FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Dobretsov, S Teplitski, M Bayer, M Gunasekera, S Proksch, P Paul, VJ AF Dobretsov, Sergey Teplitski, Max Bayer, Mirko Gunasekera, Sarath Proksch, Peter Paul, Valerie J. TI Inhibition of marine biofouling by bacterial quorum sensing inhibitors SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE quorum sensing; inhibitors; antifouling; natural products; biofilms ID CYANOBACTERIUM LYNGBYA-MAJUSCULA; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; CHROMOBACTERIUM-VIOLACEUM; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; SECONDARY METABOLITES; MICROFOULING LAYER; MICROBIAL BIOFILMS; DELISEA-PULCHRA; FURANONES; ACID AB Seventy eight natural products from chemical libraries containing compounds from marine organisms (sponges, algae, fungi, tunicates and cyanobacteria) and terrestrial plants, were screened for the inhibition of bacterial quorum sensing (QS) using a reporter strain Chromobacterium violaceum CV017. About half of the natural products did not show any QS inhibition. Twenty four percent of the tested compounds inhibited QS of the reporter without causing toxicity. The QS inhibitory activities of the most potent and abundant compounds were further investigated using the LuxR-based reporter E. coli pSB401 and the LasR-based reporter E. coli pSB1075. Midpacamide and tenuazonic acid were toxic to the tested reporters. QS-dependent luminescence of the LasR-based reporter, which is normally induced by N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone, was reduced by demethoxy encecalin and hymenialdisin at concentrations >6.6 mu M and 15 mu M, respectively. Hymenialdisin, demethoxy encecalin, microcolins A and B and kojic acid inhibited responses of the LuxR-based reporter induced by N-3-oxo-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone at concentrations >0.2 mu M, 2.2 mu M, 1.5 mu M, 15 mu M and 36 mu M, respectively. The ability to prevent microfouling by one of the compounds screened in this study (kojic acid; final concentrations 330 mu M and 1 mu M) was tested in a controlled mesocosm experiment. Kojic acid inhibited formation of microbial communities on glass slides, decreasing the densities of bacteria and diatoms in comparison with the control lacking kojic acid. The study suggests that natural products with QS inhibitory properties can be used for controlling biofouling communities. C1 [Dobretsov, Sergey] Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Agr & Marine Sci, Dept Marine Sci & Fisheries, Muscat, Oman. [Teplitski, Max] Univ Florida, IFAS, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bayer, Mirko; Proksch, Peter] Inst Pharmazeut Biol & Biotechnol, Dusseldorf, Germany. [Gunasekera, Sarath; Paul, Valerie J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Dobretsov, S (reprint author), Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Agr & Marine Sci, Dept Marine Sci & Fisheries, Muscat, Oman. EM sergey@squ.edu.om RI Dobretsov, Sergey/C-9733-2012 OI Dobretsov, Sergey/0000-0002-1769-6388 FU Smithsonian Institution (USA); SQU [IG/AGR/FISH/09/03]; HM Fund for Strategic Research [SR/AGR/FISH/10/01]; Protect Our Reefs Foundation/Mote Marine Laboratory under CRIS [FLA-SWS-04591]; BMBF; National Institutes of Health, NIGMS [P41M806210] FX The authors would like to thank four anonymous reviewers who provided helpful suggestions that significantly improved this manuscript. The authors would also like to thank Ms Badruya Al-Ghafri for her technical assistance. The work of SD was supported by the George E. Burch Fellowship in Theoretical Medicine and Affiliated Sciences at the Smithsonian Institution (USA), the SQU internal grant IG/AGR/FISH/09/03 and the HM Fund for Strategic Research SR/AGR/FISH/10/01. MT's contribution was supported by funding from Protect Our Reefs Foundation/Mote Marine Laboratory under CRIS project FLA-SWS-04591. P. P. wishes to thank BMBF for support. VJP and SG thank the National Institutes of Health, NIGMS grant P41M806210, for support. This is contribution No. 861 of the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. NR 72 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 9 U2 63 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2011 VL 27 IS 8 BP 893 EP 905 DI 10.1080/08927014.2011.609616 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 814TR UT WOS:000294480600008 PM 21882898 ER PT J AU Williams, B Halfar, J Steneck, RS Wortmann, UG Hetzinger, S Adey, W Lebednik, P Joachimski, M AF Williams, B. Halfar, J. Steneck, R. S. Wortmann, U. G. Hetzinger, S. Adey, W. Lebednik, P. Joachimski, M. TI Twentieth century delta C-13 variability in surface water dissolved inorganic carbon recorded by coralline algae in the northern North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; SYNTHETIC MAGNESIAN CALCITE; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; STABLE OXYGEN; REGIME SHIFTS; RED ALGAE; CLIMATE; C-13; TEMPERATURE; ALASKA AB The oxygen isotopic composition and Mg/Ca ratios in the skeletons of long-lived coralline algae record ambient seawater temperature over time. Similarly, the carbon isotopic composition in the skeletons record delta C-13 values of ambient seawater dissolved inorganic carbon. Here, we measured delta C-13 in the coralline alga Clathromorphum nereostratum to test the feasibility of reconstructing the intrusion of anthropogenic CO2 into the northern North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea. The delta C-13 was measured in the high Mgcalcite skeleton of three C. nereostratum specimens from two islands 500 km apart in the Aleutian archipelago. In the records spanning 1887 to 2003, the average decadal rate of decline in delta C-13 values increased from 0.03% yr(-1) in the 1960s to 0.095% yr(-1) in the 1990s, which was higher than expected due to solely the delta C-13-Suess effect. Deeper water in this region exhibits higher concentrations of CO2 and low delta C-13 values. Transport of deeper water into surface water (i.e., upwelling) increases when the Aleutian Low is intensified. We hypothesized that the acceleration of the delta C-13 decline may result from increased upwelling from the 1960s to 1990s, which in turn was driven by increased intensity of the Aleutian Low. Detrended delta C-13 records also varied on 4-7 year and bidecadal timescales supporting an atmospheric teleconnection of tropical climate patterns to the northern North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea manifested as changes in upwelling. C1 [Williams, B.; Halfar, J.; Hetzinger, S.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem & Phys Sci, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Steneck, R. S.] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [Wortmann, U. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Adey, W.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Lebednik, P.] ARCADIS US Inc, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Joachimski, M.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Geol & Mineral, Erlangen, Germany. RP Williams, B (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Chem & Phys Sci, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. EM branwen.williams@utoronto.ca RI Joachimski, Michael/B-9477-2011; Adey, Walter/G-2858-2011; Halfar, Jochen/C-7317-2014; Hetzinger, Steffen/B-5778-2016; OI Wortmann, Ulrich/0000-0001-7854-9173 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [HA 3238/2-1. 2-2]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX We thank J. Estes for giving R. S. the opportunity to participate in his 2004 research cruise to collect specimens for this research. The sample AM-KR-80 from Amchitka Island was generously provided by the US National Herbarium of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC. We thank Hong Li for her support in the lab. This research was funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery and Ship Time Grants and a Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Grant (HA 3238/2-1. 2-2) to J. H. S. H. was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Feodor Lynen Fellowship). U. G. W. was supported by an NSERC Discovery grant. NR 62 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2011 VL 8 IS 1 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.5194/bg-8-165-2011 PG 10 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 713GG UT WOS:000286722500012 ER PT J AU Mascaro, J Asner, GP Muller-Landau, HC van Breugel, M Hall, J Dahlin, K AF Mascaro, J. Asner, G. P. Muller-Landau, H. C. van Breugel, M. Hall, J. Dahlin, K. TI Controls over aboveground forest carbon density on Barro Colorado Island, Panama SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; SECONDARY FORESTS; PERVASIVE ALTERATION; AMAZONIAN FORESTS; TREE COMMUNITIES; LIVE BIOMASS; WOOD DENSITY; DYNAMICS; SOIL; VEGETATION AB Despite the importance of tropical forests to the global carbon cycle, ecological controls over landscape-level variation in live aboveground carbon density (ACD) in tropical forests are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a spatially comprehensive analysis of ACD variation for a continental tropical forest - Barro Colorado Island, Panama (BCI) - and tested site factors that may control such variation. We mapped ACD over 1256 ha of BCI using airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), which was well-correlated with ground-based measurements of ACD in Panamanian forests of various ages (r(2) = 0.84, RMSE = 17MgCha(-1), P < 0.0001). We used multiple regression to examine controls over LiDAR-derived ACD, including slope angle, forest age, bedrock, and soil texture. Collectively, these variables explained 14% of the variation in ACD at 30-m resolution, and explained 33% at 100-m resolution. At all resolutions, slope (linked to underlying bedrock variation) was the strongest driving factor; standing carbon stocks were generally higher on steeper slopes. This result suggests that physiography may be more important in controlling ACD variation in Neotropical forests than currently thought. Although BCI has been largely undisturbed by humans for a century, past land-use over approximately half of the island still influences ACD variation, with younger forests (80-130 years old) averaging similar to 15% less carbon storage than old-growth forests (>400 years old). If other regions of relatively old tropical secondary forests also store less carbon aboveground than primary forests, the effects on the global carbon cycle could be substantial and difficult to detect with traditional satellite monitoring. C1 [Mascaro, J.; Asner, G. P.; Dahlin, K.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. [Mascaro, J.; Muller-Landau, H. C.; van Breugel, M.; Hall, J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Dahlin, K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Mascaro, J (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. EM jmascaro@stanford.edu RI Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI van Breugel, Michiel/0000-0003-2778-7803; Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 FU John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; HSBC; Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion (SENACYT) of Panama; National Science Foundation [DEB-0640386, DEB-0425651, DEB-0346488, DEB-0129874, DEB-00753102, DEB-9909347, DEB-9615226, DEB-9405933, DEB-9221033, DEB-9100058, DEB-8906869, DEB-8605042, DEB-8206992, DEB-7922197]; Center for Tropical Forest Science; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Mellon Foundation; Celera Foundation FX This study was supported by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the HSBC Climate Partnership, Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion (SENACYT) of Panama, and an anonymous donor. The Carnegie Airborne Observatory is made possible by the W. M. Keck Foundation, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and William Hearst III. J. Wright provided height and wood density data. Comments by S. Stark and one anonymous reviewer substantially improved this manuscript. The BCI forest dynamics research project is made possible by National Science Foundation grants to S. P. Hubbell: DEB-0640386, DEB-0425651, DEB-0346488, DEB-0129874, DEB-00753102, DEB-9909347, DEB-9615226, DEB-9615226, DEB-9405933, DEB-9221033, DEB-9100058, DEB-8906869, DEB-8605042, DEB-8206992, DEB-7922197, support from the Center for Tropical Forest Science, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Mellon Foundation, the Celera Foundation, and numerous private individuals, and through the hard work of over 100 people from 10 countries over the past two decades. The plot project is part the Center for Tropical Forest Science, a global network of large-scale demographic tree plots. NR 68 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 9 U2 30 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2011 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1615 EP 1629 DI 10.5194/bg-8-1615-2011 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 781OL UT WOS:000291942900015 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF Camargo, JLC Luizao, RCC Laurance, SG Pimm, SL Bruna, EM Stouffer, PC Williamson, GB Benitez-Malvido, J Vasconcelos, HL Van Houtan, KS Zartman, CE Boyle, SA Didham, RK Andrade, A Lovejoy, TE AF Laurance, William F. Camargo, Jose L. C. Luizao, Regina C. C. Laurance, Susan G. Pimm, Stuart L. Bruna, Emilio M. Stouffer, Philip C. Williamson, G. Bruce Benitez-Malvido, Julieta Vasconcelos, Heraldo L. Van Houtan, Kyle S. Zartman, Charles E. Boyle, Sarah A. Didham, Raphael K. Andrade, Ana Lovejoy, Thomas E. TI The fate of Amazonian forest fragments: A 32-year investigation SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE Amazon; Community dynamics; Ecosystem processes; Edge effects; Habitat fragmentation; Long-term research; Matrix effects; Species extinctions; Tropical forests ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; DUNG BEETLE COMMUNITIES; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; TREE COMMUNITIES; LOCAL EXTINCTIONS; SPECIES RICHNESS; NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS; INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS AB We synthesize findings to date from the world's largest and longest-running experimental study of habitat fragmentation, located in central Amazonia. Over the past 32 years, Amazonian forest fragments ranging from 1 to 100 ha have experienced a wide array of ecological changes. Edge effects have been a dominant driver of fragment dynamics, strongly affecting forest microclimate, tree mortality, carbon storage, fauna, and other aspects of fragment ecology. However, edge-effect intensity varies markedly in space and time, and is influenced by factors such as edge age, the number of nearby edges, and the adjoining matrix of modified vegetation surrounding fragments. In our study area, the matrix has changed markedly over the course of the study (evolving from large cattle pastures to mosaics of abandoned pasture and regrowth forest) and this in turn has strongly influenced fragment dynamics and faunal persistence. Rare weather events, especially windstorms and droughts, have further altered fragment ecology. In general, populations and communities of species in fragments are hyperdynamic relative to nearby intact forest. Some edge and fragment-isolation effects have declined with a partial recovery of secondary forests around fragments, but other changes: such as altered patterns of tree recruitment, are ongoing. Fragments are highly sensitive to external vicissitudes, and even small changes in local land-management practices may drive fragmented ecosystems in markedly different directions. The effects of fragmentation are likely to interact synergistically with other anthropogenic threats such as logging, hunting, and especially fire, creating an even greater peril for the Amazonian biota. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Laurance, William F.; Laurance, Susan G.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. [Laurance, William F.; Camargo, Jose L. C.; Luizao, Regina C. C.; Laurance, Susan G.; Andrade, Ana] Natl Inst Amazonian Res INPA, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Laurance, William F.; Camargo, Jose L. C.; Luizao, Regina C. C.; Laurance, Susan G.; Andrade, Ana] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Luizao, Regina C. C.] Natl Inst Amazonian Res INPA, Dept Ecol, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Pimm, Stuart L.; Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Bruna, Emilio M.] Univ Florida, Ctr Latin Amer Studies, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bruna, Emilio M.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Stouffer, Philip C.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Stouffer, Philip C.] Louisiana State Univ, LSU AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Williamson, G. Bruce] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Benitez-Malvido, Julieta] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ecosyst Res Ctr, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. [Vasconcelos, Heraldo L.] Univ Fed Uberlandia, Inst Biol, BR-38400902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] NOAA Fisheries, Marine Turtle Assessment Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Zartman, Charles E.] Natl Inst far Amazonian Res INPA, Dept Bot, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Boyle, Sarah A.] Rhodes Coll, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. [Didham, Raphael K.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Anim Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Didham, Raphael K.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Ctr Environm & Life Sci, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia. [Lovejoy, Thomas E.] Heinz Ctr, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Lovejoy, Thomas E.] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. EM bill.laurance@jcu.edu.au; lovejoy@heinzctr.org RI Didham, Raphael/B-5953-2011; Laurance, William/B-2709-2012; James Cook University, TESS/B-8171-2012; Bruna, Emilio/H-2769-2012; Vasconcelos, Heraldo/C-3353-2013; Research ID, CTBCC /O-3564-2014; Laurance, Susan/G-6021-2011; Camargo, Jose Luis/C-3137-2015; OI Bruna, Emilio/0000-0003-3381-8477; Vasconcelos, Heraldo/0000-0001-6969-7131; Laurance, Susan/0000-0002-2831-2933; Van Houtan, Kyle/0000-0001-5725-1773 FU Blue Moon Fund FX We thank Goncalo Ferraz, Robert Ewers, Reuben Clements, Will Edwards, and four anonymous referees for helpful comments on the manuscript. The National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Smithsonian Institution, US National Science Foundation, Brazilian Science Foundation (CNPq), NASA-LBA program, US-AID, Mellon Foundation, Blue Moon Fund, Marisla Foundation, and other organizations generously supported the BDFFP. This is publication number 562 in the BDFFP technical series. NR 155 TC 241 Z9 248 U1 47 U2 323 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 144 IS 1 BP 56 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.021 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 719AA UT WOS:000287168100006 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF Useche, DC Shoo, LP Herzog, SK Kessler, M Escobar, F Brehm, G Axmacher, JC Chen, IC Gamez, LA Hietz, P Fiedler, K Pyrcz, T Wolf, J Merkord, CL Cardelus, C Marshall, AR Ah-Peng, C Aplet, GH Arizmendi, MD Baker, WJ Barone, J Bruhl, CA Bussmann, RW Cicuzza, D Eilu, G Favila, ME Hemp, A Hemp, C Homeier, J Hurtado, J Jankowski, J Kattan, G Kluge, J Kromer, T Lees, DC Lehnert, M Longino, JT Lovett, J Martin, PH Patterson, BD Pearson, RG Peh, KSH Richardson, B Richardson, M Samways, MJ Senbeta, F Smith, TB Utteridge, TMA Watkins, JE Wilson, R Williams, SE Thomas, CD AF Laurance, William F. Useche, D. Carolina Shoo, Luke P. Herzog, Sebastian K. Kessler, Michael Escobar, Federico Brehm, Gunnar Axmacher, Jan C. Chen, I-Ching Arellano Gamez, Lucrecia Hietz, Peter Fiedler, Konrad Pyrcz, Tomasz Wolf, Jan Merkord, Christopher L. Cardelus, Catherine Marshall, Andrew R. Ah-Peng, Claudine Aplet, Gregory H. del Coro Arizmendi, M. Baker, William J. Barone, John Bruehl, Carsten A. Bussmann, Rainer W. Cicuzza, Daniele Eilu, Gerald Favila, Mario E. Hemp, Andreas Hemp, Claudia Homeier, Juergen Hurtado, Johanna Jankowski, Jill Kattan, Gustavo Kluge, Juergen Kroemer, Thorsten Lees, David C. Lehnert, Marcus Longino, John T. Lovett, Jon Martin, Patrick H. Patterson, Bruce D. Pearson, Richard G. Peh, Kelvin S-H Richardson, Barbara Richardson, Michael Samways, Michael J. Senbeta, Feyera Smith, Thomas B. Utteridge, Timothy M. A. Watkins, James E. Wilson, Rohan Williams, Stephen E. Thomas, Chris D. TI Global warming, elevational ranges and the vulnerability of tropical biota SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Africa; Asia-Pacific; Biodiversity; Climate change; Elevational range; Endemism; Extinction; Global warming; Montane areas; Neotropics; Thermal tolerance; Tropical ecosystems ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; RAIN-FORESTS; SPECIES RICHNESS; WET TROPICS; AMPHIBIAN EXTINCTIONS; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; MOUNTAIN PASSES; PUERTO-RICO; COSTA-RICA; DIVERSITY AB Tropical species with narrow elevational ranges may be thermally specialized and vulnerable to global warming. Local studies of distributions along elevational gradients reveal small-scale patterns but do not allow generalizations among geographic regions or taxa. We critically assessed data from 249 studies of species elevational distributions in the American, African, and Asia-Pacific tropics. Of these, 150 had sufficient data quality, sampling intensity, elevational range, and freedom from serious habitat disturbance to permit robust across-study comparisons. We found four main patterns: (1) species classified as elevational specialists (upper- or lower-zone specialists) are relatively more frequent in the American than Asia-Pacific tropics, with African tropics being intermediate; (2) elevational specialists are rare on islands, especially oceanic and smaller continental islands, largely due to a paucity of upper-zone specialists; (3) a relatively high proportion of plants and ectothermic vertebrates (amphibians and reptiles) are upper-zone specialists; and (4) relatively few endothermic vertebrates (birds and mammals) are upper-zone specialists. Understanding these broad-scale trends will help identify taxa and geographic regions vulnerable to global warming and highlight future research priorities. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Laurance, William F.; Pearson, Richard G.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. [Laurance, William F.; Useche, D. Carolina] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Shoo, Luke P.; Williams, Stephen E.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Biodivers & Climate Change Res, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Herzog, Sebastian K.] BirdLife Int, Asociac Armonia, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. [Kessler, Michael; Cicuzza, Daniele; Kluge, Juergen] Univ Zurich, Inst Systemat Bot, Zurich, Switzerland. [Escobar, Federico; Arellano Gamez, Lucrecia; Favila, Mario E.] Inst Ecol, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. [Brehm, Gunnar] Inst Spezielle Zool & Evolut Biol Phyletischem Mu, Jena, Germany. [Axmacher, Jan C.] UCL, Dept Geog, London, England. [Chen, I-Ching; Thomas, Chris D.] Univ York, Dept Biol, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Hietz, Peter] Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Inst Bot, Vienna, Austria. [Fiedler, Konrad] Univ Vienna, Dept Anim Biodivers, Vienna, Austria. [Pyrcz, Tomasz] Jagiellonian Univ, Zool Museum, Krakow, Poland. [Wolf, Jan] Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Merkord, Christopher L.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Cardelus, Catherine; Watkins, James E.] Colgate Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA. [Marshall, Andrew R.; Lovett, Jon] Univ York, Dept Environm, Ctr Integrat Res Conservat & Learning, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Marshall, Andrew R.; Lovett, Jon] Flamingo Land Ltd, Malton, N Yorkshire, England. [Ah-Peng, Claudine] Univ Reunion, St Denis, Reunion. [Aplet, Gregory H.] Wilderness Soc, Denver, CO USA. [del Coro Arizmendi, M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ecol Lab, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Baker, William J.; Utteridge, Timothy M. A.] Royal Bot Gardens, Surrey, England. [Barone, John] Columbus State Univ, Dept Biol, Columbus, GA USA. [Bruehl, Carsten A.] Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Environm Sci, Landau, Germany. [Bussmann, Rainer W.] Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO USA. [Eilu, Gerald] Makerere Univ, Fac Forestry & Nat Conservat, Kampala, Uganda. [Hemp, Andreas; Hemp, Claudia] Lehrstuhl Tierokol 2, Bayreuth, Germany. [Homeier, Juergen] Univ Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany. [Hurtado, Johanna] Univ Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica. [Jankowski, Jill] Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kattan, Gustavo] Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Dept Ciencias Nat & Matemat, Cali, Colombia. [Kroemer, Thorsten] Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest Trop, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. [Lees, David C.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. [Lehnert, Marcus] Staatliches Museum Nat Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany. [Longino, John T.] Evergreen State Coll, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. [Martin, Patrick H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Patterson, Bruce D.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Peh, Kelvin S-H] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Richardson, Barbara; Richardson, Michael] Univ Puerto Rico Rio Piedras, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, San Juan, PR USA. [Samways, Michael J.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Conservat Ecol & Entomol, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Senbeta, Feyera] Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Smith, Thomas B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Trop Res, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Wilson, Rohan] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. EM bill.laurance@jcu.edu.au RI Shoo, Luke/A-2715-2009; Thomas, Chris/A-1460-2014; Kessler, Michael/A-3605-2009; Research ID, CTBCC /O-3564-2014; TropWATER, Research ID/P-1401-2014; Kromer, Thorsten/C-2479-2009; Axmacher, Jan/C-4412-2008; Williams, Stephen/A-7250-2008; Brehm, Gunnar/D-5831-2013; Escobar, Federico/C-1396-2011; Baker, William/B-1244-2011; Homeier, Jurgen/G-1662-2011; Thomas, Chris/A-1894-2012; Laurance, William/B-2709-2012; James Cook University, TESS/B-8171-2012; Jankowski, Jill/D-4754-2012; Bruhl, Carsten/F-3385-2012; Kluge, Jurgen/D-6200-2011; Lehnert, Marcus/F-3288-2011; Peh, Kelvin/C-3408-2013; AH-PENG, Claudine/N-6431-2013 OI Thomas, Chris/0000-0003-2822-1334; Kromer, Thorsten/0000-0002-1398-8172; Axmacher, Jan/0000-0003-1406-928X; Hietz, Peter/0000-0002-0458-6593; Richardson, Michael/0000-0003-1232-4793; Merkord, Chris/0000-0003-2825-1904; Patterson, Bruce D./0000-0002-2249-7260; Pearson, Richard/0000-0001-6047-031X; Bruhl, Carsten/0000-0003-1332-535X; Fiedler, Konrad/0000-0002-4789-3753; Bussmann, Rainer W/0000-0002-3524-5273; Williams, Stephen/0000-0002-2510-7408; Baker, William/0000-0001-6727-1831; Homeier, Jurgen/0000-0001-5676-3267; Peh, Kelvin/0000-0002-2921-1341; FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; James Cook University; Australian Research Council FX D. Bickford, R.K. Colwell, R. Condit, S.J. Wright, and two anonymous referees offered many useful comments and discussion. We thank the many investigators who provided insights or access to unpublished data, especially R. Gradstein, H. Kurschner, T. Nakashizuka, and the Missouri Botanical Garden and TEAM initiative. The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, James Cook University, and Australian Research Council provided support. Appendices listing the studies used in this analysis, and describing the study area and sampling methods for each, are available from the lead author upon request. NR 82 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 18 U2 199 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 144 IS 1 BP 548 EP 557 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.10.010 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 719AA UT WOS:000287168100059 ER PT J AU Crooks, JA Chang, AL Ruiz, GM AF Crooks, Jeffrey A. Chang, Andrew L. Ruiz, Gregory M. TI Aquatic pollution increases the relative success of invasive species SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Invasions; Invasibility; Habitat; Propagule pressure; Fouling; Diversity ID EXOTIC PLANT INVASIONS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; DIFFERENTIAL TOLERANCE; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; DIVERSITY; INVASIBILITY; COMMUNITY; DISTURBANCE; RESISTANCE AB Although individual ecosystems vary greatly in the degree to which they have been invaded by exotic species, it has remained difficult to isolate mechanisms influencing invader success. One largely anecdotal observation is that polluted or degraded areas will accumulate more invaders than less-impacted sites. However, the role of abiotic factors alone in influencing invisibility has been difficult to isolate, often because the supply of potential invaders is confounded with conditions thought to increase vulnerability to invasion. Here, we conducted a field experiment to test how the assemblages of exotic versus native marine invertebrates changed during community assembly under different exposure levels of a common pollutant, copper. The experiment was conducted by deploying fouling panels in a Randomized Block Design in San Francisco Bay. Panels were periodically removed, placed into buckets with differing copper concentrations, and returned to the field after 3 days. This design allowed propagule availability to the plates to be statistically independent of short-term copper exposure. The results demonstrate that copper caused significant differences in community structure. Average native species richness was significantly affected by copper exposure, but average exotic richness was not. The total native species pool within treatments exhibited a greater than 40% decline within increasing copper, while the exotic species pool did not change significantly. These results confirm that anthropogenic alteration of abiotic factors influences invader success, indicating that management strategies to reduce invader impacts should include both efforts to improve environmental conditions as well as reduce invader supply. C1 [Crooks, Jeffrey A.] Tijuana River Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Imperial Beach, CA 91932 USA. [Crooks, Jeffrey A.; Chang, Andrew L.; Ruiz, Gregory M.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Chang, Andrew L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Crooks, JA (reprint author), Tijuana River Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, 301 Caspian Way, Imperial Beach, CA 91932 USA. EM jcrooks@trnerr.org RI Chang, Andrew/J-8058-2016; OI Chang, Andrew/0000-0002-7870-285X; Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X FU Maryland Sea Grant Program [R/IS-10] FX We thank the staff at the Romberg Tiburon Center and Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, as well as Brian Steves, Emma Crooks, and Kerstin Wasson for helping with this research. This research was funded by the Maryland Sea Grant Program (R/IS-10). NR 56 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 11 U2 90 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JAN PY 2011 VL 13 IS 1 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9799-3 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 695GT UT WOS:000285359300019 ER PT J AU Pearson, DL Hamilton, AL Erwin, TL AF Pearson, David L. Hamilton, Andrew L. Erwin, Terry L. TI Recovery Plan for the Endangered Taxonomy Profession SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amateur; parataxonomist; per capita gross domestic product; pro-am; professional taxonomist ID CITIZEN-SCIENCE; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; EDUCATION; BIOLOGY AB The worldwide decline in taxonomists has a broad impact on biology and society. Learning from general historical patterns of science and understanding social changes caused by growing economies, we propose changes in priorities for training taxonomists to reverse these losses. Academically trained professionals, parataxonomists (local assistants trained by professional biologists), youths educated with an emphasis on natural history, and self-supported expert amateurs are the major sources of taxonomists. Recruiting effort from each category is best determined by public attitudes toward education, as well as the availability of discretionary funds and leisure time. Instead of concentrating on descriptions of species and narrow studies of morphology and DNA, the duties of the few professional taxonomists of the future also will be to use cyberspace and a wide range of skills to recruit, train, and provide direction for expert amateurs, young students, parataxonomists, the general public, and governments. C1 [Pearson, David L.; Hamilton, Andrew L.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Erwin, Terry L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Pearson, DL (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM dpearson@asu.edu FU National Science Foundation [SES 0925827] FX We appreciate input and valuable criticism of these ideas from John Alcock, John Anderies, Deborah Brosnan, David Brzoska, Anthony Gill, Ronald Huber, David Kavanaugh, Michael Kippenhan, Barry Knisley, Scott Miller, Ben Mintneer, Nancy Pearson, Charles Perrings, Jay Shetterly, Sacha Spector, Luca Toledano, William Watson, and Quentin Wheeler. ALH's work on this project was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (SES 0925827). We also thank the many pro-am colleagues who have enthusiastically provided ideas and shared their expectations for the future of taxonomy. NR 40 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 43 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 2011 VL 61 IS 1 BP 58 EP 63 DI 10.1525/bio.2011.61.1.11 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 705XP UT WOS:000286174300012 ER PT J AU Seid, MA Castillo, A Wcislo, WT AF Seid, Marc A. Castillo, Armando Wcislo, William T. TI The Allometry of Brain Miniaturization in Ants SO BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Allometry; Ants; Brain evolution; Miniaturization; Polymorphism ID BODY-SIZE; SENSORY SYSTEMS; EVOLUTION; CONSTRAINTS; BEETLES; WORKERS; SPIDERS AB Extensive studies of vertebrates have shown that brain size scales to body size following power law functions. Most animals are substantially smaller than vertebrates, and extremely small animals face significant challenges relating to nervous system design and function, yet little is known about their brain allometry. Within a well-defined monophyletic taxon, Formicidae (ants), we analyzed how brain size scales to body size. An analysis of brain allometry for individuals of a highly polymorphic leaf-cutter ant, Atta colombica, shows that allometric coefficients differ significantly for small (<1.4 mg body mass) versus large individuals (b = 0.6003 and 0.2919, respectively). Interspecifically, allometric patterns differ for small (<0.9 mg body mass) versus large species (n = 70 species). Using mean values for species, the allometric coefficient for smaller species (b = 0.7961) is significantly greater than that for larger ones (b = 0.669). The smallest ants had brains that constitute similar to 15% of their body mass, yet their brains were relatively smaller than predicted by an overall allometric coefficient of brain to body size. Our comparative and intraspecific studies show the extent to which nervous systems can be miniaturized in taxa exhibiting behavior that is apparently comparable to that of larger species or individuals. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Seid, Marc A.; Castillo, Armando; Wcislo, William T.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Wcislo, WT (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM WcisloW@si.edu FU F.H. Levinson Fund FX Funding was provided by generous support from the F.H. Levinson Fund to the STRI Laboratory of Behavior and Evolutionary Neurobiology (W. T. W., principal investigator), and by the Smithsonian Institution's Scholarly Studies Program (W. T. W., principal investigator). We are grateful to the Autoridad Nacional del Medio Ambiente (ANAM) of the Republic of Panama for research and collecting permits. NR 48 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 30 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0006-8977 J9 BRAIN BEHAV EVOLUT JI Brain Behav. Evol. PY 2011 VL 77 IS 1 BP 5 EP 13 DI 10.1159/000322530 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Zoology GA 725MX UT WOS:000287650300003 PM 21252471 ER PT J AU Meggers, BJ AF Meggers, Betty J. TI Handbook of South American Archaeology SO CHUNGARA-REVISTA DE ANTROPOLOGIA CHILENA LA English DT Book Review ID BRAZILIAN AMAZON; FOREST C1 [Meggers, Betty J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Meggers, BJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV TARAPACA PI ARICA PA CASILLA 6-D, ARICA, 1775, CHILE SN 0717-7356 J9 CHUNGARA JI Chungara PD JAN-JUN PY 2011 VL 43 IS 1 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.4067/S0717-73562011000100014 PG 11 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 782KC UT WOS:000292006200010 ER PT S AU Upchurch, P Mannion, PD Benson, RBJ Butler, RJ Carrano, MT AF Upchurch, P. Mannion, P. D. Benson, R. B. J. Butler, R. J. Carrano, M. T. BE McGowan, AJ Smith, AB TI Geological and anthropogenic controls on the sampling of the terrestrial fossil record: a case study from the Dinosauria SO COMPARING THE GEOLOGICAL AND FOSSIL RECORDS: IMPLICATIONS FOR BIODIVERSITY STUDIES SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ROCK-RECORD; NORTH-AMERICA; PHANEROZOIC BIODIVERSITY; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; TAXONOMIC DIVERSITY; SAUROPOD DINOSAURS; MASS EXTINCTIONS; EARLY EVOLUTION; SEA-LEVEL; DIVERSIFICATION AB Dinosaurs provide excellent opportunities to examine the impact of sampling biases on the palaeodiversity of terrestrial organisms. The stratigraphical and geographical ranges of 847 dinosaurian species are analysed for palaeodiversity patterns and compared to several sampling metrics. The observed diversity of dinosaurs, Theropoda, Sauropodomorpha and Ornithischia, are positively correlated with sampling at global and regional scales. Sampling metrics for the same region correlate with each other, suggesting that different metrics often capture the same signal. Regional sampling metrics perform well as explanations for regional diversity patterns, but correlations with global diversity are weaker. Residual diversity estimates indicate that sauropodomorphs diversified during the Late Triassic, but major increases in the diversity of theropods and ornithischians did not occur until the Early Jurassic. Diversity increased during the Jurassic, but many groups underwent extinction during the Late Jurassic or at the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary. Although a recovery occurred during the Cretaceous, only sauropodomorphs display a long-term upward trend. The Campanian-Maastrichtian diversity 'peak' is largely a sampling artefact. There is little evidence for a gradualistic decrease in diversity prior to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction (except for ornithischians), and when such decreases do occur they are small relative to those experienced earlier in dinosaur evolution. C1 [Upchurch, P.; Mannion, P. D.] UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Benson, R. B. J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. [Butler, R. J.] Bayer Staatssammlung Palaontol & Geol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Carrano, M. T.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Upchurch, P (reprint author), UCL, Dept Earth Sci, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM p.upchurch@ucl.ac.uk RI Upchurch, Paul/C-1654-2008; Carrano, Matthew/C-7601-2011; OI Carrano, Matthew/0000-0003-2129-1612; Benson, Roger/0000-0001-8244-6177; Butler, Richard/0000-0003-2136-7541 NR 104 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-336-3 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2011 VL 358 BP 209 EP 240 DI 10.1144/SP358.14 D2 10.1144/SP358.0 PG 32 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Geology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Geology GA BFY77 UT WOS:000321908200014 ER PT J AU Aiken, GR Gilmour, CC Krabbenhoft, DP Orem, W AF Aiken, George R. Gilmour, Cynthia C. Krabbenhoft, David P. Orem, William TI Dissolved Organic Matter in the Florida Everglades: Implications for Ecosystem Restoration SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Dissolved organic matter; hydrology; leaching; mercury; nutrients; photochemistry; restoration ID SUBTROPICAL CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; NUTRIENT-REMOVAL-PROJECT; SOUTH FLORIDA; SURFACE WATERS; FRESH-WATER; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBENCY; CARBON MINERALIZATION; PHOSPHORUS ENRICHMENT; CALCITE PRECIPITATION AB Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Florida Everglades controls a number of environmental processes important for ecosystem function including the absorption of light, mineral dissolution/precipitation, transport of hydrophobic compounds (e.g., pesticides), and the transport and reactivity of metals, such as mercury. Proposed attempts to return the Everglades to more natural flow conditions will result in changes to the present transport of DOM from the Everglades Agricultural Area and the northern conservation areas to Florida Bay. In part, the restoration plan calls for increasing water flow throughout the Everglades by removing some of the manmade barriers to flow in place today. The land- and water-use practices associated with the plan will likely result in changes in the quality, quantity, and reactivity of DOM throughout the greater Everglades ecosystem. The authors discuss the factors controlling DOM concentrations and chemistry, present distribution of DOM throughout the Everglades, the potential effects of DOM on key water-quality issues, and the potential utility of dissolved organic matter as an indicator of success of restoration efforts. C1 [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Gilmour, Cynthia C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI USA. [Orem, William] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Aiken, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM graiken@usgs.gov RI Gilmour, Cynthia/G-1784-2010 OI Gilmour, Cynthia/0000-0002-1720-9498 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Florida Department of Environmental Protection; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR823735, R-82 7631]; National Science Foundation [DEB 0451345] FX This report was supported by funding from the U.S. Geological Survey (Priority Ecosystems Studies for South Florida-G. Ronnie Best, Program Executive), the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA/ORD Assistance Agreement CR823735; EPA Star Grant R-82 7631), and the National Science Foundation (DEB 0451345). The authors thank Laurel Larsen and Matt Miller from USGS, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 124 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 53 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-3389 EI 1547-6537 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 41 SU 1 BP 217 EP 248 AR PII 933735105 DI 10.1080/10643389.2010.530934 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723GG UT WOS:000287494000009 ER PT S AU Rots, AH AF Rots, Arnold H. BE Seago, JH Seaman, RL Allen, SL TI UTC AT THE HARVARD-SMITHSONIAN CENTER FOR ASTROPHYSICS (CFA) AND ENVIRONS SO DECOUPLING CIVIL TIMEKEEPING FROM EARTH ROTATION SE Science and Technology Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium Exploring Implications of Redefining Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) CY OCT 05-07, 2011 CL Analyt Graph Inc, Exton, PA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl Opt Astron Observ, Virtual Astronom Observ HO Analyt Graph Inc AB The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory is involved in the operation of observatories across the entire electromagnetic spectrum and associated with several other data providers. Although the reliance on UTC and constraints on the value of DUT1 vary, there is considerable apprehension about changing the definition. In particular there is a sense that it may cause considerable confusion and misunderstanding in the context of the Virtual Observatory. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Chandra Xray Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rots, AH (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Chandra Xray Ctr, 60 Garden St,MS 67, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 0278-4017 BN 978-0-87703-575-6 J9 SCI TECH PY 2011 VL 113 BP 273 EP 276 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBY78 UT WOS:000308895700018 ER PT J AU De Broyer, C Danis, B Allcock, L Angel, M Arango, C Artois, T Barnes, D Bartsch, I Bester, M Blachowiak-Samolyk, K Blazewicz, M Bohn, J Brandt, A Brandao, SN David, B de Salas, M Eleaume, M Emig, C Fautin, D George, KH Gillan, D Gooday, A Hopcroft, R Jangoux, M Janussen, D Koubbi, P Kouwenberg, J Kuklinski, P Ligowski, R Lindsay, D Linse, K Longshaw, M Lopez-Gonzalez, P Martin, P Munilla, T Muhlenhardt-Siegel, U Neuhaus, B Norenburg, J Ozouf-Costaz, C Pakhomov, E Perrin, W Petryashov, V Pena-Cantero, AL Piatkowski, U Pierrot-Bults, A Rocka, A Saiz-Salinas, J Salvini-Plawen, L Scarabino, V Schiaparelli, S Schrodl, M Schwabe, E Scott, F Sicinski, J Siegel, V Smirnov, I Thatje, S Utevsky, A Vanreusel, A Wiencke, C Woehler, E Zdzitowiecki, K Zeidler, W AF De Broyer, Claude Danis, Bruno Allcock, Louise Angel, Martin Arango, Claudia Artois, Tom Barnes, David Bartsch, Ilse Bester, Marthan Blachowiak-Samolyk, Kasia Blazewicz, Magda Bohn, Jens Brandt, Angelika Brandao, Simone Nunes David, Bruno de Salas, Miguel Eleaume, Marc Emig, Christian Fautin, Daphne George, Kai-Horst Gillan, David Gooday, Andrew Hopcroft, Russ Jangoux, Michel Janussen, Dorte Koubbi, Philippe Kouwenberg, Juliana Kuklinski, Piotr Ligowski, Ryszard Lindsay, Dhugal Linse, Katrin Longshaw, Matt Lopez-Gonzalez, Pablo Martin, Patrick Munilla, Tomas Muehlenhardt-Siegel, Ute Neuhaus, Birger Norenburg, Jon Ozouf-Costaz, Catherine Pakhomov, Evgeny Perrin, William Petryashov, Victor Pena-Cantero, Alvaro L. Piatkowski, Uwe Pierrot-Bults, Annelies Rocka, Anna Saiz-Salinas, Jose Salvini-Plawen, Luitfried Scarabino, Victor Schiaparelli, Stefano Schroedl, Michael Schwabe, Enrico Scott, Fiona Sicinski, Jacek Siegel, Volker Smirnov, Igor Thatje, Sven Utevsky, Andrei Vanreusel, Ann Wiencke, Christian Woehler, Eric Zdzitowiecki, Krzysztof Zeidler, Wolfgang CA 64 SCAR-MarBIN Taxonomic Editors TI How many species in the Southern Ocean? Towards a dynamic inventory of the Antarctic marine species SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Census of Antarctic Marine Life - Diversity and Change in Southern Ocean Ecosystems CY MAY, 2009 CL Genoa, ITALY DE Biodiversity; Information system; Species inventory; Taxonomy; Cybertaxonomy; Barcoding; Southern Ocean; Antarctic ID DEEP-SEA; INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY; BIODIVERSITY; BENTHOS; LILJEBORGIIDAE; BIOGEOGRAPHY; AMPHIPODA; DIVERSITY; CRUSTACEA; RICHNESS AB The IPY sister-projects CAML and SCAR-MarBIN provided a timely opportunity, a strong collaborative framework and an appropriate momentum to attempt assessing the "Known, Unknown and Unknowable" of Antarctic marine biodiversity. To allow assessing the known biodiversity, SCAR-MarBIN "Register of Antarctic Marine Species (RAMS)" was compiled and published by a panel of 64 taxonomic experts. Thanks to this outstanding expertise mobilized for the first time, an accurate list of more than 8100 valid species was compiled and an up-to-date systematic classification comprising more than 16,800 taxon names was established. This taxonomic information is progressively and systematically completed by species occurrence data, provided by literature, taxonomic and biogeographic databases, new data from CAML and other cruises, and museum collections. RAMS primary role was to establish a benchmark of the present taxonomic knowledge of the Southern Ocean biodiversity, particularly important in the context of the growing realization of potential impacts of the global change on Antarctic ecosystems. This, in turn, allowed detecting gaps in knowledge, taxonomic treatment and coverage, and estimating the importance of the taxonomic impediment, as well as the needs for more complete and efficient taxonomic tools. A second, but not less important, role of RAMS was to contribute to the "taxonomic backbone" of the SCAR-MarBIN, OBIS and GBIF networks, to establish a dynamic information system on Antarctic marine biodiversity for the future. The unknown part of the Southern Ocean biodiversity was approached by pointing out what remains to be explored and described in terms of geographical locations and bathymetric zones, habitats, or size classes of organisms. The growing importance of cryptic species is stressed, as they are more and more often detected by molecular studies in several taxa. Relying on RAMS results and on some case studies of particular model groups, the question of the potential number of species that remains to be discovered in the Southern Ocean is discussed. In terms of taxonomic inputs to the census of Southern Ocean biodiversity, the current rate of progress in inventorying the Antarctic marine species as well as the state of taxonomic resources and capacity were assessed. Different ways of improving the taxonomic inputs are suggested. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [De Broyer, Claude; Danis, Bruno; Martin, Patrick; 64 SCAR-MarBIN Taxonomic Editors] Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Allcock, Louise] Natl Univ Ireland, Martin Ryan Marine Sci Inst, Dept Zool, Galway, Ireland. [Thatje, Sven] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. [Arango, Claudia] Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. [Artois, Tom] Hasselt Univ, Dept Chem Biol & Geol, Res Grp Biodivers Phylogeny & Populat Study, Diepenbeek, Belgium. [Barnes, David; Linse, Katrin] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Bartsch, Ilse] Senckenberg Nat Res Soc, Res Inst & Nat Hist Museum, Frankfurt, Germany. [Bester, Marthan] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Blachowiak-Samolyk, Kasia; Kuklinski, Piotr] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, PL-00901 Warsaw, Poland. [Blazewicz, Magda; Ligowski, Ryszard; Sicinski, Jacek] Univ Lodz, Dept Invertebrate Zool & Hydrobiol, Lab Polar Biol & Oceanobiol, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. [Bohn, Jens; Schwabe, Enrico] Bavarian State Collect Zool, D-81247 Munich, Germany. [Brandt, Angelika; Brandao, Simone Nunes; Muehlenhardt-Siegel, Ute] Univ Hamburg, Zool Inst & Zool Museum, Zool Museum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. [Danis, Bruno; Gillan, David; Jangoux, Michel] Univ Libre Brussels, Interuniv Ctr Marine Biol ULB UMH, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [David, Bruno] Univ Bourgogne, F-21004 Dijon, France. [de Salas, Miguel; Scott, Fiona] Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. [Eleaume, Marc] Natl Nat Hist Museum Paris, Paris, France. [Emig, Christian] BrachNet, F-13007 Marseille, France. [Fautin, Daphne] Univ Kansas, Div Invertebrate Zool, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, KU Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [George, Kai-Horst] Senckenberg Nat Forschende Gesell, Nat Museum & Forschungsinst Senckenberg, Deutsches Zentrum Marine Biodivers Forsch, Frankfurt, Germany. [Hopcroft, Russ] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Janussen, Dorte] Senckenberg Nat Res Soc, Sect Marine Invertebrates, Frankfurt, Germany. [Koubbi, Philippe] CNRS, Observ Oceanol Villefranche sur Mer, F-75700 Paris, France. [Kouwenberg, Juliana] Univ Amsterdam, Fac Nat Wetenschappen Wiskunde & Informat, Zool Museum Amsterdam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Lindsay, Dhugal] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. [Longshaw, Matt] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth Lab, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. [Lopez-Gonzalez, Pablo] Univ Seville, Dept Phys & Zool, Sect Biodivers & Marine Invertebrates, Seville, Spain. [Munilla, Tomas] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Anim Biol Biol Vegetal & Ecol, Unitat Zool, Barcelona, Spain. [Neuhaus, Birger] Museum Nat Kunde, Berlin, Germany. [Norenburg, Jon] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC USA. [Ozouf-Costaz, Catherine; Scarabino, Victor] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Systemat & Evolut, F-75005 Paris, France. [Pakhomov, Evgeny] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Perrin, William] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resource Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Petryashov, Victor; Smirnov, Igor] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Pena-Cantero, Alvaro L.] Univ Valencia, Unit Biodivers & Evolut Cnidaria, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. [Piatkowski, Uwe] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Marine Ecol Div, Fishery Biol Sect, Kiel, Germany. [Pierrot-Bults, Annelies] Nat Biodivers Ctr, Dept Marine Zool, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Rocka, Anna] Polish Acad Sci, Witold Stefanski Inst Parasitol, PL-00901 Warsaw, Poland. [Saiz-Salinas, Jose] Univ Basque Country, Dept Zool & Animal Cell Dynam, Bilbao, Spain. [Salvini-Plawen, Luitfried] Univ Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. [Schiaparelli, Stefano] Univ Genoa, Fac Sci Matemat Fis & Nat, Dipartimento Studio Terr & Risorse, I-16126 Genoa, Italy. [Schroedl, Michael] Univ Munich, Fac Biol, Biozentrum Martinsried, D-80539 Munich, Germany. [Siegel, Volker] Johann Heinrich von Thunen Inst, Inst Sea Fisheries, Hamburg, Germany. [Utevsky, Andrei] Kharkov Natl Univ, Dept Zool & Animal Ecol, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Vanreusel, Ann] Univ Ghent, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Marine Biol Sect, Ghent, Belgium. [Wiencke, Christian] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Woehler, Eric] Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Zdzitowiecki, Krzysztof] Polish Acad Sci, Lab Biol Systemat & Zoogeog Helminths, PL-00901 Warsaw, Poland. [Zeidler, Wolfgang] S Australian Museum, Dept Invertebrates, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. RP De Broyer, C (reprint author), Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. EM claude.debroyer@naturalsciences.be; bruno.danis@scarmarbin.be; louise.allcock@gmail.com; mva@noc.soton.ac.uk; claudia.arango@qm.qld.gov.au; tom.artois@uhasselt.be; dkab@bas.ac.uk; ibartsch@senckenberg.de; mnbester@zoology.up.ac.za; kasiab@iopan.gda.pl; magdab@biol.uni.lodz.pl; j.bohn@zsm.mwn.de; abrandt@zoologie.uni-hamburg.de; snbrandao@gmx.net; bruno.david@u-bourgogne.fr; Miguel.deSalas@aad.gov.au; eleaume@mnhn.fr; brachnet@aliceads1.fr; fautin@ku.edu; kgeorge@senckenberg.de; dgillan@ulb.ac.be; ang@noc.soton.ac.uk; hopcroft@ims.uaf.edu; dorte.janussen@senckenberg.de; koubbi@obs-vlfr.fr; kouwenberg@uva.nl; kuki@iopan.gda.pl; ligowski@biol.uni.lodz.pl; dhugal@jamstec.go.jp; kl@bas.ac.uk; matt.longshaw@cefas.co.uk; pjlopez@us.es; patrick.martin@naturalsciences.be; tomas.munilla@uab.es; muehsie@zoologie.uni-hamburg.de; birger.neuhaus@mfn-berlin.de; NORENBUR@si.edu; ozouf@mnhn.fr; epakhomov@eos.ubc.ca; William.Perrin@noaa.gov; malacostraca@zin.ru; alvaro.1.pena@uv.es; upiatkowski@ifm-geomar.de; pierrot@uva.nl; abroccy@poczta.onet.pl; ji.saiz@ehu.es; luitfried.salvini-plawen@univie.ac.at; scarabino_victor@yahoo.fr; stefano.schiaparelli@unige.it; schroedl@zi.biologie.uni-muenchen.de; Enrico.Schwabe@zsm.mwn.de; fiona.scott@aad.gov.au; sicinski@biol.uni.lodz.pl; volker.siegel@vti.bund.de; smiris@zin.ru; svth@noc.soton.ac.uk; Andrei.Yu.Utevsky@univer.kharkov.ua; ann.vanreusel@ugent.be; cwiencke@awi-bremerhaven.de; eric.woehler@utas.edu.au; kzdzit@twarda.pan.pl; wolfgang.zeidler@samuseum.sa.gov.au RI Piatkowski, Uwe/G-4161-2011; Allcock, Louise/A-7359-2012; Longshaw, Matt/C-3884-2013; DAVID, Bruno/N-8798-2013; Koubbi, Philippe/D-5873-2015; Saiz Salinas, Jose Ignacio/I-5216-2015; Brandao, Simone/K-4672-2012; Norenburg, Jon/K-3481-2015; Pena Cantero, Alvaro Luis/F-7888-2016 OI Piatkowski, Uwe/0000-0003-1558-5817; Allcock, Louise/0000-0002-4806-0040; Saiz Salinas, Jose Ignacio/0000-0002-6245-7589; Norenburg, Jon/0000-0001-7776-1527; NR 72 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 6 U2 72 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 58 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 5 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.007 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 736DN UT WOS:000288470800002 ER PT J AU Strugnell, JM Cherel, Y Cooke, IR Gleadall, IG Hochberg, FG Ibanez, CM Jorgensen, E Laptikhovsky, VV Linse, K Norman, M Vecchione, M Voight, JR Allcock, AL AF Strugnell, J. M. Cherel, Y. Cooke, I. R. Gleadall, I. G. Hochberg, F. G. Ibanez, C. M. Jorgensen, E. Laptikhovsky, V. V. Linse, K. Norman, M. Vecchione, M. Voight, J. R. Allcock, A. L. TI The Southern Ocean: Source and sink? SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Census of Antarctic Marine Life - Diversity and Change in Southern Ocean Ecosystems CY MAY, 2009 CL Genoa, ITALY DE Benthoctopus; Antarctic zone; Phylogenetics; Marine molluscs; Thermohaline circulation ID CEPHALOPODA OCTOPODIDAE; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; OCTOPUSES CEPHALOPODA; RATE HETEROGENEITY; MOLLUSCA; SEA; REDESCRIPTION; ATLANTIC; MODEL; GENUS AB Many members of the benthic fauna of the Antarctic continental shelf share close phylogenetic relationships to the deep-sea fauna adjacent to Antarctica and in other ocean basins. It has been suggested that connections between the Southern Ocean and the deep sea have been facilitated by the presence of a deep Antarctic continental shelf coupled with submerging Antarctic bottom water and emerging circumpolar deep water. These conditions may have allowed 'polar submergence', whereby shallow Southern Ocean fauna have colonised the deep sea and 'polar emergence', whereby deep-sea fauna colonised the shallow Southern Ocean. A recent molecular study showed that a lineage of deep-sea and Southern Ocean octopuses with a uniserial sucker arrangement on their arms appear to have arisen via polar submergence. A distantly related clade of octopuses with a biserial sucker arrangement on their arms (historically placed in the genus Benthoctopus) is also present in the deepsea basins of the world and the Southern Ocean. To date their evolutionary history has not been examined. The present study investigated the origins of this group using 3133 base pairs (bp) of nucleotide data from five mitochondrial genes (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. cytochrome c oxidase subunit III, cytochrome b) and the nuclear gene rhodopsin from at least 18 species (and 7 outgroup taxa). Bayesian relaxed clock analyses showed that Benthoctopus species with a high-latitude distribution in the Southern Hemisphere represent a paraphyletic group comprised of three independent clades. The results suggest that the Benthoctopus clade originated in relatively shallow Northern Hemisphere waters. Benthoctopus species distributed in the Southern Ocean are representative of polar emergence and occur at shallower depths than non-polar Benthoctopus species. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Strugnell, J. M.] La Trobe Univ, La Trobe Inst Mol Sci, Dept Genet, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [Strugnell, J. M.; Cooke, I. R.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Cherel, Y.] CNRS, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, UPR 1934, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France. [Cooke, I. R.] La Trobe Univ, La Trobe Inst Mol Sci, Dept Biochem, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [Gleadall, I. G.] Tohoku Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Appl Biosci, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. [Hochberg, F. G.] Santa Barbara Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. [Ibanez, C. M.] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Lab Ecol Mol, Inst Ecol & Biodiversidad,Dpto Ciencias Ecol, Santiago, Chile. [Jorgensen, E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Linse, K.] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Norman, M.] Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Vecchione, M.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Smithsonian Inst, MRC 153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Voight, J. R.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Allcock, A. L.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Martin Ryan Marine Sci Inst, Galway, Ireland. RP Strugnell, JM (reprint author), La Trobe Univ, La Trobe Inst Mol Sci, Dept Genet, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. EM J.Strugnell@latrobe.edu.au; cherel@cebc.cnrs.fr; octopus@bios.tohoku.ac.jp; fghochberg@sbnature2.org; christianibez@yahoo.com; Elaina.Jorgensen@noaa.gov; vlaptikhovsky@Fisheries.gov.fk; kl@bas.ac.uk; mnorman@museum.vic.gov.au; VecchioneM@si.edu; jvoight@fieldmuseum.org; louise.allcock@gmail.com RI Ibanez, Christian/B-9700-2009; Cooke, Ira/B-4409-2008; Allcock, Louise/A-7359-2012; Strugnell, Jan/P-9921-2016 OI Allcock, Louise/0000-0002-4806-0040; NR 56 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 58 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 196 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.015 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 736DN UT WOS:000288470800019 ER PT S AU Crouzet, N Guillot, T Agabi, K Daban, JB Abe, L Mekarnia, D Rivet, JP Fantei-Caujolle, Y Fressin, F Gouvret, C Schmider, FX Valbousquet, F Blazit, A Rauer, H Erikson, A Fruth, T Aigrain, S Pont, F Barbieri, M AF Crouzet, N. Guillot, T. Agabi, K. Daban, J. -B. Abe, L. Mekarnia, D. Rivet, J. -P. Fantei-Caujolle, Y. Fressin, F. Gouvret, C. Schmider, F. -X. Valbousquet, F. Blazit, A. Rauer, H. Erikson, A. Fruth, T. Aigrain, S. Pont, F. Barbieri, M. BE Bouchy, F Diaz, R Moutou, C TI ASTEP: Towards the detection and characterization of exoplanets from Dome C SO DETECTION AND DYNAMICS OF TRANSITING EXOPLANETS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Transiting Planets - Detection and Dynamics CY AUG 23-27, 2010 CL FRANCE AB The ASTEP project (Antarctic Search for Transiting ExoPlanets), aims at testing the quality of the Dome C site in Antarctica for photometry in the visible, as well as detecting and characterizing transiting exoplanets. A dedicated telescope, ASTEP400, has been developped and installed at Concordia. The first campaign took place during the winter 2010, and the telescope functionned nominally during all the winter. A first analysis of the data leads to a precision of 189 and 205 ppm for WASP-19 and WASP-18 respectively, for continuous observations during 1 month. This shows that extremely high precision photometry is achievable from Dome C. C1 [Crouzet, N.; Guillot, T.; Agabi, K.; Daban, J. -B.; Abe, L.; Mekarnia, D.; Rivet, J. -P.; Fantei-Caujolle, Y.; Gouvret, C.; Schmider, F. -X.; Blazit, A.] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observ Cote Azur, Nice, France. [Fressin, F.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Valbousquet, F.] Opt Vis, Juanles les Pins, France. [Rauer, H.; Erikson, A.; Fruth, T.] DLR Inst Planetary Res, Berlin, Germany. [Rauer, H.] Tech Univ Berlin, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Berlin, Germany. [Aigrain, S.] Oxford Astrophys, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Pont, F.] Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Exeter, Devon, England. [Barbieri, M.] Univ Padua, Dept Astron, Padua, Italy. RP Crouzet, N (reprint author), Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observ Cote Azur, Nice, France. EM crouzet@oca.eu RI Schmider, Francois-Xavier/C-5435-2012 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2011 VL 11 AR UNSP 06001 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20111106001 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUU70 UT WOS:000290390000040 ER PT B AU Reinfeld, EL Dussault, ME Londhe, R AF Reinfeld, Erika L. Dussault, Mary E. Londhe, Rucha BE Jensen, JB Manning, JG Gibbs, MG TI Black Holes Don't Suck: Working With Youth to Make Museum Exhibits More Accessible SO EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE: MAKING CONNECTIONS IN EDUCATION AND PUBLIC OUTREACH SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 122nd Annual Meeting of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2010 CL Geolog Soc Amer, Boulder, CO SP NASA Lunar Sci Inst, IPAC, NASA Herschel Sci Ctr, Spitzer Sci Ctr, WH Freeman & Co, Collaborat Astron Teach Scholars, Ctr Astron Educ, Sky Skan, NASA, NRAO, Stratopher Observ Infrared Astron, Planck, Univ Chicago Press, I Clicker, Aerospace, Capitol Coll, CAPER Team, AAS, Windows Universe, Seiler, Celestron, Explore Sci, MWT Assoc Inc, Boulder Beer HO Geolog Soc Amer AB This poster examines the experience of professional and youth exhibit developers on the 2,500-square-foot traveling museum exhibition "Black Holes: Space Warps & Time Twists." We present three models for youth collaboration, developed between 2007 and 2009, and their impact on the museum exhibition and visitors themselves. Following the program descriptions, we describe evaluation results and lessons learned, as well as recommendations for developing successful partnerships between professional exhibit developers and youth programs. Examples of other collaborations inspired by the "Black Holes" experience will illustrate the impact of this work. C1 [Reinfeld, Erika L.; Dussault, Mary E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Boston, MA 02131 USA. [Londhe, Rucha] Goodman Res Grp, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Reinfeld, EL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Boston, MA 02131 USA. FU National Science Foundation ISE [DRL-0638963]; National Aeronatics and Space Administration FX Black Holes: Space Warps & Time Twists was created under National Science Foundation ISE grant DRL-0638963, with additional support from the National Aeronatics and Space Administration. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-766-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 443 BP 299 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BAH68 UT WOS:000304180400060 ER PT J AU Asner, GP Martin, RE Tupayachi, R Emerson, R Martinez, P Sinca, F Powell, GVN Wright, SJ Lugo, AE AF Asner, Gregory P. Martin, Roberta E. Tupayachi, Raul Emerson, Ruth Martinez, Paola Sinca, Felipe Powell, George V. N. Wright, S. Joseph Lugo, Ariel E. TI Taxonomy and remote sensing of leaf mass per area (LMA) in humid tropical forests SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE canopy chemistry; imaging spectroscopy; leaf mass per area, LMA; leaf traits; phylogenetics; rain forest; remote sensing; specific leaf area, SLA; taxonomy ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODELS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES MODEL; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; DIVERSITY; GRADIENTS; CANOPY; REFLECTANCE; PROSPECT; NITROGEN; TRAITS AB Leaf mass per area (LMA) is a trait of central importance to plant physiology and ecosystem function, but LMA patterns in the upper canopies of humid tropical forests have proved elusive due to tall species and high diversity. We collected top-of-canopy leaf samples from 2873 individuals in 57 sites spread across the Neotropics, Australasia, and Caribbean and Pacific Islands to quantify environmental and taxonomic drivers of LMA variation, and to advance remote-sensing measures of LMA. We uncovered strong taxonomic organization of LMA, with species accounting for 70% of the global variance and up to 62% of the variation within a forest stand. Climate, growth habit, and site conditions are secondary contributors (1-23%) to the observed LMA patterns. Intraspecific variation in LMA averages 16%, which is a fraction of the variation observed between species. We then used spectroscopic remote sensing (400-2500 nm) to estimate LMA with an absolute uncertainty of 14-15 g/m(2) (r(2) = 2 0.85), or similar to 10% of the global mean. With radiative transfer modeling, we demonstrated the scalability of spectroscopic remote sensing of LMA to the canopy level. Our study indicates that remotely sensed patterns of LMA will be driven by taxonomic variation against a backdrop of environmental controls expressed at site and regional levels. C1 [Asner, Gregory P.; Martin, Roberta E.; Tupayachi, Raul; Emerson, Ruth; Martinez, Paola; Sinca, Felipe] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Powell, George V. N.] World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Wright, S. Joseph] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Lugo, Ariel E.] Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. RP Asner, GP (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gpa@stanford.edu RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676; Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 FU John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation FX We thank Carnegie, our collaborating organizations, and our volunteers for assistance with field, laboratory, and logistical steps to develop the data sets. Special thanks go to C. Anderson, L. Carranza, J. Ccoycosi, J. A. Escudero, A. Ford, M. Houcheime, N. Jaramillo, C. Lamprecht, K. Ledesma, M. Papes, and P. Weiss. We thank three anonymous reviewers for a helpful critique of the manuscript. The Spectranomics Project < hhttp://spectranomics.ciw.edui > and this study are supported by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. NR 49 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 36 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 BP 85 EP 98 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 741FW UT WOS:000288850200009 PM 21516890 ER PT J AU Pizano, C Mangan, SA Herre, EA Eom, AH Dalling, JW AF Pizano, Camila Mangan, Scott A. Herre, Edward Allen Eom, Ahn-Heum Dalling, James W. TI Above- and belowground interactions drive habitat segregation between two cryptic species of tropical trees SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive speciation; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Barro Colorado Island; Panama; gaps; habitat differentiation; landslides; shadehouse experiment; soil microbial communities; Trema micrantha ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; RAIN-FOREST; SEEDLING GROWTH; HOST-SPECIFICITY; MOIST FOREST; SOIL; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; RESPONSES; FEEDBACK AB In the lowlands of central Panama, the Neotropical pioneer tree Trema micrantha (sensu lato) exists as two cryptic species: "landslide'' Trema is restricted to landslides and road embankments, while "gap'' Trema occurs mostly in treefall gaps. In this study, we explored the relative contributions of biotic interactions and physical factors to habitat segregation in T. micrantha. Field surveys showed that soils from landslides were significantly richer in available phosphorus and harbored distinct arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities compared to gap soils. Greenhouse experiments designed to determine the effect of these abiotic and biotic differences showed that: (1) both landslide and gap species performed better in sterilized soil from their own habitat, (2) the availability of phosphorus and nitrogen was limiting in gap and landslide soils, respectively, (3) a standardized AMF inoculum increased performance of both species, but primarily on gap soils, and (4) landslide and gap species performed better when sterilized soils were inoculated with the microbial inoculum from their own habitat. A field experiment confirmed that survival and growth of each species was highest in its corresponding habitat. This experiment also showed that browsing damage significantly decreased survival of gap Trema on landslides. We conclude that belowground interactions with soil microbes and aboveground interactions with herbivores contribute in fundamental ways to processes that may promote and reinforce adaptive speciation. C1 [Pizano, Camila; Mangan, Scott A.; Herre, Edward Allen; Dalling, James W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, APO, AA 34002 USA. [Pizano, Camila] Univ Los Andes, Dept Ciencias Biol, Bogota, DC, Colombia. [Mangan, Scott A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Eom, Ahn-Heum] Korea Natl Univ Educ, Dept Biol, Chungbuk 363791, South Korea. [Dalling, James W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Pizano, C (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM pizanoc@ufl.edu FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute [003109000-5]; Andrew Mellon Foundation; Mars Corporation FX We thank A. Morris, E. Sanchez, E. Lasso, D. Dvorett, A. Vincent, A. H. Hulbert, R. Cordero, and S. Bernal for assisting with the greenhouse experiments, and E. G. Leigh, P. D. Coley, T. Kursar, F. E Putz, and two anonymous reviewers for scientific inspiration and revisions of the manuscript. This study was funded by the Short-Term Fellowship program and the Soil Initiatives Fund (fund number 003109000-5) provided by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, the Andrew Mellon Foundation, and the Andrew Clapperton Fellowship from the Mars Corporation. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 40 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 92 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1890/09-1715.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 750MS UT WOS:000289552200007 PM 21560675 ER PT J AU Freestone, AL Osman, RW AF Freestone, Amy L. Osman, Richard W. TI Latitudinal variation in local interactions and regional enrichment shape patterns of marine community diversity SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem engineers; fouling communities; latitude; marine epifauna; predation; regional enrichment; species interactions; structural complexity; temperate; tropic ID SUBSTRATUM HETEROGENEITY; STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; CONSUMER PRESSURE; GRADIENTS; SCALES; ESTABLISHMENT; ASSEMBLAGES; ENVIRONMENT; COMPETITION AB While communities are shaped by both local interactions and enrichment from the regional species pool, we propose a hypothesis that the balance of these forces shifts with latitude, with regional enrichment dominating at high latitudes and local interactions dominating at low latitudes. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a latitudinal-scale experiment with marine epifaunal communities. In four regions of the North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, we used mimics of ecosystem engineers to manipulate biogenic structural complexity. We iteratively evaluated diversity patterns of experimental communities up to one year after deployment. Additional data were also collected from one of our tropical sites 2.5 years after initial deployment. As hypothesized, we found a reciprocal latitudinal gradient in the effects of the structurally complex mimics and regional enrichment. In the tropics, local diversity was always higher in association with the mimics than in exposed areas that were more open to predation. This effect was consistent across two spatial scales and beyond the one-year timescale of the experiment. In temperate communities, no consistent effects of the mimics on diversity were observed. However, the proportion of species from the regional species pool that were present at the local scale increased from the tropics to the temperate zone, consistent with the hypothesis that higher-latitude communities may experience greater influence from the regional species pool than communities at low latitudes. This study represents the first large-scale experimental demonstration that suggests that the relative impact of local interactions and regional enrichment on community diversity may depend on latitude. C1 [Freestone, Amy L.] Temple Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Freestone, Amy L.; Osman, Richard W.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Freestone, AL (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Biol, 1900 N 12th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM amy.freestone@temple.edu FU Smithsonian Institution; Marine Science Network Postdoctoral Fellowship Programs FX Funding was provided by the Smithsonian Institution and Marine Science Network Postdoctoral Fellowship Programs (A. Freestone) and grants program (R. Osman). We appreciate the insightful comments S. Harrison, H. Cornell, R. Russell, and an anonymous reviewer on previous versions of the manuscript. The null model approach employed here was greatly improved by a National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis working group on Gradients of Beta Diversity. We also thank G. Ruiz for support, and the staff at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, UConn Avery Point, VIMS Eastern Shore Lab, Smithsonian Marine Station, and the Smithsonian Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems Program for all of their assistance. In particular, we thank R. Whitlatch, S. Fate, and S. Reed. This is Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce Contribution No. 828 and Smithsonian Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems Program Contribution No. 886. NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 47 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 92 IS 1 BP 208 EP 217 DI 10.1890/09-1841.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 750MS UT WOS:000289552200023 PM 21560691 ER PT B AU Diaz, RJ Breitburg, DL AF Diaz, R. J. Breitburg, D. L. BE Farrell, AP TI The Expanding Hypoxic Environment SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF FISH PHYSIOLOGY: FROM GENOME TO ENVIRONMENT, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEAD ZONES; EUTROPHICATION C1 [Diaz, R. J.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Breitburg, D. L.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Diaz, RJ (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092323-9; 978-0-12-374545-3 PY 2011 BP 1746 EP 1750 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BFK29 UT WOS:000320225700214 ER PT J AU Bonachea, LA Ryan, MJ AF Bonachea, Luis A. Ryan, Michael J. TI Localization Error and Search Costs during Mate Choice in Tungara Frogs, Physalaemus pustulosus SO ETHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREDATION RISK; SEXUAL SELECTION; FEMALE; BEHAVIOR; ADVERTISEMENT; PREFERENCES; PERFORMANCE; COURTSHIP; DENSITY; ANURAN AB Search costs can have profound influences on female choice, causing females to become less choosy or sample less of the diversity of available mates. Predator foraging strategies, however, determine exactly how search time affects predator encounter rates. Ambush predators are more likely to be encountered by females traveling longer distances to evaluate males, but evaluation time is unlikely to influence encounter-rate with this type of predator. Actively searching predators, however, may be more likely to be encountered by females employing longer travel times and evaluation times. In this study, we examine the effects of perceived search costs on both temporal and spatial aspects of the search behavior of female tungara frogs, Physalaemus pustulosus. Females were collected from natural choruses and presented with conspecific calls at a distance of 50, 115, or 180 cm from their release point. Assays were conducted in either darkness or simulated full moon light levels. Longer starting distances caused longer choice latencies, but choice latency was considerably lowered under higher light conditions. Females spent considerably less time moving under higher light conditions; however, light levels did not affect path length. Females were more likely to leave the release point with more accurate orientation to the sound source under higher light conditions. We demonstrate that females can respond to perceived search costs by altering spatial and temporal aspects of female search behavior. The overall emphasis of females on reducing time spent moving and increasing movement speed indicates that predation by actively searching predators represents a stronger cost to females than ambush predators. C1 [Bonachea, Luis A.; Ryan, Michael J.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ryan, Michael J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Bonachea, LA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM lbonachea@mail.utexas.edu NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-1613 J9 ETHOLOGY JI Ethology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 117 IS 1 BP 56 EP 62 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2010.01843.x PG 7 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 692MD UT WOS:000285156000007 ER PT J AU Wester, S Mendieta-Leiva, G Nauheimer, L Wanek, W Kreft, H Zotz, G AF Wester, Stefan Mendieta-Leiva, Glenda Nauheimer, Lars Wanek, Wolfgang Kreft, Holger Zotz, Gerhard TI Physiological diversity and biogeography of vascular epiphytes at Rio Changuinola, Panama SO FLORA LA English DT Article DE Functional diversity; Crassulacean acid metabolism; Leaf nitrogen content; Lowland forest; Montane forest; Floristic composition ID CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM; MONTANE RAIN-FOREST; CLOUD FOREST; NONPARAMETRIC-ESTIMATION; VENEZUELAN ANDES; NEW-GUINEA; VEGETATION; ABUNDANCE; RICHNESS; AMAZONIA AB The taxonomic composition of the vascular epiphyte flora at the Rio Changuinola, Panama, was examined and complemented with an analysis of biogeographic affinities and physiological parameters related to plant water and nutrient relations. In an area of ca. 1000 ha, we found a total of 476 species of vascular epiphytes. This marks a new diversity record among lowland rainforest sites. Species composition was closely related to nearby lowland forest sites but not to montane sites. The floristic similarity with lowland sites decreased with distance and relative position towards the Andes. On basis of isotope discrimination, the proportion of species with Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) was found to be low compared to other studies, and many of these species showed a rather weak expression of this photosynthetic pathway. This observation and distributional shifts in 15% of the species in the study area towards lower elevations suggest that local water availability is high which in turn is arguably responsible for the high species richness. (C) 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Wester, Stefan; Mendieta-Leiva, Glenda; Zotz, Gerhard] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Res Grp Funct Ecol Plants, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. [Mendieta-Leiva, Glenda; Zotz, Gerhard] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Wanek, Wolfgang] Univ Vienna, Dept Chem Ecol & Ecosyst Res, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Kreft, Holger] Univ Gottingen, Biodivers Macroecol & Conservat Biogeog Grp, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Nauheimer, Lars] Univ Munich, D-80638 Munich, Germany. RP Zotz, G (reprint author), Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Res Grp Funct Ecol Plants, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. EM gerhard.zotz@uni-oldenburg.de RI Wanek, Wolfgang/E-7001-2012; Kreft, Holger/A-4736-2008; OI Wanek, Wolfgang/0000-0003-2178-8258; Kreft, Holger/0000-0003-4471-8236; Mendieta-Leiva, Glenda/0000-0002-0156-4153 FU AES Corporation FX We want to thank the Republic of Panama for collecting permit and export permit of tissue samples. This study would not have been possible without the financial support of the AES Corporation. Further, we thank Empresa de Transmision Electrica S.A. (ETESA) for providing us with their climate data. We thank Katrin Wagner and Helena Einzmann for their assistance in the field. Valuable support in identifying species was provided by T.B. Croat, S. Dalstrom, E. Hagsater, C. Luer, H.E. Luther, and R.C. Moran. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0367-2530 J9 FLORA JI Flora PY 2011 VL 206 IS 1 BP 66 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.flora.2010.01.011 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 719BP UT WOS:000287174600007 ER PT J AU Winter, K Holtum, JAM AF Winter, Klaus Holtum, Joseph A. M. TI Induction and reversal of crassulacean acid metabolism in Calandrinia polyandra: effects of soil moisture and nutrients SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE constitutive CAM; Parakeelya; Portulacaceae ID CARBON-ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; MESEMBRYANTHEMUM-CRYSTALLINUM; C-3 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MONTIOPSIS PORTULACACEAE; FAMILY PORTULACACEAE; CAM PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SUCCULENT PLANTS; CLUSIA-UVITANA; CO2 EXCHANGE; WATER AB Calandrinia polyandra Benth. (Montiaceae), an annual succulent herb endemic to Australia, is an exemplary facultative crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant as demonstrated by continuous whole-plant lifetime CO2 exchange measurements under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Reduced soil water availability induced a shift from solely daytime CO2 fixation to dark CO2 fixation. The shift from C-3 photosynthesis to CAM was reversible either upon rewatering alone, or upon a combination of rewatering and addition of nutrients. These observations highlight the role of edaphic conditions in controlling CAM expression in a plant that has the option of fixing CO2 either during the day or during the night, providing further evidence that this extreme form of photosynthetic plasticity is primarily controlled by the environment rather than plant ontogeny. The stimulating effect of soil nutrients on CO2 fixation in the light and its negative effect on dark CO2 fixation have not been described previously and deserve further attention. In the most widely used CAM model system, the halophytic Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., CAM is typically induced by high salinity, and some metabolic responses may be CAM-unrelated and related to salt stress per se. C. polyandra could be an excellent complementary system for studying the biochemical and molecular foundations of CAM because drought stress elicits a complete C-3 to CAM transition. C1 [Winter, Klaus] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Holtum, Joseph A. M.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Winter, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, POB 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM winterk@si.edu RI Holtum, Joseph/B-3063-2012; Research ID, CTBCC /O-3564-2014 OI Holtum, Joseph/0000-0001-6568-8019; FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; JCU FX This research was supported by funds from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. JAMH was supported by the JCU Special Studies Program. We acknowledge the informed advice about Calandrinia polyandra and its habitats provided by Kingsley Dixon (Director, Science, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Perth, WA) and Frank Obbens (Western Australian Herbarium, Perth, WA). NR 54 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 21 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2011 VL 38 IS 7 BP 576 EP 582 DI 10.1071/FP11028 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 790QI UT WOS:000292603900004 ER PT S AU Huchra, J AF Huchra, John BE Accomazzi, A TI Astronomical Publishing: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow SO FUTURE PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION IN ASTRONOMY II SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Colloquium on Future Professional Communication in Astronomy (FPCA II) CY APR 13-14, 2010 CL Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA SP Smithsonian Astrophys Observatory, Amer Astronom Soc, EDP Sci, Wiley-Blackwell, IOP Publish, Springer, Elsevier HO Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys ID PHYSICS; ENERGY AB Just in the last few years scientific publishing has moved rapidly away from the modes that served it well for over two centuries. As "digital natives" take over the field and rapid and open access comes to dominate the way we communicate, both scholarly journals and libraries need to adopt new business models to serve their communities. This is best done by identifying new "added value" such as databases, full text searching, full cross indexing while at the same time retaining the high quality of peer reviewed publication. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Huchra, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM huchra@cfa.harvard.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1570-6591 BN 978-1-4419-8368-8 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2011 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-8369-5_2 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BYS91 UT WOS:000300025000002 ER PT S AU Kurtz, MJ AF Kurtz, Michael J. BE Accomazzi, A TI The Emerging Scholarly Brain SO FUTURE PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION IN ASTRONOMY II SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Colloquium on Future Professional Communication in Astronomy (FPCA II) CY APR 13-14, 2010 CL Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA SP Smithsonian Astrophys Observatory, Amer Astronom Soc, EDP Sci, Wiley-Blackwell, IOP Publish, Springer, Elsevier HO Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys ID ASTROPHYSICS DATA SYSTEM; SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; COMPLEX NETWORKS; EIGENFACTOR; JOURNALS; IMPACT; MAPS AB It is now a commonplace observation that human society is becoming a coherent super-organism, and that the information infrastructure forms its emerging brain. Perhaps, as the underlying technologies are likely to become billions of times more powerful than those we have today, we could say that we are now building the lizard brain for the future organism. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kurtz, MJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kurtz@cfa.harvard.edu NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1570-6591 BN 978-1-4419-8368-8 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2011 BP 23 EP 35 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-8369-5_3 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BYS91 UT WOS:000300025000003 ER PT S AU Henneken, EA Kurtz, MJ Accomazzi, A Grant, C Thompson, D Bohlen, E Di Milia, G Luker, J Murray, SS AF Henneken, Edwin A. Kurtz, Michael J. Accomazzi, Alberto Grant, Carolyn Thompson, Donna Bohlen, Elizabeth Di Milia, Giovanni Luker, Jay Murray, Stephen S. BE Accomazzi, A TI Finding Your Literature Match - A Recommender System SO FUTURE PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION IN ASTRONOMY II SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Colloquium on Future Professional Communication in Astronomy (FPCA II) CY APR 13-14, 2010 CL Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA SP Smithsonian Astrophys Observatory, Amer Astronom Soc, EDP Sci, Wiley-Blackwell, IOP Publish, Springer, Elsevier HO Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys AB The universe of potentially interesting, searchable literature is expanding continuously. Besides the normal expansion, there is an additional influx of literature because of interdisciplinary boundaries becoming more and more diffuse. Hence, the need for accurate, efficient and intelligent search tools is bigger than ever. Even with a sophisticated search engine, looking for information can still result in overwhelming results. An overload of information has the intrinsic danger of scaring visitors away, and any organization, for-profit or not-for-profit, in the business of providing scholarly information wants to capture and keep the attention of its target audience. Publishers and search engine engineers alike will benefit from a service that is able to provide visitors with recommendations that closely meet their interests. Providing visitors with special deals, new options and highlights may be interesting to a certain degree, but what makes more sense (especially from a commercial point of view) than to let visitors do most of the work by the mere action of making choices? Hiring psychics is not an option, so a technological solution is needed to recommend items that a visitor is likely to be looking for. In this presentation we will introduce such a solution and argue that it is practically feasible to incorporate this approach into a useful addition to any information retrieval system with enough usage. C1 [Henneken, Edwin A.; Kurtz, Michael J.; Accomazzi, Alberto; Grant, Carolyn; Thompson, Donna; Bohlen, Elizabeth; Di Milia, Giovanni; Luker, Jay; Murray, Stephen S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Henneken, EA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ehenneken@cfa.harvard.edu; mkurtz@cfa.harvard.edu; aaccomazzi@cfa.harvard.edu; cgrant@cfa.harvard.edu; dthompson@cfa.harvard.edu; ebohlen@cfa.harvard.edu; gdimilia@cfa.harvard.edu; jluker@cfa.harvard.edu; smurray@cfa.harvard.edu; aaccomazzi@cfa.harvard.edu OI Grant, Carolyn/0000-0003-4424-7366; Luker, Jay/0000-0002-6240-3652; Thompson, Donna/0000-0001-6870-2365; Henneken, Edwin/0000-0003-4264-2450 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1570-6591 BN 978-1-4419-8368-8 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2011 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-8369-5_14 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BYS91 UT WOS:000300025000014 ER PT S AU Accomazzi, A AF Accomazzi, Alberto BE Accomazzi, A TI Linking Literature and Data: Status Report and Future Efforts SO FUTURE PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION IN ASTRONOMY II SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Colloquium on Future Professional Communication in Astronomy (FPCA II) CY APR 13-14, 2010 CL Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA SP Smithsonian Astrophys Observatory, Amer Astronom Soc, EDP Sci, Wiley-Blackwell, IOP Publish, Springer, Elsevier HO Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys AB In the current era of data-intensive science, it is increasingly important for researchers to be able to have access to published results, the supporting data, and the processes used to produce them. Six years ago, recognizing this need, the American Astronomical Society and the Astrophysics Data Centers Executive Committee (ADEC) sponsored an effort to facilitate the annotation and linking of datasets during the publishing process, with limited success. I will review the status of this effort and describe a new, more general one now being considered in the context of the Virtual Astronomical Observatory. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Accomazzi, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM aaccomazzi@cfa.harvard.edu; aaccomazzi@cfa.harvard.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1570-6591 BN 978-1-4419-8368-8 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2011 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-8369-5_15 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BYS91 UT WOS:000300025000015 ER PT S AU Kurtz, MJ AF Kurtz, Michael J. BE Accomazzi, A TI FPCA-II Concluding Remarks SO FUTURE PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION IN ASTRONOMY II SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Colloquium on Future Professional Communication in Astronomy (FPCA II) CY APR 13-14, 2010 CL Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA SP Smithsonian Astrophys Observatory, Amer Astronom Soc, EDP Sci, Wiley-Blackwell, IOP Publish, Springer, Elsevier HO Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kurtz, MJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kurtz@cfa.harvard.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1570-6591 BN 978-1-4419-8368-8 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2011 BP 143 EP 146 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-8369-5_16 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BYS91 UT WOS:000300025000016 ER PT B AU Zhao, JH Blundell, R Moran, JM Downes, D Schuster, KF Marrone, D AF Zhao, Jun-Hui Blundell, Ray Moran, James M. Downes, D. Schuster, Karl F. Marrone, Dan BE Morris, MR Wang, QD Yuan, F TI The High-Density Ionized Gas in the Central Parsecs of the Galaxy SO GALACTIC CENTER: A WINDOW TO THE NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENT OF DISK GALAXIES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Galactic Center: A Window to the Nuclear Environment of Disk Galaxies CY OCT 19-23, 2009 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Sci Fdn China, Shanghai City Govt, US Natl Radio Astronom Observ ID GALACTIC-CENTER; VELOCITY-FIELD; STELLAR ORBITS; BLACK-HOLE; SAGITTARIUS; WEST; KINEMATICS; DYNAMICS AB We report the results from observations of H30 alpha line emission in Sgr A West with the Submillimeter Array at a resolution of 2 '' and a field of view of about 40 ''. The H30 alpha line is sensitive to the high-density ionized gas in the minispiral structure. We compare the velocity field obtained from H30 alpha line emission to a Keplerian model, and our results suggest that the supermassive black hole at Sgr A* dominates the dynamics of the ionized gas. However, we also detect significant deviations from Keplerian motion, which show that the impact of strong stellar winds from the massive stars along the ionized flows and the interaction between Northern and Eastern arms play significant roles in the local gas dynamics. C1 [Zhao, Jun-Hui; Blundell, Ray; Moran, James M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 78, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Downes, D.; Schuster, Karl F.] Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, St Etienne 38406, France. [Marrone, Dan] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Zhao, JH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 78, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-758-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 439 BP 27 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BVM50 UT WOS:000291890200005 ER PT B AU Perets, HB AF Perets, Hagai B. BE Morris, MR Wang, QD Yuan, F TI Dynamics and Origins of the Young Stars in the Galactic Center SO GALACTIC CENTER: A WINDOW TO THE NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENT OF DISK GALAXIES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Galactic Center: A Window to the Nuclear Environment of Disk Galaxies CY OCT 19-23, 2009 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Sci Fdn China, Shanghai City Govt, US Natl Radio Astronom Observ ID MASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; HYPERVELOCITY STARS; S-STARS; STELLAR ORBITS; ACCRETION DISK; CENTRAL PARSEC; A-ASTERISK; MILKY-WAY; SIMULATIONS; CLUSTERS AB The environment near the massive black hole (MBH) in the Galactic center is very hostile for star formation. Nevertheless, many young stars (both 0 and B stars) are observed close the MBH. The B-stars seems to have an isotropic, continuous distribution between 0.01 pc and up to a pc. The 0 stars, in contrast, seem to be distributed in a coherent disk like configuration, extending only between similar to 0.04 pc to similar to 0.5 pc. Our current understanding favors an in-situ formation origin for the more massive (O and Wolf-Rayet) stars, in gaseous disk and/or streams from an infalling gas clump. The B-stars seem to have a different origin, more likely through a dynamical capture, following binary disruption by the MBH. This scenario could also be able to explain the origin of hypervelocity stars in the Galactic halo. These and other possible origins of the young stars in the Galactic center are briefly reviewed and their possible observational signatures and constraints are detailed. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Perets, HB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-758-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 439 BP 172 EP 179 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BVM50 UT WOS:000291890200035 ER PT B AU Brown, WR AF Brown, Warren R. BE Morris, MR Wang, QD Yuan, F TI Hypervelocity Stars SO GALACTIC CENTER: A WINDOW TO THE NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENT OF DISK GALAXIES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Galactic Center: A Window to the Nuclear Environment of Disk Galaxies CY OCT 19-23, 2009 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Sci Fdn China, Shanghai City Govt, US Natl Radio Astronom Observ ID MASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; GALACTIC-CENTER; RUNAWAY STARS; MILKY-WAY; SDSS J090745.0+024507; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; STELLAR ENVIRONMENT; INITIAL BINARIES; YOUNG STARS AB Hypervelocity stars (HVSs) are stars escaping the Milky Way with speeds best explained by a slingshot from the Galaxy's central massive black hole. 3-body exchange interactions explain both the existence of HVS and the S-stars orbiting the black hole today. I discuss the growing observational and theoretical support for this picture, and highlight recent surprises, such as the anisotropic spatial distribution of HVSs. The distribution of HVSs is linked to the nature and environment of the Galactic Center. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Brown, WR (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-758-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 439 BP 246 EP 253 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BVM50 UT WOS:000291890200044 ER PT B AU Shcherbakov, RV Penna, RF AF Shcherbakov, Roman V. Penna, Robert F. BE Morris, MR Wang, QD Yuan, F TI Constraining the Accretion Flow in Sgr A* by GR Dynamical and Radiative Modeling SO GALACTIC CENTER: A WINDOW TO THE NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENT OF DISK GALAXIES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Galactic Center: A Window to the Nuclear Environment of Disk Galaxies CY OCT 19-23, 2009 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Sci Fdn China, Shanghai City Govt, US Natl Radio Astronom Observ ID SAGITTARIUS-A; POLARIZATION; EMISSION AB We present the combination of dynamical accretion model based on 3D GRMHD simulations and general relativistic (GR) polarized radiative transfer. We write down the formalism of and perform the GR ray-tracing of cyclo-synchrotron radiation through the model of accretion flow in Sagittarius A*. GR polarimetric imaging is presented as well as the results for spectrum for a probable set of spins and orientations. Precise fitting formulae for Faraday rotation and Faraday conversion coefficients are employed for thermal plasma. The axisymmetic flow pattern and the magnetic field geometry correspond to averaged 3D GRMHD simulations near the black hole, whereas the analytic model was used far from the black hole. The density scaling is found by fitting the sub-mm flux. Spin a = 0.7 and inclination angle theta = 0.6 produce the best fit to sub-mm flux and linear polarization fraction. C1 [Shcherbakov, Roman V.; Penna, Robert F.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Shcherbakov, RV (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-758-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 439 BP 372 EP 373 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BVM50 UT WOS:000291890200071 ER PT B AU Shcherbakov, RV Baganoff, FK AF Shcherbakov, Roman V. Baganoff, Frederick K. BE Morris, MR Wang, QD Yuan, F TI Inflow-Outflow Solution with Stellar Winds and Conduction near Sgr A* SO GALACTIC CENTER: A WINDOW TO THE NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENT OF DISK GALAXIES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Galactic Center: A Window to the Nuclear Environment of Disk Galaxies CY OCT 19-23, 2009 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Sci Fdn China, Shanghai City Govt, US Natl Radio Astronom Observ ID GALACTIC-CENTER; CENTRAL PARSEC; THERMAL CONDUCTION; ACCRETION FLOWS; HOT GAS; GALAXY; ORBITS; STARS; MODEL AB We propose a 2-temperature radial dynamical model of plasma flow near Sgr A* and fit the bremsstrahlung emission to extensive quiescent X-Ray Chandra data. The model extends from several arcseconds to black hole (BH) gravitational radius, describing the outer accretion flow together with the infalling region. The model incorporates electron heat conduction, relativistic heat capacity of particles and feeding by stellar winds. Stellar winds from each star are considered separately as sources of mass, momentum and energy. Self-consistent search for the stagnation and sonic points is performed. Most of gas is found to outflow from the region. The accretion rate is limited to below 1% of Bondi rate due to the effect of thermal conduction enhanced by entropy production in a turbulent flow. The X-Ray brightness profile proves too steep near the BH, thus a synchrotron self-Compton point source is inferred with luminosity L similar to 3 . 10(32) erg/s. We fit the sub-mm emission from the inner flow, thus aiming at a single model of Sgr A* accretion suitable at any radius. C1 [Shcherbakov, Roman V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Shcherbakov, RV (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-758-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 439 BP 374 EP 377 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BVM50 UT WOS:000291890200072 ER PT B AU Li, ZY AF Li, Zhiyuan BE Morris, MR Wang, QD Yuan, F TI The Circumnuclear Environment in M31 SO GALACTIC CENTER: A WINDOW TO THE NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENT OF DISK GALAXIES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Galactic Center: A Window to the Nuclear Environment of Disk Galaxies CY OCT 19-23, 2009 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Sci Fdn China, Shanghai City Govt, US Natl Radio Astronom Observ ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; X-RAY-EMISSION; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; ANDROMEDA GALAXY; IONIZED-GAS; STAR-FORMATION; RADIO-SOURCE; H-ALPHA; BULGE AB We present an observational overview of the circumnuclear environment in M31 and a tentative understanding of its regulation. Notes on selected open issues, as well as on a comparison with the Galactic Center and other extragalactic circumnuclear environments, are also presented. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Li, ZY (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-758-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 439 BP 468 EP 477 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BVM50 UT WOS:000291890200089 ER PT J AU Bernasconi, MP Stanley, JD AF Bernasconi, Maria Pia Stanley, Jean-Daniel TI Coastal Margin Evolution and Postulated "Basin-Shipyard" Area at Ancient Locri-Epizephiri, Calabria, Italy SO GEOARCHAEOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IONIAN CALABRIA; RECORD; HOLOCENE; SEA; HISTORY; APULIA; SHIFTS; ARC AB Environmental settings on the Ionian coastal plain and inner shelf seaward of Locri-Epizephiri in Calabria, Italy, differed markedly before, during, and following settlement by the Greeks. Sediment core analyses and geophysical surveys in this study support recent archaeological findings and the hypothesis that the margin may once have served as a harbor and/or shipyard. The subsurface Holocene stratigraphy records that (1) the shoreline advanced to a maximum landward position before Greek settlement, then regressed offshore to what is now the inner shelf before once again migrating landward. These marked coastal shifts were triggered primarily by land uplift and probable subsidence offshore along this structurally active Calabrian Arc segment. Associated with this are: (2) a sediment fining-upward sequence in Greek-Roman time that indicates only partial protection of the coastal area, and (3) possible presence of subsurface structures seaward of the city wall in a sector now positioned similar to 200 m offshore. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Bernasconi, Maria Pia] Univ Calabria, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-87030 Commenda Di Rende, Italy. [Stanley, Jean-Daniel] Smithsonian Inst, Geoarchaeol Program, NMNH E205, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Bernasconi, MP (reprint author), Univ Calabria, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-87030 Commenda Di Rende, Italy. EM bernasconi@unical.it FU university of Calabria; university of Messina FX We express our gratitude to staff of the Calabrian Antiquities Authority (Soprintendenza): Dr. C. Greco, for authorization to conduct research at the archaeological site, and Drs. C. Sabbione and M. T. Iannelli, for their archaeological advice and encouragement to pursue this study. We thank Dr. E. Scaglione for permission to carry out fieldwork on his property, and Dr. D. Elia, University of Turin, for providing mollusks collected in archaeological excavations at Locri. We are indebted to Eng. P. Mercuri, Lagic Laboratory, Montalto Uffugo, for successful recovery of cores and geophysical surveys on land; to Eng. F. Perdichizzi, University of Messina, for the topographic survey; and to Drs. F. Scarciglia, C. Caruso, and M. Davoli, University of Calabria, respectively, for constructive discussions on soil formation, laboratory assistance with core samples, and SEM photographs and microanalyses. Drs. C. Bernhardt and F. Scarciglia kindly reviewed an earlier version of this article and provided useful suggestions; we also thank Dr. C. Morhange and an anonymous reviewer of the journal who helped improve the manuscript with their constructive comments. Funding for field work was provided by the universities of Calabria ( M. P. B.) and Messina (Dr. G. Randazzo), and for radiocarbon dates and travel to Washington by the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (J.-D.S.). NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0883-6353 J9 GEOARCHAEOLOGY JI Geoarchaeology PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 26 IS 1 BP 33 EP 60 DI 10.1002/gea.20341 PG 28 WC Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Archaeology; Geology GA 694QB UT WOS:000285311600003 ER PT J AU Power, ML Schulkin, J AF Power, Michael L. Schulkin, Jay BE Preedy, VR Watson, RR Martin, CR TI Anticipatory Physiological Regulation in Feeding Biology SO HANDBOOK OF BEHAVIOR, FOOD AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GASTRIC-ACID-SECRETION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PLASMA GHRELIN LEVELS; ACUTE ISCHEMIC-STROKE; FOOD-INTAKE; CEPHALIC-PHASE; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; INSULIN-SECRETION; ARCUATE NUCLEUS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE C1 [Power, Michael L.] Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Res Dept, Washington, DC 20090 USA. [Power, Michael L.; Schulkin, Jay] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat Ecol Ctr, Nutr Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Power, ML (reprint author), Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Res Dept, Washington, DC 20090 USA. EM powerm@si.edu NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-92270-6 PY 2011 BP 829 EP 844 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_55 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3 PG 16 WC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BDE45 UT WOS:000312946600057 ER PT J AU Haggis, DC Scarry, CM Mook, MS Snyder, LM Fitzsimons, RD West, WC AF Haggis, Donald C. Scarry, C. Margaret Mook, Margaret S. Snyder, Lynn M. Fitzsimons, Rodney D. West, William C., III TI EXCAVATIONS IN THE ARCHAIC CIVIC BUILDINGS AT AZORIA IN 2005-2006 SO HESPERIA LA English DT Article ID HELLENISTIC GREECE; PART 1; CRETE; REMAINS; KAVOUSI AB Continuing excavation on the South Acropolis at Azoria in northeastern Crete has exposed buildings of Archaic date (7th-early 5th century B.C.) that served communal or public functions. Work conducted in 2005 and 2006 completed the exploration of Late Archaic levels within the Communal Dining Building ( putative andreion complex), the Monumental Civic Building, and the adjacent Service Building. These contexts and their assemblages, especially the animal and plant remains, permit the characterization of diverse dining practices and the interpretation of patterns of food production and consumption. Both the Communal Dining Building and the Monumental Civic Building show extensive evidence of communal feasting and the integration of cult. C1 [Haggis, Donald C.; West, William C., III] Univ N Carolina, Dept Class, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Scarry, C. Margaret] Univ N Carolina, Dept Anthropol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Mook, Margaret S.] Iowa State Univ, Class Studies Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Snyder, Lynn M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Fitzsimons, Rodney D.] Trent Univ, Dept Ancient Hist & Class, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. RP Haggis, DC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Class, 212 Murphey Hall,CB 3145, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM dchaggis@email.unc.edu; scarry@email.unc.edu; msmook@iastate.edu; snyder.lynn@comcast.net; rodneyfitzsimons@trentu.ca; wwest@email.unc.edu NR 106 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS PI PRINCETON PA 6-8 CHARLTON STREET, PRINCETON, NJ 08540-5232 USA SN 0018-098X J9 HESPERIA JI Hesperia PY 2011 VL 80 IS 1 BP 1 EP 70 PG 70 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 765DD UT WOS:000290682700001 ER PT J AU Deutsch, JI AF Deutsch, James I. TI Hollywood Lighting: from the silent era to film noir SO HISTORICAL JOURNAL OF FILM RADIO AND TELEVISION LA English DT Book Review C1 [Deutsch, James I.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Deutsch, JI (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0143-9685 J9 HIST J FILM RADIO TV JI Hist. J. Film Radio Telev. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 2 BP 317 EP 318 AR PII 938256935 DI 10.1080/01439685.2011.574451 PG 2 WC Film, Radio, Television SC Film, Radio & Television GA 773JI UT WOS:000291302500027 ER PT J AU Collins, M AF Collins, Martin TI Special Issue: Infrastructural Europeanism, or the Project of Building Europe on Infrastructures SO HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Collins, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0734-1512 J9 HIST TECHNOL JI Hist. Technol. PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 SI SI BP 243 EP 243 DI 10.1080/07341512.2011.619332 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 884KU UT WOS:000299704800001 ER PT J AU Collins, M AF Collins, Martin TI Untitled SO HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Collins, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0734-1512 J9 HIST TECHNOL JI Hist. Technol. PY 2011 VL 27 IS 4 BP 389 EP 389 DI 10.1080/07341512.2011.640770 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 884KZ UT WOS:000299705300001 ER PT S AU Winter, FH AF Winter, Frank H. BE Skoog, AI TI The Silent Revolution: How R. H. Goddard Helped Start the Space Age SO HISTORY OF ROCKETRY AND ASTRONAUTICS SE AAS History Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th International-Academy-of-Astronautics Symposium on History of Astronautics CY OCT 04-08, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Int Acad Astronaut C1 [Winter, Frank H.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Rocketry, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 231 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 0730-3564 BN 978-0-87703-568-8; 978-0-87703-567-1 J9 AAS HIST SER PY 2011 VL 35 BP 3 EP 54 PG 52 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BBY50 UT WOS:000308767700001 ER PT S AU Launius, RD AF Launius, Roger D. BE Skoog, AI TI Heroes in a Vacuum: The Apollo Astronaut as Cultural Icon SO HISTORY OF ROCKETRY AND ASTRONAUTICS SE AAS History Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th International-Academy-of-Astronautics Symposium on History of Astronautics CY OCT 04-08, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Int Acad Astronaut C1 [Launius, Roger D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Div Space Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 0730-3564 BN 978-0-87703-568-8; 978-0-87703-567-1 J9 AAS HIST SER PY 2011 VL 35 BP 107 EP 132 PG 26 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BBY50 UT WOS:000308767700005 ER PT S AU Launius, RD AF Launius, Roger D. BE Skoog, AI TI Space Stations: Base Camps to the Stars SO HISTORY OF ROCKETRY AND ASTRONAUTICS SE AAS History Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th International-Academy-of-Astronautics Symposium on History of Astronautics CY OCT 04-08, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Int Acad Astronaut C1 [Launius, Roger D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Div Space Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 0730-3564 BN 978-0-87703-568-8; 978-0-87703-567-1 J9 AAS HIST SER PY 2011 VL 35 BP 421 EP 445 PG 25 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BBY50 UT WOS:000308767700023 ER PT B AU Rick, TC Braje, TJ DeLong, RL AF Rick, Torben C. Braje, Todd J. DeLong, Robert L. BE Braje, TJ Rick, TC TI People, Pinnipeds, and Sea Otters of the Northeast Pacific SO HUMAN IMPACTS ON SEALS, SEA LIONS, AND SEA OTTERS: INTEGRATING ARCHAEOLOGY AND ECOLOGY IN THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GUADALUPE FUR SEALS; SHIFTING BASE-LINE; ARCTOCEPHALUS-TOWNSENDI; ELEPHANT SEAL; POPULATION BOTTLENECK; FORAGING EFFICIENCY; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CALIFORNIA COAST; MARINE MAMMALS; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS C1 [Rick, Torben C.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Braje, Todd J.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [DeLong, Robert L.] Alaska Fisheries Serv Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Rick, TC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM rickt@si.edu; tbraje@mail.sdsu.edu; Robert.Delong@noaa.gov NR 93 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-94897-6; 978-0-520-26726-8 PY 2011 BP 1 EP 17 D2 10.1525/california/9780520267268.001.0001 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BXD93 UT WOS:000295836900001 ER PT J AU Braje, TJ Rick, TC DeLong, RL Erlandson, JM AF Braje, Todd J. Rick, Torben C. DeLong, Robert L. Erlandson, Jon M. BE Braje, TJ Rick, TC TI Resilience and Reorganization ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORICAL ECOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA CHANNEL ISLAND MARINE MAMMALS SO HUMAN IMPACTS ON SEALS, SEA LIONS, AND SEA OTTERS: INTEGRATING ARCHAEOLOGY AND ECOLOGY IN THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SAN-CLEMENTE ISLAND; SHIFTING BASE-LINE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MARITIME ADAPTATIONS; CATALINA ISLAND; NORTH-AMERICA; MIGUEL ISLAND; EVOLUTION; FISHERIES; COAST C1 [Braje, Todd J.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [DeLong, Robert L.] Alaska Fisheries Serv Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Erlandson, Jon M.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Rick, Torben C.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Braje, TJ (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM tbraje@mail.sdsu.edu; rickt@si.edu; Robert.Delong@noaa.gov; jerland@uoregon.edu; tbraje@mail.sdsu.edu; rickt@si.edu OI Erlandson, Jon/0000-0002-4705-4319 NR 94 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 20 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-94897-6 PY 2011 BP 273 EP 296 D2 10.1525/california/9780520267268.001.0001 PG 24 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BXD93 UT WOS:000295836900012 ER PT J AU Braje, TJ Rick, TC AF Braje, Todd J. Rick, Torben C. BE Braje, TJ Rick, TC TI Perspectives from the Past ARCHAEOLOGY, HISTORICAL ECOLOGY, AND NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC PINNIPEDS AND SEA OTTERS SO HUMAN IMPACTS ON SEALS, SEA LIONS, AND SEA OTTERS: INTEGRATING ARCHAEOLOGY AND ECOLOGY IN THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SHIFTING BASE-LINE; NORTHERN FUR SEALS; MARINE RESERVES; FISHERIES; CALIFORNIA; OCEAN; ECOSYSTEMS; EVOLUTION; IMPACTS; RECORD C1 [Braje, Todd J.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Rick, Torben C.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Braje, TJ (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM tbraje@mail.sdsu.edu; rickt@si.edu; tbraje@mail.sdsu.edu; rickt@si.edu NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-94897-6 PY 2011 BP 297 EP 308 D2 10.1525/california/9780520267268.001.0001 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BXD93 UT WOS:000295836900013 ER PT B AU Ward, RB Miller, JL Sienkiewicz, F Antonucci, P AF Ward, R. Bruce Miller, Jaimie L. Sienkiewicz, Frank Antonucci, Paul BE Callaos, N Carrasquero, JV Fuentes, JM Tremante, A Welsch, F TI ITEAMS: Increasing the Self-Identification for Girls and Underserved Youth in Pursuing STEM Careers SO IMSCI'11: THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SOCIETY, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Multi-Conference on Society, Cybernetics and Information (IMSCI 2011) CY JUL 19-22, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & Syst DE STEM Careers; Career Interest; Technology Education; Out-of-School-Time; Robotic Telescopes; Online Assessment ID PARTICIPATION AB We report early findings on the efficacy of a technology based project in increasing self-identification for girls and underserved youth to self-select STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers. ITEAMS (Innovative Technology-Enabled Astronomy for Middle Schools) - an out-of-school-time program with online, robotic telescopes as its central focus targets girls and minority students underrepresented in STEM-related vocations. The participating students attend urban schools in Eastern Massachusetts. ITEAMS' twofold goal is to: a) provide inspiration for the participants to pursue STEM careers, and b) increase the students' mastery of foundational subject matter so they are prepared for the rigor of further STEM study. We use an online system for surveys and assessments, the former to capture attitudinal changes about career choices, and the latter to assess the students' subject matter knowledge. Participating students take pre-, intermediate, and post subject-matter tests and career-interest surveys. While we find statistically significant gains in subject matter knowledge free of gender, race, or school bias, we also find girls profess less interest than boys in STEM careers as early as grades five and six, although other attitudinal indicators suggest ways to reverse that trend. C1 [Ward, R. Bruce; Miller, Jaimie L.; Sienkiewicz, Frank; Antonucci, Paul] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-936338-33-7 PY 2011 BP 218 EP 222 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG8PC UT WOS:000392562600044 ER PT S AU Jha, S Bacon, CM Philpott, SM Rice, RA Mendez, VE Laderach, P AF Jha, Shalene Bacon, Christopher M. Philpott, Stacy M. Rice, Robert A. Mendez, V. Ernesto Laederach, Peter BE Campbell, WB Ortiz, SL TI A Review of Ecosystem Services, Farmer Livelihoods, and Value Chains in Shade Coffee Agroecosystems SO INTEGRATING AGRICULTURE, CONSERVATION AND ECOTOURISM: EXAMPLES FROM THE FIELD SE Issues in Agroecology-Present Status and Future Prospectus LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID WESTERN EL-SALVADOR; FAIR-TRADE; BERRY BORER; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; TROPICAL AGROECOSYSTEMS; AGROFORESTRY MANAGEMENT; CENTRAL-AMERICA; CARBON STOCKS; LAND-USE; AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION AB Cultivation, processing, and consumption of coffee are dynamic processes that connect coffee farmers and agro-ecosystems with coffee drinkers spanning the globe. As a cash crop, coffee cultivation gained popularity in the Old and then the New world, and flourished under colonial regimes of the nineteenth and twentieth century. Coffee production patterns and management styles have changed drastically in the past two centuries and continue to shift, with the greatest recent expansions in East Asia. Traditionally, coffee is cultivated under a canopy of shade trees, a practice that ensures the longevity of the farm, supports biodiversity, and provides communities with a broad array of ecosystem services. However, many modern management schemes abandon shade practices. On the other hand, specialty coffee markets, like certified organic, certified shade (Bird Friendly), Fair Trade, and other certified coffees have gained recent popularity, though they still represent a small fraction of the global coffee economy. The global coffee economy is comprised of a wide array of coffee value chains that connect farmers with consumers, and thus impact farmer livelihoods at multiple spatial scales. Key players in the coffee value chain include local cooperatives, national government agencies, and global certification agencies. Similarly, ecosystem services provided by shade coffee occur at local, regional, and global scales, including pollination, erosion-control, and carbon sequestration, respectively. While the ecological and socio-economic costs and benefits associated with shade coffee are clear, this review reveals that there are many challenges to bridging sustainable coffee management with livelihood security. Furthermore, in this review we identify existing gaps in the literature and a number of promising research directions concerning the ecological and socio-economic impacts of coffee production. C1 [Jha, Shalene] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bacon, Christopher M.] Santa Clara Univ, Inst Environm Studies, Santa Clara, CA 95050 USA. [Philpott, Stacy M.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Rice, Robert A.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Mendez, V. Ernesto] Univ Vermont, Environm Program, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. [Mendez, V. Ernesto] Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. [Laederach, Peter] Ctr Int Agr Trop, Cali, Colombia. RP Jha, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 54 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM s.jha@berkeley.edu; CBacon@scu.edu; stacy.philpott@utoledo.edu; ricer@si.edu; emendez@uvm.edu; p.laderach@cgiar.org RI Philpott, Stacy/F-2330-2011; OI Laderach, Peter/0000-0001-8708-6318 NR 229 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 65 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2211-2405 BN 978-94-007-1308-6 J9 ISS AGROECOL PRES PY 2011 VL 1 BP 141 EP 208 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1309-3_4 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1309-3 PG 68 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BVV51 UT WOS:000292895300004 ER PT J AU Wallenius, T Larjavaara, M Heikkinen, J Shibistova, O AF Wallenius, Tuomo Larjavaara, Markku Heikkinen, Juha Shibistova, Olga TI Declining fires in Larix-dominated forests in northern Irkutsk district SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE dendrochronology; fire cycle; fire history; fire scar; forest dynamics; human influence; Larix gmelinii; natural; permafrost region; Pinus sylvestris; Siberia ID BOREAL FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FREQUENCY; HISTORY; RUSSIA; LANDSCAPE; WILDFIRE; REGIMES; SITE AB To study the poorly known fire history of Larix-dominated forest in central Siberia, we collected samples from 200 trees in 46 systematically located study plots. Our study area stretches similar to 90 km from north to south along the River Nizhnyaya Tunguska in northern Irkustk district. Cross-dated tree-ring chronology for all samples combined extended from the year 1360 AD to the present and included 76 fire years and 88 separate fire events. Average fire cycle gradually lengthened from 52 years in the 18th century to 164 years in the 20th century. During the same time, the number of recorded fires decreased even more steeply, i.e. by more than 85%. Fires were more numerous but smaller in the past. Contrary to expectations, climate change in the 20th century has not resulted in increased forest fires in this region. Fire suppression may have contributed to the scarcity of fires since the 1950s. However, a significant decline in fires was evident earlier; therefore an additional explanation is required, a reduction in human-caused ignitions being likely in the light of historical accounts. C1 [Wallenius, Tuomo; Heikkinen, Juha] Finnish Forest Res Inst, Vantaa Res Unit, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland. [Larjavaara, Markku] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Shibistova, Olga] SB RAS, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. RP Wallenius, T (reprint author), Finnish Forest Res Inst, Vantaa Res Unit, POB 18, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland. EM tuomo.wallenius@metla.fi OI Larjavaara, Markku/0000-0002-3484-889X FU Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation [2003064]; Emil Aaltonen Foundation; Oskar Ofluds Stiftelse; Nordenskiolds Samfundet; Ulla Wallenius; Finnish Academy [121919] FX Aleksey Sadvordaev, Galina Zrazhevskaya, Toivo Haltia and Antti Lavikainen helped with the challenging arrangements and the field work. Oskar Ofluds Stiftelse, Nordenskiolds Samfundet and Ulla Wallenius funded the expedition to central Siberia. The Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation (grant number 2003064), Emil Aaltonen Foundation and Finnish Academy (grant number 121919) financed this long-duration study from field work to publication. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 248 EP 254 DI 10.1071/WF10020 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 741XP UT WOS:000288900600008 ER PT J AU Baeza, JA Diaz-Valdes, M AF Antonio Baeza, J. Diaz-Valdes, Marta TI The symbiotic shrimp Ascidonia flavomaculata lives solitarily in the tunicate Ascidia mentula: implications for its mating system SO INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE territoriality; solitary; host use; symbiosis; Caridea ID MATE-GUARDING HYPOTHESIS; SOCIAL MONOGAMY; SNAPPING SHRIMP; SEA-ANEMONE; LIFE-HISTORY; HOST CHARACTERISTICS; INACHUS-PHALANGIUM; PACIFIC COAST; CARIBBEAN SEA; PINNA-CARNEA AB Symbiotic crustaceans are expected to live solitarily with their hosts when members of their host species are small (relative to symbiont body size) and structurally simple. We tested the hypothesis of a solitary lifestyle in Ascidonia flavomaculata, a symbiotic shrimp that inhabits the branchial chamber of the relatively small and structurally simple tunicate Ascidia mentula in the subtidal zone of the Islas Baleares, Spain. We found that members of A. flavomaculata dwell as solitary individuals in the branchial chamber of ascidians at a higher frequency than expected by chance alone. Given this host use pattern of A. flavomaculata, we hypothesized that males actively move among host individuals in search of receptive females. We provide several lines of evidence consistent with that hypothesis. First, a positive correlation between shrimp and host body size was detected for females, but not for males, during one of the sampling seasons. If males as well as females spend long periods of time within their host individuals, a positive correlation between shrimp and host body size should have been found for both males and females. Second, the body sizes of individuals in the few male-female pairs observed during this study were poorly correlated. If males of A. flavomaculata shared their host individuals with females for long periods of time, a positive correlation between the sizes of males and females in a pair should have been found. Lastly, the body sizes of paired males were larger than those of solitary males during summer, when reproduction was more intense. This difference in body size between paired and solitary males additionally suggests competition among putatively roaming males for receptive females. Manipulative experiments and behavioral observations are necessary to reveal the details of the mating system of A. flavomaculata and other symbiotic crustaceans with a solitary lifestyle. C1 [Antonio Baeza, J.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23435 USA. [Antonio Baeza, J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Antonio Baeza, J.] Univ Catolica Norte, Dept Biol Marina, Fac Ciencias Mar, Coquimbo, Chile. [Diaz-Valdes, Marta] Univ Alicante, Dept Ciencias Mar & Biol Aplicada, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. RP Baeza, JA (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23435 USA. EM baezaa@si.edu OI Baeza, Juan Antonio/0000-0002-2573-6773 FU Smithsonian Marine Station (SMS); NOAA, Milford, CT FX JAB is grateful for the support from a Smithsonian Marine Station (SMS) Postdoctoral Fellowship. Dr. M. Soledad Fuentes at NOAA, Milford, CT, kindly provided access to statistical software and support. MDV wishes to thank the crew of the R/V Francisco de Paula Navarro and members of the research team led by Dr. E. Massuti from the Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia for their help during sampling. JAB and MDV sincerely thank Drs. Raymond T. Bauer, Charles H. J. M. Fransen, Bruno Pernet, and Martin Thiel, whose comments considerably improved the manuscript. This is contribution number 865 of the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. NR 55 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1077-8306 J9 INVERTEBR BIOL JI Invertebr. Biol. PY 2011 VL 130 IS 4 BP 351 EP 361 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2011.00244.x PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 860UX UT WOS:000297974500007 ER PT J AU Chamorro, ML Holzenthal, RW AF Chamorro, Maria Lourdes Holzenthal, Ralph W. TI Phylogeny of Polycentropodidae Ulmer, 1903 (Trichoptera: Annulipalpia: Psychomyioidea) inferred from larval, pupal and adult characters SO INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; caddisflies; classification; missing data; morphology; parsimony; systematics ID MISSING DATA; CADDISFLIES INSECTA; ACCURACY; AMBER; TAXA; PSEUDONEURECLIPSIS; HYDROPSYCHOIDEA; AUTAPOMORPHIES; EVOLUTION; INFERENCE AB Phylogeny of Polycentropodidae Ulmer is inferred based on data from immature and adult stages. Larval information is unknown for 61% of the taxa included in this study. To understand the effects of including characters with large sets of missing data, three alternative datasets were analysed using parsimony and Bayesian methods. Five outgroup taxa, including the four families in Psychomyioidea and the single family in Hydropsychoidea, were used in all datasets. Monophyly of Polycentropodidae, as currently defined, was rejected and the monophyly of the three largest cosmopolitan genera, Polycentropus, Polyplectropus and Nyctiophylax, was not confirmed. Monophyly of Pseudoneureclipsinae, including the genera Antillopsyche and Pseudoneureclipsis, was supported in all analyses. The placement of Pseudoneureclipsis within Dipseudopsidae was rejected. Monophyly of Kambaitipsychinae was supported, but its placement within Polycentropodidae was not confirmed. Analyses were sensitive to either inclusion or exclusion of characters from immature stages. Based on the results of these analyses, the following taxonomic changes are established: Kambaitipsychidae, stat. nov. and Pseudoneureclipsidae, stat. nov. are elevated to family status. North American Polycentropus species originally described in either Plectrocnemia or Holocentropus are returned to their original combinations and North American species described in Polycentropus post-1944 are transferred to either Holocentropus or Plectrocnemia. The following new or reinstated combinations are proposed: Plectrocnemia albipuncta Banks, comb. rev.; Plectrocnemia aureola Banks, comb. rev.; Plectrocnemia cinerea (Hagen), comb. rev.; Plectrocnemia clinei Milne, comb. rev.; Plectrocnemia crassicornis (Walker), comb. rev.; Plectrocnemia jenula (Denning) comb. nov.; Plectrocnemia icula (Ross), comb. nov.; Plectrocnemia nascotia (Ross), comb. nov.; Plectrocnemia remota (Banks), comb. rev.; Plectrocnemia sabulosa (Leonard & Leonard), comb. nov.; Plectrocnemia smithae (Denning), comb. nov.; Plectrocnemia vigilatrix Navas, comb. rev.; Plectrocnemia weedi (Blickle & Morse), comb. nov.; Holocentropus chellus (Denning), comb. nov.; Holocentropus flavus Banks, comb. nov.; Holocentropus glacialis Ross, comb. rev.; Holocentropus grellus Milne, comb. rev.; Holocentropus interruptus Banks, comb. rev.; Holocentropus melanae Ross, comb. rev.; Holocentropus milaca (Etnier), comb. nov.; and Holocentropus picicornis (Stephens), comb. rev. C1 [Chamorro, Maria Lourdes; Holzenthal, Ralph W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Chamorro, Maria Lourdes] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Chamorro, ML (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, 1980 Folwell Ave,219 Hodson Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM lourdes.chamorro@gmail.com FU University of Minnesota Graduate School; University of Minnesota Bell Museum of Natural History; University of Minnesota Institute for Global Studie; National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution; National Science Foundation [0117772] FX We sincerely thank several colleagues who donated or loaned material for this study: Dr Hans Malicky, Austria; Dr Trond Andersen, Norway; Dr Brian Smith, New Zealand; Dr Steve Moulton, USA; Mr David Ruiter, USA; and Dr Peter Lillywhite, Australia. We are especially appreciative of the assistance provided by Dr Oliver S. Flint, Jr., Emeritus Scientist, Dr Wayne Mathis and the late Ms Nancy Adams, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, for their generous help and support, particularly during the senior author's time as a Smithsonian graduate student fellow. The authors are very grateful for the useful editorial comments and suggestions on methods of analysis offered by Dr Leonard Ferrington, Dr Andrew Simons and Dr Susan Weller, all University of Minnesota and members of the senior author's graduate committee. We thank Dr Karl Kjer whose suggestions improved this manuscript. The senior author also extends her gratitude to Dr Alexander Konstantinov, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, NMNH, for his help with translation of Russian text, as well as for discussion on systematics and morphology. We are appreciative of the many useful discussions and camaraderie afforded by Dr Roger Blahnik, Dr Karl Kjer, Dr Desiree Robertson, Dr Fernando Munoz, Dr Henrique Paprocki, Dr Dave Houghton, Dr Aysha Prather, Dr Patina Mendez, Dr Steffen Pauls, Dr John Luhman, Ms Anne Wasmund, Dr Michelle DaCosta, Ms Robin Thomson and Dr Greg Setliff, all current or former members of University of Minnesota Insect Collection. Drs Keith Barker and Sharon Jansa provided invaluable assistance with the analytical component and we greatly appreciate their help. Ms Kristin Kuda did the illustrations of the Polyplectropus sp. larva. The senior author extends her most sincere gratitude to Dr Greg Rouse for valuable comments on this manuscript. We thank three anonymous reviewers and Professor Andy Austin (journal editor) for their time, thoughtful comments and suggestions on the manuscript. This research is in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Minnesota, of the senior author. Funding was received from the University of Minnesota Graduate School (Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship, Educational Opportunity Fellowship), the University of Minnesota Bell Museum of Natural History (Dayton-Wilkie Funds), the University of Minnesota Institute for Global Studies (Foreign Language Area Scholarship) and the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (Ten-Week Graduate Student Fellowship). This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0117772. NR 165 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-5226 EI 1447-2600 J9 INVERTEBR SYST JI Invertebr. Syst. PY 2011 VL 25 IS 3 BP 219 EP 253 DI 10.1071/IS10024 PG 35 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA 850BZ UT WOS:000297170700004 ER PT J AU Carrera-Parra, LF Fauchald, K Gambi, MC AF Carrera-Parra, L. F. Fauchald, K. Gambi, M. C. TI Revision of the taxonomic status of Lysidice (Polychaeta, Eunicidae) in the Western Caribbean Sea with observation on species reproductive features and habitat preference SO ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eunicidae; Lysidice; Caribbean Sea; reproduction; habitat preference ID MEDITERRANEAN SEA; POSIDONIA-OCEANICA; BORERS AB Although most of the Eunicidae (Polychaeta) of the Western Caribbean Sea appear to be well studied, the taxonomic status of Lysidice has yet to be evaluated. A first attempt to revise the taxonomy of this genus is here presented, based on material collected at Carrie Bow Cay (CBC, Belize), as well as at other sites along the Yucatan Peninsula, representing a variety of habitat types (coralline rock-coral rubbles, sponges, coralline sands, Thalassia testudinum meadows) and depths (0.5-20 m). The collected new taxa found were described and compared with literature description of other known species, as well as with museum specimens of the type-species of the genus, Lysidice ninetta Audouin & Milne Edwards, which has been confused with and synonymized with many Caribbean morphotypes of Lysidice. The analysis reveals the presence of five previously undescribed species of Lysidice: L. caribensis n. sp. and L. adrianae n. sp., preferentially associated with coralline rock; L. thalassicola n. sp. associated with Thalassia testudinum meadows, as a borer in the seagrass sheaths, and representing the only polychaete species strictly associated with Thalassia; lastly, L. carriebowensis n. sp. and L. phyllisae n. sp. are less common and collected only at CBC in association with coralline rock (coral rubble). Several specimens of the three more common new species, L. caribensis, L. thalassicola and L. adrianae were found mature, both males and females, with an epitokous transformation in which nearly two-thirds of the body is swollen and full of gametes, and with eyes extraordinarily enlarged. The ultrastrucure analysis of mature spermatozoa of L. caribensis and L. adrianae shows a typical ect-aquasperm structure. These show that Lysidice is a highly diversified genus in the Western Caribbean, with the different species showing clear habitat and geographic separation. C1 [Gambi, M. C.] Lab Funct & Evolutionary Ecol, Grp Benth Ecol Ischia, Stn Zool Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy. [Carrera-Parra, L. F.] Colegio frontera Sur, Dept Ecol Acuat, Chetmal, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Fauchald, K.] Smithsonian Inst Nat Hist, Washington, DC USA. RP Gambi, MC (reprint author), Lab Funct & Evolutionary Ecol, Grp Benth Ecol Ischia, Stn Zool Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy. EM gambimc@szn.it RI Gambi, Maria Cristina /L-8246-2014 OI Gambi, Maria Cristina /0000-0002-0168-776X FU Caribbean Coral Reef Ecology Program of the Smithsonian Institution; CNR (Italy)-CONACYT (Mexico); 'Taxonomia de poliquetos del Gran Caribe y evaluacion molecular de especies anfi-americanas (Annelida: Polychaeta)' by CONACYT [61609] FX We wish to thank Adriana Giangrande, Maria Alessandra Iannotta and Claudio Vasapollo for help in collecting material used for this study at Carrie Bow Cay and Puerto Morelos. Thanks are also due to Klaus Ruetzler, William Geoff Keel and Daniel Miller for support at Carrie Bow Cay, and to Brigit Van Tussenbroek for support at Puerto Morelos. The project was partially funded by the Caribbean Coral Reef Ecology Program of the Smithsonian Institution, and by a CNR (Italy)-CONACYT (Mexico) fellowship to MCG (2006-2008), and partially by the project 'Taxonomia de poliquetos del Gran Caribe y evaluacion molecular de especies anfi-americanas (Annelida: Polychaeta)' by CONACYT (61609). NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1125-0003 J9 ITAL J ZOOL JI Ital. J. Zoolog. PY 2011 VL 78 SU 1 SI SI BP 27 EP 40 DI 10.1080/11250003.2011.593850 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 869FC UT WOS:000298581400004 ER PT J AU Touchon, JC Warkentin, KM AF Touchon, Justin Charles Warkentin, Karen Michelle TI Thermally contingent plasticity: temperature alters expression of predator-induced colour and morphology in a Neotropical treefrog tadpole SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abiotic-biotic interaction; adaptive plasticity; anura; complex life cycle; Hyla ebraccata; interaction modification ID INDUCED PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; VARIANCE-COVARIANCE MATRICES; LIFE-HISTORY PLASTICITY; LARVAL ANURANS; CONSPECIFIC DENSITY; MEDIATED PLASTICITY; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; DRAGONFLY STRIKES; INDUCED DEFENSE; PREY DENSITY AB P>1. Behavioural, morphological and coloration plasticity are common responses of prey to predation risk. Theory predicts that prey should respond to the relative magnitude of risk, rather than a single level of response to any risk level. In addition to conspecific and predator densities, prey growth and differentiation rates affect the duration of vulnerability to size- and stage-limited predators and therefore the relative value of defences. 2. We reared tadpoles of the Neotropical treefrog Dendropsophus ebraccatus with or without cues from a predator (Belostoma sp.) in ecologically relevant warm or cool temperatures. To track phenotypic changes, we measured morphology, tail coloration and developmental stage at three points during the larval period. 3. Cues from predators interacted with growth conditions causing tadpoles to alter their phenotype, changing only tail colour in response to predators in warm water, but both morphology and colour in cool growth conditions. Tadpoles with predators in warm water altered coloration early but converged on the morphology of predator-free controls. Water temperature alone had no effect on tadpole phenotype. 4. We demonstrate that seemingly small variation in abiotic environmental conditions can alter the expression of phenotypic plasticity, consistent with predictions about how growth rate affects risk. Predator-induced tadpole phenotypes depended on temperature, with strong expression only in temperatures that slow development. Thermal modulation of plastic responses to predators may be broadly relevant to poikilotherm development. It is important to include a range of realistic growth conditions in experiments to more fully understand the ecological and evolutionary significance of plasticity. C1 [Touchon, Justin Charles; Warkentin, Karen Michelle] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Touchon, Justin Charles; Warkentin, Karen Michelle] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Touchon, JC (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Biol, 5 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM jtouchon@bu.edu FU NSF [IBN-0234439, DEB-0716923, DEB-0508811]; Boston University; STRI FX We thank the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) for laboratory space and logistical support. J. Christy, W. Wcislo and M. J. West-Eberhard advised the project. C. Schneider, M. McCoy, J. Vonesh, L. Rowe and four anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. We thank the Panamanian National Authority for the Environment (ANAM) for providing collection and research permits (SE/AP-8-06). This work was funded by the NSF (IBN-0234439, DEB-0716923 and DEB-0508811), Boston University, and STRI. NR 73 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 80 IS 1 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01765.x PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 691WD UT WOS:000285110600008 PM 20964684 ER PT J AU Handy, SM Deeds, JR Ivanova, NV Hebert, PDN Hanner, RH Ormos, A Weigt, LA Moore, MM Yancy, HF AF Handy, Sara M. Deeds, Jonathan R. Ivanova, Natalia V. Hebert, Paul D. N. Hanner, Robert H. Ormos, Andrea Weigt, Lee A. Moore, Michelle M. Yancy, Haile F. TI A Single-Laboratory Validated Method for the Generation of DNA Barcodes for the Identification of Fish for Regulatory Compliance SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC TREES; SEAFOOD; LIFE AB The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is responsible for ensuring that the nation's food supply is safe and accurately labeled. This task is particularly challenging in the case of seafood where a large variety of species are marketed, most of this commodity is imported, and processed product is difficult to identify using traditional morphological methods. Reliable species identification is critical for both foodborne illness investigations and for prevention of deceptive practices, such as those where species are intentionally mislabeled to circumvent import restrictions or for resale as species of higher value. New methods that allow accurate and rapid species identifications are needed, but any new methods to be used for regulatory compliance must be both standardized and adequately validated. "DNA barcoding" is a process by which species discriminations are achieved through the use of short, standardized gene fragments. For animals, a fragment (655 base pairs starting near the 5' end) of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene has been shown to provide reliable species level discrimination in most cases. We provide here a protocol with single-laboratory validation for the generation of DNA barcodes suitable for the identification of seafood products, specifically fish, in a manner that is suitable for FDA regulatory use. C1 [Handy, Sara M.; Deeds, Jonathan R.] US FDA, Off Regulatory Sci, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ivanova, Natalia V.; Hebert, Paul D. N.] Univ Guelph, Biodivers Inst Ontario, Canadian Ctr DNA Barcoding, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Hanner, Robert H.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Ormos, Andrea; Weigt, Lee A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Labs Analyt Biol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Moore, Michelle M.] US FDA, Off Regulatory Affairs, Pacific Reg Lab NW, Appl Technol Ctr, Bothell, WA 98021 USA. [Yancy, Haile F.] US FDA, Res Off, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Handy, SM (reprint author), US FDA, Off Regulatory Sci, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Sara.Handy@fda.hhs.gov RI Handy, Sara/C-6195-2008; Hebert, Paul/C-4161-2013 OI Hebert, Paul/0000-0002-3081-6700 FU Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Advanced Foods and Materials Network FX We would like to thank Karen Blickenstaff (FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine) for instruction and support on the ABI 3730 sequencer; Jeff Williams and Jerry Finan (Fish Division of NMNH) for fish authentication; Errol Strain (FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition) for his help with data analysis; and Yolanda Jones (FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine) for sample preparation. The pilot studies carried out at CCDB were supported by grants to P.D.N.H. from Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We also acknowledge the laboratory assistance of Heather Braid during pilot studies conducted in the Department of Integrative Biology at the University of Guelph, with grant support to R.H.H. from Advanced Foods and Materials Network. NR 32 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 33 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 94 IS 1 BP 201 EP 210 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 719QA UT WOS:000287222000024 PM 21391497 ER PT J AU Eisert, R AF Eisert, Regina TI Hypercarnivory and the brain: protein requirements of cats reconsidered SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Hypercarnivores; Allometry; Brain metabolism ID KETONE-BODY UTILIZATION; MINK MUSTELA-VISON; SKELETAL-MUSCLE GLYCOGEN; FELIS-SILVESTRIS-CATUS; LOW-CARBOHYDRATE DIETS; GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; NITROGEN-BALANCE; DOMESTIC CATS; ORGAN-WEIGHTS; AMINO-ACIDS AB The domestic hypercarnivores cat and mink have a higher protein requirement than other domestic mammals. This has been attributed to adaptation to a hypercarnivorous diet and subsequent loss of the ability to downregulate amino acid catabolism. A quantitative analysis of brain glucose requirements reveals that in cats on their natural diet, a significant proportion of protein must be diverted into gluconeogenesis to supply the brain. According to the model presented here, the high protein requirement of the domestic cat is the result of routing of amino acids into gluconeogenesis to supply the needs of the brain and other glucose-requiring tissues, resulting in oxidation of amino acid in excess of the rate predicted for a non-hypercarnivorous mammal of the same size. Thus, cats and other small hypercarnivores do not have a high protein requirement per se, but a high endogenous glucose demand that is met by obligatory amino acid-based gluconeogenesis. It is predicted that for hypercarnivorous mammals with the same degree of encephalisation, endogenous nitrogen losses increase with decreasing metabolic mass as a result of the allometric relationships of brain mass and brain metabolic rate with body mass, possibly imposing a lower limit for body mass in hypercarnivorous mammals. C1 [Eisert, Regina] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Eisert, Regina] Univ Canterbury, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RP Eisert, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM eisertr@si.edu FU National Science Foundation-Office of Polar [0538592] FX Much of the work on an earlier draft of this paper was done while I was a fellow at the Smithsonian National Zoological Park, and I thank J. Seidensticker for his encouragement and support of this endeavour. I also wish to thank S. Lumpkin and M. Power for commenting on an earlier version of the manuscript, and J. Noordhof and in particular O. Oftedal for critical discussions of the subject matter. I also thank my anonymous reviewers, D. Millward and especially G. Lobley for their time and constructive comments. This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs No. 0538592. NR 180 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0174-1578 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 181 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1007/s00360-010-0528-0 PG 17 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 708DI UT WOS:000286341400001 PM 21088842 ER PT J AU Camera, S Diaferio, A Cardone, VF AF Camera, Stefano Diaferio, Antonaldo Cardone, Vincenzo F. TI Testing a phenomenologically extended DGP model with upcoming weak lensing surveys SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE modified gravity; power spectrum; weak gravitational lensing; cosmological applications of theories with extra dimensions ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; DARK ENERGY; MODIFIED GRAVITY; POWER SPECTRA; COSMOLOGY; CONSTRAINTS; SUPERNOVAE; GALAXIES; DISCOVERIES AB A phenomenological extension of the well-known brane-world cosmology of Dvali, Gabadadze and Porrati (eDGP) has recently been proposed. In this model, a cosmological-constant-like term is explicitly present as a non-vanishing tension sigma on the brane, and an extra parameter alpha tunes the cross-over scale r(c), the scale at which higher dimensional gravity effects become non negligible. Since the Hubble parameter in this cosmology reproduces the same Lambda CDM expansion history, we study how upcoming weak lensing surveys, such as Euclid and DES (Dark Energy Survey), can confirm or rule out this class of models. We perform Monte CarloMarkov Chain simulations to determine the parameters of the model, using Type Ia Supernov, H(z) data, Gamma Ray Bursts and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations. We also fit the power spectrum of the temperature anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background to obtain the correct normalisation for the density perturbation power spectrum. Then, we compute the matter and the cosmic shear power spectra, both in the linear and non-linear regimes. The latter is calculated with the two different approaches of Hu and Sawicki (2007) (HS) and Khoury and Wyman (2009) (KW). With the eDGP parameters coming from the Markov Chains, KW reproduces the Lambda CDM matter power spectrum at both linear and nonlinear scales and the Lambda CDM and eDGP shear signals are degenerate. This result does not hold with the HS prescription. Indeed, Euclid can distinguish the eDGP model from Lambda CDM because their expected power spectra roughly differ by the 3 sigma uncertainty in the angular scale range 700 less than or similar to l less than or similar to 3000; on the contrary, the two models differ at most by the 1 sigma uncertainty over the range 500 less than or similar to l less than or similar to 3000 in the DES experiment and they are virtually indistinguishable. C1 [Camera, Stefano; Diaferio, Antonaldo] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen A Avogadro, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Camera, Stefano; Diaferio, Antonaldo] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Diaferio, Antonaldo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cardone, Vincenzo F.] Univ Molise, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Ambiente & Terr, I-86090 Pesche, IS, Italy. [Cardone, Vincenzo F.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. RP Camera, S (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen A Avogadro, Via P Giuria 1, I-10125 Turin, Italy. EM camera@ph.unito.it; diaferio@ph.unito.it; winnyenodrac@gmail.com RI Camera, Stefano/N-2456-2013 OI Camera, Stefano/0000-0003-3399-3574 FU INFN [PD51]; PRIN-MIUR FX We thank the referee for a careful reading of our manuscript and very insightful comments. SC and AD gratefully acknowledge partial support from the INFN grant PD51 and the PRIN-MIUR-2008 grant "Matter-antimatter asymmetry, dark matter and dark energy in the LHC Era." SC also wishes to thank Anthony Lewis for his support with the parameterised-post Friedmannian module for camb. NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 IS 1 AR 029 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2011/01/029 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 714IL UT WOS:000286802900029 ER PT J AU Dalling, JW Davis, AS Schutte, BJ Arnold, AE AF Dalling, James W. Davis, Adam S. Schutte, Brian J. Arnold, A. Elizabeth TI Seed survival in soil: interacting effects of predation, dormancy and the soil microbial community SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE physical dormancy; physiological dormancy; plant defence theory; plant-herbivore interactions; plant pathogens; seed-infecting fungi; seed persistence; soil seed bank ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; INCREASED COMPETITIVE ABILITY; ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI SEEDS; PARSNIP PASTINACA-SATIVA; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; CHEMICAL DEFENSE; EVOLUTIONARY ORIGINS; ANTIFUNGAL PROTEINS; INSECT HERBIVORY; PIONEER TREE AB P>1. Plant defence theory provides a robust framework for understanding interactions between plants and antagonists, and for interpreting broad patterns in the functional-trait composition of plant communities. However, this framework has been built almost entirely on traits expressed by seedlings and mature plants. 2. No equivalent seed defence theory exists that recognizes the distinct suite of natural enemies that seeds encounter, and the unique constraints to their response. Furthermore, most attention has been paid to insect and vertebrate seed predators active above ground, whereas microbes in soil also have large effects on seed survival, particularly for plants that recruit from soil seed banks. 3. We suggest that concurrent selection on seed dormancy and resistance to microbial antagonists should result in distinct seed defence syndromes. We predict that species with physical seed dormancy will rely on physical defences to exclude predators and pathogens, and rapid seed germination to escape pathogens at the emergence stage. In contrast, species with physiological seed dormancy will deploy a continuum of physical and chemical defences, depending on soil pathogen pressure and duration of seed persistence. Finally, seeds of some species persist in the soil in a non-dormant, imbibed state, and lack obvious chemical and physical defences. These seeds may be especially dependent upon protection from beneficial seed-inhabiting microbes. 4. Framing a general 'seed defence theory' may help to account for the distribution of seed dormancy types across ecosystems. We predict that physiological dormancy will be favoured in dry or well-drained environments where pathogen pressure is relatively low, germination cues are most unpredictable, and seedling recruitment success is most variable. In contrast, physical dormancy should be favoured in warm and moist environments where pathogen pressure is high, and where germination cues are a stronger predictor of recruitment success. Persistent, non-dormant seeds are restricted to relatively aseasonal environments where favourable conditions for recruitment can occur over most of the year. 5. Synthesis. Integrating seed defence and dormancy traits can provide new insights into selection on dormancy types, and will help elucidate major trends in seed ecology and evolution. Understanding how seeds are defended also may improve our ability to predict plant regeneration and help develop innovative management strategies for weedy and invasive species. C1 [Dalling, James W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dalling, James W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, Dpo, AA 34002 USA. [Davis, Adam S.; Schutte, Brian J.] ARS, USDA, Global Change & Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Arnold, A. Elizabeth] Univ Arizona, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Dalling, JW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM dalling@illinois.edu NR 84 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 16 U2 114 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 99 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01739.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 694MA UT WOS:000285301100011 ER PT J AU Goldbogen, JA Calambokidis, J Oleson, E Potvin, J Pyenson, ND Schorr, G Shadwick, RE AF Goldbogen, J. A. Calambokidis, J. Oleson, E. Potvin, J. Pyenson, N. D. Schorr, G. Shadwick, R. E. TI Mechanics, hydrodynamics and energetics of blue whale lunge feeding: efficiency dependence on krill density SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blue whale; diving; drag; energetics; filter feeding; foraging ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; FIN WHALES; MARINE MAMMALS; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; HUMPBACK WHALES; BALEEN WHALES; BALAENOPTERA-PHYSALUS; RORQUAL WHALES; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR AB Lunge feeding by rorqual whales (Balaenopteridae) is associated with a high energetic cost that decreases diving capacity, thereby limiting access to dense prey patches at depth. Despite this cost, rorquals exhibit high rates of lipid deposition and extremely large maximum body size. To address this paradox, we integrated kinematic data from digital tags with unsteady hydrodynamic models to estimate the energy budget for lunges and foraging dives of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus), the largest rorqual and living mammal. Our analysis suggests that, despite the large amount of mechanical work required to lunge feed, a large amount of prey and, therefore, energy is obtained during engulfment. Furthermore, we suggest that foraging efficiency for blue whales is significantly higher than for other marine mammals by nearly an order of magnitude, but only if lunges target extremely high densities of krill. The high predicted efficiency is attributed to the enhanced engulfment capacity, rapid filter rate and low mass-specific metabolic rate associated with large body size in blue whales. These results highlight the importance of high prey density, regardless of prey patch depth, for efficient bulk filter feeding in baleen whales and may explain some diel changes in foraging behavior in rorqual whales. C1 [Goldbogen, J. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Calambokidis, J.; Schorr, G.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Oleson, E.] NMFS NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Potvin, J.] St Louis Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Pyenson, N. D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Shadwick, R. E.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 124, Canada. RP Goldbogen, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jergold@ucsd.edu OI Goldbogen, Jeremy/0000-0002-4170-7294 FU United States Navy; NSERC; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of California; NSF; Smithsonian Institution FX Funding was provided by the United States Navy (SERDP Robert Holst, CNO-N45 Frank Stone, ONR Bob Gisiner) and NSERC to R.E.S. We thank J.A. Hildebrand for financial and logistical support related to the digital tags and tagging operations. J.A.G. was supported by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. N.D.P. is supported by funds from the University of California Museum of Paleontology Remington Kellogg Fund, an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, an NSERC Postdoctoral Research Fellowship and the Smithsonian Institution. We thank Donald Croll and Kelly Newton for providing the hydroacoustic prey map used in Fig. 2. NR 80 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 8 U2 57 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 214 IS 1 BP 131 EP 146 DI 10.1242/jeb.048157 PG 16 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 691OF UT WOS:000285090000023 PM 21147977 ER PT J AU Gilly, WF Richmond, TA Duda, TF Elliger, C Lebaric, Z Schulz, J Bingham, JP Sweedler, JV AF Gilly, W. F. Richmond, T. A. Duda, T. F., Jr. Elliger, C. Lebaric, Z. Schulz, J. Bingham, J. P. Sweedler, J. V. TI A diverse family of novel peptide toxins from an unusual cone snail, Conus californicus SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sodium channels; conotoxins; peptides; peptidomics ID GATED SODIUM-CHANNELS; GASTROPOD GENUS CONUS; FIBER LOBE NEURONS; MU-O-CONOTOXINS; VENOM PEPTIDES; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; MARINE GASTROPODS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; K+ CHANNEL AB Diversity among Conus toxins mirrors the high species diversity in the Indo-Pacific region, and evolution of both is thought to stem from feeding-niche specialization derived from intra-generic competition. This study focuses on Conus californicus, a phylogenetic outlier endemic to the temperate northeast Pacific. Essentially free of congeneric competitors, it preys on a wider variety of organisms than any other cone snail. Using molecular cloning of cDNAs and mass spectrometry, we examined peptides isolated from venom ducts to elucidate the sequences and post-translational modifications of two eight-cysteine toxins (cal12a and cal12b of type 12 framework) that block voltage-gated Na+ channels. Based on homology of leader sequence and mode of action, these toxins are related to the O-superfamily, but differ significantly from other members of that group. Six of the eight cysteine residues constitute the canonical framework of O-members, but two additional cysteine residues in the N-terminal region define an O+2 classification within the O-superfamily. Fifteen putative variants of Cal12.1 toxins have been identified by mRNAs that differ primarily in two short hypervariable regions and have been grouped into three subtypes (Cal12.1.1-3). This unique modular variation has not been described for other Conus toxins and suggests recombination as a diversity-generating mechanism. We propose that these toxin isoforms show specificity for similar molecular targets (Na+ channels) in the many species preyed on by C. californicus and that individualistic utilization of specific toxin isoforms may involve control of gene expression. C1 [Sweedler, J. V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bingham, J. P.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Schulz, J.] Occidental Coll, Dept Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA. [Duda, T. F., Jr.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Duda, T. F., Jr.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Duda, T. F., Jr.] Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Richmond, T. A.] Tabor Coll, Dept Chem, Hillsboro, KS 67063 USA. [Gilly, W. F.; Elliger, C.; Lebaric, Z.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Sweedler, JV (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, 1209 W Calif St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jsweedle@illinois.edu RI Sweedler, Jonathan/A-9405-2009 OI Sweedler, Jonathan/0000-0003-3107-9922 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [IBN-0131788-002]; National Institute On Drug Abuse (NIDA) [P30DA018310]; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) [5RO1NS031609] FX We thank Mike Morris, Eddie Kisfaludy, Charles Hanifin and Clayton Gilly for assistance with snail collection and Alex Norton for animal husbandry. The project described was supported the National Science Foundation (NSF) by grant no. IBN-0131788-002 to W.F.G. and by award no. P30DA018310 from the National Institute On Drug Abuse (NIDA) and award no. 5RO1NS031609 from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) to J.V.S. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NSF, NIDA, NINDS or the National Institutes of Health. Deposited in PMC for release after 12 months. NR 70 TC 17 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 17 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 214 IS 1 BP 147 EP 161 DI 10.1242/jeb.046086 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 691OF UT WOS:000285090000024 PM 21147978 ER PT J AU Huber, BT Lecke, RM AF Huber, Brian T. Lecke, R. Mark TI PLANKTIC FORAMINIFERAL SPECIES TURNOVER ACROSS DEEP-SEA APTIAN/ALBIAN BOUNDARY SECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STRONTIUM-ISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHY; SUBTROPICAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; ANOXIC EVENT 1B; BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS; DRILLING-PROJECT; TAXONOMIC REVISION; FALKLAND PLATEAU; ALBIAN STAGE; BLAKE NOSE; SEDIMENTS AB A major planktic foraminiferal species turnover accompanied by a dramatic reduction in shell size, a fundamental change in shell architecture, and a precipitous drop in the abundance of planktic relative to benthic species occurs across the Aptian/Albian boundary interval (AABI) at globally distributed deep-sea sections. Extinction of the large and distinctive planktic foraminifer Paraticinella eubejaouaensis, used to denote a level at or near the Aptian/Albian boundary, coincides with the extinctions of relatively long-ranging Aptian species of Hedbergella and Glohigerinelloides. At Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 511 (southern South Atlantic), which is the most complete and best preserved of the studied AAB1 sections, the Aptian assemblage is of low diversity and species are replaced by initially one and then two very small, smooth-surfaced, thin-walled species of Microhedbergella n. gen. The oldest species of this genus, Mi. miniglobularis n. sp., probably descended from Hedbergella praelippa n. sp. and is the nominate taxon for a new lowermost Albian interval zone and is considered ancestral to several small, gradually evolving microperforate species, including Mi. praeplanispira n. sp., Mi. pseudoplanispira n.sp., and Mi. pseudodelrioensis n. sp., which range into the middle and upper Albian. The small hedbergellids that characterize the Mi. miniglobularis Interval Zone at Site 511 have also been identified from samples taken just above the Kilian black shale level in the Vocontian Basin of southeast France. The Albian record at Site 511 reveals a gradual increase in planktic foraminifera shell size and assemblage dominance, as well as the gradual evolution during the middle Albian of species characterized by a finely perforate, pustulose test. Taxa with this shell infrastructure are included in Muricohedbergella n. gen. A new "Ticinella yezoana" Partial Range Zone is erected at Site 511 for correlation of the middle-upper Albian at high latitudes. At Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1049 (western North Atlantic), which also yields well-preserved foraminifera across the AABI, Aptian species of Hedbergella, Globigerinelloides, and Pseudoguembelitria blakenosensis n. gen., n. sp. are replaced by lower Albian assemblages composed only of two minute species of Microhedbergella. However, this boundary section is considered incomplete because of the absence of the Mi. miniglobularis Zone. A new upper lower Albian Ti. madecassiana Zone is defined at Site 1049 for the interval between the lowest occurrence (LO) of the nominate taxon and the LO of Ti. primula, the nominate species of the middle Albian Ti. primula Zone. The AABI at DSDP Site 545 (eastern North Atlantic) has a major unconformity spanning the uppermost Aptian through the upper Albian. A black shale sequence previously placed in the lower Albian and designated as Oceanic Anoxic Event 1b is now determined to be latest Aptian in age. The AAB1 at ODP Site 763 (southeast Indian Ocean) is also marked by an unconformity between the upper Aptian Pa. eubejouaensis Zone and the lower Albian Mi. rischi Zone. This site needs further study to resolve whether overlap of species from both zones is the result of downslope reworking or an exception to the pattern of abrupt species turnover observed at the other deep-sea sites. The dramatic changes in planktic foraminiferal assemblages across the AABI suggest major changes in carbonate chemistry, vertical stratification, or productivity in the surface mixed layer occurred during the last 1 myr of the Aptian. Understanding the cause or causes for these changes will require much further investigation. C1 [Huber, Brian T.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Lecke, R. Mark] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Huber, BT (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, 10th & Constitut Ave, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM huberb@si.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); management of IODP Management International, Inc.; BTH from the Smithsonian Institution; American Chemical Society FX This research used samples and data provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). IODP is sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and participating countries under the management of IODP Management International, Inc. We thank members of the Mesozoic Planktonic Foraminiferal Working Group and especially Maria Rose Petrizzo, Isabella Premoli Silva, and Atsushi Ando for many fruitful discussions and ideas. We also thank Isabella Premoli Silva, Michele Moullade, and Atsushi Ando for their very thorough and thoughtful reviews, Ken Finger for numerous helpful editorial suggestions, Michele Caron for providing samples from the Vocontian Basin, JoAnn Sanner for some of the SEM image editing, and Ken MacLeod for analyzing samples in his stable isotope laboratory. RML would like to thank Richard Cashman for laboratory assistance. This study was supported by a grant to BTH from the Smithsonian Institution's Walcott Fund. Acknowledgment is made to the donors to the Petroleum Research Fund-American Chemical Society for research support to RML. NR 108 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 8 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 53 EP 95 DI 10.2113/gsjfr.41.1.53 PG 43 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 710WB UT WOS:000286546600007 ER PT J AU Balmer, O Ciofi, C Galbraith, DA Swingland, IR Zug, GR Caccone, A AF Balmer, Oliver Ciofi, Claudio Galbraith, David A. Swingland, Ian R. Zug, George R. Caccone, Adalgisa TI Population Genetic Structure of Aldabra Giant Tortoises SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE Aldabrachelys; islands; microsatellites; mitochondrial DNA; population structure ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; GALAPAGOS TORTOISES; CONSERVATION UNITS; TERRESTRIAL FAUNA; ALLELE FREQUENCY; INDIAN-OCEAN; DIVERGENCE; EVOLUTION; ATOLL AB Evolution of population structure on islands is the result of physical processes linked to volcanism, orogenic events, changes in sea level, as well as habitat variation. We assessed patterns of genetic structure in the giant tortoise of the Aldabra atoll, where previous ecological studies suggested population subdivisions as a result of landscape discontinuity due to unsuitable habitat and island separation. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences and allelic variation at 8 microsatellite loci were conducted on tortoises sampled in 3 locations on the 2 major islands of Aldabra. We found no variation in mtDNA sequences. This pattern corroborated earlier work supporting the occurrence of a founding event during the last interglacial period and a further reduction in genetic variability during historical time. On the other hand, significant population structure recorded at nuclear loci suggested allopatric divergence possibly due to geographical barriers among islands and ecological partitions hindering tortoise movements within islands. This is the first attempt to study the population genetics of Aldabra tortoises, which are now at carrying capacity in an isolated terrestrial ecosystem where ecological factors appear to have a strong influence on population dynamics. C1 [Ciofi, Claudio] Univ Florence, Dept Evolutionary Biol, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Balmer, Oliver] Univ Basel, Inst Zool, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland. [Balmer, Oliver; Caccone, Adalgisa] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT USA. [Ciofi, Claudio; Caccone, Adalgisa] Yale Univ, Yale Inst Biospher Studies, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Galbraith, David A.] Royal Bot Gardens, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Swingland, Ian R.] Univ Kent, Durrell Inst Conservat & Ecol, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Zug, George R.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ciofi, C (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Via Romana 17, I-50125 Florence, Italy. EM claudio.ciofi@unifi.it FU Yale Institute of Biospheric Studies (YIBS); Yale University FX Genetic analysis was possible thanks to funding from the Yale Institute of Biospheric Studies (YIBS); O. B. was supported by a PhD scholarship from Yale University; Gaylord Donnelley Environmental Fellowship from YIBS (to C.C.). NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 102 IS 1 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1093/jhered/esq096 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 696CM UT WOS:000285419500004 PM 20805288 ER PT J AU Kula, RR AF Kula, Robert R. TI Two new brachypterous species of Heterospilus Haliday (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae) from the Nearctic Region SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Apterous; aptery; brachyptery; parasitoid; taxonomy AB Two new species, Heterospilus belokobylskiji Kula, sp. n. and Heterospilus vincenti Kula, sp. n., from the Nearctic Region are described and differentiated from all other New World species of Doryctinae that exhibit brachyptery or aptery. They are the first brachypterous species of Heterospilus Haliday known in the New World and increase the total number of brachypterous species in the genus to four worldwide. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kula, RR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Robert.Kula@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1070-9428 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PY 2011 VL 21 BP 53 EP 64 DI 10.3897/JHR.21.875 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 763KV UT WOS:000290556100003 ER PT J AU Montaser, R Abboud, KA Paul, VJ Luesch, H AF Montaser, Rana Abboud, Khalil A. Paul, Valerie J. Luesch, Hendrik TI Pitiprolamide, a Proline-Rich Dolastatin 16 Analogue from the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula from Guam SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID CIS-TRANS ISOMERIZATION; SPONGE STYLISSA-CARIBICA; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; DEPSIPEPTIDE; COLLECTION; BOND AB An unusual cyclic depsipeptide, pitiprolamide (1), was isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula collected at Piti Bomb Holes, Guam. The structure was deduced using NMR, MS, X-ray crystallography, and enantioselective HPLC-MS techniques. Remarkably, proline represents half of the residues forming pitiprolamide (1). Other distinctive features include a 4-phenylvaline (dolaphenvaline, Dpv) moiety initially found in dolastatin 16 and the rare 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxyhexanoic acid (Dmhha) unit condensed in a unique sequence in one single molecule. Pitiprolamide (1) showed weak cytotoxic activity against HCT116 colon and MCF7 breast cancer cell lines, as well as weak antibacterial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Bacillus cereus. C1 [Montaser, Rana; Luesch, Hendrik] Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Abboud, Khalil A.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Paul, Valerie J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Luesch, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM luesch@cop.ufl.edu FU National Institutes of Health, NIGMS [P41GM086210]; National Science Foundation; University of Florida FX This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health, NIGMS Grant P41GM086210. We thank J. R. Rocca for technical assistance. We also acknowledge the National Science Foundation and the University of Florida for funding the purchase of the X-ray equipment. This is contribution 836 from the Smithsonian Marine Station. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 74 IS 1 BP 109 EP 112 DI 10.1021/np1006839 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 711HN UT WOS:000286577800024 PM 21138309 ER PT J AU Van Bocxlaer, B AF Van Bocxlaer, Bert TI Palaeobiology and evolution of the late Cenozoic freshwater molluscs of the Turkana Basin: Unionidae Rafinesque, 1820, partim Coelatura (Bivalvia: Unionoidea) SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE East African Rift; Plio-Pleistocene; malacofauna; palaeoecology; morphometrics; palaeobiogeography ID KOOBI-FORA-FORMATION; NORTHERN KENYA RIFT; EAST-AFRICA; PALEONTOLOGICAL DOCUMENTATION; MORPHOLOGICAL STASIS; MUSSELS MOLLUSCA; GLOBAL DIVERSITY; OMO GROUP; PLIOPLEISTOCENE; SYSTEMATICS AB The Plio-Pleistocene freshwater molluscs of the Omo-Turkana Basin were long considered to be a prima facie example of punctuated equilibrium evolution. However, the absence of a study on their taxonomy has significantly hampered the debate on assumed evolutionary patterns. This paper addresses the systematics and palaeobiology of the bivalve genus Coelatura Conrad, 1853 in the basin. It reveals that a Coelatura species was assigned to the extinct genus Pseudobovaria Adam, 1957 in earlier studies, while another species formerly assigned to Coelatura is not discussed here because it belongs to the extinct Pseudodiplon Adam, 1957. Six Coelatura species are recognized in the Plio-Pleistocene Omo-Turkana Basin, two of which are new to science: C. rhomboidalis sp. nov. and C. magna sp. nov. These two species are considered lacustrine adapted species, both with a strongly dorsally protruded umbo. This adaptation apparently evolved twice independently in the basin within a similar to 1 Ma period, but it is not observed in any other fossil or extant Coelatura species. Three of the other Coelatura forms can be identified as belonging to the extant C. aegyptiaca, C. bakeri and C. alluaudi. Disentangling the genealogical relationships of these extant species with neontological techniques will provide a test of the palaeontological systematics here proposed. General evaluation of the Turkana Basin coelaturids, and particularly their apparent absence from the first so-called punctuative Suregei Isolate period, corroborates the hypothesis of biological invasions in the basin, but indicates that in situ evolutionary events occurred occasionally. C1 [Van Bocxlaer, Bert] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Smithsonian Inst, Invertebrate Zool Dept, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Van Bocxlaer, Bert] Univ Ghent, Res Unit Palaeontol, Dept Geol & Soil Sci, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Van Bocxlaer, B (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Smithsonian Inst, Invertebrate Zool Dept, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM bert.vanbocxlaer@ugent.be RI Van Bocxlaer, Bert/N-1965-2016 OI Van Bocxlaer, Bert/0000-0003-2033-326X FU Flanders Research Foundation; Ghent University Research Council (BOF-UGhent); Jessup Award Fellowship; NSF [DEB-0542575] FX I am especially indebted to Francis H. Brown and Ron L. Bruhn (University of Utah) and their Kenyan field crew for help and assistance in the field. Wholeheartedly acknowledged are the following people for granting access to material: Liz Loeffler (University of Bristol), Craig S. Feibel (Rutgers University), Francis H. Brown (University of Utah), Fred Collier, Jessica Cundiff and Adam Baldinger (MCZ), Frederick Kyalo (National Museums of Kenya), Daniel L. Graf and Paul Callomon (Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia), and Jose Joordens (Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam). I am also indebted to Mike Benton and Liz Loeffler for the donation of Omo-Turkana Basin molluscan material to the Research Unit Palaeontology of Ghent University. Helpful comments and advice on the drafts were provided by Achilles Gautier, Dirk Van Damme, Daniel L. Graf, Arthur Bogan and Jan Baccaert. Research was funded by the Flanders Research Foundation, the Ghent University Research Council (BOF-UGhent) and a Jessup Award Fellowship. Additionally, this work benefitted from NSF grant DEB-0542575 (to Daniel L. Graf). NR 96 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1477-2019 EI 1478-0941 J9 J SYST PALAEONTOL JI J. Syst. Palaeontol. PY 2011 VL 9 IS 4 BP 523 EP 550 DI 10.1080/14772019.2010.533202 PG 28 WC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA 864IP UT WOS:000298233500005 ER PT J AU Behrensmeyer, A Whatley, R Parker, W Mcintire, S AF Behrensmeyer, Anna Whatley, Robin Parker, William Mcintire, Suzanne TI TAPHONOMIC INFORMATION FROM LABORATORY EXCAVATION OF A NEW MICROVERTEBRATE LOCALITY IN THE OWL ROCK MEMBER OF THE CHINLE FORMATION, PETRIFIED FOREST NATIONAL PARK, ARIZONA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Behrensmeyer, Anna; Mcintire, Suzanne] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Whatley, Robin] Columbia Coll, Chicago, IL USA. [Parker, William] Petrified Forest Natl Pk, Petrified Forest, AZ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 68 EP 68 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700046 ER PT J AU Cadena, E Bourque, J Rincon, A Bloch, J Jaramillo, C AF Cadena, Edwin Bourque, Jason Rincon, Aldo Bloch, Jonathan Jaramillo, Carlos TI CENOZOIC FOSSIL TURTLES FROM THE PANAMA CANAL BASIN SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cadena, Edwin] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bourque, Jason; Rincon, Aldo; Bloch, Jonathan] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jaramillo, Carlos] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700109 ER PT J AU Carrano, M Oreska, M AF Carrano, Matthew Oreska, Matthew TI THE IMPORTANCE OF VERTEBRATE MICROFOSSIL BONEBEDS IN UNDERSTANDING THE FOSSIL RECORD: EXAMPLES FROM THE CLOVERLY FORMATION SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carrano, Matthew; Oreska, Matthew] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Carrano, Matthew/C-7601-2011 OI Carrano, Matthew/0000-0003-2129-1612 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 84 EP 85 PG 2 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700125 ER PT J AU Du, A Behrensmeyer, A Blumenschine, R Faith, J AF Du, Andrew Behrensmeyer, Anna Blumenschine, Robert Faith, John TI LANDSCAPE NEOTAPHONOMY AND EAST AFRICAN CARNIVORE GUILD STRUCTURE: MODELING HOMININ SCAVENGING OPPORTUNITIES SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Du, Andrew; Faith, John] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Behrensmeyer, Anna] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Blumenschine, Robert] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 101 EP 101 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700211 ER PT J AU Hastings, A Bloch, J Rincon, A Macfadden, B Jaramillo, C AF Hastings, Alexander Bloch, Jonathan Rincon, Aldo Macfadden, Bruce Jaramillo, Carlos TI NEW PRIMITIVE CAIMANINE (CROCODYLIA, ALLIGATORIDAE) FROM THE MIOCENE OF PANAMA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hastings, Alexander; Bloch, Jonathan; Rincon, Aldo; Macfadden, Bruce] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jaramillo, Carlos] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 122 EP 123 PG 2 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700319 ER PT J AU Head, J Bloch, J Rincon, A Bourque, J Jaramillo, C AF Head, Jason Bloch, Jonathan Rincon, Aldo Bourque, Jason Jaramillo, Carlos TI AN ENIGMATIC DERIVED SNAKE FROM THE EARLIEST EOCENE OF EQUATORIAL SOUTH AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Head, Jason] Univ Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Bloch, Jonathan; Rincon, Aldo; Bourque, Jason] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jaramillo, Carlos] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 124 EP 124 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700325 ER PT J AU Macfadden, B Pimiento, C AF Macfadden, Bruce Pimiento, Catalina TI INNOVATION IN GRADUATE EDUCATION: THE NON-TRADITIONAL MASTERS AND E-PHD DEGREES IN STEM DISCIPLINES SUCH AS VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Macfadden, Bruce] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Pimiento, Catalina] Univ Florida, Panama City, Panama. [Pimiento, Catalina] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 149 EP 149 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700451 ER PT J AU Mannion, P Benson, R Upchurch, P Butler, R Carrano, M AF Mannion, Philip Benson, Roger Upchurch, Paul Butler, Richard Carrano, Matthew TI A TEMPERATE PALEODIVERSITY PEAK IN MESOZOIC DINOSAURS AND EVIDENCE FOR LATE CRETACEOUS GEOGRAPHICAL PARTITIONING SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mannion, Philip; Upchurch, Paul] UCL, London, England. [Benson, Roger] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England. [Butler, Richard] Bayer Staatssammlung Palaontol & Geol, Munich, Germany. [Carrano, Matthew] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Upchurch, Paul/C-1654-2008; Carrano, Matthew/C-7601-2011 OI Carrano, Matthew/0000-0003-2129-1612 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 150 EP 151 PG 2 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700460 ER PT J AU Meijer, H James, H Sutikna, T Due, R Tocheri, M AF Meijer, Hanneke James, Helen Sutikna, Thomas Due, Rhokus Tocheri, Matthew TI THE LIANG BUA AVIFAUNA: FAUNAL COMPOSITION, DIVERSITY, AND EXTINCTION SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Meijer, Hanneke; James, Helen; Tocheri, Matthew] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Sutikna, Thomas; Due, Rhokus] Natl Res & Dev Ctr Archaeol, Jakarta, Indonesia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 156 EP 156 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700489 ER PT J AU Morgan, G Rincon, A Morse, P Denetclaw, U Vallejo, M AF Morgan, Gary Rincon, Aldo Morse, Paul Denetclaw, Utahna Vallejo, Maria TI MIOCENE MICROVERTEBRATES FROM PANAMA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Morgan, Gary; Denetclaw, Utahna] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Rincon, Aldo; Morse, Paul] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Vallejo, Maria] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ancon, Panama. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 161 EP 161 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700513 ER PT J AU Pimiento, C Hendy, A Macfadden, B Ehret, D Jaramillo, C AF Pimiento, Catalina Hendy, Austin Macfadden, Bruce Ehret, Dana Jaramillo, Carlos TI MIOCENE CHONDRICHTHYANS FROM PANAMA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pimiento, Catalina; Hendy, Austin; Macfadden, Bruce; Ehret, Dana] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Jaramillo, Carlos] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RI Hendy, Austin/C-1279-2013 OI Hendy, Austin/0000-0002-9818-1158 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-4634 EI 1937-2809 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 174 EP 174 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700577 ER PT J AU Pimiento, C Hendy, A Macfadden, B Ehret, D Jaramillo, C AF Pimiento, Catalina Hendy, Austin Macfadden, Bruce Ehret, Dana Jaramillo, Carlos TI MIOCENE CHONDRICHTHYANS FROM PANAMA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pimiento, Catalina; Hendy, Austin; Macfadden, Bruce; Ehret, Dana] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Jaramillo, Carlos] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RI Hendy, Austin/C-1279-2013 OI Hendy, Austin/0000-0002-9818-1158 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-4634 EI 1937-2809 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 174 EP 174 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700578 ER PT J AU Rincon, A Bloch, J Macfadden, B Jaramillo, C AF Rincon, Aldo Bloch, Jonathan Macfadden, Bruce Jaramillo, Carlos TI FIRST OCURRENCE OF ANTHRACOTHERES (ARTIODACTYLA, ANTHRACOTHERIIDAE) FROM THE EARLY MIOCENE OF CENTRAL AMERICA. SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rincon, Aldo; Bloch, Jonathan; Macfadden, Bruce] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jaramillo, Carlos] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 179 EP 179 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700603 ER PT J AU Upchurch, P Mannion, P Benson, R Butler, R Carrano, M AF Upchurch, Paul Mannion, Philip Benson, Roger Butler, Richard Carrano, Matthew TI GEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC CONTROLS ON THE SAMPLING OF THE TERRESTRIAL FOSSIL RECORD: A CASE STUDY FROM THE DINOSAURIA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Upchurch, Paul; Mannion, Philip] UCL, London, England. [Benson, Roger] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England. [Butler, Richard] Bayer Staatssammlung Palaontol Geol, Munich, Germany. [Carrano, Matthew] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Upchurch, Paul/C-1654-2008; Carrano, Matthew/C-7601-2011 OI Carrano, Matthew/0000-0003-2129-1612 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 208 EP 208 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700748 ER PT J AU Whatley, R Behrensmeyer, A Amaral, W Parker, W Domeischel, J AF Whatley, Robin Behrensmeyer, Anna Amaral, William Parker, William Domeischel, Jenna TI FIRST LATE TRIASSIC VERTEBRATE LOCALITIES IN THE OWL ROCK MEMBER, UPPER CHINLE FORMATION, PETRIFIED FOREST NATIONAL PARK, AZ SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Whatley, Robin; Domeischel, Jenna] Columbia Coll Chicago, Chicago, IL USA. [Behrensmeyer, Anna] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Amaral, William] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Parker, William] Petrified Forest Natl Pk, Petrified Forest, AZ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 213 EP 213 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700775 ER PT B AU Crouch, TD AF Crouch, Tom D. BA Short, S BF Short, S TI The Formative Years SO LOCOMOTIVE TO AEROMOTIVE: OCTAVE CHANUTE AND THE TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Crouch, TD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ILLINOIS PRESS PI URBANA PA URBANA, IL 61801 USA BN 978-0-252-09332-6 PY 2011 BP 1 EP + PG 12 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BDP58 UT WOS:000314313700003 ER PT B AU Crouch, TD AF Crouch, Tom D. BA Short, S BF Short, S TI FOREWORD Octave Chanute and "The Course of Human Progress" SO LOCOMOTIVE TO AEROMOTIVE: OCTAVE CHANUTE AND THE TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Crouch, TD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ILLINOIS PRESS PI URBANA PA URBANA, IL 61801 USA BN 978-0-252-09332-6 PY 2011 BP IX EP XII PG 4 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BDP58 UT WOS:000314313700001 ER PT B AU Crouch, TD AF Crouch, Tom D. BA Short, S BF Short, S TI The University of Experience SO LOCOMOTIVE TO AEROMOTIVE: OCTAVE CHANUTE AND THE TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Crouch, TD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ILLINOIS PRESS PI URBANA PA URBANA, IL 61801 USA BN 978-0-252-09332-6 PY 2011 BP 11 EP + PG 38 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BDP58 UT WOS:000314313700004 ER PT B AU Crouch, TD AF Crouch, Tom D. BA Short, S BF Short, S TI LOCOMOTIVE TO AEROMOTIVE Octave Chanute and the Transportation Revolution PREFACE SO LOCOMOTIVE TO AEROMOTIVE: OCTAVE CHANUTE AND THE TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Crouch, TD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ILLINOIS PRESS PI URBANA PA URBANA, IL 61801 USA BN 978-0-252-09332-6 PY 2011 BP XIII EP + PG 5 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BDP58 UT WOS:000314313700002 ER PT B AU Crouch, TD AF Crouch, Tom D. BA Short, S BF Short, S TI Opening the West SO LOCOMOTIVE TO AEROMOTIVE: OCTAVE CHANUTE AND THE TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Crouch, TD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ILLINOIS PRESS PI URBANA PA URBANA, IL 61801 USA BN 978-0-252-09332-6 PY 2011 BP 44 EP + PG 39 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BDP58 UT WOS:000314313700005 ER PT B AU Crouch, TD AF Crouch, Tom D. BA Short, S BF Short, S TI At the Top SO LOCOMOTIVE TO AEROMOTIVE: OCTAVE CHANUTE AND THE TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Crouch, TD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ILLINOIS PRESS PI URBANA PA URBANA, IL 61801 USA BN 978-0-252-09332-6 PY 2011 BP 77 EP + PG 37 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BDP58 UT WOS:000314313700006 ER PT B AU Crouch, TD AF Crouch, Tom D. BA Short, S BF Short, S TI Self Realization SO LOCOMOTIVE TO AEROMOTIVE: OCTAVE CHANUTE AND THE TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Crouch, TD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ILLINOIS PRESS PI URBANA PA URBANA, IL 61801 USA BN 978-0-252-09332-6 PY 2011 BP 109 EP + PG 34 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BDP58 UT WOS:000314313700007 ER PT B AU Crouch, TD AF Crouch, Tom D. BA Short, S BF Short, S TI A New Industry SO LOCOMOTIVE TO AEROMOTIVE: OCTAVE CHANUTE AND THE TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Crouch, TD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ILLINOIS PRESS PI URBANA PA URBANA, IL 61801 USA BN 978-0-252-09332-6 PY 2011 BP 138 EP + PG 50 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BDP58 UT WOS:000314313700008 ER PT B AU Crouch, TD AF Crouch, Tom D. BA Short, S BF Short, S TI From the Locomotive to the Aeromotive SO LOCOMOTIVE TO AEROMOTIVE: OCTAVE CHANUTE AND THE TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Crouch, TD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ILLINOIS PRESS PI URBANA PA URBANA, IL 61801 USA BN 978-0-252-09332-6 PY 2011 BP 182 EP + PG 66 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BDP58 UT WOS:000314313700009 ER PT B AU Crouch, TD AF Crouch, Tom D. BA Short, S BF Short, S TI Encouraging Progress in Flying Machines SO LOCOMOTIVE TO AEROMOTIVE: OCTAVE CHANUTE AND THE TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Crouch, TD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ILLINOIS PRESS PI URBANA PA URBANA, IL 61801 USA BN 978-0-252-09332-6 PY 2011 BP 239 EP + PG 55 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BDP58 UT WOS:000314313700010 ER PT J AU Moratelli, R Wilson, DE AF Moratelli, Ricardo Wilson, Don E. TI A new species of Myotis Kaup, 1829 (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Ecuador SO MAMMALIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Myotis; South America; Choco ecoregion; Morphology; Taxonomy ID WESTERN COLOMBIA; PHYLLOSTOMIDAE AB A new species of bat in the genus Myotis (Vespertilionidae, Myotinae) is described from the Choco ecoregion on the western slope of the Andes in northwestern Ecuador. The genus Myotis comprises a diverse group of small to large-sized vespertilionid bats distributed worldwide. Twelve South American species are recognized currently, 6 of which occur in Ecuador. Morphological relationships among the new species and the other 12 South American species of Myotis were examined using 15 cranial and 5 external characters. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses found the new species to be distinct. As an aid to future identifications, we provide a key to the Ecuadorian species of Myotis. (C) 2010 Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Saugetierkunde. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Moratelli, Ricardo] Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, BR-22713375 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Wilson, Don E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Moratelli, R (reprint author), Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Campus Fiocruz Mata Atlantica,Estr Rodrigues Cald, BR-22713375 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM rmoratelli@fiocruz.br RI Rocha, Ricardo/A-5735-2013 OI Rocha, Ricardo/0000-0003-0942-6633 FU Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES, Ministerio da Educacao, Brazil); National Museum of Natural History; American Museum of Natural History FX We are grateful to Cal Dodson and Roy McDiarmid for their help in the field, and for facilitating our work in Ecuador. The following curators and collection staff provided access to specimens under their care: Adriano L. Peracchi (Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), Joao Alves de Oliveira, Stella Franco (Museu Nacional, Brazil), Fernando de Camargo Passos (Universidade Federal do Parana, Brazil), Teresa Cristina C. Margarido (Museu de Historia Natural Capao da Imbuia, Brazil), Mario de Vivo, Juliana G. Barros (Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil), Eliana Morielle-Versute (Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Brazil), Nancy Simmons, Eileen Westwig (American Museum of Natural History, USA), Alfred L. Gardner (USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center), Linda K. Gordon (National Museum of Natural History, USA) and Patrick Bousses (Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, France). Jose Luis Passos Cordeiro (Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil) composed the map. This research was partially supported by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES, Ministerio da Educacao, Brazil), the National Museum of Natural History (Short-Term Visitor Program Grant) and the American Museum of Natural History (Collection Study Grant). We are grateful to Alfred L. Gardner for helpfully reviewing a draft of the manuscript. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1616-5047 EI 1618-1476 J9 MAMM BIOL JI Mamm. Biol. PY 2011 VL 76 IS 5 BP 608 EP 614 DI 10.1016/j.mambio.2010.10.003 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 827PJ UT WOS:000295440100011 ER PT J AU Reece, JS Bowen, BW Smith, DG Larson, A AF Reece, Joshua S. Bowen, Brian W. Smith, David G. Larson, Allan TI Comparative phylogeography of four Indo-Pacific moray eel species (Muraenidae) reveals comparable ocean-wide genetic connectivity despite five-fold differences in available adult habitat SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Gene flow; Phylogeography; Connectivity; Reef fish; Leptocephalus; Moray eel ID POPULATION-GROWTH; LARVAL DURATION; SARGASSO SEA; REEF FISH; LEPTOCEPHALI; SIZE; FLOW; FRAGMENTATION; ASSEMBLAGES; STRATEGIES AB Most coral reef fishes have non-migratory adults and depend on a pelagic larval stage for dispersal. Species with long pelagic larval duration (PLD) can have tremendous dispersal potential and thus display little geographic-genetic differentiation among reef habitats. Restricted adult niche breadth due to habitat specialization can have the opposite effect of fragmenting populations and increasing geographic-genetic differentiation. If long PLD suffices to ensure widespread gene flow among reef populations, we predict similar geographic-genetic homogeneity within species whose adults differ in niche breadth. We tested this hypothesis using a comparative phylogeographic study of 4 sympatric moray eel species that differ in the amount of available habitat within their reported ranges. We generated molecular genetic data for Echidna nebulosa (N = 79) and Gymnomuraena zebra (N = 67) to measure geographic-genetic structure within these species, whose adult habitat is very restricted for moray eels, and compared these results to identical measurements previously published for habitat generalists Gymnothorax undulatus and Gymnothorax flavimarginatus. These 4 species share an ocean-wide distribution with adults occupying the same reefs; however, adults of E. nebulosa and G. zebra are restricted to shallow waters and occupy only 20% of the area occupied by the Gymnothorax species. Mitochondrial (632 bp of cytochrome b and 596 bp of cytochrome oxidase I) genomic sequences revealed high genetic variation (h = 0.995 to 0.998) and low geographic-genetic differentiation (pairwise Phi(ST) < 0.07 and not significant) for each species across 22 000 km of the Indo-Pacific. Nuclear genomic sequences (420 bp of RAG-1 and 746 bp of RAG-2) demonstrated 16 to 25 haplotypes per marker within each species with minimal geographic-genetic differentiation among populations. This suggests that in cosmopolitan and highly dispersive species such as morays, larval life history can ensure widespread gene flow despite a 5-fold difference in the habitat breadth occupied by adult populations. C1 [Reece, Joshua S.; Larson, Allan] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Bowen, Brian W.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Smith, David G.] Smithsonian Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Reece, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, 100 Schaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95062 USA. EM jreece@ucsc.edu FU National Science Foundation [DDIG-0909756, OCE-0453167, OCE-0929031]; PADI Foundation; Society of Systematic Biologists; Fish Barcode of Life Initiative; DeepFin Project; National Geographic Young Scientists Award FX Funding for this project was provided by National Science Foundation grants DDIG-0909756 to A.L. and J.S.R. and OCE-0453167 and OCE-0929031 to B.W.B. Additional funding was provided to J.S.R. through the PADI Foundation, the Society of Systematic Biologists, the Fish Barcode of Life Initiative, the DeepFin Project, and the National Geographic Young Scientists Award. We thank J. Hunt and L. Weigt of the Smithsonian Institution, A. Suzumoto and J. Randall of the Bishop Museum, R. Kosaki and the crew of the NOAA ship Hi'ialakai, the Stock Assessment Program at the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, and the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology staff. Tissues were provided by the University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute, the Smithsonian Institution, Australian Museum, the South Africa Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, and the California Aquarium. Thanks to Allan Connell, R. Toonen, and M. Furtado of Koolau Pets for assistance with specimens. V. Goz and K. Joshi contributed to the genetic data used in this study. G. Bernardi, P. Borsa, M. Craig, J. Eble, K. Krakos, R. Mehta, J. Patterson, L. Rocha, A. Templeton, V. Wagner, and anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 25 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 437 BP 269 EP 277 DI 10.3354/meps09248 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 826GV UT WOS:000295342600021 ER PT J AU Mozdzer, TJ Kirwan, M McGlathery, KJ Zieman, JC AF Mozdzer, T. J. Kirwan, M. McGlathery, K. J. Zieman, J. C. TI Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Foliar uptake; Stem uptake; Ammonia; Glycine; Nitrate; DON ID GRACILARIA-VERMICULOPHYLLA RHODOPHYTA; DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; SALT-MARSH; SULFIDE CONCENTRATION; NORTH INLET; WATER; ESTUARY; VARIABILITY; NUTRIENTS; SEDIMENTS AB The smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora is the foundation species in intertidal salt marshes of the North American Atlantic coast. Depending on its elevation within the marsh, S. alterniflora may be submerged for several hours per day. Previous ecosystem-level studies have demonstrated that S. alterniflora marshes are a net sink for nitrogen (N), and that removal of N from flooding tidal water can provide enough N to support the aboveground biomass. However, studies have not specifically investigated whether S. alterniflora plants assimilate nutrients through their aboveground tissue. We determined in situ foliar and stem N uptake kinetics for (NH4)-N-15, (NO3)-N-15, and N-15-glycine by artificially flooding plants in a mid-Atlantic salt marsh. To determine the ecological importance of shoot uptake, a model was created to estimate the time of inundation of S. alterniflora in 20 cm height intervals during the growing season. Estimates of inundation time, shoot mass, N uptake rates, and N availability from long-term data sets were used to model seasonal shoot N uptake. Rates of aboveground N uptake rates (leaves + stems) were ranked as follows: NH4+ > glycine > NO3-. Our model suggests that shoot N uptake may satisfy up to 15% of the growing season N demand in mid-Atlantic salt marshes, with variation depending on plant elevation and water column N availability. However, in eutrophic estuaries, our model indicates the potential of the plant canopy as a nutrient filter, with shoot uptake contributing 66 to 100% of plant N demand. C1 [Mozdzer, T. J.; Kirwan, M.; McGlathery, K. J.; Zieman, J. C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Kirwan, M.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Mozdzer, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM mozdzert@si.edu RI Kirwan, Matthew/F-1806-2011; Mozdzer, Thomas/G-4372-2011; Mozdzer, Thomas/A-3599-2014 OI Mozdzer, Thomas/0000-0002-1053-0967 FU South Atlantic Chapter of the Society of Wetland Scientists; NSF [DEB 0621014]; USGS FX We thank B. Curtis and R. Baker for help in the field, and A. Mills and P. D'Odorico for helpful insights. Funding for this study was from the South Atlantic Chapter of the Society of Wetland Scientists to T.J.M., NSF LTER grant DEB 0621014, and the USGS Global Change Research Program. Reference herein to any specific commercial products, processes or services by trade name, trademark, manufacturer or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the US Government or its employees. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 32 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 433 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.3354/meps09117 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 794JB UT WOS:000292890400003 ER PT J AU Munguia, P Hamilton, J Osman, RW Whitlatch, RB Zajac, RN AF Munguia, P. Hamilton, J. Osman, R. W. Whitlatch, R. B. Zajac, R. N. TI Clarification of model parameters: Reply to Lauzon-Guay & Lyons (2011) SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Munguia, P.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Hamilton, J.; Whitlatch, R. B.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Osman, R. W.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Zajac, R. N.] Univ New Haven, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. RP Munguia, P (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, 750 Channel View Dr, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. EM munguia@mail.utexas.edu RI Munguia, Pablo/D-8653-2012 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 432 BP 302 EP 302 PG 1 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 784NE UT WOS:000292163200028 ER PT J AU McGrew, M Hultgren, KM AF McGrew, M. Hultgren, K. M. TI Bopyrid parasite infestation affects activity levels and morphology of the eusocial snapping shrimp Synalpheus elizabethae SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Parasitism; Synalpheus elizabethae; Eusociality; Bopyridae; Morphology; Behavior ID DWELLING ALPHEID SHRIMP; PROBOPYRUS-PANDALICOLA PACKARD; PALAEMONETES-PUGIO HOLTHUIS; GRASS SHRIMP; ARGEIA-PUGETTENSIS; ISOPOD; HOST; DECAPODA; POPULATION; CRUSTACEA AB Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps are often more heavily parasitized by bopyrid isopods than their free-living relatives, but little is known about how parasitism influences the behavior and morphology of these shrimps. In this study, we measured parasitism rates in the eusocial snapping shrimp Synalpheus elizabethae and tested whether parasitism by bopyrid isopods (Bopyrione sp.) affects shrimp activity levels and morphology. Using field surveys, we found that S. elizabethae suffer higher parasitism rates when inhabiting the sponge Lissodendoryx colombiensis than do co-occurring pair-forming congeners (S. yano and S. dardeaui) in the same host. In laboratory behavioral assays, parasitized S. elizabethae showed 50% lower activity levels than unparasitized colony members, suggesting that infection by bopyrids decreases shrimp activity. Finally, parasitism influenced shrimp morphology; parasitized S. elizabethae individuals were larger, but had relatively smaller major chelae (25% reduction) than unparasitized individuals. Parasites comprised similar to 5% of the entire body weight of an individual shrimp. Together these data suggest that parasitism by bopyrid isopods may incur significant energetic costs for commensal sponge-dwelling shrimps such as Synalpheus, and may be especially severe for social species such as S. elizabethae. C1 [McGrew, M.; Hultgren, K. M.] Vassar Coll, Dept Biol, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. [McGrew, M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hultgren, K. M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hultgren, KM (reprint author), Vassar Coll, Dept Biol, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. EM hultgrenk@si.edu RI Hultgren, Kristin/F-6862-2011 FU Vassar College; Marine Science Network FX Funding for this study was provided by the Vassar College Environmental Research Fellowship and Internship Grant Fund Fellowship (to M. M.) and a Marine Science Network Postdoctoral fellowship (to K. M. H.). C. Freeman provided diving help in the field. J. M. Davis developed the Excel event recorder and provided advice on the manuscript. J. E. Duffy and K. S. Macdonald provided advice on experimental design and earlier drafts of the manuscript; the manuscript was also improved by the comments of 4 anonymous reviewers. C. Boyko provided invaluable assistance identifying the bopyrid parasites. We also thank the staff at the Smithsonian's Bocas del Toro marine station and the Smithsonian Internship program at the National Museum of Natural History. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 431 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.3354/meps09123 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 781SF UT WOS:000291953100016 ER PT J AU Okamura, B O'Dea, A Knowles, T AF Okamura, Beth O'Dea, Aaron Knowles, Tanya TI Bryozoan growth and environmental reconstruction by zooid size variation SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Cheilostomes; Mean annual range of temperature; MART; Body size-temperature relationship; Palaeoclimates ID PENTAPORA-FOLIACEA BRYOZOA; LIFE-HISTORY; CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOANS; SEAWATER TEMPERATURE; OXYGEN AVAILABILITY; MENAI-STRAITS; LARGE COLONY; SEA; ECTOTHERMS; PLIOCENE AB The modular growth of cheilostome bryozoans combined with temperature-induced variation in module (zooid) size has enabled the development of a unique proxy for deducing seasonal temperature regimes. The approach is based on measures of intracolonial variation in zooid size that can be used to infer the mean annual range of temperature (MART) experienced by a bryozoan colony as predicted by a model of this relationship that was developed primarily to infer palaeoseasonal regimes. Using the model predictions effectively requires a highly strategic approach to characterise the relative amount of within-colony zooid size variation (by adopting random or very systematic measurements of zooids that meet a stringent set of criteria) to gain insights on temperature variation. The method provides an indication of absolute temperature range but not the actual temperatures experienced. Here we review the development of, support for and applications of the zooid size MART approach. In particular, we consider the general issue of why body size may vary with temperature, studies that validate the zooid size-temperature relationship and insights that have been gained by application of the zooid size MART approach. We emphasise the potential limitations of the approach, including the influence of confounding factors, and highlight its advantages relative to other proxies for palaeotemperature inferences. Of prime importance is that it is relatively inexpensive and quick and allows a direct estimate of temperature variation experienced by an individual colony. Our review demonstrates a strong and growing body of evidence that the application of the zooid size MART approach enables robust interpretations for palaeoclimates and merits broad recognition by environmental and evolutionary biologists and climate modellers. C1 [Okamura, Beth] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England. [O'Dea, Aaron] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archeol, Panama City, Panama. [O'Dea, Aaron] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Knowles, Tanya] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2BP, England. RP Okamura, B (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM b.okamura@nhm.ac.uk RI O'Dea, Aaron/D-4114-2011 FU Natural Environment Research Council; Biotechnology and Biological Research Council; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Natural History Museum FX We thank P. Taylor for support in the development and application of the zooid size MART approach and for greatly facilitating our research over the years; M. Williams, a non-bryozoologist who recognised the potential of the zooid size MART approach and has enthusiastically championed its use; R. Hughes and J. Jackson for inspiration and insights on the evolutionary ecology of modular animals; S. Hageman for discussion, R. Dewel for the SEM image used for Fig. 1; and 3 reviewers for comments that helped to improve our manuscript. Our research has obtained funding and support from the Natural Environment Research Council, the Biotechnology and Biological Research Council, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Natural History Museum. NR 62 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 430 BP 133 EP 146 DI 10.3354/meps08965 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 780BQ UT WOS:000291826600012 ER PT J AU Tzortziou, M Neale, PJ Megonigal, JP Pow, CL Butterworth, M AF Tzortziou, Maria Neale, Patrick J. Megonigal, J. Patrick Pow, Crystal Lee Butterworth, Megan TI Spatial gradients in dissolved carbon due to tidal marsh outwelling into a Chesapeake Bay estuary SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Carbon dynamics; Intertidal zone; Brackish marshes; Dissolved organic matter; Dissolved inorganic carbon; Optical properties; Biogeochemistry; Estuarine processes ID YORK RIVER ESTUARY; ORGANIC-MATTER; SALT-MARSH; INORGANIC CARBON; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; COASTAL WATERS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BRACKISH MARSHES; INTERTIDAL MARSH AB Tidal marshes have been previously shown to affect fluxes of carbon and nutrients in adjacent estuaries by acting as sources, sinks or transformers of compounds transported in water exchanged between the marsh and estuary. Relative to information on the amount and direction of these exchanges, much less is known about the distribution and fate of the distinctive dissolved organic compounds derived from marshes, and the spatial extent to which this 'marsh signature' affects optical and biogeochemical variability in the estuary. In the present study we address the spatial distribution of both dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), as well as other biogeochemical components, in the Rhode River estuary-marsh complex of the Chesapeake Bay. High-spatial-resolution transects showed that the marshes are a major source of DOC, DIC and pCO(2) to the adjacent estuary and atmosphere, and that they seem to trap algae and other suspended particulate matter while releasing high-molecular-weight, aromatic-rich, highly colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) into the estuary through tidal flushing. These processes result in strong variability in water characteristics considerably beyond the marsh-estuary interface. Non-conservative mixing in CDOM with salinity was probably due to both intense processing of the more labile marsh-exported components, as well as to mixing with other terrestrial and wetland inputs into the estuary. Despite the possible role of the adjacent subtidal mudflat as a sink for some of the material released from the marshes, the marsh signature was distinguishable from the regional estuarine background over a distance of more than 1 km into the river. C1 [Tzortziou, Maria] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tzortziou, Maria; Neale, Patrick J.; Megonigal, J. Patrick; Pow, Crystal Lee; Butterworth, Megan] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Pow, Crystal Lee] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Tzortziou, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM maria.a.tzortziou@nasa.gov RI Neale, Patrick/A-3683-2012 FU National Science Foundation [DEB: 0742185, DEB: 0742195]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program; Smithsonian Institution; National Science Foundation-Research Experience for Undergraduates (NSF-REU) FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grants DEB: 0742185 and DEB: 0742195. Additional funding was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program, the Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation-Research Experience for Undergraduates (NSF-REU) Internship Program. We thank J. Duls and S. Hedrick for assistance in the field and laboratory. NR 59 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 52 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 426 BP 41 EP 56 DI 10.3354/meps09017 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 742ZO UT WOS:000288984400004 ER PT J AU Paul, VJ Kuffner, IB Walters, LJ Ritson-Williams, R Beach, KS Becerro, MA AF Paul, Valerie J. Kuffner, Ilsa B. Walters, Linda J. Ritson-Williams, Raphael Beach, Kevin S. Becerro, Mikel A. TI Chemically mediated interactions between macroalgae Dictyota spp. and multiple life-history stages of the coral Porites astreoides SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Allelopathy; Coral-algal interactions; Dictyota; Chemical defense; Phase shift ID PHASE-SHIFTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LARVAL SETTLEMENT; CARIBBEAN CORALS; BENTHIC ALGAE; REEF; COMPETITION; RECRUITMENT; RESILIENCE; HERBIVORES AB Competition between corals and macroalgae is often assumed to occur on reefs, especially those that have undergone shifts from coral to algal dominance; however, data examining these competitive interactions, especially during the early life-history stages of corals, are scarce. We conducted a series of field and outdoor seawater-table experiments to test the hypothesis that allelopathy (chemical inhibition) mediates interactions between 2 common brown macroalgae, Dictyota pulchella and D. pinnatifida, and the coral Porites astreoides at different life-history stages of the coral. D. pinnatifida significantly reduced larval survival and larval recruitment. The extracts of both D. pinnatifida and D. pulchella significantly reduced larval survival, and the extract of D. pulchella also negatively influenced larval recruitment. There was no measurable effect of the crude extracts from Dictyota spp. on the photophysiology of adult corals. Our results provide evidence that these Dictyota species chemically compete with P. astreoides by negatively affecting larval settlement and recruitment as well as the survival of larvae and new recruits. Macroalgae may perpetuate their dominance on degraded reefs by chemically inhibiting the process of coral recruitment. C1 [Paul, Valerie J.; Ritson-Williams, Raphael; Becerro, Mikel A.] Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Kuffner, Ilsa B.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Walters, Linda J.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Beach, Kevin S.] Univ Tampa, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. [Becerro, Mikel A.] Ctr Adv Studies CEAB CSIC, Blanes 17300, Girona, Spain. RP Paul, VJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM paul@si.edu RI Becerro, Mikel/A-5325-2008; OI Kuffner, Ilsa/0000-0001-8804-7847; Becerro, Mikel/0000-0002-6047-350X FU USGS FX This work was supported by a USGS Eastern Region State Partnership award to I.B.K., L.J.W. and V.J.P. We thank B. Keller and J. Delaney for support of our work through the issuance of Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary permit nos. FKNMS-2004-018 and FKNMS-2006-034. We thank L. Giles and C. Humphries at Keys Marine Lab for deploying the settlement tiles for conditioning, K. Grablow for assisting with data collection and G. Piniak for his insightful suggestions on the manuscript. Any use of trade names herein was for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This is contribution no. 844 of the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. NR 49 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 45 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 426 BP 161 EP 170 DI 10.3354/meps09032 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 742ZO UT WOS:000288984400012 ER PT J AU Yeung, CKL Tsai, PW Chesser, RT Lin, RC Yao, CT Tian, XH Li, SH AF Yeung, Carol K. L. Tsai, Pi-Wen Chesser, R. Terry Lin, Rong-Chien Yao, Cheng-Te Tian, Xiu-Hua Li, Shou-Hsien TI Testing Founder Effect Speciation: Divergence Population Genetics of the Spoonbills Platalea regia and Pl. minor (Threskiornithidae, Aves) SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE founder effect speciation; spoonbills; Platalea; postdivergence gene flow; approximate Bayesian computation ID DNA-SEQUENCE DATA; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION; STATISTICAL-METHOD; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MULTIPLE LOCI; EVOLUTION; COALESCENT; MIGRATION; PHYLOGENY AB Although founder effect speciation has been a popular theoretical model for the speciation of geographically isolated taxa, its empirical importance has remained difficult to evaluate due to the intractability of past demography, which in a founder effect speciation scenario would involve a speciational bottleneck in the emergent species and the complete cessation of gene flow following divergence. Using regression-weighted approximate Bayesian computation, we tested the validity of these two fundamental conditions of founder effect speciation in a pair of sister species with disjunct distributions: the royal spoonbill Platalea regia in Australasia and the black-faced spoonbill Pl. minor in eastern Asia. When compared with genetic polymorphism observed at 20 nuclear loci in the two species, simulations showed that the founder effect speciation model had an extremely low posterior probability (1.55 x 10(-8)) of producing the extant genetic pattern. In contrast, speciation models that allowed for postdivergence gene flow were much more probable (posterior probabilities were 0.37 and 0.50 for the bottleneck with gene flow and the gene flow models, respectively) and postdivergence gene flow persisted for a considerable period of time (more than 80% of the divergence history in both models) following initial divergence (median = 197,000 generations, 95% credible interval [CI]: 50,000-478,000, for the bottleneck with gene flow model; and 186,000 generations, 95% CI: 45,000-477,000, for the gene flow model). Furthermore, the estimated population size reduction in Pl. regia to 7,000 individuals (median, 95% CI: 487-12,000, according to the bottleneck with gene flow model) was unlikely to have been severe enough to be considered a bottleneck. Therefore, these results do not support founder effect speciation in Pl. regia but indicate instead that the divergence between Pl. regia and Pl. minor was probably driven by selection despite continuous gene flow. In this light, we discuss the potential importance of evolutionarily labile traits with significant fitness consequences, such as migratory behavior and habitat preference, in facilitating divergence of the spoonbills. C1 [Yeung, Carol K. L.; Lin, Rong-Chien; Li, Shou-Hsien] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Life Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. [Tsai, Pi-Wen] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Math, Taipei, Taiwan. [Chesser, R. Terry] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Yao, Cheng-Te] Endem Species Res Inst, Middle Altitude Expt Stn, Chi Chi, Nantou, Taiwan. [Tian, Xiu-Hua] NE Forestry Univ, Coll Wildlife Resources, Harbin, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China. RP Li, SH (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Life Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. EM t43028@ntnu.edu.tw OI Tsai, Pi-Wen/0000-0003-2809-0733 FU National Science Council, Taiwan, R.O.C. FX We thank the American Museum of Natural History of the United States and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization of Australia for providing samples. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank D. Chang for assistance in writing codes for calculating summary statistics from the simulated data. We are also grateful for the valuable help and comments by M. Beaumont and technical support by P. Sweet and Y.-T. Lin. This work was supported by grants to S.-H.L. from the National Science Council, Taiwan, R.O.C. NR 77 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 EI 1537-1719 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 28 IS 1 BP 473 EP 482 DI 10.1093/molbev/msq210 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 696CD UT WOS:000285418600048 PM 20705906 ER PT J AU Kwan, JC Meickle, T Ladwa, D Teplitski, M Paul, V Luesch, H AF Kwan, Jason Christopher Meickle, Theresa Ladwa, Dheran Teplitski, Max Paul, Valerie Luesch, Hendrik TI Lyngbyoic acid, a "tagged" fatty acid from a marine cyanobacterium, disrupts quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa SO MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID CYSTIC-FIBROSIS PATIENTS; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; IRON UPTAKE; VIRULENCE; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; INHIBITORS; PYOCYANIN; MAJUSCULA AB Quorum sensing (QS) is a mechanism of bacterial gene regulation in response to increases in population density. Perhaps most studied are QS pathways mediated by acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) in Gram-negative bacteria. Production of small molecule QS signals, their accumulation within a diffusion-limited environment and their binding to a LuxR-type receptor trigger QS-controlled gene regulatory cascades. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, for example, binding of AHLs to their cognate receptors (LasR, RhlR) controls production of virulence factors, pigments, antibiotics and other behaviors important for its interactions with eukaryotic hosts and other bacteria. We have previously shown that marine cyanobacteria produce QS-inhibitory molecules, including 8-epi-malyngamide C (1), malyngamide C (2) and malyngolide (3). Here we isolated a new small cyclopropane-containing fatty acid, lyngbyoic acid (4), as a major metabolite of the marine cyanobacterium, Lyngbya cf. majuscula, collected at various sites in Florida. We screened 4 against four reporters based on different AHL receptors (LuxR, AhyR, TraR and LasR) and found that 4 most strongly affected LasR. We also show that 4 reduces pyocyanin and elastase (LasB) both on the protein and transcript level in wild-type P. aeruginosa, and that 4 directly inhibits LasB enzymatic activity. Conversely, dodecanoic acid (9) increased pyocyanin and LasB, demonstrating that the fused cyclopropane "tag" is functionally relevant and potentially confers resistance to beta-oxidation. Global transcriptional effects of 4 in some ways replicate the gene expression changes of P. aeruginosa during chronic lung infections of cystic fibrosis patients, with reduced lasR signaling, increased biofilm and expression of the virulence locus HSI-I. Compound 4 may therefore prove to be a useful tool in the study of P. aeruginosa adaption during such chronic infections. C1 [Kwan, Jason Christopher; Luesch, Hendrik] Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Meickle, Theresa; Paul, Valerie] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Ladwa, Dheran] Univ Bath, Dept Pharm & Pharmacol, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Teplitski, Max] Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Genet Inst, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Luesch, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM luesch@cop.ufl.edu RI Kwan, Jason/F-9589-2010 OI Kwan, Jason/0000-0001-9933-1536 FU National Institutes of Health; NIGMS [P41GM086210]; University of Florida College of Pharmacy; Florida Sea Grant [R/LR-MB-27 NA060AR4170014] FX This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health, NIGMS grant P41GM086210 (VP and HL) and the University of Florida College of Pharmacy. MT's contributions were supported by Florida Sea Grant # R/LR-MB-27 NA060AR4170014. We thank J. R. Rocca (UF) for assistance with NMR data acquisition and K. Arthur and C. Ross for help in collecting the cyanobacterium (Fort Pierce material). We thank Florida Institute of Oceanography for supporting use of R/V Bellows, and the National Park Service for granting permission to collect within Dry Tortugas National Park. We thank the crew of R/V Bellows, K. Arthur, F. Gurgel, S. Matthew, R. Ritson-Williams, K. Taori, and R. Wang for help in collecting L. cf. majuscula at Dry Tortugas. We also wish to thank D. and M. Littler for their helpful comments on cyanobacterial taxonomy, J. Li for assistance with the bioinformatics, and Y. Zhang for helpful discussions on sample preparation for microarray analysis. This is contribution # 838 of the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. We thank S. Moss (U Bath) and D. Reid (UF) for organizing an exchange program allowing DL to work on this project at the Department of Medicinal Chemistry, UF. NR 74 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 32 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1742-206X J9 MOL BIOSYST JI Mol. Biosyst. PY 2011 VL 7 IS 4 BP 1205 EP 1216 DI 10.1039/c0mb00180e PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 734JB UT WOS:000288329300028 PM 21258753 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, JM Carlon, DB Lippe, C Robertson, DR AF Fitzpatrick, J. M. Carlon, D. B. Lippe, C. Robertson, D. R. TI The West Pacific diversity hotspot as a source or sink for new species? Population genetic insights from the Indo-Pacific parrotfish Scarus rubroviolaceus SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene flow; IMa; microsatellites; peripatric speciation; stepwise mutation model ID MICROSATELLITE MUTATIONS; LINEAGE DIVERSIFICATION; CORAL-REEFS; PATTERNS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; SPECIATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; GASTROPODS; COMPLEX; FISHES AB We used a population genetic approach to quantify major population subdivisions and patterns of migration within a broadly distributed Indo-Pacific parrotfish. We genotyped 15 microsatellite loci in Scarus rubroviolaceus collected from 20 localities between Africa and the Americas. A STRUCTURE model indicates the presence of four major populations: Eastern Pacific, Hawaii, Central-West Pacific and a less well-differentiated Indian Ocean. We used the isolation and migration model to estimate splitting times, population sizes and migration patterns between sister population pairs. To eliminate loci under selection, we used BayeScan to select loci for three isolation and migration models: Eastern Pacific and Central-West Pacific, Hawaii and the Central-West Pacific, and Indian Ocean and the Central-West Pacific. To test the assumption of a stepwise mutation model (SMM), we used likelihood to test the SMM against a two-phase model that allowed mutational complexity. A posteriori, minor departures from SMM were estimated to affect < 2% of the alleles in the data. The data were informative about the contemporary and ancestral population sizes, migration rates and the splitting time in the eastern Pacific/Central-West Pacific comparison. The model revealed a splitting time similar to 17 000 bp, a larger contemporary N-e in the Central-West Pacific than in the eastern Pacific and a strong bias of east to west migration. These characteristics support the Center of Accumulation model of peripatric diversification in low-diversity peripheral sites and perhaps migration from those sites to the western Pacific diversity hotspot. C1 [Fitzpatrick, J. M.; Carlon, D. B.; Lippe, C.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Robertson, D. R.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Carlon, DB (reprint author), BD Diagnost, 2740 Rue Einstein, Ste Foy, PQ G1P 4S4, Canada. EM carlon@hawaii.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NAO06NOS4260200]; University of Hawaii; NSF [NSF DGE02-32016]; National Geographic Society [NGS 5831-96, 7269-02] FX We thank the following organizations for facilitating field work and help with permits: National Research Council of Thailand; Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources-American Samoa; Department of Agriculture, Forests, and Fisheries-Western Samoa; and the Hawaii Department of Aquatic Resources (DAR). We thank B. Victor for providing us with 50 samples from Cocos Island in the eastern Pacific; G. Matsuda of the Alii Holo Kai Dive Club for allowing us to sample at spear fishing tournaments on Hawaii; and S. Hau and T. Beirne for additional samples from Maui and the Big Island respectively. We thank B. Bowen, J.H. Choat, B. Holland, D. Kapan, D. Rubinoff, and three anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. This study was partially supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, under awards #NAO06NOS4260200 to the University of Hawaii for the Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative. Fieldwork in Samoa and Thailand was supported by a grant from the Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology Program at the University of Hawaii (EECB) awarded to JMF. The EECB is funded by a NSF GK-12 program grant #NSF DGE02-32016 to K.Y. Kaneshiro. Collecting activity by DRR was supported by National Geographic Society grants NGS 5831-96 and 7269-02. NR 62 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 219 EP 234 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04942.x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 703HY UT WOS:000285970200005 PM 21143329 ER PT J AU Hirsch, BT Maldonado, JE AF Hirsch, Ben T. Maldonado, Jesus E. TI Familiarity breeds progeny: sociality increases reproductive success in adult male ring-tailed coatis (Nasua nasua) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coati; extra-pair paternity; mating success; Nasua nasua; paternity; reproductive skew; reproductive synchrony; sociality ID WHITE-NOSED COATIS; MATING SYSTEMS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; SPERM COMPETITION; SEXUAL SELECTION; PROGRAM CERVUS; TESTES SIZE; PATERNITY; NARICA; EVOLUTION AB The ring-tailed coati (Nasua nasua) is the only coati species in which social groups contain an adult male year round, although most males live solitarily. We compared reproductive success of group living and solitary adult male coatis to determine the degree to which sociality affects reproductive success. Coati mating is highly seasonal and groups of female coatis come into oestrus during the same 1-2 week period. During the mating season, solitary adult males followed groups and fought with the group living male. This aggression was presumably to gain access to receptive females. We expected that high reproductive synchrony would make it difficult or impossible for the one group living male to monopolize and defend the group of oestrous females. However, we found that group living males sired between 67-91% of the offspring in their groups. This reproductive monopolization is much higher than other species of mammals with comparably short mating seasons. Clearly, living in a group greatly enhanced a male's reproductive success. At the same time, at least 50% of coati litters contained offspring sired by extra-group males (usually only one offspring per litter); thus, resident males could not prevent extra-group matings. The resident male's reproductive advantage may reflect female preference for a resident male strong enough to fend off competing males. C1 [Hirsch, Ben T.; Maldonado, Jesus E.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Hirsch, Ben T.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Barro Colorado Isl, Panama. [Hirsch, Ben T.] New York State Museum & Sci Serv, Albany, NY 12230 USA. RP Hirsch, BT (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Natl Zool Pk,3001 Connecticut Ave, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM hirschb@si.edu FU NSF [BCS-0314525]; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Undersecretary for Science; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute FX We thank Yamil Di Blanco, Santiago Escobar, Carolina Ferrari, Mauro Tommone, Fermino Silva and Viviana Munoz for help and assistance during the course of the field work. We thank Lori Eggert and Jenny Fike for primer aliquots. Frank Hailer, Emily Latch and Nancy Rotzel provided BTH valuable advice on primer optimization and laboratory techniques. Mirian Tsuchiya-Jerep graciously provided us with details for the primers she developed and without which this study could not have been done. We are particularly thankful to Mirian and Eduardo Eizirik. BTH thank Charles Janson for his advice and support during the course of the research. This paper benefited tremendously thanks to comments on earlier drafts by Egbert Leigh Jr., Roland Kays, Christie Riehl, Brandt Ryder, Jon Slate and two anonymous reviewers. This study complied with all institutional, national and ASAB/ABS guidelines for animal welfare. This study was funded by an NSF doctoral dissertation improvement grant (BCS-0314525), the Smithsonian Institution postdoctoral fellowship programme, the Smithsonian Undersecretary for Science restricted endowment funds, and the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute. NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 409 EP 419 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04940.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 703HY UT WOS:000285970200018 PM 21087218 ER PT J AU Steinhardt, CL Elvis, M AF Steinhardt, Charles L. Elvis, Martin TI The quasar mass-luminosity plane - II. High mass turn-off evolution and a synchronization puzzle SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion discs; black hole physics; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: nuclei; quasars: general ID BLACK-HOLE MASSES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DATA RELEASE; EDDINGTON RATIO; HIGH-REDSHIFT; GROWTH; ACCRETION; GALAXIES; SELECTION AB We use 62 185 quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR5 sample and standard virial mass scaling laws based on the widths of H beta, Mg ii and C iv lines and adjacent continuum luminosities to explore the maximum mass of quasars as a function of redshift, which we find to be sharp and evolving. This evolution is in the sense that high-mass black holes cease their luminous accretion at higher redshift than lower mass black holes. Further, turn-off for quasars at any given mass is more highly synchronized than would be expected given the dynamics of their host galaxies. We investigate potential signatures of the quasar turn-off mechanism, including a dearth of high-mass quasars at low Eddington ratio. These new results allow a closer examination of several common assumptions used in modelling quasar accretion and turn-off. C1 [Steinhardt, Charles L.; Elvis, Martin] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Steinhardt, CL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM csteinha@cfa.harvard.edu FU Chandra [607-8136A] FX The authors would like to thank Mihail Amarie, Doug Finkbeiner, Lars Hernquist, John Huchra and Michael Strauss for valuable comments. This work was supported in part by Chandra grant number 607-8136A. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 410 IS 1 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17435.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 693UH UT WOS:000285250400016 ER PT J AU Torrelles, JM Patel, NA Curiel, S Estalella, R Gomez, JF Rodriguez, LF Canto, J Anglada, G Vlemmings, W Garay, G Raga, AC Ho, PTP AF Torrelles, J. M. Patel, N. A. Curiel, S. Estalella, R. Gomez, J. F. Rodriguez, L. F. Canto, J. Anglada, G. Vlemmings, W. Garay, G. Raga, A. C. Ho, P. T. P. TI A wide-angle outflow with the simultaneous presence of a high-velocity jet in the high-mass Cepheus A HW2 system SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE masers; stars: formation; ISM: individual objects: Cepheus A; ISM: jets and outflows ID STAR-FORMING REGION; THERMAL RADIO JET; SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY OBSERVATIONS; GHZ METHANOL MASERS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; WATER MASERS; YOUNG STARS; H2O MASER; A HW2; CONTINUUM EMISSION AB We present five epochs of VLBI water maser observations around the massive protostar Cepheus A HW2 with 0.4 mas (0.3 au) resolution. The main goal of these observations was to follow the evolution of the remarkable water maser linear/arcuate structures found in earlier VLBI observations. Comparing the data of our new epochs of observation with those observed 5 yr before, we find that at 'large' scales of > rsim1 arcsec (700 au) the main regions of maser emission persist, implying that both the surrounding medium and the exciting sources of the masers have been relatively stable during that time-span. However, at smaller scales of less than or similar to 0.1 arcsec (70 au) we see large changes in the maser structures, particularly in the expanding arcuate structures R4 and R5. R4 traces a nearly elliptical patchy ring of similar to 70 mas size (50 au) with expanding motions of similar to 5 mas yr-1 (15 km s-1), consistent with previous results of Gallimore and collaborators. This structure is probably driven by the wind of a still unidentified YSO located at the centre of the ring (similar to 0.18 arcsec south of HW2). On the other hand, the R5 expanding bubble structure (driven by the wind of a previously identified YSO located similar to 0.6 arcsec south of HW2) is currently dissipating in the circumstellar medium and losing its previous degree of symmetry, indicating a very short lived event. In addition, our results reveal, at scales of similar to 1 arcsec (700 au), the simultaneous presence of a relatively slow (similar to 10-70 km s-1) wide-angle outflow (opening angle of similar to 102 degrees), traced by the masers, and the fast (similar to 500 km s-1) highly collimated radio jet associated with HW2 (opening angle of similar to 18 degrees), previously observed with the VLA. This simultaneous presence of a wide-angle outflow and a highly collimated jet associated with a massive protostar is similar to what is found in some low-mass YSOs. There are indications that the primary wind(s) from HW2 could be rotating. The implications of these results in the study of the formation of high-mass stars are discussed. C1 [Torrelles, J. M.] Univ Barcelona, UB IEEC, CSIC, Inst Ciencias Espacio, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Patel, N. A.; Ho, P. T. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Curiel, S.; Canto, J.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Estalella, R.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Estalella, R.] Univ Barcelona, IEEC UB, Inst Ciencies Cosmos, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Gomez, J. F.; Anglada, G.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Rodriguez, L. F.] UNAM, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. [Vlemmings, W.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Garay, G.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Raga, A. C.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Ho, P. T. P.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. RP Torrelles, JM (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, UB IEEC, CSIC, Inst Ciencias Espacio, Marti i Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM torrelles@ieec.cat; npatel@cfa.harvard.edu; scuriel@astroscu.unam.mx; robert@am.ub.es; jfg@iaa.es; l.rodriguez@crya.unam.mx; guillem@iaa.es; wouter@astro.uni-bonn.de; guido@das.uchile.cl; raga@nucleares.unam.mx; pho@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw RI Garay, Guido/H-8840-2013; Gomez, Jose Francisco/D-8392-2016; OI Garay, Guido/0000-0003-1649-7958; Gomez, Jose Francisco/0000-0002-7065-542X; Torrelles, Jose Maria/0000-0002-6896-6085; /0000-0002-2700-9916 FU MICINN (Spain) [AYA2008-06189-C03]; Junta de Andalucia (Spain); FONDAP [15010003]; BASAL [PFB-06]; CONACyT [G0581, 61547]; DGAPA; UNAM; CONACyT (Mexico); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [VL 61/3-1] FX We would like to thank our referee for the very careful and useful report on our manuscript. GA, RE, JFG and JMT acknowledge support from MICINN (Spain) AYA2008-06189-C03 grant (co-funded with FEDER funds). GA, JFG and JMT acknowledge support from Junta de Andalucia (Spain). GG acknowledges support from projects FONDAP No. 15010003 and BASAL PFB-06. SC acknowledges support from CONACyT grant G0581. JC and AR acknowledge support from CONACyT grant 61547. LFR acknowledges the support of DGAPA, UNAM and of CONACyT (Mexico). WV acknowledges support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the Emmny Noether Research grant VL 61/3-1. NR 72 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 410 IS 1 BP 627 EP 640 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17483.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 693UH UT WOS:000285250400048 ER PT J AU Risaliti, G Nardini, E Salvati, M Elvis, M Fabbiano, G Maiolino, R Pietrini, P Torricelli-Ciamponi, G AF Risaliti, G. Nardini, E. Salvati, M. Elvis, M. Fabbiano, G. Maiolino, R. Pietrini, P. Torricelli-Ciamponi, G. TI X-ray absorption by broad-line region clouds in Mrk 766 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual: Mrk 766 ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; XMM-NEWTON; SPECTRAL VARIABILITY; BLACK-HOLE; NGC 1365; MARKARIAN-766; REFLECTION; EMISSION; GALAXIES; NGC-1365 AB We present a new analysis of a 9-d long XMM-Newton monitoring of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 766. We show that the strong changes in the spectral shape, which occurred during this observation, can be interpreted as due to broad-line region clouds crossing the line of sight to the X-ray source. Within the occultation scenario, the spectral and temporal analyses of the eclipses provide precise estimates of the geometrical structure, location and physical properties of the absorbing clouds. In particular, we show that these clouds have cores with column densities of at least a few 1023 cm-2 and velocities in the plane of the sky of the order of thousands of km s-1. The three different eclipses monitored by XMM-Newton suggest a broad range in cloud velocities (by a factor of similar to 4-5). Moreover, two iron absorption lines clearly associated with each eclipse suggest the presence of highly ionized gas around the obscuring clouds and an outflow component of the velocity spanning from 3000 to 15 000 km s-1. C1 [Risaliti, G.; Elvis, M.; Fabbiano, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Risaliti, G.; Salvati, M.; Torricelli-Ciamponi, G.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, Florence, Italy. [Nardini, E.; Pietrini, P.] Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. [Maiolino, R.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. RP Risaliti, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM grisaliti@cfa.harvard.edu OI Risaliti, Guido/0000-0002-3556-977X FU NASA [NNX07AR90G] FX This work has been funded by NASA Grant NNX07AR90G. NR 33 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 410 IS 2 BP 1027 EP 1035 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17503.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 700TA UT WOS:000285766000024 ER PT J AU Shcherbakov, RV Huang, L AF Shcherbakov, Roman V. Huang, Lei TI General relativistic polarized radiative transfer: building a dynamics-observations interface SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; plasmas; polarization; radiation mechanisms: general; radiative transfer; Galaxy: centre ID DRIVEN ACCRETION FLOWS; SGR A-ASTERISK; BLACK-HOLE; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; STOKES PARAMETERS; MHD SIMULATION; DISK; SAGITTARIUS; EMISSION; MODELS AB The rising number of polarized observations of relativistic sources necessitates a correct theory for proper model fitting. The equations for general relativistic (GR) polarized radiative transfer are derived starting from the Boltzmann equation and basic ideas of general relativity. The derivation is aimed at providing a practical guide to reproducing the synchrotron part of radio and submillimetre emission from low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs), in particular Sgr A*, and jets. A recipe for the fast exact calculation of cyclo-synchrotron emissivities, absorptivities, Faraday rotation and conversion coefficients is given for isotropic particle distributions. The multitude of physical effects influencing simulated spectra is discussed. The application of the prescribed technique is necessary to determine the black hole spin in LLAGNs. The observations of total flux, linear and circular polarization fractions, and electric vector position angle as functions of the observed frequency could substantially constrain the absolute value and orientation of spin. C1 [Shcherbakov, Roman V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Huang, Lei] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Huang, Lei] Shanghai Astron Observ, Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Huang, Lei] Univ Sci & Technol China, Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. RP Shcherbakov, RV (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rshcherbakov@cfa.harvard.edu FU NASA [NNX08AX04H]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [20090450822] FX The work was partially supported by NASA grant NNX08AX04H to RVS and a China Postdoctoral Science Foundation grant 20090450822 to LH. NR 44 TC 21 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 410 IS 2 BP 1052 EP 1063 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17502.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 700TA UT WOS:000285766000026 ER PT J AU Copperwheat, CM Marsh, TR Littlefair, SP Dhillon, VS Ramsay, G Drake, AJ Gansicke, BT Groot, PJ Hakala, P Koester, D Nelemans, G Roelofs, G Southworth, J Steeghs, D Tulloch, S AF Copperwheat, C. M. Marsh, T. R. Littlefair, S. P. Dhillon, V. S. Ramsay, G. Drake, A. J. Gaensicke, B. T. Groot, P. J. Hakala, P. Koester, D. Nelemans, G. Roelofs, G. Southworth, J. Steeghs, D. Tulloch, S. TI SDSS J0926+3624: the shortest period eclipsing binary star SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries: close; binaries: eclipsing; stars: individual: SDSS J0926+3624; white dwarfs; novae, cataclysmic variables ID AM-CANUM-VENATICORUM; DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; OR-EQUAL-TO; WHITE-DWARF; CVN STARS; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; X-RAY; ORBITAL PERIOD; SUPERHUMPS AB With orbital periods of the order of tens of minutes or less, the AM Canum Venaticorum stars are ultracompact, hydrogen-deficient binaries with the shortest periods of any binary subclass, and are expected to be among the strongest gravitational wave sources in the sky. To date, the only known eclipsing source of this type is the P = 28 min binary SDSS J0926+3624. We present multiband, high time resolution light curves of this system, collected with William Herschel Telescope (WHT)/ULTRACAM in 2006 and 2009. We supplement these data with additional observations made with Liverpool Telescope/Rapid Imager to Search for Exoplanets (LT/RISE), XMM-Newton and the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey. From light curve models we determine the mass ratio to be q = M(2)/M(1) = 0.041 +/- 0.002 and the inclination to be . We calculate the mass of the primary white dwarf to be 0.85 +/- 0.04 M(circle dot) and the donor to be 0.035 +/- 0.003 M(circle dot), implying a partially degenerate state for this component. We observe superhump variations that are characteristic of an elliptical, precessing accretion disc. Our determination of the superhump period excess is in agreement with the established relationship between this parameter and the mass ratio, and is the most precise calibration of this relationship at low q. We also observe a quasi-periodic oscillation in the 2006 data, and we examine the outbursting behaviour of the system over a 4.5 year period. C1 [Copperwheat, C. M.; Marsh, T. R.; Gaensicke, B. T.; Steeghs, D.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Littlefair, S. P.; Dhillon, V. S.; Tulloch, S.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. [Ramsay, G.] Armagh Observ, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland. [Drake, A. J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91225 USA. [Groot, P. J.; Nelemans, G.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Hakala, P.] Univ Turku, Tuorla Observ, Finnish Ctr Astron ESO, FIN-21500 Piikkio, Finland. [Koester, D.] Univ Kiel, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. [Roelofs, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Southworth, J.] Keele Univ, Astrophys Grp, Newcastle Under Lyme ST5 5BG, England. RP Copperwheat, CM (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. EM c.copperwheat@warwick.ac.uk RI Gaensicke, Boris/A-9421-2012; Nelemans, Gijs/D-3177-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016; OI Gaensicke, Boris/0000-0002-2761-3005; Nelemans, Gijs/0000-0002-0752-2974; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X; Littlefair, Stuart/0000-0001-7221-855X FU Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/F002599/1, PP/D002370/1, PP/E001777/1]; UK Science and Technology Facilities Council; ESA Member States; NASA [NNG05GF22G] FX CMC and TRM are supported under grant ST/F002599/1 from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). ULTRACAM, VSD and SPL are supported by STFC grants PP/D002370/1 and PP/E001777/1. DS acknowledges the support of an STFC Advanced Fellowship. The results presented in this paper are based on observations made with the WHT operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Institutio de Astrofisica de Canarias; observations made with the Liverpool Telescope operated on the island of La Palma by Liverpool John Moores University in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias with financial support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council; and on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and NASA. The CSS survey is funded by NASA under grant NNG05GF22G issued through the Science Mission Directorate Near-Earth Objects Observations Program. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services and the SIMBAD data base, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. NR 69 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 410 IS 2 BP 1113 EP 1129 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17508.x PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 700TA UT WOS:000285766000031 ER PT J AU Paul, VJ Ritson-Williams, R Sharp, K AF Paul, Valerie J. Ritson-Williams, Raphael Sharp, Koty TI Marine chemical ecology in benthic environments SO NATURAL PRODUCT REPORTS LA English DT Review ID POLYCHAETE HYDROIDS-ELEGANS; ACYL-HOMOSERINE LACTONE; PACIFIC SOFT-CORAL; SOUTH CHINA SEA; UCIDES-CORDATUS OCYPODIDAE; SPONGE APLYSINA-AEROPHOBA; MUCUS-ASSOCIATED BACTERIA; MANGROVE CRAB MEGALOPAE; MUSSEL PERNA-VIRIDIS; MALE PEACOCK BLENNY AB This review covers the recent marine chemical ecology literature for benthic bacteria and cyanobacteria, macroalgae, sponges, cnidarians, crustaceans, molluscs, other benthic invertebrates, fish and seabirds. C1 [Paul, Valerie J.; Ritson-Williams, Raphael; Sharp, Koty] Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Paul, VJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM Paul@si.edu FU Smithsonian Hunterdon Oceanographic Fund; Philip Goelet Postdoctoral Fellowship FX We would like to thank all of the authors who provided us with their reprints and papers that were in press. We are grateful to Sarath Gunasekera who assisted with the structures. The authors have been supported by the Smithsonian Hunterdon Oceanographic Fund and the Philip Goelet Postdoctoral Fellowship. This is contribution #837 of the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. NR 270 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 80 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0265-0568 EI 1460-4752 J9 NAT PROD REP JI Nat. Prod. Rep. PY 2011 VL 28 IS 2 BP 345 EP 387 DI 10.1039/c0np00040j PG 43 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 711TI UT WOS:000286613900006 PM 21125086 ER PT J AU Berger, E AF Berger, Edo TI The environments of short-duration gamma-ray bursts and implications for their progenitors SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; NEUTRON-STAR MERGERS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; HOST GALAXY; FORMATION RATES; OPTICAL AFTERGLOW; EXTENDED EMISSION; ENERGY RESERVOIR AB The study of short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) experienced a complete revolution in recent years thanks to the discovery of the first afterglows and host galaxies starting in May 2005. These observations demonstrated that short GRBs are cosmological in origin, reside in both star forming and elliptical galaxies, are not associated with supernovae, and span a wide isotropic-equivalent energy range of similar to 10(48)- 10(52) erg. However, a fundamental question remains unanswered: What are the progenitors of short GRBs? The most popular theoretical model invokes the coalescence of compact object binaries with neutron star and/or black hole constituents. However, additional possibilities exist, including magnetars formed through prompt channels (massive star core-collapse) and delayed channels (binary white dwarf mergers, white dwarf accretion-induced collapse), or accretion-induced collapse of neutron stars. In this review I summarize our current knowledge of the galactic and sub-galactic environments of short GRBs, and use these observations to draw inferences about the progenitor population. The most crucial results are: (i) some short GRBs explode in dead elliptical galaxies; (ii) the majority of short GRBs occur in star forming galaxies; (iii) the star forming hosts of short GRBs are distinct from those of long GRBs, and instead appear to be drawn from the general field galaxy population; (iv) the physical offsets of short GRBs relative to their host galaxy centers are significantly larger than for long GRBs; (v) there is tentative evidence for large offsets from short GRBs with optical afterglows and no coincident hosts; (vi) the observed offset distribution is in good agreement with predictions for NS-NS binary mergers; and (vii) short GRBs trace under-luminous locations within their hosts, but appear to be more closely correlated with the rest-frame optical light (old stars) than the UV light (young massive stars). Taken together, these observations suggest that short GRB progenitors belong to an old stellar population with a wide age distribution, and generally track stellar mass. These results are fully consistent with NS-NS binary mergers and rule out a dominant population of prompt magnetars. However, a partial contribution from delayed magnetar formation or accretion-induced collapse is also consistent with the data. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Berger, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM eberger@cfa.harvard.edu FU NASA [NNX09AO98G, GO9-0066X, NAS8-03060]; NSF FX I thank my collaborators on this work, D.B. Fox, E. Nakar, W. Fong, S.B. Cenko, and A.M. Soderberg. Observations used in this work were obtained with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile, and the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia (Brazil) and Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologea e Innovacien Productiva (Argentina). Support for this work was provided by NASA/Swift Guest Investigator Grant NNX09AO98G, and by NASA/Chandra Award No. GO9-0066X issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under Contract NAS8-03060. NR 106 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 55 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2010.10.001 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 745QM UT WOS:000289180700001 ER PT J AU Wanek, W Zotz, G AF Wanek, Wolfgang Zotz, Gerhard TI Are vascular epiphytes nitrogen or phosphorus limited? A study of plant N-15 fractionation and foliar N:P stoichiometry with the tank bromeliad Vriesea sanguinolenta SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE N : P stoichiometry; nutrient limitation; plant N-15 fractionation; tank bromeliad; delta N-15 ID STABLE ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; N-P STOICHIOMETRY; COSTA-RICA; RAIN-FOREST; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; TROPICAL FORESTS; NUTRIENT STATUS; CANOPY; SOIL; LIMITATION AB Although there is unambiguous evidence for vascular epiphytic plants to be limited by insufficient water and nutrient supply under natural conditions, it is an open debate whether they are primarily phosphorus (P) or nitrogen (N) limited. Plant N-15 fractionation and foliar N : P stoichiometry of a tank epiphyte (Vriesea sanguinolenta), and its response to combined N-P fertilization, were studied under semi-natural conditions over 334 d to clarify the type of nutrient limitation. Plants collected in the field and experimental plants with limited nutrient supply showed significant plant N-15 fractionation (mean 5%) and plant N : P ratios of c. 13.5. Higher relative growth rates and declines in plant N-15 fractionation (0.5 parts per thousand) and in foliar N : P ratios to 8.5 in the high N-P treatment indicated that these epiphytes were P limited in situ. The critical foliar N : P ratio was 10.4, as derived from the breakpoint in the relationship between plant N-15 fractionation and foliar N : P. We interpret the widespread N-15 depletion of vascular epiphytes relative to their host trees as deriving from N-15 fractionation of epiphytes as a result of P limitation. High foliar N : P ratios (> 12) corroborate widespread P limitation (or co-limitation by N and P) of epiphytic bromeliads and, possibly, other epiphyte species. C1 [Wanek, Wolfgang] Univ Vienna, Dept Chem Ecol & Ecosyst Res, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Zotz, Gerhard] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. [Zotz, Gerhard] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Wanek, W (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Dept Chem Ecol & Ecosyst Res, Althanstr 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. EM wolfgang.wanek@univie.ac.at RI Wanek, Wolfgang/E-7001-2012 OI Wanek, Wolfgang/0000-0003-2178-8258 NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2011 VL 192 IS 2 BP 462 EP 470 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03812.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 825MS UT WOS:000295282700019 PM 21729088 ER PT J AU Peppe, DJ Royer, DL Cariglino, B Oliver, SY Newman, S Leight, E Enikolopov, G Fernandez-Burgos, M Herrera, F Adams, JM Correa, E Currano, ED Erickson, JM Hinojosa, LF Hoganson, JW Iglesias, A Jaramillo, CA Johnson, KR Jordan, GJ Kraft, NJB Lovelock, EC Lusk, CH Niinemets, U Penuelas, J Rapson, G Wing, SL Wright, IJ AF Peppe, Daniel J. Royer, Dana L. Cariglino, Barbara Oliver, Sofia Y. Newman, Sharon Leight, Elias Enikolopov, Grisha Fernandez-Burgos, Margo Herrera, Fabiany Adams, Jonathan M. Correa, Edwin Currano, Ellen D. Erickson, J. Mark Felipe Hinojosa, Luis Hoganson, John W. Iglesias, Ari Jaramillo, Carlos A. Johnson, Kirk R. Jordan, Gregory J. Kraft, Nathan J. B. Lovelock, Elizabeth C. Lusk, Christopher H. Niinemets, Uelo Penuelas, Josep Rapson, Gillian Wing, Scott L. Wright, Ian J. TI Sensitivity of leaf size and shape to climate: global patterns and paleoclimatic applications SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE climate proxies; leaf lifespan; leaf physiognomy; paleobotany; paleoclimate; phylogeny; precipitation; temperature ID EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM; NEOTROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; MARGIN ANALYSIS; SOUTH-AMERICA; FOSSIL LEAVES; PALEOPRECIPITATION INDICATORS; TAPHONOMIC CONSTRAINTS; COEXISTENCE APPROACH; OKANAGAN HIGHLANDS; CERREJON FORMATION AB P>Paleobotanists have long used models based on leaf size and shape to reconstruct paleoclimate. However, most models incorporate a single variable or use traits that are not physiologically or functionally linked to climate, limiting their predictive power. Further, they often underestimate paleotemperature relative to other proxies. Here we quantify leaf-climate correlations from 92 globally distributed, climatically diverse sites, and explore potential confounding factors. Multiple linear regression models for mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) are developed and applied to nine well-studied fossil floras. We find that leaves in cold climates typically have larger, more numerous teeth, and are more highly dissected. Leaf habit (deciduous vs evergreen), local water availability, and phylogenetic history all affect these relationships. Leaves in wet climates are larger and have fewer, smaller teeth. Our multivariate MAT and MAP models offer moderate improvements in precision over univariate approaches (+/- 4.0 vs 4.8 degrees C for MAT) and strong improvements in accuracy. For example, our provisional MAT estimates for most North American fossil floras are considerably warmer and in better agreement with independent paleoclimate evidence. Our study demonstrates that the inclusion of additional leaf traits that are functionally linked to climate improves paleoclimate reconstructions. This work also illustrates the need for better understanding of the impact of phylogeny and leaf habit on leaf-climate relationships. C1 [Peppe, Daniel J.; Royer, Dana L.; Oliver, Sofia Y.; Newman, Sharon; Leight, Elias; Enikolopov, Grisha; Fernandez-Burgos, Margo] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Peppe, Daniel J.] Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Cariglino, Barbara] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cariglino, Barbara] Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat Bernardino Rivadavia, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Herrera, Fabiany] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Herrera, Fabiany] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Adams, Jonathan M.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Seoul 151, South Korea. [Correa, Edwin; Jaramillo, Carlos A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Currano, Ellen D.] Miami Univ Ohio, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Erickson, J. Mark] St Lawrence Univ, Dept Geol, Canton, NY 13617 USA. [Felipe Hinojosa, Luis] Univ Chile, Fac Sci, Inst Ecol & Biodivers, Santiago, Chile. [Hoganson, John W.] N Dakota Geol Survey, Bismarck, ND 58505 USA. [Iglesias, Ari] Natl Univ La Plata, Fac Ciencias Nat & Museo, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. [Johnson, Kirk R.] Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Denver, CO 80205 USA. [Jordan, Gregory J.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Plant Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Kraft, Nathan J. B.] Univ British Columbia, Biodivers Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Lovelock, Elizabeth C.] John Day Fossil Beds Natl Monument, Natl Pk Serv, Kimberly, OR 97848 USA. [Lovelock, Elizabeth C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lusk, Christopher H.; Wright, Ian J.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Niinemets, Uelo] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. [Penuelas, Josep] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Global Ecol Unit CREAF CEAB CSIC, Ctr Ecol Res & Forestry Applicat, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Rapson, Gillian] Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Ecol Grp, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Wing, Scott L.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Peppe, DJ (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. EM daniel_peppe@baylor.edu RI Niinemets, Ulo/A-3816-2008; Kraft, Nathan/A-2817-2012; Hinojosa, Luis Felipe/A-7599-2008; Wright, Ian/G-4979-2012; Jordan, Gregory/B-3932-2013; Penuelas, Josep/D-9704-2011; Peppe, Daniel/E-8449-2011; OI Wing, Scott/0000-0002-2954-8905; Niinemets, Ulo/0000-0002-3078-2192; Kraft, Nathan/0000-0001-8867-7806; Hinojosa, Luis Felipe/0000-0001-5646-649X; Wright, Ian/0000-0001-8338-9143; Jordan, Gregory/0000-0002-6033-2766; Penuelas, Josep/0000-0002-7215-0150; Peppe, Daniel/0000-0003-4263-133X; Royer, Dana/0000-0003-0976-953X FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-0742363]; National Geographic Society [DEB-0345750, DEB-0919071, NGS 7337-02] FX Work at Wesleyan was supported primarily by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (grant EAR-0742363 to DLR). Funding for the Patagonia fossil collections (Laguna del Hunco and P. Loros) was supported by NSF and the National Geographic Society (grants DEB-0345750, DEB-0919071, and NGS 7337-02 to Peter Wilf and others). We thank Wesleyan students C. Ariori, A. Bobman, C. Coleman, G. Doria, S. Kim, O. Korol, E. Mendelsohn, M. Moody, J. Schroder, S. Schwarz and S. Wicaksono for help with photography and image processing, N. Cuneo, P. Wilf, P. Puerta, L. Canessa, M. Caffa, E. Ruigomez, R. Horwitt, K. Rega, E. Perkons for assistance with the Patagonian fossils, S. Gunter for help with photography, K. Wilson, I. Schonberger, J. Cruickshank and L. van Essen for help pulling herbarium sheets, D. Warton for helpful discussions about statistics, P. Resor for GIS help, R. Spicer for information about CLAMP sites, M. Lyon for leaf images, L. Hickey, S. Hu and P. Sweeny for help collecting and identifying herbs, K. Saleh for assistance identifying specimens from Malaysia, the Nahueltripay family for land access to Laguna del Hunco, the Brown, Clark, Davis, Hanson, Krutzfeld, Van Daele, Walser and Weinreiss families, the Horse Creek Grazing Association and the United States Forest Service for land access to the Williston Basin localities, the North Dakota Department of Transportation for permission to excavate the Fox Hills locality, the Stonerose Interpretive Center for access to the Republic locality, the Bureau of Land Management for access to the Bonanza site, D. Greenwood, an anonymous reviewer and D. Ackerly for comments that improved this manuscript, and especially P. Wilf for his intellectual support during early phases of the project and for comments on manuscript drafts. NR 126 TC 114 Z9 125 U1 9 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2011 VL 190 IS 3 BP 724 EP 739 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03615.x PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 751TX UT WOS:000289641600022 PM 21294735 ER PT J AU Ruiz-Jaen, MC Potvin, C AF Ruiz-Jaen, Maria C. Potvin, Catherine TI Can we predict carbon stocks in tropical ecosystems from tree diversity? Comparing species and functional diversity in a plantation and a natural forest SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE dominance; functional trait diversity; functional traits; mixed-species plantations; Panama; species diversity; tree carbon storage; tropical forests ID RAIN-FOREST; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; LEAF TRAITS; ECOLOGICAL VARIATION; LIGHT AVAILABILITY; AMAZONIAN FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WOOD DENSITY; BIODIVERSITY; BIOMASS AB Linking tree diversity to carbon storage can provide further motivation to conserve tropical forests and to design carbon-enriched plantations. Here, we examine the role of tree diversity and functional traits in determining carbon storage in a mixed-species plantation and in a natural tropical forest in Panama. We used species richness, functional trait diversity, species dominance and functional trait dominance to predict tree carbon storage across these two forests. Then we compared the species ranking based on wood density, maximum diameter, maximum height, and leaf mass per area (LMA) between sites to reveal how these values changed between different forests. Increased species richness, a higher proportion of nitrogen fixers and species with low LMA increased carbon storage in the mixed-species plantation, while a higher proportion of large trees and species with high LMA increased tree carbon storage in the natural forest. Furthermore, we found that tree species varied greatly in their absolute and relative values between study sites. Different results in different forests mean that we cannot easily predict carbon storage capacity in natural forests using data from experimental plantations. Managers should be cautious when applying functional traits measured in natural populations in the design of carbon-enriched plantations. C1 [Ruiz-Jaen, Maria C.; Potvin, Catherine] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Potvin, Catherine] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Ruiz-Jaen, MC (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Biol, 1205 Dr Penfield, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. EM maria.ruizjaen@mail.mcgill.ca FU Panamanian Government through the IFARHU-SENACYT; Canadian Government; FH Levinson Fund; [NSERC] FX Authors were supported by the Panamanian Government through the IFARHU-SENACYT (M.C.R-J.) and the Canadian Government with the Discovery Grant from NSERC (C. P.). The FH Levinson Fund supported plant trait measurements for Barro Colorado Island. National Science and McArthur Foundations supported the 50-ha plot censuses. We thank Andy Jones, Richard Norby and three anonymous reviewers for insightful comments on previous versions of the manuscript. We thank Cristina Salvador, David Brassfield, Sebastian Bernal, Paulino Villarreal, Eduardo Medina, Rolando Perez, Salomon Aguilar and Javier Ballesteros for collecting traits for BCI data. Jose Monteza, Lady Mancilla and Jurgis Sapijanskas collected trait and light availability data in Sardinilla. NR 89 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2011 VL 189 IS 4 BP 978 EP 987 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03501.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 716BS UT WOS:000286940500011 PM 20958305 ER PT S AU Garcia, M Elvis, M Chappell, J Brenneman, L Patnaude, D Evans, I Bruni, R Romaine, S Silver, E Willingale, R Fraser, G Turner, TJ Ramsey, B AF Garcia, Michael Elvis, Martin Chappell, Jon Brenneman, Laura Patnaude, Daniel Evans, Ian Bruni, Ricardo Romaine, Suzanne Silver, Eric Willingale, Richard Fraser, George Turner, T. J. Ramsey, Brian BE ODell, SL Pareschi, G TI The Extreme Physics Explorer and Large Area Micro-Channel Plate Optics SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy V/SPIE Optics + Photonics International Symposium on Optical Engineering + Applications CY AUG 23-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray astronomy; X-ray missions; X-ray optics; black holes; neutron stars ID MAGNETIZED NEUTRON-STARS; SOFT GAMMA-REPEATERS; X-RAY; BLACK-HOLE; ACCRETION; SPECTRA AB The Extreme Physics Explorer (EPE) is a concept timing/spectroscopy mission that would use micro-channel plate optics (MCPO) to provide 4m(2) effective area focused to similar to 1 arc-min onto an X-ray calorimeter. We describe science drivers for such a mission, possible designs for the large area MCPO needed for EPE, and the challenges of the large area MCPO design. C1 [Garcia, Michael; Elvis, Martin; Chappell, Jon; Brenneman, Laura; Patnaude, Daniel; Evans, Ian; Bruni, Ricardo; Romaine, Suzanne; Silver, Eric] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Garcia, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM garcia@cfa.harvard.edu NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8757-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8147 AR 81471N DI 10.1117/12.894261 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BBA80 UT WOS:000306321500056 ER PT S AU Rho, J Andersen, M Tappe, A Reach, WT Bernard, JP Hewitt, J AF Rho, J. Andersen, M. Tappe, A. Reach, W. T. Bernard, J. P. Hewitt, J. BE Joblin, C Tielens, AGGM TI PAH AND DUST PROCESSING IN SUPERNOVA REMNANTS SO PAHS AND THE UNIVERSE: A SYMPOSIUM TO CELEBRATE THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE PAH HYPOTHESIS SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium to Celebrate the 25th Anniversary of the PAH Hypothesis CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2010 CL Univ Toulouse, Toulouse, FRANCE SP CESR, LCPQ, CNRS, Univ Toulouse, INSU CNRS, Univ Paul Sabatier, CNES, Region Midi Pyrenees, Minist Enseignement Superieur & Rech, ESA, IRSAMC UPS, INC CNRS, Reseau Chimie Theor, INP CNRS, Departement Haute Garonne HO Univ Toulouse ID INTERSTELLAR DUST; EMISSION; GALAXY AB I present observations of shock-processed PAHs and dust in supernova remnants (SNRs). Supernova shocks are one of the primary sites destroying, fragmenting and altering interstellar PAHs and dust. Studies of PAHs through supernova shocks had been limited because of confusion with PAHs in background emission. Spitzer observations with high sensitivity and resolution allow us to separate PAHs associated with the SNRs and unrelated, Galactic PAHs. In the young SNR N132D, PAH features are detected with a higher PAH ratio of 15-20/7.7 mu m than those of other astronomical objects, and we suggest large PAHs have survived behind the shock. We present the spectra of additional 14 SNRs observed with Spitzer IRS and MIPS SED covering the range of 5-90 mu m. Bright PAH features from 6.2 to 15-20 mu m are detected from many of SNRs which emit molecular hydrogen lines, indicating that both large and small PAHs survive in low velocity shocks. We observe a strong correlation between PAH detection and carbonaceous small grains, while a few SNRs with dominant silicate dust lack PAR features. We characterize PAHs depending on the shock velocity, preshock density and temperature of hot gas, and discuss PAH and dust processing in shocks and implication of PAR and dust cycles in ISM. C1 [Rho, J.; Reach, W. T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA Sci Mission Operat USRA, MS 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Andersen, M.] European Space Agcy, ESTEC, Dept Res & Sci Support, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Tappe, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bernard, J. P.] CNRS, Ctr Etude Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. [Hewitt, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Rho, J (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA Sci Mission Operat USRA, MS 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jrho@sofia.usra.edu OI Reach, William/0000-0001-8362-4094 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-0624-9 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2011 VL 46 BP 169 EP + DI 10.1051/eas/1146018 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BVJ75 UT WOS:000291672700018 ER PT J AU Jaramillo, CA Rueda, M Torres, V AF Jaramillo, Carlos A. Rueda, Milton Torres, Vladimir TI A palynological zonation for the Cenozoic of the Llanos and Llanos Foothills of Colombia SO PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cenozoic; tropics; pollen; zonation; biostratigraphy; South America ID EASTERN CORDILLERA; FALCON STATE; DIVERSITY; NEOGENE; PALEOCENE; VENEZUELA; EVOLUTION AB Hydrocarbon exploration in the Llanos Foothills of Colombia has intensified during the past several decades. Exploration in this region is problematic owing to structural complexities, rapid lateral facies changes, and the difficulties of acquiring good seismic imaging. These elements increase the uncertainties about the prognosis and subsequent drilling of exploratory wells. Under these conditions, biostratigraphy can play a significant role in the exploratory process. In the Llanos Foothills, palynology is the most useful biostratigraphic tool because pollen is the most abundant fossil group. In this study we analyze pollen information from 70 sections (624,744 palynomorph grains from 6707 samples) to construct a biostratigraphic zonation for the Llanos Foothills and Llanos basins. Using both graphic correlation and constrained optimization in our analysis, we propose 18 palynological zones for the Cenozoic of the Llanos and Llanos Foothills. These zones are tied to the geological timescale using 18 calibration points that include carbon isotopes, foraminifera, and magnetostratigraphy. C1 [Jaramillo, Carlos A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst Balboa, Balboa, Panama. [Rueda, Milton] Paleoflora Ltd, Bucaramanga, Colombia. [Torres, Vladimir] Colombian Petr Inst, Bucaramanga, Colombia. RP Jaramillo, CA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst Balboa, Balboa, Panama. EM jaramilloc@si.edu FU Colombian Petroleum Institute; Smithsonian Paleobiology Endowment Fund FX This project was supported by the Colombian Petroleum Institute and the Smithsonian Paleobiology Endowment Fund. Thanks to Guy Harrington and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. The biostratigraphy teams both at the Colombian Petroleum Institute and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute including Giovanny Bedoya, Millerlandy Romero, Diana Ochoa, Carlos Sanchez, Guillermo Rodriguez, Carlos Cuartas, Felipe De La Parra, Lineth Contreras, Paula Mejia, Pilar Lopera, Silane Da Silva, Carlos Santos, Carolina Vargas, Argelis Ruiz, Leopoldo Leon, Catalina Pimiento, Luz Oviedo, Mauricio Parra, Andres Mora, Francy Carvajal, Fatima Leite, and several external collaborators including German Mora, Humberto Gonzales, Pi Willumsen, Andres Pardo, and Patrice Brenac that helped with logistic support, fieldwork, and palynological analyses. Carlos Cuartas developed and ran the code for the CONOP analysis. Natasha Atkins improved the readiblity of the manuscript. Special thanks go to M. I. Barreto and Lucia Ardila for their continuous support and ideas. NR 64 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0191-6122 EI 1558-9188 J9 PALYNOLOGY JI Palynology PY 2011 VL 35 IS 1 BP 46 EP 84 DI 10.1080/01916122.2010.515069 PG 39 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA 805QK UT WOS:000293743900004 ER PT J AU Schneps, M James, B AF Schneps, M. James, B. TI Dyslexia linked to spatial learning advantages in contexts dominated by low-spatial frequencies SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schneps, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [James, B.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM mschneps@cfa.harvard.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 2011 VL 40 SU S BP 167 EP 168 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Ophthalmology; Psychology GA V27PI UT WOS:000208624700536 ER PT J AU Payne, JL McClain, CR Boyer, AG Brown, JH Finnegan, S Kowalewski, M Krause, RA Lyons, SK McShea, DW Novack-Gottshall, PM Smith, FA Spaeth, P Stempien, JA Wang, SC AF Payne, Jonathan L. McClain, Craig R. Boyer, Alison G. Brown, James H. Finnegan, Seth Kowalewski, Michal Krause, Richard A., Jr. Lyons, S. Kathleen McShea, Daniel W. Novack-Gottshall, Philip M. Smith, Felisa A. Spaeth, Paula Stempien, Jennifer A. Wang, Steve C. TI The evolutionary consequences of oxygenic photosynthesis: a body size perspective SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Body size; Oxygen; Evolution; Precambrian; Maximum size; Optimum size ID ALLIGATOR ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; PERMIAN MASS EXTINCTION; HIGH O-2 CONCENTRATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN; HIGH-ALTITUDE; GAS-EXCHANGE; DEEP-SEA; CHRONIC HYPOXIA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; METABOLIC-RATE AB The high concentration of molecular oxygen in Earth's atmosphere is arguably the most conspicuous and geologically important signature of life. Earth's early atmosphere lacked oxygen; accumulation began after the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis in cyanobacteria around 3.0-2.5 billion years ago (Gya). Concentrations of oxygen have since varied, first reaching near-modern values similar to 600 million years ago (Mya). These fluctuations have been hypothesized to constrain many biological patterns, among them the evolution of body size. Here, we review the state of knowledge relating oxygen availability to body size. Laboratory studies increasingly illuminate the mechanisms by which organisms can adapt physiologically to the variation in oxygen availability, but the extent to which these findings can be extrapolated to evolutionary timescales remains poorly understood. Experiments confirm that animal size is limited by experimental hypoxia, but show that plant vegetative growth is enhanced due to reduced photorespiration at lower O-2:CO2. Field studies of size distributions across extant higher taxa and individual species in the modern provide qualitative support for a correlation between animal and protist size and oxygen availability, but few allow prediction of maximum or mean size from oxygen concentrations in unstudied regions. There is qualitative support for a link between oxygen availability and body size from the fossil record of protists and animals, but there have been few quantitative analyses confirming or refuting this impression. As oxygen transport limits the thickness or volume-to-surface area ratio-rather than mass or volume-predictions of maximum possible size cannot be constructed simply from metabolic rate and oxygen availability. Thus, it remains difficult to confirm that the largest representatives of fossil or living taxa are limited by oxygen transport rather than other factors. Despite the challenges of integrating findings from experiments on model organisms, comparative observations across living species, and fossil specimens spanning millions to billions of years, numerous tractable avenues of research could greatly improve quantitative constraints on the role of oxygen in the macroevolutionary history of organismal size. C1 [Payne, Jonathan L.; Finnegan, Seth] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [McClain, Craig R.] Natl Evolutionary Synth Ctr NESCent, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Boyer, Alison G.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Brown, James H.; Smith, Felisa A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kowalewski, Michal] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Krause, Richard A., Jr.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Lyons, S. Kathleen] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [McShea, Daniel W.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Novack-Gottshall, Philip M.] Benedictine Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. [Spaeth, Paula] Northland Coll, Dept Nat Resources, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Stempien, Jennifer A.] Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Geol, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. [Wang, Steve C.] Swarthmore Coll, Dept Math & Stat, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. RP Payne, JL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, 450 Serra Mall,Bldg 320, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jlpayne@stanford.edu RI Krause, Richard/C-8724-2009; Kowalewski, Michal/B-4263-2008; Payne, Jonathan/A-1240-2007; Payne, Jonathan/B-8088-2012; OI Krause, Richard/0000-0001-5619-4551; Kowalewski, Michal/0000-0002-8575-4711; Payne, Jonathan/0000-0002-9601-3310; Wang, Steve/0000-0002-8953-285X; Boyer, Alison/0000-0002-4252-9725; McClain, Craig/0000-0003-0574-428X; Novack-Gottshall, Philip/0000-0002-2583-2968 FU National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent), National Science Foundation [EF-0423641] FX This review is a product of the working group on body size evolution (principal investigators JLP, JAS, and MK) funded by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent), National Science Foundation Grant EF-0423641. P. Falkowski, P. Harnik, J. Skotheim, and N. Sleep provided comments that greatly improved the manuscript. We thank G. X. Rothdrake for correcting the body size estimate of the Ordovician cephalopod. NR 213 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 64 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 EI 1573-5079 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 107 IS 1 BP 37 EP 57 DI 10.1007/s11120-010-9593-1 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 706EB UT WOS:000286199300004 PM 20821265 ER PT J AU Kuznetsova, E Rittenhouse, ST Sadeghpour, HR Yelin, SF AF Kuznetsova, Elena Rittenhouse, Seth T. Sadeghpour, H. R. Yelin, Susanne F. TI Rydberg atom mediated polar molecule interactions: a tool for molecular-state conditional quantum gates and individual addressability SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMMUNICATION; TRANSITIONS AB We study the possibility to use interaction between a polar molecule in the ground electronic and vibrational state and a Rydberg atom to construct two-qubit gates between molecular qubits and to coherently control molecular states. A polar molecule within the electron orbit in a Rydberg atom can either shift the Rydberg state, or form a Rydberg molecule. Both the atomic shift and the Rydberg molecule states depend on the initial internal state of the polar molecule, resulting in molecular state dependent van der Waals or dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms. Rydberg atoms mediated interaction between polar molecules can be enhanced up to 10(3) times. We describe how the coupling between a polar molecule and a Rydberg atom can be applied to coherently control molecular states, and specifically, to individually address molecules in an optical lattice, and to non-destructively readout molecular qubits. C1 [Kuznetsova, Elena; Yelin, Susanne F.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Kuznetsova, Elena; Rittenhouse, Seth T.; Sadeghpour, H. R.; Yelin, Susanne F.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kuznetsova, E (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM lenak@phys.uconn.edu FU AFOSR under the MURI [FA9550-09-1-0588]; NSF FX The authors thank Timur Tscherbul for calculating g-factors for the 2Pi3/2 state of CH and many fruitful discussions. The work was supported by the AFOSR under the MURI award FA9550-09-1-0588 and NSF via a grant to ITAMP at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and Harvard Physics Department. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 38 BP 17115 EP 17121 DI 10.1039/c1cp21476d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 823NC UT WOS:000295128000023 PM 21869969 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Dalgarno, A Cote, R Bodo, E AF Zhang, Peng Dalgarno, Alexander Cote, Robin Bodo, Enrico TI Charge exchange in collisions of beryllium with its ion SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLAR-MOLECULES; COLD MOLECULES; NUMEROV METHOD; GROUND-STATE; APPROXIMATION; ATOM; EQUATION; MOMENTS; BE2+ AB Close-coupling calculations of the resonance and near resonance charge exchange in ion-atom collisions of Be(2)(+) at low and intermediate energies are presented. Accurate ab initio calculations are carried out of the Born-Oppenheimer potentials and the non-adiabatic couplings that are due to the finite nuclear masses and drive the near resonance charge exchange. We show that the near resonance charge exchange cross section follows Wigner's threshold law of inelastic processes for energies below 10(-8) eV and that the zero temperature rate constant for it is 4.5 x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1). At collision energies much larger than the isotope shift of the ionization potentials of the atoms, we show that the near resonance charge exchange process is equivalent to the resonance charge exchange with cross sections having a logarithmic dependence. We also investigate the perturbation to the charge exchange process due to the non-adiabatic interaction to an electronic excited state. We show that the influence is negligible at low temperatures and still small at intermediate energies despite the presence of resonances. C1 [Bodo, Enrico] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Chem, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Zhang, Peng; Dalgarno, Alexander] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cote, Robin] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, U3046, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Bodo, E (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Chem, I-00185 Rome, Italy. EM bodo@caspur.it RI Bodo, Enrico/F-4375-2012 FU Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division of the Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, US Department of Energy; NSF through the Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms; NSF [0653449] FX This research was partly supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division of the Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, US Department of Energy and partly by the NSF through the Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms (AD and PZ). EB acknowledges travel support from the Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics which is funded by the NSF. RC was supported by the NSF grant (0653449). We are grateful for the valuable discussions with Prof. V. Kharchenko. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 42 BP 19026 EP 19035 DI 10.1039/c1cp21494b PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 835HP UT WOS:000296027500040 PM 21799991 ER PT J AU Sawyer, BC Stuhl, BK Yeo, M Tscherbul, TV Hummon, MT Xia, Y Kios, J Patterson, D Doyle, JM Ye, J AF Sawyer, Brian C. Stuhl, Benjamin K. Yeo, Mark Tscherbul, Timur V. Hummon, Matthew T. Xia, Yong Kios, Jacek Patterson, David Doyle, John M. Ye, Jun TI Cold heteromolecular dipolar collisions SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONALLY INELASTIC-SCATTERING; POLAR-MOLECULES; STERIC ASYMMETRY; PROPENSITIES; AMMONIA; AR AB Cold molecules promise to reveal a rich set of novel collision dynamics in the low-energy regime. By combining for the first time the techniques of Stark deceleration, magnetic trapping, and cryogenic buffer gas cooling, we present the first experimental observation of cold collisions between two different species of state-selected neutral polar molecules. This has enabled an absolute measurement of the total trap loss cross sections between OH and ND(3) at a mean collision energy of 3.6 cm (1) (5 K). Due to the dipolar interaction, the total cross section increases upon application of an external polarizing electric field. Cross sections computed from ab initio potential energy surfaces are in agreement with the measured value at zero external electric field. The theory presented here represents the first such analysis of collisions between a (2)Pi radical and a closed-shell polyatomic molecule. C1 [Sawyer, Brian C.; Stuhl, Benjamin K.; Yeo, Mark; Hummon, Matthew T.; Xia, Yong; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sawyer, Brian C.; Stuhl, Benjamin K.; Yeo, Mark; Hummon, Matthew T.; Xia, Yong; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tscherbul, Timur V.; Patterson, David; Doyle, John M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Harvard MIT Ctr Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tscherbul, Timur V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Xia, Yong] E China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Kios, Jacek] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sawyer, BC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bsawyer@nist.gov RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Tscherbul, Timur/K-3286-2014; OI Tscherbul, Timur/0000-0001-5689-040X; Stuhl, Benjamin/0000-0003-0759-3323; HUMMON, MATTHEW/0000-0002-3020-0500 FU DOE; AFOSR-MURI; NSF; NIST; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory FX The authors acknowledge DOE, AFOSR-MURI, NSF, and NIST for funding support. M. Hummon is a National Research Council postdoctoral fellow. T. V. Tscherbul was supported by NSF grants to the Harvard-MIT CUA and ITAMP at Harvard University and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. We thank G. Quemener and J. L. Bohn for stimulating discussions and J. Rasmussen for technical assistance. NR 46 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 42 BP 19059 EP 19066 DI 10.1039/c1cp21203f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 835HP UT WOS:000296027500043 PM 21881670 ER PT J AU Brahms, N Tscherbul, TV Zhang, P Klos, J Forrey, RC Au, YS Sadeghpour, HR Dalgarno, A Doyle, JM Walker, TG AF Brahms, Nathan Tscherbul, Timur V. Zhang, Peng Klos, Jacek Forrey, Robert C. Au, Yat Shan Sadeghpour, H. R. Dalgarno, A. Doyle, John M. Walker, Thad G. TI Formation and dynamics of van der Waals molecules in buffer-gas traps SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; ORDER REGULAR APPROXIMATION; INITIO POTENTIAL-ENERGY; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; AB-INITIO; PHOTOIONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY; HELIUM DROPLETS; GROUND-STATE; EXCITATION DYNAMICS; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS AB We show that weakly bound He-containing van der Waals molecules can be produced and magnetically trapped in buffer-gas cooling experiments, and provide a general model for the formation and dynamics of these molecules. Our analysis shows that, at typical experimental parameters, thermodynamics favors the formation of van der Waals complexes composed of a helium atom bound to most open-shell atoms and molecules, and that complex formation occurs quickly enough to ensure chemical equilibrium. For molecular pairs composed of a He atom and an S-state atom, the molecular spin is stable during formation, dissociation, and collisions, and thus these molecules can be magnetically trapped. Collisional spin relaxation is too slow to affect trap lifetimes. However, He-3-containing complexes can change spin due to adiabatic crossings between trapped and untrapped Zeeman states, mediated by the anisotropic hyperfine interaction, causing trap loss. We provide a detailed model for (AgHe)-He-3 molecules, using ab initio calculation of Ag-He interaction potentials and spin interactions, quantum scattering theory, and direct Monte Carlo simulations to describe formation and spin relaxation in this system. The calculated rate of spin-change agrees quantitatively with experimental observations, providing indirect evidence for molecular formation in buffer-gas-cooled magnetic traps. Finally, we discuss the possibilities for spectroscopic detection of these complexes, including a calculation of expected spectra for (AgHe)-He-3, and report on our spectroscopic search for (AgHe)-He-3, which produced a null result. C1 [Brahms, Nathan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tscherbul, Timur V.; Au, Yat Shan; Dalgarno, A.; Doyle, John M.] Harvard MIT Ctr Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA USA. [Tscherbul, Timur V.; Zhang, Peng; Sadeghpour, H. R.; Dalgarno, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Klos, Jacek] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Forrey, Robert C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, Reading, PA USA. [Au, Yat Shan; Doyle, John M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Walker, Thad G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Brahms, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nbrahms@berkeley.edu RI Klos, Jacek/A-6457-2008; Tscherbul, Timur/K-3286-2014; Walker, Thad/N-5590-2014 OI Klos, Jacek/0000-0002-7407-303X; Tscherbul, Timur/0000-0001-5689-040X; Walker, Thad/0000-0002-0996-3351 FU NSF [PHY-0854838, CHE-0848110]; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Chemical Science, Geoscience, and Bioscience Division of the Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, (U.S.) Department of Energy; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-03ER46093] FX We thank Alexei Buchachenko for calculating the binding energies of YbF-He and CaH-He. This work was supported by NSF grants to the Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms and the Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics at Harvard University and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. R. C. F.'s work was supported by NSF grant #PHY-0854838. J. K.'s work was supported by NSF grant #CHE-0848110. The research of A. D. and P.Z. was supported by the Chemical Science, Geoscience, and Bioscience Division of the Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, (U.S.) Department of Energy. T.W.'s work was supported by the NSF and the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, grant #DE-FG02-03ER46093. NR 97 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 42 BP 19125 EP 19141 DI 10.1039/c1cp21317b PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 835HP UT WOS:000296027500050 PM 21808786 ER PT J AU Miller, JS Funk, VA Wagner, WL Barrie, F Hoch, PC Herendeen, P AF Miller, James S. Funk, Vicki A. Wagner, Warren L. Barrie, Fred Hoch, Peter C. Herendeen, Patrick TI Outcomes of the 2011 Botanical Nomenclature Section at the XVIII International Botanical Congress SO PHYTOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Algae; electronic publication; fungi; names; nomenclature; paleobotany; plants AB The Nomenclature Section held just before the 18th International Botanical Congress in Melbourne, Australia in July 2011 saw sweeping changes to the way scientists name new plants, algae, and fungi. The changes begin on the cover: the title was broadened to make explicit that the Code applies not only to plants, but also to algae and fungi. The new title will now be the International Code of Nomenclature of algae, fungi, and plants. For the first time in history the Code will allow for the electronic publication of names of new taxa. In an effort to make the publication of new names more accurate and efficient, the requirement for a Latin validating diagnosis or description was changed to allow either English or Latin for these essential components of the publication of a new name. Both of these latter changes will take effect on 1 January 2012. The nomenclatural rules for fungi will see several important changes, the most important of which is probably the adoption of the principle of "one fungus, one name." Paleobotanists will also see changes with the elimination of the concept of "morphotaxa" from the Code. C1 [Miller, James S.] New York Bot Garden, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. [Funk, Vicki A.; Wagner, Warren L.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Barrie, Fred; Hoch, Peter C.] Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. [Herendeen, Patrick] Chicago Bot Garden, Glencoe, IL USA. RP Miller, JS (reprint author), New York Bot Garden, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. EM jmiller@nybg.org NR 1 TC 50 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 4 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1314-2011 EI 1314-2003 J9 PHYTOKEYS JI PhytoKeys PY 2011 VL 5 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.3897/phytokeys.5.1850 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V35ZO UT WOS:000209183700001 ER PT J AU Acevedo-Rodriguez, P AF Acevedo-Rodriguez, Pedro TI Allophylastrum: a new genus of Sapindaceae from northern South America SO PHYTOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Allophylastrum; Allophylus; Sapindaceae; Roraima; Brazil; Guyana AB The new genus Allophylastrum (Sapindaceae) is described from Roraima, Brazil and Guyana. Allophylastrum resembles the genus Allophylus in its vegetative morphology but differs by its apetalous flowers with a cupular nectary disc, 5-6 unequal stamens, and 4- to 5- porate pollen grains. A key is provided to differentiate Allophylastrum from Allophylus. The new species Allophylastrum frutescens is described and illustrated. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Acevedo-Rodriguez, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, MRC 166,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM acevedop@si.edu NR 3 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1314-2011 EI 1314-2003 J9 PHYTOKEYS JI PhytoKeys PY 2011 VL 5 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.3897/phytokeys.5.1684 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V35ZO UT WOS:000209183700005 PM 22171192 ER PT S AU Perets, HB AF Perets, Hagai B. BE Schuh, S Drechsel, H Heber, U TI Planets in Evolved Binary Systems SO PLANETARY SYSTEMS BEYOND THE MAIN SEQUENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Planetary Systems beyond the Main Sequence CY AUG 11-14, 2010 CL Bamberg, GERMANY SP German Sci Fdn DFG, Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys DE Planets; binary stars; stellar evolution; white dwarfs ID EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; GIANT BRANCH STARS; SUBSTELLAR COMPANION; ORBITAL EVOLUTION; STELLAR EVOLUTION; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; GAMMA-CEPHEI; BROWN DWARF; AGB STARS; DISK AB Exo-planets are typically thought to form in protoplanetary disks left over from protostellar disk of their newly formed host star. However, additional planetary formation and evolution routes may exist in old evolved binary systems. Here we discuss the implications of binary stellar evolution on planetary systems in such environments. In these binary systems stellar evolution could lead to the formation of symbiotic stars, where mass is lost from one star and could be transferred to its binary companion, and may form an accretion disk around it. This raises the possibility that such a disk could provide the necessary environment for the formation of a new, second generation of planets in both circumstellar or circumbinary configurations. Pre-existing first generation planets surviving the post-MS evolution of such systems would be dynamically effected by the mass loss in the systems and may also interact with the newly formed disk. Such planets and/or planetesimals may also serve as seeds for the formation of the second generation planets, and/or interact with them, possibly forming atypical planetary systems. Second generation planetary systems should be typically found in white dwarf binary systems, and may show various observational signatures. Most notably, second generation planets could form in environment which are inaccessible, or less favorable, for first generation planets. The orbital phase space available for the second generation planets could be forbidden (in terms of the system stability) to first generation planets in the pre-evolved progenitor binaries. In addition planets could form in metal poor environments such as globular clusters and/or in double compact object binaries. Observations of exo-planets in such forbidden or unfavorable regions could possibly serve to uniquely identify their second generation character. Finally, we point out a few observed candidate second generation planetary systems, including G1 86, HD 27442 and all of the currently observed circumbinary planet candidates. A second generation origin for these systems could naturally explain their unique configurations. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02446 USA. RP Perets, HB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02446 USA. RI Perets, Hagai/K-9605-2015 OI Perets, Hagai/0000-0002-5004-199X NR 78 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0886-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1331 BP 56 EP 75 DI 10.1063/1.3556185 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUS78 UT WOS:000290243400006 ER PT J AU Zuo, YJ Chen, ZJ Kondo, K Funamoto, T Wen, J Zhou, SL AF Zuo, Yunjuan Chen, Zhongjian Kondo, Katsuhiko Funamoto, Tsuneo Wen, Jun Zhou, Shiliang TI DNA Barcoding of Panax Species SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE DNA barcoding; Panax; Araliaceae; ginseng; locus evaluation ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; AMERICAN GINSENG; LAND PLANTS; AUTHENTICATION; ARALIACEAE; SEQUENCES; QUINQUEFOLIUS; EVOLUTIONARY; POLYMORPHISM; GENUS AB Ginsengs (Panax, Araliaceae) are among the plants best known for their medicinal properties. Many ginseng species are endangered due to over-exploitation of natural resources - a situation difficult to remedy while there are no reliable, practical methods for species identification. We screened eleven candidate DNA barcoding loci to establish an accurate and effective Panax species identification system, both for commercial and conservation purposes. We used 95 ginseng samples, representing all the species in the genus. We found considerable differences in the performance of the potential barcoding regions. The sequencing of atpF-atpH was unsuccessful due to poly-N structures. The rbcL, rpoB, and rpoC1 regions were found to be mostly invariable, with only four to eight variable sites. Using matK, psbK-I, psbM-trnD, rps16 and nad1, we could identify four to six out of eight considerably divergent species but only one to five out of nineteen clusters within the P. bipinnatifidus species group. psbA-trnH and ITS were the most variable loci, working very well both in species and cluster identifications. We demonstrated that the combination of psbA-trnH and ITS is sufficient for identifying all the species and clusters in the genus. C1 [Wen, Jun] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, US Natl Herbarium, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Funamoto, Tsuneo] Showa Pharmaceut Univ, Fundamental Educ & Res Ctr Pharmaceut Sci, Inst Biol, Tokyo, Japan. [Kondo, Katsuhiko] Tokyo Univ Agr, Dept Agr, Lab Plant Genet & Breeding Sci, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan. [Zuo, Yunjuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chen, Zhongjian] Wenshan Inst Sanqi Res, Wenshan, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Zuo, Yunjuan; Wen, Jun; Zhou, Shiliang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Wen, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, US Natl Herbarium, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC-166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM wenj@si.edu; slzhou@ibcas.ac.cn FU Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [2007CB411602, KSCX2-YW-N-0807, NSFC 30370154, 2005DKA21401]; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation FX We thank Lei Xie and the anonymous reviewers for their critical comments on the manuscript. This study was partially supported by the following grants: 2007CB411602, KSCX2-YW-N-0807, NSFC 30370154, 2005DKA21401, National Bioresource Project II of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. NR 27 TC 39 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 21 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 77 IS 2 BP 182 EP 187 DI 10.1055/s-0030-1250166 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 709SF UT WOS:000286461000015 PM 20803416 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Tripotin, P Shinohara, A AF Smith, David R. Tripotin, Pierre Shinohara, Akihiko TI XIPHYDRIID WOODWASPS (HYMENOPTERA: XIPHYDRIIDAE) OF KOREA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE woodborers; Asia; Korea; Japan AB Six species in three genera of Xiphydriidae are recorded from Korea, Euxiphydria potanini (Jakovlev, 1891), Xiphydriola amurensis Semenov, 1921, Xiphydria annulitibia Takeuchi, 1936, X. camelus (Linnaeus, 1758), X. jakovlevi Semenov and Gussakovskij, 1935, and X. palaeanarctica Semenov, 1921. Xiphydriola amurensis, Xiphydria annulitibia, and X. jakovlevi are new country records. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: Xiphydriola nishijimai (Togashi, 1998), n. comb., and Nasoxiphia Maa, 1949 = Xiphydria Latreille, 1803, n. syn. C1 [Smith, David R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Shinohara, Akihiko] Natl Museum Nat & Sci, Dept Zool, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1690073, Japan. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov; p_tripotin@hotmail.com; shinohar@kahaku.go.jp NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.113.1.61 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 755JF UT WOS:000289925100008 ER PT B AU Phillips, DF Glenday, A Walsworth, RL AF Phillips, David F. Glenday, Alexander Walsworth, Ronald L. BE Kostelecky, VA TI TESTS OF FUNDAMENTAL SYMMETRIES USING NOBLE GAS MASERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH MEETING ON CPT AND LORENTZ SYMMETRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN HO Indiana Univ ID POLARIZED HE-3 AB Investigations of Lorentz and CPT symmetry provide important tests of the framework of the Standard Model of particle physics and theories of gravity. The Xe-129/He-3 Zeeman maser has set stringent limits on rotation- and boost-dependent Lorentz and CPT violation involving the neutron, consistent with no effect at the level of 10(-31) GeV and 10(-27) GeV as well as constraints of anomolous dipole-dipole couplings between neutron spins at 10(-5) the size of magnetic dipoles. C1 [Phillips, David F.; Glenday, Alexander; Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Phillips, DF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dphil@cfa.harvard.edu FU NASA; NSF FX We gratefully acknowledge our collaborators on the work described above: David Bear, Federico Cane, Matthew Rosen and Richard Stoner. Support for the 129Xe/3He maser was provided by NASA and NSF. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4327-67-1 PY 2011 BP 45 EP 49 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9ZT UT WOS:000394395200010 ER PT B AU Stanwix, PL Parker, SR Tobar, ME Hohensee, MA Phillips, DF Walsworth, RL AF Stanwix, P. L. Parker, S. R. Tobar, M. E. Hohensee, M. A. Phillips, D. F. Walsworth, R. L. BE Kostelecky, VA TI CAVITY CONSTRAINTS ON ISOTROPIC SHIFT AND ANISOTROPIES OF THE SPEED OF LIGHT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH MEETING ON CPT AND LORENTZ SYMMETRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN HO Indiana Univ AB We present a new analysis of a recent Michelson-Morley experiment in the photon sector of the Standard-Model Extension (SME). Compared to previous analyses, we extend it to include isotropic deviations of the vacuum speed of light from c, as described by the SME coefficient (kappa) over tilde (tr), in addition to the usual direction-dependent anisotropies in the speed of light. This represents the first constraint on (kappa) over tilde (tr) reported by a Michelson-Morley experiment and the first analysis of a single experiment to simultaneously set limits on all nine nonbirefringent terms in the photon sector of the SME. C1 [Stanwix, P. L.; Parker, S. R.; Tobar, M. E.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Hohensee, M. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Phillips, D. F.; Walsworth, R. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Stanwix, PL (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM mike@physics.uwa.edu.au FU Australian Research Council; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the Australian Research Council and the National Science Foundation. We thank Alan Kostelecky for encouragement and useful discussions. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4327-67-1 PY 2011 BP 133 EP 137 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9ZT UT WOS:000394395200026 ER PT B AU Phillips, JD Patla, BR Popescu, EM Rocco, E Thapa, R Reasenberg, RD Lorenzini, EC AF Phillips, J. D. Patla, B. R. Popescu, E. M. Rocco, E. Thapa, R. Reasenberg, R. D. Lorenzini, E. C. BE Kostelecky, VA TI WEAK EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE TEST ON A SOUNDING ROCKET SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH MEETING ON CPT AND LORENTZ SYMMETRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN HO Indiana Univ AB SR-POEM, our principle of equivalence measurement on a sounding rocket, will compare the free fall rate of two substances yielding an uncertainty of 10(-16) in the estimate of eta. During the past two years, the design concept has matured and we have been working on the required technology, including a laser gauge that is self aligning and able to reach 0.1 pm/root Hz for periods up to 40 s. We describe the status and plans for this project. C1 [Phillips, J. D.; Patla, B. R.; Popescu, E. M.; Rocco, E.; Thapa, R.; Reasenberg, R. D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lorenzini, E. C.] Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. RP Phillips, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jphillips@cfa.harvard.edu FU NASA [NNX07AI11G, NNX08AO04G] FX We gratefully acknowledge NASA support under grants NNX07AI11G and NNX08AO04G. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4327-67-1 PY 2011 BP 204 EP 208 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9ZT UT WOS:000394395200040 ER PT J AU Pindor, B Wyithe, JSB Mitchell, DA Ord, SM Wayth, RB Greenhill, LJ AF Pindor, B. Wyithe, J. S. B. Mitchell, D. A. Ord, S. M. Wayth, R. B. Greenhill, L. J. TI Subtraction of Bright Point Sources from Synthesis Images of the Epoch of Reionization SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Article DE cosmology: diffuse radiation; methods: data analysis ID 21 CENTIMETER TOMOGRAPHY; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; FOREGROUND SUBTRACTION; RADIO INTERFEROMETRY; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; REDSHIFTED 21-CM; SELF-CALIBRATION; POWER SPECTRUM; DYNAMIC-RANGE; MHZ AB Bright point sources associated with extragalactic active galactic nuclei and radio galaxies are an important foreground for low-frequency radio experiments aimed at detecting the redshifted 21-cm emission from neutral hydrogen during the epoch of reionization. The frequency dependence of the synthesized beam implies that the sidelobes of these sources will move across the field of view as a function of observing frequency, hence frustrating line-of-sight foreground subtraction techniques. We describe a method for subtracting these point sources from dirty maps produced by an instrument such as the MWA. This technique combines matched filters with an iterative centroiding scheme to locate and characterize point sources in the presence of a diffuse background. Simulations show that this technique can improve the dynamic range of epoch-of-reionization maps by 2-3 orders of magnitude. C1 [Pindor, B.; Wyithe, J. S. B.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Mitchell, D. A.; Ord, S. M.; Greenhill, L. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wayth, R. B.] ICRAR Curtin Inst Radio Astron, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. RP Pindor, B (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM bpindor@unimelb.edu.au RI Wayth, Randall/B-2444-2013; Ord, Stephen/C-6138-2013; OI Wayth, Randall/0000-0002-6995-4131; Wyithe, Stuart/0000-0001-7956-9758 FU Australian Research Council [LE0775621, LE0882938, DP0877954]; U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0457585]; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory FX We thank Gianni Bernardi for helpful comments during the preparation of this work. We also thank the anonymous referee for a constructive report. We acknowledge the support of the Australian Research Council through grants LE0775621, LE0882938 and DP0877954, the U.S. National Science Foundation through grant AST-0457585 and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1323-3580 EI 1448-6083 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC AUST JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. PY 2011 VL 28 IS 1 BP 46 EP 57 DI 10.1071/AS10023 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 739GN UT WOS:000288702600005 ER PT S AU Laflamme, M Casey, MM AF Laflamme, Marc Casey, Michelle M. BE Laflamme, M Schiffbauer, JD Dornbos, SQ TI Morphometrics in the Study of Ediacaran Fossil Forms SO QUANTIFYING THE EVOLUTION OF EARLY LIFE : NUMERICAL APPROACHES TO THE EVALUATION OF FOSSILS AND ANCIENT ECOSYSTEMS SE Topics in Geobiology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (nMDS); Principal Components Analysis (PCA); Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCO); Ediacara biota; Geometric morphometrics; Landmarks; Charniodiscus; Charnia; Mistaken point ID MORPHOLOGICAL DISPARITY; NEWFOUNDLAND; MORPHOSPACE; BRACHIOPOD; EVOLUTION; PENINSULA; TAPHONOMY; RECORD; BIOTA AB The evaluation of fossil shapes is the primary goal in the study of paleontology. Unlike biologists who are able to utilize an animal's behavior, soft tissue anatomy, and molecular make-up to study species, paleontologists must concentrate on phenotypical approaches that rely on morphological differences between fossil populations. Morphometric methods which quantify form and shape are extremely powerful tools for assessing questions related to taxonomy, morphospace occupation, morphological disparity or taxon-free estimates of diversity, competition between taxa, ecological character displacement, predatory defense, changes in predatory behavior, anatomical responses to environmental change, and much more. The developing field of morphometrics attempts to mathematically describe shape variations between individuals and can be used to statistically evaluate correct species assignment, isolate shape changes, or identify regions within a phenotype where shape changes are most variable or pronounced. Traditional morphometric approaches focus on the evaluation of several distance measurements taken within a series of specimens, while geometric morphometrics replaces distance-based measurements by evaluating the displacement of corresponding anatomically important locations on specimens which are termed landmarks. Both traditional and geometric morphometric methods allow for the comparison of large samples through a variety of multivariate statistical techniques, many of which will be explored in this chapter. Considering the relative difficulty of characterizing the taxonomic affinities of Precambrian life, paleontologists have adopted morphometric techniques to help elucidate the true diversity of early life. C1 [Casey, Michelle M.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Laflamme, Marc] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Casey, MM (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, POB 6666, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM laflammem@si.edu; michelle.casey@yale.edu RI Casey, Michelle/M-3261-2013 OI Casey, Michelle/0000-0001-9111-4182 NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0275-0120 BN 978-94-007-0679-8 J9 TOP GEOBIOL JI Top. Geobiol. PY 2011 VL 36 BP 49 EP 71 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0680-4_3 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0680-4 PG 23 WC Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA BUD19 UT WOS:000288917000003 ER PT S AU Bush, AM Bambach, RK Erwin, DH AF Bush, Andrew M. Bambach, Richard K. Erwin, Douglas H. BE Laflamme, M Schiffbauer, JD Dornbos, SQ TI Ecospace Utilization During the Ediacaran Radiation and the Cambrian Eco-explosion SO QUANTIFYING THE EVOLUTION OF EARLY LIFE : NUMERICAL APPROACHES TO THE EVALUATION OF FOSSILS AND ANCIENT ECOSYSTEMS SE Topics in Geobiology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Paleoecology; Burgess Shale; Chengjiang fauna; Precambrian; Cambrian explosion; Ediacaran biota ID SUSPENSION-FEEDING COMMUNITIES; MESOZOIC MARINE REVOLUTION; MISTAKEN POINT; BURGESS SHALE; NAMA GROUP; MORPHOLOGICAL DISPARITY; THEORETICAL ECOSPACE; RAWNSLEY QUARTZITE; SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; SOFT SUBSTRATA AB A theoretical ecospace is a multi-parameter system for classifying the ecological properties of organisms; because they are viewed in terms of their ecological and functional capabilities, morphologically and phylogenetically disparate organisms can be compared and contrasted. In the ecospace used here, marine animals are classified according to three parameters that can be determined relatively easily from fossils: tiering (position relative to the sediment-water interface), motility level, and feeding mechanism. Analyses of faunas from the Ediacaran, Cambrian, and Recent suggest that the ecological richness (number of ecological lifestyles) of the marine fauna rose through time, although the pace of increase slowed after the early Phanerozoic. However, the Ediacaran biota was quite distinct from Phanerozoic faunas in terms of which tiers, motility levels, and feeding mechanisms were employed; thus, the rise to dominance of bilaterians during the Cambrian Explosion caused a fundamental transformation in marine ecology. Changes in marine animal ecology since the Cambrian Explosion were of lesser magnitude. C1 [Bush, Andrew M.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Bush, Andrew M.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Integrat Geosci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Bambach, Richard K.; Erwin, Douglas H.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Erwin, Douglas H.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Bush, AM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 75 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM andrew.bush@uconn.edu; bambachr@si.edu; erwind@si.edu NR 105 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0275-0120 BN 978-94-007-0679-8 J9 TOP GEOBIOL JI Top. Geobiol. PY 2011 VL 36 BP 111 EP 133 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0680-4_5 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0680-4 PG 23 WC Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA BUD19 UT WOS:000288917000005 ER PT B AU Schneider, BI Feist, J Nagele, S Pazourek, R Hu, SX Collins, LA Burgdorfer, J AF Schneider, Barry I. Feist, Johannes Nagele, Stefan Pazourek, Renate Hu, Suxing Collins, Lee A. Burgdoerfer, Joachim BE Bankdrauk, AD Ivanov, M TI Recent Advances in Computational Methods for the Solution of the Time-Dependent Schrodinger Equation for the Interaction of Short, Intense Radiation with One and Two Electron Systems: Application to He and H-2(+) SO QUANTUM DYNAMIC IMAGING: THEORETICAL AND NUMERICAL METHODS SE CRM Series in Mathematical Physics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID 2-PHOTON DOUBLE-IONIZATION; HIGH-HARMONIC-GENERATION; DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; QUANTUM-MECHANICAL PROBLEMS; DISCRETE-VARIABLE REPRESENTATIONS; CLOSE-COUPLING CALCULATIONS; PHOTO-DOUBLE IONIZATION; X-RAY PULSES; DOUBLE PHOTOIONIZATION; ATTOSECOND PULSES AB In the past few years new and efficient algorithms have been developed to solve the time-dependent Schrodinger equation (TDSE) for few-electron systems. When coupled with the advances in and availability of high performance computing platforms, it is now possible to numerically calculate nearly exact solutions to the interactions of short, intense laser pulses with simple one and two-electron systems. In addition, somewhat less accurate treatments of the heavier rare gases and simple two-electron molecules are also becoming available. The proceedings from this workshop have provided a unique opportunity to describe the substantial numerical and algorithmic progress that has been achieved over the past few years to solve the TDSE and to illustrate them on the He atom and H-2(+) molecule. C1 [Schneider, Barry I.] Natl Sci Fdn, Off Cyberinfrastruct, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Schneider, Barry I.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Phys, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Feist, Johannes] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Nagele, Stefan; Pazourek, Renate; Burgdoerfer, Joachim] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Hu, Suxing] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Collins, Lee A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schneider, BI (reprint author), Natl Sci Fdn, Off Cyberinfrastruct, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. EM bschneid@nsf.gov; jfeist@cfa.harvard.edu; stefan.nagele@tuwien.ac.at; renate.pazourek@tuwien.ac.at; shu@lle.rochester.edu; lac@lanl.gov; burg@dollywood.itp.tuwien.ac.at RI Feist, Johannes/J-7394-2012 OI Feist, Johannes/0000-0002-7972-0646 NR 168 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9490-5 J9 CRM SER MATH PHYS PY 2011 BP 149 EP 208 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9491-2_10 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9490-5 PG 60 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Optics; Physics GA BHG87 UT WOS:000325380600010 ER PT J AU Johnson, AE Padilla, LR Hope, K Wildt, DE Songsasen, N AF Johnson, A. E. Padilla, L. R. Hope, K. Wildt, D. E. Songsasen, N. TI INDUCTION OF OVARIAN ACTIVITY IN THE MANED WOLF (CHRYSOCYON BRACHYURUS) USING A GnRH-AGONIST SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Johnson, A. E.; Padilla, L. R.; Hope, K.; Wildt, D. E.; Songsasen, N.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2011 VL 23 IS 1 MA 12 BP 112 EP 113 PG 2 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 690MF UT WOS:000285008200025 ER PT J AU Bradshaw, CJA Sodhi, NS Laurance, WF Brook, BW AF Bradshaw, Corey J. A. Sodhi, Navjot S. Laurance, William F. Brook, Barry W. BE Pavlinov, IY TI Twenty Landmark Papers in Biodiversity Conservation SO RESEARCH IN BIODIVERSITY - MODELS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BASE-LINE SYNDROME; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; MESOPREDATOR RELEASE; EXTINCTION; BIOLOGY; PRIORITIES; HOTSPOTS; FRAGMENTATION C1 [Bradshaw, Corey J. A.; Brook, Barry W.] Univ Adelaide, Inst Environm, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Bradshaw, Corey J. A.; Brook, Barry W.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Bradshaw, Corey J. A.] South Australian Res & Dev Inst, Urrbrae, SA, Australia. [Sodhi, Navjot S.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Singapore, Singapore. [Laurance, William F.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Cairns, Qld, Australia. [Laurance, William F.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Bradshaw, CJA (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Inst Environm, Adelaide, SA, Australia. OI Bradshaw, Corey/0000-0002-5328-7741 NR 94 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-794-9 PY 2011 BP 97 EP 112 D2 10.5772/1833 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA BG1OT UT WOS:000386944200007 ER PT J AU Francini, RB Duarte, M Mielke, OHH Caldas, A Freitas, AVL AF Francini, Ronaldo Bastos Duarte, Marcelo Hendrik Mielke, Olaf Hermann Caldas, Astrid Lucci Freitas, Andre Victor TI Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) of the "Baixada Santista" region, coastal Sao Paulo, southeastern Brazil SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ENTOMOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Forest; conservation; diversity; Neotropical region ID ATLANTIC FOREST; MISIONES PROVINCE; SPECIES RICHNESS; CONSERVATION; INDICATORS; LYCAENIDAE; LANDSCAPE; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; ARGENTINA AB Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) of the "Baixada Santista" region, coastal Sao Paulo, southeastern Brazil. A list with 538 species of butterflies recorded in the Baixada Santista, Sao Paulo (SE Brazil) is presented. Standard sampling protocols (i.e. with entomological nets) were followed. Baited traps were installed for fruit feeding species. Data from the literature and entomological collections were also considered in the total estimated species richness. The species richness recorded in the Baixada Santista region represents about 16% of the Brazilian butterfly fauna, and 34% of the known butterfly fauna for the state of Sao Paulo. The present list contains an appreciably higher number of species in comparison to other lists from similar biomes farther south, such as Blumenau in Santa Catarina, and Maquine in Rio Grande do Sul. C1 [Lucci Freitas, Andre Victor] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Biol Anim, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Lucci Freitas, Andre Victor] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Museu Zool, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Francini, Ronaldo Bastos] Univ Catolica Santos, Curso Ciencias Biol, BR-11065902 Santos, SP, Brazil. [Duarte, Marcelo] Univ Sao Paulo, Museu Zool, BR-04263000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Hendrik Mielke, Olaf Hermann] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Zool, BR-81531980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil. [Caldas, Astrid] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Freitas, AVL (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Biol Anim, Caixa Postal 6109, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM francini@unisantos.edu.br; mduartes@usp.br; omhesp@ufpr.br; astridcaldas@gmail.com; baku@unicamp.br RI Freitas, Andre/B-7513-2013; Mielke, Olaf/C-4986-2013; Duarte, Marcelo/K-7633-2012; Museu de Zoologia da USP, MZ-USP/Q-2192-2016 OI Freitas, Andre/0000-0002-5763-4990; Mielke, Olaf/0000-0003-3655-4606; FU FAPESP [00/01484-1, 04/05269-9, 98/05101-8, 02/13898-0, 03/05895-4]; Brazilian CNPq [300282/2008-7]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0527441]; Pro-Reitoria de Pesquisa/USP/Projeto FX Keith Brown helped in various phases of this work, including field trips and discussions. We also thank Keith Brown, Gerardo Lamas and Bob Robbins for helping with identifications. Several colleagues helped with the field work, and we are grateful to all of them. We acknowledge the invaluable assistance of the Instituto Florestal in obtaining permission to sample in protected areas. AVLF thanks FAPESP (grants 00/01484-1 and 04/05269-9, and the BIOTA-FA PESP Program grant 98/05101-8), the Brazilian CNPq (fellowship 300282/2008-7) and the National Science Foundation (DEB-0527441). MD thanks FAPESP (02/13898-0 and 03/05895-4) and Pro-Reitoria de Pesquisa/USP/Projeto 1 for complementary grants. NR 56 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ENTOMOLOGIA PI CURITIBA PA CAIXA POSTAL 19030, CURITIBA, PR 81531-980, BRAZIL SN 0085-5626 EI 1806-9665 J9 REV BRAS ENTOMOL JI Rev. Bras. Entomol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 55 IS 1 BP 55 EP 68 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 751BP UT WOS:000289592800010 ER PT J AU Diaz, AE Solis, A Brochero, HL AF Diaz M, Ana Elizabeth Solis, Alma Brochero, Helena L. TI Geographical distribution of Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Colombia SO REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE ENTOMOLOGIA LA Spanish DT Article DE Solanum; Perforador del fruto; Zonas de vida; Plaga ID BUTTERFLIES AB Neoleucinodes elegantalis is an insect considered the most serious pest for production and commercialization of solanaceous fruits and vegetables. This study updates the geographic distribution of N. elegantalis in relation to the major agricultural production areas of Solarium lycopersicum, S. melongena, S. betaceum, S. quitoense, and Capsicum annum in Colombia. The geographic occurrence of the species is expanded to 18 departments distributed across cold, warm, and temperate climates categorized in six of the Holdridge life zones, corresponding to tropical dry forest (bs-T), montane dry forest (bs-PM), montane rain forest (bh-PM), very humid forest (bmh-PM), lower montane wet forest (bh-MB) and lower montane wet forest (bmh-MB). C1 [Diaz M, Ana Elizabeth] CORPOICA Ctr Invest La Selva, Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia. [Solis, Alma] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Brochero, Helena L.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Fac Agron, Bogota, Colombia. RP Diaz, AE (reprint author), CORPOICA Ctr Invest La Selva, Km 7 Via Las Palmas, Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia. EM aediaz@corpoica.org.co; alma.solis@ars.usda.gov; embrochero@unal.edu.co NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC COLOMBIANA ENTOMOLOGIA-SOCOLEN PI SANTAFE DE BOGOTA PA APARTADO AEREO 11366, SANTAFE DE BOGOTA, D.C. 00000, COLOMBIA SN 0120-0488 J9 REV COLOMB ENTOMOL JI Rev. Colomb. Entomol. PD JAN-JUN PY 2011 VL 37 IS 1 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 794LM UT WOS:000292898200012 ER PT B AU Stark, AA AF Stark, Antony A. BE Berkman, PA Lang, MA Walton, DWH Young, OR TI Cosmology from Antarctica SO SCIENCE DIPLOMACY: ANTARCTICA, SCIENCE, AND THE GOVERNANCE OF INTERNATIONAL SPACES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Antarctic Treaty Summit: Science-Policy Interactions in International Governance CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 2009 CL Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC SP Amer Geophys Union, Fdn Good Governance Int Spaces, Greenpeace, Japan Polar Res Assoc, KBR, Korean Polar Res Inst, Korea Supporters Assoc Polar Res, Lindblad Expedit, Pew Charitable Trusts, Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Sci, United Nations Environm Programme, Univ Sains Malaysia, Ctr Global Sustainabil Studies, World Wildlife Fund Australia HO Smithsonian Inst ID ANGULAR SCALE INTERFEROMETER; SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; INTEGRATED GALACTIC EMISSION; NB/ALOX/NB TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; 1ST SEASON OBSERVATIONS; CMB POLARIZATION; MICROWAVE SKY; SUBMILLIMETER-TELESCOPE; ATMOSPHERIC OPACITY; ARRAY RECEIVER AB We are in a golden age of observational cosmology, where measurements of the universe have progressed from crude estimates to precise knowledge. Many of these observations are made from the Antarctic, where conditions are particularly favorable. When we use telescopes to look out at the distant universe, we are also looking back in time because the speed of light is finite. Looking out 13.7 billion years, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) comes from a time shortly after the big bang. The first attempt at CMB observations from the Antarctic plateau was an expedition to the South Pole in December 1986 by the Radio Physics Research group at Bell Laboratories. The measured sky noise and opacity were highly encouraging. In the austral summer of 1988-1989, three CMB groups participated in the "Cucumber" campaign, where a temporary summer-only site dedicated to CMB anisotropy measurements was set up 2 km from South Pole Station. Winter observations became possible with the establishment in 1990 of the Center for Astrophysical Research in Antarctica (CARA), a U.S. National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center, which developed year-round observing facilities in the "Dark Sector," a section of Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station dedicated to astronomical observations. Scientists at CARA fielded several astronomical instruments: Antarctic Sub-millimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory (AST/RO), South Pole Infrared Explorer (SPIREX), White Dish, Python, Viper, Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver (ACBAR), and Degree-Angular Scale Interferometer (DASI). By 2001, data from CARA, together with Balloon Observations of Millimetric Extragalactic Radiation and Geophysics (BOOMERANG), a CMB experiment on a long-duration balloon launched from Mc-Murdo Station on the coast of Antarctica, showed clear evidence that the overall geometry of the universe is flat, as opposed to being open or closed. This indicates that the total energy content of the universe is near zero, so that the energy needed to originate the material of the universe is balanced by negative gravitational energy. In 2002, the DASI group reported the detection of polarization in the CMB. These observations strongly support a "concordance model" of cosmology, where the dynamics of a flat universe are dominated by forces exerted by the mysterious dark energy and dark matter. The CMB observations continue on the Antarctic plateau. The South Pole Telescope (SPT) is a 10-m-diameter offset telescope that is beginning to measure anisotropies on scales much smaller than 1 degrees, as well as discovering new protogalaxies and clusters of galaxies. Plans are in progress to measure CMB polarization in detail, observations that will yield insights to phenomena in the first second of time. C1 [Stark, Antony A.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM aas@cfa.harvard.edu OI Stark, Antony/0000-0002-2718-9996 NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN INST SCHOLARLY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 37012, MRC 957, WASHINGTON, DC 20013-7012 USA BN 978-1-935623-06-9 PY 2011 BP 197 EP 208 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA BZC55 UT WOS:000301091500021 ER PT J AU Clough, GW AF Clough, G. Wayne TI Art Work SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Clough, GW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 9 BP 20 EP 20 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 698BF UT WOS:000285565800010 ER PT J AU Pasachoff, JM Tingle, ED Dammasch, IE Sterling, AC AF Pasachoff, Jay M. Tingle, Evan D. Dammasch, Ingolf E. Sterling, Alphonse C. TI Simultaneous Observations of the Chromosphere with TRACE and SUMER SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Chromosphere; Corona; Transition zone; SUMER; TRACE ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; CORONAL JETS; HINODE XRT; SOLAR; YOHKOH AB Using mainly the 1600 continuum channel and also the 1216 Lyman-alpha channel (which includes some UV continuum and C iv emission) aboard the TRACE satellite, we observed the complete lifetime of a transient, bright chromospheric loop. Simultaneous observations with the SUMER instrument aboard the SOHO spacecraft revealed interesting material velocities through the Doppler effect existing above the chromospheric loop imaged with TRACE, possibly corresponding to extended nonvisible loops, or the base of an X-ray jet. C1 [Pasachoff, Jay M.] Williams Coll, Hopkins Observ, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. [Pasachoff, Jay M.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Tingle, Evan D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Dammasch, Ingolf E.] Solar Influences Data Anal Ctr SIDC, Royal Observ Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Sterling, Alphonse C.] NASA, MSFC, Space Sci Off VP62, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Pasachoff, JM (reprint author), Williams Coll, Hopkins Observ, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. EM jay.m.pasachoff@williams.edu FU NASA [NNG04GF99G, NNG04GK44G]; NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center [NNM07AA01G, NNX10AK47A]; National Science Foundation; Keck Foundation; NASA's Office of Space Science FX Our work was funded in part by NASA grants NNG04GF99G and NNG04GK44G from the Solar Terrestrial Program and grants NNM07AA01G and NNX10AK47A from NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center. E.D.T.'s participation was sponsored by a grant from the Research Experiences for Undergraduate Program of the National Science Foundation to the Keck Northeast Astronomy Consortium, formerly sponsored by the Keck Foundation. A. C. S. was supported by funding from NASA's Office of Space Science through the Living with a Star, the Solar Physics Supporting Research and Technology, and the Sun-Earth Connection Guest Investigator Programs. SOHO is a joint project of the European Space Agency and NASA. TRACE is a project of NASA, with its telescope from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and overall direction from the Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 268 IS 1 BP 151 EP 163 DI 10.1007/s11207-010-9673-6 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695IS UT WOS:000285364400006 ER PT J AU del Hoyo-Melendez, JM Mecklenburg, MF AF del Hoyo-Melendez, Julio M. Mecklenburg, Marion F. TI An Investigation of the Reciprocity Principle of Light Exposures Using Microfading Spectrometry SO SPECTROSCOPY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microfading tester; photofading; reciprocity principle; visible reflectance spectroscopy ID NATURAL DYES; LAW; FASTNESS; MUSEUMS AB It is frequently assumed that sensitive museum materials follow the reciprocity principle of light exposures. Thus, equivalent exposure doses obtained by using either high-illuminance levels for short periods of time or lower illumination for longer exhibition periods are believed to cause similar degrees of damage to an object. Microfading spectrometry permitted the investigation of this phenomenon by evaluation of light-induced changes in a series of samples. The effects of equivalent exposure doses on materials such as Blue Wool 1, LightCheck Ultra, and various dyed silks from a reference collection were compared. The results indicate that reciprocity is obeyed by the most stable colorants, while materials with lower stability to light may experience deviations that are proportional to the intensity of illumination. This study confirms that reciprocity failure is associated with the use of high-intensity lamps during accelerated-aging trials. Therefore only those tests conducted at low-illumination intensity ranges where reciprocity holds should be employed when one estimates the extent of damage occurring in a museum environment. C1 [del Hoyo-Melendez, Julio M.] Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Univ Restaurac Patrimonio, Valencia 46022, Spain. [del Hoyo-Melendez, Julio M.; Mecklenburg, Marion F.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD USA. RP del Hoyo-Melendez, JM (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Univ Restaurac Patrimonio, Camino Vera S-N,Edificio 9B, Valencia 46022, Spain. EM judeho1@doctor.upv.es RI del Hoyo-Melendez, Julio/B-1395-2012 OI del Hoyo-Melendez, Julio/0000-0003-2163-2149 FU Smithsonian Institution Office of Research and Training Services FX This research was supported through a Pre-Doctoral Fellowship from the Smithsonian Institution Office of Research and Training Services. The authors would like to thank Antonio Fernando Batista-dos Santos of Instituto do Patrimonio Historico e Artistico Nacional (IPHAN) in Minas Gerais for providing a set of dyed-silk samples for the study. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0038-7010 J9 SPECTROSC LETT JI Spectr. Lett. PY 2011 VL 44 IS 1 BP 52 EP 62 DI 10.1080/00387010903508572 PG 11 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 729CL UT WOS:000287925600008 ER PT J AU del Hoyo-Melendez, JM Mecklenburg, MF AF del Hoyo-Melendez, Julio M. Mecklenburg, Marion F. TI The Use of Micro-Fading Spectrometry to Evaluate the Light Fastness of Materials in Oxygen-Free Environments SO SPECTROSCOPY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE anoxic treatment; microfading spectrometry; museum objects; visible reflectance spectroscopy ID PRUSSIAN-BLUE; CURCUMIN; OBJECTS AB The use of inert gases for displaying sensitive objects and for the treatment of artifacts infected with bio-deteriorating agents is a current practice in many cultural institutions around the world. However, some artifacts may also experience color changes as a result of exposure to light in these reducing environments. Therefore, it becomes essential to evaluate the light stability of an object under anoxic conditions prior to its exhibition. This study dealt with the development of a procedure based on micro-fading spectroscopy to determine the light fastness of materials when exposed to an argon atmosphere. The efficacy of this method has been tested using turmeric/silk and Prussian blue/silk systems. Evaluation of color changes in real time have demonstrated that the approach provides an efficient way of detecting any potential variation occurring as a result of long-term anoxic display in a museum environment. C1 [del Hoyo-Melendez, Julio M.] Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Univ Restaurac Patrimonio, Valencia 46022, Spain. [del Hoyo-Melendez, Julio M.; Mecklenburg, Marion F.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD USA. RP del Hoyo-Melendez, JM (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Univ Restaurac Patrimonio, Camino Vera S-N,Edificio 9B, Valencia 46022, Spain. EM judeho1@doctor.upv.es RI del Hoyo-Melendez, Julio/B-1395-2012 OI del Hoyo-Melendez, Julio/0000-0003-2163-2149 FU Smithsonian Institution Office of Research and Training Services FX This research was supported through a Pre-Doctoral Fellowship from the Smithsonian Institution Office of Research and Training Services. The authors thank Anthony Maiorana and Cathy Zaret, Smithsonian Museum Conservation Institute interns, for preparing and providing a set of dyed-silk samples for the study. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0038-7010 J9 SPECTROSC LETT JI Spectr. Lett. PY 2011 VL 44 IS 2 BP 113 EP 121 AR PII 933730676 DI 10.1080/00387011003786050 PG 9 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 723EY UT WOS:000287490500006 ER PT J AU del Hoyo-Melendez, JM Mecklenburg, ME Domenech-Carbo, MT AF del Hoyo-Melendez, Julio M. Mecklenburg, Marion E. Teresa Domenech-Carbo, Maria TI Determination of the Annual Light Exposure Received by Two-Dimensional Museum Objects Displayed on Vertical Surfaces using Photometric Measurements SO STUDIES IN CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID TEMPERA AB Accurate estimates of cumulative light exposure are an important prerequisite for the assessment and limitation of photochemical damage to museum objects on display The task is complicated because spotlights used to highlight particular features illuminate objects' surfaces unevenly, and also because indirect light sources, for example diffuse sunlight within exhibition spaces, result in changing total illumination levels throughout the day and seasonally This paper presents a methodology for determining the annual light exposure of 2-D objects by combining the results of continuous light readings adjacent to the object and one-off point measurements over its illuminated surface, a method that allows a more accurate estimate of total exposure than either monitoring method alone. Two pieces of information are required to calculate cumulative exposure:first, the ratio of direct to indirect lighting, which is arrived at by quantifying the amount of visible light falling on the object relative to that received by its surroundings; and, second, the diurnal and seasonal variation in illuminance of indirect light sources, particularly diffuse daylight. Two paintings in different galleries exposed to different ratios of diffuse sunlight to direct artificial light - one low and the other high - were used to refine and test the method. C1 [del Hoyo-Melendez, Julio M.] Getty Conservat Inst, Museum Res Lab, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Mecklenburg, Marion E.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Teresa Domenech-Carbo, Maria] Univ Politecn Valencia, Heritage Conservat Inst, Valencia, Spain. [Teresa Domenech-Carbo, Maria] Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Conservat & Restorat Cultural Heritage, Valencia, Spain. [del Hoyo-Melendez, Julio M.] Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Univ Restaurac Patrimonio, Valencia 46022, Spain. RP del Hoyo-Melendez, JM (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Univ Restaurac Patrimonio, Camino Vera 14, Valencia 46022, Spain. EM judeho1@doctor.upv.es; mecklenburgm@si.edu; tdomenec@crbc.upv.es RI del Hoyo-Melendez, Julio/B-1395-2012 OI del Hoyo-Melendez, Julio/0000-0003-2163-2149 FU Smithsonian Collections Advisory Committee; Smithsonian Institution Office of Research and Training Services; Smithsonian American Art Museum; National Portrait Gallery; Museum Conservation Institute FX The authors are greatly indebted to Bruce Ford for his helpful technical comments about this research and also for proofreading the final manuscript. This research was supported by the Smithsonian's Collections Care Pool Fund, administered by the Smithsonian Collections Advisory Committee and through a predoctoral fellowship from the Smithsonian Institution Office of Research and Training Services. The work proposal was jointly sponsored by the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the National Portrait Gallery and the Museum Conservation Institute. The authors would like to express their gratitude to staff from both museums for all their support, valuable discussions and recommendations concerning this work. Finally, special thanks to Magdalena Moskal for her valuable comments and suggestions concerning this paper. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT INST CONSERVATION HISTORIC ARTISTIC WORKS PI LONDON PA 6 BUCKINGHAM ST, LONDON WC2N 6BA, ENGLAND SN 0039-3630 J9 STUD CONSERV JI Stud. Conserv. PY 2011 VL 56 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 PG 10 WC Archaeology; Art; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Archaeology; Art; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 770VA UT WOS:000291115400003 ER PT J AU Bohrer, FN AF Bohrer, Frederick N. TI Edges of Art: Photographic Albums, Archaeology, and Representation SO STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF ART LA English DT Article C1 [Bohrer, Frederick N.] Hood Coll, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Bohrer, Frederick N.] Arthur M Sackler Gallery Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Bohrer, FN (reprint author), Hood Coll, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU YALE UNIV PRESS PI NEW HAVEN PA JOURNALS DEPT 92A YALE STATION, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520 USA SN 0091-7338 J9 STUD HIST ART JI Stud. Hist. Art PY 2011 VL 77 BP 221 EP 235 PG 15 WC Art SC Art GA 879YI UT WOS:000299368400013 ER PT J AU Knee, KL Paytan, A AF Knee, K. L. Paytan, A. BE Wolanski, E McLusky, D TI Submarine Groundwater Discharge: A Source of Nutrients, Metals, and Pollutants to the Coastal Ocean SO TREATISE ON ESTUARINE AND COASTAL SCIENCE, VOL 4: GEOCHEMISTRY OF ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DELAYED COINCIDENCE COUNTER; ESTUARINE SURFACE-WATER; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; RADIUM ISOTOPES AB This chapter provides a review of the current state of knowledge on submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and the associated fluxes of nutrients, trace metals, microbes, pharmaceuticals, and other terrestrial constituents to coastal waters. We review methods of estimating SGD, present flux estimates from different locations worldwide, and discuss how various hydrogeologic features such as topography, aquifer substrate, climate, waves, and tides affect SGD. We discuss the range of nutrient and metal concentrations observed in groundwater and their relationship to land use, and explore the chemical changes that nutrients and metals undergo during their seaward journey through the aquifer. Climate change is likely to affect both the quantity and the quality of SGD, and we investigate these effects, which are only beginning to be studied. The chapter concludes with a discussion of active areas of SGD research, including expanding the geographic scope of SGD studies; characterizing and reducing the uncertainty associated with SGD measurements; understanding the behavior of nutrients, metals, and other pollutants in the subterranean estuary; and modeling SGD on a global scale. C1 [Knee, K. L.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Paytan, A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Knee, KL (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. NR 289 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-087885-0 PY 2011 BP 205 EP 233 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BA2UI UT WOS:000333921200008 ER PT J AU Eberhard, WG AF Eberhard, William G. TI Experiments with genitalia: a commentary SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID BEETLE ONTHOPHAGUS-TAURUS; MALE FERTILIZATION SUCCESS; TSETSE-FLY GENITALIA; SEPSID FLIES DIPTERA; SEXUAL SELECTION; COPULATORY COURTSHIP; SPERM COMPETITION; INSECT GENITALIA; FEMALE INFLUENCE; MORPHOLOGY AB There has been a recent burst of studies of the function of genitalia, many of which share several important shortcomings. Given that further studies on this topic are likely (there are probably millions of species showing rapid genital divergence), I discuss the studies critically to promote clear formulation of hypotheses and interpretation of results in the future. I also emphasize some possibly important but neglected variables, including female stimulation, phylogenetic contexts, and the behavior of male genitalia, and outline simple techniques that could improve future studies. C1 [Eberhard, William G.] Univ Costa Rica, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, San Pedro, Costa Rica. [Eberhard, William G.] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Pedro, Costa Rica. RP Eberhard, WG (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ciudad Univ, San Pedro, Costa Rica. EM william.eberhard@gmail.com FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Universidad de Costa Rica FX I thank D.J. Hosken and M.J. West-Eberhard for comments on previous versions of the article, and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Universidad de Costa Rica for financial support. NR 52 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 26 IS 1 BP 17 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2010.10.009 PG 5 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 710XK UT WOS:000286550100005 PM 21093955 ER PT B AU Hayward, CC Narayanan, D Jonsson, P Cox, TJ Keres, D Hopkins, PF Hernquist, L AF Hayward, Christopher C. Narayanan, Desika Jonsson, Patrik Cox, Thomas J. Keres, Dusan Hopkins, Philip F. Hernquist, Lars BE Treyer, M Wyder, TK Neill, JD Seibert, M Lee, JC TI Do Sub-Millimeter Galaxy Number Counts Provide Evidence for a Top-Heavy IMF? SO UP2010: HAVE OBSERVATIONS REVEALED A VARIABLE UPPER END OF THE INITIAL MASS FUNCTION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UP2010: Have Observations Revealed a Variable Upper End of the Initial Mass Function CY JUN 20-25, 2010 CL Sedona, AZ ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; MOLECULAR GAS; MASS FUNCTION; LAMBDA-CDM; MERGERS; SIMULATIONS; EVOLUTION; UNIVERSE; MATTER; MODEL AB Theoretical models have had difficulty matching the observed number density of sub-millimeter galaxies (SMGs), causing some authors (e.g., Baugh et al. 2005) to suggest that SMGs provide evidence for a top-heavy initial mass function (IMF). To test this claim, we have, for the first time, combined high-resolution 3-D hydrodynamic simulations of isolated and merging massive, gas-rich galaxies, radiative transfer, and a semi-empirical merger rate model to predict the number density of SMGs. Our model can reproduce the observed SMG number density even when using a standard (Kroupa) IMF. The agreement is due to a combination of relatively long sub-mm duty cycles for mergers (a few times 10(8) years for our most massive models), which owe to our combination of high-resolution 3-D hydrodynamic simulations and dust radiative transfer; sufficient number densities of massive, gas-rich mergers; and the decrease in sub-mm counts observed by recent deep/wide surveys (e.g., Austermann et al. 2010) relative to previous surveys. Our results suggest that the observed SMG number counts do not provide evidence for a top-heavy IMF at high redshift. C1 [Hayward, Christopher C.; Narayanan, Desika; Jonsson, Patrik; Keres, Dusan; Hernquist, Lars] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hayward, CC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-760-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 440 BP 369 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUS98 UT WOS:000290247400044 ER PT J AU Scherer, JC AF Scherer, Joanna Cohan TI Visual currencies: Reflections on Native photography SO VISUAL STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Scherer, Joanna Cohan] Smithsonian, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Scherer, JC (reprint author), Smithsonian, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1472-586X J9 VISUAL STUD JI Vis. Stud. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 SI SI BP 178 EP 179 AR PII 938524458 DI 10.1080/1472586X.2011.571907 PG 2 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 776LH UT WOS:000291535800014 ER PT J AU Scherer, JC AF Scherer, Joanna Cohan TI Picturing Indians: Photographic encounters and tourist fantasies in H. H. Bennett's Wisconsin Dells SO VISUAL STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Scherer, Joanna Cohan] Smithsonian, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Scherer, JC (reprint author), Smithsonian, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1472-586X J9 VISUAL STUD JI Vis. Stud. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 SI SI BP 179 EP 179 AR PII 938524924 DI 10.1080/1472586X.2011.571909 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 776LH UT WOS:000291535800015 ER PT B AU Kilic, M AF Kilic, Mukremin BE Hoard, DW TI Cool White Dwarfs SO WHITE DWARF ATMOSPHERES AND CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; MODEL ATMOSPHERE ANALYSIS; VERY-LOW LUMINOSITY; PHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; SPACE-TELESCOPE; GALACTIC DISK; STARS; HALO; AGE C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kilic, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-63659-4; 978-3-527-41031-6 PY 2011 BP 25 EP 52 D2 10.1002/9783527636570 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BA6WO UT WOS:000337295500003 ER PT B AU Di Stefano, R AF Di Stefano, Rosanne BE Hoard, DW TI Planets Orbiting White Dwarfs SO WHITE DWARF ATMOSPHERES AND CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EXCESS INFRARED RADIATION; GASEOUS DEBRIS DISC; WIDE-ANGLE SEARCH; BROWN DWARF; DUSTY DISK; TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; SUBSTELLAR COMPANION; STELLAR EVOLUTION; IMAGING PLANETS; MASS COMPANIONS C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Di Stefano, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 118 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-63659-4; 978-3-527-41031-6 PY 2011 BP 89 EP 116 D2 10.1002/9783527636570 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BA6WO UT WOS:000337295500005 ER PT B AU Boyer, ML Srinivasan, S van Loon, JT McDonald, I Gordon, KD Meixner, M Clayton, G Babler, B Block, M Bracker, S Engelbracht, CW Hora, J Indebetouw, R Meade, M Missselt, K Robitaille, T Sewilo, M Shiao, B Whitney, B AF Boyer, M. L. Srinivasan, S. van Loon, J. Th. McDonald, I. Gordon, K. D. Meixner, M. Clayton, G. Babler, B. Block, M. Bracker, S. Engelbracht, C. W. Hora, J. Indebetouw, R. Meade, M. Missselt, K. Robitaille, T. Sewilo, M. Shiao, B. Whitney, B. CA SAGE-SMC Team BE Kerschbaum, F Lebzelter, T Wing, RF TI A SAGE Overview of AGB Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud SO WHY GALAXIES CARE ABOUT AGB STARS II: SHINING EXAMPLES AND COMMON INHABITANTS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Why Galaxies Care About AGB Stars II: Shining Examples and Common Inhabitants CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Univ Campus, Vienna, AUSTRIA HO Univ Campus ID EVOLVED STARS AB The Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) has been imaged from 3.6 to 160 mu m as part of the Spitzer Legacy program entitled: "Surveying the Agents of Galaxy Evolution in the SMC" (SAGE-SMC). These wavelengths are ideal for studying circumstellar dust, and the full spatial coverage of the SMC (including the bar, wing, and tail) allows for a statistically complete study of its entire dust-producing Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) star population. Here, we discuss the infrared colors and spectral energy distributions of the SMC AGB stars, particularly with respect to dust production and mass loss. We also compare the SMC AGB population to those in the higher-metallicity LMC. C1 [Boyer, M. L.; Gordon, K. D.; Meixner, M.; Shiao, B.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Srinivasan, S.] Inst Astrophys, Paris, France. [van Loon, J. Th.] Keele Univ, Astrophys Grp, Lennard Janes Lab, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [McDonald, I.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Clayton, G.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Babler, B.; Bracker, S.; Meade, M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Engelbracht, C. W.; Missselt, K.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hora, J.; Robitaille, T.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Indebetouw, R.; Sewilo, M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Whitney, B.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Boyer, ML (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. FU JPL [1309827, 1340964] FX This work is supported by JPL contracts 1309827 & 1340964 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-770-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 445 BP 473 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAH05 UT WOS:000304132300105 ER PT B AU Otsuka, M Meixner, M Sargent, B Hora, JL Cohen, M AF Otsuka, M. Meixner, M. Sargent, B. Hora, J. L. Cohen, M. BE Kerschbaum, F Lebzelter, T Wing, RF TI Dust Production in Large Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebulae SO WHY GALAXIES CARE ABOUT AGB STARS II: SHINING EXAMPLES AND COMMON INHABITANTS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Why Galaxies Care About AGB Stars II: Shining Examples and Common Inhabitants CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Univ Campus, Vienna, AUSTRIA HO Univ Campus ID EVOLUTION; STARS AB We present dust mass measurements of 12 Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) planetary nebulae (PNe) based on Spitzer data and CLOUDY modelings. We show the relations between the dust mass and dust-to-gas mass ratio and metallicity in our sample. Our estimated mass-loss rate is approximately comparable to theoretical model predictions for 1-2 M-circle dot stars with a typical LMC metallicity. C1 [Otsuka, M.; Meixner, M.; Sargent, B.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hora, J. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Cohen, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Otsuka, M (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-770-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 445 BP 535 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAH05 UT WOS:000304132300118 ER PT J AU Erwin, TL AF Erwin, Terry L. TI Halocoryza Alluaud, 1919, sea-side beetles of the Indian, Atlantic (sensu lato), and Pacific Oceans: a generic synopsis and description of a remarkable new species from Baja California Sur, Mexico (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritini, Clivinina) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Sea of Cortes; Caribbean Sea; Gulf of Mexico; intertidal zone; sandy beaches; beetles; centipedes; coral reefs; Isla Carmen AB Information on the three previously described species of Halocoryza Alluaud is updated and a new species for the genus from Isla Carmen, Sea of Cortes, Baja California Sur, Mexico is described. Halocoryza whiteheadiana sp. n. was found at UV light on a beach of that island. This species does not fit the profile of the other three species, i.e., living on coralline beach sands, or in the Mangrove intertidal zone. Two alternative possibilities as to why this is so are suggested and a study plan for testing these possibilities is proposed. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Hyper Divers Grp, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Erwin, TL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Hyper Divers Grp, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 87,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM erwint@si.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 127 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.3897/zookeys.127.1748 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 831WZ UT WOS:000295763100001 PM 21998544 ER PT J AU Hershler, R Liu, HP AF Hershler, Robert Liu, Hsiu-Ping TI Redescription of Marstonia comalensis (Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1906), a poorly known and possibly threatened freshwater gastropod from the Edwards Plateau region (Texas) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Marstonia; Hydrobiidae; Gastropoda; United States; Texas; freshwater; taxonomy; conservation ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; HYDROBIID SNAILS; RIVER-BASIN; RISSOOIDEA; PROSOBRANCHIA; ALABAMA; USA AB Marstonia comalensis, a poorly known nymphophiline gastropod (originally described from Comal Creek, Texas) that has often been confused with Cincinnatia integra, is re-described and the generic placement of this species, which was recently allocated to Marstonia based on unpublished evidence, is confirmed by anatomical study. Marstonia comalensis is a large congener having an ovate-conic, openly umbilicate shell and penis having a short filament and oblique, squarish lobe bearing a narrow gland along its distal edge. It is well differentiated morphologically from congeners having similar shells and penes and is also genetically divergent relative to those congeners that have been sequenced (mtCOI divergence 3.0-8.5%). A Bayesian analysis of a small COI dataset resolved M. comalensis in a poorly supported sub-clade together with M hershleri, M lustrica and M pachyta. The predominantly new records presented herein indicate that M comalensis was historically distributed in the upper portions of the Brazos, Colorado, Guadalupe and Nueces River basins, south-central Texas. The species has been live collected at only 12 localities and only two of these have been re-visited since 1993. These data suggest that the conservation status of this snail, which has a critically imperiled (G1) NatureServe ranking and was recently proposed for federal listing, needs to be re-assessed. C1 [Hershler, Robert] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Liu, Hsiu-Ping] Metropolitan State Coll Denver, Dept Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP Hershler, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hershlerr@si.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 77 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.3897/zookeys.77.935 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 734NV UT WOS:000288341700001 ER PT J AU Mengual, X AF Mengual, Ximo TI Black-tie dress code: two new species of the genus Toxomerus (Diptera, Syrphidae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Toxomerus; flower flies; Syrphidae; new species; identification key ID MACQUART AB Toxomerus hauseri Mengual sp. n. and T picudus Mengual sp. n. are described from Peru and Ecuador respectively. Toxomerus circumcintus (Enderlein, 1938) is treated as a valid species and not considered synonym of T marginatus, and Toxomerus ovatus (Hull, 1942) is considered junior synonym of Toxomerus nitidus (Schiner, 1868). An identification key for the Toxomerus species with dark abdomens is given along with diagnoses for each studied species. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, NMNH, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Mengual, X (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, NMNH, NHB 169, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM xmengual@gmail.com OI Mengual, Ximo/0000-0002-6185-9404 FU Schlinger Foundation FX I sincerely thank F. Christian Thompson, National Museum of Natural History, Washington (USNM) for inviting me to study the USNM collection and for the support given during all these years as a Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellow and an EOL Rubenstein Fellow. I thank Joachim Ziegler, Museum fir Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitat, Berlin (ZMHB); and Guido O. Keiji, Nederlands Centrum voor Biodiversiteit Naturalis [formerly the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Naturalis], Leiden (RMNH) for permission to study material in their care. I'm very grateful to Martin Hauser for kindly letting me study material in his hands and to Louis Sorkin, on behalf of the The New York Entomological Society, for permit to use the illustrations from Hull (1943) [The genus Mesogramma. Entomologica Americana 23: 1-41]. I also thank Amanda Pires for comments on the identification key and discussion about Toxomerus species and to Jens Prena for his help with German translations. I thank The Schlinger Foundation for supporting my postdoctoral fellowship at the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). NR 47 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 140 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.3897/zookeys.140.1930 PG 25 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 882VI UT WOS:000299591600001 PM 22144857 ER PT J AU Penev, L Hagedorn, G Mietchen, D Georgiev, T Stoev, P Sautter, G Agosti, D Plank, A Balke, M Hendrich, L Erwin, T AF Penev, Lyubomir Hagedorn, Gregor Mietchen, Daniel Georgiev, Teodor Stoev, Pavel Sautter, Guido Agosti, Donat Plank, Andreas Balke, Michael Hendrich, Lars Erwin, Terry TI Interlinking journal and wiki publications through joint citation: Working examples from ZooKeys and Plazi on Species-ID SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article ID TAXONOMY; WIKIPEDIA; CRISIS AB Scholarly publishing and citation practices have developed largely in the absence of versioned documents. The digital age requires new practices to combine the old and the new. We describe how the original published source and a versioned wiki page based on it can be reconciled and combined into a single citation reference. We illustrate the citation mechanism by way of practical examples focusing on journal and wild publishing of taxon treatments. Specifically, we discuss mechanisms for permanent cross-linking between the static original publication and the dynamic, versioned wiki, as well as for automated export of journal content to the wiki, to reduce the workload on authors, for combining the journal and the wiki citation and for integrating it with the attribution of wiki contributors. C1 [Penev, Lyubomir] Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Res, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Hagedorn, Gregor; Plank, Andreas] Julius Kuhn Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Penev, Lyubomir; Georgiev, Teodor; Stoev, Pavel] Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Stoev, Pavel] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Sautter, Guido] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IPD Bohm, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Sautter, Guido; Agosti, Donat] Plazi, Bern, Switzerland. [Balke, Michael] Univ Munich, GeoBio Ctr, Munich, Germany. [Balke, Michael; Hendrich, Lars] Zool Staatssammlung, D-81247 Munich, Germany. [Erwin, Terry] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Mietchen, Daniel] Sci 3 0, Sofia, Bulgaria. RP Penev, L (reprint author), Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Res, Sofia, Bulgaria. EM info@pensoft.net OI Stoev, Pavel/0000-0002-5702-5677; Georgiev, Teodor/0000-0001-8558-6845; Mietchen, Daniel/0000-0001-9488-1870 FU ViBRANT (Virtual Biodiversity Research and Access Network for Taxonomy) FX The current implementation is funded in part by the ViBRANT (Virtual Biodiversity Research and Access Network for Taxonomy, www.vbrant.eu) FP7 project. We also thank Konrad Forstner for initial discussions and test code for automated export to MediaWiki. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 90 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.3897/zookeys.90.1369 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 773RY UT WOS:000291329100001 PM 21594104 ER PT J AU Erwin, T Stoev, P Georgiev, T Penev, L AF Erwin, Terry Stoev, Pavel Georgiev, Teodor Penev, Lyubomir TI ZooKeys 150: Three and a half years of innovative publishing and growth SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Editorial Material ID AGATHIDINAE HYMENOPTERA; WORKING EXAMPLES; INTERACTIVE KEYS; SYSTEMATICS; BRACONIDAE; REVISION; DISSEMINATION; PUBLICATION; COLEOPTERA; DIVERSITY C1 [Stoev, Pavel; Penev, Lyubomir] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Stoev, Pavel; Georgiev, Teodor; Penev, Lyubomir] Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Erwin, Terry] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Penev, L (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Sofia, Bulgaria. EM info@pensoft.net OI Stoev, Pavel/0000-0002-5702-5677; Georgiev, Teodor/0000-0001-8558-6845 NR 37 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 150 SI SI BP 5 EP 14 DI 10.3897/zookeys.150.2431 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 882VV UT WOS:000299592900002 PM 22207804 ER PT J AU Ren, D Shih, CK Labandeira, CC AF Ren, Dong Shih, ChungKun Labandeira, Conrad C. TI A well-preserved aneuretopsychid from the Jehol Biota of China (Insecta, Mecoptera, Aneuretopsychidae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Aneuretopsychidae; new genus; new species; proboscis; Yixian Formation; China; Early Cretaceous; pollination drops ID LONG-PROBOSCID SCORPIONFLIES; CRETACEOUS AGE; POLLINATION AB The Aneuretopsychidae is an unspeciose and enigmatic family of long-proboscid insects that presently consist of one known genus and three species from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of north-central Asia. In this paper, a new genus and species of fossil aneuretopsychid is described and illustrated, Jeholopsyche liaoningensis gen. et sp. n. Fossils representing this new taxon were collected from mid Early Cretaceous strata of the well known Jehol Biota in Liaoning Province, China. This finding documents the first formal record of fossil Aneuretopsychidae in China. In addition, this well-preserved and new material reveals previously unknown and detailed morphological structure of the mouthparts, antennae, head, thorax, legs and abdomen of this distinctive insect lineage. C1 [Ren, Dong; Shih, ChungKun; Labandeira, Conrad C.] Capital Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China. [Labandeira, Conrad C.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Labandeira, Conrad C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Labandeira, Conrad C.] Univ Maryland, BEES Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ren, D (reprint author), Capital Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China. EM rendong@mail.cnu.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30430100, 40872022]; Nature Science Foundation of Beijing [5082002]; Beijing Municipal Commission of Education FX We thank Dr. Alexandr Rasnitsyn for his contribution to the study of long-proboscid scorpionflies in Ren et al. (2009), and his preparation of the mouthparts of the Holotype CNU-M-LB-2005-002-2. We appreciate valuable comments and suggestion from Dr. Dmitry Shcherbakov and two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 30430100 and 40872022), Nature Science Foundation of Beijing (Grant 5082002), and the Scientific Research Key Program and PHR Project of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education. This is contribution 151 of the Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems Consortium at the National Museum of Natural History, in Washington, D.C. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 129 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.3897/zookeys.129.1282 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 831XC UT WOS:000295763400002 PM 21998553 ER PT J AU Baldwin, CC Castillo, CI Weigt, LA Victor, BC AF Baldwin, Carole C. Castillo, Cristina I. Weigt, Lee A. Victor, Benjamin C. TI Seven new species within western Atlantic Starksia atlantica, S. lepicoelia, and S. sluiteri (Teleostei, Labrisomidae), with comments on congruence of DNA barcodes and species SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Starksia; DNA Barcoding; new species; species complex; biogeography ID PELAGIC LARVAL DURATION; GOBIIDAE; CONNECTIVITY; DIVERSITY; REVEALS; FISHES AB Specimens of Starksia were collected throughout the western Atlantic, and a 650-bp portion of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase-c subunit I (COI) was sequenced as part of a re-analysis of species diversity of western Central Atlantic shorefishes. A neighbor-joining tree constructed from the sequence data suggests the existence of several cryptic species. Voucher specimens from each genetically distinct lineage and color photographs of vouchers taken prior to dissection and preservation were examined for diagnostic morphological characters. The results suggest that S. atlantica, S. lepicoelia, and S. sluiteri are species complexes, and each comprises three or more species. Seven new species are described. DNA data usually support morphological features, but some incongruence between genetic and morphological data exists. Genetic lineages are only recognized as species if supported by morphology. Genetic lineages within western Atlantic Starksia generally correspond to geography, such that members of each species complex have a very restricted geographical distribution. Increasing geographical coverage of sampling locations will almost certainly increase the number of Starksia species and species complexes recognized in the western Atlantic. Combining molecular and morphological investigations is bringing clarity to the taxonomy of many genera of morphologically similar fishes and increasing the number of currently recognized species. Future phylogenetic studies should help resolve species relationships and shed light on patterns of speciation in western Atlantic Starksia. C1 [Baldwin, Carole C.; Castillo, Cristina I.; Weigt, Lee A.; Victor, Benjamin C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Victor, Benjamin C.] Ocean Sci Fdn, Irvine, CA 92604 USA. [Victor, Benjamin C.] Nova SE Univ, Guy Harvey Res Inst, Dania, FL 33004 USA. RP Baldwin, CC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM baldwinc@si.edu FU Smithsonian Marine Science Network; Smithsonian DNA Barcoding Initiative; Genome Canada (through the Ontario Genomics Institute); NSERC; Hunterdon Oceanographic Research Fund; Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce (SMSFP) FX J. Van Tassell, D.R. Robertson, W. F. Smith-Vaniz, and J. T. Williams provided color images of various Starksia species. D. Griswold assisted with photography and radiography of preserved specimens. A. Driskell and A. Ormos provided laboratory and logistical assistance. D. Smith provided field assistance and contributed in numerous other ways to the project. K. Murphy and D. Pitassy provided assistance with cataloging and database issues. J. Bagley, C. Caldow, M. Carpenter, K. Clifton, A. Driskell, M. Fagan, Z. Foltz, B. Holt, J. Lang, L. Lang, B. Langton, and J. Mounts provided field assistance. B. Brown, A. Carvalho, L. Jordan, J. Lamkin, R. Robins, A. Shiroza, and H. Valles provided specimens. M. van Oijen and R. de Ruiter provided images and information on the holotype of Brannerella sluiteri. D. Munn and D. Wilson provided Funding for the second author's internship at the Smithsonian. Research in Florida was conducted pursuant to SAL # 07SR-1024B to the first author. A. Gazit, K. Wilson, and M. Kunen facilitated collecting in Curacao through the CARMABI laboratory. Fieldwork in the Bahamas was conducted under the auspices of the Perry Institute of Marine Science, with logistical assistance from B. Gadd, E. Lamarre, and D. O'Donnell. A portion of the research in the Bahamas was funded by a donation from C. B. Lang to the Smithsonian Institution in memory of D. E. Baldwin and R. A. Lang. R. Langton, J. Gobin, and K. Caesar facilitated collecting in Tobago, and B. Holt provided support and logistical help for research on South Caicos Island. D. R. Robertson and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, the Government of Panama, the Kuna people of the Kuna Yala of the Comarca of San Bias, R. Nemeth and the MacLean Marine Science Center at the University of the Virgin Islands, and M. Shivji at the Guy Harvey Research Institute at the Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center provided cooperative assistance. The Smithsonian Marine Science Network provided major funding for fieldwork through a grant to the first author, and the Smithsonian DNA Barcoding Initiative provided funding for CO1 analyses. Additional DNA barcoding was facilitated by B. Hanner and supported through funding to the Canadian Barcode of Life Network from Genome Canada (through the Ontario Genomics Institute), NSERC, and other sponsors listed at www.BOLNET.ca. This is contribution number 898 of the Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems Program (CCRE), Smithsonian Institution, supported in part by the Hunterdon Oceanographic Research Fund, and Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce (SMSFP) Contribution No. 841. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 79 BP 21 EP 72 DI 10.3897/zookeys.79.1045 PG 52 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 754RH UT WOS:000289873900003 PM 21594143 ER PT J AU Paretas-Martinez, J Restrepo-Ortiz, C Buffington, M Pujade-Villar, J AF Paretas-Martinez, J. Restrepo-Ortiz, C. Buffington, M. Pujade-Villar, J. TI Systematics of Australian Thrasorinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae) with descriptions of Mikeiinae, new subfamily, two new genera, and three new species SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Australia; Figitidae; Mikeiinae; Cicatrix; Mikeius; Palmiriella; Thrasorus ID PHYLOGENY; EUCOILINAE; EVOLUTION; REVISION; ASHMEAD; GENUS AB The Australian Thrasorinae are revised and Mikeius is transferred to Mikeiinae Paretas-Martinez & Pujade-Villar, subfam. n., and M. clavatus Pujade-Villar & Restrepo-Ortiz, sp. n., is described. Two new genera of Thrasorinae are erected: Cicatrix Paretas-Martinez, gen. n., including C. pilosiscutum (Girault), comb. n. from Amblynotus, C schauffi (Buffington), comb. n. from Mikeius, and C. neumannoides Paretas-Martinez & Restrepo-Ortiz, sp. n.; and Palmiriella Pujade-Villar & Paretas-Martinez, gen. n., including P neumanni (Buffington), comb. n. from Mikeius, Thrasorus rieki Paretas-Martinez & Pujade-Villar, sp. n., is also described. A phylogenetic analysis of 176 morphological and biological characters, including all these new taxa and all genera previously included in Thrasorinae, was conducted. All subfamilies were recovered as monophyletic, with the following relationships: Parnipinae (Euceroptrinae (Mikeiinae (Plectocynipinae (Thrasorinae)))). A worldwide key to the subfamilies of Figitidae is provided that includes the new subfamily, as well as a key to genera Thrasorinae. C1 [Buffington, M.] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, NMNH, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Paretas-Martinez, J.; Restrepo-Ortiz, C.; Pujade-Villar, J.] Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Dept Anim Biol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RP Buffington, M (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, NMNH, Smithsonian Inst, 10th Constitut Ave NW,POB 37012 MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov RI Pujade-Villar, Juli/K-9838-2014 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 108 BP 21 EP 48 DI 10.3897/zookeys.108.829 PG 28 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 809WZ UT WOS:000294088700003 PM 21852926 ER PT J AU Maier, CA Spangler, PJ AF Maier, Crystal A. Spangler, Paul J. TI Hypsilara royi gen. n. and sp n. (Coleoptera, Elmidae, Larainae) from Southern Venezuela, with a revised key to Larainae of the Western Hemisphere SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Aquatic insects; Cerro de Neblina; Neotropical Region; riffle beetle; tepui; Guiana Shield ID LARINAE AB Here we describe a new genus, for a new species of riffle beetle, Hypsilara royi gen. n. and sp. n., from the tepui Cerro de la Neblina in southern Venezuela. This new genus can be distinguished from all other laraine genera by its small size (ca. 4.5 mm) and the presence of a shallow, wide, V-shaped groove across the apical third of the pronotum. An updated key to the genera of Western Hemisphere Larainae is provided, along with information on habitat and collection methods for this taxon. C1 [Maier, Crystal A.] Univ Kansas, Div Entomol, Biodivers Inst, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Maier, Crystal A.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Spangler, Paul J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Maier, CA (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Div Entomol, Biodivers Inst, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM cmaier@ku.edu FU Smithsonian Institution; US National Science Foundation [DEB-0816904] FX The authors thank Robin A. Faitoute, Warren E. Steiner, and Phyllis M. Spangler for their help with collecting the adults and larvae of this new genus; Charles Brewer Carias, who coordinated the expedition to Cerro de la Neblina Park; Andrew Short for comments on earlier version of the manuscript and taking the scanning electron micrographs; and Taro Eldredge and Matthew Gimmel for proofreading the manuscript. This research was supported by Smithsonian Institution's Scholarly Research Fund (to PJS) and US National Science Foundation grant #DEB-0816904 to Andrew Short. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 116 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.3897/zookeys.116.1347 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 809XQ UT WOS:000294090400003 PM 21998500 ER PT J AU Davis, DR De Prins, J AF Davis, Donald R. De Prins, Jurate TI Systematics and biology of the new genus Macrosaccus with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Biogeography; DNA barcodes; host plants; hypermetamorphosis; genital morphology; larval morphology; Lithocolletinae; pupal morphology; leaf mining; taxonomy ID LEAF-MINING MOTH; ROBINIA-PSEUDOACACIA; DNA BARCODES; BLACK LOCUST; HYMENOPTERA; EULOPHIDAE AB The new genus Macrosaccus Davis & De Prins is proposed for three species formerly assigned to the genus Phyllonorycter. M robiniella (Clemens), M morrisella (Fitch), and M. uhlerella (Fitch); two new, closely related species: M. neomexicanus Davis and M gliricidius Davis, are also proposed. Descriptions of the adults, pupae, larvae, life histories, and distributions are supplemented with photographs, line drawings, and scanning electron micrographs. Larvae of all species are serpentine/blotch leaf miners on various genera of the plant family Fabaceae. The genus is endemic to the New World, with the invasive species M robiniella now widely established in Europe. C1 [Davis, Donald R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [De Prins, Jurate] Royal Museum Cent Africa, Dept African Zool, Tervuren, Belgium. RP Davis, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 105, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM davisd@si.edu FU Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute; NSERC; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Belgian Science Policy Office; Smithsonian Research Foundation; Smithsonian Research Initiatives; Research Opportunity Fund FX We wish to thank Young Sohn of the Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution for the line illustrations and Patricia Gentili-Poole of the Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, who assisted with graphics and final preparation of plates. Eliane De Coninck, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Belgium kindly assisted in photographing the preimaginal stages of M robiniella. Mignon Davis of the Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution recorded specimen data and assisted with fieldwork and specimen curation. Special thanks are due to Tim McCabe, New York State Museum, and Jean Sheviak, Capital District Library Council, Albany, NY, USA for their assistance in establishing a more precise publication date for the 1859 New York State Agricultural Society publication by Asa Fitch. Tim McCabe was also helpful in providing information regarding the gracillariid names proposed by Fitch. We are indebted to Linda Butler and Vicki Kondo, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Ronald Cave, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, USA; Jean Etienne, Institut national de la Recherche agronomique, Centre Antilles Guyane, Domaine Duclos, Guadeloupe; Terry Harrison, Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA; E. Richard Hoebeke, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA; Jean-Francois Landry, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Steven Passoa, Plant Protection and Quarantine, APHIS, USDA, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Phillip Perkins, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Ron Priest, Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, USA; Paul Tinerella, Insect Collection Manager, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, USA; Kevin Tuck, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; Jason Weintraub, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, USA, and Ronald Wielgus, Kneeland, California, USA for the gift or loan of essential material and pertinent information. We kindly thank Zdenek Lastuvka and Hana Sefrova, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic; David Lees, Centre de Recherche d'Orleans, INRA, France; Bernard Landry, Museum d'histoire naturelle, Geneve, Switzerland; Alberto Zilli, Museo civico di Zoologia, Rome, Italy; Rumen Tomov, Faculty of Agriculture, Sofia, Bulgaria; Sergey Sinev, Zoological Institute of the RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia; Constantin Netoiu, Institutul de Cercetari si Amenajari Silvice, Romania; Gabrijel Seljak, Slovenia; Gyorgy Csoka, Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, Matrafured, Hungary; Alexey Bidzylia, Zoological Museum of Kiev Taras Shevchenko National University, Ukraine, and the members of the Flemish Entomological Society, Belgium, Willy De Prins in particular, for very valuable information on the distribution of M. robiniella in Europe. Terry Harrison was especially helpful in rearing additional specimens of Macrosaccus uhlerella and photographing their larval mines. We also are grateful to Gyorgy Csoka, Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, Matrafured, Hungary for his permission to use two images (Figures 36, 37) of Macrosaccus robiniella. We cordially thank John Noyes, Natural History Museum, London, UK for providing some of the references on the parasitoids of M robiniella. The DNA barcode sequences were generated at the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario with funding to Paul D.N.; Hebert from Genome Canada through the Ontario Gnomics Institute, NSERC, and the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation. Stephanie Kirk, Jeremy deWaard, and Megan Milton of the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, and Jean-Francois Landry also were helpful in assisting with specimens for barcoding. Apostolis Pekas (Westerlo, Belgium) is kindly acknowledged for explaining the finesses of old Greek spelling, which were implemented into the formation of the genus-group name Macrosaccus. Belgian Science Policy Office is gratefully thanked for supporting financially the taxonomic study on Gracillariidae. DRD wishes to acknowledge the former Smithsonian Research Foundation, Smithsonian Research Initiatives, and the Research Opportunity Fund for supporting his research on the biology of leaf-mining Lepidoptera. NR 121 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 98 BP 29 EP 82 DI 10.3897/zookeys.98.925 PG 54 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 790VZ UT WOS:000292620000002 PM 21594070 ER PT J AU Mathis, WN Sueyoshi, M AF Mathis, Wayne N. Sueyoshi, Masahiro TI New species of the genus Cyamops Melander from New Zealand (Diptera, Periscelididae, Stenomicrinae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Periscelididae (Stenomicrinae); new species; New Zealand AB Two new species of the genus Cyamops (Diptera: Periscelididae), the first from New Zealand, are described. The two newly described species are: Cyamops alessandrae and C. crosbyi. A key to the genera of the subfamily Stenomicrinae and to the species of Cyamops from the Australasian/Oceanian Region and detailed illustrations of structures of the male terminalia are provided. C1 [Mathis, Wayne N.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Sueyoshi, Masahiro] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Forest Zool Grp, Kyushu Res Ctr, Kumamoto 8600862, Japan. RP Mathis, WN (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 169, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mathisw@si.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 114 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.3897/zookeys.114.1310 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 809XL UT WOS:000294089900003 PM 21976995 ER PT J AU Davis, DR Wagner, DL AF Davis, Donald R. Wagner, David L. TI Biology and systematics of the New World Phyllocnistis Zeller leafminers of the avocado genus Persea (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Biogeography; hypermetamorphosis; genital morphology; larval morphology; pupal morphology; cocoon cutter; serpentine mine; DNA barcodes AB Four New World species of Phyllocnistis Zeller are described from serpentine mines in Persea (Family Lauraceae). Phyllocnistis hyperpersea, new species, mines the upper leaf surfaces of avocado, Persea americana Mill., and red bay, Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng. and ranges over much of the southeastern United States into Central America. Phyllocnistis subpersea, new species, mines the underside and occasionally upper sides of new leaves of Persea borbonia in southeastern United States. Phyllocnistis longipalpa, new species, known only from southern Florida also mines the undersides of new leaves of Persea borbonia. Phyllocnistis perseafolia, new species, mines both leaf surfaces and possibly fruits of Persea americana in Colombia, South America. As in all known species of Phyllocnistis, the early instars are subepidermal sapfeeders in young (not fully hardened) foliage, and the final instar is an extremely specialized, nonfeeding larval form, whose primary function is to spin the silken cocoon, at the mine terminus, prior to pupation. Early stages are illustrated and described for three of the species. The unusual morphology of the pupae, particularly the frontal process of the head, is shown to be one of the most useful morphological sources of diagnostic characters for species identification of Phyllocnistis. COI barcode sequence distances are provided for the four proposed species and a fifth, undescribed species from Costa Rica. C1 [Davis, Donald R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Wagner, David L.] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Davis, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 105, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM davisd@si.edu FU Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute, NSERC; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; National Science Foundation [DEB-9706976, DEB-0072702] FX We wish to thank several individuals who have assisted our work by providing critical information, loans of specimens under their care, or for other special assistance: Francisco Javier Posacia, Laurel, Maryland generously provided specimens of the new species, Phyllocnistis perseafolia, for study as well as images of the leafmines; John Heppner, Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, Florida provided specimens of Phyllocnistis hyperpersea reared from avocado; Jorge Pena, University of Florida, Homestead, Florida provided information on the pest status of certain Phyllocnistis; and Mignon Davis assisted with fieldwork in Florida, in data recording, and curation of reared material. For collecting permits in protected areas of southern Florida and other assistance, we are indebted to Renata Skinner, Jeanne Parks, and staff of the Division of Recreation and Parks, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Key Largo, Florida; Ben Kohl of the Big Cypress National Wildlife Preserve, Ochopee, Florida; and Roger Hammer, formerly of Castellow Hammock Park, Redland, Florida. We thank DRD research assistant Patricia Gentili Poole and illustrators Vichai Malikul and Young Sohn of the Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution for their graphics assistance and line illustrations respectively; the color illustrations were by V. Malawi. P. Gentili Poole and DRD, assisted by Scott Whittaker, manager of the Natural History Museum SEM lab, are responsible for the SEM images. The Hymenoptera parasitoids were identified by Michael Gates of the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Washington, D.C. The DNA barcode sequences were generated at the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario with funding to Paul D.N. Hebert from Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute, NSERC, and the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation. We would also like to acknowledge the support for fieldwork on Lepidoptera leafminers in Costa Rica provided by the ALAS (Arthropods of La Selva) III project (funded by National Science Foundation grants DEB-9706976, DEB-0072702) and co-principal investigator John Longino. We are also grateful for the assistance provided by the parataxonomists at the La Selva Biological Station formerly working on this project, Danilo Brenes, Flor Cascante, Nelci Oconitrillo, Maylin Paniagua, and Ronald Vargas. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 97 BP 39 EP 73 DI 10.3897/zookeys.97.753 PG 35 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 773SF UT WOS:000291329900004 PM 21594066 ER PT J AU Chamorro, ML Konstantinov, AS AF Chamorro, Maria Lourdes Konstantinov, Alexander S. TI Cachiporrini, a remarkable new tribe of Lamprosomatinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from South America SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE New tribe; new genus; new species; antennal clubs; capitulum; leaf beetles; Brazil; phylogeny ID EVOLUTION; LIMITS AB A new genus and species of Lamprosomatinae, Cachiporra extremaglobosa Chamorro & Konstantinov, is described from Brazil. A new tribe, Cachiporrini, is proposed. The first phylogenetic analysis of Lamprosomatinae based on adult morphological caharacters is conducted. Comparisons are made among lamprosomatine tribes and genera. A key to tribes is provided. C1 [Chamorro, Maria Lourdes] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Konstantinov, Alexander S.] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, NMNH, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Chamorro, ML (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC-187, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM lourdes.chamorro@gmail.com FU National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC FX We thank A. L. Norrbom and R. Ochoa (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Washington, DC), and K.D. Prathapan (Department of Entomology, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala, India) for reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript and providing valuable suggestions. We thank Dr. X. Mengual for his generosity and help with software. MLC thanks T. Erwin and the Encyclopedia of Life, Rubenstein fellowship program (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC) for funding and support. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 78 BP 43 EP 59 DI 10.3897/zookeys.78.980 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 754RG UT WOS:000289873800004 PM 21594156 ER PT J AU Mawdsley, JR Erwin, TL Sithole, H Mawdsley, JL Mawdsley, AS AF Mawdsley, Jonathan R. Erwin, Terry L. Sithole, Hendrik Mawdsley, James L. Mawdsley, Alice S. TI The genus Anthia Weber in the Republic of South Africa, Identification, distribution, biogeography, and behavior (Coleoptera, Carabidae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Anthia; Carabidae; taxonomy; identification; savanna; South Africa; Apristis promontorii Peringuey ID BEETLES; CICINDELIDAE; ECOLOGY AB A key is presented for the identification of the four species of Anthia Weber (Coleoptera: Carabidae) recorded from the Republic of South Africa: Anthia cinctipennis Lequien, Anthia circumscripta Klug, Anthia maxillosa (Fabricius), and Anthia thoracica (Thunberg). For each of these species, illustrations are provided of adult beetles of both sexes as well as illustrations of male reproductive structures, morphological redescriptions, discussions of morphological variation, annual activity histograms, and maps of occurrence localities in the Republic of South Africa. Maps of occurrence localities for these species are compared against ecoregional and vegetation maps of southern Africa; each species of Anthia shows a different pattern of occupancy across the suite of ecoregions and vegetation types in the Republic of South Africa. Information about predatory and foraging behaviors, Mullerian mimicry, and small-scale vegetation community associations is presented for A. thoracica based on field and laboratory studies in Kruger National Park, South Africa. C1 [Mawdsley, Jonathan R.; Erwin, Terry L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Sithole, Hendrik] S African Natl Pk, Invertebrates, ZA-8306 Hadison Pk, Kimberley, South Africa. [Mawdsley, James L.; Mawdsley, Alice S.] Cleveland State Univ, Cleveland, OH 44114 USA. RP Mawdsley, JR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, MRC 187,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mawdsley@heinzctr.org NR 50 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 143 BP 47 EP 81 DI 10.3897/zookeys.143.2075 PG 35 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 882VL UT WOS:000299591900004 PM 22144866 ER PT J AU Schindel, DE Stoeckle, MY Milensky, CM Trizna, M Schmidt, BK Gebhard, CA Graves, GR AF Schindel, David E. Stoeckle, Mark Y. Milensky, Chris M. Trizna, Michael Schmidt, Brian K. Gebhard, Christina A. Graves, Gary R. TI Project Description: DNA Barcodes of Bird Species in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, USA SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE DNA barcoding; GenBank; BOLD; genomics AB The Division of Birds, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC, has obtained and released DNA barcodes for 2,808 frozen tissue samples. Of the 1,403 species represented by these samples, 1,147 species have not been barcoded previously. This data release increases the number of bird species with standard barcodes by 91%. These records meet the data standard of the Consortium for the Barcode of Life and they have the reserved keyword BARCODE in GenBank. The data are now available on GenBank and the Barcode of Life Data Systems. C1 [Stoeckle, Mark Y.] Rockefeller Univ, Program Human Environm, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Schindel, David E.; Trizna, Michael] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Consortium Barcode Life, MRC 105, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Milensky, Chris M.; Schmidt, Brian K.; Gebhard, Christina A.; Graves, Gary R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, MRC 116, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Graves, Gary R.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Stoeckle, MY (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Program Human Environm, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM mark.stoeckle@rockefeller.edu RI publist, CMEC/C-3010-2012; publicationpage, cmec/B-4405-2017; OI Trizna, Michael/0000-0002-0537-8382 NR 6 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 152 BP 87 EP 91 DI 10.3897/zookeys.152.2473 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 887ZE UT WOS:000299972800006 PM 22287908 ER PT J AU Penev, L Lyal, CHC Weitzman, A Morse, DR King, D Sautter, G Georgiev, T Morris, RA Catapano, T Agosti, D AF Penev, Lyubomir Lyal, Christopher H. C. Weitzman, Anna Morse, David R. King, David Sautter, Guido Georgiev, Teodor Morris, Robert A. Catapano, Terry Agosti, Donat TI XML schemas and mark-up practices of taxonomic literature SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Review DE mark-up; XML schema; taxonomy; TaxonX; TaxPub; taXMLit ID WORKING EXAMPLES; GENUS; DIPTERA; ZOOKEYS AB We review the three most widely used XML schemas used to mark-up taxonomic texts, TaxonX, TaxPub and taXMLit. These are described from the viewpoint of their development history, current status, implementation, and use cases. The concept of "taxon treatment" from the viewpoint of taxonomy mark-up into XML is discussed. TaxonX and taXM Lit are primarily designed for legacy literature, the former being more lightweight and with a focus on recovery of taxon treatments, the latter providing a much more detailed set of tags to facilitate data extraction and analysis. TaxPub is an extension of the National Library of Medicine Document Type Definition (NLM DTD) for taxonomy focussed on layout and recovery and, as such, is best suited for mark-up of new publications and their archiving in PubMedCentral. All three schemas have their advantages and shortcomings and can be used for different purposes. C1 [Penev, Lyubomir] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Penev, Lyubomir; Georgiev, Teodor] Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Lyal, Christopher H. C.] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [Weitzman, Anna] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Weitzman, Anna] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Sautter, Guido] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IPD Bohm, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Sautter, Guido; Catapano, Terry; Agosti, Donat] Plazi, Bern, Switzerland. [Morris, Robert A.] Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Morris, Robert A.] Harvard Univ Herbaria, Boston, MA USA. RP Penev, L (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Sofia, Bulgaria. EM info@pensoft.net OI Catapano, Terry/0000-0002-6857-0021; Georgiev, Teodor/0000-0001-8558-6845; Lyal, Christopher/0000-0003-3647-6222 FU ViBRANT (Virtual Biodiversity Research and Access Network for Taxonomy) FX The current work is funded in part by the ViBRANT (Virtual Biodiversity Research and Access Network for Taxonomy, http://vbrant.eu) FP7 project. We also thank all the numerous colleagues who helped in the establishment of the schemas in one way or another, mostly by comments, testing or providing working examples. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 150 SI SI BP 89 EP 116 DI 10.3897/zookeys.150.2213 PG 28 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 882VV UT WOS:000299592900006 PM 22207808 ER PT J AU Shih, CK Yang, XG Labandeira, CC Ren, D AF Shih, ChungKun Yang, Xiaoguang Labandeira, Conrad C. Ren, Dong TI A new long-proboscid genus of Pseudopolycentropodidae (Mecoptera) from the Middle Jurassic of China and its plant-host specializations SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Pseudopolycentropodidae; fossil scorpionfly; new taxon; Jiulongshan Formation; proboscis; insect-plant associations; gymnosperms ID SCORPIONFLIES; ANGIOSPERMS; POLLINATION; INSECTS AB We describe a new genus and species of Mecoptera with siphonate mouthparts, Sinopolycentropus rasnitsyni gen. et sp. n., assigned to the family Pseudopolycentropodidae Handlirsch, 1925. The specimen was collected from late Middle Jurassic nonmarine strata of the Jiulongshan Formation in Inner Mongolia, northeastern China. The new material provides additional evidence for an early diversification of pseudopolycentropodids that was ongoing during the Middle Jurassic. This diversity also adds to the variety of known pseudopolycentropodids with tubular proboscides that apparently fed on ovulate fluids produced by Mesozoic gymnosperms. C1 [Shih, ChungKun; Yang, Xiaoguang; Labandeira, Conrad C.; Ren, Dong] Capital Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China. [Labandeira, Conrad C.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Labandeira, Conrad C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Labandeira, Conrad C.] Univ Maryland, BEES Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ren, D (reprint author), Capital Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China. EM rendong@mail.cnu.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31071964, 40872022]; Beijing Natural Science Foundation [5082002] FX We appreciate valuable comments and suggestion by Dmitry Shcherbakov, Alexey Bashkuev, and an anonymous reviewer. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 31071964 and 40872022, Beijing Natural Science Foundation Program grant 5082002, and the Key Project of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education. Thanks are extended to Finnegan Marsh for producing Figure 2. This is contribution 151 of the Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems Consortium at the National Museum of Natural History, in Washington, D.C. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 130 SI SI BP 281 EP 297 DI 10.3897/zookeys.130.1641 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 831XE UT WOS:000295763600021 PM 22259283 ER PT J AU Erwin, TL Ball, GE AF Erwin, Terry L. Ball, George E. TI Badister Clairville, 1806:A new species and new continental record for the nominate subgenus in Amazonian Peru (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Licinini) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Honoring the Careers of Ross and Joyce Bell and their Contributions to Scientific Work CY JUN 12-15, 2010 CL Burlington, VT DE Taxonomy; classification; Licinina; Baudia Ragusa 1884; species key; Neotropical Region; Varzea; Igapo ID EVOLUTION AB Badister (Badister) amazonus sp. n. is described from Peru, Loreto, 1.0 km SW Boca del Rio Samiria, Vigilante Post 1, 130m, "04 degrees 40.5'S, 074 degrees 18.9'W" its type locality. It is known also from two other localities in Loreto Department, Peru, in both the Varzea and Igapo river systems. This new species is sufficiently different that a new informal higher taxon, the amazonus species complex, is recognized. An updated key to the Western Hemisphere species of subgenus Badister is provided. C1 [Erwin, Terry L.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Hyper Divers Grp, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Ball, George E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Erwin, TL (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Hyper Divers Grp, MRC-187,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM erwint@si.edu NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 147 SI SI BP 399 EP 417 DI 10.3897/zookeys.147.2117 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 882VQ UT WOS:000299592400014 PM 22371669 ER PT J AU Maveety, SA Browne, RA Erwin, TL AF Maveety, Sarah A. Browne, Robert A. Erwin, Terry L. TI Carabidae diversity along an altitudinal gradient in a Peruvian cloud forest (Coleoptera) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Honoring the Careers of Ross and Joyce Bell and their Contributions to Scientific Work CY JUN 12-15, 2010 CL Burlington, VT DE Ground beetles; tropical montane forests; Neotropics; pitfall traps; Andes ID GROUND BEETLES COLEOPTERA; RAIN-FOREST; TROPICAL MOUNTAIN; SPECIES RICHNESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGES; POPULATIONS; INVENTORIES; ABUNDANCE AB Carabid beetles were sampled at five sites, ranging from 1500 m to 3400 m, along a 15 km transect in the cloud forest of Manu National Park, Peril. Seasonal collections during a one year period yielded 77 morphospecies, of which 60% are projected to be undescribed species. There was a significant negative correlation between species richness and altitude, with the number of carabid species declining at the rate of one species for each 100 m increase in altitude. The majority of species (70.1 %) were restricted to only one altitudinal site and no species was found at more than three of the five altitudinal sites. Only one genus, Pelmatellus (Tribe Harpalini), was found at all five sites. Active (hand) collections yielded approximately twice as many species per individuals collected than passive (pitfall trap) collections. This study is the first systematic sampling of carabid beetles of a high altitude gradient in the cloud forests of southeastern Peru and supports the need to conserve the zone of extremely high biodiversity present on the eastern slopes of the Peruvian Andes. C1 [Maveety, Sarah A.; Browne, Robert A.] Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Maveety, Sarah A.; Erwin, Terry L.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Maveety, SA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM mavesa3@wfu.edu NR 50 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 23 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 147 SI SI BP 651 EP 666 DI 10.3897/zookeys.147.2047 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 882VQ UT WOS:000299592400027 PM 22371680 ER PT J AU Su, YC Chang, YH Smith, D Zhu, MS Kuntner, M Tso, IM AF Su, Yong-Chao Chang, Yung-Hau Smith, Deborah Zhu, Ming-Sheng Kuntner, Matjaz Tso, I-Min TI Biogeography and Speciation Patterns of the Golden Orb Spider Genus Nephila (Araneae: Nephilidae) in Asia SO ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Nephilinae; SE Asia; West Pacific; molecular phylogeny ID EVOLUTIONARY PATTERNS; PHYLOGENY; TETRAGNATHIDAE; SYSTEMATICS; PRIMERS; ARANEOIDEA; FENESTRATA; SEQUENCES; BEHAVIOR; PILIPES AB The molecular phylogeny of the globally distributed golden orb spider genus Nephila (Nephilidae) was reconstructed to infer its speciation history, with a focus on SE Asian/W Pacific species. Five Asian, two Australian, four African, and one American species were included in the phylogenetic analyses. Other species in Nephilidae, Araneidae, and Tetragnathidae were included to assess their relationships with the genus Nephila, and one species from Uloboridae was used as the outgroup. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed from one nuclear (18S) and two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) markers. Our molecular phylogeny shows that the widely distributed Asian/Australian species, N. pilipes, and an African species, N. constricta, form a clade that is sister to all other Nephila species. Nested in this Nephila clade are one clade with tropical and subtropical/temperate Asian/Australian species, and the other containing African and American species. The estimated divergence times suggest that diversification events within Nephila occurred during mid-Miocene to Pliocene (16 Mya-2 Mya), and these time periods were characterized by cyclic global warming/cooling events. According to Dispersal and Vicariance Analysis (DIVA), the ancestral range of the Asian/Australian clade was tropical Asia, and the ancestral range of the genus Nephila was either tropical Asia or Africa. We conclude that the speciation of the Asian/Australian Nephila species was driven by Neogene global cyclic climate changes. However, further population level studies comparing diversification patterns of sister species are needed to determine the mode of speciation of these species. C1 [Chang, Yung-Hau; Tso, I-Min] Tunghai Univ, Dept Life Sci, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. [Su, Yong-Chao; Smith, Deborah] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Zhu, Ming-Sheng] Hebei Univ, Coll Life Sci, Baoding 071002, Hebei, Peoples R China. [Kuntner, Matjaz] Slovenian Acad Sci & Arts, Ctr Sci Res, Inst Biol, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Kuntner, Matjaz] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Tso, IM (reprint author), Tunghai Univ, Dept Life Sci, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. EM spider@thu.edu.tw FU Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan; National Science Council, Taiwan [NSC 97-2311-B-029-002-MY3, NSC 96-2628-B-029-001-MY3]; Slovenian Research Agency; EU FX We thank W. H. Chou, J. Chen, A. S. Dippenaar-Schoeman, M. E. Herberstein, D. Li, H. Ono, X. J. Peng, D. de Bakker, and H. Smith for providing Nephila specimens. We appreciate the helpful comments from Dr. Daphne G. Fautin. Special thanks are given to all the members of the Behavioral Ecology Laboratory, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan for assistance in logistics, field collection, molecular techniques, and genetic data analysis. This study was supported by grants from the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan and grants from National Science Council, Taiwan (NSC 97-2311-B-029-002-MY3, NSC 96-2628-B-029-001-MY3) to I. M. Tso, and in part by the Slovenian Research Agency and the EU Marie Curie grants to M. Kuntner. NR 63 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 26 PU ZOOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA HONGO MT BUILDING 4F, HONGO 7-2-2, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 0289-0003 J9 ZOOL SCI JI Zool. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 28 IS 1 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.2108/zsj.28.47 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 696ST UT WOS:000285462400008 PM 21186947 ER PT J AU Gingerich, O AF Gingerich, Owen TI GALILEO SO NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Gingerich, Owen] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gingerich, O (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK TIMES PI NEW YORK PA 620 8TH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10018 USA SN 0028-7806 J9 NY TIMES BK REV JI N. Y. Times Book Rev. PD DEC 26 PY 2010 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 698BZ UT WOS:000285567800022 ER PT J AU Gingerich, O AF Gingerich, Owen TI GALILEO Watcher of the Skies SO NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Gingerich, Owen] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gingerich, O (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK TIMES PI NEW YORK PA 620 8TH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10018 USA SN 0028-7806 J9 NY TIMES BK REV JI N. Y. Times Book Rev. PD DEC 26 PY 2010 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 698BZ UT WOS:000285567800021 ER PT J AU Narita, N Hirano, T Sanchis-Ojeda, R Winn, JN Holman, MJ Sato, B Aoki, W Tamura, M AF Narita, Norio Hirano, Teruyuki Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto Winn, Joshua N. Holman, Matthew J. Sato, Bun'ei Aoki, Wako Tamura, Motohide TI The Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect of the Transiting Exoplanet XO-4b SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE stars: planetary systems: individual (XO-4); stars: rotation; techniques: photometric; techniques: radial velocities; techniques: spectroscopic ID SPIN-ORBIT MISALIGNMENT; EXTRASOLAR PLANETARY SYSTEMS; HD 80606B; KOZAI MECHANISM; HOT JUPITERS; VELOCITY; RETROGRADE; BINARY; COMPANIONS; PHOTOMETRY AB We report photometric and radial velocity observations of the XO-4 transiting planetary system, conducted with the FLWO 1.2 m telescope and the 8.2 m Subaru Telescope. Based on the new light curves, the refined transit ephemeris of XO-4b is P = 4.1250828 +/- 0.0000040d and T-c [BJD(TDB)] = 2454485.93323 +/- 0.00039. We measured the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect of XO-4b and estimated the sky-projected angle between the stellar spin axis and the planetary orbital axis to be lambda = -46.degrees 7 (+8.degrees 1)(-6.degrees 1). This measurement of lambda is less robust than in some other cases because the impact parameter of the transit is small, causing a strong degeneracy between lambda and the projected stellar rotational velocity. Nevertheless, our finding of a spin orbit misalignment suggests that the migration process for XO-4b involved few-body dynamics rather than interaction with a gaseous disk. In addition, our result conforms with the pattern reported by Winn et al. (2010, ApJ, 718, L145) that high obliquities are preferentially found for stars with effective temperatures hotter than 6250 K. C1 [Narita, Norio; Aoki, Wako; Tamura, Motohide] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Hirano, Teruyuki] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Hirano, Teruyuki; Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto; Winn, Joshua N.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hirano, Teruyuki; Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto; Winn, Joshua N.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Holman, Matthew J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sato, Bun'ei] Tokyo Inst Technol, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan. RP Narita, N (reprint author), Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. EM norio.narita@naa.ac.jp RI Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto/B-6574-2013 OI Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto/0000-0002-6193-972X FU Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) [PD: 20-8141, DCl: 22-5935]; Caja de Ahorros y Pensiones de Barcelona; NASA [NNX09AD36G, NNX09AB33G, NCC2-1390]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [22000005] FX This letter is based on data collected at Subaru Telescope, which is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. We acknowledge the support for our Subaru HDS observations by Akito Tajitsu, a support scientist for the Subaru HDS. The data analysis was in part carried out on common use data analysis computer system at the Astronomy Data Center, ADC, of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. N.N. and T.H. are supported by a Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) Fellowship for Research (PD: 20-8141, DCl: 22-5935). R.S. is funded by Caja de Ahorros y Pensiones de Barcelona, "la Caixa", under the Fellowship Program to extend graduate studies in the United States. We gratefully acknowledge support from the NASA Origins program through award NNX09AD36G (to J.N.W.) and NNX09AB33G (to M.J.H. and J.N.W.), as well as the MIT Class of 1942. KeplerCam was developed with partial support from the Kepler mission under NASA Cooperative Agreement NCC2-1390 (PI: D. Latham). M.T. is supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research, 22000005. We wish to acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous people in Hawaii. NR 45 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD DEC 25 PY 2010 VL 62 IS 6 BP L61 EP L65 DI 10.1093/pasj/62.6.L61 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 708KG UT WOS:000286360100003 ER PT J AU Olson, SL Hearty, PJ AF Olson, Storrs L. Hearty, Paul J. TI Predation as the primary selective force in recurrent evolution of gigantism in Poecilozonites land snails in Quaternary Bermuda SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE anagenesis; biogeography; extinction; Hesperotestudo; island area; sea-level cycles ID PLEISTOCENE; RALLIDAE; AVES AB During the last half million years, pulses of gigantism in the anagenetic lineage of land snails of the subgenus Poecilozonites on Bermuda were correlated with glacial periods when lower sea level resulted in an island nearly an order of magnitude larger than at present. During those periods, the island was colonized by large vertebrate predators that created selection pressure for large size and rapid growth in the snails. Extreme reduction in land area from rising seas, along with changes in ecological conditions at the onset of interglacial episodes, marked extinction events for large predators, after which snails reverted to much smaller size. The giant snails were identical in morphology during the last two glacials when the predators included a large flightless rail Rallus recessus (marine isotope stages (MIS) 4-2) and a crane Grus latipes and a duck Anas pachysceles (MIS 6). In a preceding glacial period (MIS 10), when the fauna also included the tortoise Hesperotestudo bermudae, the snails were not only large, but the shells were much thicker, presumably to prevent crushing by tortoises. Evolution of Poecilozonites provides an outstanding example of dramatic morphological change in response to environmental pressures in the absence of cladogenesis. C1 [Olson, Storrs L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Hearty, Paul J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Studies, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NHB MRC 116,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM olsons@si.edu FU Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo (BAMZ) [141] FX We thank Wolfgang Sterrer and Lisa Green, Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo (BAMZ) for supporting our research and David B. Wingate and Frederick V. Grady for assistance in the field. Rudiger Bieler, Joachim Gerber, Gustav Paulay, Gary Rosenberg and Geraat Vermeij commented on various drafts. Brian K. Schmidt assisted with graphics preparation. Louise Roth suggested useful references. This is contribution no. 141 of the Bermuda Biodiversity Project of the BAMZ. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD DEC 23 PY 2010 VL 6 IS 6 BP 807 EP 810 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0423 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 678TO UT WOS:000284104000024 PM 20554560 ER PT J AU Gingerich, O AF Gingerich, Owen TI Brian Marsden (1937-2010) OBITUARY SO NATURE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gingerich, O (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ginger@cfa.harvard.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 23 PY 2010 VL 468 IS 7327 BP 1042 EP 1042 DI 10.1038/4681042a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 697XT UT WOS:000285553800042 PM 21179155 ER PT J AU Rudjakov, JA Kornicker, LS AF Rudjakov, Jury A. Kornicker, Louis S. TI Review of species and species groups of the genus Cypridinodes (Crustacea Ostracoda Myodocopa Cypridinidae: Cypridininae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB The ostracode genus Cypridinodes Brady, 1902 is reviewed, including reported ontogenetic changes, intraspecific variation and a generic diagnosis Taxonomic notes on 20 described species are provided along with a discussion of systematic problems, particularly the inadequate description of some species, including the type of the genus To facilitate identification of the 18 species, they are divided into four clusters C1 [Rudjakov, Jury A.] Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kornicker, Louis S.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Rudjakov, JA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Dept Invertebrate Zool, 26 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 123 IS 4 BP 274 EP 288 DI 10.2988/09-31.1 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 703CJ UT WOS:000285951400003 ER PT J AU Dauser, T Wilms, J Reynolds, CS Brenneman, LW AF Dauser, T. Wilms, J. Reynolds, C. S. Brenneman, L. W. TI Broad emission lines for a negatively spinning black hole SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; line: profiles; galaxies: active; galaxies: nuclei ID X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; K-ALPHA EMISSION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ACCRETION DISK; GX 339-4; STRONG GRAVITY; GRS 1915+105; IRON LINES; MASS; EVOLUTION AB We present an extended scheme for the calculation of the profiles of emission lines from accretion discs around rotating black holes. The scheme includes discs with angular momenta which are parallel and antiparallel with respect to the black hole's angular momentum, as both configurations are assumed to be stable. We discuss line shapes for such discs and present a code for modelling observational data with this scheme in X-ray data analysis programs. Based on a Green's function approach, an arbitrary radius dependence of the disc emissivity and arbitrary limb-darkening laws can be easily taken into account, while the amount of pre-computed data is significantly reduced with respect to other available models. C1 [Dauser, T.; Wilms, J.] Dr Karl Remeis Observ, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Dauser, T.; Wilms, J.] Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Reynolds, C. S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Reynolds, C. S.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Astron Ctr Theory & Computat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brenneman, L. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dauser, T (reprint author), Dr Karl Remeis Observ, Sternwartstr 7, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. EM thomas.dauser@sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de RI Wilms, Joern/C-8116-2013 OI Wilms, Joern/0000-0003-2065-5410 FU European Commission [ITN 215212] FX We acknowledge partial support from the European Commission under contract ITN 215212 'Black Hole Universe'. We thank John Davis for the development of the SLXFIG module used to prepare the figures in this paper and Manfred Hanke and Roland Speith for useful comments. We thank the referee for insightful comments that significantly improved the paper. NR 54 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 409 IS 4 BP 1534 EP 1540 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17393.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 689XI UT WOS:000284963800018 ER PT J AU Scholz, A Wood, K Wilner, D Jayawardhana, R Delorme, P Garatti, ACO Ivanov, VD Saviane, I Whitney, B AF Scholz, A. Wood, K. Wilner, D. Jayawardhana, R. Delorme, P. Garatti, A. Caratti O. Ivanov, V. D. Saviane, I. Whitney, B. TI A multiwavelength view of the protostellar binary IRAS 04325+2402: a case for turbulent fragmentation SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars: formation; stars: low-mass; stars: pre-main-sequence; stars: protostars ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; T-TAURI STARS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; AURIGA MOLECULAR CLOUD; HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; LOW-MASS STARS; 2-DIMENSIONAL RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SPITZER-IRS SPECTRA; EDGE-ON DISK; INTERSTELLAR DUST AB IRAS 04325+2402 (hereinafter IRAS 04325) is a complex protostellar system hosting two young stellar objects (AB and C) at a separation of 1250 au. Here, we present a new deep Gemini imaging and spectroscopy for the system covering the wavelength regime from 1 to 12 mu m as well as Submillimeter Array interferometry at 870 mu m, in combination with Spitzer and literature data. Based on this rich data set, we provide a comprehensive picture of IRAS 04325 over scales from a few au to several parsec. Object AB is a low-mass star with a disc/envelope system and an outflow cavity, which is prominently seen in infrared images. Object C, previously suspected to be a brown dwarf, is likely a very low mass star, with an effective temperature of similar to 3400 K. It features an edge-on disc and an elongated envelope, and shows strong indications for accretion and ejection activities. Both objects are likely to drive parsec-scale molecular outflows. The two objects are embedded in an isolated, dense molecular cloud core. High extinction, lack of X-ray emission, and relatively high bolometric luminosity argue for a very young age below 1 Myr. The disc/outflow systems of objects AB and C are misaligned by similar to 60 degrees against each other and by 80 degrees and 40 degrees against the orbital plane of the binary. The system might be a good case for primordial misalignment, as opposed to misalignment caused by dynamical interactions, because the outflow direction is constant and the realignment time-scale is likely larger than the system age. This favours turbulent fragmentation, rather than rotational fragmentation, as the formation scenario. We show that the spectral energy distributions and images for the two objects can be reproduced with radiative transfer models for disc/envelope systems. Our analysis provides reassurance in the established paradigm for the structure and early evolution of young stellar objects, but stresses the importance of developing three-dimensional models with sophisticated dust chemistry. C1 [Scholz, A.; Garatti, A. Caratti O.] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Sch Cosm Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Scholz, A.; Wood, K.; Delorme, P.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Wilner, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jayawardhana, R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Ivanov, V. D.; Saviane, I.] European So Observ, Santiago 19001, Chile. [Whitney, B.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Scholz, A (reprint author), Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Sch Cosm Phys, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM aleks@cp.dias.ie RI Caratti o Garatti, Alessio/D-1537-2012; OI Scholz, Aleks/0000-0001-8993-5053; Ivanov, Valentin/0000-0002-5963-1283; Caratti o Garatti, Alessio/0000-0001-8876-6614 FU Scottish Universities of Physics Alliance SUPA [APA1-AS110X]; Science Foundation Ireland [07/RFP/PHYF790] FX We thank Ian Bonnell for instructive discussions related to subjects discussed in this paper and Dirk Froebrich for pointing us to the publicly available H2 images for this region. We received the IRS spectrum from Elise Furlan, who also gave helpful comments on an early version of this paper. Her help is greatly appreciated. The careful and constructive review by the anonymous referee helped to improve this paper significantly. AS would like to acknowledge financial support from the Scottish Universities of Physics Alliance SUPA under travel grant APA1-AS110X. ACoG acknowledges financial support from the Science Foundation Ireland, grant 07/RFP/PHYF790. NR 89 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 409 IS 4 BP 1557 EP 1569 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17397.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 689XI UT WOS:000284963800020 ER PT J AU Bietenholz, MF Bartel, N Milisavljevic, D Fesen, RA Challis, P Kirshner, RP AF Bietenholz, M. F. Bartel, N. Milisavljevic, D. Fesen, R. A. Challis, P. Kirshner, R. P. TI The first VLBI image of the young, oxygen-rich supernova remnant in NGC 4449 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE supernovae: general; ISM: supernova remnants ID NOVA REMNANT; SN 1987A; STARBURST GALAXY; VLA OBSERVATIONS; RADIO-EMISSION; X-RAY; NGC-4449; RESOLUTION; EVOLUTION; SHELL AB We report on sensitive 1.4-GHz VLBI radio observations of the unusually luminous supernova remnant SNR 4449-1 in the galaxy NGC 4449, which gave us the first well-resolved image of this object. The remnant's radio morphology consists of two approximately parallel bright ridges, suggesting similarities to the barrel shape seen for many older Galactic supernova remnants or possibly to SN 1987A. The angular extent of the remnant is 65 x 40 mas, corresponding to (3.7 x 2.3) x 1018 (D/3.8 Mpc) cm. We also present a new, high signal-to-noise ratio optical spectrum. By comparing the remnant's linear size to the maximum velocities measured from optical lines, as well as using constraints from historical images, we conclude that the supernova explosion occurred between similar to 1905 and 1961, likely around 1940. The age of the remnant is therefore likely similar to 70 yr. We find that SNR 4449-1's shock wave is likely still interacting with the circumstellar rather than interstellar medium. C1 [Bietenholz, M. F.; Bartel, N.] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Bietenholz, M. F.] Hartebeesthoek Radio Observ, ZA-1740 Krugersdrop, South Africa. [Milisavljevic, D.; Fesen, R. A.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6127, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Challis, P.; Kirshner, R. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bietenholz, MF (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. EM mbieten@yorku.ca FU NSF [AST09-07903]; NSERC FX The optical observations reported here were obtained at the MMT Observatory, a joint facility of the Smithsonian Institution and the University of Arizona. Supernova studies at the Harvard College Observatory are supported by NSF grant AST09-07903, and at York University by NSERC. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 409 IS 4 BP 1594 EP 1600 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17402.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 689XI UT WOS:000284963800024 ER PT J AU Jelic, V Zaroubi, S Labropoulos, P Bernardi, G de Bruyn, AG Koopmans, LVE AF Jelic, Vibor Zaroubi, Saleem Labropoulos, Panagiotis Bernardi, Gianni de Bruyn, A. G. Koopmans, Leon V. E. TI Realistic simulations of the Galactic polarized foreground: consequences for 21-cm reionization detection experiments SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE polarization; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; instrumentation: interferometers; cosmology: observations; radio continuum: general ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; SYNCHROTRON EMISSION; RADIO-EMISSION; SPECTRAL INDEX; IONIZED-GAS; GAMMA-RAYS; MILKY-WAY; 150 MHZ; EPOCH AB Experiments designed to measure the redshifted 21-cm line from the epoch of reionization (EoR) are challenged by strong astrophysical foreground contamination, ionospheric distortions, complex instrumental response and other different types of noise (e.g. radio frequency interference). The astrophysical foregrounds are dominated by diffuse synchrotron emission from our Galaxy. Here we present a simulation of the Galactic emission used as a foreground module for the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR)-EoR key science project end-to-end simulations. The simulation produces total and polarized intensity over 10 degrees x 10 degrees maps of the Galactic synchrotron and free-free emission, including all observed characteristics of the emission: spatial fluctuations of amplitude and spectral index of the synchrotron emission, together with Faraday rotation effects. The importance of these simulations arises from the fact that the Galactic polarized emission could behave in a manner similar to the EoR signal along the frequency direction. As a consequence, an improper instrumental calibration will give rise to leakages of the polarized to the total signal and mask the desired EoR signal. In this paper, we address this for the first time through realistic simulations. C1 [Jelic, Vibor; Zaroubi, Saleem; Labropoulos, Panagiotis; de Bruyn, A. G.; Koopmans, Leon V. E.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Jelic, Vibor; de Bruyn, A. G.] ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Bernardi, Gianni] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Jelic, V (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, POB 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. EM vjelic@astro.rug.nl RI Jelic, Vibor/B-2938-2014 OI Jelic, Vibor/0000-0002-6034-8610 FU European Union; European Regional Development Fund; 'Samenwerkingsverband Noord-Nederland', EZ/KOMPAS FX We acknowledge discussion with the LOFAR-EoR key project members. We are also thankful to the anonymous referee for his illustrative and constructive comments. As LOFAR members, authors are partly funded by the European Union, European Regional Development Fund and by 'Samenwerkingsverband Noord-Nederland', EZ/KOMPAS. NR 61 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 409 IS 4 BP 1647 EP 1659 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17407.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 689XI UT WOS:000284963800030 ER PT J AU Sakamoto, K Aalto, S Evans, AS Wiedner, MC Wilner, DJ AF Sakamoto, Kazushi Aalto, Susanne Evans, Aaron S. Wiedner, Martina C. Wilner, David J. TI VIBRATIONALLY EXCITED HCN IN THE LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXY NGC 4418 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: individual (NGC 4418); galaxies: ISM ID VIB-ROTATIONAL TRANSITIONS; EINSTEIN A-COEFFICIENTS; MOLECULAR GAS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; STAR-FORMATION; DUST; EXCITATION; NGC-4418; HCO+; CO AB Infrared pumping and its effect on the excitation of HCN molecules can be important when using rotational lines of HCN to probe dense molecular gas in galaxy nuclei. We report the first extragalactic detection of (sub)millimeter rotational lines of vibrationally excited HCN, in the dust-enshrouded nucleus of the luminous infrared galaxy NGC 4418. We estimate the excitation temperature of T-vib approximate to 230 K between the vibrational ground and excited (v(2) = 1) states. This excitation is most likely due to infrared radiation. At this high vibrational temperature the path through the v(2) = 1 state must have a strong impact on the rotational excitation in the vibrational ground level, although it may not be dominant for all rotational levels. Our observations also revealed nearly confusion-limited lines of CO, HCN, HCO+, (HCN)-C-13, (HCN)-N-15, CS, N2H+, and HC3N at lambda similar to 1 mm. Their relative intensities may also be affected by the infrared pumping. C1 [Sakamoto, Kazushi] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Aalto, Susanne] Onsala Space Observ, S-43900 Onsala, Sweden. [Evans, Aaron S.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Evans, Aaron S.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Wiedner, Martina C.] Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Wilner, David J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Sakamoto, K (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. EM ksakamoto@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw FU National Science Council of Taiwan [99-2112-M-001-011-MY3]; Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica FX We thank Daniel Espada for the CO(2-1) spectrum, Mark Gurwell for advice on flux calibration, the SMA operation team for the service observations, and the referee for helpful comments. This research extensively used the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database, NASA's Astrophysics Data System, the Cologne Database of Molecular Spectroscopy, and the Splatalogue database. This work was supported by the grant 99-2112-M-001-011-MY3 from the National Science Council of Taiwan.; The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. NR 36 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2010 VL 725 IS 2 BP L228 EP L233 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/725/2/L228 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 691AD UT WOS:000285051400025 ER PT J AU Cahill, JTS Lucey, PG Stockstill-Cahill, KR Hawke, BR AF Cahill, J. T. S. Lucey, P. G. Stockstill-Cahill, K. R. Hawke, B. R. TI Radiative transfer modeling of near-infrared reflectance of lunar highland and mare soils SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL-IMAGING PETROGRAPHY; PYROXENE MIXTURES; FINEST FRACTION; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; MOON; RAY; ABUNDANCES; OLIVINE; SURFACE AB With near-infrared hyperspectral data sets returned from KAGUYA/SELENE and Chandrayaan-1's Moon Mineralogic Mapper (M(3)), accurate evaluation and interpretation of lunar data sets with higher spectral resolution has never been more critical. Here we test a new radiative transfer spectral modeling algorithm to determine composition from hyperspectral reflectance spectra of lunar soils. Data for 19 lunar mare and highland soil samples previously characterized by the Lunar Soil Characterization Consortium are used for validation. Spectral fits are made using a goodness of fit metric considering spectral shape, spectral contrast, spectral slope, and iron abundance. High precision fits are achieved for nearly every soil with this algorithm. Using a plot of spectral shape relative to the ratio Mg' (i.e., molar (Mg/(Mg + Fe)) x 100) determines the winning model and composition. Mg' is determined with an average difference of similar to 11-15 and similar to 3-8 units before and after a correction is applied, respectively. Mineralogy is determined with an average difference of similar to 5-15 vol% depending upon the mineral constituent. C1 [Cahill, J. T. S.; Lucey, P. G.; Stockstill-Cahill, K. R.; Hawke, B. R.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Stockstill-Cahill, K. R.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Cahill, JTS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM joshua.cahill@jhuapl.edu RI Cahill, Joshua/I-3656-2012 OI Cahill, Joshua/0000-0001-6874-5533 FU NASA [NNG05GJ51G, NNX08AL53G] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the constructive and candid reviews of Brett Denevi and Peter Isaacson. This research utilizes spectra acquired by C. M. Pieters with the NASA RELAB facility at Brown University. This work was supported in part by NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics grant NNG05GJ51G to P. G. Lucey and NNX08AL53G to D. T. Blewett. This is HIGP publication 1873 and SOEST publication 8054. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 18 PY 2010 VL 115 AR E12013 DI 10.1029/2009JE003500 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 696UI UT WOS:000285466500001 ER PT J AU Lumbantobing, DN AF Lumbantobing, Daniel N. TI Four New Species of the Rasbora trifasciata-Group (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Northwestern Sumatra, Indonesia SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN SUMATRA; FISHES; SISORIDAE; CATFISH AB Four new cyprinid species of the Rasbora trifasciata-group, Rasbora api, R. nodulosa, R. kluetensis, and R. truncata, are described from northwestern Sumatra, Indonesia. Rasbora api is distinguished from its congeners in the R. trifasciata-group by an anteriorly tapering black midlateral stripe extending posteriorly along the flank from the first lateral-line scale system and terminating at a slightly wider black basicaudal spot on the caudal-fin base, and stout conical cephalic tubercles with basal portion bearing microgranules (Type A tubercles). Rasbora nodulosa is distinguished from its congeners in the species group by having nodular and smaller cephalic tubercles (Type D tubercles). Rasbora kluetensis is distinguished from its congeners in the species group by the conical cephalic tubercles with a somewhat protruded base bearing microridges (Type E tubercles). Rasbora truncata differs from its congeners in the species group by a combination of meristic, pigmentary, and tuberculation features, and details of the lateral line system. Other members of the R. trifasciata-group in the region, Rasbora meinkeni and R. tobana, are redescribed. Rasbora tobana is resurrected. Three new areas of endemism in northwestern Sumatra are proposed based on the distributions of three new endemic species: the Tripa District represented by R. nodulosa, the Kluet District represented by R. kluetensis, and the Alas District represented by R. truncata. C1 [Lumbantobing, Daniel N.] George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Lumbantobing, Daniel N.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Fishes, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lumbantobing, DN (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 2023 G St NW,Lisner Hall 340, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM dntobing@gwmail.gwu.edu FU Division of Fishes, USNM FX This project represents a portion of my doctoral dissertation at the Department of Biological Sciences, the George Washington University. I express my gratitude to L. Parenti (USNM) for providing instruction in fish osteology and systematics, and to J. Burns (GWU) for providing instruction in fish histology. I thank both very much for their support and guidance throughout this project and for critically reviewing the manuscript. thank R. Vari (USNM) for his help in improving the manuscript. I am grateful to R. Hadiaty (MZB) for her assistance in the field and for facilitating the permits of specimen exportation. I gratefully acknowledge the following at USNM for their invaluable assistance: J. Clayton, J. Williams, K. Murphy, J. Finan, S. Raredon (photographs and radiographs), S. Whittaker (SEM analyses), and D. Cole (maps). For the loan of specimens and information, I am indebted to B. Brown (AMNH), M. Sabaj (ANSP), P. Campbell and O. Crimmen (BMNH), M. Kottelat (CMK), A. Tjakrawidjaja (MZB), M. van Oijen and R. de Ruiter (RMNH), R. Vonk and H. Praagman (ZMA), H. Tan and K. Lim (ZRC). For fieldwork assistance, I thank D. Rudaya, N. Ray, D. Syahril, and V. Simanjuntak. The 2006 ichthyofaunal survey in Northern Sumatra was supported financially by the Leonard P. Schultz Fund, Division of Fishes, USNM. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 17 PY 2010 IS 4 BP 644 EP 670 DI 10.1643/CI-09-155 PG 27 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 700KX UT WOS:000285738800014 ER PT J AU Ferraris, CJ Skelton, P Vari, RP AF Ferraris, Carl J., Jr. Skelton, Paul Vari, Richard P. TI Species of the Doumea chappuisi Complex (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae) with the Descriptions of New Species from the Upper Sanaga River and Nyong River Basins SO COPEIA LA English DT Article AB The Doumea chappuisi complex within the catfish family Amphillidae is diagnosed on the form of the dorsolateral and ventrolateral processes of the vertebrae along the posterior portion of the body. Three species are recognized in the complex: Doumea chappuisi of the West African coastal river basins in Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Cote d'Ivoire, and Liberia; D. reidi, new species, described herein from a portion of the upper Sanaga River in Nigeria; and D. stilicauda, new species, described herein from the Nyong River basin in Cameroon. Members of the complex are distinguished from each other on the basis of the overall body form, the caudal-peduncle length, the predorsal length, the head length, the degree of development of the pelvic fin in larger specimens, the anterior extent of the exposed vertebral processes along the ventral surface of the body, and details of the pigmentation pattern of the unbranched rays of the pectoral and pelvic fins. C1 [Vari, Richard P.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Fishes, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Skelton, Paul] S African Inst Aquat Biodivers, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. RP Vari, RP (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Fishes, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,WG 14,MRC 159, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM carlferraris@comcast.net; p.skelton@saiab.ac.za; varir@si.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0315963] FX Support for this project to CJF was provided by the All Catfish Species Inventory, a program funded by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0315963); to PHS by M. Stiassny for support of visits to AMNH to investigate the amphiliids of West-Central Africa; and to RPV by the Herbert R. and Evelyn Axelrod Chair in Systematic Ichthyology, in the Division of Fishes, National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution. R. Brummett, World Fish Centre, Yaounde, Cameroon, generously made available the specimens that served as the basis for the description of Doumea stilicauda and hosted PHS at the holotype locality. We thank M. Rogers (FMNH), P. Pruvost (MNHN), and J. Snoeks (MRAC) for the loan of specimens. S. Raredon (USNM) provided radiographs of specimens and other assistance during the study. Figures 1, 3, and 4 were prepared by T. Griswold; Figure 2 was prepared by W. Coetzer (SAIAB). NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 17 PY 2010 IS 4 BP 705 EP 715 DI 10.1643/CI-10-050 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 700KX UT WOS:000285738800017 ER PT J AU Gamboa, G Halfar, J Hetzinger, S Adey, W Zack, T Kunz, B Jacob, DE AF Gamboa, G. Halfar, J. Hetzinger, S. Adey, W. Zack, T. Kunz, B. Jacob, D. E. TI Mg/Ca ratios in coralline algae record northwest Atlantic temperature variations and North Atlantic Oscillation relationships SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; BELLE-ISLE; RED ALGAE; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; RESOLUTION; STRAIT; GROWTH; SHELF; HYDROGRAPHY AB [1] Climate variability in the North Atlantic has been linked in part to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The NAO influences marine ecosystems in the northwestern Atlantic and transport variability of the cold Labrador Current. Understanding historic patterns of NAO variability requires long-term and high-resolution climate records that are not available from instrumental data. Here we present the first century-scale proxy record of sea surface temperature (SST) variability from the Newfoundland shelf, a region from which other annual-resolution shallow marine proxies are unavailable. The 116 year record was obtained from three sites along the eastern Newfoundland shelf using laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry-determined Mg/Ca ratios in the crustose coralline alga Clathromorphum compactum. The alga is characterized by a high Mg-calcite skeleton exhibiting annual growth increments and a century-scale lifespan. Results indicate positive correlations between interannual variations in Mg/Ca ratios and both station-based and gridded instrumental SST. In addition, the record shows high spatial correlations to SST across the Newfoundland shelf and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Before 1950 the Mg/Ca proxy record reveals significant departures from gridded temperature records. While the Newfoundland shelf is generally considered a region of negative correlations to the NAO, the algal time series as well as a recent modeling study suggest a variable negative relationship with the NAO which is strongest after similar to 1960 and before the mid-1930s. C1 [Gamboa, G.; Halfar, J.; Hetzinger, S.] Univ Toronto, CPS Dept, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Adey, W.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Zack, T.; Kunz, B.; Jacob, D. E.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Dept Geosci, Earth Syst Sci Res Ctr, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RP Gamboa, G (reprint author), Univ Toronto, CPS Dept, 3359 Mississauga Rd N, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. EM gimy.gamboa@utoronto.ca; jochen.halfar@utoronto.ca; steffen.hetzinger@utoronto.ca; adeyw@si.edu; zack@uni-mainz.de; bkunz@students.uni-mainz.de; jacobd@uni-mainz.de RI Jacob, Dorrit/F-8617-2010; Zack, Thomas/C-6153-2009; Adey, Walter/G-2858-2011; Halfar, Jochen/C-7317-2014; Zack, Thomas/K-7228-2013; Hetzinger, Steffen/B-5778-2016 OI Jacob, Dorrit/0000-0003-4744-6627; Zack, Thomas/0000-0003-4747-4134; FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences [7004] FX We thank Wade Saunders, Bob Hooper from Bonne Bay Marine Station, and Philip Sargent from Memorial University of Newfoundland for logistical support and advice on sampling locations. J.H. was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery grant and by a Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences grant (Gr-7004). S.H. acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Feodor Lynen Fellowship). This is a Geocycles publication. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 17 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C12044 DI 10.1029/2010JC006262 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 696TZ UT WOS:000285465600004 ER PT J AU Newsome, SD Ralls, K Job, CV Fogel, ML Cypher, BL AF Newsome, Seth D. Ralls, Katherine Job, Christine Van Horn Fogel, Marilyn L. Cypher, Brian L. TI Stable isotopes evaluate exploitation of anthropogenic foods by the endangered San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic subsidies; diet; stable isotopes; urban ecology; Vulpes macrotis ID WATER AVAILABILITY; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; BONE-COLLAGEN; BREATH TESTS; CARBON; URBAN; DIET; NITROGEN; ECOLOGY; PATTERNS AB The unprecedented rate of urbanization over the past several decades is a major concern for conservation globally and has given rise to the multidisciplinary field of urban ecology. This field explores the direct and indirect effects of human activities on food-web dynamics, community structure, and animal behavior in highly modified urban ecosystems. Urban ecosystems are typically characterized by reduced species diversity but increased abundance of a few species able to exploit anthropogenic food sources. For many urban mammalian and avian species direct resource subsidization is difficult to assess using traditional means such as scat analysis. Here we show how stable isotope analysis can be used to assess the exploitation of anthropogenic foods in an endangered carnivore, the San Joaquin kit fox (Vuipes macrotis mutica) inhabiting the southern San Joaquin Valley in California. Examination of carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) isotope data shows that kit foxes living in urban Bakersfield, California, extensively exploit anthropogenic foods, which sharply contrasts with dietary data derived from scat analysis. Urban kit foxes had significantly higher delta C-13 and lower delta N-15 values than foxes from adjacent nonurban areas and had similar isotope values as Bakersfield human residents, which suggests a shared food source. In contrast, examination of isotopic data for nonurban kit foxes shows that they largely consume the most abundant natural prey species found in their scats. Stable isotope analysis offers a rapid and cost-effective means of evaluating the degree to which urban wildlife populations exploit anthropogenic foods in areas where native C-4 vegetation is relatively uncommon or absent, important in assessing the direct impacts of human activities on food-web dynamics in urban ecosystems. We anticipate that the isotopic gradients used here will be useful in assessing the exploitation of anthropogenic foods in other urban wildlife populations. DOI: 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-362.1. C1 [Newsome, Seth D.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Newsome, Seth D.; Fogel, Marilyn L.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Ralls, Katherine] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Job, Christine Van Horn; Cypher, Brian L.] Calif State Univ Stanislaus, Endangered Species Recovery Program, Bakersfield, CA 93389 USA. RP Newsome, SD (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM snewsome@uwyo.edu RI Fogel, Marilyn/M-2395-2015 OI Fogel, Marilyn/0000-0002-1176-3818 FU W. M. Keck Foundation [072000]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0502491]; Carnegie Institution of Washington FX SDN was partially funded by the W. M. Keck Foundation (072000), the National Science Foundation (ATM-0502491), and the Carnegie Institution of Washington. We thank R. Bowden, E. Snyder, C. Mancuso, B. O'Connor, E. Swarth, W. Wurzel, and S. Phillips for laboratory assistance and A. C. Jakle for constructive reviews. We thank C. Bjurlin, A. Brown, S. Bremner-Harrison, C. Fiehler, S. Harrison, J. Nelson, J. Storlie, and C. Wingert for assistance in collecting kit fox hair samples and scats. We thank A. Madrid, T. Reedy, and E. Tennant for assistance in collecting prey remains from kit fox scats. We thank the following for their generous assistance in collecting human hair samples from Bakersfield, California: Dr. D. Germano and his fall 2008 Conservation Biology class from California State University Bakersfield, L. Saslaw and employees of the Bureau of Land Management Bakersfield Field Office, and A. Martinez from Italienne Salon. NR 55 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 9 U2 66 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1313 EP 1321 DI 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-362.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 697RI UT WOS:000285533100001 ER PT J AU Kersey, DC Wildt, DE Brown, JL Huang, Y Snyder, RJ Monfort, SL AF Kersey, David C. Wildt, David E. Brown, Janine L. Huang, Yan Snyder, Rebecca J. Monfort, Steven L. TI Parallel and seasonal changes in gonadal and adrenal hormones in male giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge; fecal hormones; male giant panda; puberty; reproductive seasonality ID MONITORING OVARIAN-FUNCTION; ARCTIC GROUND-SQUIRRELS; FECAL TESTOSTERONE; URSUS-AMERICANUS; CROCUTA-CROCUTA; CORTISOL-LEVELS; GRIZZLY BEAR; BLACK BEARS; WILD; ACTH AB The purpose of this study was to determine androgen and glucocorticoid (GC) hormonal patterns in male giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) by monitoring gonadal and adrenal metabolites in feces. Initial validation experiments demonstrated comparable excretory patterns in urine versus feces for both androgen and GC measures. Matched urinary and fecal androgen and GC were correlated strongly with each other in a single male that was assessed over 2 years. A single pharmacological injection of adrenocorticotropic hormone caused a 15-fold GC increase in feces above baseline within 10 h, a peak at 12 h, and a return to baseline at 20 h, demonstrating the biological relationship between adrenal activation and GC excretion. Longitudinal androgen and GC excretory profiles in male giant pandas housed at North American (n = 2) and Chinese (n = 3) facilities were similar, with fecal androgens generally exceeding baseline coincident with the onset of the 5-month annual breeding season (January June), after which values returned to nadir. Similarly, fecal GC excretion increased during the breeding season but was baseline thereafter. Fecal androgen and GC in a single male monitored through transition from subadult to sexual maturity also occurred in parallel. In this individual, basal fecal androgen and GC increased 88% and 66%, respectively, from 5 to 6 years of age. Collectively, these data demonstrate seasonal variations in gonadal activity in the giant panda by measuring androgen metabolites in feces, with elevations consistently occurring from January through June before a return to baseline for 4 6 months. Findings also reveal a similar temporal rise in adrenal GC patterns associated with breeding season onset, perhaps a mechanism to enhance metabolism, maximize body energy stores, and provide a competitive advantage in achieving mating opportunities. Examination of data from a single male suggests that the ability to produce these seasonal androgen and GC elevations is age dependent and occurs coincident with puberty. DOI: 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-404.1. C1 [Kersey, David C.; Wildt, David E.; Brown, Janine L.; Monfort, Steven L.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Huang, Yan] Wolong Nat Reserve, China Conservat & Res Ctr Giant Panda, Wenchuan 623006, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Snyder, Rebecca J.] Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30315 USA. RP Kersey, DC (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM dkersey@westernu.edu FU Friends of the National Zoo; Smithsonian National Zoological Park FX We thank N. Parker, C. Aitken-Palmer, A. Crosier, N. Presley, K. Steinman, R. Stewart, and S. Walker for logistical support. Special thanks are extended to C. Bazlett, J. Beckman, S. Enloe, V. Parkman, N. Savageau, and B. von Holdt for laboratory assistance. We also acknowledge the enormous contributions made by the keeper and curatorial staffs at the Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Zoo Atlanta, and the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda in frequent and accurate sample collection. This study was supported by The Friends of the National Zoo and the Smithsonian National Zoological Park. NR 69 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1496 EP 1507 DI 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-404.1 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 697RI UT WOS:000285533100020 ER PT J AU van Dokkum, PG Conroy, C AF van Dokkum, Pieter G. Conroy, Charlie TI A substantial population of low-mass stars in luminous elliptical galaxies SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL FEATURES; STELLAR EVOLUTION; M-DWARF; FRAGMENTATION; CONSTRAINTS; CLOUDS; GROWTH AB The stellar initial mass function (IMF) describes the mass distribution of stars at the time of their formation and is of fundamental importance for many areas of astrophysics. The IMF is reasonably well constrained in the disk of the Milky Way(1) but we have very little direct information on the form of the IMF in other galaxies and at earlier cosmic epochs. Here we report observations of the Na I doublet(2,3) and the Wing-Ford molecular FeH band(4,5) in the spectra of elliptical galaxies. These lines are strong in stars with masses less than 0.3 M(circle dot) (where M(circle dot) is the mass of the Sun) and are weak or absent in all other types of stars(5-7). We unambiguously detect both signatures, consistent with previous studies(8) that were based on data of lower signal-to-noise ratio. The direct detection of the light of low-mass stars implies that they are very abundant in elliptical galaxies, making up over 80% of the total number of stars and contributing more than 60% of the total stellar mass. We infer that the IMF in massive star-forming galaxies in the early Universe produced many more low-mass stars than the IMF in the Milky Way disk, and was probably slightly steeper than the Salpeter form(9) in the mass range 0.1 M(circle dot) to 1 M(circle dot). C1 [van Dokkum, Pieter G.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Conroy, Charlie] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Conroy, Charlie] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP van Dokkum, PG (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM pieter.vandokkum@yale.edu NR 30 TC 217 Z9 217 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 468 IS 7326 BP 940 EP 942 DI 10.1038/nature09578 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 695BC UT WOS:000285344600041 PM 21124316 ER PT J AU Cheesman, AW Turner, BL Inglett, PW Reddy, KR AF Cheesman, Alexander W. Turner, Benjamin L. Inglett, Patrick W. Reddy, K. Ramesh TI Phosphorus Transformations during Decomposition of Wetland Macrophytes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SUBTROPICAL WETLAND; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; TYPHA-LATIFOLIA; LEAF-LITTER; SOIL; EVERGLADES; EUTROPHICATION AB The microbially mediated transformation of detrital P entering wetlands has important implications for the cycling and long-term sequestration of P in wetland soils. We investigated changes in P forms in sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense Crantz) and cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.) leaf litter during 15 months of decomposition at two sites of markedly different nutrient status within a hard-water subtropical wetland (Water Conservation Area 2A, Florida). Leaf litter decomposition at the nutrient enriched site resulted in net sequestration of P from the environment in forms characteristic of microbial cells (i.e., phosphodiesters and pyrophosphate). In contrast, low P concentrations at the unenriched site resulted in little or no net sequestration of P, with changes in P forms limited to the loss of compounds present in the initial leaf litter. We conclude that under nutrient-rich conditions, P sequestration occurs through the accumulation of microbially derived compounds and the presumed concentration of endogenous macrophyte P. Under nutrient-poor conditions, standing P pools within wetland soils appear to be independent of the heterotrophic decomposition of macrophyte leaf litter. These conclusions have important implications for our ability to predict the nature, stability, and rates of P sequestration in wetlands in response to changes in nutrient loading. C1 [Cheesman, Alexander W.; Inglett, Patrick W.; Reddy, K. Ramesh] Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Wetland Biogeochem Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Turner, Benjamin L.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Cheesman, AW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Wetland Biogeochem Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM CheesmanA@si.edu RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Cheesman, Alexander/H-5918-2013 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; Cheesman, Alexander/0000-0003-3931-5766 FU USDA-CREES National Research Initiative [2004-35107-14918]; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory FX We thank Jim Rocca for NMR analytical support. The project was supported by a grant from the USDA-CREES National Research Initiative (No. 2004-35107-14918) and the External User Program of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory administered through the Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy (AMRIS) facility of the McKnight Brain Institute University of Florida. NR 43 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 24 BP 9265 EP 9271 DI 10.1021/es102460h PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 694AK UT WOS:000285266900006 PM 21090603 ER PT J AU Murphy, KR Butler, KD Spencer, RGM Stedmon, CA Boehme, JR Aiken, GR AF Murphy, Kathleen R. Butler, Kenna D. Spencer, Robert G. M. Stedmon, Colin A. Boehme, Jennifer R. Aiken, George R. TI Measurement of Dissolved Organic Matter Fluorescence in Aquatic Environments: An Interlaboratory Comparison SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL CORRECTION STANDARD; ION-DOPED GLASS; COASTAL WATERS; RAMAN SCATTER; SPECTROSCOPY; CALIBRATION; MARINE; TOOL; PARAMETERS; OCEAN AB The fluorescent properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are often studied in order to infer DOM characteristics in aquatic environments, including source, quantity, composition, and behavior. While a potentially powerful technique, a single widely implemented standard method for correcting and presenting fluorescence measurements is lacking, leading to difficulties when comparing data collected by different research groups. This paper reports on a large-scale interlaboratory comparison in which natural samples and well-characterized fluorophores were analyzed in 20 laboratories in the U.S., Europe, and Australia. Shortcomings were evident in several areas, including data quality-assurance, the accuracy of spectral correction factors used to correct EEMs, and the treatment of optically dense samples. Data corrected by participants according to individual laboratory procedures were more variable than when corrected under a standard protocol. Wavelength dependency in measurement precision and accuracy were observed within and between instruments, even in corrected data. In an effort to reduce future occurrences of similar problems, algorithms for correcting and calibrating EEMs are described in detail, and MATLAB scripts for implementing the study's protocol are provided. Combined with the recent expansion of spectral fluorescence standards, this approach will serve to increase the intercomparability of DOM fluorescence studies. C1 [Murphy, Kathleen R.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Murphy, Kathleen R.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Butler, Kenna D.; Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Spencer, Robert G. M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Stedmon, Colin A.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Marine Ecol, Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Boehme, Jennifer R.] Natl Sci Fdn, BIO Div Biol Infrastruct, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Murphy, KR (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM krm@unsw.edu.au; graiken@usgs.gov RI Murphy, Kathleen/B-8217-2009; Stedmon, Colin/B-5841-2008 OI Murphy, Kathleen/0000-0001-5715-3604; Stedmon, Colin/0000-0001-6642-9692 FU US Geological Survey; NASA [NNH04AA62I] FX We thank all of the participating laboratories for providing the data described in this paper. The unpublished manuscript benefited greatly from comments by A. Baker, L. Larson, K. Merriman and anonymous reviewers. This study was undertaken for the AGU Chapman Conference on Organic Matter Fluorescence convened by A. Baker and P. Coble and funded by the US Geological Survey and NASA Grant NNH04AA62I. Use of brand names in this paper is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 36 TC 141 Z9 147 U1 9 U2 112 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 24 BP 9405 EP 9412 DI 10.1021/es102362t PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 694AK UT WOS:000285266900027 PM 21069954 ER PT J AU Swanson, MEC Percival, WJ Lahav, O AF Swanson, Molly E. C. Percival, Will J. Lahav, Ofer TI Neutrino masses from clustering of red and blue galaxies: a test of astrophysical uncertainties SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE neutrinos; galaxies: statistics; cosmological parameters; cosmology: observations; large-scale structure of Universe; cosmic background radiation ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; BARYON ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATIONS; POWER-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; REDSHIFT SURVEY; HALO MODEL; PERTURBATION-THEORY; RICH CLUSTERS; DATA RELEASE; SCALE; LUMINOSITY AB Combining measurements of the galaxy power spectrum and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is a powerful means of constraining the summed mass of neutrino species Sigma m(v), but is subject to systematic uncertainties due to non-linear structure formation, redshift-space distortions and galaxy bias. We empirically test the robustness of neutrino mass results to these effects by separately analysing power spectra of red and blue galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-II) Data Release 7 (DR7), combined with the CMB 5-yr Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP5) data. We consider fitting for a range of maximum wavenumber k using 12 different galaxy bias models. For example, using a new model based on perturbation theory and including redshift-space distortions, the all-galaxy power spectrum combined with WMAP5 for a wavenumber range of k < 0.2 h Mpc(-1) yields 95 per cent confidence limit Sigma m(v) <0.46 eV. The red and blue galaxy power spectra give 0.41 and 0.63 eV, respectively, for this model. Using mock catalogues, we find the expected difference in these limits assuming a true neutrino mass of zero is 0.10 +/- 0.14 eV. Thus, the difference of 0.22 eV between upper limits on neutrino mass for red and blue galaxies is approximately 1 Sigma from the expected value. We find similar results for the other models and k ranges tested. This indicates good agreement for current data but hints at possible issues for next-generation surveys. Being able to perform such systematic tests is advantageous, and future surveys would benefit by including broad galaxy populations and luminosities that enable such a decomposition. C1 [Swanson, Molly E. C.; Lahav, Ofer] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Swanson, Molly E. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Percival, Will J.] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth P01 3FX, Hants, England. RP Swanson, MEC (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM molly@star.ucl.ac.uk FU NASA Office of Space Science; National Science Foundation [OISE-0754357, AST-0901965]; UK Science and Technology Facilities Council; Leverhulme Trust; European Research Council; Royal Society; Erna & Jakob Michael Visiting Professorship at the Weizmann Institute of Science FX We thank Shun Saito for kindly providing his modified CAMB code and Filipe Abdalla, Sarah Bridle, Oystein Elgaroy, Angeliki Kiakotou, Donnacha Kirk and Shaun Thomas for useful discussions. We thank the makers of CAMB for making their code public, SDSS team for making their data public via http://www.sdss.org and the WMAP team for making their data and Monte Carlo Markov Chains public via LAMBDA. Support for LAMBDA is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science. MECS was supported by the National Science Foundation under Award Nos OISE-0754357 and AST-0901965. WJP is grateful for support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council, the Leverhulme Trust and the European Research Council. OL acknowledges a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award and an Erna & Jakob Michael Visiting Professorship at the Weizmann Institute of Science. NR 93 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 11 PY 2010 VL 409 IS 3 BP 1100 EP 1112 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17371.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 688MU UT WOS:000284854300018 ER PT J AU Stefanescu, A Bautz, MW Burrows, DN Bombelli, L Fiorini, C Fraser, G Heinzinger, K Herrmann, S Kuster, M Lauf, T Lechner, P Lutz, G Majewski, P Meuris, A Murray, SS Porro, M Richter, R Santangelo, A Schaller, G Schnecke, M Schopper, F Soltau, H Struder, L Treis, J Tsunemi, H de Vita, G Wilms, J AF Stefanescu, A. Bautz, M. W. Burrows, D. N. Bombelli, L. Fiorini, C. Fraser, G. Heinzinger, K. Herrmann, S. Kuster, M. Lauf, T. Lechner, P. Lutz, G. Majewski, P. Meuris, A. Murray, S. S. Porro, M. Richter, R. Santangelo, A. Schaller, G. Schnecke, M. Schopper, F. Soltau, H. Struder, L. Treis, J. Tsunemi, H. de Vita, G. Wilms, J. TI The Wide Field Imager of the International X-ray Observatory SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th European Symposium on Semiconductor Detectors CY JUN 07-11, 2009 CL Wildbad Kreuth, GERMANY SP PNSensor GmbH, PNDetector GmbH, XIA LLC DE IXO; X ray astronomy; DEPFET; Active Pixel Sensor; Imaging; Spectroscopy ID PIXEL SENSOR PROTOTYPES; XEUS AB The International X-ray Observatory (IXO) will be a Joint X-ray observatory mission by ESA NASA and JAXA It will have a large effective area (3 m(2) at 1 25 key) grazing incidence mirror system with good angular resolution (5 arcsec at 0 1-10 keV) and will feature a comprehensive suite of scientific instruments an X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer a High Time Resolution Spectrometer an X-ray Polarimeter an X-ray Grating Spectrometer a Hard X-ray Imager and a Wide-Field Imager The Wide Field Imager (WFI) has a field-of-view of 18 ft x 18 ft It will be sensitive between 01 and 15 keV offer the full angular resolution of the mirrors and good energy resolution The WFI will be Implemented as a 6 in wafer-scale monolithical array of 1024 x 1024 pixels 01 100 x 100 mu m(2) size The DEpleted P-channel Field-Effect Transistors (DEPFET) forming the individual pixels are devices combining the functionalities of both detector and amplifier Signal electrons are collected in a potential well below the transistor s gate modulating the transistor current Even when the device is powered off the signal charge is collected and kept in the potential well below the gate until it is explicitly cleared This makes flexible and fast readout modes possible (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Stefanescu, A.; Herrmann, S.; Lauf, T.; Lutz, G.; Meuris, A.; Porro, M.; Richter, R.; Schaller, G.; Schnecke, M.; Schopper, F.; Struder, L.; Treis, J.; de Vita, G.] Max Planck Inst Halbleiterlabor, D-81739 Munich, Germany. [Stefanescu, A.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Bautz, M. W.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Burrows, D. N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bombelli, L.; Fiorini, C.] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron & Informaz, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Bombelli, L.; Fiorini, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Fraser, G.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Heinzinger, K.; Lechner, P.; Majewski, P.; Soltau, H.] PNSensor GmbH, D-80803 Munich, Germany. [Herrmann, S.; Lauf, T.; Meuris, A.; Porro, M.; Schaller, G.; Schopper, F.; Struder, L.; de Vita, G.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Kuster, M.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. [Lutz, G.; Richter, R.; Schnecke, M.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Murray, S. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Santangelo, A.] Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Treis, J.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Tsunemi, H.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Wilms, J.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dr Karl Remeis Sternwarte Astron Inst, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Wilms, J.] ECAP, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Stefanescu, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Halbleiterlabor, Otto Hahn Ring 6, D-81739 Munich, Germany. RI Wilms, Joern/C-8116-2013; Kuster, Markus/C-5742-2014 OI Wilms, Joern/0000-0003-2065-5410; NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2010 VL 624 IS 2 BP 533 EP 539 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.05.049 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 695LA UT WOS:000285370400054 ER PT J AU Schmelz, JT Kimble, JA Jenkins, BS Worley, BT Anderson, DJ Pathak, S Saar, SH AF Schmelz, J. T. Kimble, J. A. Jenkins, B. S. Worley, B. T. Anderson, D. J. Pathak, S. Saar, S. H. TI ATMOSPHERIC IMAGING ASSEMBLY MULTITHERMAL LOOP ANALYSIS: FIRST RESULTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: fundamental parameters; Sun: UV radiation ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; ACTIVE-REGION LOOPS; CORONAL LOOPS; SOHO EIT; SPECTROMETER; TEMPERATURE; FILTER; EMISSION; TRACE; MODEL AB The Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory has state-of-the-art spatial resolution and shows the most detailed images of coronal loops ever observed. The series of coronal filters peak at different temperatures, which span the range of active regions. These features represent a significant improvement over earlier coronal imagers and make AIA ideal for multithermal analysis. Here, we targeted a 171 angstrom coronal loop in AR 11092 observed by AIA on 2010 August 3. Isothermal analysis using the 171-to-193 ratio gave a temperature of log T approximate to 6.1, similar to the results of Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (EIT) and TRACE. Differential emission measure analysis, however, showed that the plasma was multithermal, not isothermal, with the bulk of the emission measure at log T > 6.1. The result from the isothermal analysis, which is the average of the true plasma distribution weighted by the instrument response functions, appears to be deceptively low. These results have potentially serious implications: EIT and TRACE results, which use the same isothermal method, show substantially smaller temperature gradients than predicted by standard models for loops in hydrodynamic equilibrium and have been used as strong evidence in support of footpoint heating models. These implications may have to be re-examined in the wake of new results from AIA. C1 [Schmelz, J. T.; Kimble, J. A.; Jenkins, B. S.; Worley, B. T.; Anderson, D. J.; Pathak, S.] Univ Memphis, Dept Phys, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Schmelz, J. T.; Saar, S. H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Schmelz, JT (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Phys, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM jschmelz@memphis.edu FU NSF [ATM-0402729]; NASA/SAO FX We thank Mark Weber, Ed Deluca, and Leon Golub of SAO for help with the AIA data. The Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on the Solar Dynamics Observatory is part of NASA's Living With a Star program. Solar physics research at the University of Memphis is supported by NSF ATM-0402729 as well as a Hinode subcontract from NASA/SAO. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2010 VL 725 IS 1 BP L34 EP L37 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/725/1/L34 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 684UE UT WOS:000284575400008 ER PT J AU Wilson, LB Cattell, CA Kellogg, PJ Goetz, K Kersten, K Kasper, JC Szabo, A Wilber, M AF Wilson, L. B., III Cattell, C. A. Kellogg, P. J. Goetz, K. Kersten, K. Kasper, J. C. Szabo, A. Wilber, M. TI Large-amplitude electrostatic waves observed at a supercritical interplanetary shock SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EARTHS BOW SHOCK; CYCLOTRON HARMONIC-WAVES; QUASI-PERPENDICULAR SHOCK; CRITICAL MACH NUMBER; ISEE-2 OBSERVATIONS; COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS; DRIFT INSTABILITY; WIND SPACECRAFT; INTENSE BURSTS; UPSTREAM AB We present the first observations at an interplanetary shock of large-amplitude (> 100 mV/m pk-pk) solitary waves and large-amplitude (similar to 30 mV/m pk-pk) waves exhibiting characteristics consistent with electron Bernstein waves. The Bernstein-like waves show enhanced power at integer and half-integer harmonics of the cyclotron frequency with a broadened power spectrum at higher frequencies, consistent with the electron cyclotron drift instability. The Bernstein-like waves are obliquely polarized with respect to the magnetic field but parallel to the shock normal direction. Strong particle heating is observed in both the electrons and ions. The observed heating and waveforms are likely due to instabilities driven by the free energy provided by reflected ions at this supercritical interplanetary shock. These results offer new insights into collisionless shock dissipation and wave-particle interactions in the solar wind. C1 [Wilson, L. B., III; Cattell, C. A.; Kellogg, P. J.; Goetz, K.; Kersten, K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Kasper, J. C.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Szabo, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wilber, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wilson, LB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys & Astron, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM wilson@physics.umn.edu; cattell@fields.space.umn.edu; pauljkellogg@gmail.com; goetz@waves.space.umn.edu; kkersten@physics.umn.edu; jkasper@cfa.harvard.edu; adam.szabo-1@nasa.gov; wilber@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Kasper, Justin/D-1152-2010; Wilson III, Lynn/D-4425-2012; OI Kasper, Justin/0000-0002-7077-930X; Wilson III, Lynn/0000-0002-4313-1970; Cattell, Cynthia/0000-0002-3805-320X FU NESSF [NNX07AU72H, NNX07AI05G] FX We thank R. Lin (3DP), K. Ogilvie (SWE), and R. Lepping (MFI) for the use of data from their instruments. We would also like to thank M. Pulupa, S. D. Bale, and P. Schroeder for technical help with the 3DP software and analysis. We thank Linghua Wang for help in calibration of the SST Foil data. This research was supported by NESSF grant NNX07AU72H and grant NNX07AI05G. NR 51 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 10 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A12104 DI 10.1029/2010JA015332 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 693WQ UT WOS:000285256500001 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, M Hilton-Taylor, C Angulo, A Bohm, M Brooks, TM Butchart, SHM Carpenter, KE Chanson, J Collen, B Cox, NA Darwall, WRT Dulvy, NK Harrison, LR Katariya, V Pollock, CM Quader, S Richman, NI Rodrigues, ASL Tognelli, MF Vie, JC Aguiar, JM Allen, DJ Allen, GR Amori, G Ananjeva, NB Andreone, F Andrew, P Ortiz, ALA Baillie, JEM Baldi, R Bell, BD Biju, SD Bird, JP Black-Decima, P Blanc, JJ Bolanos, F Bolivar, W Burfield, IJ Burton, JA Capper, DR Castro, F Catullo, G Cavanagh, RD Channing, A Chao, NL Chenery, AM Chiozza, F Clausnitzer, V Collar, NJ Collett, LC Collette, BB Fernandez, CFC Craig, MT Crosby, MJ Cumberlidge, N Cuttelod, A Derocher, AE Diesmos, AC Donaldson, JS Duckworth, JW Dutson, G Dutta, SK Emslie, RH Farjon, A Fowler, S Freyhof, J Garshelis, DL Gerlach, J Gower, DJ Grant, TD Hammerson, GA Harris, RB Heaney, LR Hedges, SB Hero, JM Hughes, B Hussain, SA Icochea, J Inger, RF Ishii, N Iskandar, DT Jenkins, RKB Kaneko, Y Kottelat, M Kovacs, KM Kuzmin, SL La Marca, E Lamoreux, JF Lau, MWN Lavilla, EO Leus, K Lewison, RL Lichtenstein, G Livingstone, SR Lukoschek, V Mallon, DP McGowan, PJK McIvor, A Moehlman, PD Molur, S Alonso, AM Musick, JA Nowell, K Nussbaum, RA Olech, W Orlov, NL Papenfuss, TJ Parra-Olea, G Perrin, WF Polidoro, BA Pourkazemi, M Racey, PA Ragle, JS Ram, M Rathbun, G Reynolds, RP Rhodin, AGJ Richards, SJ Rodriguez, LO Ron, SR Rondinini, C Rylands, AB de Mitcheson, YS Sanciangco, JC Sanders, KL Santos-Barrera, G Schipper, J Self-Sullivan, C Shi, YC Shoemaker, A Short, FT Sillero-Zubiri, C Silvano, DL Smith, KG Smith, AT Snoeks, J Stattersfield, AJ Symes, AJ Taber, AB Talukdar, BK Temple, HJ Timmins, R Tobias, JA Tsytsulina, K Tweddle, D Ubeda, C Valenti, SV van Dijk, PP Veiga, LM Veloso, A Wege, DC Wilkinson, M Williamson, EA Xie, F Young, BE Akcakaya, HR Bennun, L Blackburn, TM Boitani, L Dublin, HT da Fonseca, GAB Gascon, C Lacher, TE Mace, GM Mainka, SA McNeely, JA Mittermeier, RA Reid, GM Rodriguez, JP Rosenberg, AA Samways, MJ Smart, J Stein, BA Stuart, SN AF Hoffmann, Michael Hilton-Taylor, Craig Angulo, Ariadne Boehm, Monika Brooks, Thomas M. Butchart, Stuart H. M. Carpenter, Kent E. Chanson, Janice Collen, Ben Cox, Neil A. Darwall, William R. T. Dulvy, Nicholas K. Harrison, Lucy R. Katariya, Vineet Pollock, Caroline M. Quader, Suhel Richman, Nadia I. Rodrigues, Ana S. L. Tognelli, Marcelo F. Vie, Jean-Christophe Aguiar, John M. Allen, David J. Allen, Gerald R. Amori, Giovanni Ananjeva, Natalia B. Andreone, Franco Andrew, Paul Aquino Ortiz, Aida Luz Baillie, Jonathan E. M. Baldi, Ricardo Bell, Ben D. Biju, S. D. Bird, Jeremy P. Black-Decima, Patricia Blanc, J. Julian Bolanos, Federico Bolivar-G, Wilmar Burfield, Ian J. Burton, James A. Capper, David R. Castro, Fernando Catullo, Gianluca Cavanagh, Rachel D. Channing, Alan Chao, Ning Labbish Chenery, Anna M. Chiozza, Federica Clausnitzer, Viola Collar, Nigel J. Collett, Leah C. Collette, Bruce B. Fernandez, Claudia F. Cortez Craig, Matthew T. Crosby, Michael J. Cumberlidge, Neil Cuttelod, Annabelle Derocher, Andrew E. Diesmos, Arvin C. Donaldson, John S. Duckworth, J. W. Dutson, Guy Dutta, S. K. Emslie, Richard H. Farjon, Aljos Fowler, Sarah Freyhof, Joerg Garshelis, David L. Gerlach, Justin Gower, David J. Grant, Tandora D. Hammerson, Geoffrey A. Harris, Richard B. Heaney, Lawrence R. Hedges, S. Blair Hero, Jean-Marc Hughes, Baz Hussain, Syed Ainul Icochea M, Javier Inger, Robert F. Ishii, Nobuo Iskandar, Djoko T. Jenkins, Richard K. B. Kaneko, Yoshio Kottelat, Maurice Kovacs, Kit M. Kuzmin, Sergius L. La Marca, Enrique Lamoreux, John F. Lau, Michael W. N. Lavilla, Esteban O. Leus, Kristin Lewison, Rebecca L. Lichtenstein, Gabriela Livingstone, Suzanne R. Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi Mallon, David P. McGowan, Philip J. K. McIvor, Anna Moehlman, Patricia D. Molur, Sanjay Munoz Alonso, Antonio Musick, John A. Nowell, Kristin Nussbaum, Ronald A. Olech, Wanda Orlov, Nikolay L. Papenfuss, Theodore J. Parra-Olea, Gabriela Perrin, William F. Polidoro, Beth A. Pourkazemi, Mohammad Racey, Paul A. Ragle, James S. Ram, Mala Rathbun, Galen Reynolds, Robert P. Rhodin, Anders G. J. Richards, Stephen J. Rodriguez, Lily O. Ron, Santiago R. Rondinini, Carlo Rylands, Anthony B. de Mitcheson, Yvonne Sadovy Sanciangco, Jonnell C. Sanders, Kate L. Santos-Barrera, Georgina Schipper, Jan Self-Sullivan, Caryn Shi, Yichuan Shoemaker, Alan Short, Frederick T. Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio Silvano, Debora L. Smith, Kevin G. Smith, Andrew T. Snoeks, Jos Stattersfield, Alison J. Symes, Andrew J. Taber, Andrew B. Talukdar, Bibhab K. Temple, Helen J. Timmins, Rob Tobias, Joseph A. Tsytsulina, Katerina Tweddle, Denis Ubeda, Carmen Valenti, Sarah V. van Dijk, Peter Paul Veiga, Liza M. Veloso, Alberto Wege, David C. Wilkinson, Mark Williamson, Elizabeth A. Xie, Feng Young, Bruce E. Akcakaya, H. Resit Bennun, Leon Blackburn, Tim M. Boitani, Luigi Dublin, Holly T. da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B. Gascon, Claude Lacher, Thomas E., Jr. Mace, Georgina M. Mainka, Susan A. McNeely, Jeffery A. Mittermeier, Russell A. Reid, Gordon McGregor Paul Rodriguez, Jon Rosenberg, Andrew A. Samways, Michael J. Smart, Jane Stein, Bruce A. Stuart, Simon N. TI The Impact of Conservation on the Status of the World's Vertebrates SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EXTINCTIONS; DECLINES; BENEFITS; FUTURE; INDEX AB Using data for 25,780 species categorized on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, we present an assessment of the status of the world's vertebrates. One-fifth of species are classified as Threatened, and we show that this figure is increasing: On average, 52 species of mammals, birds, and amphibians move one category closer to extinction each year. However, this overall pattern conceals the impact of conservation successes, and we show that the rate of deterioration would have been at least one-fifth again as much in the absence of these. Nonetheless, current conservation efforts remain insufficient to offset the main drivers of biodiversity loss in these groups: agricultural expansion, logging, overexploitation, and invasive alien species. C1 [Hoffmann, Michael; Stuart, Simon N.] United Nations Environm Programme World Conservat, IUCN SSC Species Survival Commiss, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. [Cox, Neil A.; Tognelli, Marcelo F.] Conservat Int, IUCN CI Biodivers Assessment Unit, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Hilton-Taylor, Craig; Darwall, William R. T.; Katariya, Vineet; Pollock, Caroline M.; Allen, David J.; Collett, Leah C.; Cuttelod, Annabelle; Shi, Yichuan; Smith, Kevin G.] IUCN, Species Programme, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. [Angulo, Ariadne] IUCN CI Biodivers Assessment Unit, Toronto, ON M5S 1X1, Canada. [Angulo, Ariadne; Carpenter, Kent E.; Chanson, Janice; Cox, Neil A.; Tognelli, Marcelo F.; Vie, Jean-Christophe; Lamoreux, John F.; Polidoro, Beth A.; Ragle, James S.; Sanciangco, Jonnell C.] IUCN, Species Programme, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [Boehm, Monika; Collen, Ben; Richman, Nadia I.; Ram, Mala; Blackburn, Tim M.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Brooks, Thomas M.; Young, Bruce E.] NatureServe, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Brooks, Thomas M.] Univ Philippines Los Banos, World Agroforestry Ctr ICRAF, Laguna 4031, Philippines. [Brooks, Thomas M.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Geog & Environm Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Butchart, Stuart H. M.; Burfield, Ian J.; Collar, Nigel J.; Crosby, Michael J.; Stattersfield, Alison J.; Symes, Andrew J.; Wege, David C.; Bennun, Leon] BirdLife Int, Cambridge CB3 0NA, England. [Carpenter, Kent E.; Polidoro, Beth A.; Sanciangco, Jonnell C.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Chanson, Janice] IUCN CI Biodivers Assessment Unit, Cheltenham, Vic 3192, Australia. [Dulvy, Nicholas K.; Harrison, Lucy R.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, IUCN Shark Specialist Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Quader, Suhel] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Natl Ctr Biol Sci, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India. [Rodrigues, Ana S. L.] CNRS, UMR5175, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34293 Montpellier, France. [Tognelli, Marcelo F.] IADIZA CONICET, CCT Mendoza, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. [Aguiar, John M.; Lacher, Thomas E., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Allen, Gerald R.] Western Australian Museum, Perth, WA 6986, Australia. [Amori, Giovanni] CNR, Inst Ecosyst Studies, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Ananjeva, Natalia B.; Orlov, Nikolay L.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Andreone, Franco] Museo Reg Sci Nat, I-10123 Turin, Italy. [Andrew, Paul] Taronga Conservat Soc Australia, Taronga Zoo, Sydney, NSW 2088, Australia. [Baillie, Jonathan E. M.] Zool Soc London, London NW1 4RY, England. [Baldi, Ricardo] Ctr Nacl Pagagon CONICET, Unidad Invest Ecol Terrestre, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina. [Baldi, Ricardo] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Patagonian & Andean Steppe Program, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina. [Bell, Ben D.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Biodivers & Restorat Ecol, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Biju, S. D.] Univ Delhi, Sch Environm Studies, Systemat Lab, Delhi 110007, India. [Bird, Jeremy P.] Pacific Inst Sustainable Dev, Ctr Biodivers & Biosecur Studies, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. [Black-Decima, Patricia] Univ Nacl Tucuman, Fac Ciencias Nat, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Black-Decima, Patricia] Univ Nacl Tucuman, Inst Miguel Lillo, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Bolanos, Federico] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose 115012060, Costa Rica. [Bolivar-G, Wilmar] Univ Valle, Fac Ciencias Nat & Exactas, Dept Biol, Secc Zool, Cali, Colombia. [Burton, James A.] Earthwatch Inst, Oxford OX2 7DE, England. [Burton, James A.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Edinburgh EH9 1QH, Midlothian, Scotland. [Castro, Fernando] Univ Valle, Lab Herpetol, Cali, Colombia. [Catullo, Gianluca] WWF Italy Specis Off, I-00198 Rome, Italy. [Cavanagh, Rachel D.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Channing, Alan] Univ Western Cape, Biodivers & Conservat Biol Dept, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. [Chao, Ning Labbish] Bioamazonia Conservat Int, Baltimore, MD 21230 USA. [Chao, Ning Labbish] Univ Fed Amazonas, Depto Ciencias Pesqueiras, BR-60700 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Chao, Ning Labbish] Natl Museum Marine Biol & Aquarium, Checheng 944, Pingtung, Taiwan. [Chiozza, Federica; Rondinini, Carlo; Boitani, Luigi] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Anim & Human Biol, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Clausnitzer, Viola] Senckenberg Museum Nat Hist Goerlitz, D-02806 Goerlitz, Germany. [Collette, Bruce B.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Craig, Matthew T.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Cumberlidge, Neil] Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Derocher, Andrew E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Diesmos, Arvin C.] Natl Museum Philippines, Div Zool, Herpetol Sect, Manila 1000, Philippines. [Donaldson, John S.] S African Natl Biodivers Inst, KRC, ZA-7735 Claremont, South Africa. [Dutson, Guy] Birds Australia, Carlton, Vic 3053, Australia. [Dutta, S. K.] N Orissa Univ, Mayurbhanj 757003, Orissa, India. [Emslie, Richard H.] IUCN SSC African Rhino Specialist Grp, ZA-3245 Hilton, South Africa. [Farjon, Aljos] Royal Bot Gardens, Herbarium Lib Art & Arch, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England. [Fowler, Sarah; Valenti, Sarah V.] NatureBur, Newbury RG14 5SJ, Berks, England. [Freyhof, Joerg] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Garshelis, David L.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Gerlach, Justin] Nat Protect Trust Seychelles, Cambridge CB1 7BX, England. [Gower, David J.; Wilkinson, Mark] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England. [Grant, Tandora D.] San Diego Zoo Inst Conservat Res, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. [Hammerson, Geoffrey A.] NatureServe, Port Townsend, WA 98368 USA. [Harris, Richard B.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Heaney, Lawrence R.; Inger, Robert F.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Hedges, S. Blair] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hero, Jean-Marc] Griffith Univ, Sch Environm, Environm Futures Ctr, Griffith, Qld 4222, Australia. [Hughes, Baz] Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge GL2 7BT, Glos, England. [Hussain, Syed Ainul] Wildlife Inst India, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Ishii, Nobuo] Tokyo Womans Christian Univ, Sch Arts & Sci, Suginami Ku, Tokyo 1678585, Japan. [Iskandar, Djoko T.] Inst Teknol Bandung, Sch Life Sci & Technol, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. [Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Univ Kent, Sch Anthropol & Conservat, Durrell Inst Conservat & Ecol, Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England. [Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Bangor Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Madagasikara Voakajy, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar. [Kaneko, Yoshio] Iwate Prefectural Univ, Takizawa, Iwate 0200193, Japan. [Kottelat, Maurice] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Raffles Museum Biodivers Res, Singapore 117546, Singapore. [Kovacs, Kit M.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Kuzmin, Sergius L.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 119071, Russia. [La Marca, Enrique] Univ Los Andes, Escuela Geog, Lab Biogeog, Merida 5101, Venezuela. [Lamoreux, John F.] IUCN Species Programme, Randolph, NH 03593 USA. [Lau, Michael W. N.] Kadoorie Farm & Bot Garden, Tai Po, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lavilla, Esteban O.] Fdn Miguel Lillo CONICET, Inst Herpetol, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Leus, Kristin] European Reg Off, Conservat Breeding Specialist Grp, B-2170 Merksem, Belgium. [Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Lichtenstein, Gabriela] Inst Nacl Antropol & Pensamiento Latinoamer, RA-1426 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Livingstone, Suzanne R.] Univ Glasgow, Fac Biomed & Life Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Mallon, David P.] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dept Biol Chem & Hlth Sci, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs, England. [McGowan, Philip J. K.] Newcastle Univ, Biol Field Stn, World Pheasant Assoc, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE15 0HT, Tyne & Wear, England. [Moehlman, Patricia D.] Wildlife Trust Alliance, Arusha, Tanzania. [Molur, Sanjay] Zoo Outreach Org, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India. [Munoz Alonso, Antonio] Colegio Frontera Sur, San Cristobal Las Casas 29290, Chiapas, Mexico. [Musick, John A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Nowell, Kristin] CAT, Cape Neddick, ME 03902 USA. [Nussbaum, Ronald A.] Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Div Reptiles & Amphibians, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Olech, Wanda] Warsaw Univ Life Sci, PL-02786 Warsaw, Poland. [Papenfuss, Theodore J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Parra-Olea, Gabriela] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Dept Zool, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Perrin, William F.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Pourkazemi, Mohammad] Int Sturgeon Res Inst, Rasht, Iran. [Racey, Paul A.] Univ Exeter Cornwall, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England. [Rathbun, Galen] Calif Acad Sci San Francisco, Dept Ornithol & Mammal, Cambria, CA 93428 USA. [Reynolds, Robert P.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Rhodin, Anders G. J.] Chelonian Res Fdn, Lunenburg, MA 01462 USA. [Richards, Stephen J.] S Australian Museum, Herpetol Dept, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. [Richards, Stephen J.] Conservat Int, Rapid Assessment Program, Atherton, Qld 4883, Australia. [Rodriguez, Lily O.] German Tech Cooperat GmbH, Lima 27, Peru. [Ron, Santiago R.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Biol, Museo Zool, Quito, Ecuador. [de Mitcheson, Yvonne Sadovy] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [de Mitcheson, Yvonne Sadovy] Soc Conservat Reef Fish Aggregat, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. [Sanders, Kate L.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Santos-Barrera, Georgina] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Evolut Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Schipper, Jan] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Big Isl Invas Species Comm, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Self-Sullivan, Caryn] Sirenian Int, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA. [Self-Sullivan, Caryn] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Shoemaker, Alan] IUCN SSC Tapir Specialist Grp, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Short, Frederick T.] Univ New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio] Univ Oxford, Recanati Kaplan Ctr, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Tubney OX13 5QL, England. [Silvano, Debora L.] Univ Catolica Brasilia, Zool Lab, BR-71966700 Taguatinga, DF, Brazil. [Smith, Andrew T.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Snoeks, Jos] Royal Museum Cent Africa, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. [Snoeks, Jos] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Anim Div & Systemat, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Taber, Andrew B.] Jalan CIFOR, Ctr Int Forestry Res, Situ Gede 16115, Bogor Barat, Indonesia. [Talukdar, Bibhab K.] Aaranyak & Int Rhino Fdn, Gauhati 781028, Assam, India. [Temple, Helen J.] Biodivers Consultancy Ltd, Cambridge CB2 9LJ, England. [Tobias, Joseph A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Tsytsulina, Katerina] Natl Inst Biol Resources, Vertebrate Res Div, Inchon 404708, South Korea. [Tweddle, Denis] S African Inst Aquat Biodivers, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Ubeda, Carmen] Univ Nacl Comahue, Ctr Reg Univ Bariloche, Dept Zool, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Veiga, Liza M.] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, BR-66017970 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Veiga, Liza M.] Fed Univ Para, BR-66075110 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Veloso, Alberto] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ciencias Ecol, Santiago, Chile. [Williamson, Elizabeth A.] Univ Stirling, Dept Psychol, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [Xie, Feng] Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. [Akcakaya, H. Resit] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Dublin, Holly T.] IUCN ESARO, African Elephant Specialist Grp, IUCN SSC, Nairobi 00200, Kenya. [Dublin, Holly T.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.] Global Environm Facil, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Zool, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Mace, Georgina M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Populat Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Mainka, Susan A.; McNeely, Jeffery A.; Mittermeier, Russell A.; Smart, Jane] IUCN, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [Reid, Gordon McGregor] N England Zool Soc, Chester Zoo, Chester CH2 1LH, Cheshire, England. [Paul Rodriguez, Jon] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. [Samways, Michael J.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Conservat Ecol & Entomol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. [Stein, Bruce A.] Natl Wildlife Federat, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Stuart, Simon N.] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Stuart, Simon N.] Al Ain Wildlife Pk & Resort, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. RP Hoffmann, M (reprint author), United Nations Environm Programme World Conservat, IUCN SSC Species Survival Commiss, 219 Huntingdon Rd, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. EM mike.hoffmann@iucn.org RI Rodrigues, Ana/A-5914-2009; Harrison, Lucy/F-9494-2011; Jenkins, Richard/A-4567-2012; Hoffmann, Michael/E-6419-2010; ANDREONE, FRANCO/H-4942-2012; Rodriguez, Jon Paul/A-1491-2009; Akcakaya, H. Resit/A-7830-2008; Collen, Ben/D-5055-2011; Rinaldi2, Carlos/D-4479-2011; Rondinini, Carlo/E-9027-2011; Donaldson, John/F-6833-2011; Veiga, Liza/C-6667-2009; Blackburn, Tim/A-7685-2011; Self-Sullivan, Caryn/H-2605-2012; Derocher, Andrew/J-4469-2012; Lukoschek, vimoksalehi/C-6126-2013; Silvano, Debora/H-4235-2012; Wilkinson, Mark/J-2026-2014; Hu, Lile /E-7961-2015; Williamson, Liz/E-4727-2016; Collen, Ben/F-2543-2016; Mace, Georgina/I-3072-2016; Schipper, Jan/N-5266-2015; OI Rodrigues, Ana/0000-0003-4775-0127; Hoffmann, Michael/0000-0003-4785-2254; ANDREONE, FRANCO/0000-0001-9809-5818; Rodriguez, Jon Paul/0000-0001-5019-2870; Akcakaya, H. Resit/0000-0002-8679-5929; Brooks, Thomas/0000-0001-8159-3116; Gerlach, Justin/0000-0002-0157-0449; Pourkazemi, Mohammad/0000-0002-0496-8049; Tobias, Joseph/0000-0003-2429-6179; Tognelli, Marcelo/0000-0002-9761-4505; Molur, Sanjay/0000-0001-8230-518X; Self-Sullivan, Caryn/0000-0003-0785-3682; Derocher, Andrew/0000-0002-1104-7774; Lukoschek, vimoksalehi/0000-0002-0268-3808; Silvano, Debora/0000-0001-7349-5962; Wilkinson, Mark/0000-0002-9459-8976; Hu, Lile /0000-0003-4892-2488; Williamson, Liz/0000-0001-6848-9154; Collen, Ben/0000-0003-2564-4243; Mace, Georgina/0000-0001-8965-5211; Schipper, Jan/0000-0002-8338-7874; Dulvy, Nicholas/0000-0002-4295-9725; Ron, Santiago/0000-0001-6300-9350 NR 41 TC 410 Z9 431 U1 65 U2 563 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 10 PY 2010 VL 330 IS 6010 BP 1503 EP 1509 DI 10.1126/science.1194442 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 692LE UT WOS:000285153500055 PM 20978281 ER PT J AU Zimmermann, A Zimmermann, B Elsenbeer, H AF Zimmermann, Alexander Zimmermann, Beate Elsenbeer, Helmut TI Comment on "Spatial throughfall heterogeneity in a montane rain forest in Ecuador: Extent, temporal stability and drivers" by Wullaert et al. [J. Hydrol. 377 (2009) 71-79] SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTERCEPTION LOSS; CANOPY STORAGE; OAK FOREST; VARIABILITY; PATTERNS; STEMFLOW; WATER; PLANTATION; MODEL; COVER C1 [Zimmermann, Alexander; Zimmermann, Beate; Elsenbeer, Helmut] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Zimmermann, Beate; Elsenbeer, Helmut] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Zimmermann, A (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. EM zimmermann.alex@yahoo.de RI Zimmermann, Alexander/B-6831-2011; Zimmermann, Beate/B-5164-2012; OI Zimmermann, Alexander/0000-0003-0330-1565 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 6 PY 2010 VL 395 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.10.013 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 691ZT UT WOS:000285122000012 ER PT J AU Bentlage, B AF Bentlage, Bastian TI Carybdea alata auct. (Cubozoa): rediscovery of the Alatina grandis type SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Letter C1 [Bentlage, Bastian] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Bentlage, Bastian] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Bentlage, B (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 1200 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM bentlage@ku.edu NR 7 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 6 PY 2010 IS 2713 BP 52 EP 54 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 690JV UT WOS:000285001700003 ER PT J AU Kwan, JC Ratnayake, R Abboud, KA Paul, VJ Luesch, H AF Kwan, Jason C. Ratnayake, Ranjala Abboud, Khalil A. Paul, Valerie J. Luesch, Hendrik TI Grassypeptolides A-C, Cytotoxic Bis-thiazoline Containing Marine Cyclodepsipeptides SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CYANOBACTERIUM MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; LISSOCLINUM-PATELLA METABOLITES; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; METAL-BINDING; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; ELASTASE INHIBITORS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CYCLIC-PEPTIDES; IRON CHELATORS; PART 1 AB Grassypeptolides A-C (1-3), a group of closely related bis-thiazoline containing cyclic depsipeptides, have been isolated from extracts of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya confervoides. Although structural differences between the analogues are minimal, comparison of the in vitro cytotoxicity of the series revealed a structure-activity relationship. When the ethyl substituent of 1 is changed to a methyl substituent in 2, activity is only slightly reduced (3-4-fold), whereas inversion of the Phe unit flanking the bis-thiazoline moiety results in 16-23-fold greater potency. We show that both 1 and 3 cause G1 phase cell cycle arrest at lower concentrations, followed at higher concentrations by G2/M phase arrest, and that these compounds bind Cu(2+). and Zn(2+). The three-dimensional structure of 2 was determined by MS, NMR, and X-ray crystallography, and the structure of 3 was established by MS, NMR, and chemical degradation. The structure of 3 was explored by in silico molecular modeling, revealing subtle differences in overall conformation between 1 and 3. Attempts to interconvert 1 and 3 with base were unsuccessful, but enzymatic conversion may be possible and could be a novel form of activation for chemical defense. C1 [Kwan, Jason C.; Ratnayake, Ranjala; Luesch, Hendrik] Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Abboud, Khalil A.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Paul, Valerie J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Luesch, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM luesch@cop.ufl.edu RI Kwan, Jason/F-9589-2010; OI Kwan, Jason/0000-0001-9933-1536; zaraat, javad/0000-0001-5341-7481 FU National Institutes of Health, NIGMS [P41GM806210]; National Science Foundation; University of Florida FX This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health, NIGMS Grant P41GM806210. The 600 MHz 1 mm triple-resonance HTS cryogenic probe used for NMR of compounds 2 and 3 in CDCI3 was developed through collaboration between U.F., the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, and Bruker Biospin.41 K.A.A. wishes to acknowledge the National Science Foundation and the University of Florida for funding of the purchase of the X-ray equipment. This is contribution number 833 from the Smithsonian Marine Station. We thank Eusebio Juaristi for kindly providing standards for the Maba unit. NR 41 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD DEC 3 PY 2010 VL 75 IS 23 BP 8012 EP 8023 DI 10.1021/jo1013564 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 684AR UT WOS:000284519900004 PM 21047144 ER PT J AU Dominguez, E Godoy, C AF Dominguez, Edwin Godoy, Carolina TI Taxonomic review of the genus Osbornellus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Central America SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE Leafhopper; morphology; key; description; taxonomy; Costa Rica ID DELTOCEPHALINAE; HOMOPTERA AB A taxonomic review of the genus Osbornellus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Costa Rica revealed the presence of 48 species, of which 37 are described as new and six are new records for the country. A key for the identification of Osbornellus species of Costa Rica is provided. Osbornellus lacunis DeLong and Martinson is synonymized with Osbornellus blantoni Linnavuori and Osbornellus separatus DeLong is synonymized with Osbornellus pallidus. C1 [Dominguez, Edwin] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Insect Collect, Panama City, Panama. [Dominguez, Edwin] Univ Panama, Lab Biol Study Crop Pest, Panama City, Panama. [Godoy, Carolina] Univ Estatal Distancia UNED, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Godoy, Carolina] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, Museo Zool, San Pedro De Montes Oca, Costa Rica. RP Dominguez, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Insect Collect, Panama City, Panama. EM dominguezee@si.edu; cgodoy@uned.ac.cr FU DAAD (Servicio Aleman de Intercambio Academico); INBio (Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Costa Rica); STRI (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama) FX We thank Paul Hanson for his comments on the English version of the manuscript, Monika Springer and William Eberhard for their comments on the Spanish version (the thesis of the first author), and Linette Vega for field support. For loans of specimens we thank Paul Freytag (University of Kentucky), Charles Bartett (University of Delaware), Jean Michel Maes (Museo Entomologico, Leon, Nicaragua), John Longino (ALAS project, Organization for Tropical Studies), Annette Aiello (Insect Collection, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama), Dora Quiros and Daniel Emmen (Laboratory of Biological Study from Crop Pest, University of Panama), and Diomedes Quintero (Museo de Invertebrados, University of Panama). For financial support we thank DAAD (Servicio Aleman de Intercambio Academico), INBio (Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Costa Rica) and STRI (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama). Finally, we thank Chris Dietrich and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on the manuscript. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 3 PY 2010 IS 2702 BP 1 EP 106 PG 106 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 690IU UT WOS:000284997800001 ER PT J AU Bean, JL Kempton, EMR Homeier, D AF Bean, Jacob L. Kempton, Eliza Miller-Ricci Homeier, Derek TI A ground-based transmission spectrum of the super-Earth exoplanet GJ 1214b SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-PLANETS; MASS; ATMOSPHERES; SEARCH; RICH AB In contrast to planets with masses similar to that of Jupiter and higher, the bulk compositions of planets in the so-called super-Earth regime (masses 2-10 times that of the Earth) cannot be uniquely determined from a measurement of mass and radius alone. For these planets, there is a degeneracy between the mass and composition of both the interior and a possible atmosphere in theoretical models(1,2). The recently discovered transiting super-Earth exoplanet GJ 1214b is one example of this problem(3). Three distinct models for the planet that are consistent with its mass and radius have been suggested(4). Breaking the degeneracy between these models requires obtaining constraints on the planet's atmospheric composition(5,6). Here we report a ground-based measurement of the transmission spectrum of GJ 1214b between wavelengths of 780 and 1,000 nm. The lack of features in this spectrum rules out (at 4.9 sigma confidence) cloud-free atmospheres composed primarily of hydrogen. If the planet's atmosphere is hydrogen-dominated, then it must contain clouds or hazes that are optically thick at the observed wavelengths at pressures less than 200 mbar. Alternatively, the featureless transmission spectrum is also consistent with the presence of a dense, water vapour atmosphere. C1 [Bean, Jacob L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bean, Jacob L.; Homeier, Derek] Univ Gottingen, Inst Astrophys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Kempton, Eliza Miller-Ricci] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Bean, JL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jbean@cfa.harvard.edu OI Homeier, Derek/0000-0002-8546-9128 FU European Commissions; NASA FX We thank D. Charbonneau, J.-M. Desert, J. Fortney, S. Seager, L. Rogers and D. Sasselov for discussions about this work. J.L.B. received funding from the European Commissions Seventh Framework Program as a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellow. J.L.B. and E.M.-R.K. acknowledge funding from NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program. The results presented are based on observations made with ESO telescopes at the Paranal Observatories under programs 284.C-5042 and 285.C-5019. NR 22 TC 168 Z9 171 U1 4 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 2 PY 2010 VL 468 IS 7324 BP 669 EP 672 DI 10.1038/nature09596 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 688GB UT WOS:000284836700035 PM 21124452 ER PT J AU Frick, MG AF Frick, Michael G. TI Misconceptions about the ability of researchers to relocate the holotype of the Galapagos pink land iguana through the use of a passive integrated transponder SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Letter ID ANIMAL MOVEMENTS; CONOLOPHUS; POPULATIONS; SQUAMATA; ECOLOGY; TAGS C1 Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Frick, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, FONZ MRC 5516,3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM frickm@si.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 2 PY 2010 IS 2694 BP 57 EP 58 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 690HX UT WOS:000284994800004 ER PT J AU Mawdsley, JR AF Mawdsley, Jonathan R. TI Cladistic analysis of Cicindela Linnaeus 1758, subgenus Pancallia Rivalier 1961, a lineage of tiger beetles from southern India (Coleoptera Cicindelidae) SO TROPICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tiger beetle; Cicindelidae; India; Cicindela; Pancallia; phylogeny; cladistic analysis; taxonomy; conservation ID TRANSLOCATION AB A hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships is proposed for the subgenus Pancallia Rivalier 1961 of the genus Cicindela Linnaeus 1758 (Coleoptera Cicindelidae). Sixteen adult morphological characters were identified and scored for the six taxa currently recognized in this subgenus: Cicindela (Pancallia) angulicollis Horn 1900, C. (P.) aurofasciata Dejean 1831, C. (P.) goryi Chaudoir 1852 (new status), C. (P.) princeps ducalis Horn 1897, C. (P.) princeps princeps Vigors 1825, and C. (P.) shivah Parry 1848. Cladistic parsimony analysis of the resulting taxon-character matrix using the computer program NONA identified a single most parsimonious tree for these six taxa. Cicindela (Pancallia) angulicollis is the sister-species of the rare C. (P.) shivah, a species of current conservation interest in India. Cicindela (Pancallia) princeps is the sister-species of a monophyletic clade containing C. (P.) aurofasciata and C. (P.) gotyi. Cicindela (Pancallia) goryi is restored to full species status based on differences in morphology, behavior, and ecological associations which separate this taxon from C. (P.) aurofasciata. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, MRC 187, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Mawdsley, JR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, MRC 187, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mawdsley@heinzctr.org FU National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (USA) FX I thank Terry L. Erwin, Curator of Coleoptera at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (USA), for supporting my research activities and for making specimens of Cicindela (Pancallia) and allied genera and subgenera available for this project. For training in the use of WinClada and NONA, I thank James K. Liebherr and Kevin C. Nixon at Cornell University (USA). For helpful comments on the manuscript, I thank my distinguished colleague Fabio Cassola and a second anonymous reviewer. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTRO STUDIO FAUNISTICA ECOLOGIA TROPICALI, C N R PI FLORENCE PA VIA ROMANA 17, 50125 FLORENCE, ITALY SN 0394-6975 J9 TROP ZOOL JI Trop. Zool. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 23 IS 2 BP 195 EP 203 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 768IB UT WOS:000290926300007 ER PT J AU Faircloth, BC Title, A Tan, K Welty, J Belthoff, JR Gowaty, PA AF Faircloth, Brant C. Title, Alexandra Tan, Kevin Welty, Justin Belthoff, James R. Gowaty, Patricia Adair TI Eighteen microsatellite loci developed from western burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Microsatellites; SSRs; Burrowing owls; Athene cunicularia; Strigidae ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; LANDSCAPES; PRIMERS AB Western burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) are ground-dwelling owls distributed throughout western North America. Because of population declines, this species is considered endangered in Canada, and burrowing owls are listed as a species of conservation concern in states of the western USA. Korfanta et al. (2002) previously presented primers for seven microsatellite loci in burrowing owls. Parentage and relatedness studies require a larger number of markers for accuracy and precision. Here, we developed and characterized 18 additional microsatellite DNA loci, and we tested these loci in 23 individuals. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 11; two loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium following Bonferroni correction; we did not detect linkage disequilibrium following Bonferroni correction; and the probability of exclusion for parent pairs using all loci was > 0.9999. We envision these loci will facilitate detailed analyses of the genetic mating system of burrowing owls, which is poorly understood. C1 [Faircloth, Brant C.; Gowaty, Patricia Adair] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Title, Alexandra] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tan, Kevin] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Mol Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Welty, Justin; Belthoff, James R.] Boise State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Welty, Justin; Belthoff, James R.] Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Gowaty, Patricia Adair] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Gowaty, Patricia Adair] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 9100, DPO AA, Miami, FL 34002 USA. RP Faircloth, BC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 621 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM brant.faircloth@gmail.com OI Faircloth, Brant/0000-0002-1943-0217 FU USDA CSREES National Research Initiative; EPA; US Bureau of Land Management; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Boise State University (BSU) Department of Biological Sciences; BSU Raptor Research Center; University of California, Los Angeles FX Financial support was provided by: USDA CSREES National Research Initiative to JRB, an EPA Star Fellowship to one of JRB's students, the US Bureau of Land Management, the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Boise State University (BSU) Department of Biological Sciences, BSU Raptor Research Center funds to JRB, and setup funds for PAG from the University of California, Los Angeles. BSU's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved the collection of burrowing owl blood samples used in this study, and we trapped and sampled burrowing owls under USGS Bird Banding Laboratory Permit #22174 and Idaho Department of Fish and Game Scientific Collecting Permit #930810 to JRB. PAG and JRB acquired funding for this research and provided the physical and intellectual resources for its pursuit; JW assisted with sample collection and preparation; BCF, AT, and KT conducted the microsatellite enrichment and data collection, BCF conducted the data analysis, and BCF, AT, PAG, and JRB wrote the manuscript. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9214-5 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000038 ER PT J AU Bozarth, CA Alva-Campbell, YR Ralls, K Henry, TR Smith, DA Westphal, MF Maldonado, JE AF Bozarth, Christine A. Alva-Campbell, Yvette R. Ralls, Katherine Henry, Tammy R. Smith, Deborah A. Westphal, Michael F. Maldonado, Jesus E. TI An efficient noninvasive method for discriminating among faeces of sympatric North American canids SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Vulpes; Canis; Species identification; Noninvasive DNA sampling; Mitochondrial DNA ID EXPERIMENTAL POPULATION-AREA; FECAL SAMPLES; DNA; RUFUS; AMPLIFICATION; INDIVIDUALS; GENOTYPES; GIS AB Molecular technology can identify species noninvasively from faeces found in the field. We describe a fast and reliable genetic method that differentiates faeces of five potentially sympatric North American canids without using multiple primer sets or restriction enzyme digestion. Our primer set amplifies a short fragment (237-288 bp) of the mitochondrial d-loop that is a different length in each species: kit fox (Vulpes macrotis), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), coyote (Canis latrans), and dog (Canis familiaris). We extensively tested our technique using published and novel d-loop sequences and then applied it to two large faecal data sets collected in California and Virginia. It provides an efficient tool for noninvasively distinguishing sympatric canids in diverse regions of North America. C1 [Bozarth, Christine A.; Alva-Campbell, Yvette R.; Ralls, Katherine; Henry, Tammy R.; Maldonado, Jesus E.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Bozarth, Christine A.; Maldonado, Jesus E.] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Smith, Deborah A.] Working Dogs Conservat, Three Forks, MT 59752 USA. [Westphal, Michael F.] Hollister Field Off, Bur Land Management, Hollister, CA 95023 USA. RP Bozarth, CA (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Natl Zool Pk,3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM bozarthc@si.edu FU National Zoo; Alternatives Research & Development Foundation; National Science Foundation [GK-12]; Bureau of Land Management; United States Department of Navy FX We thank Friends of the National Zoo, Alternatives Research & Development Foundation, National Science Foundation GK-12, Bureau of Land Management, and United States Department of Navy for financial support; J. Ortega, S. Young, B. Adams, L. Rockwood, C. Edwards, T. Stamps, and C. Macintosh for assistance and guidance; and Stacey Lance and Julie Glenn for gray fox tissues. Special thanks to the scat-detection dog teams in California, especially Rio (1997-2009). NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 173 EP 175 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9215-4 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000039 ER PT J AU Uhen, MD Coates, AG Jaramillo, CA Montes, C Pimiento, C Rincon, A Strong, N Velez-Juarbe, J AF Uhen, Mark D. Coates, Anthony G. Jaramillo, Carlos A. Montes, Camilo Pimiento, Catalina Rincon, Aldo Strong, Nikki Velez-Juarbe, Jorge TI Marine mammals from the Miocene of Panama SO JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Panama; Neogene; Miocene; Pliocene; Cetacea; Sirenia ID SIRENIANS; FLORIDA; FOSSIL AB Panama has produced an abundance of Neogene marine fossils both invertebrate (mollusks, corals, microfossils etc.) and vertebrate (fish, land mammals etc.), but marine mammals have not been previously reported. Here we describe a cetacean thoracic vertebra from the late Miocene Tobabe Formation, a partial cetacean rib from the late Miocene Gatun Formation, and a sirenian caudal vertebra and rib fragments from the early Miocene Culebra Formation. These finds suggest that Central America may yet provide additional fossil marine mammal specimens that will help us to understand the evolution, and particularly the biogeography of these groups. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Uhen, Mark D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Coates, Anthony G.; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Montes, Camilo; Pimiento, Catalina; Rincon, Aldo; Strong, Nikki] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Pimiento, Catalina] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Velez-Juarbe, Jorge] Howard Univ, Dept Anat, Lab Evolutionary Biol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Uhen, MD (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM muhen@gmu.edu OI Montes, Camilo/0000-0002-3553-0787 FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [0966884]; Smithsonian Institution; Autoridad del Canal de Panama; SENACYT; Mr. Mark Tupper; NSF [EAR 0824299]; Ricardo Perez SA; WBHR-LSAMP Bridge FX We would like to thank DJ. Bohaska of the US National Museum for help in curation of the specimens, as well as S.J. Jabo and P. Kroehler of the US National Museum for help with specimen preparation. D.P. Domning of Howard University also made an initial identification of the sirenian vertebrae and reviewed some parts of the manuscript. We thank the Autoridad del Canal de Panama (ACP) for granting access to the Gaillard Cut fossil locality and Ricardo Perez for donating the Toyota vehicles used in the fieldwork. We would also like to thank Pastora Franceschi and the Panama Canal Authority (ACP) for logistical support and access to the sirenian fossil field site, to Bruce MacFadden for access to the UF Paleontology collection, and to Brian Beatty and Laurel Collins for their constructive comments that helped improve the manuscript. Thanks also to the Direccion de Recursos Minerales MICI for collecting permits. This work was funded by U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) grant 0966884 (OISE, EAR, DRL), the Smithsonian Institution, the Autoridad del Canal de Panama, Mr. Mark Tupper, SENACYT, NSF EAR 0824299, Ricardo Perez SA, a Smithsonian Institution Postdoctoral Fellowship to N. Strong, and the WBHR-LSAMP Bridge to the Doctorate Program to J. Velez-Juarbe. NR 57 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-9811 J9 J S AM EARTH SCI JI J. South Am. Earth Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 3-4 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.jsames.2010.08.002 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 707QD UT WOS:000286300200004 ER PT J AU Brassington, NJ Fabbiano, G Blake, S Zezas, A Angelini, L Davies, RL Gallagher, J Kalogera, V Kim, DW King, AR Kundu, A Trinchieri, G Zepf, S AF Brassington, N. J. Fabbiano, G. Blake, S. Zezas, A. Angelini, L. Davies, R. L. Gallagher, J. Kalogera, V. Kim, D. -W. King, A. R. Kundu, A. Trinchieri, G. Zepf, S. TI THE X-RAY SPECTRA OF THE LUMINOUS LMXBs IN NGC 3379: FIELD AND GLOBULAR CLUSTER SOURCES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (NGC 3379); X-rays: binaries; X-rays: galaxies ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; BLACK-HOLE ACCRETION; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; DEEP CHANDRA; HIGH STATE; MASS; BINARIES; POPULATIONS; CONNECTION; DISTANCES AB From a deep multi-epoch Chandra observation of the elliptical galaxy NGC 3379 we report the spectral properties of eight luminous LMXBs (L-X > 1.2 x 10(38) erg s(-1)). We also present a set of spectral simulations, produced to aid the interpretation of low-count single-component spectral modeling. These simulations demonstrate that it is possible to infer the spectral states of X-ray binaries from these simple models and thereby constrain the properties of the source. Of the eight LMXBs studied, three reside within globular clusters (GCs) and one is a confirmed field source. Due to the nature of the luminosity cut, all sources are either neutron star (NS) binaries emitting at or above the Eddington luminosity or black hole (BH) binaries. The spectra from these sources are well described by single-component models, with parameters consistent with Galactic LMXB observations, where hard-state sources have a range in photon index of 1.5-1.9 and thermally dominant (TD) sources have inner-disk temperatures between similar to 0.7 and 1.55 keV. The large variability observed in the brightest GC source (L-X > 4 x 10(38) erg s(-1)) suggests the presence of a BH binary. At its most luminous this source is observed in a TD state with kT(in) = 1.5 keV, consistent with a BH mass of similar to 4 M-circle dot. This observation provides further evidence that GCs are able to retain such massive binaries. We also observed a source transitioning from a bright state (L-X similar to 1 x 10(39) erg s(-1)), with prominent thermal and non-thermal components, to a less luminous hard state (L-X = 3.8 x 10(38) erg s(-1), Gamma = 1.85). In its high flux emission, this source exhibits a cool-disk component of similar to 0.14 keV, similar to spectra observed in some ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). Such a similarity indicates a possible link between "normal" stellar-mass BHs in a high accretion state and ULXs. C1 [Brassington, N. J.; Fabbiano, G.; Zezas, A.; Kim, D. -W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Blake, S.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Blake, S.; Davies, R. L.] Univ Oxford, Subdept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Zezas, A.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Zezas, A.] Fdn Res & Technol, IESL, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. [Angelini, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Xray Astrophys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gallagher, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kalogera, V.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [King, A. R.] Univ Leicester, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Kundu, A.; Zepf, S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Trinchieri, G.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-20121 Milan, Italy. RP Brassington, NJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM nbrassington@head.cfa.harvard.edu RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011; OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Trinchieri, Ginevra/0000-0002-0227-502X FU University of Southampton; Chandra G0 [G06-7079A, G06-7079B]; NASA [NAS8-39073]; NASA LTSA [NAG5-13056] FX We thank the CXC DS and SDS teams for their efforts in reducing the data and developing the software used for the reduction (SDP) and analysis (CIAO). We thank the anonymous referee whose detailed and careful report has helped improve this paper. This paper is based upon work performed by S.B. while visiting CfA as part of a student program sponsored by the University of Southampton. This work was supported by Chandra G0 grant G06-7079A (PI:Fabbiano) and subcontract G06-7079B (PI:Kalogera). We acknowledge partial support from NASA contract NAS8-39073(CXC). A.Z. acknowledges support from NASA LTSA grant NAG5-13056. NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 2 BP 1805 EP 1823 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/2/1805 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 697GN UT WOS:000285501300038 ER PT J AU Lee, CF Tian, PL Staines, CL AF Lee, Chi-Feng Tian, Pei-Ling Staines, Charles L. TI MONOLEPTA MEIHUAI, A NEW SPECIES FROM TAIWAN, WITH REDESCRIPTION OF ITS SIBLING SPECIES MONOLEPTA MANDIBULARIS CHUJO, 1962 (COLEOPTERA CHRYSOMFLIDAE GALERUCINAE) SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE leaf beetles; Miscanthus sinensis; Alnus formosana; taxonomy ID CHRYSOMELIDAE GALERUCINAE; CHINA AB Monolepta methuai Lee Tian, and Staines new species is described and its sibling species Monolepta mandibularis Chujo 1962 is redescribed Male and female reproductive systems are illustrated in detail The species are distinct biologically by their host associations and times of adult appearance C1 [Lee, Chi-Feng] Agr Res Inst Taiwan, Appl Zool Div, Taichung 413, Wufeng, Taiwan. [Tian, Pei-Ling] Natl Taiwan Univ Jhushan, Expt Forest Coll Bioresources & Agr, Zhushan, Taiwan. [Staines, Charles L.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, MRC 187, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lee, CF (reprint author), Agr Res Inst Taiwan, Appl Zool Div, 189 Chung Cheng Rd, Taichung 413, Wufeng, Taiwan. FU Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan FX We thank the Taiwan Chrysomelid Research Team and the Experimental Forest, National Taiwan University for assistance in collecting materials, including Yu-Chi Chang Hou Jay Chen, Hsueh Lee, Weiting Liu Mei-Hua Tsou and Su Fang Yu We also thank Hsing-Tzung Cheng, Hsueh Lee and Hou-Jay for taking color photographs We also thank Dr Chang-Shen Kuoh and Chih-Kai Yang for identification of host plants, and Dr Munetoshi Maruyama for examination of the holotype of M mandibularis This study was supported financially by the Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers for providing comments on this manuscript NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X EI 1938-4394 J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 64 IS 4 BP 303 EP 311 DI 10.1649/0010-065X-64.4.303 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 702LV UT WOS:000285897100002 ER PT J AU Machida, RJ Nishida, S AF Machida, Ryuji J. Nishida, Shuhei TI Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of the mesopelagic copepod Disseta palumbii in the equatorial western Pacific and adjacent waters: Role of marginal seas in the genetic isolation of mesopelagic animals SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Copepoda; Speciation; Dispersion; Phylogeography ID DIVERSITY; OCEAN; AFLP AB The genetic structure of the mesopelagic copepod Disseta palumbii in the equatorial western Pacific and adjacent marginal seas was examined by the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of 34 individuals from the Philippine Sea (10 individuals), Celebes Sea (10), Sulu Sea (4), and South China Sea (10). Phylogenetic analysis of the scored AFLP results showed two major clades (clades A and B) with six and sixteen alleles that were uniquely observed in clade A and B, respectively. Within clade B. subtle but significant genetic differences between individuals in the Sulu and those in the other seas were also observed, suggesting a role for semienclosed marginal seas in allopatric speciation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Machida, Ryuji J.; Nishida, Shuhei] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778554, Japan. RP Machida, RJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM MachidaR@si.edu FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [20241003]; Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation FX We express our thanks to the captain and crew members of the R.V. Hakuho Maru for their cooperation at sea. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Additional support for this project was provided to R.J.M. by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research no. 20241003 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan and a grant from the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (Multilateral Cooperative Research Program: Coastal Oceanography) awarded to S.N. The Data Integration & Analysis System of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan provided funding to R.J.M. and S.N. This study is a contribution from the Census of Marine Zooplankton (CMarZ), an ocean realm field project of the Census of Marine Life. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 57 IS 24-26 BP 2130 EP 2134 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.09.015 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 699IL UT WOS:000285657000007 ER PT J AU Salami, G AF Salami, Gitti TI Fusions: Masquerades and Thought Style East of the Niger-Benue Confluence, West Africa, vol 2 SO AFRICAN ARTS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Salami, Gitti] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Salami, Gitti] Univ Kansas, Kress Fdn, Dept Art Hist, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Salami, Gitti] Univ Kansas, Dept African & African Amer Studies, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Salami, G (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0001-9933 J9 AFR ARTS JI Afr. Arts PD WIN PY 2010 VL 43 IS 4 BP 88 EP + DI 10.1162/afar.2010.43.4.88 PG 3 WC Art SC Art GA 691HT UT WOS:000285071600011 ER PT J AU Kolowski, JM Blake, S Kock, MD Lee, ME Henderson, A Honorez, A Alonso, A AF Kolowski, Joseph M. Blake, Steve Kock, Michael D. Lee, Michelle E. Henderson, Ann Honorez, Annabelle Alonso, Alfonso TI Movements of four forest elephants in an oil concession in Gabon, Central Africa SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYCLOTIS; CRISIS C1 [Kolowski, Joseph M.; Lee, Michelle E.; Henderson, Ann; Honorez, Annabelle; Alonso, Alfonso] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat Educ & Sustainabil, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Blake, Steve; Kock, Michael D.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Blake, Steve] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. [Blake, Steve] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Blake, Steve] Univ Missouri, Whitney R Harris World Ecol Ctr, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Lee, Michelle E.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Lee, Michelle E.] Ctr Natl Rech Sci & Technol, Inst Rech Ecol Trop, Libreville, Gabon. RP Kolowski, JM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat Educ & Sustainabil, 1100 Jefferson Dr SW,Suite 3123, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM kolowskij@si.edu NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0141-6707 J9 AFR J ECOL JI Afr. J. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1134 EP 1138 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01204.x PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 678YC UT WOS:000284118400035 ER PT J AU Rossato, LV Tedesco, SB Laughinghouse, HD Farias, JG Nicoloso, FT AF Rossato, Liana V. Tedesco, Solange B. Laughinghouse, Haywood D. Farias, Julia G. Nicoloso, Fernando T. TI Alterations in the mitotic index of Allium cepa induced by infusions of Pluchea sagittalis submitted to three different cultivation systems SO ANAIS DA ACADEMIA BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIAS LA English DT Article DE antiproliferative effect; camphorweed; cell cycle; medicinal plant; mutagenicity ID SECONDARY METABOLITES; PLANTS; ACCLIMATIZATION; EXTRACTS; QUITOC; CELLS AB We evaluated the antiproliferative effect of infusions from Pluchea sagittalis using the Allium cepa test. Infusions in three concentrations (2.5, 5, and 25 g dm(-3)) of leaves cultivated in three environments (in vitro, acclimatized growth chamber, and field) were used. Six onion bulbs were used for each of the eight treatments, and the mitotic index was obtained from 6000 cells per treatment. In conclusion, leaf infusions of P. sagittalis cultivated in the field have a high antiproliferative activity, as well as the cultivation system influences the antiproliferative potential. C1 [Nicoloso, Fernando T.] Univ Fed Santa Maria, Lab Biotecnol Vegetal, Dept Biol, BR-97105900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. [Rossato, Liana V.] Univ Fed Santa Maria, Programa Posgrad Ciencias Biol, Dept Biol, BR-97105900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. [Tedesco, Solange B.] Univ Fed Santa Maria, Lab Citogenet Vegetal & Genotoxicidade, Dept Biol, BR-97105900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. [Laughinghouse, Haywood D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Farias, Julia G.] Univ Fed Santa Maria, Programa Posgrad Agrobiol, Dept Biol, BR-97105900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. RP Nicoloso, FT (reprint author), Univ Fed Santa Maria, Lab Biotecnol Vegetal, Dept Biol, Av Roraima 1000, BR-97105900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. EM ftnicoloso@yahoo.com RI Laughinghouse, Haywood/M-5836-2016; OI Laughinghouse, Haywood/0000-0003-1018-6948; Farias, Julia/0000-0002-2268-5501 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACAD BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIAS PI RIO JANEIRO PA RUA ANFILOFIO DE CARVALHO, 29, 3 ANDAR, 20030-060 RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL SN 0001-3765 J9 AN ACAD BRAS CIENC JI An. Acad. Bras. Cienc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 82 IS 4 BP 857 EP 860 DI 10.1590/S0001-37652010000400007 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 693TQ UT WOS:000285248700007 PM 21152759 ER PT J AU Diaz, MP Williams, RE Luna, GJ Moraes, M Takeda, L AF Diaz, M. P. Williams, R. E. Luna, G. J. Moraes, M. Takeda, L. TI THE SPECTRAL EVOLUTION AND EJECTA OF RECURRENT NOVA U Sco IN THE 2010 OUTBURST SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: close; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars: individual (U Sco); stars: mass-loss; X-rays: binaries ID CLASSICAL NOVAE; ORBITAL-PERIOD; SCORPII; REMNANTS; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION; MODELS; GALAXY; PHASE; MAPS AB Synoptic spectroscopic observations of the U Sco 2010 outburst from maximum light to quiescence as well as a contemporaneous X-ray observation are presented and analyzed. The X-ray spectrum 52 days after outburst indicates a hot source ( kT(bb) similar to 70 eV). Narrow-line components from the irradiated companion atmosphere were observed in hydrogen and helium optical recombination lines. The formation of a nebular spectrum is seen for the first time in this class of recurrent novae, allowing a detailed study of the ejecta using photoionization models. Unusual [O III] auroral-to-nebular line ratios were found and possible scenarios of their origin are discussed. The modeling of the emission line spectrum suggests highly heterogeneous ejecta with masses around or above 3 x 10(-6) M(sun). C1 [Diaz, M. P.; Moraes, M.; Takeda, L.] Univ Sao Paulo, IAG, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Williams, R. E.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Luna, G. J.] Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Diaz, MP (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, IAG, Rua Matao 1226, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM marcos@astro.iag.usp.br RI 7, INCT/H-6207-2013; Astrofisica, Inct/H-9455-2013; diaz, marcos/I-7233-2013 FU CNPq [305725] FX We thank the SOAR resident astronomers Tina Armond, Sergio Scarano, and Luciano Fraga for the careful queue mode observations. M.P.D. acknowledges support by CNPq under grant # 305725. We acknowledge with thanks the variable star observations from the AAVSO International Database contributed by observers worldwide and used in this research. This research was based on data obtained at the SOAR telescope. This research has made use of data obtained from the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), provided by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 140 IS 6 BP 1860 EP 1867 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/140/6/1860 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679EK UT WOS:000284143500021 ER PT J AU Eff-Darwich, A Korzennik, SG Garcia, RA AF Eff-Darwich, A. Korzennik, S. G. Garcia, R. A. TI Advances in solar rotation rate inferences: Unstructured grid inversions and improved rotational splittings SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th HELAS International Conference CY FEB 01-05, 2010 CL Canary Islands, SPAIN DE Sun: helioseismology; Sun: interior; Sun: oscillations; Sun: rotation ID MICHELSON DOPPLER IMAGER; DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; OSCILLATIONS; MODES; GONG; GOLF; SUN AB We present a new inversion methodology that adapts the inversion grid in both radius and colatitude to the data set and solves the inversion problem through an iterative procedure. This method was tested on state of the art global mode frequency splittings to assess the solar interior rotation rate and its temporal variation. We also explore the influence of different data sets on the interpretation of the dynamics of the solar interior, particularly the spatial extend of the torsional oscillations. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Eff-Darwich, A.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38200, Spain. [Eff-Darwich, A.] Univ La Laguna, Dpto Edafol & Geol, Tenerife 38200, Spain. [Korzennik, S. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Garcia, R. A.] CE Saclay, Serv Astrophys, CEA DSM DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Paris 07, CEA Saclay, AIM UMR CEA, CNRS,UMR 7158, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Eff-Darwich, A (reprint author), Inst Astrofis Canarias, C Via Lactea S-N, Tenerife 38200, Spain. EM adarwich@iac.es OI Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-8854-3776 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 331 IS 9-10 BP 890 EP 895 DI 10.1002/asna.201011420 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 693GD UT WOS:000285211700006 ER PT J AU Karoff, C Chaplin, WJ Appourchaux, T Elsworth, Y Garcia, RA Houdek, G Metcalfe, TS Molenda-Zakowicz, J Monteiro, MJPFG Thompson, MJ Christensen-Dalsgaard, J Gilliland, RL Kjeldsen, H Basu, S Bedding, TR Campante, TL Eggenberger, P Fletcher, ST Gaulme, P Handberg, R Hekker, S Martic, M Mathur, S Mosser, B Regulo, C Roxburgh, IW Salabert, D Stello, D Verner, GA Belkacem, K Biazzo, K Cunha, MS Gruberbauer, M Guzik, JA Kupka, F Leroy, B Ludwig, HG Mathis, S Noels, A Noyes, RW Cortes, TR Roth, M Sato, KH Schmitt, J Suran, MD Trampedach, R Uytterhoeven, K Ventura, R Wilson, PA AF Karoff, C. Chaplin, W. J. Appourchaux, T. Elsworth, Y. Garcia, R. A. Houdek, G. Metcalfe, T. S. Molenda-Zakowicz, J. Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G. Thompson, M. J. Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. Gilliland, R. L. Kjeldsen, H. Basu, S. Bedding, T. R. Campante, T. L. Eggenberger, P. Fletcher, S. T. Gaulme, P. Handberg, R. Hekker, S. Martic, M. Mathur, S. Mosser, B. Regulo, C. Roxburgh, I. W. Salabert, D. Stello, D. Verner, G. A. Belkacem, K. Biazzo, K. Cunha, M. S. Gruberbauer, M. Guzik, J. A. Kupka, F. Leroy, B. Ludwig, H. -G. Mathis, S. Noels, A. Noyes, R. W. Cortes, T. Roca Roth, M. Sato, K. H. Schmitt, J. Suran, M. D. Trampedach, R. Uytterhoeven, K. Ventura, R. Wilson, P. A. TI Asteroseismology of solar-type stars with Kepler I: Data analysis SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th HELAS International Conference CY FEB 01-05, 2010 CL Canary Islands, SPAIN DE methods: data analysis; stars: interiors; stars: late-type; stars: oscillations ID STELLAR OSCILLATIONS; PARAMETERS; SUN AB We report on the first asteroseismic analysis of solar-type stars observed by Kepler. Observations of three G-type stars, made at one-minute cadence during the first 33.5 days of science operations, reveal high signal-to-noise solar-like oscillation spectra in all three stars: About 20 modes of oscillation can clearly be distinguished in each star. We discuss the appearance of the oscillation spectra, including the presence of a possible signature of faculae, and the presence of mixed modes in one of the three stars. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Karoff, C.; Chaplin, W. J.; Elsworth, Y.; Hekker, S.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Karoff, C.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.; Kjeldsen, H.; Campante, T. L.; Handberg, R.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Appourchaux, T.; Gaulme, P.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, UMR8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Garcia, R. A.; Sato, K. H.; Uytterhoeven, K.] Univ Paris 07, Lab AIM, CEA DSM CNRS, IRFU SAp SEDI,Ctr Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Houdek, G.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Metcalfe, T. S.; Mathur, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Metcalfe, T. S.; Mathur, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Molenda-Zakowicz, J.] Univ Wroclaw, Astron Inst, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. [Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G.; Campante, T. L.; Cunha, M. S.] Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. [Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G.; Campante, T. L.; Cunha, M. S.] Univ Porto, DFA Fac Ciencias, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. [Thompson, M. J.] Univ Sheffield, Sch Math & Stat, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. [Gilliland, R. L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Basu, S.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Bedding, T. R.; Stello, D.] Univ Sydney, Sydney Inst Astron SIfA, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Eggenberger, P.] Univ Geneva, Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. [Fletcher, S. T.] Sheffield Hallam Univ, Mat Engn Res Inst, Fac Arts Comp Engn & Sci, Sheffield S1 1WB, S Yorkshire, England. [Martic, M.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, LATMOS IPSL, CNRS, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. [Mosser, B.; Leroy, B.] Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris 06, LESIA, CNRS,Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Regulo, C.; Salabert, D.; Cortes, T. Roca] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. [Regulo, C.; Salabert, D.; Cortes, T. Roca] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain. [Roxburgh, I. W.; Verner, G. A.] Queen Mary Univ London, Astron Unit, London E1 4NS, England. [Belkacem, K.; Noels, A.] Univ Liege, Dept Astrophys Geophys & Oceanog AGO, B-4000 Liege 1, Belgium. [Biazzo, K.] Arcetri Astrophys Observ, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Gruberbauer, M.] St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Guzik, J. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kupka, F.] Univ Vienna, Fac Math, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Ludwig, H. -G.] Heidelberg Univ, ZAH Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Mathis, S.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA DSM, CNRS,IRFU SAp Ctr Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Noyes, R. W.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA USA. [Roth, M.] Kiepenheuer Inst Sonnenphys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Schmitt, J.] Observ Haute Provence, St Michel Observ, F-04870 St Michel, France. [Suran, M. D.] Acad Romana, Astron Inst, RO-40557 Bucharest, Romania. [Trampedach, R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ventura, R.] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Wilson, P. A.] Nord Opt Telescope, E-38700 Santa Cruz De La Palma, Santa Cruz Tene, Spain. [Wilson, P. A.] Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. RP Karoff, C (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM karoff@bison.ph.bham.ac.uk RI Monteiro, Mario J.P.F.G./B-4715-2008; Basu, Sarbani/B-8015-2014; Ventura, Rita/B-7524-2016; OI Bedding, Tim/0000-0001-5222-4661; Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-8854-3776; Monteiro, Mario J.P.F.G./0000-0003-0513-8116; Basu, Sarbani/0000-0002-6163-3472; Ventura, Rita/0000-0002-5152-0482; Biazzo, Katia/0000-0002-1892-2180; Bedding, Timothy/0000-0001-5943-1460; Cunha, Margarida/0000-0001-8237-7343; Metcalfe, Travis/0000-0003-4034-0416; Karoff, Christoffer/0000-0003-2009-7965 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 331 IS 9-10 BP 972 EP 976 DI 10.1002/asna.201011438 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 693GD UT WOS:000285211700023 ER PT J AU Stello, D Basu, S Bedding, TR Brogaard, K Bruntt, H Chaplin, WJ Christensen-Dalsgaard, J Demarque, P Elsworth, YP Garcia, RA Gilliland, RL Hekker, S Huber, D Karoff, C Kjeldsen, H Lebreton, Y Mathur, S Meibom, S Molenda-Zakowicz, J Noels, A Roxburgh, IW Aguirre, VS Sterken, C Szabo, R AF Stello, D. Basu, S. Bedding, T. R. Brogaard, K. Bruntt, H. Chaplin, W. J. Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. Demarque, P. Elsworth, Y. P. Garcia, R. A. Gilliland, R. L. Hekker, S. Huber, D. Karoff, C. Kjeldsen, H. Lebreton, Y. Mathur, S. Meibom, S. Molenda-Zakowicz, J. Noels, A. Roxburgh, I. W. Aguirre, V. S. Sterken, C. Szabo, R. TI Solar-like oscillations in cluster stars SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th HELAS International Conference CY FEB 01-05, 2010 CL Canary Islands, SPAIN DE open clusters and associations: individual (NGC 6819); stars: fundamental parameters; stars: interiors; stars: oscillations; techniques: photometric ID GLOBULAR-CLUSTER; K-GIANTS; NGC 6819; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; PHOTOMETRY; SEARCH; M67 AB We present a brief overview of the history of attempts to obtain a clear detection of solar-like oscillations in cluster stars, and discuss the results on the first clear detection, which was made by the Kepler Asteroseismic Science Consortium (KASC) Working Group 2. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Stello, D.; Bedding, T. R.; Huber, D.] Univ Sydney, Sydney Inst Astron SIfA, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Basu, S.; Demarque, P.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Brogaard, K.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.; Kjeldsen, H.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Bruntt, H.] Univ Paris 07, Univ Pierre & Marie Curie, CNRS, LESIA,Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Chaplin, W. J.; Elsworth, Y. P.; Hekker, S.; Karoff, C.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Garcia, R. A.] Univ Paris 7 Diderot, CEA DSM CNRS, Lab AIM, IRFU SAp,Ctr Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Gilliland, R. L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Lebreton, Y.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, GEPI, Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Mathur, S.] NCAR, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Meibom, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Molenda-Zakowicz, J.] Uniwersytetu Wroclawskiego, Inst Astron, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. [Noels, A.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Roxburgh, I. W.] Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. [Aguirre, V. S.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Sterken, C.] Vrije Univ Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Szabo, R.] Konkoly Observ Budapest, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. RP Stello, D (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sydney Inst Astron SIfA, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM stello@physics.usyd.edu.au RI Basu, Sarbani/B-8015-2014; Lebreton, Yveline/N-2268-2014; OI Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-8854-3776; Basu, Sarbani/0000-0002-6163-3472; Brogaard, Karsten/0000-0003-2001-0276; Bedding, Timothy/0000-0001-5943-1460; Szabo, Robert/0000-0002-3258-1909; Karoff, Christoffer/0000-0003-2009-7965; Bedding, Tim/0000-0001-5222-4661 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 331 IS 9-10 BP 985 EP 988 DI 10.1002/asna.201011442 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 693GD UT WOS:000285211700026 ER PT J AU Raiteri, CM Villata, M Bruschini, L Capetti, A Kurtanidze, OM Larionov, VM Romano, P Vercellone, S Agudo, I Aller, HD Aller, MF Arkharov, AA Bach, U Berdyugin, A Blinov, DA Bottcher, M Buemi, CS Calcidese, P Carosati, D Casas, R Chen, WP Coloma, J Diltz, C Di Paola, A Dolci, M Efimova, NV Forne, E Gomez, JL Gurwell, MA Hakola, A Hovatta, T Hsiao, HY Jordan, B Jorstad, SG Koptelova, E Kurtanidze, SO Lahteenmaki, A Larionova, EG Leto, P Lindfors, E Ligustri, R Marscher, AP Morozova, DA Nikolashvili, MG Nilsson, K Ros, JA Roustazadeh, P Sadun, AC Sillanpaa, A Sainio, J Takalo, LO Tornikoski, M Trigilio, C Troitsky, IS Umana, G AF Raiteri, C. M. Villata, M. Bruschini, L. Capetti, A. Kurtanidze, O. M. Larionov, V. M. Romano, P. Vercellone, S. Agudo, I. Aller, H. D. Aller, M. F. Arkharov, A. A. Bach, U. Berdyugin, A. Blinov, D. A. Boettcher, M. Buemi, C. S. Calcidese, P. Carosati, D. Casas, R. Chen, W. -P. Coloma, J. Diltz, C. Di Paola, A. Dolci, M. Efimova, N. V. Forne, E. Gomez, J. L. Gurwell, M. A. Hakola, A. Hovatta, T. Hsiao, H. Y. Jordan, B. Jorstad, S. G. Koptelova, E. Kurtanidze, S. O. Lahteenmaki, A. Larionova, E. G. Leto, P. Lindfors, E. Ligustri, R. Marscher, A. P. Morozova, D. A. Nikolashvili, M. G. Nilsson, K. Ros, J. A. Roustazadeh, P. Sadun, A. C. Sillanpaa, A. Sainio, J. Takalo, L. O. Tornikoski, M. Trigilio, C. Troitsky, I. S. Umana, G. TI Another look at the BL Lacertae flux and spectral variability Observations by GASP-WEBT, XMM-Newton, and Swift in 2008-2009 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; BL Lacertae objects: general; BL Lacertae objects: individual: BL Lacertae; galaxies: jets ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; RADIO LIGHT CURVES; GAMMA-RAY OUTBURST; 3C 454.3; HELICAL JETS; INNER JET; BLAZARS; FLARE; TELESCOPE AB Aims. In a previous study we suggested that the broad-band emission and variability properties of BL Lacertae can be accounted for by a double synchrotron emission component with related inverse-Compton emission from the jet, plus thermal radiation from the accretion disc. Here we investigate the matter with further data extending over a wider energy range. Methods. The GLAST-AGILE Support Program (GASP) of the whole earth blazar telescope (WEBT) monitored BL Lacertae in 2008-2009 at radio, near-IR, and optical frequencies to follow its flux behaviour. During this period, high-energy observations were performed by XMM-Newton, Swift, and Fermi. We analyse these data with particular attention to the calibration of Swift UV data, and apply a helical jet model to interpret the source broad-band variability. Results. The GASP-WEBT observations show an optical flare in 2008 February-March, and oscillations of several tenths of mag on a few-day time scale afterwards. The radio flux is only mildly variable. The UV data from both XMM-Newton and Swift seem to confirm a UV excess that is likely caused by thermal emission from the accretion disc. The X-ray data from XMM-Newton indicate a strongly concave spectrum, as well as moderate (similar to 4-7%) flux variability on an hour time scale. The Swift X-ray data reveal fast (interday) flux changes, not correlated with those observed at lower energies. We compare the spectral energy distribution (SED) corresponding to the 2008 low-brightness state, which was characterised by a synchrotron dominance, to the 1997 outburst state, where the inverse-Compton emission was prevailing. A fit with an inhomogeneous helical jet model suggests that two synchrotron components are at work with their self inverse-Compton emission. Most likely, they represent the radiation from two distinct emitting regions in the jet. We show that the difference between the source SEDs in 2008 and 1997 can be explained in terms of pure geometrical variations. The outburst state occurred when the jet-emitting regions were better aligned with the line of sight, producing an increase of the Doppler beaming factor. Conclusions. Our analysis demonstrates that the jet geometry can play an extremely important role in the BL Lacertae flux and spectral variability. Indeed, the emitting jet is probably a bent and dynamic structure, and hence changes in the emitting regions viewing angles are likely to happen, with strong consequences on the source multiwavelength behaviour. C1 [Raiteri, C. M.; Villata, M.; Capetti, A.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Torino, Turin, Italy. [Bruschini, L.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen, I-10124 Turin, Italy. [Larionov, V. M.; Blinov, D. A.; Efimova, N. V.; Larionova, E. G.; Morozova, D. A.; Troitsky, I. S.] St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Larionov, V. M.; Arkharov, A. A.; Efimova, N. V.] Pulkovo Observ, St Petersburg, Russia. [Larionov, V. M.] St Petersburg Branch, Isaac Newton Inst Chile, St Petersburg, Russia. [Romano, P.; Vercellone, S.] INAF IASF Palermo, Palermo, Italy. [Agudo, I.; Jorstad, S. G.; Marscher, A. P.] Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Agudo, I.; Gomez, J. L.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain. [Aller, H. D.; Aller, M. F.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bach, U.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Berdyugin, A.; Hakola, A.; Lindfors, E.; Sillanpaa, A.; Sainio, J.; Takalo, L. O.] Univ Turku, Tuorla Observ, Dept Phys & Astron, SF-20500 Turku, Finland. [Boettcher, M.; Diltz, C.; Roustazadeh, P.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Buemi, C. S.; Leto, P.; Trigilio, C.; Umana, G.] Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, Catania, Italy. [Casas, R.] Inst Ciencies Espai CSIC IEEC, Madrid, Spain. [Chen, W. -P.; Hsiao, H. Y.; Koptelova, E.] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Astron, Chungli, Taiwan. [Di Paola, A.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, Rome, Italy. [Dolci, M.] Osservatorio Astron Collurania Teramo, INAF, Teramo, Italy. [Gurwell, M. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hovatta, T.; Lahteenmaki, A.] Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, Helsinki, Finland. [Hovatta, T.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hsiao, H. Y.] Natl Cent Univ, Lulin Observ, Chungli, Taiwan. [Jordan, B.] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Sch Cosm Phys, Dublin, Ireland. [Nilsson, K.] Univ Turku, Finnish Ctr Astron ESO FINCA, SF-20500 Turku, Finland. [Sadun, A. C.] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Phys, Denver, CO USA. RP Raiteri, CM (reprint author), INAF Osservatorio Astron Torino, Turin, Italy. EM raiteri@oato.inaf.it RI Blinov, Dmitry/G-9925-2013; Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013; Kurtanidze, Omar/J-6237-2014; Agudo, Ivan/G-1701-2015; Morozova, Daria/H-1298-2013; Troitskiy, Ivan/K-7979-2013; Jorstad, Svetlana/H-6913-2013; Larionov, Valeri/H-1349-2013; Larionova, Elena/H-7287-2013; Efimova, Natalia/I-2196-2013 OI Villata, Massimo/0000-0003-1743-6946; Di Paola, Andrea/0000-0002-2189-8644; capetti, alessandro/0000-0003-3684-4275; Leto, Paolo/0000-0003-4864-2806; Vercellone, Stefano/0000-0003-1163-1396; Raiteri, Claudia Maria/0000-0003-1784-2784; Blinov, Dmitry/0000-0003-0611-5784; Agudo, Ivan/0000-0002-3777-6182; Morozova, Daria/0000-0002-9407-7804; Troitskiy, Ivan/0000-0002-4218-0148; Jorstad, Svetlana/0000-0001-9522-5453; Dolci, Mauro/0000-0001-8000-5642; Larionov, Valeri/0000-0002-4640-4356; Larionova, Elena/0000-0002-2471-6500; Umana, Grazia/0000-0002-6972-8388; Efimova, Natalia/0000-0002-8071-4753 FU Italian Space Agency [ASI-INAF I/088/06/0]; Georgian National Science Foundation [GNSF/ST08/4-404]; Russian RFBR foundation [09-02-00092]; Taiwan National Science Council [96-2811-M-008-033]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; Regional Government of Andalucia [AYA2007-67626-C03-03, P09-FQM-4784]; Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica; NASA [NNX08AV65G, NNX08AV61G]; NSF [AST-0907893]; Academy of Finland [212656, 210338] FX We acknowledge Ann E. Wehrle for useful comments. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. The Torino and Palermo teams acknowledge financial support by the Italian Space Agency through contract ASI-INAF I/088/06/0 for the Study of High-Energy Astrophysics. The Abastumani Observatory team acknowledges financial support by the Georgian National Science Foundation through grant GNSF/ST08/4-404. St. Petersburg University team acknowledges support from Russian RFBR foundation via grant 09-02-00092. AZT-24 observations are made within an agreement between Pulkovo, Rome and Teramo observatories. This work was partly supported by the Taiwan National Science Council grant No. 96-2811-M-008-033. This paper is partly based on observations carried out at the German-Spanish Calar Alto Observatory, which is jointly operated by the MPIA and the IAA-CSIC. Acquisition of the MAPCAT data is supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Regional Government of Andalucia through grants AYA2007-67626-C03-03 and P09-FQM-4784, respectively. The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. The BU team acknowledges financial support by NASA through Fermi Guest Investigator grants NNX08AV65G and NNX08AV61G and by the NSF through grant AST-0907893. The Metsahovi team acknowledges the support from the Academy of Finland to our observing projects (numbers 212656, 210338, and others). NR 54 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 524 AR A43 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015191 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 685JP UT WOS:000284625300063 ER PT J AU Butt, YM AF Butt, Yousaf M. TI COSMIC RAY ACCELERATORS IN THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; Magellanic Clouds; ISM: bubbles; ISM: supernova remnants ID PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; ENERGY-CRISIS; SUPERBUBBLES; REACCELERATION; PROPAGATION; SPECTRA; GALAXY AB I point out a correlation between the similar to 100 MeV-10 GeV gamma-ray emissivity and the historical star formation rate (SFR) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) similar to 12.5 Myr ago. This correlation bolsters the view that cosmic rays (CRs) in the LMC may be accelerated by conglomerations of supernova remnants (i.e., superbubbles), although it cannot yet be ruled out that other objects-also residing in such high SFR regions-may be responsible for accelerating the particles: indeed, most energetic objects capable of accelerating CRs are expected to reside in high SFR regions. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Butt, YM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ybutt@cfa.harvard.edu FU NASA FX I acknowledge partial support from a NASA Long-Term Space Astrophysics Grant, and also thank You-Hua Chu and Robert Gruendl for insightful discussions. The comments of an anonymous referee are appreciated. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 684UN UT WOS:000284576700001 ER PT J AU Bietenholz, MF Soderberg, AM Bartel, N Ellingsen, SP Horiuchi, S Phillips, CJ Tzioumis, AK Wieringa, MH Chugai, NN AF Bietenholz, M. F. Soderberg, A. M. Bartel, N. Ellingsen, S. P. Horiuchi, S. Phillips, C. J. Tzioumis, A. K. Wieringa, M. H. Chugai, N. N. TI VLBI OBSERVATIONS OF THE TYPE I b/c SUPERNOVA 2009bb SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: general; ISM: supernova remnants; radio continuum: stars; supernovae: individual (sn2009bb) ID GAMMA-RAY-BURST; SN 1993J VLBI; CANDIDATE; SN-2001EM; EVOLUTION; 1998BW; 2007GR; SHELL; JET AB We report on VLBI as well as Very Large Array radio observations of the Type I b/c supernova 2009bb. The high radio luminosity of this supernova seems to require relativistic outflow, implying that the early radio emission was "engine-driven," that is, driven by collimated outflow from a compact object, even though no gamma-ray emission was seen. The radio light curve shows a general decline, with a "bump" near t = 52 d, seen most prominently at 5 GHz. The light-curve bump could be either engine-driven or it might represent the turn-on of the normal radio emission from a supernova, driven by interaction with the circumstellar material rather than by the engine. We undertook VLBI observations to resolve SN 2009bb's relativistic outflow. Our observations constrain the angular outer radius at an age of 85 d to be <0.64 mas, corresponding to <4 x 10(17) cm and an average apparent expansion speed of <1.74 c. This result is consistent with the moderately relativistic ejecta speeds implied by the radio luminosity and spectrum. C1 [Bietenholz, M. F.] Hartebeesthoek Radio Observ, ZA-1740 Krugersdorp, South Africa. [Bietenholz, M. F.; Bartel, N.] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Soderberg, A. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Div Theory, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ellingsen, S. P.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Horiuchi, S.] Canberra Deep Space Commun Complex, Tuggeranong, ACT 2901, Australia. [Phillips, C. J.; Tzioumis, A. K.; Wieringa, M. H.] Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia. [Chugai, N. N.] RAS, Inst Astron, Moscow 119017, Russia. RP Bietenholz, MF (reprint author), Hartebeesthoek Radio Observ, POB 443, ZA-1740 Krugersdorp, South Africa. RI Ellingsen, Simon/J-7754-2014 OI Ellingsen, Simon/0000-0002-1363-5457 FU Associated Universities, Inc FX The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 1 BP 4 EP 10 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/4 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 684UN UT WOS:000284576700002 ER PT J AU Galvan-Madrid, R Zhang, QZ Keto, E Ho, PTP Zapata, LA Rodriguez, LF Pineda, JE Vazquez-Semadeni, E AF Galvan-Madrid, Roberto Zhang, Qizhou Keto, Eric Ho, Paul T. P. Zapata, Luis A. Rodriguez, Luis F. Pineda, Jaime E. Vazquez-Semadeni, Enrique TI FROM THE CONVERGENCE OF FILAMENTS TO DISK-OUTFLOW ACCRETION: MASSIVE STAR FORMATION IN W33A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE H II regions; ISM: individual objects (W33A); stars: formation ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; COLLIMATED JET SOURCE; H-II REGION; FORMING REGIONS; TIME-VARIATION; HII-REGIONS; RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS; CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS; SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY; RADIO-CONTINUUM AB Interferometric observations of the W33A massive star formation region, performed with the Submillimeter Array and the Very Large Array at resolutions from 5 '' (0.1 pc) to 0 ''.5 (0.01 pc), are presented. Our three main findings are: (1) parsec-scale, filamentary structures of cold molecular gas are detected. Two filaments at different velocities intersect in the zone where the star formation is occurring. This is consistent with triggering of the star formation activity by the convergence of such filaments, as predicted by numerical simulations of star formation initiated by converging flows. (2) The two dusty cores (MM1 and MM2) at the intersection of the filaments are found to be at different evolutionary stages, and each of them is resolved into multiple condensations. MM1 and MM2 have markedly different temperatures, continuum spectral indices, molecular-line spectra, and masses of both stars and gas. (3) The dynamics of the "hot-core" MM1 indicates the presence of a rotating disk in its center (MM1-Main) around a faint free-free source. The stellar mass is estimated to be similar to 10 M-circle dot. A massive molecular outflow is observed along the rotation axis of the disk. C1 [Galvan-Madrid, Roberto; Zhang, Qizhou; Keto, Eric; Ho, Paul T. P.; Pineda, Jaime E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Galvan-Madrid, Roberto; Zapata, Luis A.; Rodriguez, Luis F.; Vazquez-Semadeni, Enrique] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Morelia 58090, Michoacan, Mexico. [Galvan-Madrid, Roberto; Ho, Paul T. P.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Zapata, Luis A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Galvan-Madrid, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rgalvan@cfa.harvard.edu RI Pineda, Jaime/J-7405-2013; OI Pineda, Jaime/0000-0002-3972-1978; Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 FU SAO; ASIAA; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NSF [AF002, AST-9613615]; Fundacion Andes [C-13442]; NRAO [GSSP06-0015, GSSP08-0031] FX R.G.M. acknowledges support from SAO and ASIAA through an SMA predoctoral fellowship. J.E.P. is supported by the NSF through grant AF002 from the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NSF cooperative agreement AST-9613615 and by Fundacion Andes under project no. C-13442. Support for this work was provided by the NSF through awards GSSP06-0015 and GSSP08-0031 from the NRAO. NR 67 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 1 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/17 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 684UN UT WOS:000284576700004 ER PT J AU De Breuck, C Seymour, N Stern, D Willner, SP Eisenhardt, PRM Fazio, GG Galametz, A Lacy, M Rettura, A Rocca-Volmerange, B Vernet, J AF De Breuck, Carlos Seymour, Nick Stern, Daniel Willner, S. P. Eisenhardt, P. R. M. Fazio, G. G. Galametz, Audrey Lacy, Mark Rettura, Alessandro Rocca-Volmerange, Brigitte Vernet, Joeel TI THE SPITZER HIGH-REDSHIFT RADIO GALAXY SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: high-redshift; radio continuum: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; K-Z RELATION; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; X-RAY; SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMATION; SKY SURVEY; KECK SPECTROPOLARIMETRY AB We present results from a comprehensive imaging survey of 70 radio galaxies at redshifts 1 < z < 5.2 using all three cameras on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. The resulting spectral energy distributions unambiguously show a stellar population in 46 sources and hot dust emission associated with the active nucleus in 59. Using a new rest-frame S-3 (mu m)/S-1.6 (mu m) versus S-5 (mu m)/S-3 (mu m) criterion, we identify 42 sources where the rest-frame 1.6 (mu m) emission from the stellar population can be measured. For these radio galaxies, the median stellar mass is high, 2 x 10(11) M-circle dot, and remarkably constant within the range 1 < z < 3. At z > 3, there is tentative evidence for a factor of two decrease in stellar mass. This suggests that radio galaxies have assembled the bulk of their stellar mass by z similar to 3, but confirmation by more detailed decomposition of stellar and active galactic nucleus (AGN) emission is needed. The rest-frame 500 MHz radio luminosities are only marginally correlated with stellar mass but are strongly correlated with the rest-frame 5 mu m hot dust luminosity. This suggests that the radio galaxies have a large range of Eddington ratios. We also present new Very Large Array 4.86 and 8.46 GHz imaging of 14 radio galaxies and find that radio core dominance-an indicator of jet orientation-is strongly correlated with hot dust luminosity. While all of our targets were selected as narrow-lined, type 2 AGNs, this result can be understood in the context of orientation-dependent models if there is a continuous distribution of orientations from obscured type 2 to unobscured type 1 AGNs rather than a clear dichotomy. Finally, four radio galaxies have nearby (<6 '') companions whose mid-IR colors are suggestive of their being AGNs. This may indicate an association between radio galaxy activity and major mergers. C1 [De Breuck, Carlos; Galametz, Audrey; Vernet, Joeel] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Seymour, Nick] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Stern, Daniel; Eisenhardt, P. R. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Willner, S. P.; Fazio, G. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lacy, Mark] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Rettura, Alessandro] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys & Astron, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Rocca-Volmerange, Brigitte] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Rocca-Volmerange, Brigitte] Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP De Breuck, C (reprint author), European So Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM cdebreuc@eso.org OI Vernet, Joel/0000-0002-8639-8560; Seymour, Nicholas/0000-0003-3506-5536; De Breuck, Carlos/0000-0002-6637-3315 FU NASA through Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech FX C.D.B. and N.S. thank the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the California Institute of Technology for their hospitality during an extended visit in Spring 2010. We thank Patrick Ogle for stimulating discussions. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope and made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED). Both NED and Spitzer are operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech under contracts with NASA. The work of D. S. and P. R. M. E. was carried out at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. NR 125 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 1 BP 36 EP 62 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/36 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 684UN UT WOS:000284576700006 ER PT J AU Shen, Y Loeb, A AF Shen, Yue Loeb, Abraham TI IDENTIFYING SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE BINARIES WITH BROAD EMISSION LINE DIAGNOSIS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; galaxies: active; quasars: general; surveys ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DOUBLE-PEAKED EMITTER; QUASAR SDSS J1536+0441; GALAXY MERGERS; REGION; REVERBERATION; DISCOVERY; SYSTEM; MASSES; GAS AB Double-peaked broad emission lines in active galactic nuclei may indicate the existence of a bound supermassive black hole (SMBH) binary where two distinct broad-line regions (BLRs) contribute together to the line profile. An alternative interpretation is a disk emitter origin for the double-peaked line profile. Using simple BLR models, we calculate the expected broad line profile for an SMBH binary at different separations. Under reasonable assumptions that both BLRs are illuminated by the two active SMBHs and that the ionizing flux at the BLR location is roughly constant, we confirm the emergence of double-peaked features and radial velocity drifts of the two peaks due to the binary orbital motion. However, such a clear double-peaked feature only arises in a particular stage of the binary evolution when the two black holes (BHs) are close enough such that the line-of-sight orbital velocity difference is larger than the FWHM of the individual broad components, while the two BLRs are still mostly distinct. Prior to this stage, the velocity splitting due to the orbit motion of the binary is too small to separate the emission from the two BLRs, leading to asymmetric broad line profiles in general. When the two BHs are even closer such that the two BLRs can no longer be distinct, the line profile becomes more complex and the splitting of the peaks does not correspond to the orbital motion of the binary. In this regime, there are no coherent radial velocity drifts in the peaks with time. Asymmetric line profiles are probably a far more common signature of binary SMBHs than double-peaked profiles. We discuss the temporal variations of the broad line profile for binary SMBHs and highlight the different behaviors of reverberation mapping in the binary and disk emitter cases, which may serve as a feasible tool to disentangle these two scenarios. C1 [Shen, Yue; Loeb, Abraham] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Shen, Y (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 51, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU NSF [AST-0907890]; NASA [NNX08AL43G, NNA09DB30A]; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) FX We thank the anonymous referee for constructive comments that improved the manuscript. Y.S. acknowledges support from a Clay Postdoctoral Fellowship through the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO). This work was supported in part by NSF grant AST-0907890 and NASA grants NNX08AL43G and NNA09DB30A (A.L.). NR 57 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 1 BP 249 EP 260 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/249 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 684UN UT WOS:000284576700042 ER PT J AU D'Onghia, E Vogelsberger, M Faucher-Giguere, CA Hernquist, L AF D'Onghia, Elena Vogelsberger, Mark Faucher-Giguere, Claude-Andre Hernquist, Lars TI QUASI-RESONANT THEORY OF TIDAL INTERACTIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: interactions; galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; methods: analytical ID DARK-MATTER HALOS; MILKY-WAY; MERGER REMNANTS; GALAXIES; TAILS; ENCOUNTERS; CAPTURE; SHELLS; DISK; SIMULATIONS AB When a spinning system experiences a transient gravitational encounter with an external perturber, a quasi-resonance occurs if the spin frequency of the victim roughly matches the peak angular speed of the perturber. Such encounters are responsible for the formation of long tails and bridges during galaxy collisions. For high-speed encounters, the resulting velocity perturbations can be described by the impulse approximation. The traditional impulse approximation, however, does not distinguish between prograde and retrograde encounters, and therefore completely misses the resonant response. Here, we modify the impulse approximation to include the effects of quasi-resonant phenomena on stars orbiting within a disk. Explicit expressions are derived for the velocity and energy changes to the stars induced by tidal forces from an external gravitational perturber passing either on a straight line or a parabolic orbit. Comparisons with numerical-restricted three-body calculations illustrate the applicability of our analysis. C1 [D'Onghia, Elena; Vogelsberger, Mark; Faucher-Giguere, Claude-Andre; Hernquist, Lars] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Faucher-Giguere, Claude-Andre] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP D'Onghia, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM edonghia@cfa.harvard.edu FU Keck Foundation; Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science; Harvard Merit Fellowship; FQRNT FX We thank Alar Toomre and Avi Loeb for valuable advice. E.D. acknowledges support from the Keck Foundation. C.A.F.G. is supported by a fellowship from the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, and received further support from the Harvard Merit Fellowship and FQRNT during the course of this work. NR 45 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 1 BP 353 EP 368 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/353 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 684UN UT WOS:000284576700052 ER PT J AU Seth, AC AF Seth, Anil C. TI GAS ACCRETION IN THE M32 NUCLEUS: PAST AND PRESENT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: formation; galaxies: individual (M32); galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; galaxies: nuclei ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SIGHT VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS; MASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; STELLAR POPULATION; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; NEARBY GALAXIES; STAR-CLUSTERS AB Using adaptive optics assisted Gemini/NIFS data, I study the present and past gas accretion in the central 3 '' of the M32 nucleus. From changes in the spectral slope and CO line depths near the center, I find evidence for unresolved dust emission resulting from black hole (BH) accretion. With a luminosity of similar to 2x10(38) erg s(-1), this dust emission appears to be the most luminous tracer of current BH accretion, 2 orders of magnitude more luminous than previously detected X-ray emission. These observations suggest that using high-resolution infrared data to search for dust emission may be an effective way to detect other nearby, low-luminosity BHs, such as those in globular clusters. I also examine the fossil evidence of gas accretion contained in the kinematics of the stars in the nucleus. The higher order moments (h3 and h4) of the line-of-sight velocity distribution show patterns that are remarkably similar to those seen on larger scales in elliptical galaxies and in gas-rich merger simulations. The kinematics suggests the presence of two components in the M32 nucleus, a dominant disk overlying a pressure supported component. I discuss possible formation scenarios for the M32 nucleus in the context of the kinematic data as well as previous stellar population studies. The kinematic measurements presented here are the highest quality available for the nucleus of M32, and may be useful for any future dynamical models of this benchmark system. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Seth, AC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU Smithsonian Institute FX The author thanks the referee, Luis Ho, for improving this paper. He also thanks Loren Hoffman for sharing her simulation data and Michele Cappellari, Davor Krajnovic, Jay Strader, Nelson Caldwell, Knut Olsen, Hagai Perets, and Margaret Geller for helpful discussions. The author is supported by a fellowship from the Smithsonian Institute. NR 69 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 1 BP 670 EP 676 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/670 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 684UN UT WOS:000284576700078 ER PT J AU Hahn, M Bryans, P Landi, E Miralles, MP Savin, DW AF Hahn, M. Bryans, P. Landi, E. Miralles, M. P. Savin, D. W. TI PROPERTIES OF A POLAR CORONAL HOLE DURING THE SOLAR MINIMUM IN 2007 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: abundances; Sun: activity; Sun: corona ID COLLISIONAL IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM; ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING SPECTROMETER; AN ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; RATE COEFFICIENTS; ION TEMPERATURES; SOHO MISSION; CHIANTI; WIND; SUMER AB We report measurements of a polar coronal hole during the recent solar minimum using the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode. Five observations are analyzed that span the polar coronal hole from the central meridian to the boundary with the quiet-Sun corona. We study the observations above the solar limb in the height range of 1.03-1.20R(circle dot). The electron temperature T-e and emission measure (EM) are found using a geometric mean emission measure method. The EM derived from the elements Fe, Si, S, and Al are compared in order to measure relative coronal-to-photospheric abundance enhancement factors. We also studied the ion temperature T-i and the non-thermal velocity v(nt) using the line profiles. All these measurements are compared to polar coronal hole observations from the previous (1996-1997) solar minimum and to model predictions for relative abundances. There are many similarities in the physical properties of the polar coronal holes between the two minima at these low heights. We find that the electron density, T-e, and Ti are comparable in both minima. T-e shows a comparable gradient with height. Both minima show a decreasing Ti with increasing charge-to-mass ratio q/M. A previously observed upturn of Ti for ions above q/M > 0.25 was not found here. We also compared relative coronal-to-photospheric elemental abundance enhancement factors for a number of elements. These ratios were similar to 1 for both the low first ionization potential (FIP) elements Si and Al and the marginally high FIP element S relative to the low FIP element Fe, as is expected based on earlier observations and models for a polar coronal hole. These results are consistent with no FIP effect in a polar coronal hole. C1 [Hahn, M.; Savin, D. W.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Bryans, P.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Landi, E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Miralles, M. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hahn, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, MC 5247,550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011; Savin, Daniel/B-9576-2012; Bryans, Paul/C-9196-2012; Hahn, Michael /A-6038-2013 OI Savin, Daniel/0000-0002-1111-6610; FU NASA; Naval Research Laboratory FX We thank S. R. Cranmer and J. M. Laming for stimulating discussions. M. H. and D. W. S. were supported in part by the NASA Solar Heliospheric Physics program. The work of E. L. and M. P. M. is supported by several NASA grants. The work of P. B. was performed under contract with the Naval Research Laboratory and was funded by NASA. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 1 BP 774 EP 786 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/774 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 684UN UT WOS:000284576700086 ER PT J AU Leonidaki, I Zezas, A Boumis, P AF Leonidaki, I. Zezas, A. Boumis, P. TI A MULTIWAVELENGTH STUDY OF SUPERNOVA REMNANTS IN SIX NEARBY GALAXIES. I. DETECTION OF NEW X-RAY-SELECTED SUPERNOVA REMNANTS WITH CHANDRA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (NGC 2403, NGC 4214, NGC 4395, NGC 4449, NGC 3077, NGC 5204); galaxies: star formation; ISM: supernova remnants; X-rays: galaxies; X-rays: ISM ID DWARF STARBURST GALAXY; SPIRAL GALAXIES; NOVA REMNANT; IRREGULAR GALAXIES; IRAS OBSERVATIONS; LIKELIHOOD RATIO; DISTANCE SCALE; STAR-FORMATION; RADIO SEARCH; NGC 4449 AB We present results from a study of the supernova remnant (SNR) population in a sample of six nearby galaxies (NGC 2403, NGC 3077, NGC 4214, NGC 4449, NGC 4395, and NGC 5204) based on Chandra archival data. We have detected 244 discrete X-ray sources down to a limiting flux of 10(-15) erg s(-1) cm(-2). We identify 37 X-ray-selected thermal SNRs based on their X-ray colors or spectra, 30 of which are new discoveries. In many cases, the X-ray classification is confirmed based on counterparts with SNRs identified in other wavelengths. Three of the galaxies in our sample (NGC 4214, NGC 4395, and NGC 5204) are studied for the first time, resulting in the discovery of 13 thermal SNRs. We discuss the properties (luminosity, temperature, and density) of the X-ray-detected SNRs in the galaxies of our sample in order to address their dependence on their environment. We find that X-ray-selected SNRs in irregular galaxies appear to be more luminous than those in spirals. We attribute this to the lower metallicities and therefore more massive progenitor stars of irregular galaxies or the higher local densities of the interstellar medium. We also discuss the X-ray-selected SNR populations in the context of the star formation rate of their host galaxies. A comparison of the numbers of observed luminous X-ray-selected SNRs with those expected based on the luminosity functions of X-ray SNRs in the Magellanic Clouds and M33 suggest different luminosity distributions between the SNRs in spiral and irregular galaxies with the latter tending to have flatter distributions. C1 [Leonidaki, I.; Boumis, P.] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Athens 15236, Greece. [Leonidaki, I.] Univ Patras, Astron Lab, Dept Phys, Rio Patra 26500, Greece. [Zezas, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zezas, A.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, GR-71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. [Zezas, A.] IESL Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, GR-71110 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. RP Leonidaki, I (reprint author), Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Athens 15236, Greece. RI Boumis, Panos/K-4653-2013; LEONIDAKI, IOANNA/K-4351-2013; Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011 OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X FU NASA [GO6-7086X, G5-13056]; European Union [224878, 206469]; Greek Ministry of Development FX The authors thank John Raymond for fruitful discussions. This work was partly supported by NASA grant GO6-7086X and NASA LTSA grant G5-13056. I. L. and P. B. thank the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics for its hospitality during their visits there. I. L. acknowledges funding by the European Union and the Greek Ministry of Development in the framework of the programme Promotion of Excellence in Research Institutes (2nd part). A.Z. acknowledges support by the EU IRG grant 224878. Space Astrophy University of Crete is Supported by EU FP7-REGPOT grant 206469 (ASTROSPACE). NR 76 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 1 BP 842 EP 867 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/842 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 684UN UT WOS:000284576700093 ER PT J AU Soderberg, AM Brunthaler, A Nakar, E Chevalier, RA Bietenholz, MF AF Soderberg, A. M. Brunthaler, A. Nakar, E. Chevalier, R. A. Bietenholz, M. F. TI RADIO AND X-RAY OBSERVATIONS OF THE TYPE Ic SN 2007gr REVEAL AN ORDINARY, NON-RELATIVISTIC EXPLOSION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: general; supernovae: individual (SN 2007gr) ID BURST AFTERGLOWS; IBC SUPERNOVA; LIGHT-CURVE; GRB 980425; EMISSION; CALORIMETRY; JETS; PROGENITORS; GRB-030329; EVOLUTION AB We present extensive radio and X-ray observations of the nearby Type Ic SN 2007gr in NGC 1058 obtained with the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Chandra X-ray Observatory and spanning 5 to 150 days after explosion. Through our detailed modeling of these data, we estimate the properties of the blast wave and the circumstellar environment. We find evidence for a freely expanding and non-relativistic explosion with an average blast wave velocity, (v) over bar approximate to 0.2c, and a total internal energy for the radio emitting material of E approximate to 2 x 10(46) erg assuming equipartition of energy between electrons and magnetic fields (is an element of(e) = is an element of(B) = 0.1). The temporal and spectral evolution of the radio emission points to a stellar wind-blown environment shaped by a steady progenitor mass loss rate of over dot (M) over dot approximate to 6x10(-7)M(circle dot) yr(-1) (wind velocity, v(w) = 10(3) km s(-1)). These parameters are fully consistent with those inferred for other SNe Ibc and are in line with the expectations for an ordinary, homologous SN explosion. Our results are at odds with those of Paragi et al. who recently reported evidence for a relativistic blast wave in SN 2007gr based on their claim that the radio emission was resolved away in a low signal-to-noise Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observation. Here we show that the exotic physical scenarios required to explain the claimed relativistic velocity-extreme departures from equipartition and/or a highly collimated outflow-are excluded by our detailed VLA radio observations. Moreover, we present an independent analysis of the VLBI data and propose that a modest loss of phase coherence provides a more natural explanation for the apparent flux density loss which is evident on both short and long baselines. We conclude that SN 2007gr is an ordinary Type Ibc supernova. C1 [Soderberg, A. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Brunthaler, A.] Max Planck Inst Radio Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Nakar, E.] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Chevalier, R. A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Bietenholz, M. F.] Hartebeesthoek Radio Observ, ZA-1740 Krugersdorpa, South Africa. [Bietenholz, M. F.] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Soderberg, AM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU NASA [NNG06GJ33G]; Hubble fellowship FX The authors especially thank Mark Reid for helpful discussions. We also thank Dale Frail, Edo Berger, Andrew MacFadyen, and Eli Waxman. A. M. S. is supported by a Hubble fellowship. R.A.C. acknowledges support from NASA grant NNG06GJ33G. NR 55 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 1 BP 922 EP 930 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/922 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 684UN UT WOS:000284576700099 ER PT J AU Hallman, EJ Skillman, SW Jeltema, TE Smith, BD O'Shea, BW Burns, JO Norman, ML AF Hallman, Eric J. Skillman, Samuel W. Jeltema, Tesla E. Smith, Britton D. O'Shea, Brian W. Burns, Jack O. Norman, Michael L. TI THE PROPERTIES OF X-RAY COLD FRONTS IN A STATISTICAL SAMPLE OF SIMULATED GALAXY CLUSTERS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium; large-scale structure of universe; methods: numerical; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; N-BODY SIMULATIONS; DARK-MATTER; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; CHANDRA OBSERVATION; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION; CORE; SUBSTRUCTURE AB We examine the incidence of cold fronts in a large sample of galaxy clusters extracted from a (512 h(-1) Mpc) hydrodynamic/N-body cosmological simulation with adiabatic gas physics computed with the Enzo adaptive mesh refinement code. This simulation contains a sample of roughly 4000 galaxy clusters with M >= 10(14)M(circle dot) at z = 0. For each simulated galaxy cluster, we have created mock 0.3-8.0 keV X-ray observations and spectroscopic-like temperature maps. We have searched these maps with a new automated algorithm to identify the presence of cold fronts in projection. Using a threshold of a minimum of 10 cold front pixels in our images, corresponding to a total comoving length L-cf > 156 h(-1) kpc, we find that roughly 10%-12% of all projections in a mass-limited sample would be classified as cold front clusters. Interestingly, the fraction of clusters with extended cold front features in our synthetic maps of a mass-limited sample trends only weakly with redshift out to z = 1.0. However, when using different selection functions, including a simulated flux limit, the trending with redshift changes significantly. The likelihood of finding cold fronts in the simulated clusters in our sample is a strong function of cluster mass. In clusters with M > 7.5 x 10(14)M(circle dot) the cold front fraction is 40%-50%. We also show that the presence of cold fronts is strongly correlated with disturbed morphology as measured by quantitative structure measures. Finally, we find that the incidence of cold fronts in the simulated cluster images is strongly dependent on baryonic physics. C1 [Hallman, Eric J.; Skillman, Samuel W.; Smith, Britton D.; Burns, Jack O.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hallman, Eric J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jeltema, Tesla E.] UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [O'Shea, Brian W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [O'Shea, Brian W.] Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Coll, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Norman, Michael L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Hallman, EJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Campus Box 391, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ehallman@cfa.harvard.edu FU NSF [AST-0702923]; U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0807215]; DOE [DEFG02- 97ER25308]; Chandra award [AR0-11016B]; NASA ATFP [NNX09AD80G]; U.S. Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-36] FX Computations described in this work were performed using the Enzo code developed by the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics at the University of California in San Diego (http://lca.ucsd.edu). E.J.H. acknowledges support from NSF AAPF AST-0702923. E.J.H., S.W.S., and J.O.B. have been supported in part by a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation (AST-0807215). S.W.S. has been supported by a DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellowship under grant number DEFG02- 97ER25308. T.E.J. has been supported in part by Chandra award AR0-11016B. B.W.O. has been supported in part by a grant from the NASA ATFP program (NNX09AD80G). B.W.O. has been funded in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy and supported by its contract W-7405-ENG-36 to Los Alamos National Laboratory. Some simulations were by performed at SDSC and NCSA with computing time provided by NRAC allocation MCA98N020. CC-Adia and CC-OTH simulations and post-processing analysis were performed at NICS on Kraken, and at TACC on Ranger using NSF TeraGrid allocations TG-AST090040 and TG-AST100004. E.J.H. thanks Marcus Bruggen, Evan Scannapieco, Maxim Markevitch, John ZuHone, and Ryan Johnson for useful discussions. The authors thank the anonymous referee for their very useful comments. NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 1 BP 1053 EP 1068 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1053 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 684UN UT WOS:000284576700109 ER PT J AU Schlafly, EF Finkbeiner, DP Schlegel, DJ Juric, M Ivezic, Z Gibson, RR Knapp, GR Weaver, BA AF Schlafly, Edward F. Finkbeiner, Douglas P. Schlegel, David J. Juric, Mario Ivezic, Zeljko Gibson, Robert R. Knapp, Gillian R. Weaver, Benjamin A. TI THE BLUE TIP OF THE STELLAR LOCUS: MEASURING REDDENING WITH THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; Galaxy: stellar content; ISM: clouds ID MILKY-WAY TOMOGRAPHY; ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION; GALACTIC EXTINCTION; CLOUDS; CALIBRATION; EMISSION; GALAXIES; COUNTS; MAPS; SDSS AB We present measurements of reddening due to dust using the colors of stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We measure the color of main-sequence turnoff stars by finding the "blue tip" of the stellar locus: the prominent blue edge in the distribution of stellar colors. The method is sensitive to color changes of order 18, 12, 7, and 8 mmag of reddening in the colors u - g, g - r, r - i, and i - z, respectively, in regions measuring 90' by 14'. We present maps of the blue tip colors in each of these bands over the entire SDSS footprint, including the new dusty southern Galactic cap data provided by the SDSS-III. The results disfavor the best-fit O'Donnell and Cardelli et al. reddening laws, but are described well by a Fitzpatrick reddening law with RV = 3.1. The Schlegel et al. (SFD) dust map is found to trace the dust well, but overestimates reddening by factors of 1.4, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 in u - g, g - r, r - i, and i - z largely due to the adopted reddening law. In select dusty regions of the sky, we find evidence for problems in the SFD temperature correction. A dust map normalization difference of 15% between the Galactic north and south sky may be due to these dust temperature errors. C1 [Schlafly, Edward F.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Finkbeiner, Douglas P.; Juric, Mario] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schlegel, David J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ivezic, Zeljko; Gibson, Robert R.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Knapp, Gillian R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Weaver, Benjamin A.] NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Schlafly, EF (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, 17 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Schlafly, Edward Ford/0000-0002-3569-7421 FU NASA [NNX10AD69G, HF-51255.01-A, NAS 5-26555]; NSF [AST 07-07901, AST 05-51161]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; University of Arizona; Brazilian Participation Group; Brookhaven National Laboratory; University of Cambridge; University of Florida; French Participation Group; German Participation Group; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics; New Mexico State University; New York University; Ohio State University; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University; University of Tokyo; University of Utah; Vanderbilt University; University of Virginia; University of Washington; Yale University FX D.P.F. and E. F. S. acknowledge support of NASA grant NNX10AD69G for this research. M.J. acknowledges support by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HF-51255.01-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. Z.I. acknowledges support by NSF grant AST 07-07901, and. Z.I. and R. R. G. acknowledge support by NSF grant AST 05-51161 to LSST for design and development activity.; Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy. The SDSS-III Web site is http://www.sdss3.org/.; SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of Cambridge, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, New Mexico State University, New York University, the Ohio State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, University of Tokyo, the University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University of Washington, and Yale University. NR 38 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 1 BP 1175 EP 1191 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1175 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 684UN UT WOS:000284576700013 ER PT J AU Leibler, CN Berger, E AF Leibler, C. N. Berger, E. TI THE STELLAR AGES AND MASSES OF SHORT GAMMA-RAY BURST HOST GALAXIES: INVESTIGATING THE PROGENITOR DELAY TIME DISTRIBUTION AND THE ROLE OF MASS AND STAR FORMATION IN THE SHORT GAMMA-RAY BURST RATE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: general ID IA SUPERNOVAE; OPTICAL AFTERGLOWS; NEUTRON-STARS; LONG; GRB; REDSHIFT; EMISSION; GRB-060614; GRB-050709; POPULATION AB We present multi-band optical and near-infrared observations of 19 short gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxies, aimed at measuring their stellar masses and population ages. The goals of this study are to evaluate whether short GRBs track the stellar mass distribution of galaxies, to investigate the progenitor delay time distribution, and to explore any connection between long and short GRB progenitors. Using single stellar population models we infer masses of log(M-*/M-circle dot) approximate to 8.8-11.6, with a median of < log(M-*/M-circle dot)> approximate to 10.1, and population ages of tau(*) approximate to 0.03-4.4 Gyr with a median of approximate to 0.3 Gyr. We further infer maximal masses of log(M-*/M-circle dot) approximate to 9.7-11.9 by assuming stellar population ages equal to the age of the universe at each host's redshift. Comparing the distribution of stellar masses to the general galaxy mass function, we find that short GRBs track the cosmic stellar mass distribution only if the late-type hosts generally have maximal masses. However, there is an apparent dearth of early-type hosts compared to the equal contribution of early-and late-type galaxies to the cosmic stellar mass budget. Similarly, the short GRB rate per unit old stellar mass appears to be elevated in the late-type hosts. These results suggest that stellar mass may not be the sole parameter controlling the short GRB rate, and raise the possibility of a two-component model with both mass and star formation playing a role (reminiscent of the case for Type Ia supernovae). If short GRBs in late-type galaxies indeed track the star formation activity, the resulting typical delay time is similar to 0.2 Gyr, while those in early-type hosts have a typical delay of similar to 3 Gyr. Using the same stellar population models, we fit the broadband photometry for 22 long GRB host galaxies in a similar redshift range and find that they have significantly lower masses and younger population ages, with < log(M-*/M-circle dot)> approximate to 9.1 and approximate to 0.06 Gyr, respectively; their maximal masses are similarly lower, < log(M-*/M-circle dot)> approximate to 9.6, and as expected do not track the galaxy mass function. Most importantly, the two GRB host populations remain distinct even if we consider only the star-forming hosts of short GRBs, supporting our previous findings (based on star formation rates and metallicities) that the progenitors of long and short GRBs in late-type galaxies are distinct. Given the much younger stellar populations of long GRB hosts (and hence of long GRB progenitors), and the substantial differences in host properties, we caution against the use of Type I and II designations for GRBs since this may erroneously imply that all GRBs which track star formation activity share the same massive star progenitors. C1 [Leibler, C. N.; Berger, E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Leibler, CN (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU NSF; Swift [5080010, 6090612] FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with J. Strader, E. Westra, R. Foley, R. Chornock, E. Nakar, E. Levesque, and A. Soderberg. We also thank the anonymous referee for insightful comments. This paper includes data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile. It is also based in part on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (United Kingdom), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), CNPq (Brazil), and CONICET (Argentina). This work was partially supported by Swift AO5 grant 5080010 and AO6 grant 6090612. Additional support was provided by the Harvard College Research Program. NR 61 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 1 BP 1202 EP 1214 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1202 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 684UN UT WOS:000284576700015 ER PT J AU Steffen, JH Batalha, NM Borucki, WJ Buchhave, LA Caldwell, DA Cochran, WD Endl, M Fabrycky, DC Fressin, F Ford, EB Fortney, JJ Haas, MJ Holman, MJ Howell, SB Isaacson, H Jenkins, JM Koch, D Latham, DW Lissauer, JJ Moorhead, AV Morehead, RC Marcy, G MacQueen, PJ Quinn, SN Ragozzine, D Rowe, JF Sasselov, DD Seager, S Torres, G Welsh, WF AF Steffen, Jason H. Batalha, Natalie M. Borucki, William J. Buchhave, Lars A. Caldwell, Douglas A. Cochran, William D. Endl, Michael Fabrycky, Daniel C. Fressin, Francois Ford, Eric B. Fortney, Jonathan J. Haas, Michael J. Holman, Matthew J. Howell, Steve B. Isaacson, Howard Jenkins, Jon M. Koch, David Latham, David W. Lissauer, Jack J. Moorhead, Althea V. Morehead, Robert C. Marcy, Geoffrey MacQueen, Phillip J. Quinn, Samuel N. Ragozzine, Darin Rowe, Jason F. Sasselov, Dimitar D. Seager, Sara Torres, Guillermo Welsh, William F. TI FIVE KEPLER TARGET STARS THAT SHOW MULTIPLE TRANSITING EXOPLANET CANDIDATES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars: individual (KIC 8394721, KIC 5972334, KIC 10723750, KIC 7287995, KIC 7825899); techniques: photometric; techniques: spectroscopic ID EXTRASOLAR PLANETARY SYSTEMS; MASS-RADIUS RELATIONSHIPS; TIMING VARIATIONS; SUPER-EARTHS; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; SOLID EXOPLANETS; GIANT IMPACTS; DETECTABILITY; ECCENTRICITY; CONSTRAINTS AB We present and discuss five candidate exoplanetary systems identified with the Kepler spacecraft. These five systems show transits from multiple exoplanet candidates. Should these objects prove to be planetary in nature, then these five systems open new opportunities for the field of exoplanets and provide new insights into the formation and dynamical evolution of planetary systems. We discuss the methods used to identify multiple transiting objects from the Kepler photometry as well as the false-positive rejection methods that have been applied to these data. One system shows transits from three distinct objects while the remaining four systems show transits from two objects. Three systems have planet candidates that are near mean motion commensurabilities-two near 2:1 and one just outside 5:2. We discuss the implications that multi-transiting systems have on the distribution of orbital inclinations in planetary systems, and hence their dynamical histories, as well as their likely masses and chemical compositions. A Monte Carlo study indicates that, with additional data, most of these systems should exhibit detectable transit timing variations (TTVs) due to gravitational interactions, though none are apparent in these data. We also discuss new challenges that arise in TTV analyses due to the presence of more than two planets in a system. C1 [Steffen, Jason H.] Fermilab Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Batalha, Natalie M.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Borucki, William J.; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Haas, Michael J.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Koch, David; Lissauer, Jack J.; Rowe, Jason F.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Buchhave, Lars A.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Fressin, Francois; Holman, Matthew J.; Latham, David W.; Quinn, Samuel N.; Ragozzine, Darin; Sasselov, Dimitar D.; Torres, Guillermo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Buchhave, Lars A.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Caldwell, Douglas A.; Jenkins, Jon M.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; MacQueen, Phillip J.] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ford, Eric B.; Moorhead, Althea V.; Morehead, Robert C.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Bryant Space Sci Ctr 211, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Fortney, Jonathan J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Howell, Steve B.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Isaacson, Howard; Marcy, Geoffrey] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA USA. [Seager, Sara] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Welsh, William F.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Steffen, JH (reprint author), Fermilab Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Steffen, Jason/A-4320-2013; Ragozzine, Darin/C-4926-2013; Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014; OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616; Fortney, Jonathan/0000-0002-9843-4354; Buchhave, Lars A./0000-0003-1605-5666; /0000-0001-6545-639X; Fabrycky, Daniel/0000-0003-3750-0183 FU National Science Foundation FX IRAF is distributed by the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. NR 57 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 1 BP 1226 EP 1241 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1226 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 684UN UT WOS:000284576700017 ER PT J AU Schmalzl, M Kainulainen, J Quanz, SP Alves, J Goodman, AA Henning, T Launhardt, R Pineda, JE Roman-Zuniga, CG AF Schmalzl, Markus Kainulainen, Jouni Quanz, Sascha P. Alves, Joao Goodman, Alyssa A. Henning, Thomas Launhardt, Ralf Pineda, Jaime E. Roman-Zuniga, Carlos G. TI STAR FORMATION IN THE TAURUS FILAMENT L 1495: FROM DENSE CORES TO STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; ISM: clouds; ISM: individual objects (L1495); ISM: structure; stars: formation ID MOLECULAR CLOUDS; DARK CLOUDS; VLBA DETERMINATION; PIPE NEBULA; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; INITIAL CONDITIONS; FORMING REGIONS; MASS FUNCTION; HERSCHEL; DISTANCE AB We present a study of dense structures in the L 1495 filament in the Taurus Molecular Cloud and examine its star-forming properties. In particular, we construct a dust extinction map of the filament using deep near-infrared observations, exposing its small-scale structure in unprecedented detail. The filament shows highly fragmented substructures and a high mass-per-length value of M-line = 17 M-circle dot pc(-1), reflecting star-forming potential in all parts of it. However, a part of the filament, namely B 211, is remarkably devoid of young stellar objects. We argue that in this region the initial filament collapse and fragmentation is still taking place and star formation is yet to occur. In the star-forming part of the filament, we identify 39 cores with masses from 0.4 to 10 M-circle dot and preferred separations in agreement with the local Jeans length. Most of these cores exceed the Bonnor-Ebert critical mass, and are therefore likely to collapse and form stars. The dense core mass function follows a power law with exponent Gamma = 1.2 +/- 0.2, a form commonly observed in star-forming regions. C1 [Schmalzl, Markus; Kainulainen, Jouni; Henning, Thomas; Launhardt, Ralf] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Quanz, Sascha P.] ETH, Inst Astron, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Alves, Joao] Univ Vienna, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Goodman, Alyssa A.; Pineda, Jaime E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Roman-Zuniga, Carlos G.] CSIC, IAA, Ctr Astron Hispano Aleman, E-18008 Granada, Spain. RP Schmalzl, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM schmalzl@mpia.de RI Pineda, Jaime/J-7405-2013; Goodman, Alyssa/A-6007-2010; Roman-Zuniga, Carlos/F-6602-2016; OI Pineda, Jaime/0000-0002-3972-1978; Goodman, Alyssa/0000-0003-1312-0477; Roman-Zuniga, Carlos/0000-0001-8600-4798; Alves, Joao/0000-0002-4355-0921 FU National Science Foundation [AST-0908159]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank Calar Alto Observatory for allocation of director's discretionary time to this program, and the anonymous referee for her/his constructive suggestions that helped to improve the manuscript. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-0908159. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (Skrutskie et al. 2006), which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. We furthermore acknowledge the use of NASA's SkyView facility (http://skyview.gsfc.nasa.gov) located at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (McGlynn et al. 1998) and the ViZier database located at CDS in Strasbourg, France (Ochsenbein et al. 2000). NR 72 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 1 BP 1327 EP 1336 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1327 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 684UN UT WOS:000284576700025 ER PT J AU Levesque, EM Soderberg, AM Kewley, LJ Berger, E AF Levesque, Emily M. Soderberg, Alicia M. Kewley, Lisa J. Berger, Edo TI NO CORRELATION BETWEEN HOST GALAXY METALLICITY AND GAMMA-RAY ENERGY RELEASE FOR LONG-DURATION GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: general ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; H-II REGIONS; MASSIVE STARS; E-P,E-I-E-ISO CORRELATION; ASYMMETRIC SUPERNOVAE; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; STELLAR EVOLUTION; GRB PROGENITORS; SPIRAL GALAXIES; HYPERNOVAE AB We compare the redshifts, host galaxy metallicities, and isotropic (E-gamma,E-iso) and beaming-corrected (E-gamma) gamma-ray energy release of 16 long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) at z < 1. From this comparison, we find no statistically significant correlation between host metallicity and redshift, E-gamma,E-iso, or E-gamma. These results are at odds with previous theoretical and observational predictions of an inverse correlation between gamma-ray energy release and host metallicity, as well as the standard predictions of metallicity-driven wind effects in stellar evolutionary models. We consider the implications that these results have for LGRB progenitor scenarios, and discuss our current understanding of the role that metallicity plays in the production of LGRBs. C1 [Levesque, Emily M.; Soderberg, Alicia M.; Berger, Edo] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Levesque, Emily M.; Kewley, Lisa J.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Levesque, EM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, CASA, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM emsque@ifa.hawaii.edu; asoderbe@cfa.harvard.edu; kewley@ifa.hawaii.edu; eberger@cfa.harvard.edu FU Ford Foundation; Hubble Fellowship; NSF [AST07-48559]; NASA [5080010] FX We thank the anonymous referee for their valuable feedback on this manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge useful discussions with David Pitman and Mike Shull. This paper made use of data from the Gamma-Ray Burst Coordinates Network (GCN) Circulars and the Swift online data archive. E.M.L.'s participation was made possible in part by a Ford Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship and an Einstein Fellowship. A.M.S. is supported by a Hubble Fellowship. L.J.K. and E.M.L. acknowledge support by NSF Early Career Award AST07-48559. E.B. acknowledges support by NASA/Swift AOJ grant 5080010. NR 86 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 1 BP 1337 EP 1341 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1337 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 684UN UT WOS:000284576700026 ER PT J AU Patnaude, DJ Slane, P Raymond, JC Ellison, DC AF Patnaude, Daniel J. Slane, Patrick Raymond, John C. Ellison, Donald C. TI THE ROLE OF DIFFUSIVE SHOCK ACCELERATION ON NONEQUILIBRIUM IONIZATION IN SUPERNOVA REMNANT SHOCKS. II. EMITTED SPECTRA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; ISM: supernova remnants; radiation mechanisms: thermal; shock waves; X-rays: ISM ID HELIUM-LIKE IONS; X-RAY-EMISSION; RX J1713.7-3946; PLASMA; SOLAR; SN-1006; MODELS AB We present a grid of nonequilibrium ionization models for the X-ray spectra from supernova remnants undergoing efficient diffusive shock acceleration. The calculation follows the hydrodynamics of the blast wave as well as the time-dependent ionization of the plasma behind the shock. The ionization state is passed to a plasma emissivity code to compute the thermal X-ray emission, which is combined with the emission from nonthermal synchrotron emission to produce a self-consistent model for the thermal and nonthermal emission from cosmic-ray dominated shocks. We show how plasma diagnostics such as the G'-ratio of He-like ions, defined as the ratio of the sum of the intercombination, forbidden, and satellite lines to the resonance line, can vary with acceleration efficiency, and discuss how the thermal X-ray emission, when the time-dependent ionization is not calculated self-consistently with the hydrodynamics, can differ from the thermal X-ray emission from models which do account for the hydrodynamics. Finally, we compare the thermal X-ray emission from models which show moderate acceleration (similar to 35%) to the thermal X-ray emission from test-particle models. C1 [Patnaude, Daniel J.; Slane, Patrick; Raymond, John C.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ellison, Donald C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Patnaude, DJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM don_ellison@ncsu.edu FU NASA [NAS8-03060, ATP02-0042-0006, NNH04Zss001N-LTSA, 06-ATP06-21]; [TM0-11006A] FX D.J.P. acknowledges support from Chandra Theory grant TM0-11006A, and P.O.S. and D.J.P. acknowledge support from NASA contract NAS8-03060. D.C.E. acknowledges support from NASA contracts ATP02-0042-0006, NNH04Zss001N-LTSA, and 06-ATP06-21. The authors are grateful to the KITP in Santa Barbara where part of this work was done when the authors were participating in a KITP program. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 2 BP 1476 EP 1484 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/2/1476 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 697GN UT WOS:000285501300008 ER PT J AU Offner, SSR Kratter, KM Matzner, CD Krumholz, MR Klein, RI AF Offner, Stella S. R. Kratter, Kaitlin M. Matzner, Christopher D. Krumholz, Mark R. Klein, Richard I. TI THE FORMATION OF LOW-MASS BINARY STAR SYSTEMS VIA TURBULENT FRAGMENTATION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries: general; radiative transfer; turbulence ID ECCENTRIC GRAVITATIONAL INSTABILITIES; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; PROTOSTELLAR DISKS; MULTIPLE SYSTEMS; BROWN DWARFS; HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SINK PARTICLES; GASEOUS DISKS; CORES AB We characterize the infall rate onto protostellar systems forming in self-gravitating radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. Using two dimensionless parameters to determine the disks' susceptibility to gravitational fragmentation, we infer limits on protostellar system multiplicity and the mechanism of binary formation. We show that these parameters give robust predictions even in the case of marginally resolved protostellar disks. We find that protostellar systems with radiation feedback predominately form binaries via turbulent fragmentation, not disk instability, and predict that turbulent fragmentation is the dominant channel for binary formation for low-mass stars. We clearly demonstrate that systems forming in simulations including radiative feedback have fundamentally different parameters than those in purely hydrodynamics simulations. C1 [Offner, Stella S. R.; Kratter, Kaitlin M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kratter, Kaitlin M.; Matzner, Christopher D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5R 3H4, Canada. [Krumholz, Mark R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Klein, Richard I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Klein, Richard I.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Offner, SSR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM soffner@cfa.harvard.edu OI Matzner, Christopher/0000-0001-9732-2281; Krumholz, Mark/0000-0003-3893-854X FU NSF [AST-0901055, AST-0908553]; Ontario; NSERC; NASA [NNX09AK31G]; US Department of Energy at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA 27344]; Alfred P.Sloan Fellowship; National Science Foundation [AST-0807739] FX We thank the anonymous referee for useful suggestions, which have improved the manuscript. This research has been supported by the NSF through the grant AST-0901055 (S.S.R.O.). K.M.K. is supported in part by an Ontario Graduate Scholarship. C.D.M. is supported by NSERC and an Ontario Early Researcher Award. R.I.K. is supported by NASA through ATFP grant NNX09AK31G; the NSF through grant AST-0908553 and the US Department of Energy at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA 27344. M.R.K. acknowledges support from: an Alfred P.Sloan Fellowship; NASA through ATFP grant NNX09AK31G; NASA as part of the Spitzer Theoretical Research Program, through a contract issued by the JPL; the National Science Foundation through grant AST-0807739. NR 69 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 2 BP 1485 EP 1494 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/2/1485 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 697GN UT WOS:000285501300009 ER PT J AU Chung, SM Gonzalez, AH Clowe, D Markevitch, M Zaritsky, D AF Chung, Sun Mi Gonzalez, Anthony H. Clowe, Douglas Markevitch, Maxim Zaritsky, Dennis TI STAR FORMATION IN THE BULLET CLUSTER. I. THE INFRARED LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AND STAR FORMATION RATE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: individual (1E0657-56, The Bullet Cluster); galaxies: evolution; galaxies: luminosity function, mass function; infrared: galaxies ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; RICH GALAXY CLUSTERS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; PANORAMIC H-ALPHA; FORMING GALAXIES; DISTANT CLUSTERS; S0 GALAXIES; EVOLUTION AB The Bullet Cluster is a massive galaxy cluster at z = 0.297 undergoing a major supersonic (Mach 3) merger event. Using data from Spitzer MIPS and the Infrared Array Camera, optical imaging, and optical spectroscopy, we present the global star formation rate (SFR) of this unique cluster. Using a 90% spectroscopically complete sample of 37 star-forming MIPS confirmed cluster members out to R < 1.7 Mpc, and the Rieke et al. relation to convert from 24 mu m flux to SFR, we calculate an integrated obscured SFR of 267 M-circle dot yr(-1) and a specific SFR of 28 M-circle dot yr(-1) per 10(14) M-circle dot. The clustermass normalized integrated SFR of the Bullet Cluster is among the highest in a sample of eight other clusters and cluster mergers from the literature. Five LIRGs and one ULIRG contribute 30% and 40% of the total SFR of the cluster, respectively. To investigate the origin of the elevated specific SFR, we compare the infrared luminosity function (IR LF) of the Bullet Cluster to those of Coma (evolved to z = 0.297) and CL1358+62. The Bullet Cluster IR LF exhibits an excess of sources compared to the IR LFs of the other massive clusters. A Schechter function fit of the Bullet Cluster IR LF yields L* = 44.68 +/- 0.11 erg s(-1), which is similar to 0.25 and 0.35 dex brighter than L* of evolved Coma and CL1358+62, respectively. The elevated IR LF of the Bullet Cluster relative to other clusters can be explained if we attribute the "excess" star-forming IR galaxies to a population associated with the infalling group that has not yet been transformed into quiescent galaxies. In this case, the timescale required for quenching star formation in the cluster environment must be longer than the timescale since the group's accretion-a few hundred million years. We suggest that "strangulation" is likely to be an important process in the evolution of star formation in clusters. C1 [Chung, Sun Mi; Gonzalez, Anthony H.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Clowe, Douglas] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clippinger Lab 251B, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Markevitch, Maxim] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zaritsky, Dennis] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Chung, SM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM schung@astro.ufl.edu FU NASA; NASA/Spitzer [1319141, 1376614] FX This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. The authors acknowledge support for this work from NASA/Spitzer grants 1319141 and 1376614. NR 80 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 2 BP 1536 EP 1549 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/2/1536 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 697GN UT WOS:000285501300014 ER PT J AU Isella, A Natta, A Wilner, D Carpenter, JM Testi, L AF Isella, Andrea Natta, Antonella Wilner, David Carpenter, John M. Testi, Leonardo TI MILLIMETER IMAGING OF MWC 758: PROBING THE DISK STRUCTURE AND KINEMATICS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planet-disk interactions; protoplanetary disks; submillimeter: planetary systems; techniques: interferometric ID HERBIG AE/BE STARS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; T-TAURI STARS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; INNER HOLE; DUST; EVOLUTION; EMISSION; GAS AB We investigate the structure and kinematics of the circumstellar disk around the Herbig Ae star MWC 758 using high-resolution observations of the (CO)-C-12 (3-2) and dust continuum emission at the wavelengths of 0.87 and 3.3 mm. We find that the dust emission peaks at an orbital radius of about 100 AU, while the CO intensity has a central peak coincident with the position of the star. The CO emission is in agreement with a disk in Keplerian rotation around a 2.0 M-circle dot star, confirming that MWC 758 is indeed an intermediate-mass star. By comparing the observation with theoretical disk models, we derive that the disk surface density Sigma(r) steeply increases from 40 to 100 AU and decreases exponentially outward. Within 40 AU, the disk has to be optically thin in the continuum emission at millimeter wavelengths to explain the observed dust morphology, though our observations lack the angular resolution and sensitivity required to constrain the surface density on these spatial scales. The surface density distribution in MWC 758 disk is similar to that of "transition" disks, though no disk clearing has been previously inferred from the analysis of the spectral energy distribution (SED). Moreover, the asymmetries observed in the dust and CO emission suggest that the disk may be gravitationally perturbed by a low-mass companion orbiting within a radius of 30 AU. Our results emphasize that SEDs alone do not provide a complete picture of disk structure and that high-resolution millimeter-wave images are essential to reveal the structure of the cool disk mid-plane. C1 [Isella, Andrea; Carpenter, John M.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Natta, Antonella] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Wilner, David] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Testi, Leonardo] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Isella, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Astron, MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM isella@astro.caltech.edu FU Owens Valley Radio Observatory; National Science Foundation [AST 05-40399]; NASA FX We thank the OVRO/CARMA staff and the CARMA observers for their assistance in obtaining the data. We acknowledge support from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory, which is supported by the National Science Foundation through grant AST 05-40399. This work was performed in part under contract with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) funded by NASA through the Michelson Fellowship Program. JPL is managed for NASA by the California Institute of Technology. NR 46 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 2 BP 1735 EP 1741 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/2/1735 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 697GN UT WOS:000285501300031 ER PT J AU Fabbiano, G Brassington, NJ Lentati, L Angelini, L Davies, RL Gallagher, J Kalogera, V Kim, DW King, AR Kundu, A Pellegrini, S Richings, AJ Trinchieri, G Zezas, A Zepf, S AF Fabbiano, G. Brassington, N. J. Lentati, L. Angelini, L. Davies, R. L. Gallagher, J. Kalogera, V. Kim, D. -W. King, A. R. Kundu, A. Pellegrini, S. Richings, A. J. Trinchieri, G. Zezas, A. Zepf, S. TI FIELD AND GLOBULAR CLUSTER LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARIES IN NGC 4278 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (NGC 4278); X-rays: binaries; X-rays: galaxies ID CHANDRA MONITORING OBSERVATIONS; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; BLACK-HOLE; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; DEEP CHANDRA; H-I; METALLICITY; CONNECTION; DISTANCES; POPULATIONS AB We report a detailed spectral analysis of the population of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) detected in the elliptical galaxy NGC 4278 with Chandra. Seven luminous sources were studied individually, four in globular clusters (GCs) and three in the stellar field. The range of (0.3-8 keV) L-X for these sources is similar to(3-8) x 10(38) erg s(-1), suggesting that they may be black hole binaries (BHBs). Fitting the data with either single thermal accretion disk or power-law (PO) models results in best-fit temperatures of similar to 0.7-1.7 keV and Gamma similar to 1.2-2.0, consistent with those measured in Galactic BHBs. Comparison of our results with simulations allows us to discriminate between disk and power-law-dominated emission, pointing to spectral/luminosity variability, reminiscent of Galactic BHBs. The BH masses derived from a comparison of our spectral results with the L-X similar to T-in(4) relation of Galactic BHBs are in the 5-15 M-circle dot range, as observed in the Milky Way. The analysis of joint spectra of sources selected in three luminosity ranges (L-X >= 1.5 x 10(38) erg s(-1), 6 x 10(37) erg s(-1) <= L-X < 1.5 x 10(38) erg s(-1), and L-X < 6 x 10(37) erg s(-1)) suggests that while the high-luminosity sources have prominent thermal disk emission components, power-law components are likely to be important in the mid-and low-luminosity spectra. Comparing low-luminosity average spectra, we find a relatively larger N-H in the GC spectrum; we speculate that this may point to either a metallicity effect or to intrinsic physical differences between field and GC accreting binaries. Analysis of average sample properties uncovers a previously unreported L-X-R-G correlation (where R-G is the galactocentric radius) in the GC-LMXB sample, implying richer LMXB populations in more central GCs. No such trend is seen in the field LMXB sample. We can exclude that the GC L-X-R-G correlation is the by-product of a luminosity effect and suggest that it may be related to the presence of more compact GCs at smaller galactocentric radii, fostering more efficient binary formation. C1 [Fabbiano, G.; Brassington, N. J.; Kim, D. -W.; Zezas, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Angelini, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Xray Astrophys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lentati, L.; Richings, A. J.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Davies, R. L.] Univ Oxford, Subdept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Gallagher, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kalogera, V.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [King, A. R.] Univ Leicester, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Kundu, A.; Zepf, S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Pellegrini, S.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Trinchieri, G.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-20212 Milan, Italy. [Zezas, A.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Zezas, A.] Fdn Res & Technol, IESL, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. RP Fabbiano, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gfabbiano@cfa.harvard.edu RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011; OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Trinchieri, Ginevra/0000-0002-0227-502X FU Chandra GO [G06-7079A]; NASA [NAS8-39073]; Southampton University; CXC CIAO software; CALDB FX This work was supported by the Chandra GO grant G06-7079A (PI:Fabbiano) and NASA contract NAS8-39073 (CXC). This paper is partly based on work performed by L.L. while visiting CfA as part of a visiting student program sponsored by Southampton University, and these results were included in his Master's thesis presentation. A.J.R. also acknowledges support by the Southampton University CfA visiting program. The data analysis was supported by the CXC CIAO software and CALDB. We have used the NASA NED and ADS facilities and have extracted archival data from the Chandra archives. NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 2 BP 1824 EP 1847 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/2/1824 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 697GN UT WOS:000285501300039 ER PT J AU Bian, FY Fan, XH Bechtold, J McGreer, ID Just, DW Sand, DJ Green, RF Thompson, D Peng, CY Seifert, W Ageorges, N Juette, M Knierim, V Buschkamp, P AF Bian, Fuyan Fan, Xiaohui Bechtold, Jill McGreer, Ian D. Just, Dennis W. Sand, David J. Green, Richard F. Thompson, David Peng, Chien Y. Seifert, Walter Ageorges, Nancy Juette, Marcus Knierim, Volker Buschkamp, Peter TI LBT/LUCIFER OBSERVATIONS OF THE z similar to 2 LENSED GALAXY J0900+2234 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: abundances; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: ISM; gravitational lensing: strong ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; REST-FRAME ULTRAVIOLET; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; H-ALPHA; STELLAR POPULATION; ARCS SURVEY; STARBURST GALAXIES; OPTICAL-SPECTRA AB We present rest-frame optical images and spectra of the gravitationally lensed, star-forming galaxy J0900+2234 (z = 2.03). The observations were performed with the newly commissioned LUCIFER1 near-infrared (NIR) instrument mounted on the Large Binocular Telescope. We fitted lens models to the rest-frame optical images and found that the galaxy has an intrinsic effective radius of 7.4 +/- 0.8 kpc with a lens magnification factor of about 5 for the A and B components. We also discovered a new arc belonging to another lensed high-z source galaxy, which makes this lens system a potential double Einstein ring system. Using the high signal-to-noise ratio rest-frame spectra covered by the H+K band, we detected H beta, [O III], H alpha, [N II], and [S II] emission lines. Detailed physical properties of this high-z galaxy were derived. The extinction toward the ionized H II regions (E-g (B - V)) was computed from the flux ratio of H alpha and H beta and appears to be much higher than that toward the stellar continuum (E-s (B - V)), derived from the optical and NIR broadband photometry fitting. The metallicity was estimated using N2 and O3N2 indices. It is in the range of 1/5-1/3 solar abundance, which is much lower than for typical z similar to 2 star-forming galaxies. From the flux ratio of [S II]lambda 6717 and [S II]lambda 6732, we found that the electron number density of the H II regions in the high-z galaxy was similar or equal to 1000 cm(-3), consistent with other z similar to 2 galaxies butmuch higher than that in local H II regions. The star formation rate was estimated via the Ha luminosity, after correction for the lens magnification, to be about 365 +/- 69 M-circle dot yr(-1). Combining the FWHM of Ha emission lines and the half-light radius, we found that the dynamical mass of the lensed galaxy is (5.8 +/- 0.9) x 10(10) M-circle dot. The gas mass is (5.1 +/- 1.1) x 10(10) M-circle dot from the Ha flux surface density using global Kennicutt-Schmidt law, indicating a very high gas fraction of 0.79 +/- 0.19 in J0900+2234. C1 [Bian, Fuyan; Fan, Xiaohui; Bechtold, Jill; McGreer, Ian D.; Just, Dennis W.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Sand, David J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Green, Richard F.; Thompson, David] Univ Arizona, Large Binocular Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Peng, Chien Y.] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Seifert, Walter] Heidelberg Univ, Zentrum Astron, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Ageorges, Nancy; Buschkamp, Peter] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Juette, Marcus; Knierim, Volker] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Astron Inst, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Bian, FY (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. FU Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering; NSF [AST 08-06861] FX We thank the anonymous referee for informative comments which improved the manuscript. We are indebted to the LBTO staff and LUCIFER team for their great support during the observing runs. We thank G.D. Becker and X. Liu for discussions about NIR data reduction, and for providing their IDL package for our use. F.B., X.F., and I.D.M. acknowledge support from a Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering and NSF grant AST 08-06861. NR 60 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 2 BP 1877 EP 1885 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/2/1877 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 697GN UT WOS:000285501300041 ER PT J AU Ozel, F Psaltis, D Narayan, R McClintock, JE AF Oezel, Feryal Psaltis, Dimitrios Narayan, Ramesh McClintock, Jeffrey E. TI THE BLACK HOLE MASS DISTRIBUTION IN THE GALAXY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; X-rays: binaries ID X-RAY TRANSIENTS; GRO J0422+32; BINARY-SYSTEMS; NEUTRON-STAR; RELATIVISTIC JETS; INITIAL MASS; DONOR STAR; X-1; INCLINATION; QUIESCENCE AB We use dynamical mass measurements of 16 black holes in transient low-mass X-ray binaries to infer the stellar black hole mass distribution in the parent population. We find that the observations are best described by a narrow mass distribution at 7.8 +/- 1.2 M-circle dot. We identify a selection effect related to the choice of targets for optical follow-ups that results in a flux-limited sample. We demonstrate, however, that this selection effect does not introduce a bias in the observed distribution and cannot explain the absence of black holes in the 2-5 M-circle dot mass range. On the high-mass end, we argue that the rapid decline in the inferred distribution may be the result of the particular evolutionary channel followed by low-mass X-ray binaries. This is consistent with the presence of high-mass black holes in the persistent, high-mass X-ray binary sources. If the paucity of low-mass black holes is caused by a sudden decrease of the supernova explosion energy with increasing progenitor mass, this would have observable implications for ongoing transient surveys that target core-collapse supernovae. Our results also have significant implications for the calculation of event rates from the coalescence of black hole binaries for gravitational wave detectors. C1 [Oezel, Feryal; Psaltis, Dimitrios] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Narayan, Ramesh] Harvard Univ, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McClintock, Jeffrey E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ozel, F (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 FU NSF [AST 07-08640, NSF 0746549]; [TMO-11003X] FX We thank Chris Fryer for stimulating discussions and Ron Remillard for sharing his private catalog of black hole candidates. F.O. and D.P. thank the ITC at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics for their hospitality. F.O. acknowledges support from NSF grant AST 07-08640 and Chandra Theory grant TMO-11003X. D.P. was supported by the NSF CAREER award NSF 0746549. NR 71 TC 167 Z9 168 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 2 BP 1918 EP 1927 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/2/1918 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 697GN UT WOS:000285501300045 ER PT J AU Linden, T Kalogera, V Sepinsky, JF Prestwich, A Zezas, A Gallagher, JS AF Linden, T. Kalogera, V. Sepinsky, J. F. Prestwich, A. Zezas, A. Gallagher, J. S. TI THE EFFECT OF STARBURST METALLICITY ON BRIGHT X-RAY BINARY FORMATION PATHWAYS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: starburst; supernovae: general; X-rays: binaries ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE SUPERNOVAE; COMMON ENVELOPE EVOLUTION; NEARBY SPIRAL GALAXIES; SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; STAR-CLUSTERS; BLACK-HOLES; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; ANTENNAE GALAXIES; INTERACTING BINARIES; STELLAR EVOLUTION AB We investigate the characteristics of young (<20 Myr) and bright (L-X > 1 x 10(36) erg s(-1)) high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) and find the population to be strongly metallicity dependent. We separate the model populations among two distinct formation pathways: (1) systems undergoing active Roche lobe overflow (RLO) and (2) wind accretion systems with donors in the (super) giant stage, which we find to dominate the HMXB population. We find metallicity to primarily affect the number of systems which move through each formation pathway, rather than the observable parameters of systems which move through each individual pathway. We discuss the most important model parameters affecting the HMXB population at both low and high metallicities. Using these results, we show that (1) the population of ultra-luminous X-ray sources can be consistently described by very bright HMXBs which undergo stable RLO with mild super-Eddington accretion and (2) the HMXB population of the bright starburst galaxy NGC 1569 is likely dominated by one extremely metal-poor starburst cluster. C1 [Linden, T.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Linden, T.; Kalogera, V.; Sepinsky, J. F.] Northwestern Univ, CIERA, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Linden, T.; Kalogera, V.; Sepinsky, J. F.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Sepinsky, J. F.] Univ Scranton, Dept Phys & Elect Engn, Scranton, PA 18510 USA. [Prestwich, A.; Zezas, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gallagher, J. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Linden, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011; OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Sepinsky, Jeremy/0000-0001-8085-3836 FU NSF [AST-0449558, AST-0708967]; NASA [GO0-11108B/NAS8-03060]; GAANN under the Department of Education FX We thank Krzysztof Belczynski for many helpful comments on StarTrack models. We acknowledge support from NSF grant AST-0449558 and NASA GO0-11108B/NAS8-03060 to V.K. T.L. also acknowledges support from the GAANN Fellowship under the Department of Education. J.S.G. acknowledges support from NSF AST-0708967 to the University of Wisconsin-Madison. NR 74 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 2 BP 1984 EP 1994 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/2/1984 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 697GN UT WOS:000285501300051 ER PT J AU Kipping, DM Bakos, GA Hartman, J Torres, G Shporer, A Latham, DW Kovacs, G Noyes, RW Howard, AW Fischer, DA Johnson, JA Marcy, GW Beky, B Perumpilly, G Esquerdo, GA Sasselov, DD Stefanik, RP Lazar, J Papp, I Sari, P AF Kipping, D. M. Bakos, G. A. Hartman, J. Torres, G. Shporer, A. Latham, D. W. Kovacs, Geza Noyes, R. W. Howard, A. W. Fischer, D. A. Johnson, J. A. Marcy, G. W. Beky, B. Perumpilly, G. Esquerdo, G. A. Sasselov, D. D. Stefanik, R. P. Lazar, J. Papp, I. Sari, P. TI HAT-P-24b: AN INFLATED HOT JUPITER ON A 3.36 DAY PERIOD TRANSITING A HOT, METAL-POOR STAR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars: individual (HAT-P-24); techniques: photometric; techniques: spectroscopic ID EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; LOW-DENSITY; K-DWARF; FIELD; ORBIT; PHOTOMETRY; PRECISION; ALGORITHM; EVOLUTION; EXOPLANET AB We report the discovery of HAT-P-24b, a transiting extrasolar planet orbiting the moderately bright V = 11.818 F8 dwarf star GSC 0774-01441, with a period P = 3.3552464 +/- 0.0000071 days, transit epoch T-c = 2455216.97669 +/- 0.00024 (BJD) 11, and transit duration 3.653 +/- 0.025 hr. The host star has a mass of 1.191 +/- 0.042M(circle dot), radius of 1.317 +/- 0.068R(circle dot), effective temperature 6373 +/- 80 K, and a low metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.16 +/- 0.08. The planetary companion has a mass of 0.681 +/- 0.031 M-J and radius of 1.243 +/- 0.072 R-J yielding a mean density of 0.439 +/- 0.069 g cm(-3). By repeating our global fits with different parameter sets, we have performed a critical investigation of the fitting techniques used for previous Hungarian-made Automated Telescope planetary discoveries. We find that the system properties are robust against the choice of priors. The effects of fixed versus fitted limb darkening are also examined. HAT-P-24b probably maintains a small eccentricity of e = 0.052(-0.017)(+0.022), which is accepted over the circular orbit model with false alarm probability 5.8%. In the absence of eccentricity pumping, this result suggests that HAT-P-24b experiences less tidal dissipation than Jupiter. Due to relatively rapid stellar rotation, we estimate that HAT-P-24b should exhibit one of the largest known Rossiter-McLaughlin effect amplitudes for an exoplanet (Delta V-RM similar or equal to 95 m s(-1)) and thus a precise measurement of the sky-projected spin-orbit alignment should be possible. C1 [Kipping, D. M.; Bakos, G. A.; Hartman, J.; Torres, G.; Latham, D. W.; Noyes, R. W.; Beky, B.; Perumpilly, G.; Esquerdo, G. A.; Sasselov, D. D.; Stefanik, R. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kipping, D. M.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. [Shporer, A.] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope Network, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Shporer, A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kovacs, Geza] Konkoly Observ Budapest, Budapest, Hungary. [Howard, A. W.; Marcy, G. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 93106 USA. [Fischer, D. A.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Johnson, J. A.] CALTECH, Dept Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lazar, J.; Papp, I.; Sari, P.] Hungarian Astron Assoc, Budapest, Hungary. RP Kipping, DM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dkipping@cfa.harvard.edu RI Howard, Andrew/D-4148-2015; OI Howard, Andrew/0000-0001-8638-0320; Fischer, Debra/0000-0003-2221-0861 FU NASA [NNG04GN74G, NNX08AF23G, NNX09AF59G]; SAO IRD; STFC; NSF [AST-0702843, AST-0702821]; Kepler Mission under NASA [NCC2-1390]; Hungarian Scientific Research Foundation (OTKA) [K-81373] FX HATNet operations have been funded by NASA grants NNG04GN74G, NNX08AF23G and SAO IR&D grants. DK was supported by STFC and as an SAO Predoctoral Fellow. Work of G.A.B. and J. Johnson were supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship of the NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Program (AST-0702843 and AST-0702821, respectively). GT acknowledges partial support from NASA grant NNX09AF59G. We acknowledge partial support also from the Kepler Mission under NASA Cooperative Agreement NCC2-1390 (D.W.L., PI). G.K. thanks the Hungarian Scientific Research Foundation (OTKA) for support through grant K-81373. This research has made use of Keck telescope time granted through NOAO and NASA. This paper uses observations obtained with facilities of the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope. NR 58 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 2 BP 2017 EP 2028 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/2/2017 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 697GN UT WOS:000285501300053 ER PT J AU Liu, HB Ho, PTP Zhang, QZ AF Liu, Hauyu Baobab Ho, Paul T. P. Zhang, Qizhou TI THE HIGH-VELOCITY MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS IN MASSIVE CLUSTER-FORMING REGION G10.6-0.4 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE H II regions; ISM: individual objects (G10.6-0.4); ISM: kinematics and dynamics; stars: evolution; stars: formation; stars: massive ID ULTRACOMPACT HII-REGIONS; STAR-FORMATION REGIONS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; CO OUTFLOWS; OB-CLUSTERS; PROTOSTELLAR CANDIDATES; SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; DRIVEN TURBULENCE; BIPOLAR OUTFLOWS AB We report the arcsecond resolution Submillimeter Array observations of the (CO)-C-12 (2-1) transition in the massive cluster-forming region G10.6-0.4. In these observations, the high-velocity (CO)-C-12 emission is resolved into individual outflow systems, which have a typical size scale of a few arcseconds. These molecular outflows are energetic and are interacting with the ambient molecular gas. By inspecting the shock signatures traced by CH3OH, SiO, and HCN emissions, we suggest that abundant star formation activities are distributed over the entire 0.5 pc scale dense molecular envelope. The star formation efficiency over one global free-fall timescale (of the 0.5 pc molecular envelope, similar to 10(5) years) is about a few percent. The total energy feedback of these high-velocity outflows is higher than 10(47) erg, which is comparable to the total kinetic energy in the rotational motion of the dense molecular envelope. From order-of-magnitude estimations, we suggest that the energy injected from the protostellar outflows is capable of balancing the turbulent energy dissipation. No high-velocity bipolar molecular outflow associated with the central OB cluster is directly detected, which can be due to the photoionization. C1 [Liu, Hauyu Baobab; Ho, Paul T. P.; Zhang, Qizhou] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Liu, Hauyu Baobab; Ho, Paul T. P.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Liu, Hauyu Baobab] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Liu, HB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM hlu@cfa.havard.edu; pho@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw OI Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 FU SAO; ASIAA FX B.L. acknowledges support from SAO and ASIAA through an SMA predoctorial fellowship. We thank the SMA staff for supporting the observations; and we thank the anonymous referee for comments that helped us improve this paper. NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 2 BP 2190 EP 2208 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/2/2190 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 697GN UT WOS:000285501300067 ER PT J AU Roman-Zuniga, CG Alves, JF Lada, CJ Lombardi, M AF Roman-Zuniga, Carlos G. Alves, Joao F. Lada, Charles J. Lombardi, Marco TI DEEP NEAR-INFRARED SURVEY OF THE PIPE NEBULA. II. DATA, METHODS, AND DUST EXTINCTION MAPS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: clouds; infrared: ISM; stars: formation ID DENSE CORE POPULATION; STAR-FORMATION ACTIVITY; MASS FUNCTION; DARK CLOUD; MOLECULAR CLOUD; YOUNG STARS; CLUSTER; TAURUS; TRAPEZIUM; OPHIUCHUS AB We present a new set of high-resolution dust extinction maps of the nearby and essentially starless Pipe Nebula molecular cloud. The maps were constructed from a concerted deep near-infrared imaging survey with the ESO-VLT, ESO-NTT, CAHA 3.5 m telescopes, and 2MASS data. The new maps have a resolution three times higher than the previous extinction map of this cloud by Lombardi et al. and are able to resolve structures down to 2600 AU. We detect 244 significant extinction peaks across the cloud. These peaks have masses between 0.1 and 18.4 M-circle dot, diameters between 1.2 and 5.7 x 10(4) AU (0.06 and 0.28 pc), and mean densities of about 10(4) cm(-3), all in good agreement with previous results. From the analysis of the mean surface density of companions we find a well-defined scale near 1.4 x 10(4) AU below which we detect a significant decrease in structure of the cloud. This scale is smaller than the Jeans length calculated from the mean density of the peaks. The surface density of peaks is not uniform but instead it displays clustering. Extinction peaks in the Pipe Nebula appear to have a spatial distribution similar to the stars in Taurus, suggesting that the spatial distribution of stars evolves directly from the primordial spatial distribution of high-density material. C1 [Roman-Zuniga, Carlos G.] Inst Astrofis Andalucia IAA CSIC, Ctr Astron Hispano Aleman, Granada 18008, Spain. [Alves, Joao F.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Lada, Charles J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lombardi, Marco] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Roman-Zuniga, CG (reprint author), Inst Astrofis Andalucia IAA CSIC, Ctr Astron Hispano Aleman, Glorieta Astron S-N, Granada 18008, Spain. RI Roman-Zuniga, Carlos/F-6602-2016; OI Roman-Zuniga, Carlos/0000-0001-8600-4798; LOMBARDI, MARCO/0000-0002-3336-4965; Alves, Joao/0000-0002-4355-0921 FU NASA [NAG 13041, GO20119]; JPL [1279166]; Calar Alto Post-doctoral Fellowship; University of Vienna; National Science Foundation FX We thank an anonymous referee for a comprehensive review of the manuscript, which resulted in significant improvement of the content. We acknowledge Benoit Vandame for providing a code to produce the wavelet-filtered maps, and for his very illustrative tutorials on the topic. We acknowledge fruitful discussions with Doug Johnstone (especially on unsharp masking), Jill Rathborne (who kindly shared information on C18O observations), August Muench, Nestor Sanchez, Miguel Cervino and Paula Teixeira, as well as discussions with the participants of the "Pipe Nebula State of the Union" workshop that took place in Granada in 2009 May. This project acknowledges support from NASA Origins Program (NAG 13041), NASA Spitzer Program GO20119, and JPL contract 1279166. C.G.R. acknowledges support from a Calar Alto Post-doctoral Fellowship. J.F.A. thanks a starting research grant from the University of Vienna. We acknowledge the help of Paranal Observatory, La Silla Observatory, and Calar Alto Observatory science operation teams for assistance during observations. Data in these publications are based on observations collected at the Centro Astronomico Hispano Aleman (CAHA), operated jointly by the Max-Planck Institut fur Astronomie and the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC). This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. NR 41 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 2 BP 2232 EP 2250 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/2/2232 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 697GN UT WOS:000285501300070 ER PT J AU Marengo, M Evans, NR Barmby, P Matthews, LD Bono, G Welch, DL Romaniello, M Huelsman, D Su, KYL Fazio, GG AF Marengo, M. Evans, N. R. Barmby, P. Matthews, L. D. Bono, G. Welch, D. L. Romaniello, M. Huelsman, D. Su, K. Y. L. Fazio, G. G. TI AN INFRARED NEBULA ASSOCIATED WITH delta CEPHEI: EVIDENCE OF MASS LOSS? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared: stars; stars: individual (delta Cephei); stars: mass-loss; stars: variables: Cepheids ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; GALACTIC-CEPHEIDS; CLASSICAL CEPHEIDS; EXTENDED ENVELOPES; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES; LUMINOSITY-RELATION; HORIZONTAL-BRANCH; MAGELLANIC CLOUDS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER AB We present the discovery of an infrared nebula around the Cepheid prototype delta Cephei and its hot companion HD 213307. Large-scale (similar to 2.1 x 10(4) AU) nebulosity is detected at 5.8, 8.0, 24, and 70 mu m. Surrounding the two stars, the 5.8 and 8.0 mu m emission is largely attributable to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission swept from the interstellar medium by a wind originating from delta Cephei and/or its companion. Stochastically heated small dust grains are the most likely source of the 24 and 70 mu m extended emission. The 70 mu m emission, in particular, resembles a bow shock aligned in the direction of the proper motion of delta Cephei. This discovery supports the hypothesis that delta Cephei may be currently losing mass, at a rate in the range of approximate to 5 x 10(-9) to 6 x 10(-8) M-circle dot yr(-1). C1 [Marengo, M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Evans, N. R.; Matthews, L. D.; Huelsman, D.; Fazio, G. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Barmby, P.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 4K7, Canada. [Matthews, L. D.] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Bono, G.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Phys, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Bono, G.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [Welch, D. L.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Romaniello, M.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Huelsman, D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Su, K. Y. L.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Marengo, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016 OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090 FU NASA [1407]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Chandra X-ray Center, NASA [NAS8-03060]; NSF REU; Department of Defence ASSURE [0754568] FX This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under NASA contract 1407. P. B. acknowledges research support through a Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. N.R.E. acknowledges support from the Chandra X-ray Center, NASA contract NAS8-03060. This work was supported in part by the NSF REU and Department of Defence ASSURE programs under grant no. 0754568. NR 73 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 2 BP 2392 EP 2400 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/2/2392 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 697GN UT WOS:000285501300083 ER PT J AU Tsitali, AE Bourke, TL Peterson, DE Myers, PC Dunham, MM Evans, NJ Huard, TL AF Tsitali, Anastasia E. Bourke, Tyler L. Peterson, Dawn E. Myers, Philip C. Dunham, Michael M. Evans, Neal J., II Huard, Tracy L. TI THE SPITZER c2d SURVEY OF NEARBY DENSE CORES. X. STAR FORMATION IN L673 AND CB188 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: individual objects (L673, CB188); stars: formation; stars: pre-main sequence; stars: protostars ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; AURIGA MOLECULAR CLOUD; T-TAURI STARS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; FORMING REGIONS; DISK ACCRETION; EVOLUTIONARY SIGNATURES AB L673 and CB188 are two low-mass clouds isolated from large star-forming regions that were observed as part of the Spitzer Legacy Project "From Molecular Clouds to Planet Forming disks" (c2d). We identified and characterized all the young stellar objects (YSOs) of these two regions and modeled their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) to examine whether their physical properties are consistent with values predicted from the theoretical models and with the YSO properties in the c2d survey of larger clouds. Overall, 30 YSO candidates were identified by the c2d photometric criteria, 27 in L673 and 3 in CB188. We confirm the YSO nature of 29 of them and remove a false Class III candidate in L673. We further present the discovery of two new YSO candidates, one Class 0 and another possible Class I candidate in L673, therefore bringing the total number of YSO candidates to 31. Multiple sites of star formation are present within L673, closely resembling other well-studied c2d clouds containing small groups such as B59 and L1251B, whereas CB188 seems to consist of only one isolated globule-like core. We measure a star formation efficiency (SFE) of 4.6%, which resembles the SFE of the larger c2d clouds. From the SED modeling of our YSO sample we obtain envelope masses for Class I and Flat spectrum sources of 0.01-1.0 M-circle dot. The majority of Class II YSOs show disk accretion rates from 3.3 x 10(-10) to 3 x 10(-8) M-circle dot yr(-1) and disk masses that peak at 10(-4) to 10(-3) M-circle dot. Finally, we examined the possibility of thermal fragmentation in L673 as the main star-forming process. We find that the mean density of the regions where significant YSO clustering occurs is of the order of similar to 10(5) cm(-3) using 850 mu m observations and measure a Jeans Length that is greater than the near-neighbor YSO separations by approximately a factor of 3-4. We therefore suggest that other processes, such as turbulence and shock waves, may have had a significant effect on the cloud's filamentary structure and YSO clustering. C1 [Tsitali, Anastasia E.; Bourke, Tyler L.; Peterson, Dawn E.; Myers, Philip C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tsitali, Anastasia E.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Dunham, Michael M.; Evans, Neal J., II] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Huard, Tracy L.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Tsitali, AE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM atsitali@cfa.harvard.edu; tbourke@cfa.harvard.edu; dpeterson@cfa.harvard.edu; pmyers@cfa.harvard.edu; mdunham@astro.as.utexas.edu; nje@astro.as.utexas.edu; thuard@astro.umd.edu FU University of Southampton; NASA [1279198, 1288806, 1365763]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology FX A.E.T. thanks the University of Southampton for sponsoring the visiting student program at the CfA. Partial support for A. E. T and T. L. B. was provided by NASA through contracts 1279198, 1288806, and 1365763 issued by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, to the Smithsonian Astronomical Observatory. NR 85 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 725 IS 2 BP 2461 EP 2479 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/725/2/2461 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 697GN UT WOS:000285501300088 ER PT J AU Wahhaj, Z Cieza, L Koerner, DW Stapelfeldt, KR Padgett, DL Case, A Keller, JR Merin, B Evans, NJ Harvey, P Sargent, A van Dishoeck, EF Allen, L Blake, G Brooke, T Chapman, N Mundy, L Myers, PC AF Wahhaj, Zahed Cieza, Lucas Koerner, David W. Stapelfeldt, Karl R. Padgett, Deborah L. Case, April Keller, James R. Merin, Bruno Evans, Neal J., II Harvey, Paul Sargent, Anneila van Dishoeck, Ewine F. Allen, Lori Blake, Geoff Brooke, Tim Chapman, Nicholas Mundy, Lee Myers, Philip C. TI THE SPITZER c2d SURVEY OF WEAK-LINE T TAURI STARS. III. THE TRANSITION FROM PRIMORDIAL DISKS TO DEBRIS DISKS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared: stars; planetary systems; protoplanetary disks; stars: pre-main sequence ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; TERRESTRIAL PLANET FORMATION; CENTAURUS OB ASSOCIATION; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SUN-LIKE STARS; LOW-MASS STARS; BINARY-SYSTEMS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS AB We present 3.6 to 70 mu m Spitzer photometry of 154 weak-line T Tauri stars (WTTSs) in the Chamaeleon, Lupus, Ophiuchus, and Taurus star formation regions, all of which are within 200 pc of the Sun. For a comparative study, we also include 33 classical T Tauri stars which are located in the same star-forming regions. Spitzer sensitivities allow us to robustly detect the photosphere in the IRAC bands (3.6 to 8 mu m) and the 24 mu m MIPS band. In the 70 mu m MIPS band, we are able to detect dust emission brighter than roughly 40 times the photosphere. These observations represent the most sensitive WTTSs survey in the mid-to far-infrared to date and reveal the frequency of outer disks (r = 3-50 AU) around WTTSs. The 70 mu m photometry for half the c2d WTTSs sample (the on-cloud objects), which were not included in the earlier papers in this series, those of Padgett et al. and Cieza et al., are presented here for the first time. We find a disk frequency of 19% for on-cloud WTTSs, but just 5% for off-cloud WTTSs, similar to the value reported in the earlier works. WTTSs exhibit spectral energy distributions that are quite diverse, spanning the range from optically thick to optically thin disks. Most disks become more tenuous than L(disk)/L(*) = 2 x 10(-3) in 2 Myr and more tenuous than L(disk)/L(*) = 5 x 10(-4) in 4 Myr. C1 [Wahhaj, Zahed; Cieza, Lucas] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Koerner, David W.; Case, April] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Stapelfeldt, Karl R.; Chapman, Nicholas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Padgett, Deborah L.; Brooke, Tim] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Keller, James R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Merin, Bruno] European Space Astron Ctr ESA, Herschel Sci Ctr, Villanueva De La Canada 28691, Madrid, Spain. [Evans, Neal J., II; Harvey, Paul] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Sargent, Anneila] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [van Dishoeck, Ewine F.] Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Allen, Lori] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Blake, Geoff] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mundy, Lee] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Myers, Philip C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wahhaj, Z (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RI Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012; OI Merin, Bruno/0000-0002-8555-3012 FU NASA [1224608, 1230782, 1230799, 1407]; National Science Foundation FX Support for this work, which is part of the Spitzer Legacy Science Program, was provided by NASA through contracts 1224608, 1230782, and 1230799 issued by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under NASA contract 1407. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center funded by NASA and the National Science Foundation. We also acknowledge use of the SIMBAD database. NR 97 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 724 IS 2 BP 835 EP 854 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/724/2/835 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679GE UT WOS:000284149000002 ER PT J AU Kovacs, G Bakos, GA Hartman, JD Torres, G Noyes, RW Latham, DW Howard, AW Fischer, DA Johnson, JA Marcy, GW Isaacson, H Sasselov, DD Stefanik, RP Esquerdo, GA Fernandez, JM Lazar, BBJ Papp, I Sari, P AF Kovacs, G. Bakos, G. A. Hartman, J. D. Torres, G. Noyes, R. W. Latham, D. W. Howard, A. W. Fischer, D. A. Johnson, J. A. Marcy, G. W. Isaacson, H. Sasselov, D. D. Stefanik, R. P. Esquerdo, G. A. Fernandez, J. M. Lazar, B. Beky J. Papp, I. Sari, P. TI HAT-P-15b: A 10.9 DAY EXTRASOLAR PLANET TRANSITING A SOLAR-TYPE STAR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars: individual (HAT-P-15); techniques: photometric; techniques: spectroscopic ID GAS GIANT PLANETS; HOT JUPITERS; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; MASS STARS; K-DWARF; FIELD; PHOTOMETRY; STELLAR; VARIABILITY; SYSTEMS AB We report the discovery of HAT-P-15b, a transiting extrasolar planet in the "period valley," a relatively sparsely populated period regime of the known extrasolar planets. The host star, GSC 2883-01687, is a G5 dwarf with V = 12.16. It has a mass of 1.01 +/- 0.04 M(circle dot), radius of 1.08 +/- 0.04 R(circle dot), effective temperature 5568 +/- 90 K, and metallicity [Fe/H] = +0.22 +/- 0.08. The planetary companion orbits the star with a period P = 10.863502 +/- 0.000027 days, transit epoch T(c) = 2454638.56019 +/- 0.00048 (BJD), and transit duration 0.2285 +/- 0.0015 days. It has a mass of 1.946 +/- 0.066 M(J) and radius of 1.072 +/- 0.043 R(J) yielding a mean density of 1.96 +/- 0.22 g cm(-3). At an age of 6.8(-1.6)(+2.5) Gyr, the planet is H/He-dominated and theoretical models require about 2% (10 M(circle plus)) worth of heavy elements to reproduce its measured radius. With an estimated equilibrium temperature of similar to 820 K during transit, and similar to 1000 K at occultation, HAT-P-15b is a potential candidate to study moderately cool planetary atmospheres by transmission and occultation spectroscopy. C1 [Kovacs, G.] Konkoly Observ Budapest, Budapest, Hungary. [Bakos, G. A.; Hartman, J. D.; Torres, G.; Noyes, R. W.; Latham, D. W.; Sasselov, D. D.; Stefanik, R. P.; Esquerdo, G. A.; Fernandez, J. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Howard, A. W.; Marcy, G. W.; Isaacson, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fischer, D. A.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Johnson, J. A.] CALTECH, Dept Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Fernandez, J. M.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Astrophys, Gottingen, Germany. [Lazar, B. Beky J.; Papp, I.; Sari, P.] Hungarian Astron Assoc, Budapest, Hungary. RP Kovacs, G (reprint author), Konkoly Observ Budapest, Budapest, Hungary. EM gbakos@cfa.harvard.edu RI Howard, Andrew/D-4148-2015; OI Howard, Andrew/0000-0001-8638-0320; Fischer, Debra/0000-0003-2221-0861 FU NASA [NNG04GN74G, NNX08AF23G, NNX09AF59G, N128Hr, N145Hr, N018Hr]; NSF [AST-0702843, AST-0702821]; Kepler Mission under NASA [NCC2-1390]; Hungarian Scientific Research Foundation (OTKA) [K-81373]; NOAO [A285Hr, A146Hr] FX HATNet operations have been funded by NASA grants NNG04GN74G, NNX08AF23G, and SAO IR&D. Work of G.A.B. and J.A.J. was supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship of the NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Program (AST-0702843 and AST-0702821, respectively). G.T. acknowledges partial support from NASA grant NNX09AF59G. We acknowledge partial support also from the Kepler Mission under NASA Cooperative Agreement NCC2-1390 (D.W.L., PI). G.K. thanks the Hungarian Scientific Research Foundation (OTKA) for support through grant K-81373. This research has made use of Keck telescope time granted through NOAO (programs A285Hr and A146Hr) and NASA(programs N128Hr, N145Hr, and N018Hr). We thank the anonymous referee for the helpful comments concerning the radial velocity dispersion. NR 73 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 724 IS 2 BP 866 EP 877 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/724/2/866 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679GE UT WOS:000284149000005 ER PT J AU Hopkins, PF Croton, D Bundy, K Khochfar, S van den Bosch, F Somerville, RS Wetzel, A Keres, D Hernquist, L Stewart, K Younger, JD Genel, S Ma, CP AF Hopkins, Philip F. Croton, Darren Bundy, Kevin Khochfar, Sadegh van den Bosch, Frank Somerville, Rachel S. Wetzel, Andrew Keres, Dusan Hernquist, Lars Stewart, Kyle Younger, Joshua D. Genel, Shy Ma, Chung-Pei TI MERGERS IN Lambda CDM: UNCERTAINTIES IN THEORETICAL PREDICTIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF THE MERGER RATE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: theory; galaxies: active; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation ID COLD DARK-MATTER; GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; HALO OCCUPATION DISTRIBUTION; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; TULLY-FISHER RELATION; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; N-BODY SIMULATIONS; HIERARCHICAL SATELLITE ACCRETION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI AB Different theoretical methodologies lead to order-of-magnitude variations in predicted galaxy-galaxy merger rates. We examine how this arises and quantify the dominant uncertainties. Modeling of dark matter and galaxy inspiral/merger times contribute factor of similar to 2 uncertainties. Different estimates of the halo-halo merger rate, the subhalo "destruction" rate, and the halo merger rate with some dynamical friction time delay for galaxy-galaxy mergers, agree to within this factor of similar to 2, provided proper care is taken to define mergers consistently. There are some caveats: if halo/subhalo masses are not appropriately defined the major-merger rate can be dramatically suppressed, and in models with "orphan" galaxies and under-resolved subhalos the merger timescale can be severely overestimated. The dominant differences in galaxy-galaxy merger rates between models owe to the treatment of the baryonic physics. Cosmological hydrodynamic simulations without strong feedback and some older semi-analytic models (SAMs), with known discrepancies in mass functions, can be biased by large factors (similar to 5) in predicted merger rates. However, provided that models yield a reasonable match to the total galaxy mass function, the differences in properties of central galaxies are sufficiently small to alone contribute small (factor of similar to 1.5) additional systematics to merger rate predictions. But variations in the baryonic physics of satellite galaxies in models can also have a dramatic effect on merger rates. The well-known problem of satellite "over-quenching" in most current SAMs-whereby SAM satellite populations are too efficiently stripped of their gas-could lead to order-of-magnitude under-estimates of merger rates for low-mass, gas-rich galaxies. Models in which the masses of satellites are fixed by observations (or SAMs adjusted to resolve this "over-quenching") tend to predict higher merger rates, but with factor of similar to 2 uncertainties stemming from the uncertainty in those observations. The choice of mass used to define "major" and "minor" mergers also matters: stellar-stellar major mergers can be more or less abundant than halo-halo major mergers by an order of magnitude. At low masses, most true major mergers (mass ratio defined in terms of their baryonic or dynamical mass) will appear to be minor mergers in their stellar mass ratio-observations and models using just stellar criteria could underestimate major-merger rates by factors of similar to 3-5. We discuss the uncertainties in relating any merger rate to spheroid formation (in observations or theory): in order to achieve better than factor of similar to 3 accuracy, it is necessary to account for the distribution of merger orbital parameters, gas fractions, and the full efficiency of merger-induced effects as a function of mass ratio. C1 [Hopkins, Philip F.; Bundy, Kevin; Wetzel, Andrew; Ma, Chung-Pei] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Croton, Darren] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Khochfar, Sadegh; Hernquist, Lars; Genel, Shy] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [van den Bosch, Frank] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Somerville, Rachel S.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Somerville, Rachel S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Keres, Dusan] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stewart, Kyle] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Younger, Joshua D.] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Hopkins, PF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley FX We thank Simon White, Gabriella de Lucia, Owen Parry, Carlos Frenk, Andrew Benson, Shardha Jogee, Thorsten Naab, Eyal Neistein, Simone Weinmann, Volker Springel, Martin White, Joanne Cohn, Carrie Bridge, Jennifer Lotz, T. J. Cox, and Eliot Quataert for helpful discussions throughout the development of this work. Support for P.F.H. was provided by the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley. NR 264 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 724 IS 2 BP 915 EP 945 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/724/2/915 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679GE UT WOS:000284149000010 ER PT J AU Girardi, L Williams, BF Gilbert, KM Rosenfield, P Dalcanton, JJ Marigo, P Boyer, ML Dolphin, A Weisz, DR Melbourne, J Olsen, KAG Seth, AC Skillman, E AF Girardi, Leo Williams, Benjamin F. Gilbert, Karoline M. Rosenfield, Philip Dalcanton, Julianne J. Marigo, Paola Boyer, Martha L. Dolphin, Andrew Weisz, Daniel R. Melbourne, Jason Olsen, Knut A. G. Seth, Anil C. Skillman, Evan TI THE ACS NEARBY GALAXY SURVEY TREASURY. IX. CONSTRAINING ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH EVOLUTION WITH OLD METAL-POOR GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: general ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; DWARF IRREGULAR GALAXIES; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; LMC CLUSTER NGC-1846; SPITZER-IRAC CENSUS; LOCAL GROUP DWARFS; MASS-LOSS RATES; TP-AGB MODELS; POPULATION SYNTHESIS AB In an attempt to constrain evolutionary models of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase at the limit of low masses and low metallicities, we have examined the luminosity functions and number ratios between AGB and red giant branch (RGB) stars from a sample of resolved galaxies from the ACS Nearby Galaxy Survey Treasury. This database provides Hubble Space Telescope optical photometry together with maps of completeness, photometric errors, and star formation histories for dozens of galaxies within 4 Mpc. We select 12 galaxies characterized by predominantly metal-poor populations as indicated by a very steep and blue RGB, and which do not present any indication of recent star formation in their color-magnitude diagrams. Thousands of AGB stars brighter than the tip of the RGB (TRGB) are present in the sample (between 60 and 400 per galaxy), hence, the Poisson noise has little impact in our measurements of the AGB/RGB ratio. We model the photometric data with a few sets of thermally pulsing AGB (TP-AGB) evolutionary models with different prescriptions for the mass loss. This technique allows us to set stringent constraints on the TP-AGB models of low-mass, metal-poor stars (with M < 1.5 M(circle dot), [Fe/H] less than or similar to -1.0). Indeed, those which satisfactorily reproduce the observed AGB/RGB ratios have TP-AGB lifetimes between 1.2 and 1.8 Myr, and finish their nuclear burning lives with masses between 0.51 and 0.55 M(circle dot). This is also in good agreement with recent observations of white dwarf masses in the M4 old globular cluster. These constraints can be added to those already derived from Magellanic Cloud star clusters as important mileposts in the arduous process of calibrating AGB evolutionary models. C1 [Girardi, Leo] Osservatorio Astron Padova INAF, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Williams, Benjamin F.; Gilbert, Karoline M.; Rosenfield, Philip; Dalcanton, Julianne J.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Marigo, Paola] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Boyer, Martha L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Dolphin, Andrew] Raytheon Co, Tucson, AZ 85756 USA. [Weisz, Daniel R.; Skillman, Evan] Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Melbourne, Jason] CALTECH, Opt Observ, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Olsen, Knut A. G.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Seth, Anil C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Girardi, L (reprint author), Osservatorio Astron Padova INAF, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padua, Italy. OI Rosenfield, Philip/0000-0001-9306-6049 FU ASI-INAF [I/016/07/0]; HST [GO-10915, GO-10945]; Achievement Rewards for College Scientists (ARCS) Fellowship; NASA [GO-10915, GO-10945, NAS 5-26555]; [INAF/PRIN07 CRA 1.06.10.03]; [AR-10945]; [GO-11718]; [GO-11307] FX L.G. and P.M. acknowledge financial support from contract ASI-INAF I/016/07/0 and INAF/PRIN07 CRA 1.06.10.03. B.F.W., J.J.D., P.R., and D.R.W. acknowledge financial support from HST GO-10915. K.M.G. acknowledges support from HST GO-10945. P.R. acknowledges the Achievement Rewards for College Scientists (ARCS) Fellowship. J.J.D. and P.R. were partially supported by AR-10945, GO-11718, and GO-11307.; This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute. Support for this work was provided by NASA through grant Nos. GO-10915 and GO-10945 from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive and the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which are both operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has made extensive use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. NR 76 TC 210 Z9 210 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 724 IS 2 BP 1030 EP 1043 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/724/2/1030 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679GE UT WOS:000284149000017 ER PT J AU Su, M Slatyer, TR Finkbeiner, DP AF Su, Meng Slatyer, Tracy R. Finkbeiner, Douglas P. TI GIANT GAMMA-RAY BUBBLES FROM FERMI-LAT: ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS ACTIVITY OR BIPOLAR GALACTIC WIND? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: starburst; gamma rays: diffuse background; ISM: jets and outflows ID SGR-A-ASTERISK; MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; HYBRID COSMIC-RAY; X-RAY; BLACK-HOLE; STARBURST GALAXY; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; NGC 253; HYPERVELOCITY STARS AB Data from the Fermi-LAT reveal two large gamma-ray bubbles, extending 50 degrees above and below the Galactic center (GC), with a width of about 40 degrees in longitude. The gamma-ray emission associated with these bubbles has a significantly harder spectrum (dN/dE similar to E-2) than the inverse Compton emission from electrons in the Galactic disk, or the gamma rays produced by the decay of pions from proton-interstellar medium collisions. There is no significant spatial variation in the spectrum or gamma-ray intensity within the bubbles, or between the north and south bubbles. The bubbles are spatially correlated with the hard-spectrum microwave excess known as the WMAP haze; the edges of the bubbles also line up with features in the ROSAT X-ray maps at 1.5-2 keV. We argue that these Galactic gamma-ray bubbles were most likely created by some large episode of energy injection in the GC, such as past accretion events onto the central massive black hole, or a nuclear starburst in the last similar to 10 Myr. Dark matter annihilation/decay seems unlikely to generate all the features of the bubbles and the associated signals in WMAP and ROSAT; the bubbles must be understood in order to use measurements of the diffuse gamma-ray emission in the inner Galaxy as a probe of dark matter physics. Study of the origin and evolution of the bubbles also has the potential to improve our understanding of recent energetic events in the inner Galaxy and the high-latitude cosmic ray population. C1 [Su, Meng; Slatyer, Tracy R.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Slatyer, Tracy R.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Su, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, 60 Garden St,MS 51, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mengsu@cfa.harvard.edu RI Su, Meng/J-4211-2013 FU NASA [NNX10AD85G]; American Australian Association FX We acknowledge helpful conversations with Avery Broderick, Greg Dobler, Martin Elvis, Jim Gunn, Jill Knapp, Maxim Markivitch, David Merritt, Simona Murgia, Norm Murray, Paul Nulsen, Aneta Siemiginowska, David Spergel, Anatoly Spitkovsky, and Neal Weiner. D.F. and T.S. are partially supported by NASA grant NNX10AD85G. TS is partially supported by a Sir Keith Murdoch Fellowship from the American Australian Association. This research made use of the NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) and the IDL Astronomy User's Library at Goddard.19 NR 160 TC 355 Z9 361 U1 5 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 724 IS 2 BP 1044 EP 1082 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/724/2/1044 PG 39 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679GE UT WOS:000284149000018 ER PT J AU Jenkins, JM Borucki, WJ Koch, DG Marcy, GW Cochran, WD Welsh, WF Basri, G Batalha, NM Buchhave, LA Brown, TM Caldwell, DA Dunham, EW Endl, M Fischer, DA Gautier, TN Geary, JC Gilliland, RL Howell, SB Isaacson, H Johnson, JA Latham, DW Lissauer, JJ Monet, DG Rowe, JF Sasselov, DD Howard, AW MacQueen, P Orosz, JA Chandrasekaran, H Twicken, JD Bryson, ST Quintana, EV Clarke, BD Li, J Allen, C Tenenbaum, P Wu, HL Meibom, S Klaus, TC Middour, CK Cote, MT McCauliff, S Girouard, FR Gunter, JP Wohler, B Hall, JR Ibrahim, K Uddin, AKMK Wu, MS Bhavsar, PA Van Cleve, J Pletcher, DL Dotson, JL Haas, MR AF Jenkins, Jon M. Borucki, William J. Koch, David G. Marcy, Geoffrey W. Cochran, William D. Welsh, William F. Basri, Gibor Batalha, Natalie M. Buchhave, Lars A. Brown, Timothy M. Caldwell, Douglas A. Dunham, Edward W. Endl, Michael Fischer, Debra A. Gautier, Thomas N., III Geary, John C. Gilliland, Ronald L. Howell, Steve B. Isaacson, Howard Johnson, John Asher Latham, David W. Lissauer, Jack J. Monet, David G. Rowe, Jason F. Sasselov, Dimitar D. Howard, Andrew W. MacQueen, Phillip Orosz, Jerome A. Chandrasekaran, Hema Twicken, Joseph D. Bryson, Stephen T. Quintana, Elisa V. Clarke, Bruce D. Li, Jie Allen, Christopher Tenenbaum, Peter Wu, Hayley Meibom, Soren Klaus, Todd C. Middour, Christopher K. Cote, Miles T. McCauliff, Sean Girouard, Forrest R. Gunter, Jay P. Wohler, Bill Hall, Jennifer R. Ibrahim, Khadeejah Uddin, A. K. M. Kamal Wu, Michael S. Bhavsar, Paresh A. Van Cleve, Jeffrey Pletcher, David L. Dotson, Jessie L. Haas, Michael R. TI DISCOVERY AND ROSSITER-McLAUGHLIN EFFECT OF EXOPLANET KEPLER-8b SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE radio lines: planetary systems; stars: fundamental parameters; stars: individual (Kepler-8, KIC 6822244, 2MASS 18450914+4227038) ID SPIN-ORBIT ALIGNMENT; EXTRASOLAR PLANETARY SYSTEMS; SPECTROSCOPIC TRANSIT; DYNAMICAL RELAXATION; RETROGRADE ORBIT; Y-2 ISOCHRONES; HD 147506B; PARAMETERS; ECCENTRICITY; MISALIGNMENT AB We report on the discovery and the Rossiter-McLaughlin (R-M) effect of Kepler-8b, a transiting planet identified by the NASA Kepler Mission. Kepler photometry and Keck-HIRES radial velocities yield the radius and mass of the planet around this F8IV subgiant host star. The planet has a radius R(P) = 1.419 R(J) and a mass M(P) = 0.60 M(J), yielding a density of 0.26 g cm(-3), one of the lowest planetary densities known. The orbital period is P = 3.523 days and the orbital semimajor axis is 0.0483(-0.0012)(+0.0006) AU. The star has a large rotational v sin i of 10.5 +/- 0.7 kms(-1) and is relatively faint (V approximate to 13.89 mag); both properties are deleterious to precise Doppler measurements. The velocities are indeed noisy, with scatter of 30 ms(-1), but exhibit a period and phase that are consistent with those implied by transit photometry. We securely detect the R-M effect, confirming the planet's existence and establishing its orbit as prograde. We measure an inclination between the projected planetary orbital axis and the projected stellar rotation axis of lambda = -26 degrees.4 +/- 10 degrees.1, indicating a significant inclination of the planetary orbit. R-M measurements of a large sample of transiting planets from Kepler will provide a statistically robust measure of the true distribution of spin-orbit orientations for hot Jupiters around F and early G stars. C1 [Jenkins, Jon M.; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Chandrasekaran, Hema; Twicken, Joseph D.; Quintana, Elisa V.; Clarke, Bruce D.; Li, Jie; Tenenbaum, Peter; Wu, Hayley; Van Cleve, Jeffrey] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Basri, Gibor; Isaacson, Howard; Howard, Andrew W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; MacQueen, Phillip] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Welsh, William F.; Orosz, Jerome A.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Batalha, Natalie M.] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Buchhave, Lars A.; Geary, John C.; Latham, David W.; Sasselov, Dimitar D.; Meibom, Soren] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Buchhave, Lars A.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Brown, Timothy M.] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Dunham, Edward W.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Fischer, Debra A.] Radcliffe Inst, Cambridge, MA USA. [Fischer, Debra A.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Gautier, Thomas N., III] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gilliland, Ronald L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Howell, Steve B.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Monet, David G.] USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Allen, Christopher; Klaus, Todd C.; Middour, Christopher K.; McCauliff, Sean; Girouard, Forrest R.; Gunter, Jay P.; Wohler, Bill; Hall, Jennifer R.; Ibrahim, Khadeejah; Uddin, A. K. M. Kamal] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Orbital Sci Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Wu, Michael S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bast Technol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Jenkins, JM (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Jon.Jenkins@nasa.gov RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014; Howard, Andrew/D-4148-2015; OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616; Howard, Andrew/0000-0001-8638-0320; Buchhave, Lars A./0000-0003-1605-5666; Fischer, Debra/0000-0003-2221-0861 FU W. M. Keck Foundation; NASA's Science Mission Directorate; NASA [NNX06AH52G] FX Based in part on observations obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership between the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation.; Funding for this mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. Many people have contributed to the success of the Kepler Mission, and it is impossible to acknowledge them all. Valuable advice and assistance were provided by Willie Torres, Riley Duren, M. Crane, D. Ciardi, and Josh Winn. Special technical help was provided by Carly Chubak, G. Mandushev, and Josh Winn. We thank E. Bachtel and his team at Ball Aerospace for their work on the Kepler photometer and R. Thompson for key contributions to engineering, and C. Botosh for able management. G.W.M. thanks and acknowledges support from NASA Cooperative Agreement NNX06AH52G. NR 74 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 724 IS 2 BP 1108 EP 1119 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/724/2/1108 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679GE UT WOS:000284149000021 ER PT J AU Gibson, SE Kucera, TA Rastawicki, D Dove, J De Toma, G Hao, J Hill, S Hudson, HS Marque, C McIntosh, PS Rachmeler, L Reeves, KK Schmieder, B Schmit, DJ Seaton, DB Sterling, AC Tripathi, D Williams, DR Zhang, M AF Gibson, S. E. Kucera, T. A. Rastawicki, D. Dove, J. De Toma, G. Hao, J. Hill, S. Hudson, H. S. Marque, C. McIntosh, P. S. Rachmeler, L. Reeves, K. K. Schmieder, B. Schmit, D. J. Seaton, D. B. Sterling, A. C. Tripathi, D. Williams, D. R. Zhang, M. TI THREE-DIMENSIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF A CORONAL PROMINENCE CAVITY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: filaments, prominences; Sun: magnetic topology ID TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE; WHOLE SUN MONTH; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; MASS EJECTIONS; TEMPERATURES; CALIBRATION; DENSITIES; TRACE; TOMOGRAPHY AB We present a three-dimensional density model of coronal prominence cavities, and a morphological fit that has been tightly constrained by a uniquely well-observed cavity. Observations were obtained as part of an International Heliophysical Year campaign by instruments from a variety of space-and ground-based observatories, spanning wavelengths from radio to soft X-ray to integrated white light. From these data it is clear that the prominence cavity is the limb manifestation of a longitudinally extended polar-crown filament channel, and that the cavity is a region of low density relative to the surrounding corona. As a first step toward quantifying density and temperature from campaign spectroscopic data, we establish the three-dimensional morphology of the cavity. This is critical for taking line-of-sight projection effects into account, since cavities are not localized in the plane of the sky and the corona is optically thin. We have augmented a global coronal streamer model to include a tunnel-like cavity with elliptical cross-section and a Gaussian variation of height along the tunnel length. We have developed a semi-automated routine that fits ellipses to cross-sections of the cavity as it rotates past the solar limb, and have applied it to Extreme Ultraviolet Imager observations from the two Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory spacecraft. This defines the morphological parameters of our model, from which we reproduce forward-modeled cavity observables. We find that cavity morphology and orientation, in combination with the viewpoints of the observing spacecraft, explain the observed variation in cavity visibility for the east versus west limbs. C1 [Gibson, S. E.; De Toma, G.; Rachmeler, L.] HAO NCAR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Kucera, T. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rastawicki, D.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Dove, J.] Metropolitan State Coll, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Hao, J.; Zhang, M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Hill, S.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hudson, H. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marque, C.; Seaton, D. B.] Royal Observ Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [McIntosh, P. S.] HelioSynopt Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Reeves, K. K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schmieder, B.] LESIA, Observ Paris, Sect Meudon, Paris, France. [Schmit, D. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sterling, A. C.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Dept SD50, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Tripathi, D.] Univ Cambridge, DAMTP, Ctr Math Sci, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. [Williams, D. R.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Gibson, SE (reprint author), HAO NCAR, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RI Williams, David/E-6676-2011; Kucera, Therese/C-9558-2012; Tripathi, Durgesh/D-9390-2012; Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014; OI Williams, David/0000-0001-9922-8117; Tripathi, Durgesh/0000-0003-1689-6254; Kucera, Therese/0000-0001-9632-447X; SEATON, DANIEL/0000-0002-0494-2025 FU International Space Science Institute (ISSI); NASA; National Science Foundation FX We thank the International Space Science Institute (ISSI), which funded a Working Group on Coronal Cavities involving many of the co-authors. We thank Alice Lecinski for internal HAO review, Joan Burkepile for assistance with the Mk4 data, and Arnaud Thernisien for assistance with the STEREO Carrington maps. A.C.S. and T.A.K. were supported by the NASA SHP program. SOHO is a project of international collaboration between ESA and NASA. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in cooperation with ESA and NSC (Norway). The STEREO/SECCHI data used here are produced by an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab (USA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), University of Birmingham (UK), Max-Planck-Institut fr Sonnensystemforschung (Germany), Centre Spatiale de Liege (Belgium), Institut d'Optique Thorique et Applique (France), and Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France). The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National Science Foundation. NR 46 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 724 IS 2 BP 1133 EP 1146 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/724/2/1133 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679GE UT WOS:000284149000023 ER PT J AU Tamura, Y Iono, D Wilner, DJ Kajisawa, M Uchimoto, YK Alexander, DM Chung, A Ezawa, H Hatsukade, B Hayashino, T Hughes, DH Ichikawa, T Ikarashi, S Kawabe, R Kohno, K Lehmer, BD Matsuda, Y Nakanishi, K Takata, T Wilson, GW Yamada, T Yun, MS AF Tamura, Y. Iono, D. Wilner, D. J. Kajisawa, M. Uchimoto, Y. K. Alexander, D. M. Chung, A. Ezawa, H. Hatsukade, B. Hayashino, T. Hughes, D. H. Ichikawa, T. Ikarashi, S. Kawabe, R. Kohno, K. Lehmer, B. D. Matsuda, Y. Nakanishi, K. Takata, T. Wilson, G. W. Yamada, T. Yun, M. S. TI SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY IDENTIFICATION OF THE MILLIMETER-SELECTED GALAXY SSA22-AzTEC1: A PROTOQUASAR IN A PROTOCLUSTER? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: formation; galaxies: starburst; infrared: galaxies; quasars: general; submillimeter: galaxies; X-rays: galaxies ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; HUBBLE-DEEP-FIELD; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; DEGREE EXTRAGALACTIC SURVEY; RAY SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE AB We present results from Submillimeter Array (SMA) 860 mu m subarcsecond astrometry and multiwavelength observations of the brightest millimeter (S-1.1mm = 8.4 mJy) source, SSA22-AzTEC1, found near the core of the SSA22 protocluster that is traced by Ly alpha-emitting galaxies at z = 3.09. We identify a 860 mu m counterpart with a flux density of S-860 mu m = 12.2 +/- 2.3 mJy and absolute positional accuracy that is better than 0 ''.3. At the SMA position, we find radio-to-mid-infrared counterparts, whilst no object is found in Subaru optical and near-infrared deep images at wavelengths <= 1 mu m (J > 25.4 in AB, 2 sigma). The photometric redshift estimate, using flux densities at >= 24 mu m, indicates z(phot) = 3.19(-0.35)(+0.26) , consistent with the protocluster redshift. We then model the near-to-mid-infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) of SSA22-AzTEC1, and find that the SED modeling requires a large extinction (A(V) approximate to 3.4 mag) of starlight from a stellar component with M-star similar to 10(10.9) M-circle dot, assuming z = 3.1. Additionally, we find a significant X-ray counterpart with a very hard spectrum (Gamma(eff) = -0.34(-0.61)(+0.57)), strongly suggesting that SSA22-AzTEC1 harbors a luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs; L-X approximate to 3 x 10(44) erg s(-1)) behind a large hydrogen column (N-H similar to 10(24) cm(-2)). The AGN, however, is responsible for only similar to 10% of the bolometric luminosity of the host galaxy, and therefore the star formation activity likely dominates the submillimeter emission. It is possible that SSA22-AzTEC1 is the first example of a protoquasar growing at the bottom of the gravitational potential underlying the SSA22 protocluster. C1 [Tamura, Y.; Iono, D.; Hatsukade, B.; Kawabe, R.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Nobeyama Radio Observ, Minamisa Ku, Minamimaki, Nagano 3841305, Japan. [Tamura, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Wilner, D. J.; Chung, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kajisawa, M.; Hayashino, T.; Ichikawa, T.; Yamada, T.] Tohoku Univ, Astron Inst, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Kajisawa, M.] Ehime Univ, Res Ctr Space & Cosm Evolut, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Uchimoto, Y. K.; Hatsukade, B.; Ikarashi, S.; Kohno, K.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Alexander, D. M.; Lehmer, B. D.; Matsuda, Y.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Chung, A.] Yonsei Univ, Dept Astron, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Ezawa, H.; Nakanishi, K.; Takata, T.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Hughes, D. H.] Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla 72000, Mexico. [Kawabe, R.] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Kohno, K.] Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Lehmer, B. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Lehmer, B. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wilson, G. W.; Yun, M. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Tamura, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Nobeyama Radio Observ, Minamisa Ku, 462-2 Nobeyama, Minamimaki, Nagano 3841305, Japan. EM yoichi.tamura@nao.ac.jp OI Alexander, David/0000-0002-5896-6313 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Royal Society; Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica; Philip Leverhulme Prize FX We are grateful to the referee for constructive suggestions which improved the presentation of this work. Y.T. thanks N. Kawakatu, T. Kodama, K. Kawara, and T. Oshima for fruitful discussions. Y.T. and B.H. are financially supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for Young Scientists. D.M.A. thanks the Royal Society and a Philip Leverhulme Prize for funding. The Nobeyama Radio Observatory is a branch of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, the National Institute of Natural Sciences (NINS). The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. This work is based in part on archival data obtained with the NASA Spitzer Space Telescope. NR 152 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 724 IS 2 BP 1270 EP 1282 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/724/2/1270 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679GE UT WOS:000284149000033 ER PT J AU Hasoglu, MF Abdel-Naby, SA Gorczyca, TW Drake, JJ McLaughlin, BM AF Hasoglu, M. F. Abdel-Naby, Sh. A. Gorczyca, T. W. Drake, J. J. McLaughlin, B. M. TI K-SHELL PHOTOABSORPTION STUDIES OF THE CARBON ISONUCLEAR SEQUENCE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; BL Lacertae objects: individual (Mkn 421); galaxies: active; ISM: lines and bands; X-rays: galaxies ID X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; MULTIPHASE INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; ABSORPTION-EDGE; XMM-NEWTON; FLUORESCENCE YIELDS; BINDING-ENERGIES; ATOMIC CARBON; CRAB-NEBULA; OXYGEN AB K-shell photoabsorption cross sections for the isonuclear CI-CIV ions have been computed using the R-matrix method. Above the K-shell threshold, the present results are in good agreement with the independent-particle results of Reilman & Manson. Below threshold, we also compute the strong 1s -> np absorption resonances with the inclusion of important spectator Auger broadening effects. For the lowest 1s -> 2p, 3p resonances, comparisons to available CII, CIII, and C IV experimental results show good agreement in general for the resonance strengths and positions. Our results also provide detailed information on the C I K-shell photoabsorption cross section including the strong resonance features, since very limited laboratory experimental data exist. The resultant R-matrix cross sections are then used to model the Chandra X-ray absorption spectrum of the blazar Mkn 421. C1 [Hasoglu, M. F.; Abdel-Naby, Sh. A.; Gorczyca, T. W.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Drake, J. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McLaughlin, B. M.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, CTAMOP, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Hasoglu, MF (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RI Abdel-Naby, Shahin/G-1295-2014 OI Abdel-Naby, Shahin/0000-0002-9268-3587 FU NASA APRA; NASA SHP SRT; Chandra Project; NASA [NAS8-39073]; US National Science Foundation FX M.F.H., Sh.A., and T.W.G. were supported in part by NASA APRA, NASA SHP SR&T, and Chandra Project grants. J.J.D. was supported by NASA contract NAS8-39073 to the Chandra X-ray Center. B.M.McL. acknowledges support by the US National Science Foundation through a grant to ITAMP at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 724 IS 2 BP 1296 EP 1304 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/724/2/1296 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679GE UT WOS:000284149000035 ER PT J AU Jiang, P Ge, JA Prochaska, JX Wang, JF Zhou, HY Wang, TG AF Jiang, Peng Ge, Jian Prochaska, J. Xavier Wang, Junfeng Zhou, Hongyan Wang, Tinggui TI HIGH DUST DEPLETION IN TWO INTERVENING QUASAR ABSORPTION LINE SYSTEMS WITH THE 2175 angstrom EXTINCTION BUMP AT z similar to 1.4 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; ISM: abundances; quasars: absorption lines; quasars: individual ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; LYMAN-ALPHA SYSTEMS; CHEMICAL ENRICHMENT HISTORY; SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; 1ST DATA RELEASE; GAS-PHASE IRON; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; ABUNDANCE DATABASE; INFRARED-EMISSION AB We present the column densities of heavy elements and dust depletion studies in two strong Mg II absorption systems at z similar to 1.4 displaying the 2175 angstrom dust extinction feature. Column densities are measured from low-ionization absorption lines using an Apparent Optical Depth Method on the Keck/ESI spectra. We find that the dust depletion patterns resemble that of cold diffuse clouds in the Milky Way (MW). The values, [Fe/Zn] approximate to -1.5 and [Si/Zn]< -0.67, are among the highest dust depletion measured for quasar absorption line systems. In another 2175 angstrom absorber at z = 1.64 toward the quasar SDSS J160457.50+220300.5, Noterdaeme et al. reported a similar dust depletion measurement ([Fe/Zn] = -1.47 and [Si/Zn] = -1.07) and detected C i and CO absorption lines on its VLT/UVES spectrum. We conclude that heavy dust depletion (i. e., a characteristic of cold dense clouds in MW) is required to produce a pronounced 2175 angstrom extinction bump. C1 [Jiang, Peng; Zhou, Hongyan; Wang, Tinggui] Univ Sci & Technol China, Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Peng; Ge, Jian] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Bryant Space Sci Ctr 211, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Prochaska, J. Xavier] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Prochaska, J. Xavier] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Wang, Junfeng] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Jiang, P (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. EM jpaty@mail.ustc.edu.cn RI Wang, Junfeng/A-1476-2011; 王, 挺贵/B-8293-2013 FU NSF [AST-0451407, AST-0451408, AST-0705139, AST-0548180, AST-0908910]; China NSF [NSF-10973012]; China Scholarship Council; CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams; W. M. Keck Foundation FX This work was partially supported by NSF with grant NSF AST-0451407, AST-0451408, and AST-0705139 and a China NSF grant (NSF-10973012). P.J acknowledges support from China Scholarship Council. This research has also been partially supported by the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams. J.X.P. is partially supported by an NSF CAREER grant (AST-0548180) and by NSF grant AST-0908910.; The data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 724 IS 2 BP 1325 EP 1335 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/724/2/1325 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679GE UT WOS:000284149000038 ER PT J AU Frisch, PC Andersson, BG Berdyugin, A Funsten, HO Magalhaes, AM McComas, DJ Piirola, V Schwadron, NA Slavin, JD Wiktorowicz, SJ AF Frisch, Priscilla C. Andersson, B-G Berdyugin, Andrei Funsten, Herbert O. Magalhaes, Antonio M. McComas, David J. Piirola, Vilppu Schwadron, Nathan A. Slavin, Jonathan D. Wiktorowicz, Sloane J. TI COMPARISONS OF THE INTERSTELLAR MAGNETIC FIELD DIRECTIONS OBTAINED FROM THE IBEX RIBBON AND INTERSTELLAR POLARIZATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; ISM: bubbles; ISM: general; ISM: magnetic fields; Sun: heliosphere ID BOUNDARY EXPLORER; OUTER HELIOSPHERE; GALACTIC ENVIRONMENT; LOCAL BUBBLE; ENA FLUX; HELIOSHEATH; PARAMETERS; MODELS; STARS; GAS AB Variations in the spatial configuration of the interstellar magnetic field (ISMF) near the Sun can be constrained by comparing the ISMF direction at the heliosphere found from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) spacecraft observations of a "Ribbon" of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs), with the ISMF direction derived from optical polarization data for stars within similar to 40 pc. Using interstellar polarization observations toward similar to 30 nearby stars within similar to 90 degrees of the heliosphere nose, we find that the best fits to the polarization position angles are obtained for a magnetic pole directed toward ecliptic coordinates of lambda, beta similar to 263 degrees, 37 degrees (or galactic coordinates of l, b similar to 38 degrees, 23 degrees), with uncertainties of +/- 35 degrees based on the broad minimum of the best fits and the range of data quality. This magnetic pole is 33 degrees from the magnetic pole that is defined by the center of the arc of the ENA Ribbon. The IBEX ENA ribbon is seen in sight lines that are perpendicular to the ISMF as it drapes over the heliosphere. The similarity of the polarization and Ribbon directions for the local ISMF suggests that the local field is coherent over scale sizes of tens of parsecs. The ISMF vector direction is nearly perpendicular to the flow of local interstellar material (ISM) through the local standard of rest, supporting a possible local ISM origin related to an evolved expanding magnetized shell. The local ISMF direction is found to have a curious geometry with respect to the cosmic microwave background dipole moment. C1 [Frisch, Priscilla C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Berdyugin, Andrei; Piirola, Vilppu] Univ Turku, Tuorla Observ, SF-20500 Turku, Finland. [Andersson, B-G] USRA, SOFIA, San Diego, CA USA. [Funsten, Herbert O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Magalhaes, Antonio M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geofis & Ciencias Atmosfer, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [McComas, David J.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Schwadron, Nathan A.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Slavin, Jonathan D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Wiktorowicz, Sloane J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA USA. [McComas, David J.] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Frisch, PC (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM frisch@oddjob.uchicago.edu; bgandersson@sofia.usra.edu; andber@utu.fi; hfunsten@lanl.gov; mario@astro.iag.usp.br; DMcComas@swri.edu; piirola@utu.fi; nschwadron@guero.sr.unh.edu; jslavin@cfa.harvard.edu; sloane@berkeley.edu RI Magalhaes, Antonio Mario/K-9532-2013; Funsten, Herbert/A-5702-2015; OI Funsten, Herbert/0000-0002-6817-1039; Andersson, B-G/0000-0001-6717-0686; Slavin, Jonathan/0000-0002-7597-6935 FU NASA [NNX09AH50G, NNX08AJ33G]; IBEX FX This research has been supported by NASA grants NNX09AH50G and NNX08AJ33G to the University of Chicago, and by the IBEX mission as a part of NASA's Explorer Program. We would like to thank Philip Lucas for sharing data prior to publication. NR 51 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 724 IS 2 BP 1473 EP 1479 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/724/2/1473 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679GE UT WOS:000284149000049 ER PT J AU Hincks, AD Acquaviva, V Ade, PAR Aguirre, P Amiri, M Appel, JW Barrientos, LF Battistelli, ES Bond, JR Brown, B Burger, B Chervenak, J Das, S Devlin, MJ Dicker, SR Doriese, WB Dunkley, J Dunner, R Essinger-Hileman, T Fisher, RP Fowler, JW Hajian, A Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hernandez-Monteagudo, C Hilton, GC Hilton, M Hlozek, R Huffenberger, KM Hughes, DH Hughes, JP Infante, L Irwin, KD Jimenez, R Juin, JB Kaul, M Klein, J Kosowsky, A Lau, JM Limon, M Lin, YT Lupton, RH Marriage, TA Marsden, D Martocci, K Mauskopf, P Menanteau, F Moodley, K Moseley, H Netterfield, CB Niemack, MD Nolta, MR Page, LA Parker, L Partridge, B Quintana, H Reid, B Sehgal, N Sievers, J Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Stryzak, O Swetz, DS Switzer, ER Thornton, R Trac, H Tucker, C Verde, L Warne, R Wilson, G Wollack, E Zhao, Y AF Hincks, A. D. Acquaviva, V. Ade, P. A. R. Aguirre, P. Amiri, M. Appel, J. W. Barrientos, L. F. Battistelli, E. S. Bond, J. R. Brown, B. Burger, B. Chervenak, J. Das, S. Devlin, M. J. Dicker, S. R. Doriese, W. B. Dunkley, J. Duenner, R. Essinger-Hileman, T. Fisher, R. P. Fowler, J. W. Hajian, A. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hernandez-Monteagudo, C. Hilton, G. C. Hilton, M. Hlozek, R. Huffenberger, K. M. Hughes, D. H. Hughes, J. P. Infante, L. Irwin, K. D. Jimenez, R. Juin, J. B. Kaul, M. Klein, J. Kosowsky, A. Lau, J. M. Limon, M. Lin, Y. -T. Lupton, R. H. Marriage, T. A. Marsden, D. Martocci, K. Mauskopf, P. Menanteau, F. Moodley, K. Moseley, H. Netterfield, C. B. Niemack, M. D. Nolta, M. R. Page, L. A. Parker, L. Partridge, B. Quintana, H. Reid, B. Sehgal, N. Sievers, J. Spergel, D. N. Staggs, S. T. Stryzak, O. Swetz, D. S. Switzer, E. R. Thornton, R. Trac, H. Tucker, C. Verde, L. Warne, R. Wilson, G. Wollack, E. Zhao, Y. TI THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE (ACT): BEAM PROFILES AND FIRST SZ CLUSTER MAPS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; galaxies: clusters: general; methods: data analysis ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPY; MASSIVE GALAXY CLUSTERS; FLUX-LIMITED SAMPLE; X-RAY-PROPERTIES; ALL-SKY SURVEY; SCALING RELATIONS; POWER SPECTRUM; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ARRAY CAMERA; 1E 0657-56 AB The Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) is currently observing the cosmic microwave background with arcminute resolution at 148 GHz, 218 GHz, and 277 GHz. In this paper, we present ACT's first results. Data have been analyzed using a maximum-likelihood map-making method which uses B-splines to model and remove the atmospheric signal. It has been used to make high-precision beam maps from which we determine the experiment's window functions. This beam information directly impacts all subsequent analyses of the data. We also used the method to map a sample of galaxy clusters via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect and show five clusters previously detected with X-ray or SZ observations. We provide integrated Compton-y measurements for each cluster. Of particular interest is our detection of the z = 0.44 component of A3128 and our current non-detection of the low-redshift part, providing strong evidence that the further cluster is more massive as suggested by X-ray measurements. This is a compelling example of the redshift-independent mass selection of the SZ effect. C1 [Hincks, A. D.; Appel, J. W.; Das, S.; Dunkley, J.; Essinger-Hileman, T.; Fisher, R. P.; Fowler, J. W.; Hajian, A.; Lau, J. M.; Limon, M.; Martocci, K.; Niemack, M. D.; Page, L. A.; Parker, L.; Reid, B.; Staggs, S. T.; Stryzak, O.; Switzer, E. R.; Zhao, Y.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Acquaviva, V.; Hughes, J. P.; Menanteau, F.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Acquaviva, V.; Das, S.; Dunkley, J.; Hajian, A.; Lin, Y. -T.; Lupton, R. H.; Marriage, T. A.; Spergel, D. N.; Trac, H.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Mauskopf, P.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Aguirre, P.; Barrientos, L. F.; Duenner, R.; Infante, L.; Juin, J. B.; Lin, Y. -T.; Quintana, H.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Amiri, M.; Battistelli, E. S.; Burger, B.; Halpern, M.; Hasselfield, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Battistelli, E. S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Bond, J. R.; Hajian, A.; Nolta, M. R.; Sievers, J.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Brown, B.; Kosowsky, A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Chervenak, J.; Moseley, H.; Wollack, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Das, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Devlin, M. J.; Dicker, S. R.; Kaul, M.; Klein, J.; Limon, M.; Marsden, D.; Swetz, D. S.; Thornton, R.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Niemack, M. D.; Swetz, D. S.] NIST Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dunkley, J.; Hlozek, R.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Hernandez-Monteagudo, C.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Hilton, M.; Moodley, K.; Warne, R.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Hilton, M.; Moodley, K.] Ctr High Performance Comp, Cape Town, South Africa. [Huffenberger, K. M.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Hughes, D. H.] INAOE, Puebla, Mexico. [Lau, J. M.; Sehgal, N.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Jimenez, R.; Reid, B.; Verde, L.] Univ Barcelona, ICREA, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Jimenez, R.; Reid, B.; Verde, L.] Univ Barcelona, ICC, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Lau, J. M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Limon, M.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Lin, Y. -T.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Marriage, T. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Martocci, K.; Switzer, E. R.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Partridge, B.] Haverford Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Thornton, R.] W Chester Univ Penn, Dept Phys, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. [Trac, H.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wilson, G.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Hincks, AD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Moseley, Harvey/D-5069-2012; Klein, Jeffrey/E-3295-2013; Spergel, David/A-4410-2011; Hilton, Matthew James/N-5860-2013; Trac, Hy/N-8838-2014; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Verde, Licia/0000-0003-2601-8770; Jimenez, Raul/0000-0002-3370-3103; Trac, Hy/0000-0001-6778-3861; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099; Menanteau, Felipe/0000-0002-1372-2534; Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074; Limon, Michele/0000-0002-5900-2698 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0408698, PHY-0355328, AST-0707731, PIRE-0507768]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); NSF [AST-0546035, AST-0606975, AST 0707731]; FONDAP Centro de Astrofisica; NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0114422]; South African National Research Foundation (NRF); Meraka Institute; Rhodes Trust; FONDECYT [3085031]; [FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-3 IRG]; [202182] FX The ACT project was proposed in 2000 and funded 2004 January 1. Many have contributed to the project since its inception. We especially wish to thank Asad Aboobaker, Christine Allen, Dominic Benford, Paul Bode, Kristen Burgess, Angelica de Oliveria-Costa, Peter Hargrave, Norm Jarosik, Amber Miller, Carl Reintsema, Uros Seljak, Martin Spergel, Johannes Staghun, Carl Stahle, Max Tegmark, Masao Uehara, and Ed Wishnow. It is a pleasure to acknowledge Bob Margolis, ACT's project manager. Reed Plimpton and David Jacobson worked at the telescope during the 2008 season. ACT is on the Chajnantor Science preserve which was made possible by CONICYT. We are grateful for the assistance we received at various times from the ALMA, APEX, ASTE, CBI/QUIET, and NANTEN2 groups. The PWV data come from the public APEX weather site. Field operations were based at the Don Esteban facility run by Astro-Norte. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Satoshi Nozawa and Naoki Itoh kindly shared their code for calculating relativistic corrections to the SZ effect. We also thank William Holzapfel and an anonymous referee who provided helpful feedback on an earlier version of this paper. We thank the members of our external advisory board-Tom Herbig (chair), Charles Alcock, Walter Gear, Cliff Jackson, Amy Newbury, and Paul Steinhardt-who helped guide the project to fruition. This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards AST-0408698 for the ACT project, and PHY-0355328, AST-0707731, and PIRE-0507768. Funding was also provided by Princeton University and the University of Pennsylvania. A.D.H. received additional support from a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) PGS-D scholarship. A.K. and B.P. were partially supported through NSF AST-0546035 and AST-0606975, respectively, for work on ACT. H.Q. and L.I. acknowledge partial support from FONDAP Centro de Astrofisica. E.S. acknowledges support by NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics. K.M., M.H., and R.W. received financial support from the South African National Research Foundation (NRF), the Meraka Institute via funding for the South African Centre for High Performance Computing (CHPC), and the South African Square Kilometer Array (SKA) Project. R.H. received funding from the Rhodes Trust. L.V. acknowledges support from NSF-AST 0707731 and FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-3 IRG no. 202182. J.B.J. acknowledges for support from FONDECYT (no. 3085031). NR 70 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 191 IS 2 BP 423 EP 438 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/191/2/423 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692VY UT WOS:000285185200013 ER PT J AU Parra, M Mora, A Jaramillo, C Torres, V Zeilinger, G Strecker, MR AF Parra, Mauricio Mora, Andres Jaramillo, Carlos Torres, Vladimir Zeilinger, Gerold Strecker, Manfred R. TI Tectonic controls on Cenozoic foreland basin development in the north-eastern Andes, Colombia SO BASIN RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID MIDDLE MAGDALENA VALLEY; NORTHWESTERN SOUTH-AMERICA; SWISS MOLASSE BASIN; CANYON ALLUVIAL-FAN; SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES; STRATIGRAPHIC MODEL; ACCUMULATION RATES; ILANOS BASIN; DEATH-VALLEY; LATE MIOCENE AB In order to evaluate the relationship between thrust loading and sedimentary facies evolution, we analyse the progradation of fluvial coarse-grained deposits in the retroarc foreland basin system of the northern Andes of Colombia. We compare the observed sedimentary facies distribution with the calculated one-dimensional (1D) Eocene to Quaternary sediment-accumulation rates in the Medina wedge-top basin and with a three-dimensional (3D) sedimentary budget based on the interpretation of similar to 1800 km of industry-style seismic reflection profiles and borehole data. Age constraints are derived from a new chronostratigraphic framework based on extensive fossil palynological assemblages. The sedimentological data from the Medina Basin reveal rapid accumulation of fluvial and lacustrine sediments at rates of up to similar to 500 m my-1 during the Miocene. Provenance data based on gravel petrography and paleocurrents reveal that these Miocene fluvial systems were sourced from Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene sedimentary units exposed to the west in the Eastern Cordillera. Peak sediment-accumulation rates in the upper Carbonera Formation and the Guayabo Group occur during episodes of coarse-grained facies progradation in the early and late Miocene proximal foredeep. We interpret this positive correlation between sediment accumulation and gravel deposition as the direct consequence of thrust activity along the Servita-Lengupa faults. This contrasts with one class of models relating gravel progradation in more distal portions of foreland basin systems to episodes of tectonic quiescence. C1 [Parra, Mauricio; Mora, Andres; Zeilinger, Gerold; Strecker, Manfred R.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geowissensch, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Mora, Andres; Torres, Vladimir] Inst Colombiano Petr, Ecopetrol Bucaramanga, Colombia. [Jaramillo, Carlos] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Parra, M (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Geowissensch, Karl Liebknecht Str 24,Haus 27, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. EM mauricio@geo.uni-potsdam.de RI Parra, Mauricio/B-7497-2013 OI Parra, Mauricio/0000-0002-5955-6105 FU German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); German Research Foundation (DFG) [Str 373/19-1]; Leibniz Center for Earth Surface and Climate Studies at Potsdam University; Instituto Colombiano del Petroleo (Ecopetrol/ICP); Universidad Nacional de Colombia FX This study was supported by grants and fellowships from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) to M Parra and A. Mora, the German Research Foundation (DFG), Str 373/19-1 to M. Strecker, funds from the Leibniz Center for Earth Surface and Climate Studies at Potsdam University, the project 'Cronologia de la Deformacion en las Cuencas Subandinas' at the Instituto Colombiano del Petroleo (Ecopetrol/ICP), and Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Beca de Honor to M. Parra). Additional support was provided by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI). The seismic data used in this work were released by an agreement with the Colombian National Hydrocarbons Agency (ANH). We are grateful to J. Cardona at ANH for his help in providing data for this study. Seismic interpretation was carried out using the PETREL (TM) software package through an academic license kindly provided by Schlumberger. J. Sayago at the Potsdam University is thanked for her help and advice during seismic interpretation. C. Caldana is greatly acknowledged for her help with the graphic work. The ideas presented here benefited from informative discussions with B. Horton, P. Ballato and T. Gaona. We thank S. Moron, L. Quiroz, A. Rodriguez and O. Romero for their help during field work. The manuscript was improved by the very constructive reviews of Paul Heller, Jaume Verges and Fritz Schlunegger, and the Editor, Peter van der Beek. NR 108 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0950-091X J9 BASIN RES JI Basin Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 22 IS 6 BP 874 EP 903 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00459.x PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 671LZ UT WOS:000283508900004 ER PT J AU Dalla Nora, G Pastori, T Laughinghouse, HD Do Canto-Dorow, TS Tedesco, SB AF Dalla Nora, Gracieli Pastori, Tamara Laughinghouse, Haywood Dail Do Canto-Dorow, Thais Scotti Tedesco, Solange Bosio TI Antiproliferative and genotoxic effects of Mikania glomerata (Asteraceae) SO BIOCELL LA English DT Article DE medicinal plant; Allium cepa test; cytogenetics; chromosomal aberration ID MEDICINAL-PLANTS; IN-VITRO; MODEL AB Mikania glomerata is a plant used in Brazilian traditional medicine, known as 'guaco'. It possesses anti-inflammatory properties and the aqueous extracts of its leaves are indicated for the treatment of diseases of the respiratory tract. This study aimed at evaluating the antiproliferative and genotoxic effect of Mikania glomerata leaf infusions on the cell cycle of onion. The material used was collected in the native environment from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Aqueous extracts through infusions were prepared in two concentrations: 4g/L (usual concentration) and I 6g/L (4x more concentrated) of each of the populations. Two groups of four onion bulbs for each plant population were used plus a control group. The rootlets were fixed in ethanol-acetic acid (3:1), conserved in ethanol 70% and slides were prepared using the squashing technique colored with orcein 2%. The cells were observed and analyzed during cell cycle. Per group of bulbs, 2000 cells were analyzed, and the mean values of the cell number of each of the phases of the cell cycle were calculated, determining the mitotic index (MI). Statistic analyses of the data were carried out by the x(2) (p=0.05) test. We conclude that M. glomerata presents both antiproliferative and genotoxic activity. C1 [Dalla Nora, Gracieli; Pastori, Tamara; Do Canto-Dorow, Thais Scotti; Tedesco, Solange Bosio] Univ Fed Santa Maria, Dept Biol, BR-97119900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. [Laughinghouse, Haywood Dail] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Laughinghouse, Haywood Dail] Univ Maryland, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Tedesco, SB (reprint author), Univ Fed Santa Maria, Dept Biol, BR-97119900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. EM stedesco@smail.ufsm.br RI Laughinghouse, Haywood/M-5836-2016 OI Laughinghouse, Haywood/0000-0003-1018-6948 NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST HISTOL EMBRIOL-CONICET PI MENDOZA PA FAC CIENCIAS MED-UNIV NAC CUYO CASILLA DE CORREO 56, 5500 MENDOZA, ARGENTINA SN 0327-9545 J9 BIOCELL JI Biocell PD DEC PY 2010 VL 34 IS 3 BP 95 EP 101 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 719BD UT WOS:000287173300001 PM 21443139 ER PT J AU Robinson, GE Banks, JA Padilla, DK Burggren, WW Cohen, CS Delwiche, CF Funk, V Hoekstra, HE Jarvis, ED Johnson, L Martindale, MQ del Rio, CM Medina, M Salt, DE Sinha, S Specht, C Strange, K Strassmann, JE Swalla, BJ Tomanek, L AF Robinson, Gene E. Banks, Jody A. Padilla, Dianna K. Burggren, Warren W. Cohen, C. Sarah Delwiche, Charles F. Funk, Vicki Hoekstra, Hopi E. Jarvis, Erich D. Johnson, Loretta Martindale, Mark Q. del Rio, Carlos Martinez Medina, Monica Salt, David E. Sinha, Saurabh Specht, Chelsea Strange, Kevin Strassmann, Joan E. Swalla, Billie J. Tomanek, Lars TI Empowering 21st Century Biology SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecology; genomics; bioinformatics; cell biology; biological infrastructure ID MODEL SYSTEMS; GENOME; CHALLENGES; SCIENCES; TRACKING; ORIGINS AB Several lists of grand challenges in biology have been published recently, highlighting the strong need to answer fundamental questions about how life evolves and is governed, and how to apply this knowledge to solve the pressing problems of our times To succeed in addressing the challenges of 21st century biology, scientists need to generate, have access to, interpret, and archive more information than ever before But for many important questions in biology, progress is stymied by a lack of essential tools Discovering and developing necessary tools requires new technologies, applications of existing technologies software, model organisms, and social structures Such new social structures will promote tool building, tool sharing, research collaboration and interdisciplinary training Here we identify examples of the some of the most important needs for addressing critical questions in biology and making important advances in the near future C1 [Robinson, Gene E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Neurosci Program, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Robinson, Gene E.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sinha, Saurabh] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Banks, Jody A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Salt, David E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Padilla, Dianna K.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Burggren, Warren W.] Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Cohen, C. Sarah] San Francisco State Univ, Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA USA. [Cohen, C. Sarah] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, Tiburon, CA USA. [Delwiche, Charles F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Funk, Vicki] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Hoekstra, Hopi E.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jarvis, Erich D.] Duke Univ, Dept Neurobiol, Durham, NC USA. [Johnson, Loretta] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Martindale, Mark Q.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [del Rio, Carlos Martinez] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Medina, Monica] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA. [Specht, Chelsea] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Strange, Kevin] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Anesthesiol, Nashville, TN USA. [Strassmann, Joan E.] Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX USA. [Swalla, Billie J.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Tomanek, Lars] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Robinson, GE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Neurosci Program, 320 Morrill Hall, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Hoekstra, Hopi/I-6690-2012; Jarvis, Erich/A-2319-2008; OI Hoekstra, Hopi/0000-0003-1431-1769; Jarvis, Erich/0000-0001-8931-5049; Strassmann, Joan/0000-0003-0638-8440; Delwiche, Charles/0000-0001-7854-8584 FU National Science Foundation FX We thank the National Science Foundation for supporting the workshop that led to this article, Letitia Cundiff for assistance in arranging the workshop and preparing the manuscript, and two anonymous reviewers for suggestions that improved the manuscript NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 20 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD DEC PY 2010 VL 60 IS 11 BP 923 EP 930 DI 10.1525/bio.2010.60.11.8 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 694VZ UT WOS:000285328400008 ER PT J AU Larjavaara, M Muller-Landau, HC AF Larjavaara, Markku Muller-Landau, Helene C. TI Comparison of decay classification, knife test, and two penetrometers for estimating wood density of coarse woody debris SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BRAZILIAN AMAZON; LOGGED FORESTS; FINLAND; CARBON AB Inventories of the necromass of coarse woody debris typically involve measurements of density (e.g., kilograms per cubic metre) on a sample of logs, with densities of other logs estimated based on assignment to decay classes. Here, we compare two new devices for assessing density of woody debris, a spring penetrometer and a dynamic penetrometer, with the traditional decay classification and knife test in terms of the strength of the relationship with measured density and the consistency in measurements by four different people. Our evaluation was conducted in a diverse tropical forest and involved only a brief training period in each method. Classifications or scores from all four methods were only weakly correlated with measured density, and consistency among technicians in the measurement-density relationship was highest for the dynamic penetrometer. Therefore, we conclude that when training time is limited and the sampled logs can reasonably be assumed to be representative of all of the logs (e.g., an inventory of one site at one time), it is best to simply assume that the average density of the sampled logs is representative of nonsampled logs. For inventories involving multiple people, limited training, and cases where the sample average is likely to be unrepresentative, we recommend the dynamic penetrometer. C1 [Larjavaara, Markku; Muller-Landau, Helene C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa Ancon Panama, Panama. RP Larjavaara, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa Ancon Panama, Panama. EM larjavaaram@si.edu OI Larjavaara, Markku/0000-0002-3484-889X FU HSBC Climate Partnership for the CTFS Global Forest Carbon Research Initiative FX We thank the anonymous reviewers and editors for comments on the manuscript, Tuomas Aakala, Timothy R. Baker, Richard Condit, Mark E. Harmon, David A. King, Michael Palace, Douglas A. Schaefer, Katja Sidoroff, S. Joseph Wright, and Beate Zimmermann for discussion on CWD methods, Pablo Ramos, Emilio Sanchez, Apolonio Valdez, Paulino Villarreal, and Josue Villarreal for work in the field and laboratory, and Milton N. Garcia for the idea of testing a penetrometer with a moving weight and for participation in its design. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the HSBC Climate Partnership for the CTFS Global Forest Carbon Research Initiative (www.ctfs.si.edu/group/Carbon). NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 12 BP 2313 EP 2321 DI 10.1139/X10-170 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 697YO UT WOS:000285555900005 ER PT J AU Kilburn, VL Ibanez, R Sanjur, O Bermingham, E Suraci, JP Green, DM AF Kilburn, Vanessa L. Ibanez, Roberto Sanjur, Oris Bermingham, Eldredge Suraci, Justin P. Green, David M. TI Ubiquity of the Pathogenic Chytrid Fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, in Anuran Communities in Panama SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE amphibian; pathogen; wildlife disease; chytrid; epizootic ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; SKIN PEPTIDE DEFENSES; TIME TAQMAN PCR; RANA-CATESBEIANA; CENTRAL-AMERICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LATIN-AMERICA; RAIN-FOREST; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS AB The pathogenic chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, has been implicated as the main driver of many enigmatic amphibian declines in neotropical sites at high elevation. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is thought to be a waterborne pathogen limited by temperature, and the extent to which it persists and causes disease in amphibians at lower elevations in the neotropics is not known. It also is unclear by what mechanism(s) B. dendrobatidis has emerged as a pathogenic organism. To test whether B. dendrobatidis is limited by elevation in Panama, we sought to determine the prevalence and intensity of B. dendrobatidis in relation to anuran abundance and diversity using quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. Sites were situated at varying elevations, from 45 to 1215 m, and were at varying stages of epizootic amphibian decline, including pre-epizootic, mid-epizootic, 2 years post-epizootic, and 10 years post-epizootic. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis was found in all sites regardless of elevation or stage of epizootic decline. Levels of prevalence and infection intensity were comparable across all sites except at the mid-epizootic site, where both prevalence and intensity were significantly higher than at other sites. Symptoms of chytridiomycosis and corresponding declines in amphibian populations were variably seen at all elevations along a post-epizootic gradient. Because it is inherently difficult to prove a negative proposition, it can neither be proven that B. dendrobatidis is truly not present where it is not detected nor proven that it is only recently arrived where it is detected. Thus, there will always be doubts about whether B. dendrobatidis is enzootic or invasive. In any case, our results, coupled with current knowledge, suggest most clearly that the disease, chytridiomycosis, may be novel and invasive, and that the pathogen, B. dendrobatidis either is, or is becoming, globally ubiquitous. C1 [Green, David M.] McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Kilburn, Vanessa L.] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Ibanez, Roberto; Sanjur, Oris; Bermingham, Eldredge] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Suraci, Justin P.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Green, DM (reprint author), McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, 859 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. EM david.m.green@mcgill.ca FU NSERC CGS M; NSERC Canada FX We thank Julie Ray, Gisela Reina, Andrew Crawford, Vicky Flechas, Kate and Dave Turner, Sky Oestreicher, Erin Trimble, Dustin Raab, Peter McGaw, Amanda Kilburn, Cesar and Fidel Jaramillo, and Frank Solis for help in the field and Anne Bramard (Genome Quebec) and Catherine Brisson for help with the molecular analyses. This research was supported by an NSERC CGS M grant to VLK and an NSERC Canada Discovery Grant to DMG. NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 EI 1612-9210 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD DEC PY 2010 VL 7 IS 4 BP 537 EP 548 DI 10.1007/s10393-010-0634-1 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 815XM UT WOS:000294563300012 PM 21225313 ER PT J AU Lynch, HJ Zeigler, S Wells, L Ballou, JD Fagan, WF AF Lynch, Heather J. Zeigler, Sara Wells, Leslie Ballou, Jonathan D. Fagan, William F. TI Survivorship patterns in captive mammalian populations: implications for estimating population growth rates SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE captive vs. wild populations; Euler equation; mammalian life history; population growth rates; slow-fast continuum; survivorship ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; FAST-SLOW CONTINUUM; K-SELECTION; R-SELECTION; BODY SIZE; NATURAL-SELECTION; MORTALITY; MODEL; LONGEVITY; SURVIVAL AB For species of conservation concern, ecologists often need to estimate potential population growth rates with minimal life history data. We use a survivorship database for captive mammals to show that, although survivorship scale (i.e., longevity) varies widely across mammals, survivorship shape (i.e., the age-specific pattern of mortality once survivorship has been scaled to maximum longevity) varies little. Consequently, reasonable estimates of population growth rate can be achieved for diverse taxa using a model of survivorship shape along with an estimate of longevity. In addition, we find that the parameters of survivorship shape are related to taxonomic group, a fact that may be used to further improve estimates of survivorship when full life history data are unavailable. Finally, we compare survivorship shape in captive and wild populations of the same species and find higher adult survivorship in captive populations but no corresponding increase in juvenile survivorship. These differences likely reflect a convolution of true differences in captive vs. wild survivorship and the difficulty of observing juvenile mortality in field studies. C1 [Lynch, Heather J.; Wells, Leslie; Fagan, William F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zeigler, Sara] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ballou, Jonathan D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Lynch, HJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hlynch@umd.edu RI Lynch, Heather/E-7371-2012 FU U.S. Department of Defense [1475] FX Support for this project came from the U.S. Department of Defense SERDP Award SI 1475. NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 20 IS 8 BP 2334 EP 2345 DI 10.1890/09-1276.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 690IM UT WOS:000284996600022 PM 21265462 ER PT J AU Gagnon, PR Passmore, HA Platt, WJ Myers, JA Paine, CET Harms, KE AF Gagnon, Paul R. Passmore, Heather A. Platt, William J. Myers, Jonathan A. Paine, C. E. Timothy Harms, Kyle E. TI Does pyrogenicity protect burning plants? SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptations; ecosystem engineering; evolution; fire ecology; heat; Mutch hypothesis; niche construction; plant flammability; pyrogenicity as protection; resprouting; serotiny ID FIRE INTENSITY; PINUS-PALUSTRIS; EXOTIC GRASSES; FOREST-FIRES; FLAMMABILITY; TEMPERATURES; EVOLUTION; SAVANNA; AUSTRALIA; SURVIVAL AB Pyrogenic plants dominate many fire-prone ecosystems. Their prevalence suggests some advantage to their enhanced flammability, but researchers have had difficulty tying pyrogenicity to individual-level advantages. Based on our review, we propose that enhanced flammability in fire-prone ecosystems should protect the belowground organs and nearby propagules of certain individual plants during fires. We base this hypothesis on five points: (1) organs and propagules by which many fire-adapted plants survive fires are vulnerable to elevated soil temperatures during fires; (2) the degree to which burning plant fuels heat the soil depends mainly on residence times of fires and on fuel location relative to the soil; (3) fires and fire effects are locally heterogeneous, meaning that individual plants can affect local soil heating via their fuels; (4) how a plant burns can thus affect its fitness; and (5) in many cases, natural selection in fire-prone habitats should therefore favor plants that burn rapidly and retain fuels off the ground. We predict an advantage of enhanced flammability for plants whose fuels influence local fire characteristics and whose regenerative tissues or propagules are affected by local variation in fires. Our "pyrogenicity as protection'' hypothesis has the potential to apply to a range of life histories. We discuss implications for ecological and evolutionary theory and suggest considerations for testing the hypothesis. C1 [Gagnon, Paul R.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Passmore, Heather A.; Platt, William J.; Myers, Jonathan A.; Harms, Kyle E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Paine, C. E. Timothy] Univ Zurich, Inst Evolut Biol & Umweltwissensch, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Harms, Kyle E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Gagnon, PR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, POB 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM pgagnon@ufl.edu RI Paine, C. E. Timothy/G-9961-2011 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 516175] FX We thank Natalia Aristizabal, Jennifer Balch, Jane Carlson, Jim Dalling, Jessica Eberhard, Larry Ehrlich, Peter Green, John Morgan, Matt Slocum, Jarrod Thaxton, Bruce Williamson, and the Bruna, Harms, and Platt Labs for their assistance in the field, for comments on the manuscript, and for stimulating conversations on the topic of plant flammability. We thank Peter Vesk and two anonymous reviewers for their invaluable comments. We thank the National Science Foundation (DEB 516175) for support. NR 58 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 11 U2 62 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2010 VL 91 IS 12 BP 3481 EP 3486 DI 10.1890/10-0291.1 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 699AA UT WOS:000285635100007 PM 21302818 ER PT J AU Wright, SJ Kitajima, K Kraft, NJB Reich, PB Wright, IJ Bunker, DE Condit, R Dalling, JW Davies, SJ Diaz, S Engelbrecht, BMJ Harms, KE Hubbell, SP Marks, CO Ruiz-Jaen, MC Salvador, CM Zanne, AE AF Joseph Wright, S. Kitajima, Kaoru Kraft, Nathan J. B. Reich, Peter B. Wright, Ian J. Bunker, Daniel E. Condit, Richard Dalling, James W. Davies, Stuart J. Diaz, Sandra Engelbrecht, Bettina M. J. Harms, Kyle E. Hubbell, Stephen P. Marks, Christian O. Ruiz-Jaen, Maria C. Salvador, Cristina M. Zanne, Amy E. TI Functional traits and the growth-mortality trade-off in tropical trees SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado Island; Panama; growth rates; leaf mass per area; maximum height; maximum size; mortality rates; seed mass; seed size; wood density ID PLANT TRAITS; INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION; NEOTROPICAL FORESTS; ECONOMICS SPECTRUM; REGENERATION NICHE; SHADE TOLERANCE; GOOD PREDICTORS; LEAF; COMMUNITY; DIVERSITY AB A trade-off between growth and mortality rates characterizes tree species in closed canopy forests. This trade-off is maintained by inherent differences among species and spatial variation in light availability caused by canopy-opening disturbances. We evaluated conditions under which the trade-off is expressed and relationships with four key functional traits for 103 tree species from Barro Colorado Island, Panama. The trade-off is strongest for saplings for growth rates of the fastest growing individuals and mortality rates of the slowest growing individuals (r(2) = 0.69), intermediate for saplings for average growth rates and overall mortality rates (r(2) = 0.46), and much weaker for large trees (r(2) <= 0.10). This parallels likely levels of spatial variation in light availability, which is greatest for fast-vs. slow-growing saplings and least for large trees with foliage in the forest canopy. Inherent attributes of species contributing to the trade-off include abilities to disperse, acquire resources, grow rapidly, and tolerate shade and other stresses. There is growing interest in the possibility that functional traits might provide insight into such ecological differences and a growing consensus that seed mass (SM), leaf mass per area (LMA), wood density (WD), and maximum height (H-max) are key traits among forest trees. Seed mass, LMA, WD, and H-max are predicted to be small for light-demanding species with rapid growth and mortality and large for shade-tolerant species with slow growth and mortality. Six of these trait-demographic rate predictions were realized for saplings; however, with the exception of WD, the relationships were weak (r(2) < 0.1 for three and r(2) < 0.2 for five of the six remaining relationships). The four traits together explained 43-44% of interspecific variation in species positions on the growth-mortality trade-off; however, WD alone accounted for >80% of the explained variation and, after WD was included, LMA and H-max made insignificant contributions. Virtually the full range of values of SM, LMA, and H-max occurred at all positions on the growth-mortality trade-off. Although WD provides a promising start, a successful trait-based ecology of tropical forest trees will require consideration of additional traits. C1 [Joseph Wright, S.; Kitajima, Kaoru; Condit, Richard; Dalling, James W.; Davies, Stuart J.; Engelbrecht, Bettina M. J.; Harms, Kyle E.; Hubbell, Stephen P.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Kitajima, Kaoru] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kraft, Nathan J. B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Reich, Peter B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wright, Ian J.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Dalling, James W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. [Bunker, Daniel E.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Diaz, Sandra] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Multidisciplinario Biol Vegetal, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Diaz, Sandra] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Exactas Fis & Nat, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Engelbrecht, Bettina M. J.] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Plant Ecol, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Harms, Kyle E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hubbell, Stephen P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Marks, Christian O.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ruiz-Jaen, Maria C.] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Salvador, Cristina M.] Santa Fe Bot Garden, Santa Fe, NM 87502 USA. [Zanne, Amy E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. RP Wright, SJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM wrightj@si.edu RI Ruiz-Jaen, Maria/A-3119-2008; Kitajima, Kaoru/E-8877-2012; Engelbrecht, Bettina/E-9914-2012; Marks, Christian/F-7403-2012; Kraft, Nathan/A-2817-2012; Wright, Ian/G-4979-2012; Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Kraft, Nathan/0000-0001-8867-7806; Wright, Ian/0000-0001-8338-9143; Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 FU F. H. Levinson Fund; National Science Foundation; MacArthur Foundation FX Rolando Perez, Salomon Aguilar, and Javier Ballesteros determined wood densities. The F. H. Levinson Fund supported plant trait measurements. The National Science and MacArthur Foundations supported 50-ha plot censuses. NR 50 TC 211 Z9 221 U1 19 U2 229 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2010 VL 91 IS 12 BP 3664 EP 3674 DI 10.1890/09-2335.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 699AA UT WOS:000285635100027 PM 21302837 ER PT J AU Uriarte, M Swenson, NG Chazdon, RL Comita, LS Kress, WJ Erickson, D Forero-Montana, J Zimmerman, JK Thompson, J AF Uriarte, Maria Swenson, Nathan G. Chazdon, Robin L. Comita, Liza S. Kress, W. John Erickson, David Forero-Montana, Jimena Zimmerman, Jess K. Thompson, Jill TI Trait similarity, shared ancestry and the structure of neighbourhood interactions in a subtropical wet forest: implications for community assembly SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Environmental filtering; Luquillo Forest Dynamics Plot; niche differentiation; phylogenetic conservatism; spatially explicit models; species interactions ID TROPICAL FOREST; PHYLOGENETIC STRUCTURE; FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; NEOTROPICAL FORESTS; PLANT DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; GROWTH; COEXISTENCE; DIMENSIONS; MECHANISMS AB The phylogenetic structure and distribution of functional traits in a community can provide insights into community assembly processes. However, these insights are sensitive to the spatial scale of analysis. Here, we use spatially explicit, neighbourhood models of tree growth and survival for 19 tree species, a highly resolved molecular phylogeny and information on eight functional traits to quantify the relative efficacy of functional similarity and shared ancestry in describing the effects of spatial interactions between tree species on demographic rates. We also assess the congruence of these results with observed phylogenetic and functional structure in the neighbourhoods of live and dead trees. We found strong support for models in which the effects of spatial neighbourhood interactions on tree growth and survival were scaled to species-specific mean functional trait values (e.g., wood specific gravity, leaf succulence and maximum height) but not to phylogenetic distance. The weak phylogenetic signal in functional trait data allowed us to independently interpret the static neighbourhood functional and phylogenetic patterns. We observed greater functional trait similarity in the neighbourhoods of live trees relative to those of dead trees suggesting that environmental filtering is the major force structuring this tree community at this scale while competitive interactions play a lesser role. C1 [Uriarte, Maria; Comita, Liza S.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Swenson, Nathan G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Chazdon, Robin L.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Kress, W. John; Erickson, David] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Forero-Montana, Jimena; Zimmerman, Jess K.; Thompson, Jill] Univ Puerto Rico Rio Piedras, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Thompson, Jill] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol Edinburgh, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Uriarte, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM mu2126@columbia.edu RI Swenson, Nathan/A-3514-2012; Thompson, Jill/K-2200-2012; Uriarte, Maria/L-8944-2013; OI Swenson, Nathan/0000-0003-3819-9767; Thompson, Jill/0000-0002-4370-2593; Chazdon, Robin/0000-0002-7349-5687 FU LFDP; NSF [BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-008538, DEB-0218039, DEB-0620910]; U.S. Forest Service; University of Puerto Rico; Columbia University; Center for Tropical Forest Science Research FX We thank the founders of the LFDP, E.M. Everham III, R.B. Waide, D.J. Lodge and C.M. Taylor. J. Thomlinson helped to prepare the tree maps. Our work was also supported by NSF awards (BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-008538, DEB-0218039 and DEB-0620910) to the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. The U.S. Forest Service and the University of Puerto Rico provided additional support. L.S.C. acknowledges the support of an Earth Institute Fellowship from Columbia University. Collection of plant material for sequencing and quantifying functional traits was funded by a Center for Tropical Forest Science Research Grant to N.G.S, J. T and J.K.Z. We also thank Dr John Fryxell, Dr Nathan Kraft, and two anonymous referees for useful suggestions to improve the manuscript. NR 47 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 10 U2 109 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 13 IS 12 BP 1503 EP 1514 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01541.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 682AS UT WOS:000284369200006 PM 21054732 ER PT J AU DobretsovY, S Teplitski, M Alagely, A Gunasekera, SP Paul, VJ AF Dobretsov, Sergey y Teplitski, Max Alagely, Ali Gunasekera, Sarath P. Paul, Valerie J. TI Malyngolide from the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula interferes with quorum sensing circuitry SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; SECONDARY METABOLITES; INHIBITORS; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNICATION; BACTERIA; RECEPTOR; SIGNALS; SYSTEMS; GOMONT AB P>Extracts of several cyanobacterial species collected from different marine and estuarine locations predominately in Florida (USA), with one sample each from Belize and Oman, were screened for their ability to disrupt quorum sensing (QS) in the reporter strain Chromobacterium violaceum CV017. Inhibitory activities were detected in the ethyl acetate : methanol (1:1) extracts of several Lyngbya spp., and extracts of Lyngbya majuscula contained the strongest QS inhibitory activities. Extracts of L. majuscula from the Indian River Lagoon, FL, USA, were further purified by bioassay-guided fractionation. The antibiotic malyngolide (MAL) was identified as a QS inhibitor. Activity of MAL was investigated using N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) reporters based on the LasR receptor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MAL at concentrations ranging from 3.57 mu M to 57 mu M (EC(50) = 12.2 +/- 1.6 mu M) inhibited responses of the LasR reporters without affecting bacterial growth. MAL inhibited (EC(50) = 10.6 +/- 1.8 mu M) Las QS-dependent production of elastase by P. aeruginosa PAO1. We propose that this QS inhibitor plays a role in controlling interactions of heterotrophic bacteria associated with the cyanobacterium L. majuscula. C1 [Dobretsov, Sergey y] Sultan Qaboos Univ, Dept Marine Sci & Fisheries, Coll Agr & Marine Sci, Muscat, Oman. [Teplitski, Max; Alagely, Ali] Univ Florida, Genet Inst, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. [Gunasekera, Sarath P.; Paul, Valerie J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP DobretsovY, S (reprint author), Sultan Qaboos Univ, Dept Marine Sci & Fisheries, Coll Agr & Marine Sci, Muscat, Oman. EM sergey@squ.edu.om OI Dobretsov, Sergey/0000-0002-1769-6388 FU George E. Burch Fellowship in Theoretical Medicine and Affiliated Sciences at the Smithsonian Institution (USA); SQU [IG/AGR/FISH/09/03]; Florida Sea Grant [NA060AR4170014 R/LR-MB-27, FLA-SWS-04591]; University of Florida; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA05NOS4781194]; Mote Marine Laboratory [POR-2006-18, POR-2007-30] FX The work of S.D. was supported by the George E. Burch Fellowship in Theoretical Medicine and Affiliated Sciences at the Smithsonian Institution (USA) and the SQU internal grant IG/AGR/FISH/09/03. M.T.'s contribution was supported by Florida Sea Grant # NA060AR4170014 R/LR-MB-27 under CRIS project FLA-SWS-04591. A.A. was supported by the University of Florida Scholars Program. V.P. acknowledges funding by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ECOHAB program (the Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms) Project NA05NOS4781194 and the Mote Marine Laboratory's Protect our Reefs Grants Program awards (POR-2006-18 and POR-2007-30). Special thanks to Sherry Reed and Karen Arthur for their help with collection of cyanobacteria, to Raphael Ritson-Williams, Theresa Meickle, Vicky Pittman and Chivas Owle for their help with screening and isolation of QS inhibitors, and to Genelle Harrison for extraction of the Florida cyanobacteria. This is contribution # 819 of the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1758-2229 J9 ENV MICROBIOL REP JI Environ. Microbiol. Rep. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 6 BP 739 EP 744 DI 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2010.00169.x PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 683OI UT WOS:000284484700005 PM 23766278 ER PT J AU Akre, KL Ryan, MJ AF Akre, Karin L. Ryan, Michael J. TI Proximity-dependent Response to Variably Complex Mating Signals in Tungara Frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus) SO ETHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATE CHOICE; VOCAL COMMUNICATION; ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION; ANIMAL VOCALIZATION; ADVERTISEMENT CALLS; SOUND-TRANSMISSION; BARKING TREEFROGS; FEMALE PREFERENCE; RECEIVER DISTANCE; SEXUAL SELECTION AB The plasticity of animal behavior allows individuals to maximize fitness in a wide range of contexts. Both production of and preference for mating signals are context-dependent according to internal factors such as hormonal state, and external factors such as predation risk. In many species, male-to-female proximity also defines an important context for mating communication. Males often possess short-distance courtship signals, and females often exhibit distance-related variation in signal response. Such variation in response may occur when a signal's relevance changes with male-to-female distance, but it may also result from perceptual constraints that are unrelated to fitness. Tungara frogs produce variably complex advertisement calls, and sexual selection theory predicts that females should prefer calls of greater complexity. Preference tests, however, have not demonstrated consistent trends for preference between calls of variable complexity. We tested whether proximity to males influences female response to variable signal complexity and found that both preference and memory for signal complexity are proximity-dependent. C1 [Akre, Karin L.; Ryan, Michael J.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ryan, Michael J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Akre, KL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM kakre@mail.utexas.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF IOB [0544096] FX We thank S. Rand and K. Hoke for valuable conversation regarding this research. We are grateful to STRI for logistical support. K. Ahrens provided helpful guidance with statistics. C. Smith provided helpful comments on an early draft of this article. Comments from two anonymous reviewers greatly improved this article. The Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente de Panama provided the permits to perform this research. A National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship to KLA and NSF IOB 0544096 to MJR provided funding. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-1613 J9 ETHOLOGY JI Ethology PD DEC PY 2010 VL 116 IS 12 BP 1138 EP 1145 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2010.01825.x PG 8 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 679NN UT WOS:000284168200002 ER PT J AU Fothergill, K Woodley, NE Tindall, KV AF Fothergill, Kent Woodley, Norman E. Tindall, Kelly V. TI ZELIA TRICOLOR (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE): NEW HOST RECORDS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Fothergill, Kent; Tindall, Kelly V.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Delta Res Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. [Fothergill, Kent] Conservat Seeding & Restorat Inc, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Woodley, Norman E.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Fothergill, K (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Delta Res Ctr, POB 160, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 93 IS 4 BP 637 EP 638 DI 10.1653/024.093.0423 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 692TO UT WOS:000285178200023 ER PT J AU Miller, SE Lutman, RA AF Miller, Scott E. Lutman, Richard A. TI NEW BUTTERFLY RECORDS FROM GUANA ISLAND, BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Miller, Scott E.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Miller, SE (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. OI Miller, Scott/0000-0002-4138-1378 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 93 IS 4 BP 642 EP 643 DI 10.1653/024.093.0425 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 692TO UT WOS:000285178200025 ER PT J AU Hoddle, MS Brown, JW AF Hoddle, Mark S. Brown, John W. TI LEPIDOPTERA ASSOCIATED WITH AVOCADO FRUIT IN GUATEMALA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; TORTRICIDAE; CLEMENS C1 [Hoddle, Mark S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hoddle, Mark S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Invas Species Res, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Brown, John W.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,USDA,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hoddle, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 93 IS 4 BP 649 EP 650 DI 10.1653/024.093.0428 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 692TO UT WOS:000285178200028 ER PT J AU Andersen, KM Corre, MD Turner, BL Dalling, JW AF Andersen, Kelly M. Corre, Marife D. Turner, Benjamin L. Dalling, James W. TI Plant-soil associations in a lower montane tropical forest: physiological acclimation and herbivore-mediated responses to nitrogen addition SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arecaceae; fertilization; growth trade-offs; habitat association; Panama; seedling transplant experiment ID HABITAT SPECIALIZATION; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; MINERAL-NUTRITION; AMAZONIAN FORESTS; RAIN-FOREST; WILD PLANTS; GROWTH; PANAMA; PHOSPHORUS AB P>1. Soil nutrients influence plant productivity and community composition in tropical forests. In lower montane tropical forests in western Panama, the distribution of understory palm species over a scale of 1-20 km correlates with differences in soil nitrogen (N). We hypothesized that soil N determines seedling performance in the forest understory, and, may therefore influence species distributions along the soil N gradient. 2. We explored the potential for N availability to generate species-habitat associations through species-specific differences in biomass allocation, photosynthetic capacity, N use-efficiency, and susceptibility to herbivory. Seedlings of nine palm species from two sub-families and four habitat types were transplanted into N-addition and control plots at a low N site. Growth, mortality, biomass allocation, photosynthesis, foliar N content and herbivory were measured over 21 months. 3. Foliar N increased for all species (15-68%) following N addition. Most species showed strong (20-200%) increases in photosynthetic rates with N addition except two species with marginal decreases in photosynthetic rates (5-15%). However, shifts in physiological traits did not increase relative growth rate or change in biomass allocation for any species or N treatment combination. Rather, increased leaf quality contributed to greater levels of herbivory in species associated with soils of intermediate and high inorganic N availability. 4. Thus, potential increases in overall growth with N addition were masked by herbivory, resulting in no apparent growth response with increased N. We suggest that for understory palms, and potentially other montane forest plants, distribution patterns are driven by a combination of physiological and herbivore-mediated responses to soil nutrient availability. C1 [Andersen, Kelly M.; Turner, Benjamin L.; Dalling, James W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Corre, Marife D.] Univ Gottingen, Buesgen Inst Soil Sci Trop & Subtrop Ecosyst, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Andersen, Kelly M.; Dalling, James W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Andersen, KM (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM kanderse@life.uiuc.edu RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; Andersen, Kelly/0000-0002-1460-9904 FU National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institute; University of Illinois - Champaign/Urbana; Robert Bosch Foundation (Germany) FX We thank Edvelio (Bady) Garcia and Arturo Morris for field assistance, Jonathan Ogrodnik for laboratory assistance, and Tania Brenes-Arguedas and Michael McCoy for statistical advice with herbivory data. Carol Augspurger, Noelle Beckman, Jeff Dawson, Mike Dietz, Laura Schreeg, Edmund Tanner, Joe Wright and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on previous versions of the manuscript. This research was supported by an National Science Foundation Dissertation Completion Grant, a Smithsonian Institute Predoctoral Fellowship, and funding from the Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology of the University of Illinois - Champaign/Urbana to KMA. The NITROF project is funded by the Robert Bosch Foundation (Germany). Permission to sample in the Fortuna Forest Reserve was kindly granted by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, the Panamanian National Environmental Authority (ANAM), and ENEL Fortuna. NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1171 EP 1180 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01731.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 684XU UT WOS:000284589400002 ER PT J AU Kerr, KCR AF Kerr, Kevin C. R. TI A cryptic, intergeneric cytochrome c oxidase I pseudogene in tyrant flycatchers (family: Tyrannidae) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE pseudogene; cytochrome c oxidase; mitochondrial DNA; DNA barcode; Empidonax; Contopus ID MITOCHONDRIAL PSEUDOGENES; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; MOLECULAR CLOCK; NUCLEAR GENOME; EMPIDONAX; MTDNA; INTROGRESSION; DIVERGENCE; SEQUENCES; NUMBER AB Nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes, or "numts", are nonfunctional copies of mitochondrial genes that have been translocated to the nuclear genome. Numts have been used to study differences in mutation rates between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, but have also been implicated as troublesome for phylogenetic studies and DNA-based species identification (i.e., DNA barcoding). In this study, a suspected numt discovered during a study of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) diversity in North American birds was targeted and sequenced from tyrant flycatchers ( family: Tyrannidae). In total, the numt was found in five taxa representing two genera. Substitution rates were compared between COI and numt sequences. None of the numt sequences harboured stop codons nor frameshift mutations, but phylogenetic analysis revealed they had accumulated more amino acid substitutions than the mitochondrial COI sequences. Mitochondrial COI appeared to be preferentially amplified in most cases, but methods for numt detection are discussed for cases like this where sequences lack obvious features for identification. Because of its persistence across a broad taxonomic lineage, this numt could form a valuable model system for studying evolution in numts. The full size of the numt and its location within the nuclear genome are yet to be determined. C1 [Kerr, Kevin C. R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Kerr, KCR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Feather Identificat Lab, POB 37012,NHB E-600,MRC 116, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM kerrkc@si.edu RI Kerr, Kevin/B-8510-2013 OI Kerr, Kevin/0000-0002-6784-3884 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Genome Canada FX I thank Paul Hebert and the staff at the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario for laboratory support, Pablo Tubaro for allowing use of specimens from the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, and Yves Aubry for providing the blood samples from the Canadian Wildlife Service. I also thank Jinzhong Fu, Bob Hanner, Dirk Steinke, and John Wilson for helpful commentary. This research was funded by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and Genome Canada to the author's advisor, Paul Hebert. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 14 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 EI 1480-3321 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 2010 VL 53 IS 12 BP 1103 EP 1109 DI 10.1139/G10-085 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 697YK UT WOS:000285555500007 PM 21164542 ER PT J AU Maxwell, TA Issawi, B Haynes, CV AF Maxwell, Ted A. Issawi, Bahay Haynes, C. Vance, Jr. TI Evidence for Pleistocene lakes in the Tushka region, south Egypt SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN SAHARA; BIR-KISEIBA; EVOLUTION; RADAR; HOLOCENE; RECONSTRUCTION; OASIS; NILE AB Space Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data have revealed new details on the extent and geomorphic relations of paleodrainage in southern Egypt. Following a period of late Tertiary drainage from the Red Sea Hills south through Wadi Qena and west across the Tushka region, the Nile River as we now know it established its connections with Central Africa and the Mediterranean in the middle Pleistocene (oxygen isotope stage, OIS 7 to OIS 5). SRTM topography reveals a lake level at similar to 247 m that is coincident with the elevation of middle Pleistocene fish fossils 400 km west of the Nile, and with the termination of shallow runoff channels in northern Sudan that were active during the middle Pleistocene and Holocene pluvial periods. An additional lake level at similar to 190 m is based on the current elevation at Wadi Tushka, and is consistent with Paleolithic sites at Bir Kiseiba followed by Neolithic sites at lower topographic levels. Overflow of the Nile through Wadi Tushka during the wetter north African climate of the middle Pleistocene, coupled with limited local rainfall, was the likely source of water for these lakes. C1 [Maxwell, Ted A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Haynes, C. Vance, Jr.] Univ Arizona, Dept Anthropol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Haynes, C. Vance, Jr.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Maxwell, TA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM maxwellt@si.edu FU Smithsonian Institution endowments; National Geographic Society [7567-03] FX This research is supported by the Smithsonian Institution endowments (Maxwell) and National Geographic Society grant 7567-03 (Haynes). We thank John Grant, Andrew Johnston, Eman Ghoneim, and an anonymous reviewer for their comments on this paper, and Martin Williams for a thought-provoking review. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 2010 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1135 EP 1138 DI 10.1130/G31320.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 682BW UT WOS:000284375200024 ER PT J AU McConnochie, TH Bell, JF Savransky, D Wolff, MJ Toigo, AD Wang, H Richardson, MI Christensen, PR AF McConnochie, T. H. Bell, J. F., III Savransky, D. Wolff, M. J. Toigo, A. D. Wang, H. Richardson, M. I. Christensen, P. R. TI THEMIS-VIS observations of clouds in the martian mesosphere: Altitudes, wind speeds, and decameter-scale morphology SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, Atmosphere; Mars, Climate; Atmospheres, Chemistry; Atmospheres, Dynamics; Atmospheres, Structure ID EMISSION IMAGING-SYSTEM; CO2 ICE CLOUDS; ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MARS; AEROSOL; MODELS AB We present measurements of the altitude and eastward velocity component of mesospheric clouds in 35 imaging sequences acquired by the Mars Odyssey (ODY) spacecraft's Thermal Emission Imaging System visible imaging subsystem (THEMIS-VIS). We measure altitude by using the parallax drift of high-altitude features, and the velocity by exploiting the time delay in the THEMIS-VIS imaging sequence. We observe two distinct classes of mesospheric clouds: equatorial mesospheric clouds observed between 0 degrees and 180 degrees L-s: and northern mid-latitude clouds observed only in twilight in the 200-300 degrees L-s period. The equatorial mesospheric clouds are quite rare in the THEMIS-VIS data set. We have detected them in only five imaging sequences, out of a total of 2048 multi-band equatorial imaging sequences. All five fall between 20 degrees south and 0 degrees latitude, and between 260 degrees and 295 degrees east longitude. The mid-latitude mesospheric clouds are apparently much more common; for these we find 30 examples out of 210 northern winter mid-latitude twilight imaging sequences. The observed mid-latitude clouds are found, with only one exception, in the Acidalia region, but this is quite likely an artifact of the pattern of THEMIS-VIS image targeting. Comparing our THEMIS-VIS images with daily global maps generated from Mars Orbiter Camera Wide Angle (MOC-WA) images, we find some evidence that some mid-latitude mesospheric cloud features correspond to cloud features commonly observed by MOC-WA. Comparing the velocity of our mesospheric clouds with a GCM, we find good agreement for the northern mid-latitude class, but also find that the GCM fails to match the strong easterly winds measured for the equatorial clouds. Applying a simple radiative transfer model to some of the equatorial mesospheric clouds, we find good model fits in two different imaging sequences. By using the observed radiance contrast between cloud and cloud-free regions at multiple visible-band wavelengths, these fits simultaneously constrain the optical depths and particles sizes of the clouds. The particle sizes are constrained primarily by the relative contrasts at the available wavelengths, and are found to be quite different in the two imaging sequences: r(eff) = 0.1 mu m and r(eff) = 1.5 mu m. The optical depths (constrained by the absolute contrasts) are substantial: 0.22 and 0.5, respectively. These optical depths imply a mass density that greatly exceeds the saturated mass density of water vapor at mesospheric temperatures, and so the aerosol particles are probably composed mainly of CO2 ice. Our simple radiative transfer model is not applicable to twilight, when the mid-latitude mesospheric clouds were observed, and so we leave the properties of these clouds as a question for further work. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [McConnochie, T. H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bell, J. F., III] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Savransky, D.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wolff, M. J.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Toigo, A. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wang, H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Richardson, M. I.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Richardson, M. I.] Ashima Res, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Christensen, P. R.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP McConnochie, TH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM timothy.h.mcconnochie@nasa.gov RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014 OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206 FU NASA [1241434] FX This research was supported by a grant to Professor Bell from the NASA Mars Odyssey Orbiter Participating Scientist program (JPL Contract 1241434). We also received advice and assistance from numerous individuals, including Peter Gierasch, Don Banfield, Melissa Straussberg, Chase Million, Kerry Cook, James Houck, and from members of the ASU-based THEMIS instrument team: Greg Mehall, Kim Murray, Laural Cherednik, Kelly Bender, and Andras Dombovari. NR 59 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC PY 2010 VL 210 IS 2 BP 545 EP 565 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.07.021 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679RP UT WOS:000284178800002 ER PT J AU Seidensticker, J AF Seidensticker, John TI Saving wild tigers: A case study in biodiversity loss and challenges to be met for recovery beyond 2010 SO INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Asia; biodiversity; Global Tiger Recovery Program; Panthera tigris; Tiger Conservation Landscape ID PANTHERA-TIGRIS; POPULATION; CONSERVATION; FORESTS; PREY; MANAGEMENT; DENSITIES AB Wild tigers are being annihilated. Tiger range countries and their partners met at the 1st Asian Ministerial Conference on Tiger Conservation in January 2010 to mandate the creation of the Global Tiger Recovery Program to double the number of tigers by 2022. Only 3200-3600 wild adult tigers remain, approximately half of the population estimated a decade ago. Tigers now live in only 13 countries, all of which are experiencing severe environmental challenges and degradation from the effects of human population growth, brisk economic expansion, rapid urbanization, massive infrastructure development and climate change. The overarching challenge of tiger conservation, and the conservation of biodiversity generally, is that there is insufficient demand for the survival of wild tigers living in natural landscapes. This allows the criminal activities of poaching wild tigers and their prey and trafficking in tiger derivatives to flourish and tiger landscapes to be diminished. The Global Tiger Recovery Program will support scaling up of practices already proven effective in one or more tiger range countries that need wider policy support, usually resources, and new transnational actions that enhance the effectiveness of individual country actions. The program is built on robust National Tiger Recovery Priorities that are grouped into themes: (i) strengthening policies that protect tigers; (ii) protecting tiger conservation landscapes; (iii) scientific management and monitoring; (iv) engaging communities; (v) cooperative management of international tiger landscapes; (vi) eliminating transnational illegal wildlife trade; (vii) persuading people to stop consuming tiger; (viii) enhancing professional capacity of policy-makers and practitioners; and (ix) developing sustainable, long-term financing mechanisms for tiger and biodiversity conservation. C1 Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Seidensticker, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Natl Zool Pk,POB 37012,MRC 5503, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM seidenstickerj@si.edu NR 64 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 12 U2 78 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1749-4877 J9 INTEGR ZOOL JI Integr. Zool. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 5 IS 4 BP 285 EP 299 DI 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00214.x PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 688LZ UT WOS:000284852100002 PM 21392347 ER PT J AU Kennett, DJ Piperno, DR Jones, JG Neff, H Voorhies, B Walsh, MK Culleton, BJ AF Kennett, Douglas J. Piperno, Dolores R. Jones, John G. Neff, Hector Voorhies, Barbara Walsh, Megan K. Culleton, Brendan J. TI Pre-pottery farmers on the Pacific coast of southern Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mesoamerica; Maize; Archaic period; Shell mounds; Paleoecology ID BALSAS RIVER VALLEY; RADIOCARBON AGE; STARCH GRAIN; MAIZE; DOMESTICATION; MESOAMERICA; CALIBRATION; DISPERSALS; SEDIMENTS; ORIGIN AB Large island-like shell mounds along the southern coast of Mexico are the earliest known archaeological sites on the Pacific margin of Mesoamerica. These aceramic deposits date to between 7500 and 3800 cal BP and have been interpreted as locations where foragers, living elsewhere seasonally on the coastal plain, harvested shellfish and other estuarine resources. Based on an accumulation of paleo-ecological data from elsewhere in the lowland Neotropics of Mesoamerica, southern Central America and South America we pose and provide a first test of an alternative subsistence model: that the Archaic Period populations in this area were slash and burn farmers. Burned maize phytoliths first appear in these sedimentary records at 6500 cal BP in association with macroscopic charcoal and forest disturbance plant taxa. Periodic burning and forest disturbance, consistent with farming activities, are also evident in the macroscopic charcoal record between 6500 and 4700 cal BP. Pollen, phytolith and charcoal records all point to sustained burning, forest disturbance and the cultivation of maize between 4700 and 3800 cal BP. These data suggest that people were slash and burn farming during the Archaic Period prior to the adoption of pottery and the proliferation of Early Formative Period villages and full-fledged agriculture based on near or total reliance on crop plants after similar to 3800 cal BP. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kennett, Douglas J.; Culleton, Brendan J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Anthropol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Piperno, Dolores R.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Archaeobiol Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Piperno, Dolores R.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Jones, John G.] Washington State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Neff, Hector] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Anthropol, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Neff, Hector] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Inst Integrated Res Mat Environm & Soc, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Voorhies, Barbara] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Anthropol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Walsh, Megan K.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Kennett, DJ (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Anthropol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM dkennett@uoregon.edu RI Kennett, Douglas/I-7613-2015 OI Kennett, Douglas/0000-0001-5133-9010 FU National Science Foundation [BCS-0211215]; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; AHRC Centre for the Evolution of Cultural Diversity, Institute of Archaeology, University College London FX This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (BCS-0211215) and the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. A special thanks goes to John Clark and the New World Archaeological Foundation for their logistical support during our field campaign. The paper was written with fellowship support from the AHRC Centre for the Evolution of Cultural Diversity, Institute of Archaeology, University College London (DJK). NR 56 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 37 IS 12 BP 3401 EP 3411 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2010.07.035 PG 11 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 676IF UT WOS:000283903500042 ER PT J AU Leigh, EG AF Leigh, E. G., Jr. TI The evolution of mutualism SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Adam Smith; brief-exchange mutualisms; cheating; mutualistic ecosystems; partner choice; partner fidelity; partner sanctions; the common good ID FIG-WASP MUTUALISM; FUNGUS-GROWING TERMITES; FRUIT-EATING BIRDS; POLLINATING WASPS; TROPICAL FORESTS; SEED DISPERSAL; REEF CORALS; YUCCA MOTHS; BACTERIAL SYMBIONTS; RECIPROCAL ALTRUISM AB Like altruism, mutualism, cooperation between species, evolves only by enhancing all participants' inclusive fitness. Mutualism evolves most readily between members of different kingdoms, which pool complementary abilities for mutual benefit: some of these mutualisms represent major evolutionary innovations. Mutualism cannot persist if cheating annihilates its benefits. In long-term mutualisms, symbioses, at least one party associates with the other nearly all its life. Usually, a larger host harbours smaller symbionts. Cheating is restrained by vertical transmission, as in Buchnera; partner fidelity, as among bull-thorn acacias and protective ants; test-based choice of symbionts, as bobtail squid choose bioluminescent bacteria; or sanctioning nonperforming symbionts, as legumes punish nonperforming nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Mutualisms involving brief exchanges, as among plants and seed-dispersers, however, persist despite abundant cheating. Both symbioses and brief-exchange mutualisms have transformed whole ecosystems. These mutualisms may be steps towards ecosystems which, like Adam Smith's ideal economy, serve their members' common good. C1 [Leigh, E. G., Jr.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Leigh, EG (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, MRC 0580-02,Unit 9100,Box 0948, Dpo, AA 34002 USA. EM bufotyphonius@gmail.com NR 240 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 36 U2 245 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1010-061X EI 1420-9101 J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL JI J. Evol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 23 IS 12 BP 2507 EP 2528 DI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02114.x PG 22 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 681AD UT WOS:000284277700001 PM 20942825 ER PT J AU Robertson, BA Hutto, RL Fontaine, JJ AF Robertson, Bruce A. Hutto, Richard L. Fontaine, Joseph J. TI Evaluating food availability and nest predation risk as sources of bias in aural bird surveys SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bird survey; detection bias; food limitation; nest predation; point count ID BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEES; WARBLERS PHYLLOSCOPUS-TROCHILUS; SONG RATE; DENSITY; QUALITY; HABITAT; SELECTION; FOREST; RATES; FIRE AB The use of aural surveys to estimate population parameters is widespread in avian studies. Despite efforts to increase the efficacy of this method, the potential for ecological context to bias population estimates remains largely unexplored. For example, food availability and nest predation risk can influence singing activity independent of density and, therefore, may bias aural estimates where these ecological factors vary systematically among habitats or other categories of ecological interest. We used a natural fire event in a mixed-conifer forest that experienced variation in fire severity (low, intermediate, and high) to determine if aural surveys produce accurate density estimates of Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) independent of ecological context. During the first 2-yr postfire, we censused junco populations in each burn type with intensive spot-mapping and nest searching, locating 168 nests. Simultaneously, we conducted fixed-radius point-count surveys and estimated food availability and nest predation risk in each burn type to test whether ecological context may influence aural detection probability independent of actual density. We found no difference in nesting densities among patches burned at different severity. Arthropod food availability was inversely related to fire severity during the first postfire breeding season, but increased to higher levels across all severities during the second. In both years, aural detections were significantly greater in intermediate severity patches that consistently represented the habitat with the lowest nest predation risk. These results suggest that nest predation risk may significantly bias aural estimates of avian populations. Although traditional aural survey methods such as the Breeding Bird Survey measure habitat attributes, our findings highlight the difficulty in assessing relevant covariates in estimates of avian population. Future research must consider the potential for nest predation and other ecological factors to drive interannual or interhabitat variation in avian population estimates independent of true changes in population size. C1 [Robertson, Bruce A.; Hutto, Richard L.; Fontaine, Joseph J.] Univ Montana, Avian Sci Ctr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Robertson, BA (reprint author), Natl Zoo, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM brucerobertson@hotmail.com RI Fontaine, Joseph/F-6557-2010 OI Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-7639-9156 FU Lolo National Forest; U.S. Forest Service; NSF [GK-12, 03-38165, DEB-0543178] FX We thank the Lolo National Forest and the U.S. Forest Service for funding and logistical support. Thanks also to R. Fletcher for input and logistical support on this study, and to B. Crees, M. Hethcoat, K, Asakawa, and A. Lawrence for data collection. This work complied with the current laws governing animal research in the United States. JJF was supported by an ECOS fellowship from an NSF GK-12 grant (03-38165) to the University of Montana and NSF Grant No. DEB-0543178 to T. Martin. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 EI 1557-9263 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 BP 420 EP 429 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2010.00298.x PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 687JI UT WOS:000284774400010 ER PT J AU Griffin, NL D'Aout, K Richmond, B Gordon, A Aerts, P AF Griffin, Nicole L. D'Aout, Kristiaan Richmond, Brian Gordon, Adam Aerts, Peter TI Comparative in vivo forefoot kinematics of Homo sapiens and Pan paniscus SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Great ape; Hallux; Human; Joint excursion; Metatarsophalangeal joint; Terrestrial locomotion ID ANATOMICALLY BASED PROTOCOL; MICRO-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; TRABECULAR BONE; FEMORAL-HEAD; HUMAN FOOT; AUSTRALOPITHECUS-AFARENSIS; METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT; PLANTAR APONEUROSIS; MIDTARSAL BREAK; WALKING AB The human metatarsophalangeal joints play a key role in weight transmission and propulsion during bipedal gait but at present the identification of when a habitual human-like metatarsi-fulcrimating mechanism first appeared in the fossil record is debated Part of this debate can be attributed to the absence of certain detailed quantitative data distinguishing human and great ape forefoot form and function The aim of this study is to quantitatively test previous observations that human metatarsophalangeal Joints exhibit greater amounts of dorsal excursion e dorsiflexion) than those of Pan at the terminal stance phase of terrestrial locomotion Video recordings were made in order to measure sagittal excursions of the medial metatarsophalangeal joints in habitually shod/unshod adult humans and adult bonobos (Pan paniscus) Results indicate that the human first and second metatarsophalangeal joints usually dorsiflex more than those of bonobos When timing of maximum excursion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint is coupled with existing plantar pressure data the unique role of the human forefoot as a key site of leverage and weight transmission is highlighted These results support hypotheses that significant joint functional differences between great apes and humans during gait underlie taxonomic distinctions in trabecular bone architecture of the forefoot. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Griffin, Nicole L.] Duke Univ, Dept Evolutionary Anthropol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [D'Aout, Kristiaan; Aerts, Peter] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Antwerp, Belgium. [D'Aout, Kristiaan] Royal Zool Soc Antwerp, Ctr Res & Conservat, Antwerp, Belgium. [Richmond, Brian] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Ctr Adv Study Hominid Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Richmond, Brian] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Gordon, Adam] SUNY Albany, Dept Anthropol, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Aerts, Peter] Univ Ghent, Dept Movement & Sports Sci, Ghent, Belgium. RP Griffin, NL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Evolutionary Anthropol, POB 90383,Sci Dr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. OI Gordon, Adam/0000-0002-1807-4644; D'Aout, Kristiaan/0000-0002-6043-7744 FU L.S B Leakey Foundation; NSF [BCS-0726124, DGE-9987590, DGE-0801634]; Sigma Xi; FWO-Flanders [G 0125 05]; BOF-UA FX This study has been supported by the L.S B Leakey Foundation NSF BCS-0726124, Sigma Xi Grant-in-Aid of Research Lewis Cotlow Research Fund, and through PA and KD, the FWO-Flanders Grant G 0125 05 and BOF-UA NG would also like to acknowledge the GWU Selective Excellence Initiative NSF IGERT grants DGE-9987590 and DGE-0801634 as well as Duke University NR 68 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 59 IS 6 BP 608 EP 619 DI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.07.017 PG 12 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 690AI UT WOS:000284971900002 PM 20851457 ER PT J AU Ding, XD Leigh, CM Goodman, SM Bedford, JM Carleton, MD Breed, WG AF Ding, Xiaodan Leigh, C. M. Goodman, S. M. Bedford, J. M. Carleton, M. D. Breed, W. G. TI Sperm Morphology in the Malagasy Rodents (Muroidea: Nesomyinae) SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sperm morphology; rodents; Nesomyinae; Madagascar ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; MURINE RODENTS; NUCLEAR GENES; MADAGASCAR; SPERMATOZOA; EVOLUTION; COOPERATION; COMPETITION; MURIDAE; ORIGIN AB The morphology of the spermatozoon of representative species of the subfamily Nesomyinae (Muroidea: Nesomyidae), a monophyletic group of rodents endemic to Madagascar, was examined by light and electron microscopy to determine the sperm head shape and tail length across the species. Marked interspecific differences were found to occur in both the form of the sperm head and length of the tail. The species that possess a sperm head with an apical hook, which largely contains acrosomal material, generally displayed longer sperm tails, and a species with a spatulate sperm head had the shortest tail. The association between sperm head shape and tail length mirrors that previously found in Eurasian and Australasian murine rodents. Thus, the repeated association between sperm head shape and tail length across these groups of muroid rodents clearly indicates a functional relationship between these two features. A comparison of sperm morphology of the nesomyines to that of related muroid rodents on the mainland of Africa suggests that the possession of an apical hook is the ancestral condition. J. Morphol. 271:1493-1500, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Ding, Xiaodan; Leigh, C. M.; Breed, W. G.] Univ Adelaide, Discipline Anat & Pathol, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Goodman, S. M.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Goodman, S. M.] Assoc Vahatra, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar. [Carleton, M. D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Breed, WG (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Discipline Anat & Pathol, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. EM bill.breed@adelaide.edu.au FU John T. and Catherine D. MacArthur Foundation; Volkswagen Foundation FX Contract grant sponsors: John T. and Catherine D. MacArthur Foundation and Volkswagen Foundation. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0362-2525 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 271 IS 12 BP 1493 EP 1500 DI 10.1002/jmor.10889 PG 8 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 680FN UT WOS:000284217900007 PM 20927800 ER PT J AU Rogers, SA AF Rogers, Sarah A. TI Palestine, nothing is missing here SO JOURNAL OF PALESTINE STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Rogers, Sarah A.] Smithsonian Inst, Terra Fdn, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Rogers, SA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Terra Fdn, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0377-919X J9 J PALESTINE STUD JI J. Palest. Stud. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 2 BP 130 EP U137 PG 2 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 604OR UT WOS:000278288900013 ER PT J AU Torchin, ME McKenzie, VJ AF Torchin, Mark E. McKenzie, Valerie J. TI INTRODUCTION OF ARMAND KURIS, RECIPIENT OF THE 2010 CLARK P. READ MENTOR AWARD SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Torchin, Mark E.; McKenzie, Valerie J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Torchin, ME (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM torchinm@si.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1041 EP 1043 DI 10.1645/GE-2636.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 697RF UT WOS:000285532700003 PM 21158606 ER PT J AU Rueda, LM Li, C Kim, HC Klein, TA Foley, DH Wilkerson, RC AF Rueda, Leopoldo M. Li, Cong Kim, Heung Chul Klein, Terry A. Foley, Desmond H. Wilkerson, Richard C. TI ANOPHELES BELENRAE, A POTENTIAL VECTOR OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Anopheles belenrae; Plasmodium vivax; Culicidae; Hyrcanus Group; Korea ID MALARIA AB The malarial parasite, Plasmodium vivax, was detected in 4 species of Anopheles (Hyrcanus Group) mosquitoes, namely An. kleini, An. pullus, An. belenrae, and An. sinensis, from Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea (ROK). This study confirmed that An. belenrae was infected by P. vivax, and implicated this species as a potential vector of vivax malaria in the ROK. C1 [Rueda, Leopoldo M.; Li, Cong; Foley, Desmond H.; Wilkerson, Richard C.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Div Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Klein, Terry A.] 65th Med Brigade USAMEDDAC Korea, Force Hlth Protect & Prevent Med, Unit 15281, APO, AP 96205 USA. [Kim, Heung Chul] 168th Multifunct Med Battal, Med Detachment 5, Med Brigade 65, Unit 15247, APO, AP 96205 USA. [Rueda, Leopoldo M.] Smithsonian Inst, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Museum Support Ctr, Suitland, MD 20646 USA. RP Rueda, LM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Div Entomol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Foley, Desmond/0000-0001-7525-4601 FU Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response Systems of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, MD FX Thanks to personnel of the 5th Medical Detachment, and staff of 65th Medical Brigade, U.S. Army, ROK, for field collections of mosquito specimens; and J. Pecor and Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit staff for curatorial help. We are grateful to Y. M. Huang, C. R. Summers, and B. P. Rueda for helpful reviews of the manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response Systems of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, MD. This research was performed under a Memorandum of Understanding between the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and the Smithsonian Institution, with institutional support provided by both organizations. The opinions and assertions contained herein are those of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 430 EP 432 DI 10.2987/10-6057.1 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 697QI UT WOS:000285529800009 PM 21290939 ER PT J AU Siegal-Willott, JL Harr, K Hayek, LAC Scott, KC Gerlach, T Sirois, P Reuter, M Crewz, DW Hill, RC AF Siegal-Willott, Jessica L. Harr, Kendal Hayek, Lee-Ann C. Scott, Karen C. Gerlach, Trevor Sirois, Paul Reuter, Mike Crewz, David W. Hill, Richard C. TI PROXIMATE NUTRIENT ANALYSES OF FOUR SPECIES OF SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION CONSUMED BY FLORIDA MANATEE (TRICHECHUS MANATUS LATIROSTRIS) COMPARED TO ROMAINE LETTUCE (LACTUCA SATIVA VAR. LONGIFOLIA) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Halodule wrightii; manatee; nutrient analysis; Syringodium filiforme; Thalassia testudinum; Trichechus manatus ID WEST-INDIAN MANATEE; BANKS-EX-KONIG; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; CONSTITUENTS; COMMUNITIES; SEAGRASSES; SIRENIA; VALUES; TRACT; COAST AB Free-ranging Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) consume a variety of sea grasses and algae. This study compared the dry matter (DM) content, proximate nutrients (crude protein [CP], ether-extracted crude fat [EE], nonfiber carbohydrate [NFC], and ash), and the calculated digestible energy (DE) of sea grasses (Thalassia testudinum, Halodule wrightii, and Syringodium filiforme)collected in spring, summer, and winter, and an alga (Chara sp.) with those of romaine lettuce (Lactuca saliva var. longfolia). Neutral-detergent fiber (NDF), acid-detergent fiber (ADF), and lignin (L) measured after ash-extraction were also compared. Results of statistical tests (alpha = 0.01) revealed DM content was higher in aquatic vegetation than in lettuce (P = 0.0001), but NDF and ADF were up to threefold greater, EE (P = 0.00001) and CP (P = 0.00001) were 2-9 times less, and NFC (P = 0.0001) was 2-6 times lower in sea grass than in lettuce, on a DM basis. Chara was lower in NDF, ADF, L, EE, CP, and NFC relative to lettuce on a DM basis. Ash content (DM basis) was higher (P = 0.0001), and DE was 2-6 times lower in aquatic vegetation than in lettuce. Sea grass rhizomes had lower L and higher ash contents (DM basis) than sea grass leaves. Based on the nutrient analyses, romaine lettuce and sea grasses are not equivalent forages, which suggests that the current diet of captive Florida manatees should be reassessed. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Siegal-Willott, Jessica L.; Scott, Karen C.; Gerlach, Trevor; Hill, Richard C.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Small Anim Hosp, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Harr, Kendal] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Large Anim Hosp, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Sirois, Paul; Reuter, Mike] Dairy One Forage Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Crewz, David W.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Siegal-Willott, JL (reprint author), Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Anim Hlth, 3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM jess_sw24@hotmail.com OI Harr, Kendal/0000-0001-5390-3586 FU College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA FX The authors wish to extend thanks to the sea grass and manatee groups at the Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute for providing boats and personnel (Donna Berns, Jennifer Kunzelman) and for assisting with sea grass collections. Thanks also to the staff at Everglades National Park for assisting with collection of Chara. This research was funded by Dr. Darryl Heard through the Zoological Medicine Research Fund, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 41 IS 4 BP 594 EP 602 DI 10.1638/2009-0118.1 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 697BO UT WOS:000285487800002 PM 21370638 ER PT J AU Dorsey, C Dennis, P Guagnano, G Wood, T Brown, JL AF Dorsey, Candice Dennis, Patricia Guagnano, Gregory Wood, Thomas Brown, Janine L. TI DECREASED BASELINE FECAL GLUCOCORTICOID CONCENTRATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SKIN AND ORAL LESIONS IN BLACK RHINOCEROS (DICEROS BICORNIS) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Adrenocortical insufficiency; black rhinoceros; glucocorticoids; Diceros bicornis; hypoadrenia; skin lesions ID SUPERFICIAL NECROLYTIC DERMATITIS; CERATOTHERIUM-SIMUM; CRITICALLY-ILL; STRESS; RESPONSES; DISTRESS; BEHAVIOR AB Ulcerative lesions are a health concern for managed black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) populations. To examine possible relationships between ex situ variables and adrenal activity with the presence of lesions, facility and socioenvironmental surveys of 25:20 (male:female) black rhinos at 18 zoos were conducted, and fecal samples were collected twice weekly for 1 yr for glucocorticoid metabolite analyses. During the collection period, 5.1 rhinos exhibited skin lesions, 1.0 had oral lesions, and 1.0 had both. All of the rhinos with lesions recovered, except the one with both oral and skin lesions, which died shortly after the end of the study. In general, there were no relationships (P > 0.05) between ex situ variables, or rhino behavior indices, and lesion onset. There also were no differences (P > 0.05) in fecal glucocorticoid variability (+/- SEM) between rhinos with (coefficients of variation [CV] = 57.1 +/- 7.2 ng/g) and without (53.8 +/- 2.3 ng/g) lesions, or in overall mean (+/- SEM) glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations between rhinos with (45.1 +/- 4.0 ng/g) and without (34.6 +/- 2.8 ng/g) lesions. However, baseline mean (+/- SEM) glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) in rhinos with lesions (n = 5.1, baseline mean = 29.9 +/- 3.3 ng/g, range: 24.3-84.9 ng/g) than without (n = 19.19 baseline mean = 40.0 +/- 2.4 ng/g, range: 19.4-50.8 ng/g). For a male rhino that developed lesions during the study, the mean glucocorticoid concentrations were lower (P < 0.01) when lesions were present (n = 12, overall = 30.1 +/- 2.4 ng/g, baseline = 28.7 +/- 2.2 ng/g) than prior to lesion onset (n = 75, overall = 36.5 +/- 1.0 ng/g, baseline 35.3 +/- 0.8 ng/g). These results suggest that ulcerative lesions may be associated with changes in adrenal activity, although it is not clear if this is a cause or effect of disease. C1 [Dorsey, Candice; Brown, Janine L.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Dorsey, Candice; Guagnano, Gregory; Wood, Thomas] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Dennis, Patricia] Cleveland Metropk Zoo, Cleveland, OH 44109 USA. RP Dorsey, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Natl Zool Pk, 1500 Remount Dr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM cdorsey@aza.org RI Dennis, Patricia/A-2081-2015 FU Association of Zoos and Aquariums; International Rhino Foundation FX The authors wish to thank the keepers and veterinarians at the following institutions who completed surveys and collected fecal samples for this study: Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield Zoo, Busch Gardens Tampa Bay, Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Dallas Zoo, Disney's Animal Kingdom, Denver Zoological Park, The Great Plains Zoo, The Kansas City Zoo, Lee Richardson Zoo, Miami Metrozoo, Milwaukee County Zoo, Pittsburgh Zoo and Aquarium, Potter Park Zoo, Racine Zoological Park, San Antonio Zoo and St. Louis Zoo. The authors would also like to thank MP Bio, LLC for contributing corticosterone radioimmunoassay kits. Moreover, the authors thank P. Hider for assisting with the hormone extractions and assays. Funding for this study was generously provided by the Conservation Endowment Fund of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums and the International Rhino Foundation. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 41 IS 4 BP 616 EP 625 DI 10.1638/2009-0162.1 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 697BO UT WOS:000285487800005 PM 21370641 ER PT J AU Woc-Colburn, M Murray, S Boedeker, N Viner, T Fleetwood, ML Barthel, TC Newman, KD Sanchez, CR AF Woc-Colburn, Margarita Murray, Suzan Boedeker, Nancy Viner, Tabitha Fleetwood, Michelle L. Barthel, Tony C. Newman, Kurt D. Sanchez, Carlos R. TI EMBRYONAL RHABDOMYOSARCOMA IN A ROTHSCHILD'S GIRAFFE (GIRAFFA CAMELOPARDALIS ROTHSCHILDI) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Rothschild's giraffe; Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi; embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma ID DOG; METASTASIS; DEER AB A 3-yr-old male Rothschild's giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) presented for acute swelling caudomedial to the left parietal horn. Following initial diagnostics and supportive treatment, the mass was surgically resected and intralesional chemotherapy was administered. Despite treatment, the giraffe's condition worsened and euthanasia was performed. Gross necropsy revealed neoplastic invasion and destruction of underlying parietal bone, adjacent horn base, and sinuses, and metastases in the tracheobronchial and mandibular lymph nodes and lung. Histologically, the tumor was composed of packets of anaplastic round cells. Immunohistochemical studies further characterized the tumor as an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. This is the first reported case of rhabdomyosarcoma in a giraffe. C1 [Woc-Colburn, Margarita; Murray, Suzan; Boedeker, Nancy; Viner, Tabitha; Barthel, Tony C.; Sanchez, Carlos R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Fleetwood, Michelle L.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. [Newman, Kurt D.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Woc-Colburn, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, 3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM margarita_woc@yahoo.com NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 41 IS 4 BP 717 EP 720 DI 10.1638/2009-0195.1 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 697BO UT WOS:000285487800020 PM 21370656 ER PT J AU Hong, T AF Hong, Terry TI Please Look After Mom SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Hong, Terry] Smithsonian BookDragon, Washington, DC USA. RP Hong, T (reprint author), Smithsonian BookDragon, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 135 IS 20 BP 109 EP 109 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 692DF UT WOS:000285131000127 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI Screen World, vol 61, The Films of 2009 SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 135 IS 20 BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 692DF UT WOS:000285131000277 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI Historical Dictionary of Competitive Swimming SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 135 IS 20 BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 692DF UT WOS:000285131000276 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI The Complete Encyclopedia of Formula One, 12th edition SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. RP Guz, SS (reprint author), Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 135 IS 20 BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 692DF UT WOS:000285131000275 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI The Francis Ford Coppola Encyclopedia SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. RP Guz, SS (reprint author), Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 135 IS 20 BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 692DF UT WOS:000285131000274 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI Contemporary Japan: History, Politics, and Social Change Since the 1980s SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. RP Guz, SS (reprint author), Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 135 IS 20 BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 692DF UT WOS:000285131000273 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI Cancer Sourcebook for Women, 4th edition SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. RP Guz, SS (reprint author), Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 135 IS 20 BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 692DF UT WOS:000285131000272 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI Top Ten of Everything 2011 SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. RP Guz, SS (reprint author), Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 135 IS 20 BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 692DF UT WOS:000285131000271 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI American Buyers: Demographics of Shopping SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. RP Guz, SS (reprint author), Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 135 IS 20 BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 692DF UT WOS:000285131000270 ER PT J AU Baeza, JA Braga, AA Lopez-Greco, LS Perez, E Negreiros-Fransozo, ML Fransozo, A AF Baeza, J. A. Braga, A. A. Lopez-Greco, L. S. Perez, E. Negreiros-Fransozo, M. L. Fransozo, A. TI Population dynamics, sex ratio and size at sex change in a protandric simultaneous hermaphrodite, the spiny shrimp Exhippolysmata oplophoroides SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYSMATA-WURDEMANNI DECAPODA; MARINE SHRIMP; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; CARIDEAN SHRIMPS; GENUS LYSMATA; HIPPOLYTIDAE; CRUSTACEA; GROWTH; ALLOCATION; ANIMALS AB One of the main goals of sex allocation theory is understanding sex ratio evolution. However, theoretical studies predicting sex ratios in species with unusual sexual systems, such as protandric simultaneous (PS) hermaphroditism, are rare. In PS hermaphrodites, juveniles first develop into functional males that mature into simultaneous hermaphrodites later in life. Here, we report on the sex ratio (males/males + hermaphrodites) in the PS hermaphroditic shrimp Exhippolysmata oplophoroides. A 2-year study demonstrated that hermaphrodites dominated the population in two different bays. This skewed sex ratio may be explained by limited encounter rates among conspecifics. In agreement with this idea, the density of shrimps was extremely low (a parts per thousand currency sign1 shrimp km(-2)) at the two study sites. Size at sex phase change and sex ratios remained relatively stable through time at the two bays. The stability of these parameters might be explained by the rather steady population structure of this species during the study period. A review of sex ratios in PS hermaphroditic shrimps (Lysmata and Exhippolysmata) revealed considerable variation; some species have male- and others hermaphrodite-skewed sex ratios. The conditions explaining inter- and intra-specific sex ratio variation in protandric simultaneous hermaphroditic species remain to be addressed. C1 [Baeza, J. A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 084303092, Ancon, Panama. [Baeza, J. A.] Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Baeza, J. A.; Perez, E.] Univ Catolica Norte, Fac Ciencias Mar, Dept Biol Marina, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile. [Braga, A. A.] UFES, Ctr Ciencias Agr, Dept Vet Med, BR-29500000 Alegre, ES, Brazil. [Lopez-Greco, L. S.] Univ Buenos Aires, FCEyN, Dept Biodivers & Expt Biol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Perez, E.] CEAZA, Coquimbo, Chile. [Negreiros-Fransozo, M. L.; Fransozo, A.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Ecol & Culture Study Grp,NEBECC Crustacean Biol, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. RP Baeza, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal, Balboa 084303092, Ancon, Panama. EM baezaa@si.edu RI Negreiros-Fransozo, Maria/H-2403-2012; OI Negreiros-Fransozo, Maria/0000-0002-8070-8089; Baeza, Juan Antonio/0000-0002-2573-6773 FU FAPESP [94/4848-4, 98/3234-6]; STRI; SMSFP FX AF and MLNF thank FAPESP for funding of infrastructure, Weld trips, and laboratory work (projects #94/4848-4 and #98/3234-6). We appreciate the invaluable help of the NEBECC crew during our Weld and laboratory activities. JAB is thankful for support from a STRI Marine Postdoctoral Fellowship and a SMSFP Postdoctoral Fellowship. Sampling was conducted according to the Sao Paulo state and Brazilian federal laws. We appreciate the helpful comments by three anonymous referees. This is contribution number 830 from the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 157 IS 12 BP 2643 EP 2653 DI 10.1007/s00227-010-1525-2 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 679LC UT WOS:000284161900006 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, R Carrejo, N Wilkerson, RC Alarcon, J Alarcon-Ormasa, J Ruiz, F Bhatia, R Loaiza, J Linton, YM AF Gonzalez, Ranulfo Carrejo, Nancy Wilkerson, Richard C. Alarcon, Joubert Alarcon-Ormasa, Joubert Ruiz, Fredy Bhatia, Ravinder Loaiza, Jose Linton, Yvonne-Marie TI Confirmation of Anopheles (Anopheles) calderoni Wilkerson, 1991 (Diptera: Culicidae) in Colombia and Ecuador through molecular and morphological correlation with topotypic material SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ LA English DT Article DE Anopheles calderoni; morphology; DNA barcodes; COI; ITS2; Colombia; Ecuador; new country records ID DNA BARCODES; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; GENUS ANOPHELES; SEQUENCES AB The morphologically similar taxa Anopheles calderoni, Anopheles punctimacula, Anopheles malefactor and Anopheles guarao are commonly misidentified. Isofamilies collected in Valle de Cauca, Colombia, showed morphological characters most similar to An. calderoni, a species which has never previously been reported in Colombia. Although discontinuity of the postsubcostal pale spots on the costa (C) and first radial (R(1)) wing veins is purportedly diagnostic for An. calderoni, the degree of overlap of the distal postsubcostal spot on C and R(1) were variable in Colombian specimens (0.003-0.024). In addition, in 98.2% of larvae, seta 1-X was located off the saddle and seta 3-C had 4-7 branches in 86.7% of specimens examined. Correlation of DNA sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer and mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) barcodes (658 bp of the COI gene) generated from Colombian progeny material and wild-caught mosquitoes from Ecuador with those from the Peruvian type series of An. calderoni confirmed new country records. DNA barcodes generated for the closely related taxa, An. malefactor and An. punctimacula are also presented for the first time. Examination of museum specimens at the University of the Valle, Colombia, revealed the presence of An. calderoni in inland localities across Colombia and at elevations up to 1113 m. C1 [Gonzalez, Ranulfo; Carrejo, Nancy] Univ Valle, Fac Ciencias Nat & Exactas, Cali, Colombia. [Wilkerson, Richard C.; Ruiz, Fredy] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Support Ctr, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Suitland, MD USA. [Alarcon, Joubert; Alarcon-Ormasa, Joubert] Minist Salud Publ, Serv Nacl Control Enfermedades Transmitidas Vecto, Guayaquil, Ecuador. [Ruiz, Fredy; Bhatia, Ravinder; Linton, Yvonne-Marie] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [Loaiza, Jose] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa Ancon, Panama. [Loaiza, Jose] Univ Panama, Programa Ctr Amer Maestria Entomol Vicerrectoria, Panama City, Panama. RP Gonzalez, R (reprint author), Univ Valle, Fac Ciencias Nat & Exactas, Edificio 320,Ciudadela Univ Melendez, Cali, Colombia. EM ranulfog@gmail.com FU Royal Caribbean International; Consortium for the Barcode of Life; Sloane Foundation; ScholarShip Program LLC; La Universidad del Valle, Colombia; Mosquito Barcoding Initiative; owner, officers; crew; Department of the Army; Department of Defense FX Royal Caribbean International, Consortium for the Barcode of Life, The Sloane Foundation, The ScholarShip Program LLC; To La Universidad del Valle, Colombia, to the Mosquito Barcoding Initiative, to the owner, officers and crew of The ScholarShip, for supporting this research through provision of laboratory infrastructure and operational assistance, to Property Spy PLC, for Molecular costs funded through the generous donations, to the anonymous friends of the Natural History Museum, to further the activities of the Mosquito Barcoding Initiative. Parts of this research were performed at the Smithsonian Institution under a Memorandum of Understanding between the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and the Smithsonian Institution, with institutional support provided by both organizations. The material contained within this manuscript has been reviewed by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. There is no objection to its presentation and/or publication. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the author, and are not to be construed as official, or as reflecting true views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU FUNDACO OSWALDO CRUZ PI RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ PA AV BRASIL 4365, 21045-900 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL SN 0074-0276 J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz PD DEC PY 2010 VL 105 IS 8 BP 1001 EP 1009 DI 10.1590/S0074-02762010000800009 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 705CV UT WOS:000286107400009 PM 21225197 ER PT J AU Tu, TY Volis, S Dillon, MO Sun, H Wen, J AF Tu, Tieyao Volis, Sergei Dillon, Michael O. Sun, Hang Wen, Jun TI Dispersals of Hyoscyameae and Mandragoreae (Solanaceae) from the New World to Eurasia in the early Miocene and their biogeographic diversification within Eurasia SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Biogeography; Disjunction; Dispersal; Mediterranean; South America; Tibetan Plateau; Vicariance ID QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU; LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; SEED DISPERSAL; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; DNA-SEQUENCES; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PLIOCENE CLIMATE AB The cosmopolitan Solanaceae contains 21 tribes and has the greatest diversity in South America. Hyoscyameae and Mandragoreae are the only tribes of this family distributed exclusively in Eurasia with two centers of diversity: the Mediterranean-Turanian (MT) region and the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In this study, we examined the origins and biogeographical diversifications of the two tribes based on the phylogenetic framework and chronogram inferred from a combined data set of six plastid DNA regions (the atpB gene, the ndhF gene, the rps16-trnK intergenic spacer, the rbcL gene, the trnC-psbM region and the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer) with two fossil calibration points. Our data suggest that Hyoscyameae and Mandragoreae each forms a monophyletic group independently derived from different New World lineages in the early Miocene. Phylogenetic relationships within both tribes are generally well resolved. All genera of Hyoscyameae are found to be monophyletic and they diversified in middle to late Miocene. At nearly the same time. Mandragoreae split into two clades, corresponding to the MT region and the TP region, respectively. Both the phylogenetic relationships and the estimated ages of Hyoscyameae and Mandragoreae support two independent dispersal events of their ancestors from the New World into Eurasia. After their arrivals in Eurasia, the two tribes diversified primarily in the MT region and in the TP region via multiple biogeographic processes including vicariance, dispersal, recolonization or being preserved as relicts, from the mid Miocene to the late Quaternary. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tu, Tieyao; Sun, Hang; Wen, Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Key Lab Biodivers & Biogeog, Kunming 650204, Peoples R China. [Volis, Sergei] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Life Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Dillon, Michael O.] Field Museum, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL USA. [Wen, Jun] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, MRC Bot 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Sun, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Key Lab Biodivers & Biogeog, Lanhei Rd 132, Kunming 650204, Peoples R China. EM hsun@mail.kib.ac.cn; wenj@si.edu FU National 973 Project of China [2007CB411601]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30625004]; US National Science Foundation [DEB-0415573]; [40930209] FX The authors thank G.M. van der Weerden, Ki-oug Yoo, Vladimir Cherniak, Yuanwen Duan, Victor Quipuscoa, Yonghong Zhang, and Liangliang Yue for assistance in obtaining plant materials. We thank Lee Weight, Jeffery Hunt, David Boufford, Jipei Yue, Zelong Nie, Ying Meng, Yang Yang, Jianwen Zhang, Zhumei Ren, Lei Xie, Hongli Tian, Yunjuan Zuo, Rong Li, Xinwei Xu, and Pingting Chen for lab or field assistance. The study was supported by grants of the National 973 Project of China (2007CB411601), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30625004), 40930209 and the US National Science Foundation (DEB-0415573 to Michael Dillon and Jun Wen). Lab work was partially supported by the Laboratory of Analytical Biology at the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution. NR 136 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 57 IS 3 BP 1226 EP 1237 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.09.007 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 693NT UT WOS:000285231500022 PM 20858548 ER PT J AU Loaiza, JR Scott, ME Bermingham, E Sanjur, OI Wilkerson, R Rovira, J Gutierrez, LA Correa, MM Grijalva, MJ Birnberg, L Bickersmith, S Conn, JE AF Loaiza, Jose R. Scott, Marilyn E. Bermingham, Eldredge Sanjur, Oris I. Wilkerson, Richard Rovira, Jose Gutierrez, Lina. A. Correa, Margarita M. Grijalva, Mario J. Birnberg, Lotty Bickersmith, Sara Conn, Jan E. TI Late Pleistocene environmental changes lead to unstable demography and population divergence of Anopheles albimanus in the northern Neotropics SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Anopheles albimanus; COI; White; ITS2; Pleistocene environmental changes; Geographic fragmentation; Population expansion ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CENTRAL-AMERICA; SOUTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GENE FLOW; HISTORY; PACIFIC; PANAMA; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB We investigated the historical demography of Anopheles albimanus using mosquitoes from five countries and three different DNA regions, the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI), the single copy nuclear white gene and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer two (ITS2). All the molecular markers supported the taxonomic status of a single species of An. albimanus. Furthermore, agreement between the COI and the white genes suggested a scenario of Pleistocene geographic fragmentation (i.e., population contraction) and subsequent range expansion across southern Central America. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Loaiza, Jose R.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. [Scott, Marilyn E.] McGill Univ, Inst Parasitol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Loaiza, Jose R.; Bermingham, Eldredge; Sanjur, Oris I.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, Balboa Ancon, Panama. [Loaiza, Jose R.] Univ Panama, Programa Centroamer Maestria Entomol Vicerrectori, Panama City, Panama. [Wilkerson, Richard] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Rovira, Jose] Inst Conmemorativo Gorgas Estudios Salud, Ciudad De Panama, Panama. [Gutierrez, Lina. A.; Correa, Margarita M.] Univ Antioquia, Grp Microbiol Mol, Escuela Microbiol, Medellin, Colombia. [Grijalva, Mario J.; Birnberg, Lotty] Ohio Univ, Trop Dis Inst, Coll Osteopath Med, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Grijalva, Mario J.] Pontifical Catholic Univ Ecuador, Ctr Infect Dis Res, Sch Biol Sci, Quito, Ecuador. [Bickersmith, Sara; Conn, Jan E.] New York State Dept Hlth, Griffin Lab, Wadsworth Ctr, Slingerlands, NY USA. [Conn, Jan E.] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biomed Sci, Albany, NY USA. RP Loaiza, JR (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, 21-111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. EM jose.loaiza@mail.mcgill.ca; marilyn.scott@mcgill.-ca; bermingham@si.edu; sanjuro@si.edu; wilkersonr@si.edu; jrovira@gorgas.gob.pa; liangutibui@g-mail.com; mcorrea@quimbaya.udea.edu.co; grijal-va@ohiou.edu; lottycita@yahoo.com; sab19@health.state.ny.us; jconn@wadsworth.org RI Scott, Marilyn/L-5347-2015; OI Conn, Jan/0000-0002-5301-7020; Grijalva, Mario/0000-0003-1964-1425; Gutierrez Builes, Lina Andrea/0000-0002-5336-6984 FU Secretariat for Science, Technology and Innovation of Panama (SENACYT) [COL08-066]; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R0154139-02]; Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnologia (COLCIENCIAS) [1115-05-16879]; Comite para el Desarrollo de la Investigacion (CODI) Universidad de Antioquia [8700-039, E-01233]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Fonds Quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies (FQRNT) FX Financial support was obtained partially from the Secretariat for Science, Technology and Innovation of Panama (SENACYT) through a research grant (COL08-066) awarded to Jose R. Loaiza. Additional financial support was provided by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant (AI) R0154139-02 to JEC, Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnologia (COLCIENCIAS) grant 1115-05-16879 to MCO, Comite para el Desarrollo de la Investigacion (CODI) Universidad de Antioquia grant 8700-039 and E-01233, to MCO, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) to MES. Research at the Institute of Parasitology is supported by a regroupement strategique from Fonds Quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies (FQRNT). We would like to acknowledge Dr. Efrain Beltran from the National Malaria Eradication Service (SNEM), in Ecuador, and Luis Guillermo Chaverri Sanchez from Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad de Costa Rica (INBio) for technical assistance. We are grateful to Matthew Miller and Laura B. Geyer from STRI and to Martin Donnelly from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine for helpful discussions and comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 57 IS 3 BP 1341 EP 1346 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.09.016 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 693NT UT WOS:000285231500036 PM 20888924 ER PT J AU Rowlinson, A O'Brien, PT Tanvir, NR Zhang, B Evans, PA Lyons, N Levan, AJ Willingale, R Page, KL Onal, O Burrows, DN Beardmore, AP Ukwatta, TN Berger, E Hjorth, J Fruchter, AS Tunnicliffe, RL Fox, DB Cucchiara, A AF Rowlinson, A. O'Brien, P. T. Tanvir, N. R. Zhang, B. Evans, P. A. Lyons, N. Levan, A. J. Willingale, R. Page, K. L. Onal, O. Burrows, D. N. Beardmore, A. P. Ukwatta, T. N. Berger, E. Hjorth, J. Fruchter, A. S. Tunnicliffe, R. L. Fox, D. B. Cucchiara, A. TI The unusual X-ray emission of the short Swift GRB 090515: evidence for the formation of a magnetar? SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: individual: 090515; stars: neutron ID NEUTRON-STARS; ENERGY INJECTION; MILLISECOND PULSARS; OPTICAL AFTERGLOW; EXTENDED EMISSION; HOST GALAXY; SPECTRAL LAGS; LIGHT CURVES; BURSTS; FLARES AB The majority of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) are thought to originate from the merger of compact binary systems collapsing directly to form a black hole. However, it has been proposed that both SGRBs and long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) may, on rare occasions, form an unstable millisecond pulsar (magnetar) prior to final collapse. GRB 090515, detected by the Swift satellite was extremely short, with a T-90 of 0.036 +/- 0.016 s, and had a very low fluence of 2 x 10(-8) erg cm(-2) and faint optical afterglow. Despite this, the 0.3-10 keV flux in the first 200 s was the highest observed for an SGRB by the Swift X-ray Telescope (XRT). The X-ray light curve showed an unusual plateau and steep decay, becoming undetectable after similar to 500 s. This behaviour is similar to that observed in some long bursts proposed to have magnetars contributing to their emission. In this paper, we present the Swift observations of GRB 090515 and compare it to other gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the Swift sample. Additionally, we present optical observations from Gemini, which detected an afterglow of magnitude 26.4 +/- 0.1 at T+1.7 h after the burst. We discuss potential causes of the unusual 0.3-10 keV emission and suggest it might be energy injection from an unstable millisecond pulsar. Using the duration and flux of the plateau of GRB 090515, we place constraints on the millisecond pulsar spin period and magnetic field. C1 [Rowlinson, A.; O'Brien, P. T.; Tanvir, N. R.; Evans, P. A.; Lyons, N.; Willingale, R.; Page, K. L.; Beardmore, A. P.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Zhang, B.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Levan, A. J.; Tunnicliffe, R. L.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Onal, O.] Istanbul Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Fac Sci, TR-34119 Istanbul, Turkey. [Burrows, D. N.; Fox, D. B.; Cucchiara, A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ukwatta, T. N.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Ukwatta, T. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Berger, E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hjorth, J.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Fruchter, A. S.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Rowlinson, A (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM bar7@star.le.ac.uk RI Hjorth, Jens/M-5787-2014 OI Hjorth, Jens/0000-0002-4571-2306 FU Science and Technology Funding Council; NASA [NAS5-00136]; DNRF FX AR, NRT, PAE, NL, AJL, KLP and APB would like to acknowledge funding from the Science and Technology Funding Council. This work makes use of data supplied by the UK Swift Science Data Centre at the University of Leicester and the Swift satellite funded by NASA and the Science and Technology Funding Council. Swift funding at PSU comes from NASA contract NAS5-00136. The Dark Cosmology Centre is funded by the DNRF. NR 98 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 409 IS 2 BP 531 EP 540 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17354.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 681BX UT WOS:000284282300006 ER PT J AU Walsh, PD Boyer, D Crofoot, MC AF Walsh, Peter D. Boyer, Denis Crofoot, Margaret C. TI Monkey and cell-phone-user mobilities scale similarly SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 [Walsh, Peter D.] VaccinApe, Bethesda, MD 20816 USA. [Boyer, Denis] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Boyer, Denis] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Complejidad, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Crofoot, Margaret C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Crofoot, Margaret C.] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Dept Migrat & Immunoecol, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. [Crofoot, Margaret C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Walsh, PD (reprint author), VaccinApe, 5301 Westbard Circle, Bethesda, MD 20816 USA. EM peterdanielwalsh@gmail.com NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 6 IS 12 BP 929 EP 930 DI 10.1038/nphys1875 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 688EM UT WOS:000284832600004 ER PT J AU Clough, W AF Clough, Wayne TI Up With Science SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Clough, W (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD DEC PY 2010 VL 41 IS 8 BP 26 EP + PG 2 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 683DY UT WOS:000284453100012 ER PT J AU Testa, P AF Testa, Paola TI Element Abundances in X-ray Emitting Plasmas in Stars SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Element abundances; X-rays; Spectroscopy; Stars; X-ray activity ID T-TAURI-STARS; STELLAR CORONAL ABUNDANCES; SOLAR MODEL PROBLEM; PHOTOSPHERIC ABUNDANCES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MOLECULAR CLOUD; NEON ABUNDANCES; FLARE PLASMAS; ZETA-PUPPIS; ALGOL-B AB Studies of element abundances in stars are of fundamental interest for their impact in a wide astrophysical context, from our understanding of galactic chemistry and its evolution, to their effect on models of stellar interiors, to the influence of the composition of material in young stellar environments on the planet formation process. We review recent results of studies of abundance properties of X-ray emitting plasmas in stars, ranging from the corona of the Sun and other solar-like stars, to pre-main sequence low-mass stars, and to early-type stars. We discuss the status of our understanding of abundance patterns in stellar X-ray plasmas, and recent advances made possible by accurate diagnostics now accessible thanks to the high resolution X-ray spectroscopy with Chandra and XMM-Newton. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Testa, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 58, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ptesta@cfa.harvard.edu FU NASA [NNX10AF29G] FX I would like to express warm gratitude to Enrico Landi and Jeremy Drake for helpful comments. This work has been supported by NASA grant NNX10AF29G. NR 97 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 157 IS 1-4 BP 37 EP 55 DI 10.1007/s11214-010-9714-3 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 732GE UT WOS:000288172200005 ER PT J AU Lee, JC AF Lee, Julia C. TI X-ray Spectroscopy of Astrophysical Dust SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Dust: XAFS; ISM; Composition abundances-ISM: dust composition-technique: solid state; Condensed matter-X-rays: ISM; Dust ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; SCATTERING HALO; XMM-NEWTON; DISK ATMOSPHERE; CRAB-NEBULA; CYG X-3; CHANDRA; DISTANCE; OXYGEN AB High spectral resolution X-ray instruments on powerful X-ray satellites (e.g. Chandra, XMM-Newton) pointed through dust and gas at bright black holes and neutron stars can be used to study dust and intervening material in unique ways. With the new subfield of Condensed Matter Astrophysics as its goal, I will discuss current efforts to combine techniques and knowledge from condensed matter physics and astrophysics to determine the species-specific quantity and composition of interstellar gas and dust in the ISM and ionized environments. Prospects for improving on this work in future X-ray missions with higher throughput and spectral resolution are also presented in the context of spectral resolution goals for gratings and calorimeters. C1 [Lee, Julia C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lee, Julia C.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lee, JC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, 60 Garden St MS-6, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jclee@cfa.harvard.edu RI Lee, Julia/G-2381-2015 OI Lee, Julia/0000-0002-7336-3588 FU Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences FX JCL thanks the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences for financial support of the XAFS work. Further thanks goes toward the efforts of Harvard postdoctoral fellow Jingen Xiang, collaborators Bruce Ravel (NIST) and Jeffrey Kortright (LBNL), Misha Petaev (Harvard EPS and CfA), and Carl Francis-curator for the Harvard Mineralogical Museum for providing samples. Thanks also to the organizers of this meeting for facilitating the necessary and important dialogs crucial for future of X-ray missions. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 157 IS 1-4 BP 93 EP 101 DI 10.1007/s11214-010-9723-2 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 732GE UT WOS:000288172200007 ER PT J AU Foster, AR Smith, RK Brickhouse, NS Kallman, TR Witthoeft, MC AF Foster, A. R. Smith, R. K. Brickhouse, N. S. Kallman, T. R. Witthoeft, M. C. TI The Challenges of Plasma Modeling: Current Status and Future Plans SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Atomic data; X-ray astronomy; Atomic processes ID HELIUM-LIKE IONS; LINE DIAGNOSTICS; ATOMIC DATABASE; CHARGE-TRANSFER; RECOMBINATION; EMISSION; SCATTERING; HYDROGEN; ELEMENTS; SPECTRA AB Successfully modeling X-ray emission from astrophysical plasmas requires a wide range of atomic data to be rapidly accessible by modeling codes, enabling calculation of synthetic spectra for fitting with observations. Over many years the astrophysical databases have roughly kept pace with the advances in detector and spectrometer technology. We outline here the basic atomic processes contributing to the emission from different types of plasmas and briefly touch on the difference between the methods used to calculate this data. We then discuss in more detail the different issues addressed by atomic databases in regards to what data to store and how to make it accessible. Finally, the question of the effect of uncertainties in atomic data is explored, as a reminder to observers that atomic data is not known to infinite precision, and should not be treated as such. C1 [Foster, A. R.; Smith, R. K.; Brickhouse, N. S.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kallman, T. R.; Witthoeft, M. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Smith, RK (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM afoster@cfa.harvard.edu; rsmith@cfa.harvard.edu OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 157 IS 1-4 BP 135 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s11214-010-9732-1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 732GE UT WOS:000288172200009 ER PT J AU Deutsch, J AF Deutsch, James TI Lydia's Open Door: Inside Mexico's Most Modern. Brothel SO WESTERN FOLKLORE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Deutsch, James] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Deutsch, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CALIFORNIA FOLKLORE SOC PI POMONA PA WESTERN FOLKLORE DEPT OF ENGL/FOREIGN LANGUAGES 3801 W.TEMPLE AVENUE, POMONA, CA 91768-4010 USA SN 0043-373X J9 WESTERN FOLKLORE JI West. Folk. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 69 IS 1 SI SI BP 136 EP 137 PG 2 WC Folklore SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 672WH UT WOS:000283617200018 ER PT J AU Olson, SL Loftin, H Goodwin, S AF Olson, Storrs L. Loftin, Horace Goodwin, Steve TI BIOLOGICAL, GEOGRAPHICAL, AND CULTURAL ORIGINS OF THE LOON HUNTING TRADITION IN CARTERET COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A tradition of shooting Common Loons (Gavin immer) for food and for bone fishing lures was established on Shackleford Banks, North Carolina, by the mid-19th century. This strongly ingrained tradition continued to be maintained, primarily by residents of nearby Harkers Island, when inhabitants of the banks moved inland about 1899. The practice probably arose because, on the east/west-tending Shackleford Banks, loons migrating northward in spring flew sufficiently low over land to be within shotgun range. Spring loon shooting, although illegal since 1918, grew to the point that dozens of hunters might be present on the banks on a given day. A strict law enforcement crackdown on this activity began in 1950, and the banks were effectively shut down for loon shooting. Loons continued to be shot opportunistically nearby, but a growing cultural intolerance of this practice brought the loon hunting tradition to an end. We document the existing memories and the few, scattered written sources concerning this unique local interaction between humans and birds. Received 30 March 2010. Accepted 23 June 2010. C1 [Olson, Storrs L.] Smithsonian Inst, Div Birds, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Loftin, Horace] Carteret Cty Hist Soc, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Div Birds, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM olsons@si.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 122 IS 4 BP 716 EP 724 DI 10.1676/10-048.1 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 692RY UT WOS:000285174000010 ER PT J AU Verma, SP Luhr, JF AF Verma, Surendra P. Luhr, James F. TI Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic evidence for the origin and evolution of the Cantaro-Colima volcanic chain, Western Mexican Volcanic Belt SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mexico; radiogenic isotopes; rift; subduction; geochemistry; arc ID DISCORDANCY TEST VARIANTS; EAST PACIFIC RISE; TRACE-ELEMENT CONSTRAINTS; MIDOCEAN RIDGE BASALT; CALC-ALKALINE MAGMAS; SIERRA-LA-PRIMAVERA; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; CRITICAL-VALUES; NORMAL SAMPLES; DE-COLIMA AB We report new geochemical and Sr, Nd, and Pb radiogenic isotope data on Pleistocene to Recent subalkaline, basanite-minette, and mixed alkaline magmas from the Cantaro-Colima volcanic chain in the western part of the Mexican Volcanic Belt (MVB). All rocks from this area, including the basanites and minettes, show enrichment in LILE (e.g., Cs, Ba, and Sr) and depletion in HFSE (e.g., Ta and Ti), generally considered to be a characteristic of subduction-related magmas. The isotopic ratios of Cantaro-Colima rocks show the following ranges: (87)Sr/(86)Sr 0.70282-0.70395, (143)Nd/(144)Nd 0.51282-0.51305, (206)Pb/(204)Pb 18.54-18.70, (207)pb/(204)pb 15.53-15.61, and (208)Pb/(204)Pb 38.09-38.52. The most mafic basaltic andesite from Volcan Cantaro is isotopically the most depleted rock, similar to MORB and oceanic basalts from seamounts in the adjacent oceanic basins. It has the least radiogenic Sr and Pb and the most radiogenic Nd yet measured from any locality in the MVB. The combined geochemical and isotopic evidence is compatible with the generation of both alkaline and subalkaline magmas of the Cantaro-Colima volcanic chain in the mantle wedge by fluid-transport to the mantle from the subducted plate. The isotopic data are also generally consistent with the actual physical mixing of subalkaline and alkaline basanite-minette magmas to generate intermediate alkaline magmas. The geochemical and isotopic data from the western part of the MVB, including the Cantaro-Colima volcanic chain, however, also reflect the tectonic complexity of simultaneously ongoing subduction and rifting, requiring more complex petrogenetic processes and a chemically and isotopically heterogeneous mantle. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Verma, Surendra P.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Sistemas Energet, Ctr Invest Energia, Temixco 62580, Morelos, Mexico. [Luhr, James F.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Verma, SP (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Sistemas Energet, Ctr Invest Energia, Priv Xochicalco S No, Temixco 62580, Morelos, Mexico. EM spv@cie.unam.mx NR 138 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV 30 PY 2010 VL 197 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 33 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.08.019 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 702MP UT WOS:000285899100003 ER PT J AU Housh, TB Aranda-Gomez, JJ Luhr, JF AF Housh, Todd B. Jorge Aranda-Gomez, Jose Luhr, James F. TI Isla Isabel (Nayarit, Mexico): Quaternary alkalic basalts with mantle xenoliths erupted in the mouth of the Gulf of California SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Isla Isabel; intraplate magmatism; petrography; geochemistry; mantle xenoliths ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; SAN-LUIS-POTOSI; SUBSOLIDUS PHASE-RELATIONS; MIDOCEAN RIDGE BASALT; VOLCANIC BELT; TRACE-ELEMENT; WESTERN MEXICO; SOCORRO ISLAND; CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION; ULTRAMAFIC XENOLITHS AB Isla Isabel is a small island (similar to 1.06 km(2)) off the coast of Nayarit where intraplate-type alkali-basaltic volcanic rocks erupted during the Quaternary, and one of two Mexican islands (along with Isla Guadalupe) where it is known that the alkali basalts have transported peridotite xenoliths to the surface. The volume of the island is estimated at approximately 4.2 km(3); the volume above sea level is estimated to be approximately 0.03 km(3). The dominant volcanic rock type exposed above sea level is analcime-cemented basaltic tuff-breccia, the rapidly lithified products of hydrovolcanic eruptions; however, subaerial scoria-fall deposits and lava flows are also present. Ten analyzed Isla Isabel volcanic rocks are relatively homogeneous alkali basalts with 4.5-6.4 wt.% nepheline in the CIPW norm. Compared to other analyzed Mexican intraplate-type volcanic rocks from oceanic and continental localities, at the same MgO content, the Isabel samples are depleted in TiO(2), FeO(total), and Na(2)O, and moderately incompatible trace elements (e.g., Sm, Eu, Tb, and Zr). On the other hand, they are enriched in CaO and Al(2)O(3), and relatively compatible trace elements (e.g.. Lu and Sc). It is suggested that relative to other Mexican intraplate alkaline lavas the Isabel lavas were derived by higher degrees of melting at lower pressures of mantle that is characterized by ancient HIMU-like isotope systematics. Isabel olivine phenocrysts and their spinel inclusions range to Mg#s that overlap with the peridotite minerals in the accompanying mantle xenoliths, which has not been reported at other Mexican xenolith localities. Olivine-hosted glass inclusions in rapidly quenched scoria yielded the first estimates for volatile contents in Mexican intraplate-type mafic melts; maximum values are: 1.3 wt.% H(2)O, 2241 ppm CO(2),1500 ppm F, 1300 ppm S. and 1200 ppm CI. Isabel peridotites (OI +/- Hy +/- Di+Sp +/- PI) include dunites, harzburgites, and rare plagioclase-harzburgite, and are depleted in clinopyroxene in comparison to other Mexican peridotite localities where Iherzolites dominate; Isabel peridotite clinopyroxenes are also depleted in Na(2)O compared to other Mexican localities, another reflection of their refractory nature. Pressure estimates for Isabel xenoliths based on olivine-clinopyroxene Ca exchange indicate that they equilibrated at relatively low pressures (5.9-15.5 kb) compared to other Mexican peridotites (similar to 10-20 kb), which is consistent with the presence of a single plagioclase-harzburgite xenolith. The refractory character of the Isabel xenoliths is consistent with the results of the Alarcon segment of the PESCADOR seismic experiment, and Lizarralde et al.'s [Lizarralde, D., Axen, G.J., Brown, H.E., Fletcher, J.M., Gonzales-Fernandez, A., Harding, A.J., Holbrook, W.S., Kent, G.M., Paramo, P., Sutherland, F., Umhoefer, P.J., 2007. Variation in styles of rifting in the Gulf of California. Nature 448: 466-469] hypothesis that wide, magma-poor rifted margins result from rifting of depleted mantle. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jorge Aranda-Gomez, Jose] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. [Housh, Todd B.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Luhr, James F.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Aranda-Gomez, JJ (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Campus Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. EM jjag@servidor.unam.mx FU Conacyt [47071]; Smithsonian Institution; University of Texas Geology Foundation FX Financial support for this study was provided by Conacyt (Project 47071 to J. Aranda), the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Studies Program awards to J. Luhr, and by The University of Texas Geology Foundation to T. Housh. We thank Jose Luis Osorno from the Direccion General de Vida Silvestre of Mexico's Instituto Nacional de Ecologia for granting permission to collect rock samples on the island. Bob Isaac (Smithsonian) identified the cementing mineral of Isabel tuffs as analcime by X-ray diffraction. Tim Gooding prepared polished thin sections and offered expert assistance and advice on preparation and polishing of crystals with glass inclusions. Reviews by Kevin Righter and John Wolff led to significant improvements in this paper. NR 114 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV 30 PY 2010 VL 197 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 85 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.06.011 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 702MP UT WOS:000285899100006 ER PT J AU Aranda-Gomez, JJ Housh, TB Luhr, JF Noyola-Medrano, C Rojas-Beltran, MA AF Jorge Aranda-Gomez, Jose Housh, Todd B. Luhr, James F. Noyola-Medrano, Cristina Rojas-Beltran, Marco Antonio TI Origin and formation of neck in a basin landform: Examples from the Camargo volcanic field, Chihuahua (Mexico) SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE volcanic landform; erosional basin; volcanic neck ID PETROLOGY; GEOLOGY; CALIFORNIA; CALDERAS; DURANGO AB The term "neck in a basin" (NIB) landform is proposed for volcanic structures characterized by nearly circular to elliptical open basins, located near the headwater of small streams or drainages, which contain small volcanic necks and/or erosion remnants of one (or more) cinder cones. NIB landforms are typically 400-1000 m in diameter and 30-100 m deep and are invariably surrounded by steep walls cut into one or more basaltic lava flows. NIB landforms lack evidence for a primary volcanogenic origin through either collapse or youthful eruptive activity. In the Pliocene portion (4 - 2 Ma) of the Plio-Quaternary Camargo volcanic field of Chihuahua (Mexico), they are relatively numerous and are best developed at the margins of a gently sloping (3-5 degrees) basaltic lava plateau and near major fault scarps. Mature NIB landforms have ring-like circular drainage patterns and central elevations marked by small volcanic necks and associated radial dikes intruded into basaltic scoria-fall and/or agglutinate deposits. We interpret NIB landforms to be erosional in origin. They develop where a cinder cone is surrounded by one or more sheet-like lava flows from one or more separate subsequent vents. Once eruptive activity ceases at the younger volcano(es), fluvial erosion gradually produces a ring-like drainage pattern along the contact between the lava and the older cinder cone. As a response to a marked contrast in resistance to erosion between lava flows and unconsolidated or poorly lithified pyroclastic deposits, the older cinder cone is preferentially eroded. In this manner, a ring-shaped, steep sided erosional basin, preformed by the scoria cone, is produced; eventually fluvial erosion exposes the central neck and dikes. The volume, relief, and age of the volcanic field are key factors in the formation and preservation of a NIB landform. They form in volcanic fields where lava emissions are sufficiently vigorous to engulf earlier cinder cones. Relief and associated high rates of fluvial erosion play an important role in NIB development, as demonstrated by their locations in the Camargo volcanic field. Fully developed NIB landforms are not found in Quaternary volcanic fields, probably because erosion has not had sufficient time to generate their characteristics features. NIB landforms are also absent in Miocene fields, because erosion has proceeded too far, and thus has completely removed any NIB landform that may once have existed. The Camargo volcanic field is the only major area of Pliocene intraplate eruptive activity in northern Mexico, and the only place where NIB landforms are relatively abundant. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jorge Aranda-Gomez, Jose] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Queretaro 76001, Mexico. [Housh, Todd B.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Luhr, James F.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, NHB 119, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Noyola-Medrano, Cristina] Inst Potosino Invest Cient & Tecnol, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. [Rojas-Beltran, Marco Antonio] Univ Paris 07, PRODIG UMR 8587, F-75013 Paris, France. RP Aranda-Gomez, JJ (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Campus Juriquilla,POB 1-742, Queretaro 76001, Mexico. EM jjag@servidor.unam.mx; cristina.noyola@titan.ipicyt.edu.mx; marbel_red@yahoo.com RI Noyola Medrano, Cristina/C-6685-2016 OI Noyola Medrano, Cristina/0000-0001-9875-6751 FU CONACYT [2172-T9304, 3657PT, 47071] FX Gerardo Aguirre and Paul Kimberly assisted in the fieldwork. Gerardo Carrasco read and commented on an earlier draft of the paper. We gratefully thank them for their help. The paper was reviewed by Lucia Capra, D. Karatson and J. Varekamp. We appreciate their insightful comments and suggestions. Financial support for this investigation was provided to Jorge Aranda by CONACYT grants 2172-T9304, 3657PT, and 47071 and to Jim Luhr by the Smithsonian Institution's Scholarly Studies Program. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV 30 PY 2010 VL 197 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.08.004 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 702MP UT WOS:000285899100008 ER PT J AU Luhr, JF Navarro-Ochoa, C Savov, IP AF Luhr, James F. Navarro-Ochoa, Carlos Savov, Ivan P. TI Tephrochronology, petrology and geochemistry of Late-Holocene pyroclastic deposits from Volcan de Colima, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Colima; andesite; tephrochronology; tephra-fall; pyroclastic surge; magma mixing ID DE-COLIMA; CINDER CONES; EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; COMPLEX; ROCKS; CLASSIFICATION; FLOWS; BELT; AREA AB Volcan de Colima in Western Mexican Volcanic Belt is the most active volcano in North America. We present a detailed tephrochronological study of its Holocene proximal tephra-fall, pyroclastic surge and pyroclastic flow deposits based on 98 new stratigraphic sections, 183 new dendrocalibrated radiocarbon [(14)C] age determinations, 209 new geochemical analyses of pumice and ash, >50 texture and mineral (point-counting) mode determinations and 230 grain-size analyses. These results provide a much clearer understanding of the explosive eruptive behavior of Volcan de Colima during the past 10,000 years. Our data reveals that only one of the many eruptions described in historic documents has been large enough to be preserved. We discuss the major and trace element geochemistry and petrology of the Holocene tephra and compare it with the currently erupting calc-alkaline andesites and alkaline minettes and basanites from the adjacent cinder cones. It appears that several of the oldest (similar to 12,000-6000 yrs BP) samples of the Holocene tephra may record the last episodes of calc-alkaline and alkaline magma mixing as first described in the pioneering work of Luhr and Carmichael (1981). Finally, the tephrochronological record from the northern, downwind side of the Colima Volcanic Complex is compared with the extensive, radiocarbon-constrained, record of Holocene debris-avalanche deposits on the south side of the complex, to build a more integrated picture of its past volcanic activity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Navarro-Ochoa, Carlos] Univ Colima, Observ Vulcanol, Colima, Mexico. [Luhr, James F.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Savov, Ivan P.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Geophys & Tecton, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Navarro-Ochoa, C (reprint author), Univ Colima, Observ Vulcanol, Gonzalo de Sandoval Av 444, Colima, Mexico. EM naoc@ucol.mx; i.savov@see.leeds.ac.uk FU Smithsonian Institution FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of Jim Luhr as a tribute to his life-long detailed studies of Mexican volcanoes, in particular at Colima volcano (26 years) and on this project (12 years). Tim Gooding, Tim Rose and Marc Lipella (all from the Smithsonian Institution) are thanked for their assistance with the sample preparation for the XRF bulk rock measurements, thin section preparation and EPMA/SEM troubleshooting. We acknowledge Lee Siebert, Merry Cai, Mikel Diez and Alain Volentik for their constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We also appreciate the detailed journal reviews by J.C. Komorowski, R. Sulpizio and the associate editor J. L Macias and the editorial handling by the guest editor J.C. Varenkamp, which improved the clarity of the paper. Partial funding for this project was provided by the Radiocarbon Fund & the Scholarly Studies Program of the Smithsonian Institution. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV 30 PY 2010 VL 197 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 1 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.11.007 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 702MP UT WOS:000285899100002 ER PT J AU Carrasco-Nunez, G Siebert, L Diaz-Castellon, R Vazquez-Selem, L Capra, L AF Carrasco-Nunez, Gerardo Siebert, Lee Diaz-Castellon, Rodolfo Vazquez-Selem, Lorenzo Capra, Lucia TI Evolution and hazards of a long-quiescent compound shield-like volcano: Cofre de Perote, Eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE compound volcanoes; shield volcanoes; volcanic evolution; volcanic hazards; instability; Cofre de Perote; Mexico ID LATE-PLEISTOCENE; CASITA VOLCANO; COLLAPSE; ROCKS; SIMULATION; AVALANCHES; NICARAGUA; WRANGELL; DEPOSITS; PROVINCE AB Cofre de Perote (Nauhcampatepetl) volcano lies at the northern end of the Citlaltepetl-Cofre de Perote volcanic range (CCVR) that is the easternmost of several volcanic chains orthogonal to the E-W trend of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). The CCVR is an important physiographic feature separating the Gulf coastal plains from the Altiplano, with pronounced differential relief of more than 1000 m and sloping substrate promoting major edifice failures toward the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain of most of the volcanoes that form that chain. Its structure, composition, and volcanic history diverge significantly from that of the large dominantly andesitic stratovolcanoes that have been the major focus of research efforts in the TMVB. Cofre de Perote volcano is dominated by the successive emplacement of basaltic andesite, andesitic-trachyandesitic to dacitic lava flows and associated breccias erupted through different vents that built a massive low-angle compound shield-like volcano, in contrast to a typical steep stratocone. Despite that apparently stable morphology, repeated edifice collapse has left massive horseshoe-shaped scarps that truncate the eastern side of the edifice. Five major evolutionary stages characterize the growth of this volcano including: 1) emplacement of a multiple-vent dome complex forming the basal structure of Cofre de Perote around 1.3-0.51 Ma; 2) construction of the basal part of the compound shield volcano from at least two main upper-edifice vents and minor flank vents at about 0.42-0.31 Ma; 3) effusion of the summit lavas through multiple vents at 0.25-0.2 Ma; 4) late-stage, large-volume edifice collapse on at least two occasions (ca. 40 ka and ca. 11-13 ka), producing long-runout debris avalanches and debris flows that traveled to the east; and 5) nearly simultaneous eruption of both alkaline and calc-alkaline Pleistocene-to-Holocene monogenetic cones (likely related to regional volcanism) through the flanks of the Cofre de Perote edifice. Long-term factors influencing edifice failure include hydrothermal alteration, increased pore pressure from glacially derived water, extension produced by repetitive volcanism along the chain parallel to the maximum horizontal compression, and perhaps most significantly, construction of the edifice over a sharply eastward-sloping substrate. Evolution of a compound shield volcano like Cofre de Perote reveals that even relatively stable, long-quiescent edifices with a gentle morphology that are considered apparently extinct structures pose a significant hazard to the nearby populated areas, as post-eruptive sector collapses have occurred in recent times (40-11 ka) not associated with contemporaneous volcanic activity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Carrasco-Nunez, Gerardo; Diaz-Castellon, Rodolfo; Capra, Lucia] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. [Siebert, Lee] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Global Volcanism Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Vazquez-Selem, Lorenzo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geog, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Carrasco-Nunez, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Campus UNAM Juriquilla,Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. EM gerardoc@geociencias.unam.mx RI Capra, Lucia/C-2371-2011 FU CONACYT [44549-F, 50780-F]; UNAM-PAPIIT [IN107905, IN111206] FX We dedicate this paper to Jim Luhr, whose interest in Mexican volcanoes led to very fruitful discussions at the beginning of this study that provided important ideas for this paper. Funding to perform this work came from CONACYT grant 44549-F and UNAM-PAPIIT grant IN107905 to GCN; and from CONACYT grant 50780-F and UNAM-PAPIIT grant IN111206 to LVS. J.L. Rodriguez helped with field and lab work. Logistic support was provided by Centro de Geociencias (UNAM). Manuel Albarran helped with the sample preparation, and thin sections were made by Juan Vazquez; chemical analyzes were performed by Rufino Lozano at Instituto de Geologia (UNAM). Initial field work and discussion with Steve Nelson is much appreciated. Reviews by C. Waythomas, G. Boudon and guest editor J.L. Macias provided important insights that greatly improved this paper. NR 68 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV 30 PY 2010 VL 197 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 209 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.08.010 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 702MP UT WOS:000285899100013 ER PT J AU Chesner, CA Luhr, JF AF Chesner, Craig A. Luhr, James F. TI A melt inclusion study of the Toba Tuffs, Sumatra, Indonesia SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Toba Tuffs; melt inclusions; geochemistry; dissolved volatiles; aerosols ID ASH-FLOW SHEETS; BISHOP-TUFF; QUARTZ PHENOCRYSTS; SILICIC MAGMA; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; RHYOLITIC GLASSES; SUPER-ERUPTION; NORTH SUMATRA; LONG-VALLEY; 75 KA AB The Toba Caldera in Northern Sumatra, Indonesia is the site of Earth's largest Quaternary volcanic eruption. This eruption, dated at 74 ka, produced the 2800 km(3) Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) and ash-fall. Quartz-bearing silicic pumices ranging from 68 to 77 wt.% SiO2 indicate that the YTT magma was zoned compositionally and mineralogically. Prior to the YTT eruption, two other silicic quartz-bearing tuffs known as the Middle Toba Tuff (MTT) and the Oldest Toba Tuff (OTT) were erupted from Toba at 0.501 Ma and 0.840 Ma respectively. Although the volatile contents of the Toba magmas are poorly constrained, aerosols generated by the YTT eruption are generally thought to have caused a global volcanic winter. An evaluation of the pre-eruptive dissolved gas contents of the YTT magma is fundamental to understanding the global effects of this eruption. We used melt inclusions in quartz crystals to determine the dissolved H2O, CO2, S, Cl, and F contents of the YTT, MTT, and OTT magmas. Quartz crystals selected from pumice blocks and welded tuffs that spanned the compositional ranges of the three units were chosen for study. Major and trace element analyses of melt inclusions were also conducted to characterize melt evolution and provide context to the volatile data. Melt inclusions from the YTT, MTT, and OTT are rhyolitic in composition (73-77 wt.% SiO2) and have overlapping, indistinguishable major element trends. Inclusions from the large eruptions (YTT and 07) have similar geochemical relationships where the most evolved melt inclusions occur in the least silicic bulk rock samples and are more evolved than their matrix glasses. In contrast, the least evolved melt inclusions occur in the most silicic samples and either overlap with, or are less evolved than their matrix glasses. These patterns can be explained if quartz crystals in the least silicic magmas were inherited from more evolved melt, while those in the most silicic melt formed in-situ. Several lines of evidence suggest that crystal settling of early-formed quartz crystals in long-lived magma bodies was an important process in the YTT and OTT magmas. Trace element data from the YTT melt inclusions have wide ranges (Rb = 250-830 ppm, Ba = <10-485 ppm) and mostly support these models: however, incompatible trace elements are enriched 2-3x over their matrix glass compositions in all samples. In the smaller MTT, melt inclusions overlapped with the compositional range of the bulk rock samples and are consistent with in-situ crystallization. FIR analyses indicate that the YTT. MTT. and OTT melts contained about 4.0-5.5, 2.0-5.5, and 2.0-5.5 wt.% H2O respectively. CO2 contents in all units are generally <100 ppm and Cl is <2000 ppm. Water gradients occur in all 3 tuffs, Cl gradients are evident only in the YTT, and the least silicic samples from all units had no detectable CO2. Sulfur contents in melt inclusions are low in all samples (<32 ppm) and overlap with matrix glass S contents. Applying broad degassing constraints, about 10(14) g of H2SO4 aerosols were likely loaded into the atmosphere during the YTT eruption, 2 orders of magnitude less than previous petrologic estimates. Considerably more Cl and F, about 10(15) g of each, may have been part of the YTT aerosol cloud. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chesner, Craig A.] Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Geol Geog, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. [Luhr, James F.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Chesner, CA (reprint author), Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Geol Geog, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. EM cachesner@eiu.edu FU Department of Mineral Science; National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; Eastern Illinois University Honors College FX This report is dedicated to the memory of co-author James F. Luhr. It has been an honor and a privilege to have been taught the art of melt inclusion preparation and analysis by such a legendary petrologist. May his enthusiasm, professionalism, patience, and guidance be carried on by all who have had the opportunity to know and work with him. The Department of Mineral Science, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution and the Eastern Illinois University Honors College supported this research. Electron microprobe and FTIR analyses were done at the Smithsonian Institution. Amelia Logan assisted with the microprobe analyses and Tim Gooding helped prepare the samples. Assistance with the MTT and OTT samples was provided by Rachel Ens. LA-ICP-MS analyses were performed at the University of Maryland's Plasma Mass Spectrometry Laboratory under the direction of Bill McDonough. Ion-probe data were collected in the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution. The GeoAnalytical Laboratory at Washington State University analyzed the whole rock and glass matrix samples by ICP-MS. Steve Self and Tom Vogel provided constructive reviews of this manuscript. NR 79 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 9 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV 30 PY 2010 VL 197 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 259 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.06.001 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 702MP UT WOS:000285899100016 ER PT J AU Muller, A Schippers, S Phaneuf, RA Kilcoyne, ALD Brauning, H Schlachter, AS Lu, M McLaughlin, BM AF Mueller, A. Schippers, S. Phaneuf, R. A. Kilcoyne, A. L. D. Braeuning, H. Schlachter, A. S. Lu, M. McLaughlin, B. M. TI State-resolved valence shell photoionization of Be-like ions: experiment and theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; GROUND-STATE; ATOMIC IONS; C2+ IONS; BERYLLIUM; RECOMBINATION; OXYGEN; C3+ AB High-resolution photoionization experiments were carried out using beams of Be-like C(2+), N(3+) and O(4+) ions with roughly equal populations of the (1)S ground state and the (3)P(o) manifold of metastable components. The energy scales of the experiments are calibrated with uncertainties of 1-10 meV depending on photon energy. Resolving powers beyond 20 000 were reached allowing for the separation of contributions from the individual metastable (3)P(0)(o), (3)P(1)(o) and (3)P(2)(o) states. The measured data compare favourably with semi-relativistic Breit-Pauli R-matrix calculations. C1 [Mueller, A.; Schippers, S.; Braeuning, H.] Univ Giessen, Inst Atom & Mol Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Phaneuf, R. A.; Lu, M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Kilcoyne, A. L. D.; Schlachter, A. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McLaughlin, B. M.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Ctr Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys CTAMOP, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [McLaughlin, B. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Muller, A (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Inst Atom & Mol Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. EM Alfred.Mueller@iamp.physik.uni-giessen.de RI Muller, Alfred/A-3548-2009; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013; Schippers, Stefan/A-7786-2008 OI Muller, Alfred/0000-0002-0030-6929; Schippers, Stefan/0000-0002-6166-7138 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Mu 1068/10]; NATO [976362]; US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC03-76SF-00098, DE-FG02-03ER15424]; US National Science Foundation FX We acknowledge support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under project number Mu 1068/10 and through NATO Collaborative Linkage grant 976362 as well as by the US Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-AC03-76SF-00098 and grant DE-FG02-03ER15424. B M McLaughlin acknowledges support by the US National Science Foundation through a grant to ITAMP at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. The computational work was carried out at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center in Oakland, CA, USA, and on the Tera-grid at the National Institute for Computational Science (NICS) in TN, USA, which is supported in part by the US National Science Foundation. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD NOV 28 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 22 AR 225201 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/43/22/225201 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 679GI UT WOS:000284149400004 ER PT J AU White, EP Ernest, SKM Adler, PB Hurlbert, AH Lyons, SK AF White, Ethan P. Ernest, S. K. Morgan Adler, Peter B. Hurlbert, Allen H. Lyons, S. Kathleen TI Integrating spatial and temporal approaches to understanding species richness SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE species richness; diversity; species-time-area relationship; scaling; palaeoecology ID TIME-AREA RELATIONSHIP; COMPETITIVE COEXISTENCE; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; FOSSIL RECORD; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; ENERGY; POPULATION; ENVIRONMENTS AB Understanding species richness patterns represents one of the most fundamental problems in ecology. Most research in this area has focused on spatial gradients of species richness, with a smaller area of emphasis dedicated to understanding the temporal dynamics of richness. However, few attempts have been made to understand the linkages between the spatial and temporal patterns related to richness. Here, we argue that spatial and temporal richness patterns and the processes that drive them are inherently linked, and that our understanding of richness will be substantially improved by considering them simultaneously. The species-time-area relationship provides a case in point: successful description of the empirical spatio-temporal pattern led to a rapid development and testing of new theories. Other areas of research on species richness could also benefit from an explicitly spatio-temporal approach, and we suggest future directions for understanding the processes common to these two traditionally isolated fields of research. C1 [White, Ethan P.; Ernest, S. K. Morgan] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Adler, Peter B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hurlbert, Allen H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Lyons, S. Kathleen] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP White, EP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM ethan@weecology.org RI Ernest, Morgan/A-4355-2008; White, Ethan/A-2936-2008; Adler, Peter/D-3781-2009; Ernest, SK Morgan/O-2532-2015; OI Ernest, Morgan/0000-0002-6026-8530; Ernest, SK Morgan/0000-0002-6026-8530; White, Ethan/0000-0001-6728-7745; Hurlbert, Allen/0000-0002-5678-9907 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0953694] FX E. P. W. and S. K. M. E. would like to thank Diane Ernest for providing them with the time to write, without which this paper would never have been completed. We thank John Harte and Xiao Xiao for conversations regarding the potential application of entropy maximization to these problems, and Robert Colwell and an anonymous reviewer for comments on the manuscript. This work was partially supported by a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation to EPW (DEB-0953694). NR 98 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 67 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 27 PY 2010 VL 365 IS 1558 BP 3633 EP 3643 DI 10.1098/rstb.2010.0280 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 673LU UT WOS:000283665200005 PM 20980312 ER PT J AU Lyons, SK Wagner, PJ Dzikiewicz, K AF Lyons, S. Kathleen Wagner, Peter J. Dzikiewicz, Katherine TI Ecological correlates of range shifts of Late Pleistocene mammals SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE range shifts; Late Pleistocene mammals; body size; life-history traits; ecological traits; climate change ID LATE-QUATERNARY VEGETATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; BODY-SIZE; MARINE BIVALVES; EXTINCTION RISK; SPECIES RANGE; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; COMMUNITIES AB Understanding and predicting how species' distributions will shift as climate changes are central questions in ecology today. The late Quaternary of North America represents a natural experiment in which we can evaluate how species responded during the expansion and contraction of the glaciers. Here, we ask whether species' range shifts differ because of taxonomic affinity, life-history traits, body size or topographic heterogeneity and whether the species survived the megafaunal extinction. There was no difference in range shifts between victims and survivors of the megafaunal extinction. In general, the change in the size of a species' range is not well correlated with any of the ecological or life-history traits evaluated. However, there are significant relationships between some variables and the movements of the centroids of ranges. Differences in the distances shifted exist among orders, although this is probably a result of body size differences as larger bodied species show larger shifts. Although there are a few exceptions, the distance that species shifted their range was weakly correlated with life-history traits. Finally, species in more topographically heterogeneous areas show smaller shifts than species in less-diverse areas. Overall, these results indicate that when trying to predict species range shifts in the future, body size, lifespan and the topographic relief of the landscape should be taken into account. C1 [Lyons, S. Kathleen; Wagner, Peter J.; Dzikiewicz, Katherine] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lyons, SK (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, POB 37012,MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM lyonss2@si.edu NR 62 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 27 PY 2010 VL 365 IS 1558 BP 3681 EP 3693 DI 10.1098/rstb.2010.0263 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 673LU UT WOS:000283665200009 PM 20980316 ER PT J AU Jackson, JBC AF Jackson, Jeremy B. C. TI The future of the oceans past SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE marine ecosystems; human impacts; extinction; climate change; palaeoceanography ID LONG-TERM DECLINE; MARINE BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM; MULTIPLE STABLE STATES; INDO-PACIFIC LIONFISH; MAJOR OIL-SPILL; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CORAL-REEFS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CUPULADRIID BRYOZOANS AB Major macroevolutionary events in the history of the oceans are linked to changes in oceanographic conditions and environments on regional to global scales. Even small changes in climate and productivity, such as those that occurred after the rise of the Isthmus of Panama, caused major changes in Caribbean coastal ecosystems and mass extinctions of major taxa. In contrast, massive influxes of carbon at the end of the Palaeocene caused intense global warming, ocean acidification, mass extinction throughout the deep sea and the worldwide disappearance of coral reefs. Today, overfishing, pollution and increases in greenhouse gases are causing comparably great changes to ocean environments and ecosystems. Some of these changes are potentially reversible on very short time scales, but warming and ocean acidification will intensify before they decline even with immediate reduction in emissions. There is an urgent need for immediate and decisive conservation action. Otherwise, another great mass extinction affecting all ocean ecosystems and comparable to the upheavals of the geological past appears inevitable. C1 [Jackson, Jeremy B. C.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Jackson, Jeremy B. C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Jackson, JBC (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jbjackson@ucsd.edu NR 167 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 15 U2 121 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 27 PY 2010 VL 365 IS 1558 BP 3765 EP 3778 DI 10.1098/rstb.2010.0278 PG 14 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 673LU UT WOS:000283665200016 PM 20980323 ER PT J AU Smith, FA Boyer, AG Brown, JH Costa, DP Dayan, T Ernest, SKM Evans, AR Fortelius, M Gittleman, JL Hamilton, MJ Harding, LE Lintulaakso, K Lyons, SK McCain, C Okie, JG Saarinen, JJ Sibly, RM Stephens, PR Theodor, J Uhen, MD AF Smith, Felisa A. Boyer, Alison G. Brown, James H. Costa, Daniel P. Dayan, Tamar Ernest, S. K. Morgan Evans, Alistair R. Fortelius, Mikael Gittleman, John L. Hamilton, Marcus J. Harding, Larisa E. Lintulaakso, Kari Lyons, S. Kathleen McCain, Christy Okie, Jordan G. Saarinen, Juha J. Sibly, Richard M. Stephens, Patrick R. Theodor, Jessica Uhen, Mark D. TI The Evolution of Maximum Body Size of Terrestrial Mammals SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIVERSIFICATION; VEGETATION; DINOSAURS; DYNAMICS AB The extinction of dinosaurs at the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary was the seminal event that opened the door for the subsequent diversification of terrestrial mammals. Our compilation of maximum body size at the ordinal level by sub-epoch shows a near-exponential increase after the K/Pg. On each continent, the maximum size of mammals leveled off after 40 million years ago and thereafter remained approximately constant. There was remarkable congruence in the rate, trajectory, and upper limit across continents, orders, and trophic guilds, despite differences in geological and climatic history, turnover of lineages, and ecological variation. Our analysis suggests that although the primary driver for the evolution of giant mammals was diversification to fill ecological niches, environmental temperature and land area may have ultimately constrained the maximum size achieved. C1 [Smith, Felisa A.; Brown, James H.; Hamilton, Marcus J.; Okie, Jordan G.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Boyer, Alison G.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dayan, Tamar] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Ernest, S. K. Morgan] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Ernest, S. K. Morgan] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Evans, Alistair R.] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Fortelius, Mikael; Lintulaakso, Kari; Saarinen, Juha J.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Geosci & Geog, Inst Biotechnol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Gittleman, John L.; Stephens, Patrick R.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Harding, Larisa E.] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Lyons, S. Kathleen] MRC 121, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [McCain, Christy] Univ Colorado, CU Nat Hist Museum, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sibly, Richard M.] Univ Reading, Sch Biol Sci, Reading, Berks, England. [Theodor, Jessica] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Uhen, Mark D.] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Smith, FA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM fasmith@unm.edu RI Ernest, Morgan/A-4355-2008; Evans, Alistair/D-4239-2011; Opazo, Luis-Felipe/G-9586-2011; Ernest, SK Morgan/O-2532-2015; OI Ernest, Morgan/0000-0002-6026-8530; Evans, Alistair/0000-0002-4078-4693; Ernest, SK Morgan/0000-0002-6026-8530; Sibly, Richard/0000-0001-6828-3543; Lintulaakso, Kari/0000-0001-9627-8821; Fortelius, Mikael/0000-0002-4851-783X FU Integrating Macroecological Pattern and Process across Scales (IMPPS) NSF Research Coordination Network (NSF) [DEB-0541625] FX This project was supported by the Integrating Macroecological Pattern and Process across Scales (IMPPS) NSF Research Coordination Network (NSF grant DEB-0541625 to F. A. S., S. K. M. E., and S. K. L.). This is IMPPS publication no. 11. NR 29 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 6 U2 90 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 26 PY 2010 VL 330 IS 6008 BP 1216 EP 1219 DI 10.1126/science.1194830 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 685FE UT WOS:000284613700034 PM 21109666 ER PT J AU Caillaud, D Crofoot, MC Scarpino, SV Jansen, PA Garzon-Lopez, CX Winkelhagen, AJS Bohlman, SA Walsh, PD AF Caillaud, Damien Crofoot, Margaret C. Scarpino, Samuel V. Jansen, Patrick A. Garzon-Lopez, Carol X. Winkelhagen, Annemarie J. S. Bohlman, Stephanie A. Walsh, Peter D. TI Modeling the Spatial Distribution and Fruiting Pattern of a Key Tree Species in a Neotropical Forest: Methodology and Potential Applications SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; DIPTERYX-PANAMENSIS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; HABITAT SELECTION; TROPICAL FOREST; SEED DISPERSAL; EL-NINO; BEHAVIOR; PANAMA; RECRUITMENT AB Background: The movement patterns of wild animals depend crucially on the spatial and temporal availability of resources in their habitat. To date, most attempts to model this relationship were forced to rely on simplified assumptions about the spatiotemporal distribution of food resources. Here we demonstrate how advances in statistics permit the combination of sparse ground sampling with remote sensing imagery to generate biological relevant, spatially and temporally explicit distributions of food resources. We illustrate our procedure by creating a detailed simulation model of fruit production patterns for Dipteryx oleifera, a keystone tree species, on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. Methodology and Principal Findings: Aerial photographs providing GPS positions for large, canopy trees, the complete census of a 50-ha and 25-ha area, diameter at breast height data from haphazardly sampled trees and long-term phenology data from six trees were used to fit 1) a point process model of tree spatial distribution and 2) a generalized linear mixed-effect model of temporal variation of fruit production. The fitted parameters from these models are then used to create a stochastic simulation model which incorporates spatio-temporal variations of D. oleifera fruit availability on BCI. Conclusions and Significance: We present a framework that can provide a statistical characterization of the habitat that can be included in agent-based models of animal movements. When environmental heterogeneity cannot be exhaustively mapped, this approach can be a powerful alternative. The results of our model on the spatio-temporal variation in D. oleifera fruit availability will be used to understand behavioral and movement patterns of several species on BCI. C1 [Caillaud, Damien; Scarpino, Samuel V.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Caillaud, Damien] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Primatol, Leipzig, Germany. [Crofoot, Margaret C.; Jansen, Patrick A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Crofoot, Margaret C.] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Dept Migrat & Immunoecol, Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. [Crofoot, Margaret C.; Bohlman, Stephanie A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Jansen, Patrick A.; Winkelhagen, Annemarie J. S.] Wageningen Univ, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Jansen, Patrick A.; Garzon-Lopez, Carol X.] Univ Groningen, Community & Conservat Ecol Grp, Haren, Netherlands. [Walsh, Peter D.] VaccinApe, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Caillaud, D (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM dcaillaud@austin.utexas.edu RI Garzon-Lopez, Carol/G-6251-2014; Jansen, Patrick/G-2545-2015 OI Garzon-Lopez, Carol/0000-0002-4099-2740; Jansen, Patrick/0000-0002-4660-0314 FU NSF [DEB-0553768, DEB-0640386, DEB-0425651, DEB-0346488, DEB-0129874, DEB-00753102, DEB-9909347, DEB-9615226, DEB-9405933, DEB-9221033, DEB-9100058, DEB-8906869, DEB-8605042, DEB-8206992, DEB-7922197, DEB-0749097]; University of California Santa Barbara and the State of California; Center for Tropical Forest Science; Smithsonian Tropical Forest Research Institute; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Mellon Foundation; Celera Foundation FX The National Center For Ecological Analysis is supported by NSF Grant DEB-0553768, the University of California Santa Barbara and the State of California. The Forest Dynamics Plots were funded by NSF Grants to Stephen Hubbell DEB-0640386, DEB-0425651, DEB-0346488, DEB-0129874, DEB-00753102, DEB-9909347, DEB-9615226, DEB-9615226, DEB-9405933, DEB-9221033, DEB-9100058, DEB-8906869, DEB-8605042, DEB-8206992, DEB-7922197, and by the Center for Tropical Forest Science, the Smithsonian Tropical Forest Research Institute, The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Mellon Foundation and the Celera Foundation. DC is supported by NSF grant DEB-0749097 to L. A. Meyers. SS is supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 46 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 22 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 11 AR e15002 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015002 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 683HW UT WOS:000284467200018 PM 21124927 ER PT J AU Lattanzi, V Thaddeus, P McCarthy, MC Thorwirth, S AF Lattanzi, Valerio Thaddeus, Patrick McCarthy, Michael C. Thorwirth, Sven TI Laboratory detection of protonated SO2 in two isomeric forms SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; MICROWAVE-RADIOFREQUENCY RANGE; DOUBLE-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; GAS-PHASE BASICITIES; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; MILLIMETER-WAVE; LINE SURVEY; 2ND DERIVATIVES AB By means of Fabry-Perot Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy, the rotational spectrum of protonated sulfur dioxide in two distinct isomeric forms, a cis- and a trans-geometry, is reported. The search for both isomers was based on theoretical structures obtained at the CCSD(T)/cc-pwCVQZ level of theory corrected for zero-point vibrational effects. At a similarly high level of theory, the cis-isomer is calculated to be the global minimum on the potential energy surface, but the trans-isomer is predicted to lie only a few kcal/mol higher in energy. A total of seven lines, including a- and b-type transitions, has been observed for both isomers, and precise rotational constants have been derived. Because sulfur dioxide, SO2, is a widespread and very abundant astronomical species, and because it possesses a large proton affinity, HOSO+ is an excellent candidate for radioastronomical detection. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3491510] C1 [Lattanzi, Valerio; Thaddeus, Patrick; McCarthy, Michael C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lattanzi, Valerio; Thaddeus, Patrick; McCarthy, Michael C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Thorwirth, Sven] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Thorwirth, Sven] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Lattanzi, V (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM vlattanzi@cfa.harvard.edu RI Thorwirth, Sven/C-6217-2011; OI Thorwirth, Sven/0000-0001-8200-6710; McCarthy, Michael/0000-0001-9142-0008 FU NSF [CHE-0701204]; NASA [06-APRA206-0070]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [TH1301/3-1] FX The authors thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments, D. L. Kokkin for the software support, and B. H. Pate for the technical advance with the double resonance experiments. The work in Cambridge was supported by NSF Grant No. CHE-0701204 and NASA Grant No. 06-APRA206-0070. S.T. acknowledges support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through Grant No. TH1301/3-1. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 21 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 19 AR 194305 DI 10.1063/1.3491510 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 684KF UT WOS:000284548100013 PM 21090860 ER PT J AU Trilling, DE Fuentes, CI Holman, MJ AF Trilling, D. E. Fuentes, C. I. Holman, M. J. TI THE INCLINATIONS OF FAINT TRANS-NEPTUNIAN OBJECTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Kuiper Belt: general; surveys ID KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ORBITS; SEARCH AB Bernstein et al. found that the population of faint (R > 26) trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) known at that time was dominated by "Classical" objects, which have low inclinations (i < 5 degrees) and distances of 40-45 AU. Since those observations, the number of faint TNOs whose orbits are sufficiently well known to be classified as "Classical" or "Excited" has grown from 7 to 39. We analyze the dynamical classifications of faint TNOs known today and find that this population is dominated by Excited objects. We discuss some implications of this result. C1 [Trilling, D. E.; Fuentes, C. I.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Fuentes, C. I.; Holman, M. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Trilling, DE (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 6010, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM david.trilling@nau.edu RI Fuentes, Cesar /G-7506-2016 FU Hubble Space Telescope award [HST-AR-11778]; NASA [NNX09AE76G] FX We acknowledge support from Hubble Space Telescope award HST-AR-11778 and NASA Planetary Astronomy award NNX09AE76G. We thank Mike Brown, J. J. Kavelaars, and an anonymous referee for useful comments. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 2010 VL 724 IS 1 BP L22 EP L24 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/724/1/L22 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679HM UT WOS:000284152500005 ER PT J AU Nisini, B Giannini, T Neufeld, DA Yuan, YA Antoniucci, S Bergin, EA Melnick, GJ AF Nisini, Brunella Giannini, Teresa Neufeld, David A. Yuan, Yuan Antoniucci, Simone Bergin, Edwin A. Melnick, Gary J. TI SPITZER SPECTRAL LINE MAPPING OF PROTOSTELLAR OUTFLOWS. II. H-2 EMISSION IN L1157 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: jets and outflows; stars: formation ID WARM MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; J-TYPE SHOCKS; CLASS-0 SOURCES; YOUNG STARS; HH 7-11; GAS; SIO; RATIO; JETS; SPECTROSCOPY AB We present an analysis of Spitzer-IRS spectroscopic maps of the L1157 protostellar outflow in the H-2 pure-rotational lines from S(0) to S(7). The aim of this work is to derive the physical conditions pertaining to the warm molecular gas and study their variations within the flow. The mid-IR H-2 emission follows the morphology of the precessing flow, with peaks correlated with individual CO clumps and H-2 2.12 mu m ro-vibrational emission. More diffuse emission delineating the CO cavities is detected only in the low-laying transitions, with J(lower) <= 2. The H-2 line images have been used to construct two-dimensional maps of N(H-2), H-2 ortho-to-para ratio (OPR), and temperature spectral index beta, in the assumption of a gas temperature stratification where the H-2 column density varies as T-beta. Variations of these parameters are observed along the flow. In particular, the OPR ranges from similar to 0.6 to 2.8, highlighting the presence of regions subject to recent shocks where the OPR has not had time yet to reach the equilibrium value. Near-IR spectroscopic data on ro-vibrational H-2 emission have been combined with the mid-IR data and used to derive additional shock parameters in the brightest blueshifted and redshifted emission knots. A high abundance of atomic hydrogen (H/H-2 similar to 0.1-0.3) is implied by the observed H-2 column densities, assuming n(H-2) values as derived by independent SiO observations. The presence of a high fraction of atomic hydrogen indicates that a partially dissociative shock component should be considered for the H-2 excitation in these localized regions. However, planar shock models, either of C-or J-type, are not able to consistently reproduce all the physical parameters derived from our analysis of the H-2 emission. Globally, H-2 emission contributes to about 50% of the total shock radiated energy in the L1157 outflow. We find that the momentum flux through the shocks derived from the radiated luminosity is comparable to the thrust of the associated molecular outflow, supporting the scenario where the latter is driven by the shock working surface. C1 [Nisini, Brunella; Giannini, Teresa; Antoniucci, Simone] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [Neufeld, David A.; Yuan, Yuan] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Bergin, Edwin A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Melnick, Gary J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Nisini, B (reprint author), Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. OI Giannini, Teresa/0000-0002-0224-096X; , Brunella Nisini/0000-0002-9190-0113 FU NASA; ASI [I/016/07/0] FX This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Financial support from contract ASI I/016/07/0 is acknowledged. NR 42 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2010 VL 724 IS 1 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/724/1/69 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678RC UT WOS:000284096900007 ER PT J AU Lada, CJ Lombardi, M Alves, JF AF Lada, Charles J. Lombardi, Marco Alves, Joao F. TI ON THE STAR FORMATION RATES IN MOLECULAR CLOUDS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; ISM: clouds; stars: formation ID FIELD EXTINCTION MAPS; SPITZER C2D SURVEY; GAS TRACERS; PIPE NEBULA; DENSE CORE; DARK CLOUD; X-RAY; GALAXIES; COLD; L1630 AB In this paper, we investigate the level of star formation activity within nearby molecular clouds. We employ a uniform set of infrared extinction maps to provide accurate assessments of cloud mass and structure and compare these with inventories of young stellar objects within the clouds. We present evidence indicating that both the yield and rate of star formation can vary considerably in local clouds, independent of their mass and size. We find that the surface density structure of such clouds appears to be important in controlling both these factors. In particular, we find that the star formation rate (SFR) in molecular clouds is linearly proportional to the cloud mass (M-0.8) above an extinction threshold of A(K) approximate to 0.8 mag, corresponding to a gas surface density threshold of Sigma(gas) approximate to 116M(circle dot) pc(2). We argue that this surface density threshold corresponds to a gas volume density threshold which we estimate to be n(H-2) approximate to 10(4) cm(-3). Specifically, we find SFR (M-circle dot yr(-1)) = 4.6 +/- 2.6 x 10(-8) M-0.8 ( M-circle dot) for the clouds in our sample. This relation between the rate of star formation and the amount of dense gas in molecular clouds appears to be in excellent agreement with previous observations of both galactic and extragalactic star-forming activity. It is likely the underlying physical relationship or empirical law that most directly connects star formation activity with interstellar gas over many spatial scales within and between individual galaxies. These results suggest that the key to obtaining a predictive understanding of the SFRs in molecular clouds and galaxies is to understand those physical factors which give rise to the dense components of these clouds. C1 [Lada, Charles J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lombardi, Marco] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Alves, Joao F.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. RP Lada, CJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM clada@cfa.harvard.edu; mlombard@eso.org; joao.alves@univie.ac.at OI LOMBARDI, MARCO/0000-0002-3336-4965; Alves, Joao/0000-0002-4355-0921 NR 48 TC 251 Z9 251 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2010 VL 724 IS 1 BP 687 EP 693 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/724/1/687 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678RC UT WOS:000284096900059 ER PT J AU Hao, H Elvis, M Civano, F Lanzuisi, G Brusa, M Lusso, E Zamorani, G Comastri, A Bongiorno, A Impey, CD Koekemoer, AM Le Floc'h, E Salvato, M Sanders, D Trump, JR Vignali, C AF Hao, Heng Elvis, Martin Civano, Francesca Lanzuisi, Giorgio Brusa, Marcella Lusso, Elisabeta Zamorani, Gianni Comastri, Andrea Bongiorno, Angela Impey, Chris D. Koekemoer, Anton M. Le Floc'h, Emeric Salvato, Mara Sanders, David Trump, Jonathan R. Vignali, Cristian TI HOT-DUST-POOR TYPE 1 ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN THE COSMOS SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; quasars: general ID WIDE-FIELD SURVEY; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; X-RAY; MULTIWAVELENGTH PROPERTIES; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; 1ST-LOOK SURVEY; DATA RELEASE; BLACK-HOLES; DEEP SURVEY; QUASARS AB We report a sizable class of type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with unusually weak near-infrared (1-3 mu m) emission in the XMM-COSMOS type 1 AGN sample. The fraction of these "hot-dust-poor" AGNs increases with redshift from 6% at lowredshift (z < 2) to 20% at moderate high redshift (2 < z < 3.5). There is no clear trend of the fraction with other parameters: bolometric luminosity, Eddington ratio, black hole mass, and X-ray luminosity. The 3 mu m emission relative to the 1 mu m emission is a factor of 2-4 smaller than the typical Elvis et al. AGN spectral energy distribution (SED), which indicates a "torus" covering factor of 2%-29%, a factor of 3-40 smaller than required by unified models. The weak hot dust emission seems to expose an extension of the accretion disk continuum in some of the source SEDs. We estimate the outer edge of their accretion disks to lie at (0.3-2.0) x 10(4) Schwarzschild radii, similar to 10-23 times the gravitational stability radii. Formation scenarios for these sources are discussed. C1 [Hao, Heng; Elvis, Martin; Civano, Francesca; Lanzuisi, Giorgio] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lanzuisi, Giorgio] INAF IASF Roma, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Brusa, Marcella; Bongiorno, Angela] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Lusso, Elisabeta; Zamorani, Gianni; Comastri, Andrea] INAF Osservatorio Astron Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Impey, Chris D.; Trump, Jonathan R.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Koekemoer, Anton M.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Le Floc'h, Emeric; Sanders, David] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Salvato, Mara] IPP Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Vignali, Cristian] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RP Hao, H (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM hhao@cfa.harvard.edu; elvis@cfa.harvard.edu RI Vignali, Cristian/J-4974-2012; Lanzuisi, Giorgio/K-4378-2013; Comastri, Andrea/O-9543-2015; OI Vignali, Cristian/0000-0002-8853-9611; Lanzuisi, Giorgio/0000-0001-9094-0984; Comastri, Andrea/0000-0003-3451-9970; Bongiorno, Angela/0000-0002-0101-6624; Zamorani, Giovanni/0000-0002-2318-301X; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048; Brusa, Marcella/0000-0002-5059-6848 FU NASA [GO7-8136A, NAS8-39073]; ASI/INAF [I/023/05] FX H.H. thanks Sumin Tang for useful discussions. This work was supported in part by NASA Chandra grant number GO7-8136A (H. H., F. C., and M. E.), and by NASA contract NAS8-39073 (Chandra X-ray Center). In Italy this work is supported by ASI/INAF grants I/023/05. NR 52 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 2010 VL 724 IS 1 BP L59 EP L63 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/724/1/L59 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679HM UT WOS:000284152500013 ER PT J AU Schawinski, K Evans, DA Virani, S Urry, CM Keel, WC Natarajan, P Lintott, CJ Manning, A Coppi, P Kaviraj, S Bamford, SP Jozsa, GIG Garrett, M van Arkel, H Gay, P Fortson, L AF Schawinski, Kevin Evans, Daniel A. Virani, Shanil Urry, C. Megan Keel, William C. Natarajan, Priyamvada Lintott, Chris J. Manning, Anna Coppi, Paolo Kaviraj, Sugata Bamford, Steven P. Jozsa, Gyula I. G. Garrett, Michael van Arkel, Hanny Gay, Pamela Fortson, Lucy TI THE SUDDEN DEATH OF THE NEAREST QUASAR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE quasars: general; quasars: individual (IC 2497) ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; X-RAY BINARIES; HANNYS VOORWERP; TIDAL DISRUPTION; GRS 1915+105; GALAXY ZOO; IC 2497; MODEL; CONNECTION AB Galaxy formation is significantly modulated by energy output from supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies which grow in highly efficient luminous quasar phases. The timescale on which black holes transition into and out of such phases is, however, unknown. We present the first measurement of the shutdown timescale for an individual quasar using X-ray observations of the nearby galaxy IC 2497, which hosted a luminous quasar no more than 70,000 years ago that is still seen as a light echo in "Hanny's Voorwerp," but whose present-day radiative output is lower by at least two, and more likely by over four, orders of magnitude. This extremely rapid shutdown provides new insight into the physics of accretion in supermassive black holes and may signal a transition of the accretion disk to a radiatively inefficient state. C1 [Schawinski, Kevin; Virani, Shanil; Urry, C. Megan; Natarajan, Priyamvada; Coppi, Paolo] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Schawinski, Kevin; Virani, Shanil; Urry, C. Megan; Natarajan, Priyamvada; Coppi, Paolo] Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Evans, Daniel A.] Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Evans, Daniel A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Evans, Daniel A.] Elon Univ, Elon, NC 27244 USA. [Virani, Shanil; Urry, C. Megan; Natarajan, Priyamvada; Coppi, Paolo] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Keel, William C.; Manning, Anna] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Lintott, Chris J.; Kaviraj, Sugata] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Lintott, Chris J.] Adler Planetarium, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Kaviraj, Sugata] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Bamford, Steven P.] Univ Nottingham, Ctr Astron & Particle Theory, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Jozsa, Gyula I. G.; Garrett, Michael; van Arkel, Hanny] Netherlands Inst Radio Astron, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Jozsa, Gyula I. G.] Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Garrett, Michael] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Garrett, Michael] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Gay, Pamela] So Illinois Univ, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. [Fortson, Lucy] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Schawinski, K (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM kevin.schawinski@yale.edu RI Urry, Claudia/G-7381-2011; Bamford, Steven/E-8702-2010; OI Urry, Claudia/0000-0002-0745-9792; Bamford, Steven/0000-0001-7821-7195; Schawinski, Kevin/0000-0001-5464-0888 FU NASA [NNX09AR22G, NXX09AV69G, PF9-00069, NAS8-03060]; Leverhulme Trust; STFC FX We thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments. This work is based on observations with the XMM-Newton and Suzaku X-ray satellites and the WIYN observatory, and was supported by NASA grants NNX09AR22G and NXX09AV69G. Support for the work of K. S. was provided by NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship grant number PF9-00069 issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of NASA under contract NAS8-03060. P.N. acknowledges the award of a Guggenheim fellowship. C.J.L. acknowledges support from The Leverhulme Trust and a STFC Science and Society Fellowship. We thank Charles Bailyn, Chris Done, and Phil Hopkins for discussions and suggestions. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 2010 VL 724 IS 1 BP L30 EP L33 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/724/1/L30 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679HM UT WOS:000284152500007 ER PT J AU Irwin, RP Watters, TR AF Irwin, Rossman P., III Watters, Thomas R. TI Geology of the Martian crustal dichotomy boundary: Age, modifications, and implications for modeling efforts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR; ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; LOBATE DEBRIS APRONS; IMPACT CRATERS; HEMISPHERIC DICHOTOMY; EARLY DIFFERENTIATION; VALLEY NETWORKS; FRETTED TERRAIN; NORTHERN LOWLANDS; EVOLUTION AB The contrast in crustal thickness, surface age, elevation, and morphology between the southern cratered highlands and northern lowland plains of Mars is termed the crustal dichotomy. The oldest exposed sections of the crustal dichotomy boundary are ancient cratered slopes, which influenced post-Noachian fresh crater morphometry, Late Noachian valley network planform, and the degradation patterns of Middle to Late Noachian (similar to 3.92-3.7 Ga) impact craters. Noachian visible and topographically defined impact craters at the top of the cratered slope show no evidence of flexure-induced normal faulting. These observations and published geophysical data collectively require an Early to Pre-Noachian age for the crustal dichotomy, prior to the largest recognized impact basins. Late Noachian plateau deposits and more prolonged Tharsis volcanism appear to have buried parts of the old cratered slope, and fretted terrain developed in this transition zone during the Early Hesperian Epoch (similar to 3.7-3.6 Ga). Fretted/knobby terrains, lowland plains, and most visible structures (wrinkle ridges, fractures, and normal faults) postdate Noachian crater modification and are several hundred million years younger than the cratered slope of the crustal dichotomy, so they provide no valid basis or constraint for models of its formation. Long-wavelength topography in cratered terrain dates to Early to Pre-Noachian time and provides a useful model constraint. Geological and geophysical observations are thus reconciled around an early age and relatively rapid development of the Martian crustal dichotomy. C1 [Irwin, Rossman P., III] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Irwin, Rossman P., III] NASA, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Watters, Thomas R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Irwin, RP (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. EM Irwin@psi.edu FU Mars Data Analysis Program FX This study was supported by a Mars Data Analysis Program grant to T. R. Watters. We thank Debra Buczkowski for helpful comments. NR 149 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 20 PY 2010 VL 115 AR E11006 DI 10.1029/2010JE003658 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 683OZ UT WOS:000284486400003 ER PT J AU Chuchem, M Smith-Mannschott, K Hiller, M Kottos, T Vardi, A Cohen, D AF Chuchem, Maya Smith-Mannschott, Katrina Hiller, Moritz Kottos, Tsampikos Vardi, Amichay Cohen, Doron TI Quantum dynamics in the bosonic Josephson junction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; PHASE DIFFUSION; GASES; ATOMS; REPRESENTATION; FIELD AB We employ a semiclassical picture to study dynamics in a bosonic Josephson junction with various initial conditions. Phase diffusion of coherent preparations in the Josephson regime is shown to depend on the initial relative phase between the two condensates. For initially incoherent condensates, we find a universal value for the buildup of coherence in the Josephson regime. In addition, we contrast two seemingly similar on-separatrix coherent preparations, finding striking differences in their convergence to classicality as the number of particles increases. C1 [Chuchem, Maya; Cohen, Doron] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Smith-Mannschott, Katrina; Kottos, Tsampikos] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Smith-Mannschott, Katrina] MPI Dynam & Self Org, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. [Hiller, Moritz] Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Vardi, Amichay] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Vardi, Amichay] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Chuchem, M (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Phys, POB 653, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RI Vardi, Amichay/D-8189-2011; Cohen, Doron/D-4564-2009 OI Vardi, Amichay/0000-0002-8992-2129; Cohen, Doron/0000-0002-3835-3544 FU USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation [2006021, 2008141]; Israel Science Foundation [582/07]; National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics observatory; DFG [Forschergruppe 760] FX We thank Issac Israel for preparing a convenient code for the classical simulations during his visit in BGU. D.C. and T.K. acknowledge support from the USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation (Grant No. 2006021). A.V. acknowledges support from the Israel Science Foundation (Grant No. 582/07), the USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation (Grant No. 2008141), and the National Science Foundation through a grant for the Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics at Harvard University and the Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics observatory. K.S.M., M.H., and T.K. acknowledge support of the DFG within the Forschergruppe 760. NR 55 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 17 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 5 AR 053617 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.053617 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 681IR UT WOS:000284305700005 ER PT J AU Stanwix, PL Pham, LM Maze, JR Le Sage, D Yeung, TK Cappellaro, P Hemmer, PR Yacoby, A Lukin, MD Walsworth, RL AF Stanwix, P. L. Pham, L. M. Maze, J. R. Le Sage, D. Yeung, T. K. Cappellaro, P. Hemmer, P. R. Yacoby, A. Lukin, M. D. Walsworth, R. L. TI Coherence of nitrogen-vacancy electronic spin ensembles in diamond SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE SPINS; DYNAMICS; QUBITS; STATE AB We present an experimental and theoretical study of electronic spin decoherence in ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in bulk high-purity diamond at room temperature. Under appropriate conditions, we find ensemble NV spin coherence times (T(2)) comparable to that of single NV with T(2) > 600 mu s for a sample with natural abundance of (13)C and paramagnetic impurity density similar to 10(15) cm(-3). We also observe a sharp decrease in the coherence time with misalignment of the static magnetic field relative to the NV electronic spin axis, consistent with theoretical modeling of NV coupling to a (13)C nuclear-spin bath. The long coherence times and increased signal-to-noise provided by room-temperature NV ensembles will aid many applications of NV centers in precision magnetometry and quantum information. C1 [Stanwix, P. L.; Le Sage, D.; Walsworth, R. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stanwix, P. L.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Pham, L. M.; Yeung, T. K.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Maze, J. R.; Yacoby, A.; Lukin, M. D.; Walsworth, R. L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Maze, J. R.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Cappellaro, P.] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hemmer, P. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Stanwix, PL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rwalsworth@cfa.harvard.edu RI Stanwix, Paul/A-5280-2009; Cappellaro, Paola/B-1413-2010; OI Stanwix, Paul/0000-0002-7069-8569; Cappellaro, Paola/0000-0003-3207-594X; Le Sage, David/0000-0003-1678-9491 FU NIST; NSF; DARPA FX This work was supported by NIST, NSF, and DARPA. We gratefully acknowledge the provision of diamond samples by Apollo Diamond and technical discussions with Patrick Doering and David Glenn. NR 27 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 5 U2 50 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 17 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 20 AR 201201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.201201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 681IY UT WOS:000284306400002 ER PT J AU Furth, DG Zhaurova, KM AF Furth, David G. Zhaurova, Kira M. TI Two new flea beetle genera: Alasia alpina gen. et sp. nov. from a Costa Rican cloud forest and Pseudostenophyma gen. nov. from Brazil (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE ALAS Project; flea beetle; host plants; Melastomataceae; Gunneraceae; Gentianaceae AB Alasia alpina is described as a new genus and species from high altitude cloud forests in Heredia, Costa Rica. Morphologically it is distinctive by its overall smooth shiny surface, dark-brown to black coloration, elongate body form; very long antennae, long, slender femora, broadly triangular, subconcave frons with shagreened surface, elytra weakly striate, and structure of the genitalia and metafemoral spring. It apparently prefers Melastomataceae host plants in the forest understory. It is most similar to Pseudostenophyma modesta com. nov. from which it differs in morphology, color, size, altitude of occurrence, and habitat. Stenophyma elegans Baly (type species) was discovered not to be congeneric with the other species in that genus S. modesta Weise, resulting in Pseudostenophyma being established as a new generic name for this taxon (P. modesta). C1 [Furth, David G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Zhaurova, Kira M.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Furth, DG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM furthd@si.edu; kira.zhaurova@aphis.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [NSF DEB-0072702: 2000-2005] FX Field work for the senior author was part of Project ALAS supported by the National Science Foundation grant number NSF DEB-0072702: 2000-2005 to R. Colwell and J. Longino. We thank Jack Longino (Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA) and the Costa Rican ALAS Project staff for help in the field as well as collecting and preparing some of the specimens. We thank Kenji Nishida (University of Costa Rica) for help collecting some specimens and for the photos of live specimens of A. alpina and for observations documenting its host plants. We are grateful to Scott D. Whittaker (SEM Manager, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C.) for help with the SEM work, to Karie Darrow (Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C.) and Lucrecia Rodriguez (Systematic Entomology Lab, USDA, Washington, D. C.) for help with the digital photos, and to Alexander Konstantinov (SEL, USDA, Washington, D. C.) for access to collections. We also thank Bert Viklund (Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm) for the loan of types of Stenophyma modesta Weise, Sharon Shute (The Natural History Museum, London) for the loan of the type of Stenophyma elegans Baly, Angel Solis (Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, San Jose, INBio) for the loan of specimens, and Vilma Savini (Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola, Maracay, MIZA) for comments about the taxa. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD NOV 17 PY 2010 IS 2679 BP 32 EP 50 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 681CL UT WOS:000284284600002 ER PT J AU Kennedy, EV Holderied, MW Mair, JM Guzman, HM Simpson, SD AF Kennedy, E. V. Holderied, M. W. Mair, J. M. Guzman, H. M. Simpson, S. D. TI Spatial patterns in reef-generated noise relate to habitats and communities: Evidence from a Panamanian case study SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coral Reefs; Reef noise; Community structure; Acoustics; Las Perlas Archipelago; Panama ID CORAL-REEF; SOUND PRODUCTION; OLFACTORY ABILITIES; SNAPPING SHRIMP; PELAGIC LARVAE; PACIFIC PANAMA; FISHES; POMACENTRIDAE; DAMSELFISH; SETTLEMENT AB Noise generated by a reef community provides a valuable orientation cue for reef fish; both for larvae as they recruit to reefs, and for adults and juveniles during nocturnal movements. However, the nature of the information conveyed in reef noise is as yet unknown. In this study, the characteristics of daytime acoustic recordings from patch and fringing reefs in the Las Perlas Archipelago, Pacific Panama were compared. Recordings of ambient noise made during the day showed coral reef communities produced acoustic profiles that varied spatially across the Archipelago. At eleven reef sites in the north of the Archipelago, data were also collected on fish and benthic communities using standard visual survey techniques. These data, along with existing survey data from 40 reef sites, were compared with short-term (2 minute) acoustic profiles to explore associations between point sampled acoustic and census data. Using a correlation matrix, the best predictors of acoustic characteristics were identified from a range of factors, including fish density and biomass, coral and fish diversity, coral and algal cover, reef depth and sea state. Multiple regression GLMs highlighted the importance of fish density and diversity on noise below 1 kHz, and coral and benthic diversity on noise above 1 kHz. A positive correlation was also found between coral cover and daytime noise intensity across the entire Archipelago, suggesting potential in the future development of passive acoustics as a method for rapid ecological assessment or for long-term monitoring of reefs. These findings demonstrate the richness of information available to reef fishes, and make the case for further studies that explore the relationships between habitat and community characteristics with temporal and spatial variation in reef noise. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kennedy, E. V.; Mair, J. M.] Heriot Watt Univ, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Biotechnol, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Holderied, M. W.; Simpson, S. D.] Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol BS8 1UG, Avon, England. [Guzman, H. M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Kennedy, EV (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Prince Wales Rd, Exeter EX4 4PS, Devon, England. EM e.kennedy@exeter.ac.uk; marc.holderied@bristol.ac.uk; j.m.mair@hw.ac.uk; guzmanh@si.edu; stephen.simpson@bristol.ac.uk RI Holderied, Marc/M-9382-2013; Kennedy, Emma/M-3193-2014; OI Holderied, Marc/0000-0002-1573-7908; Kennedy, Emma/0000-0003-1821-9740; Simpson, Stephen/0000-0002-4856-6164 FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/B501720]; Darwin Initiative, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Heriot-Watt University FX We thank the Government of Panama for providing the permission for our research in Panama. We thank C. Guevara, I. Campbell and A. Lam for field support: R. Specht, H. Goerlitz and M. Priest for their support with the acoustic analysis, and A. Heenan, R. van Woesik, I. Nagelkerken and three anonymous reviewers for valuable feedback on the manuscript. This work was supported by a Natural Environment Research Council MTG studentship (EVK), a Natural Environment Research Council Postdoctorate Research Fellowship (SDS - grant number NE/B501720), and Darwin Initiative, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and Heriot-Watt University funding (to JMM and HMG). [RH] NR 52 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 395 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.08.017 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 683YF UT WOS:000284513500011 ER PT J AU Eakin, CM Morgan, JA Heron, SF Smith, TB Liu, G Alvarez-Filip, L Baca, B Bartels, E Bastidas, C Bouchon, C Brandt, M Bruckner, AW Bunkley-Williams, L Cameron, A Causey, BD Chiappone, M Christensen, TRL Crabbe, MJC Day, O de la Guardia, E Diaz-Pulido, G DiResta, D Gil-Agudelo, DL Gilliam, DS Ginsburg, RN Gore, S Guzman, HM Hendee, JC Hernandez-Delgado, EA Husain, E Jeffrey, CFG Jones, RJ Jordan-Dahlgren, E Kaufman, LS Kline, DI Kramer, PA Lang, JC Lirman, D Mallela, J Manfrino, C Marechal, JP Marks, K Mihaly, J Miller, WJ Mueller, EM Muller, EM Toro, CAO Oxenford, HA Ponce-Taylor, D Quinn, N Ritchie, KB Rodriguez, S Ramirez, AR Romano, S Samhouri, JF Sanchez, JA Schmahl, GP Shank, BV Skirving, WJ Steiner, SCC Villamizar, E Walsh, SM Walter, C Weil, E Williams, EH Roberson, KW Yusuf, Y AF Eakin, C. Mark Morgan, Jessica A. Heron, Scott F. Smith, Tyler B. Liu, Gang Alvarez-Filip, Lorenzo Baca, Bart Bartels, Erich Bastidas, Carolina Bouchon, Claude Brandt, Marilyn Bruckner, Andrew W. Bunkley-Williams, Lucy Cameron, Andrew Causey, Billy D. Chiappone, Mark Christensen, Tyler R. L. Crabbe, M. James C. Day, Owen de la Guardia, Elena Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo DiResta, Daniel Gil-Agudelo, Diego L. Gilliam, David S. Ginsburg, Robert N. Gore, Shannon Guzman, Hector M. Hendee, James C. Hernandez-Delgado, Edwin A. Husain, Ellen Jeffrey, Christopher F. G. Jones, Ross J. Jordan-Dahlgren, Eric Kaufman, Les S. Kline, David I. Kramer, Philip A. Lang, Judith C. Lirman, Diego Mallela, Jennie Manfrino, Carrie Marechal, Jean-Philippe Marks, Ken Mihaly, Jennifer Miller, W. Jeff Mueller, Erich M. Muller, Erinn M. Orozco Toro, Carlos A. Oxenford, Hazel A. Ponce-Taylor, Daniel Quinn, Norman Ritchie, Kim B. Rodriguez, Sebastian Rodriguez Ramirez, Alberto Romano, Sandra Samhouri, Jameal F. Sanchez, Juan A. Schmahl, George P. Shank, Burton V. Skirving, William J. Steiner, Sascha C. C. Villamizar, Estrella Walsh, Sheila M. Walter, Cory Weil, Ernesto Williams, Ernest H. Roberson, Kimberly Woody Yusuf, Yusri TI Caribbean Corals in Crisis: Record Thermal Stress, Bleaching, and Mortality in 2005 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID US VIRGIN-ISLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; REEF; EVENT; TEMPERATURE; HURRICANES; SEVERITY; DISEASES AB Background: The rising temperature of the world's oceans has become a major threat to coral reefs globally as the severity and frequency of mass coral bleaching and mortality events increase. In 2005, high ocean temperatures in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean resulted in the most severe bleaching event ever recorded in the basin. Methodology/Principal Findings: Satellite-based tools provided warnings for coral reef managers and scientists, guiding both the timing and location of researchers' field observations as anomalously warm conditions developed and spread across the greater Caribbean region from June to October 2005. Field surveys of bleaching and mortality exceeded prior efforts in detail and extent, and provided a new standard for documenting the effects of bleaching and for testing nowcast and forecast products. Collaborators from 22 countries undertook the most comprehensive documentation of basin-scale bleaching to date and found that over 80% of corals bleached and over 40% died at many sites. The most severe bleaching coincided with waters nearest a western Atlantic warm pool that was centered off the northern end of the Lesser Antilles. Conclusions/Significance: Thermal stress during the 2005 event exceeded any observed from the Caribbean in the prior 20 years, and regionally-averaged temperatures were the warmest in over 150 years. Comparison of satellite data against field surveys demonstrated a significant predictive relationship between accumulated heat stress (measured using NOAA Coral Reef Watch's Degree Heating Weeks) and bleaching intensity. This severe, widespread bleaching and mortality will undoubtedly have long-term consequences for reef ecosystems and suggests a troubled future for tropical marine ecosystems under a warming climate. C1 [Eakin, C. Mark; Jeffrey, Christopher F. G.; Roberson, Kimberly Woody] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Morgan, Jessica A.; Liu, Gang; Christensen, Tyler R. L.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, IM Syst Grp, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Heron, Scott F.; Skirving, William J.] ReefSense Pty Ltd, NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Smith, Tyler B.; Brandt, Marilyn; Romano, Sandra] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI USA. [Alvarez-Filip, Lorenzo] Parque Nacl Arrecifes Cozumel, Cozumel, Mexico. [Alvarez-Filip, Lorenzo] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Baca, Bart] CSA S Inc, Dania, FL USA. [Bartels, Erich; Ritchie, Kim B.; Walter, Cory] Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Coral Reef Res, Summerland Key, FL USA. [Bastidas, Carolina; Rodriguez, Sebastian] Univ Simon Bolivar, Inst Tecnol & Ciencias Marinas, Caracas, Venezuela. [Bouchon, Claude] Univ Antilles Guyane, Biol Marine Lab, Pointe A Pitre, Guadeloupe. [Bruckner, Andrew W.] Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Fdn, Landover, MD USA. [Bunkley-Williams, Lucy; Weil, Ernesto; Williams, Ernest H.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Cameron, Andrew; Ponce-Taylor, Daniel] Global Vis Int & Amigos Sian Kaan Asociac Civil, Playa Del Carmen, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Causey, Billy D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Key West, FL USA. [Chiappone, Mark] Univ N Carolina Wilmington, Ctr Marine Sci, Key Largo, FL USA. [Crabbe, M. James C.] Univ Bedfordshire, Luton Inst Res Appl Nat Sci, Luton, Beds, England. [Day, Owen] Buccoo Reef Trust, Carnbee, Trinid & Tobago. [de la Guardia, Elena] Univ La Habana, Ctr Invest Marinas, Havana, Cuba. [Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo] Univ Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia. [Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo] Griffith Univ, Griffith Sch Environm, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. [Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. [DiResta, Daniel] Univ Miami, Marine & Atmospher Sci Program, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Gil-Agudelo, Diego L.; Rodriguez Ramirez, Alberto] Inst Invest Marinas & Costeras INVEMAR, Santa Marta, Colombia. [Gilliam, David S.] Nova SE Univ, Natl Coral Reef Inst, Dania, FL USA. [Ginsburg, Robert N.; Lirman, Diego] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Virginia Key, FL USA. [Guzman, Hector M.; Kline, David I.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Hendee, James C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hernandez-Delgado, Edwin A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Ctr Appl Trop Ecol & Conservat, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Husain, Ellen] Univ Exeter, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Exeter, Devon, England. [Jones, Ross J.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges, Bermuda. [Jordan-Dahlgren, Eric] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Kaufman, Les S.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kline, David I.] Univ Queensland, Global Change Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Kramer, Philip A.] Nature Conservancy, Sugarloaf Key, FL USA. [Lang, Judith C.; Marks, Ken] Ocean Res & Educ Fdn Inc, Coral Gables, FL USA. [Mallela, Jennie] Univ W Indies, Dept Life Sci, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. [Mallela, Jennie] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Manfrino, Carrie] Cent Caribbean Marine Inst, Union, NJ USA. [Manfrino, Carrie] Kean Univ, Union, NJ USA. [Marechal, Jean-Philippe] Observ Milieu Marin Martiniquais, Fort De France, Martinique. [Mihaly, Jennifer] Reef Check, Pacific Palisades, CA USA. [Miller, W. Jeff] S Florida Caribbean Network, St John, VI USA. [Mueller, Erich M.] Perry Inst Marine Sci, Jupiter, FL USA. [Muller, Erinn M.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Orozco Toro, Carlos A.] Corp Desarrollo Sostenible Archipielago San Andre, San Andres Isla, Colombia. [Oxenford, Hazel A.] Univ W Indies, Ctr Resource Management & Environm Studies, Cave Hill, Barbados. [Quinn, Norman] Dept Planning & Nat Resources, Christiansted, VI USA. [Samhouri, Jameal F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Sanchez, Juan A.] Univ Los Andes, Dept Ciencias Biol, Bogota, Colombia. [Schmahl, George P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Galveston, TX USA. [Shank, Burton V.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Steiner, Sascha C. C.] Inst Trop Marine Ecol Inc, Roseau, Dominica. [Villamizar, Estrella] Cent Univ Venezuela, Inst Zool Trop, Caracas, Venezuela. [Walsh, Sheila M.] Brown Univ, Environm Change Initiat, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Yusuf, Yusri] Univ Malaysia Terengganu, Inst Oceanog, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. [Yusuf, Yusri] Univ Malaysia Terengganu, ReefBase, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. RP Eakin, CM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM coralreefwatch@noaa.gov RI Christensen, Tyler/E-7922-2011; Skirving, William/E-7927-2011; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; Alvarez-Filip, Lorenzo/C-9552-2011; Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo/B-3648-2013; Manfrino, Carrie /F-7588-2013; Hendee, James/E-6358-2010; Rinaldi2, Carlos/D-4479-2011; Liu, Gang/E-7921-2011; Morgan, Jessica/E-7926-2011; kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010; Jones, Ross/N-4651-2013; OI Skirving, William/0000-0003-0167-6427; Alvarez-Filip, Lorenzo/0000-0002-5726-7238; Hendee, James/0000-0002-4799-5354; Liu, Gang/0000-0001-8369-6805; Jones, Ross/0000-0003-1661-4149; Manfrino, Carrie/0000-0002-3129-9629; Mallela, Jennie/0000-0002-7811-6850 FU NOAA FX This work was partially supported by salaries from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program to the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program authors. NOAA provided funding to Caribbean ReefCheck investigators to undertake surveys of bleaching and mortality. Otherwise, no funding from outside authors' institutions was necessary for the undertaking of this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 136 Z9 143 U1 13 U2 140 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 11 AR e13969 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0013969 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 680KW UT WOS:000284231800007 PM 21125021 ER PT J AU Tscherbul, TV Dalgarno, A AF Tscherbul, T. V. Dalgarno, A. TI Quantum theory of molecular collisions in a magnetic field: Efficient calculations based on the total angular momentum representation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED STATES APPROXIMATION; SCATTERING; CHEMISTRY AB An efficient method is presented for rigorous quantum calculations of atom-molecule and molecule-molecule collisions in a magnetic field. The method is based on the expansion of the wave function of the collision complex in basis functions with well-defined total angular momentum in the body-fixed coordinate frame. We outline the general theory of the method for collisions of diatomic molecules in the (2)Sigma and (3)Sigma electronic states with structureless atoms and with unlike (2)Sigma and (3)Sigma molecules. The cross sections for elastic scattering and Zeeman relaxation in low-temperature collisions of CaH ((2)Sigma(+)) and NH ((3)Sigma(-)) molecules with He-3 atoms converge quickly with respect to the number of total angular momentum states included in the basis set, leading to a dramatic (> 10-fold) enhancement in computational efficiency compared to the previously used methods [A. Volpi and J. L. Bohn, Phys. Rev. A 65, 052712 (2002); R. V. Krems and A. Dalgarno, J. Chem. Phys. 120, 2296 (2004)]. Our approach is thus well suited for theoretical studies of strongly anisotropic molecular collisions in the presence of external electromagnetic fields. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3503500] C1 [Tscherbul, T. V.] Harvard MIT Ctr Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Tscherbul, TV (reprint author), Harvard MIT Ctr Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM tshcherb@cfa.harvard.edu RI Tscherbul, Timur/K-3286-2014 OI Tscherbul, Timur/0000-0001-5689-040X FU Chemical Science, Geoscience, and Bioscience Division of the Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; NSF; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory FX We thank Y. V. Suleimanov for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the Chemical Science, Geoscience, and Bioscience Division of the Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy and NSF grants to the Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms and the Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics at Harvard University and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 14 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 18 AR 184104 DI 10.1063/1.3503500 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 679OM UT WOS:000284170700004 PM 21073210 ER PT J AU Bray, VJ Tornabene, LL Keszthelyi, LP McEwen, AS Hawke, BR Giguere, TA Kattenhorn, SA Garry, WB Rizk, B Caudill, CM Gaddis, LR van der Bogert, CH AF Bray, V. J. Tornabene, L. L. Keszthelyi, L. P. McEwen, A. S. Hawke, B. R. Giguere, T. A. Kattenhorn, S. A. Garry, W. B. Rizk, B. Caudill, C. M. Gaddis, L. R. van der Bogert, C. H. TI New insight into lunar impact melt mobility from the LRO camera SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMPLACEMENT; INFLATION; GULLIES; HAWAII; FLOWS; LAVA AB The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) is systematically imaging impact melt deposits in and around lunar craters at meter and sub-meter scales. These images reveal that lunar impact melts, although morphologically similar to terrestrial lava flows of similar size, exhibit distinctive features (e.g., erosional channels). Although generated in a single rapid event, the post-impact mobility and morphology of lunar impact melts is surprisingly complex. We present evidence for multi-stage influx of impact melt into flow lobes and crater floor ponds. Our volume and cooling time estimates for the post-emplacement melt movements noted in LROC images suggest that new flows can emerge from melt ponds an extended time period after the impact event. Citation: Bray, V. J., et al. (2010), New insight into lunar impact melt mobility from the LRO camera, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21202, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044666. C1 [Bray, V. J.; Tornabene, L. L.; McEwen, A. S.; Rizk, B.; Caudill, C. M.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Keszthelyi, L. P.; Gaddis, L. R.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hawke, B. R.; Giguere, T. A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kattenhorn, S. A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Garry, W. B.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [van der Bogert, C. H.] Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RP Bray, VJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM vjbray@lpl.arizona.edu RI Garry, Brent/I-5920-2013 FU LRO Project FX We gratefully acknowledge the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera Team for discussions prior to and during the preparation of this manuscript. We thank Tracy K. P. Gregg and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This work was supported by the LRO Project. NR 17 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 13 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L21202 DI 10.1029/2010GL044666 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 680FQ UT WOS:000284218200001 ER PT J AU Hoorn, C Wesselingh, FP ter Steege, H Bermudez, MA Mora, A Sevink, J Sanmartin, I Sanchez-Meseguer, A Anderson, CL Figueiredo, JP Jaramillo, C Riff, D Negri, FR Hooghiemstra, H Lundberg, J Stadler, T Sarkinen, T Antonelli, A AF Hoorn, C. Wesselingh, F. P. ter Steege, H. Bermudez, M. A. Mora, A. Sevink, J. Sanmartin, I. Sanchez-Meseguer, A. Anderson, C. L. Figueiredo, J. P. Jaramillo, C. Riff, D. Negri, F. R. Hooghiemstra, H. Lundberg, J. Stadler, T. Saerkinen, T. Antonelli, A. TI Amazonia Through Time: Andean Uplift, Climate Change, Landscape Evolution, and Biodiversity SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID AMERICAN BIOTIC INTERCHANGE; LATE MIOCENE ONSET; RAIN-FOREST TREES; SEA FAN EVIDENCE; MARINE INCURSIONS; SOUTH-AMERICA; RAPID DIVERSIFICATION; NEOTROPICAL FISHES; WESTERN AMAZONIA; RIVER AB The Amazonian rainforest is arguably the most species-rich terrestrial ecosystem in the world, yet the timing of the origin and evolutionary causes of this diversity are a matter of debate. We review the geologic and phylogenetic evidence from Amazonia and compare it with uplift records from the Andes. This uplift and its effect on regional climate fundamentally changed the Amazonian landscape by reconfiguring drainage patterns and creating a vast influx of sediments into the basin. On this "Andean" substrate, a region-wide edaphic mosaic developed that became extremely rich in species, particularly in Western Amazonia. We show that Andean uplift was crucial for the evolution of Amazonian landscapes and ecosystems, and that current biodiversity patterns are rooted deep in the pre-Quaternary. C1 [Hoorn, C.; Sevink, J.; Hooghiemstra, H.] Univ Amsterdam, IBED, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Wesselingh, F. P.] Nederlands Ctr Biodiversiteit Nat, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [ter Steege, H.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Inst Environm Biol, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. [Bermudez, M. A.] Cent Univ Venezuela, Fac Ingn, Escuela Geol Minas & Geofis, Labs Termocronol & Geomatemat, Caracas, Venezuela. [Mora, A.] Inst Colombiano Petroleo, ECOPETROL, Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia. [Sanmartin, I.; Sanchez-Meseguer, A.; Anderson, C. L.] CSIC, E-28014 Madrid, Spain. [Figueiredo, J. P.] Petroleo Brasileiro SA Petrobras, BR-20031170 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Jaramillo, C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Riff, D.] Univ Fed Uberlandia, Inst Biol, BR-38400902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. [Negri, F. R.] Univ Fed Acre, Lab Paleontol, BR-69980000 Acre, AC, Brazil. [Lundberg, J.] Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Dept Ichthyol, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. [Stadler, T.] ETH, Inst Integrat Biol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Saerkinen, T.] Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford OX1 3RB, England. [Antonelli, A.] Univ Zurich, Inst Systemat Bot, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Hoorn, C (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, IBED, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM carina.hoorn@milne.cc; alexandre.antonelli@vgregion.se RI Riff, Douglas/B-5183-2012; ter Steege, Amaz/B-5866-2011; Stadler, Tanja/J-4742-2013; Sanmartin, Isabel/G-3131-2015; Antonelli, Alexandre/A-5353-2011 OI Riff, Douglas/0000-0003-0805-2828; ter Steege, Amaz/0000-0002-8738-2659; Stadler, Tanja/0000-0001-6431-535X; Sanmartin, Isabel/0000-0001-6104-9658; Antonelli, Alexandre/0000-0003-1842-9297 FU Osk. Huttunen Foundation; Ella and Georg Ehrnrooth Fund; Helsingin Sanomain Saatio; Academy of Sciences of Finland FX We thank all colleagues who shared their data; M. F. Tognelli for mammal richness data; and B. P. Kohn, M. Bernet, P. van der Beek, R. T. Pennington, S. B. Kroonenberg, B. Bookhagen, C. Uba, and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. Supported by the Osk. Huttunen Foundation, the Ella and Georg Ehrnrooth Fund, and the Helsingin Sanomain Saatio (T.S.) and by the Academy of Sciences of Finland (F.P.W.). NR 68 TC 520 Z9 542 U1 35 U2 338 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 12 PY 2010 VL 330 IS 6006 BP 927 EP 931 DI 10.1126/science.1194585 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 678XY UT WOS:000284118000031 PM 21071659 ER PT J AU Jaramillo, C Ochoa, D Contreras, L Pagani, M Carvajal-Ortiz, H Pratt, LM Krishnan, S Cardona, A Romero, M Quiroz, L Rodriguez, G Rueda, MJ de la Parra, F Moron, S Green, W Bayona, G Montes, C Quintero, O Ramirez, R Mora, G Schouten, S Bermudez, H Navarrete, R Parra, F Alvaran, M Osorno, J Crowley, JL Valencia, V Vervoort, J AF Jaramillo, Carlos Ochoa, Diana Contreras, Lineth Pagani, Mark Carvajal-Ortiz, Humberto Pratt, Lisa M. Krishnan, Srinath Cardona, Agustin Romero, Millerlandy Quiroz, Luis Rodriguez, Guillermo Rueda, Milton J. de la Parra, Felipe Moron, Sara Green, Walton Bayona, German Montes, Camilo Quintero, Oscar Ramirez, Rafael Mora, German Schouten, Stefan Bermudez, Hermann Navarrete, Rosa Parra, Francisco Alvaran, Mauricio Osorno, Jose Crowley, James L. Valencia, Victor Vervoort, Jeff TI Effects of Rapid Global Warming at the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary on Neotropical Vegetation SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THERMAL MAXIMUM; CERREJON FORMATION; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; DISCRIMINATION; COLOMBIA; CANOPY; FOREST; TREE; CO2 AB Temperatures in tropical regions are estimated to have increased by 3 degrees to 5 degrees C, compared with Late Paleocene values, during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, 56.3 million years ago) event. We investigated the tropical forest response to this rapid warming by evaluating the palynological record of three stratigraphic sections in eastern Colombia and western Venezuela. We observed a rapid and distinct increase in plant diversity and origination rates, with a set of new taxa, mostly angiosperms, added to the existing stock of low-diversity Paleocene flora. There is no evidence for enhanced aridity in the northern Neotropics. The tropical rainforest was able to persist under elevated temperatures and high levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, in contrast to speculations that tropical ecosystems were severely compromised by heat stress. C1 [Jaramillo, Carlos; Ochoa, Diana; Contreras, Lineth; Carvajal-Ortiz, Humberto; Cardona, Agustin; Romero, Millerlandy; Quiroz, Luis; Moron, Sara; Green, Walton; Bayona, German; Montes, Camilo] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Ochoa, Diana] E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [Contreras, Lineth; Rodriguez, Guillermo; Rueda, Milton J.; de la Parra, Felipe] Colombian Petr Inst, Bucaramanga, Colombia. [Contreras, Lineth] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosci, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Pagani, Mark; Krishnan, Srinath] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Carvajal-Ortiz, Humberto; Pratt, Lisa M.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Quiroz, Luis] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Rodriguez, Guillermo] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Rueda, Milton J.] Paleoflora Ltd, Zapatoca, Colombia. [Moron, Sara] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Bayona, German; Montes, Camilo] Corp Geol Ares, Bogota, Colombia. [Quintero, Oscar] Petroleos Venezuela SA PDVSA Explorac, Nucleoteca Concepc, Maracaibo, Venezuela. [Mora, German] Goucher Coll, Baltimore, MD 21204 USA. [Schouten, Stefan] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res NIOZ, Dept Marine Organ Biogeochem, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. [Bermudez, Hermann; Alvaran, Mauricio] Univ Caldas, Dept Geol Sci, Manizales, Colombia. [Parra, Francisco] Univ Toulouse 3, CU Ponsan Bellevue, F-31078 Tolulouse 04, France. [Osorno, Jose] Agencia Nacl Hidrocarburos, Bogota, Colombia. [Crowley, James L.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Valencia, Victor] Valencia Geoserv, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. [Vervoort, Jeff] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Jaramillo, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM jaramilloc@si.edu RI Pagani, Mark/B-3233-2008; OI Bermudez, Hermann/0000-0003-0656-2007; Ochoa, Diana/0000-0001-6242-4202; Montes, Camilo/0000-0002-3553-0787 FU Banco de la Republica; National Geographic; Smithsonian Women's Club; Instituto de Colombiano de Petroleo (ICP)-Ecopetrol SA; NSF [EAR-0628358, ATM-0902882]; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research; Smithsonian FX Supported by Banco de la Republica, National Geographic, Smithsonian Women's Club, Instituto de Colombiano de Petroleo (ICP)-Ecopetrol SA, and Smithsonian, M.P. was supported by NSF EAR-0628358 and ATM-0902882. S.S. was supported by a VISI grant from Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research. Thanks to PDVSA for access to Mar 2X and the Instituto de Patrimonio Cultural of Venezuela for allowing us to sample in Riecito Mache. Thanks to Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos, A. Pardo, J. Sanchez, C. Guerrero, M. Carvalho, and the Colombian Armed Forces for logistic support. Thanks to the biostratigraphic team at ICP. Patrice Brenac did preliminary palynological analysis of Gonzales. N. Atkins provided editing support. A. Mets (NIOZ) is thanked for analytical assistance. K. Winter, H. Muller-Landau, J. Wright, and S. Punyasena and three anonymous reviewers provided comments on the manuscript. Special thanks to M. I. Barreto for continuous support and sources of ideas. NR 27 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 7 U2 81 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 12 PY 2010 VL 330 IS 6006 BP 957 EP 961 DI 10.1126/science.1193833 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 678XY UT WOS:000284118000041 PM 21071667 ER PT J AU Kunert-Bajraszewska, M Gawronski, MP Labiano, A Siemiginowska, A AF Kunert-Bajraszewska, M. Gawronski, M. P. Labiano, A. Siemiginowska, A. TI A survey of low-luminosity compact sources and its implication for the evolution of radio-loud active galactic nuclei - I. Radio data SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: evolution ID STEEP-SPECTRUM SOURCES; WEAK CSS SOURCES; 1ST-BASED SURVEY; SYMMETRIC OBJECTS; VLBI OBSERVATIONS; VLA OBSERVATIONS; GALAXIES; SAMPLE; AGN; GHZ AB We present a new sample of compact steep spectrum (CSS) sources with radio luminosity below 10(26) W Hz(-1) at 1.4 GHz; these are called low-luminosity compact (LLC) objects. The sources have been selected from the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm (FIRST) survey and observed with the multi-element radio linked interferometer network (MERLIN) at the L and C bands. The main criterion used for selection was the luminosity of the objects, and approximately one-third of the CSS sources from the new sample have a value of radio luminosity comparable to Fanaroff-Riley type 1 sources (FR Is). About 80 per cent of the sources have been resolved and about 30 per cent have weak extended emission and disturbed structures when compared with the observations of higher-luminosity CSS sources. We have studied the correlation between radio power and linear size, and the redshift with a larger sample that also included published samples of compact objects and large-scale FR IIs and FR Is. In the radio power versus linear size diagram, the LLC objects occupy the space below the main evolutionary path of radio objects. We suggest that many of these might be short-lived objects, and their radio emission may be disrupted several times before they become FR IIs. We conclude that there exists a large population of short-lived LLC objects unexplored so far, and some of these could be precursors to large-scale FR Is. C1 [Kunert-Bajraszewska, M.; Gawronski, M. P.] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Torun Ctr Astron, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Labiano, A.] ESAC, European Space Agcy, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Siemiginowska, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kunert-Bajraszewska, M (reprint author), Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Torun Ctr Astron, Gagarina 11, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. EM magda@astro.uni.torun.pl RI Kunert-Bajraszewska, Magdalena/F-9060-2014; Gawronski, Marcin/H-6744-2014 FU NASA; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; United States Department of Energy; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max-Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England; American Museum of Natural History; Astrophysical Institute Potsdam; University of Basel; University of Cambridge; Case Western Reserve University; University of Chicago; Drexel University; Fermilab; Institute for Advanced Study; Japan Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology; Korean Scientist Group; Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA); Max-Planck Institute for Astrophysics (MPA); New Mexico State University; Ohio State University; University of Pittsburgh; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University; United States Naval Observatory; University of Washington FX The research has made use of the NED, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA.; This research has made use of the SDSS. Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the United States Department of Energy, NASA, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max-Planck Society and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS website is http://www.sdss.org/. The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, University of Basel, University of Cambridge, Case Western Reserve University, University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max-Planck Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, Ohio State University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory and the University of Washington. NR 32 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 11 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 4 BP 2261 EP 2278 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17271.x PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 674DA UT WOS:000283712700020 ER PT J AU Kirshner, R AF Kirshner, Robert TI John Huchra (1948-2010) OBITUARY SO NATURE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Kirshner, Robert] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kirshner, Robert] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kirshner, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kirshner@cfa.harvard.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 11 PY 2010 VL 468 IS 7321 BP 174 EP 174 DI 10.1038/468174a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 678DG UT WOS:000284051000026 PM 21068817 ER PT J AU Babich, R Brannick, J Brower, RC Clark, MA Manteuffel, TA McCormick, SF Osborn, JC Rebbi, C AF Babich, R. Brannick, J. Brower, R. C. Clark, M. A. Manteuffel, T. A. McCormick, S. F. Osborn, J. C. Rebbi, C. TI Adaptive Multigrid Algorithm for the Lattice Wilson-Dirac Operator SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We present an adaptive multigrid solver for application to the non-Hermitian Wilson-Dirac system of QCD. The key components leading to the success of our proposed algorithm are the use of an adaptive projection onto coarse grids that preserves the near null space of the system matrix together with a simplified form of the correction based on the so-called gamma(5)-Hermitian symmetry of the Dirac operator. We demonstrate that the algorithm nearly eliminates critical slowing down in the chiral limit and that it has weak dependence on the lattice volume. C1 [Babich, R.; Brower, R. C.; Rebbi, C.] Boston Univ, Ctr Computat Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Babich, R.; Brower, R. C.; Rebbi, C.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Brannick, J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Math, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Clark, M. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Manteuffel, T. A.; McCormick, S. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Osborn, J. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne Leadership Comp Facil, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Babich, R (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Computat Sci, 3 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. FU DOE [DE-FG02-91ER40676, DE-FC02-06ER41440, DE-FG02-03ER25574, DE-FC02-06ER25784]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [B568677, B574163, B568399]; NSF [PHY-0427646, OCI-0749202, OCI-0749317, OCI-0749300, DGE-0221680, DMS-0810982] FX This research was supported under DOE grants DE-FG02-91ER40676, DE-FC02-06ER41440, DE-FG02-03ER25574 and DE-FC02-06ER25784; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory contracts B568677, B574163 and B568399; and NSF grants PHY-0427646, OCI-0749202, OCI-0749317, OCI-0749300, DGE-0221680 and DMS-0810982. NR 8 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 20 AR 201602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.201602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 678RU UT WOS:000284098700001 PM 21231217 ER PT J AU Molnar, SM Umetsu, K Birkinshaw, M Bryan, G Haiman, Z Hearn, N Shang, C Ho, PTP Huang, CWL Koch, PM Liao, YWV Lin, KY Liu, GC Nishioka, H Wang, FC Wu, JHP AF Molnar, Sandor M. Umetsu, Keiichi Birkinshaw, Mark Bryan, Greg Haiman, Zoltan Hearn, Nathan Shang, Cien Ho, Paul T. P. Huang, Chih-Wei Locutus Koch, Patrick M. Liao, Yu-Wei Victor Lin, Kai-Yang Liu, Guo-Chin Nishioka, Hiroaki Wang, Fu-Cheng Wu, Jiun-Huei Proty TI CONSTRAINING INTRACLUSTER GAS MODELS WITH AMiBA13 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general ID RELAXED GALAXY CLUSTERS; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPY; X-RAY; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; SURFACE BRIGHTNESS; PRESSURE PROFILE; HUBBLE CONSTANT; WMAP DATA; CHANDRA; MASS AB Clusters of galaxies have been extensively used to determine cosmological parameters. A major difficulty in making the best use of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) and X-ray observations of clusters for cosmology is that using X-ray observations it is difficult to measure the temperature distribution and therefore determine the density distribution in individual clusters of galaxies out to the virial radius. Observations with the new generation of SZ instruments are a promising alternative approach. We use clusters of galaxies drawn from high-resolution adaptive mesh refinement cosmological simulations to study how well we should be able to constrain the large-scale distribution of the intracluster gas (ICG) in individual massive relaxed clusters using AMiBA in its configuration with 13 1.2 m diameter dishes (AMiBA13) along with X-ray observations. We show that non-isothermal beta models provide a good description of the ICG in our simulated relaxed clusters. We use simulated X-ray observations to estimate the quality of constraints on the distribution of gas density, and simulated SZ visibilities (AMiBA13 observations) for constraints on the large-scale temperature distribution of the ICG. We find that AMiBA13 visibilities should constrain the scale radius of the temperature distribution to about 50% accuracy. We conclude that the upgraded AMiBA, AMiBA13, should be a powerful instrument to constrain the large-scale distribution of the ICG. C1 [Molnar, Sandor M.; Umetsu, Keiichi; Ho, Paul T. P.; Koch, Patrick M.; Liao, Yu-Wei Victor; Lin, Kai-Yang; Liu, Guo-Chin; Nishioka, Hiroaki] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Birkinshaw, Mark] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Bryan, Greg; Haiman, Zoltan; Shang, Cien] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Hearn, Nathan] Univ Chicago, ASC Alliances Ctr Astrophys Thermonucl Flashes, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ho, Paul T. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Huang, Chih-Wei Locutus; Liao, Yu-Wei Victor; Wang, Fu-Cheng; Wu, Jiun-Huei Proty] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Astrophys, Dept Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Huang, Chih-Wei Locutus; Liao, Yu-Wei Victor; Wang, Fu-Cheng; Wu, Jiun-Huei Proty] Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Theoret Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Liu, Guo-Chin] Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui, Taipei County, Taiwan. RP Molnar, SM (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM sandor@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw OI WU, JIUN-HUEI/0000-0001-9608-7662; Bryan, Greg/0000-0003-2630-9228; Umetsu, Keiichi/0000-0002-7196-4822 FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC97-2112-M-001-020-MY3]; STFC; NSF [AST-05-07161, AST-05-47823]; Hungarian National Office for Research and Technology (NKTH); ASC Academic Alliances Flash Center at the University of Chicago; U.S. Department of Energy [B523820] FX We thank the anonymous referee for constructive comments which helped to substantially improve our paper. Our special thanks go to the AMiBA team for their many years of dedicated work which made this project possible. K. U. is partially supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan under the grant NSC97-2112-M-001-020-MY3. M. B. acknowledges support from the STFC. G. B. acknowledges support from NSF grants AST-05-07161, AST-05-47823, and supercomputing resources from the National Center for Supercomputing Applications. Z.H. was supported by the NSF grant AST-05-07161 and by the Polanyi Program of the Hungarian National Office for Research and Technology (NKTH). N.H. acknowledges support from the ASC Academic Alliances Flash Center at the University of Chicago, which is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, contract B523820. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 2 BP 1272 EP 1285 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/2/1272 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678QA UT WOS:000284093700026 ER PT J AU Richings, AJ Fabbiano, G Wang, JF Roberts, TP AF Richings, A. J. Fabbiano, G. Wang, Junfeng Roberts, T. P. TI THE HOT INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM OF THE INTERACTING GALAXY NGC 4490 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (NGC 4485/90); galaxies: interactions; galaxies: ISM; X-rays: galaxies; X-rays: ISM ID X-RAY-EMISSION; ANTENNAE GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; CHEMICAL ENRICHMENT; STELLAR POPULATION; STARBURST GALAXIES; SPIRAL GALAXIES; H-ALPHA; GAS AB We present an analysis of the hot interstellar medium (ISM) in the spiral galaxy NGC 4490, which is interacting with the irregular galaxy NGC 4485, using similar to 100 ks of Chandra ACIS-S observations. The high angular resolution of Chandra enables us to remove discrete sources and perform spatially resolved spectroscopy for the star-forming regions and associated outflows, allowing us to look at how the physical properties of the hot ISM such as temperature, hydrogen column density, and metal abundances vary throughout these galaxies. We find temperatures of >0.41 keV and 0.85(-0.12)(+0.59) keV, electron densities of > 1.87 eta(-1/2) x 10(-3) cm(-3) and 0.21(-0.04)(+0.03)eta x 10(-3) cm(-3), and hot gas masses of > 1.1 eta(1/2) x 10(7) M(circle dot) and similar to 3.7 eta(1/2) x 10(7) M(circle dot) in the plane and halo of NGC 4490, respectively, where eta is the filling factor of the hot gas. The abundance ratios of Ne, Mg, and Si with respect to Fe are found to be consistent with those predicted by theoretical models of type II supernovae (SNe). The thermal energy in the hot ISM is similar to 5% of the total mechanical energy input from SNe, so it is likely that the hot ISM has been enriched and heated by type II SNe. The X-ray emission is anticorrelated with the H alpha and mid-infrared emission, suggesting that the hot gas is bounded by filaments of cooler ionized hydrogen mixed with warm dust. C1 [Richings, A. J.; Fabbiano, G.; Wang, Junfeng] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Roberts, T. P.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Richings, AJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Wang, Junfeng/A-1476-2011 FU CXC CIAO software; CALDB; NASA [NAS8-39073]; Southampton University FX We thank the anonymous referee for their many useful comments that improved this paper. The data analysis was supported by the CXC CIAO software and CALDB. We have used the NASA NED and ADS facilities, and have extracted archival data from the Chandra and Spitzer archives. We thank Aneta Siemiginowska and Tom Aldcroft for helpful discussions on Sherpa. We also thank Robert Kennicutt and Janice Lee for providing the H alpha images. This research was partially supported by NASA contract NAS8-39073 (CXC). This paper is based on work performed by A. R. while visiting CfA as a part of the visiting student program sponsored by Southampton University. These results will be part of A.R.'s MSc thesis. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 2 BP 1375 EP 1392 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/2/1375 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678QA UT WOS:000284093700036 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Barnes, G Leka, KD Reeves, KK Korreck, KE Golub, L DeLuca, EE AF Lee, J. -Y. Barnes, Graham Leka, K. D. Reeves, Katharine K. Korreck, K. E. Golub, L. DeLuca, E. E. TI THE ROLE OF MAGNETIC TOPOLOGY IN THE HEATING OF ACTIVE REGION CORONAL LOOPS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: magnetic topology; Sun: UV radiation; Sun: X-rays; gamma rays ID LOCAL CORRELATION TRACKING; X-RAY; TRANSITION REGION; CURRENT SHEETS; SOLAR CORONA; HINODE; FLUX; MODEL; TRACE; RECONNECTION AB We investigate the evolution of coronal loop emission in the context of the coronal magnetic field topology. New modeling techniques allow us to investigate the magnetic field structure and energy release in active regions (ARs). Using these models and high-resolution multi-wavelength coronal observations from the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer and the X-ray Telescope on Hinode, we are able to establish a relationship between the light curves of coronal loops and their associated magnetic topologies for NOAA AR 10963. We examine loops that show both transient and steady emission, and we find that loops that show many transient brightenings are located in domains associated with a high number of separators. This topology provides an environment for continual impulsive heating events through magnetic reconnection at the separators. A loop with relatively constant X-ray and EUV emission, on the other hand, is located in domains that are not associated with separators. This result implies that larger-scale magnetic field reconnections are not involved in heating plasma in these regions, and the heating in these loops must come from another mechanism, such as small-scale reconnections (i.e., nanoflares) or wave heating. Additionally, we find that loops that undergo repeated transient brightenings are associated with separators that have enhanced free energy. In contrast, we find one case of an isolated transient brightening that seems to be associated with separators with a smaller free energy. C1 [Lee, J. -Y.; Reeves, Katharine K.; Korreck, K. E.; Golub, L.; DeLuca, E. E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lee, J. -Y.; Barnes, Graham; Leka, K. D.] NW Res Associates Inc, CoRA Div, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Lee, JY (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014; DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013 OI DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895 FU NASA [NNM07AA02C]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-06-C-0019] FX We thank Bish Ishibashi for the helpful comments on this paper. We thank the anonymous referee for comments that improved this paper. This work was supported by NASA grant NNM07AA02C to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research contract FA9550-06-C-0019 to NorthWest Research Associates. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, collaborating with NAOJ as a domestic partner, and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. Scientific operation of the Hinode mission is conducted by the Hinode science team organized at ISAS/JAXA. This team mainly consists of scientists from institutes in the partner countries. Support for the post-launch operation is provided by JAXA and NAOJ (Japan), STFC (UK), NASA, ESA, and NSC (Norway). NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 2 BP 1493 EP 1506 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/2/1493 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678QA UT WOS:000284093700042 ER PT J AU Huenemoerder, DP Schulz, NS Testa, P Drake, JJ Osten, RA Reale, F AF Huenemoerder, David P. Schulz, Norbert S. Testa, Paola Drake, Jeremy J. Osten, Rachel A. Reale, Fabio TI X-RAY FLARES OF EV Lac: STATISTICS, SPECTRA, AND DIAGNOSTICS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: activity; stars: coronae; stars: flare; stars: individual (EV Lac); X-rays: stars ID XMM-NEWTON; CORONAL LOOPS; M-DWARFS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; FLARING LOOPS; TEMPERATURE DIAGRAM; STELLAR FLARES; SOLAR-FLARES; EV-LACERTAE; RISE PHASE AB We study the spectral and temporal behavior of X-ray flares from the active M dwarf EV Lac in 200 ks of exposure with the Chandra/HETGS. We derive flare parameters by fitting an empirical function which characterizes the amplitude, shape, and scale. The flares range from very short (<1 ks) to long (similar to 10(4) s) duration events with a range of shapes and amplitudes for all durations. We extract spectra for composite flares to study their mean evolution and to compare flares of different lengths. Evolution of spectral features in the density-temperature plane shows probable sustained heating. The short flares are significantly hotter than the longer flares. We determined an upper limit to the Fe K fluorescent flux, the best-fit value being close to what is expected for compact loops. C1 [Huenemoerder, David P.; Schulz, Norbert S.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Testa, Paola; Drake, Jeremy J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Osten, Rachel A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Reale, Fabio] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Astron, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. RP Huenemoerder, DP (reprint author), MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. OI Reale, Fabio/0000-0002-1820-4824 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [SV3-73016, NAS8-03060]; Chandra X-Ray Center and Science Instruments [NAS8-03060] FX Support for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory contract SV3-73016 to MIT for support of the Chandra X-Ray Center and Science Instruments, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. J.J.D. and P. T. acknowledge support from the Chandra X-ray Center NASA contract NAS8-03060. We thank Professor Claude Canizares for granting HETG/GTO time for this project and for comments on the manuscript. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 2 BP 1558 EP 1567 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/2/1558 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678QA UT WOS:000284093700048 ER PT J AU Brown, WR Kilic, M Prieto, CA Kenyon, SJ AF Brown, Warren R. Kilic, Mukremin Prieto, Carlos Allende Kenyon, Scott J. TI THE ELM SURVEY. I. A COMPLETE SAMPLE OF EXTREMELY LOW-MASS WHITE DWARFS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: stellar content; stars: individual (J211921.96-001825.8, SDSS J075552.40+490627.9, SDSS J081822.34+353618.9, SDSS J092345.60+302805.0, SDSS J123316.20+160204.6, SDSS J143948.40+100221.7, SDSS J151225.70+261538.5); white dwarfs ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; BINARY NLTT 11748; HYPERVELOCITY STARS; THEORETICAL ISOCHRONES; PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEMS; DISCOVERY; HELIUM; CALIBRATION; COMPANION; CATALOG AB We analyze radial velocity observations of the 12 extremely low-mass (ELM), with <= 0.25 M-circle dot, white dwarfs (WDs) in the MMT Hypervelocity Star Survey. Eleven of the twelve WDs are binaries with orbital periods shorter than 14 hr; the one non-variable WD is possibly a pole-on system among our non-kinematically selected targets. Our sample is unique: it is complete in a well-defined range of apparent magnitude and color. The orbital mass functions imply that the unseen companions are most likely other WDs, although neutron star companions cannot be excluded. Six of the eleven systems with orbital solutions will merge within a Hubble time due to the loss of angular momentum through gravitational wave radiation. The quickest merger is J0923+3028, a g = 15.7 ELM WD binary with a 1.08 hr orbital period and a <= 130 Myr merger time. The chance of a supernova Ia event among our ELM WDs is only 1%-7%, however. Three binary systems (J0755+4906, J1233+1602, and J2119-0018) have extreme mass ratios and will most likely form stable mass-transfer AM CVn systems. Two of these objects, SDSS J1233+1602 and J2119-0018, are the lowest surface gravity WDs ever found; both show Ca II absorption likely from accretion of circumbinary material. We predict that at least one of our WDs is an eclipsing detached double WD system, important for constraining helium core WD models. C1 [Brown, Warren R.; Kilic, Mukremin; Kenyon, Scott J.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Prieto, Carlos Allende] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain. [Prieto, Carlos Allende] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain. RP Brown, WR (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM wbrown@cfa.harvard.edu; mkilic@cfa.harvard.edu; skenyon@cfa.harvard.edu; callende@iac.es OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X FU Smithsonian Institution; NASA under CalTech FX We thank M. Alegria, J. McAfee, and A. Milone for their assistance with observations obtained at the MMT Observatory, and P. Berlind and M. Calkins for their assistance with observations obtained at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory. We especially thank P. Challis obtaining additional observations of J2119-0018, and the referee for helpful comments. This project makes use of data products from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, which is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions. This research makes use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. To perform the Monte Carlo analysis, we used the routine randgen.f, written by R. Chandler and P. Northrop. This work was supported in part by the Smithsonian Institution. M.K. is supported by NASA through the Spitzer Space Telescope Fellowship Program, under an award from CalTech. NR 43 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 2 BP 1072 EP 1081 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/2/1072 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678QA UT WOS:000284093700010 ER PT J AU Zhao, JH Blundell, R Moran, JM Downes, D Schuster, KF Marrone, DP AF Zhao, Jun-Hui Blundell, Ray Moran, James M. Downes, Dennis Schuster, Karl F. Marrone, Daniel P. TI THE HIGH-DENSITY IONIZED GAS IN THE CENTRAL PARSEC OF THE GALAXY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: center; H II regions; ISM: individual objects (Sgr A); ISM: kinematics and dynamics; radio lines: ISM ID RADIO RECOMBINATION LINES; GALACTIC-CENTER; BLACK-HOLE; STAR CLUSTER; SGR-A; STARBURST GALAXIES; PROPER MOTIONS; VELOCITY-FIELD; STELLAR ORBITS; WEST AB We report a study of the H30 alpha line emission at 1.3 mm from the region around Sgr A* made with the Submillimeter Array at a resolution of 2 '' over a field of 60 '' (2 pc) and a velocity range of -360 to +345 km s(-1). This field encompasses most of the Galactic center's "minispiral." With an isothermal homogeneous H II model, we determined the physical conditions of the ionized gas at specific locations in the Northern and Eastern Arms from the H30 alpha line data along with Very Large Array data from the H92 alpha line at 3.6 cm and from the radio continuum emission at 1.3 cm. The typical electron density and kinetic temperature in the minispiral arms are 3-21x10(4) cm(-3) and 5000-13,000 K, respectively. The H30 alpha and H92 alpha line profiles are broadened due to the large velocity shear within and along the beam produced by dynamical motions in the strong gravitational field near Sgr A*. We constructed a three-dimensional model of the minispiral using the orbital parameters derived under the assumptions that the gas flows are in Keplerian motion. The gas in the Eastern Arm appears to collide with the Northern Arm flow in the "Bar" region, which is located 0.1-0.2 pc south of and behind Sgr A*. Finally, a total Lyman continuum flux of 3x10(50) photons s(-1) is inferred from the assumption that the gas is photoionized and the ionizing photons for the high-density gas in the minispiral arms are from external sources, which is equivalent to similar to 250 O9-type zero-age-main-sequence stars. C1 [Zhao, Jun-Hui; Blundell, Ray; Moran, James M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Downes, Dennis; Schuster, Karl F.] Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. [Marrone, Daniel P.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Zhao, JH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jzhao@cfa.harvard.edu OI Marrone, Daniel/0000-0002-2367-1080; Moran, James/0000-0002-3882-4414 FU NASA [HST-HF-51259.01, NAS 5-26555]; Associated Universities, Inc.; Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica FX We are grateful to Carolann Barrett for her careful editing of our manuscript. We also thank Harvey Liszt for discussing aspects of his 2003 Keplerian model and for encouraging us to make these SMA observations. The research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. Support for D. P. M. was provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF-51259.01 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555.; The Very Large Array (VLA) is operated by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO). The NRAO is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.; The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. NR 54 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 2 BP 1097 EP 1109 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/2/1097 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678QA UT WOS:000284093700012 ER PT J AU Lin, YT Shen, Y Strauss, MA Richards, GT Lunnan, R AF Lin, Yen-Ting Shen, Yue Strauss, Michael A. Richards, Gordon T. Lunnan, Ragnhild TI ON THE POPULATIONS OF RADIO GALAXIES WITH EXTENDED MORPHOLOGY AT z < 0.3 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD; radio continuum: galaxies ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; FANAROFF-RILEY DICHOTOMY; X-RAY BINARIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; BLACK-HOLE; EMISSION-LINE; SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; COMPLETE SAMPLE AB Extended extragalactic radio sources have traditionally been classified into Fanaroff & Riley (FR) I and II types, based on the ratio r(s) of the separation S between the brightest regions on either sides of the host galaxy and the total size T of the radio source (r(s) = S/T). In this paper, we examine the distribution of various physical properties as a function of r(s) of 1040 luminous (L greater than or similar to L(*)) extended radio galaxies (RGs) at z < 0.3 selected with well-defined criteria from the SDSS, NVSS, and FIRST surveys. About 2/3 of the RGs are lobe dominated (LD) and 1/3 have prominent jets. If we follow the original definition of the FR types, i.e., a division based solely on r(s), FR I and FR II RGs overlap in their host galaxy properties. However, the rare LD sources with r(s) greater than or similar to 0.8 and [O III] lambda 5007 line luminosity > 10(6) L(circle dot) are markedly different on average from the rest of the RGs, in the sense that they are hosted in lower mass galaxies, live in relatively sparse environments, and likely have higher accretion rates onto the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). Thus, these high emission line luminosity, high-r(s) LD RGs, and the rest of RGs form a well-defined dichotomy. Motivated by the stark differences in the nuclear emission line properties of the RG subsamples, we suggest that the accretion rate onto the SMBH may play the primary role in creating the different morphologies. At relatively high accretion rates, the accretion system may produce powerful jets that create the "classical double" morphology (roughly corresponding to the LD sources with r(s) greater than or similar to 0.8 and emission lines); at lower accretion rates, the jets from a radiatively inefficient accretion flow generate radio lobes without apparent "hot spots" at the edge (corresponding to the majority of LD sources). At slightly lower accretion rates and in galaxies with dense galactic structure, sources with prominent jets result. It is possible that while the high accretion rate systems could affect sub-Mpc scale environments, the jets from lower accretion rate systems may efficiently suppress activity within the host galaxies. C1 [Lin, Yen-Ting] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Univ, Chiba, Japan. [Lin, Yen-Ting; Shen, Yue; Strauss, Michael A.; Lunnan, Ragnhild] Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Shen, Yue; Lunnan, Ragnhild] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Richards, Gordon T.] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Lin, YT (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Univ, Chiba, Japan. EM yen-ting.lin@ipmu.jp OI Lunnan, Ragnhild/0000-0001-9454-4639 FU World Premier International Research Center Initiative, MEXT, Japan; Princeton-Catolica Fellowship; NSF [OISE-0530095, AST-0707266]; Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory FX We thank the referee, Philip Best, for an insightful, careful, and encouraging report that improved the clarity and presentation of the paper. We are grateful to John Silverman, Jim Gunn, Nozomu Kawakatu, Jonghak Woo, Ron Taam, Paul Wiita, Rick White, Jim Condon, Brian Mason, Sheng-Yuan Liu, Jarle Brinchmann, Wei-Hao Wang, and Melanie Gendre for helpful discussions and comments, and to Robert Lupton for help with sm. Y.T.L. thanks I. H. for constant support and inspiration. Y.T.L. acknowledges supports from the World Premier International Research Center Initiative, MEXT, Japan, and from a Princeton-Catolica Fellowship and NSF PIRE grant OISE-0530095, while he was at Princeton. Y.S. acknowledges support from a Clay Postdoctoral Fellowship through the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. M.A.S. and Y.S. acknowledge the support of NSF grant AST-0707266. G. T. R. was supported in part by an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship.; Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, and the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS Web site is http://www.sdss.org/. NR 71 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 2 BP 1119 EP 1138 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/2/1119 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678QA UT WOS:000284093700014 ER PT J AU Schmelz, JT Saar, SH Nasraoui, K Kashyap, VL Weber, MA DeLuca, EE Golub, L AF Schmelz, J. T. Saar, S. H. Nasraoui, K. Kashyap, V. L. Weber, M. A. DeLuca, E. E. Golub, L. TI MULTI-STRANDED AND MULTI-THERMAL SOLAR CORONAL LOOPS: EVIDENCE FROM HINODE X-RAY TELESCOPE AND EUV IMAGING SPECTROMETER DATA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: UV radiation; Sun: X-rays; gamma rays ID ACTIVE-REGION LOOPS; TRANSITION-REGION; TRACE; EMISSION; EXPLORER; TEMPERATURE; MISSION; DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTRA; MODELS AB Data from the X-Ray Telescope (XRT) and the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on the Japanese/USA/UK Hinode spacecraft were used to investigate the spatial and thermal properties of an isolated quiescent coronal loop. We constructed differential emission measure (DEM) curves using Monte Carlo based, iterative forward fitting algorithms. We studied the loop as a whole, in segments, in transverse cuts, and point-by-point, always with some form of background subtraction, and find that the loop DEM is neither isothermal nor extremely broad, with approximately 96% of the EM between 6.2 <= log T <= 6.7, and an EM-weighted temperature of log T = 6.48 +/- 0.16. We find evidence for a gradual change in temperature along the loop, with log T increasing only by approximate to 0.1 from the footpoints to the peak. The combine XRT-EIS data set does a good job of constraining the temperature distribution for coronal loop plasma. Our studies show that the strong constraints at high and low temperatures provided by the combined data set are crucial for obtaining reasonable solutions. These results confirm that the observations of at least some loops are not consistent with isothermal plasma, and therefore cannot be modeled with a single flux tube and must be multi-stranded. C1 [Schmelz, J. T.; Nasraoui, K.] Univ Memphis, Dept Phys, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Schmelz, J. T.; Saar, S. H.; Kashyap, V. L.; Weber, M. A.; DeLuca, E. E.; Golub, L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Schmelz, JT (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Phys, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM jschmelz@memphis.edu RI DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013 OI DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895 FU NASA/SAO; NSF [ATM-0402729]; [NNM07AB07C] FX Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in cooperation with ESA and the NSC (Norway). CHIANTI is a collaborative project involving the NRL (USA), the Universities of Florence (Italy) and Cambridge (UK), and George Mason University (USA). Solar physics research at the University of Memphis is supported by a Hinode subcontract from NASA/SAO as well as NSF ATM-0402729. S. S., M. W., E. D., and L. G. are supported by contract NNM07AB07C to NASA. We benefited greatly from discussions at four workshops on solar coronal loops: Paris (2002 November), Palermo (2004 September), Santorini (2007 June), and Florence (2009 June). NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 2 BP 1180 EP 1187 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/2/1180 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678QA UT WOS:000284093700018 ER PT J AU Andrews, SM Wilner, DJ Hughes, AM Qi, CH Dullemond, CP AF Andrews, Sean M. Wilner, D. J. Hughes, A. M. Qi, Chunhua Dullemond, C. P. TI PROTOPLANETARY DISK STRUCTURES IN OPHIUCHUS. II. EXTENSION TO FAINTER SOURCES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; circumstellar matter; planetary systems; protoplanetary disks; stars: pre-main sequence ID T-TAURI STARS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; GIANT PLANET FORMATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; MILLIMETER CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS; X-RAY-RADIATION; PRE-MAIN; RHO-OPHIUCHI; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS AB We present new results from a significant extension of our previous high angular resolution (0 ''.3 approximate to 40 AU) submillimeter array survey of the 340 GHz (880 mu m) thermal continuum emission from dusty circumstellar disks in the similar to 1 Myr old Ophiuchus star-forming region. An expanded sample is constructed to probe disk structures that emit significantly lower millimeter luminosities (hence dust masses), down to the median value for T Tauri stars. Using a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code, the millimeter visibilities and broadband spectral energy distribution for each disk are simultaneously reproduced with a two-dimensional parametric model for a viscous accretion disk that has a surface density profile Sigma alpha (R/R(c))(-gamma) exp [-(R/R(c))(2-gamma)]. We find wide ranges of characteristic radii (R(c) = 14-198 AU) and disk masses (M(d) = 0.004-0.143 M(circle dot)), but a narrow distribution of surface density gradients (gamma = 0.4-1.1) that is consistent with a uniform value = 0.9 +/- 0.2 and independent of mass (or millimeter luminosity). In this sample, we find a correlation between the disk luminosity/mass and characteristic radius, such that fainter disks are both smaller and less massive. We suggest that this relationship is an imprint of the initial conditions inherited by the disks at their formation epoch, compare their angular momenta with those of molecular cloud cores, and speculate on how future observations can help constrain the distribution of viscous evolution timescales. No other correlations between disk and star properties are found. The inferred disk structures are briefly compared with theoretical models for giant planet formation, although resolution limitations do not permit us to directly comment on material inside R approximate to 20 AU. However, there is some compelling evidence for the evolution of dust in the planet formation region: 4/17 disks in the sample show resolved regions of significantly reduced millimeter optical depths within similar to 20-40 AU of their central stars. C1 [Andrews, Sean M.; Wilner, D. J.; Hughes, A. M.; Qi, Chunhua] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Dullemond, C. P.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Andrews, SM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sandrews@cfa.harvard.edu OI Dullemond, Cornelis/0000-0002-7078-5910 FU Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica; NASA [HF-01203.01-A, NAS 5-26555, NNG05GI81G]; National Science Foundation FX We are grateful to an anonymous referee for suggestions that helped improve the clarity of this article. The SMA is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. Support for this work was provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HF-01203.01-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. D.J.W. acknowledges support from NASA Origins Grant NNG05GI81G. A.M.H. acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. NR 98 TC 146 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 2 BP 1241 EP 1254 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/2/1241 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678QA UT WOS:000284093700024 ER PT J AU Haggard, D Green, PJ Anderson, SF Constantin, A Aldcroft, TL Kim, DW Barkhouse, WA AF Haggard, Daryl Green, Paul J. Anderson, Scott F. Constantin, Anca Aldcroft, Tom L. Kim, Dong-Woo Barkhouse, Wayne A. TI THE FIELD X-RAY AGN FRACTION TO z=0.7 FROM THE CHANDRA MULTIWAVELENGTH PROJECT AND THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: nuclei; surveys; X-rays: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; SURVEY IMAGING DATA; GALAXY LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; EARLY DATA RELEASE; HOST GALAXIES; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; STARBURST GALAXIES; HELLAS2XMM SURVEY AB We employ the Chandra Multiwavelength Project (ChaMP) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to study the fraction of X-ray-active galaxies in the field to z = 0.7. We utilize spectroscopic redshifts from SDSS and ChaMP, as well as photometric redshifts from several SDSS catalogs, to compile a Parent sample of more than 100,000 SDSS galaxies and nearly 1600 Chandra X-ray detections. Detailed ChaMP volume completeness maps allow us to investigate the local fraction of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), defined as those objects having broadband X-ray luminosities L(X)(0.5-8 keV) >= 10(42) erg s(-1), as a function of absolute optical magnitude, X-ray luminosity, redshift, mass, and host color/morphological type. In five independent samples complete in redshift and i-band absolute magnitude, we determine the field AGN fraction to be between 0.16% +/- 0.06% (for z <= 0.125 and -18 > M(i) > -20) and 3.80% +/- 0.92% (for z <= 0.7 and M(i) < -23). We find excellent agreement between our ChaMP/SDSS field AGN fraction and the Chandra cluster AGN fraction, for samples restricted to similar redshift and absolute magnitude ranges: 1.19% +/- 0.11% of ChaMP/SDSS field galaxies with 0.05 < z < 0.31 and absolute R-band magnitude more luminous than M(R) < -20 are AGNs. Our results are also broadly consistent with measures of the field AGN fraction in narrow, deep fields, though differences in the optical selection criteria, redshift coverage, and possible cosmic variance between fields introduce larger uncertainties in these comparisons. C1 [Haggard, Daryl; Anderson, Scott F.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Haggard, Daryl] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Green, Paul J.; Aldcroft, Tom L.; Kim, Dong-Woo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Constantin, Anca] James Madison Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Barkhouse, Wayne A.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Haggard, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dhaggard@astro.washington.edu OI Constantin, Anca/0000-0002-2441-1619 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [AR7-8015AR0, AR9-0020X, GO0-11129B, NAS8-03060]; National Science Foundation [NSF PHY05-51164]; University of Washington Astronomy Department; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England FX We thank the referee for comments that improved this manuscript, Nicolas B. Cowan for useful discussions about the beta distribution and Monte Carlo simulations, Adam D. Myers for providing QSO redshift probability distributions for the MC simulations, and John D. Silverman for assistance with the comparisons to the zCOSMOS AGN fractions. Support for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Chandra Award Number AR7-8015AR0, AR9-0020X, and GO0-11129B issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. This research was also supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant No. NSF PHY05-51164. D. H. acknowledges support from the NASA Harriett G. Jenkins Pre-doctoral Fellowship Program and the University of Washington Astronomy Department's Jacobsen Fund. We acknowledge use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS Web site is http://www.sdss.org/. The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, University of Basel, Cambridge University, CaseWestern Reserve University, University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, Ohio State University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory, and the University of Washington. NR 110 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 2 BP 1447 EP 1468 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/2/1447 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678QA UT WOS:000284093700040 ER PT J AU Menanteau, F Gonzalez, J Juin, JB Marriage, TA Reese, ED Acquaviva, V Aguirre, P Appel, JW Baker, AJ Barrientos, LF Battistelli, ES Bond, JR Das, S Deshpande, AJ Devlin, MJ Dicker, S Dunkley, J Dunner, R Essinger-Hileman, T Fowler, JW Hajian, A Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hernandez-Monteagudo, C Hilton, M Hincks, AD Hlozek, R Huffenberger, KM Hughes, JP Infante, L Irwin, KD Klein, J Kosowsky, A Lin, YT Marsden, D Moodley, K Niemack, MD Nolta, MR Page, LA Parker, L Partridge, B Sehgal, N Sievers, J Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Swetz, D Switzer, E Thornton, R Trac, H Warne, R Wollack, E AF Menanteau, Felipe Gonzalez, Jorge Juin, Jean-Baptiste Marriage, Tobias A. Reese, Erik D. Acquaviva, Viviana Aguirre, Paula Appel, John William Baker, Andrew J. Felipe Barrientos, L. Battistelli, Elia S. Bond, J. Richard Das, Sudeep Deshpande, Amruta J. Devlin, Mark J. Dicker, Simon Dunkley, Joanna Duenner, Rolando Essinger-Hileman, Thomas Fowler, Joseph W. Hajian, Amir Halpern, Mark Hasselfield, Matthew Hernandez-Monteagudo, Carlos Hilton, Matt Hincks, Adam D. Hlozek, Renee Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hughes, John P. Infante, Leopoldo Irwin, Kent D. Klein, Jeff Kosowsky, Arthur Lin, Yen-Ting Marsden, Danica Moodley, Kavilan Niemack, Michael D. Nolta, Michael R. Page, Lyman A. Parker, Lucas Partridge, Bruce Sehgal, Neelima Sievers, Jon Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Swetz, Daniel Switzer, Eric Thornton, Robert Trac, Hy Warne, Ryan Wollack, Ed TI THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND PURITY OF A GALAXY CLUSTER SAMPLE SELECTED VIA THE SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: distances and redshifts; large-scale structure of universe ID ALL-SKY SURVEY; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; X-RAY-PROPERTIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; DARK ENERGY; 1E 0657-56; CATALOG; CHANDRA; EXTRACTION AB We present optical and X-ray properties for the first confirmed galaxy cluster sample selected by the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) from 148 GHz maps over 455 deg(2) of sky made with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). These maps, coupled with multi-band imaging on 4 m class optical telescopes, have yielded a sample of 23 galaxy clusters with redshifts between 0.118 and 1.066. Of these 23 clusters, 10 are newly discovered. The selection of this sample is approximately mass limited and essentially independent of redshift. We provide optical positions, images, redshifts, and X-ray fluxes and luminosities for the full sample, and X-ray temperatures of an important subset. The mass limit of the full sample is around 8.0 x 10(14) M-circle dot, with a number distribution that peaks around a redshift of 0.4. For the 10 highest significance SZE-selected cluster candidates, all of which are optically confirmed, the mass threshold is 1 x 10(15) M-circle dot and the redshift range is 0.167-1.066. Archival observations from Chandra, XMM-Newton, and ROSAT provide X-ray luminosities and temperatures that are broadly consistent with this mass threshold. Our optical follow-up procedure also allowed us to assess the purity of the ACT cluster sample. Eighty (one hundred) percent of the 148 GHz candidates with signal-to-noise ratios greater than 5.1 (5.7) are confirmed as massive clusters. The reported sample represents one of the largest SZE-selected sample of massive clusters over all redshifts within a cosmologically significant survey volume, which will enable cosmological studies as well as future studies on the evolution, morphology, and stellar populations in the most massive clusters in the universe. C1 [Menanteau, Felipe; Acquaviva, Viviana; Baker, Andrew J.; Deshpande, Amruta J.; Hughes, John P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Gonzalez, Jorge; Juin, Jean-Baptiste; Aguirre, Paula; Felipe Barrientos, L.; Duenner, Rolando; Infante, Leopoldo] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Marriage, Tobias A.; Acquaviva, Viviana; Spergel, David N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Reese, Erik D.; Devlin, Mark J.; Dicker, Simon; Klein, Jeff; Marsden, Danica; Swetz, Daniel] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Appel, John William; Essinger-Hileman, Thomas; Fowler, Joseph W.; Hincks, Adam D.; Page, Lyman A.; Parker, Lucas; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Battistelli, Elia S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Bond, J. Richard; Hajian, Amir; Nolta, Michael R.; Sievers, Jon] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dunkley, Joanna; Hlozek, Renee] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Halpern, Mark; Hasselfield, Matthew] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Hernandez-Monteagudo, Carlos] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Hilton, Matt; Moodley, Kavilan; Warne, Ryan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, Sch Math Sci, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Huffenberger, Kevin M.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Irwin, Kent D.; Niemack, Michael D.] NIST Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Lin, Yen-Ting] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Partridge, Bruce] Haverford Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Sehgal, Neelima] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Switzer, Eric] Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Thornton, Robert] W Chester Univ, Dept Phys, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. [Trac, Hy] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wollack, Ed] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Menanteau, F (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 849, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Klein, Jeffrey/E-3295-2013; Spergel, David/A-4410-2011; Hilton, Matthew James/N-5860-2013; Trac, Hy/N-8838-2014; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074; Trac, Hy/0000-0001-6778-3861; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099; Menanteau, Felipe/0000-0002-1372-2534 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0408698, PHY-0355328, AST-0707731, PIRE-0507768, OISE-0530095]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; NASA/XMM [NNX08AX55G, NNX08AX72G]; Canada Foundation for Innovation under Compute Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation under Government of Ontario; Canada Foundation for Innovation under University of Toronto; Centro de Astrofisica FONDAP [15010003]; Centro BASAL-CATA; FONDECYT [1085286] FX The observations on which this paper were based represent the marriage of two different communities (CMB and optical) in multiple countries working for a common goal. In particular, the optical observations were coordinated and led by Felipe Barrientos and Leopoldo Infante (Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile) and John P. Hughes and Felipe Menanteau (Rutgers University). This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards AST-0408698 for the ACT project, and PHY-0355328, AST-0707731 and PIRE-0507768 (award number OISE-0530095). The PIRE program made possible exchanges between Chile, South Africa, Spain, and the US that enabled this research program. Funding was also provided by Princeton University and the University of Pennsylvania. We also acknowledge support from NASA/XMM grants NNX08AX55G and NNX08AX72G to Rutgers University. Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation under the auspices of Compute Canada; the Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. This research is partially funded by "Centro de Astrofisica FONDAP" 15010003, Centro BASAL-CATA, and by FONDECYT under proyecto 1085286. The observers (F. M., J.P.H., J.G., L. I.) thank the La Silla, CTIO, and SOAR staff for their support during the runs. The SOAR Telescope is a joint project of Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas Cientificas e Tecnologicas CNPq-Brazil, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Michigan State University, and the National Optical Astronomy Observatory. NR 82 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 2 BP 1523 EP 1541 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/2/1523 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678QA UT WOS:000284093700045 ER PT J AU Norris, JE Wyse, RFG Gilmore, G Yong, D Frebel, A Wilkinson, MI Belokurov, V Zucker, DB AF Norris, John E. Wyse, Rosemary F. G. Gilmore, Gerard Yong, David Frebel, Anna Wilkinson, Mark I. Belokurov, V. Zucker, Daniel B. TI CHEMICAL ENRICHMENT IN THE FAINTEST GALAXIES: THE CARBON AND IRON ABUNDANCE SPREADS IN THE BOOTES I DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY AND THE SEGUE 1 SYSTEM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: abundances; galaxies: dwarf; galaxies: individual (Bootes I, Segue 1); Galaxy: abundances; stars: abundances ID METAL-POOR STARS; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; MILKY-WAY SATELLITE; RED GIANT BRANCH; OMEGA-CENTAURI; LOCAL GROUP; METALLICITY DISTRIBUTION; GALACTIC SATELLITES; MAIN-SEQUENCE; 1ST STARS AB We present an AAOmega spectroscopic study of red giants in the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Bootes I (M(V) similar to -6) and the Segue 1 system (M(V) similar to -1.5), either an extremely low luminosity dwarf galaxy or an unusually extended globular cluster. Both Bootes I and Segue 1 have significant abundance dispersions in iron and carbon. Bootes I has a mean abundance of [Fe/H] = -2.55 +/- 0.11 with an [Fe/H] dispersion of sigma = 0.37 +/- 0.08, and abundance spreads of Delta[Fe/H] = 1.7 and Delta[C/H] = 1.5. Segue 1 has a mean of [Fe/H]= -2.7 +/- 0.4 with [Fe/H] dispersion of sigma = 0.7 +/- 0.3, and abundances spreads of Delta[Fe/H]= 1.6 and Delta[C/H]= 1.2. Moreover, Segue 1 has a radial-velocity member at four half-light radii that is extremely metal-poor and carbon-rich, with [Fe/H] = -3.5, and [C/Fe] = +2.3. Modulo an unlikely non-member contamination, the [Fe/H] abundance dispersion confirms Segue 1 as the least-luminous ultra-faint dwarf galaxy known. For [Fe/H] < -3.0, stars in the Milky Way's dwarf galaxy satellites exhibit a dependence of [C/Fe] on [Fe/H] similar to that in Galactic field halo stars. Thus, chemical evolution proceeded similarly in the formation sites of the Galaxy's extremely metal-poor halo stars and in the ultra-faint dwarf galaxies. We confirm the correlation between (decreasing) luminosity and both (decreasing) mean metallicity and (increasing) abundance dispersion in the Milky Way dwarf galaxies at least as faint as MV = -5. The very low mean iron abundances and the high carbon and iron abundance dispersions in Segue 1 and Bootes I are consistent with highly inhomogeneous chemical evolution starting in near zero-abundance gas. These ultra-faint dwarf galaxies are apparently surviving examples of the very first bound systems. C1 [Norris, John E.; Yong, David] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Mt Stromlo Observ, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Wyse, Rosemary F. G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Wyse, Rosemary F. G.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Gilmore, Gerard; Belokurov, V.; Zucker, Daniel B.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Frebel, Anna] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wilkinson, Mark I.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Zucker, Daniel B.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Zucker, Daniel B.] Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. RP Norris, JE (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Mt Stromlo Observ, Cotter Rd, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. EM jen@mso.anu.edu.au FU Australian Research Council [DP0663562, DP0984924]; W.M. Keck Foundation; Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation; NSF [AST-0908326.]; Clay Fellowship FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the AAOmega project team, in particular Rob Sharp, during this investigation. We also thank Evan Kirby and Joshua Simon for discussions on their ongoing investigation of Segue 1. Studies at RSAA, ANU, of the most metal-poor stellar populations are supported by Australian Research Council grants DP0663562 and DP0984924, which J.E.N. and D.Y. are pleased to acknowledge. R.F.G. W. acknowledges grants from the W.M. Keck Foundation and the Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation, to establish a program of data-intensive science at the Johns Hopkins University, and NSF grant AST-0908326. She also thanks all at the Institute for Astronomy, Edinburgh University for their hospitality during her appointment as Distinguished Visitor. A.F. is supported by a Clay Fellowship administered by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. NR 78 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 2 BP 1632 EP 1650 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/2/1632 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678QA UT WOS:000284093700054 ER PT J AU High, FW Stalder, B Song, J Ade, PAR Aird, KA Allam, SS Armstrong, R Barkhouse, WA Benson, BA Bertin, E Bhattacharya, S Bleem, LE Brodwin, M Buckley-Geer, EJ Carlstrom, JE Challis, P Chang, CL Crawford, TM Crites, AT de Haan, T Desai, S Dobbs, MA Dudley, JP Foley, RJ George, EM Gladders, M Halverson, NW Hamuy, M Hansen, SM Holder, GP Holzapfel, WL Hrubes, JD Joy, M Keisler, R Lee, AT Leitch, EM Lin, H Lin, YT Loehr, A Lueker, M Marrone, D McMahon, JJ Mehl, J Meyer, SS Mohr, JJ Montroy, TE Morell, N Ngeow, CC Padin, S Plagge, T Pryke, C Reichardt, CL Rest, A Ruel, J Ruhl, JE Schaffer, KK Shaw, L Shirokoff, E Smith, RC Spieler, HG Staniszewski, Z Stark, AA Stubbs, CW Tucker, DL Vanderlinde, K Vieira, JD Williamson, R Wood-Vasey, WM Yang, Y Zahn, O Zenteno, A AF High, F. W. Stalder, B. Song, J. Ade, P. A. R. Aird, K. A. Allam, S. S. Armstrong, R. Barkhouse, W. A. Benson, B. A. Bertin, E. Bhattacharya, S. Bleem, L. E. Brodwin, M. Buckley-Geer, E. J. Carlstrom, J. E. Challis, P. Chang, C. L. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. de Haan, T. Desai, S. Dobbs, M. A. Dudley, J. P. Foley, R. J. George, E. M. Gladders, M. Halverson, N. W. Hamuy, M. Hansen, S. M. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hrubes, J. D. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Lin, H. Lin, Y. -T. Loehr, A. Lueker, M. Marrone, D. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Morell, N. Ngeow, C. -C. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, A. Ruel, J. Ruhl, J. E. Schaffer, K. K. Shaw, L. Shirokoff, E. Smith, R. C. Spieler, H. G. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, A. A. Stubbs, C. W. Tucker, D. L. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Williamson, R. Wood-Vasey, W. M. Yang, Y. Zahn, O. Zenteno, A. TI OPTICAL REDSHIFT AND RICHNESS ESTIMATES FOR GALAXY CLUSTERS SELECTED WITH THE SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT FROM 2008 SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; galaxies: clusters: general ID SEQUENCE LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; RED-SEQUENCE; CONSTRAINTS; COSMOLOGY; CATALOG; VELOCITIES; EVOLUTION; STELLAR; MODELS AB We present redshifts and optical richness properties of 21 galaxy clusters uniformly selected by their Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) signature. These clusters, plus an additional, unconfirmed candidate, were detected in a 178 deg(2) area surveyed by the South Pole Telescope (SPT) in 2008. Using griz imaging from the Blanco Cosmology Survey and from pointed Magellan telescope observations, as well as spectroscopy using Magellan facilities, we confirm the existence of clustered red-sequence galaxies, report red-sequence photometric redshifts, present spectroscopic redshifts for a subsample, and derive R(200) radii and M(200) masses from optical richness. The clusters span redshifts from 0.15 to greater than 1, with a median redshift of 0.74; three clusters are estimated to be at z > 1. Redshifts inferred from mean red-sequence colors exhibit 2% rms scatter in sigma(z)/(1 + z) with respect to the spectroscopic subsample for z < 1. We show that the M(200) cluster masses derived from optical richness correlate with masses derived from SPT data and agree with previously derived scaling relations to within the uncertainties. Optical and infrared imaging is an efficient means of cluster identification and redshift estimation in large SZ surveys, and exploiting the same data for richness measurements, as we have done, will be useful for constraining cluster masses and radii for large samples in cosmological analysis. C1 [High, F. W.; Stalder, B.; Rest, A.; Ruel, J.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Song, J.; Ngeow, C. -C.; Yang, Y.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.] Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, Wales. [Aird, K. A.; Hrubes, J. D.; Marrone, D.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Allam, S. S.; Buckley-Geer, E. J.; Lin, H.; Tucker, D. L.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Armstrong, R.; Desai, S.] Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Barkhouse, W. A.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Benson, B. A.; George, E. M.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Lueker, M.; Plagge, T.; Reichardt, C. L.; Shirokoff, E.; Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Gladders, M.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E. M.; Marrone, D.; McMahon, J. J.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Padin, S.; Pryke, C.; Schaffer, K. K.; Vieira, J. D.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; McMahon, J. J.; Meyer, S. S.; Pryke, C.; Schaffer, K. K.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bertin, E.] Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Bhattacharya, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Keisler, R.; Meyer, S. S.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Brodwin, M.; Challis, P.; Foley, R. J.; Loehr, A.; Stark, A. A.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Gladders, M.; Leitch, E. M.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Padin, S.; Plagge, T.; Pryke, C.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [de Haan, T.; Dobbs, M. A.; Dudley, J. P.; Holder, G. P.; Shaw, L.; Vanderlinde, K.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hamuy, M.; Morell, N.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Hansen, S. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hansen, S. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Joy, M.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, VP62, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Lee, A. T.; Spieler, H. G.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lin, Y. -T.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Univ, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [McMahon, J. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mohr, J. J.; Zenteno, A.] Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Mohr, J. J.; Zenteno, A.] Excellence Cluster Univ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Mohr, J. J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Montroy, T. E.; Ruhl, J. E.; Staniszewski, Z.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Shaw, L.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Smith, R. C.] Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Wood-Vasey, W. M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP High, FW (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, 17 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM high@physics.harvard.edu RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Williamson, Ross/H-1734-2015; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; Hamuy, Mario/G-7541-2016; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Williamson, Ross/0000-0002-6945-2975; Marrone, Daniel/0000-0002-2367-1080; Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518; Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729; Stark, Antony/0000-0002-2718-9996 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation [AST-0506752, AST-0607485, ANT-0638937, ANT-0130612, MRI-0723073]; DOE [DE-FG02-08ER41569, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NIST [70NANB8H8007]; Harvard University; Brinson Foundation; Clay fellowship FX This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This publication has made use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; This work is supported by the NSF (AST-0506752, AST-0607485, AST-0506752, ANT-0638937, ANT-0130612, MRI-0723073), the DOE (DE-FG02-08ER41569 and DE-AC02-05CH11231), NIST (70NANB8H8007), and Harvard University. B.S. and A.L. gratefully acknowledge support by the Brinson Foundation. R.J.F. acknowledges the generous support of a Clay fellowship. NR 64 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 2 BP 1736 EP 1747 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/2/1736 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678QA UT WOS:000284093700061 ER PT J AU Winn, JN Johnson, JA Howard, AW Marcy, GW Isaacson, H Shporer, A Bakos, GA Hartman, JD Albrecht, S AF Winn, Joshua N. Johnson, John Asher Howard, Andrew W. Marcy, Geoffrey W. Isaacson, Howard Shporer, Avi Bakos, Gaspar A. Hartman, Joel D. Albrecht, Simon TI THE OBLIQUE ORBIT OF THE SUPER-NEPTUNE HAT-P-11b SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; planets and satellites: formation; planet-star interactions; stars: rotation ID SPIN-ORBIT; PLANETARY SYSTEM; KEPLER FIELD; ALIGNMENT; STAR; RETROGRADE AB We find the orbit of the Neptune-sized exoplanet HAT-P-11b to be highly inclined relative to the equatorial plane of its host star. This conclusion is based on spectroscopic observations of two transits, which allowed the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect to be detected with an amplitude of 1.5 ms(-1). The sky-projected obliquity is 103(-10)(+26) deg. This is the smallest exoplanet for which spin-orbit alignment has been measured. The result favors a migration scenario involving few-body interactions followed by tidal dissipation. This finding also conforms with the pattern that the systems with the weakest tidal interactions have the widest spread in obliquities. We predict that the high obliquity of HAT-P-11 will be manifest in transit light curves from the Kepler spacecraft: starspot-crossing anomalies will recur at most once per stellar rotation period, rather than once per orbital period as they would for a well-aligned system. C1 [Winn, Joshua N.; Albrecht, Simon] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Winn, Joshua N.; Albrecht, Simon] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Johnson, John Asher] CALTECH, Dept Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Johnson, John Asher] CALTECH, NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Howard, Andrew W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Howard, Andrew W.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Isaacson, Howard] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shporer, Avi] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope Network, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Bakos, Gaspar A.; Hartman, Joel D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Winn, JN (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Howard, Andrew/D-4148-2015; OI Howard, Andrew/0000-0001-8638-0320; Hartman, Joel/0000-0001-8732-6166 FU MIT Class of 1942; NASA [NNX09AD36G, NNX08AF23G]; NSF [AST-0702843]; W. M. Keck Foundation FX We thank Norio Narita and Teruyuki Hirano for sharing their results prior to publication, and Dan Fabrycky and Scott Gaudi for helpful discussions. We acknowledge the support from the MIT Class of 1942, NASA grants NNX09AD36G (to J.N.W.) and NNX08AF23G (G.B.), and NSF grant AST-0702843 (G.B.).; The data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and NASA, and was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. We extend special thanks to those of Hawaiian ancestry on whose sacred mountain of Mauna Kea we are privileged to be guests. Without their generous hospitality, the Keck observations presented herein would not have been possible. NR 22 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 2 BP L223 EP L227 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/723/2/L223 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678TX UT WOS:000284104900019 ER PT J AU Kress, WJ Erickson, DL Swenson, NG Thompson, J Uriarte, M Zimmerman, JK AF Kress, W. John Erickson, David L. Swenson, Nathan G. Thompson, Jill Uriarte, Maria Zimmerman, Jess K. TI Advances in the Use of DNA Barcodes to Build a Community Phylogeny for Tropical Trees in a Puerto Rican Forest Dynamics Plot SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FLOWERING PLANTS; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; MECHANISMS; SEQUENCES; ALIGNMENT AB Background: Species number, functional traits, and phylogenetic history all contribute to characterizing the biological diversity in plant communities. The phylogenetic component of diversity has been particularly difficult to quantify in species-rich tropical tree assemblages. The compilation of previously published (and often incomplete) data on evolutionary relationships of species into a composite phylogeny of the taxa in a forest, through such programs as Phylomatic, has proven useful in building community phylogenies although often of limited resolution. Recently, DNA barcodes have been used to construct a robust community phylogeny for nearly 300 tree species in a forest dynamics plot in Panama using a supermatrix method. In that study sequence data from three barcode loci were used to generate a well-resolved species-level phylogeny. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we expand upon this earlier investigation and present results on the use of a phylogenetic constraint tree to generate a community phylogeny for a diverse, tropical forest dynamics plot in Puerto Rico. This enhanced method of phylogenetic reconstruction insures the congruence of the barcode phylogeny with broadly accepted hypotheses on the phylogeny of flowering plants (i.e., APG III) regardless of the number and taxonomic breadth of the taxa sampled. We also compare maximum parsimony versus maximum likelihood estimates of community phylogenetic relationships as well as evaluate the effectiveness of one-versus two-versus three-gene barcodes in resolving community evolutionary history. Conclusions/Significance: As first demonstrated in the Panamanian forest dynamics plot, the results for the Puerto Rican plot illustrate that highly resolved phylogenies derived from DNA barcode sequence data combined with a constraint tree based on APG III are particularly useful in comparative analysis of phylogenetic diversity and will enhance research on the interface between community ecology and evolution. C1 [Kress, W. John; Erickson, David L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Swenson, Nathan G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Thompson, Jill; Zimmerman, Jess K.] Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Uriarte, Maria] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Kress, WJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM kressj@si.edu RI Swenson, Nathan/A-3514-2012; Thompson, Jill/K-2200-2012; Uriarte, Maria/L-8944-2013 OI Swenson, Nathan/0000-0003-3819-9767; Thompson, Jill/0000-0002-4370-2593; FU Center for Tropical Forest Science; Smithsonian Institution Global Earth Observatories; U.S. Forest Service; University of Puerto Rico; National Science Foundation [DEB-0516066, DEB-0218039, DEB-0620910]; Mellon Foundation FX This work was supported by the Center for Tropical Forest Science, the Smithsonian Institution Global Earth Observatories, the U.S. Forest Service, the University of Puerto Rico, the National Science Foundation (DEB-0516066, DEB-0218039 and DEB-0620910), and the Mellon Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 7 U2 69 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 9 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 11 AR e15409 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015409 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 677ZE UT WOS:000284035900028 PM 21085700 ER PT J AU Ozak, N Schultz, DR Cravens, TE Kharchenko, V Hui, YW AF Ozak, N. Schultz, D. R. Cravens, T. E. Kharchenko, V. Hui, Y. -W. TI Auroral X-ray emission at Jupiter: Depth effects SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FULLY STRIPPED IONS; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; CHARGE-TRANSFER; INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; THERMAL STRUCTURE; ENERGETIC OXYGEN; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; CROSS-SECTIONS AB Auroral X-ray emissions from Jupiter with a total power of about 1 GW have been observed by the Einstein Observatory, Roentgen satellite, Chandra X-ray Observatory, and XMM-Newton. Previous theoretical studies have shown that precipitating energetic sulfur and oxygen ions can produce the observed X-rays. This study presents the results of a hybrid Monte Carlo (MC) model for sulfur and oxygen ion precipitation at high latitudes, looks at differences with the continuous slow-down model, and compares the results to synthetic spectra fitted to observations. We concentrate on the effects of altitude on the observed spectrum. The opacity of the atmosphere to the outgoing X-ray photons is found to be important for incident ion energies greater than about 1.2 MeV per nucleon for both sulfur and oxygen. Model spectra are calculated for intensities with and without any opacity effects. These synthetic spectra were compared with the results shown by Hui et al. (2010) which fit Chandra X-ray Observatory observations for the north and south Jovian auroral emissions. Quenching of long-lived excited states of the oxygen ions is found to be important. Opacity considerably diminishes the outgoing X-ray intensity calculated, particularly when the viewing geometry is not favorable. C1 [Ozak, N.; Cravens, T. E.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Schultz, D. R.; Hui, Y. -W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kharchenko, V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ozak, N (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, 1082 Malott,1251 Wescoe Hall Dr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM nojager@ku.edu FU NASA at the University of Kansas [NNX07AF47G-Phase II, NNX10AB86G]; NASA at Oak Ridge National Laboratory [NNH08AF12I] FX This work has been supported at the University of Kansas by NASA Planetary Atmospheres Grants NNX07AF47G-Phase II and NNX10AB86G and at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by NASA Grant NNH08AF12I. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 6 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A11306 DI 10.1029/2010JA015635 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 676WX UT WOS:000283950500002 ER PT J AU Negrello, M Hopwood, R De Zotti, G Cooray, A Verma, A Bock, J Frayer, DT Gurwell, MA Omont, A Neri, R Dannerbauer, H Leeuw, LL Barton, E Cooke, J Kim, S da Cunha, E Rodighiero, G Cox, P Bonfield, DG Jarvis, MJ Serjeant, S Ivison, RJ Dye, S Aretxaga, I Hughes, DH Ibar, E Bertoldi, F Valtchanov, I Eales, S Dunne, L Driver, SP Auld, R Buttiglione, S Cava, A Grady, CA Clements, DL Dariush, A Fritz, J Hill, D Hornbeck, JB Kelvin, L Lagache, G Lopez-Caniego, M Gonzalez-Nuevo, J Maddox, S Pascale, E Pohlen, M Rigby, EE Robotham, A Simpson, C Smith, DJB Temi, P Thompson, MA Woodgate, BE York, DG Aguirre, JE Beelen, A Blain, A Baker, AJ Birkinshaw, M Blundell, R Bradford, CM Burgarella, D Danese, L Dunlop, JS Fleuren, S Glenn, J Harris, AI Kamenetzky, J Lupu, RE Maddalena, RJ Madore, BF Maloney, PR Matsuhara, H Michaowski, MJ Murphy, EJ Naylor, BJ Nguyen, H Popescu, C Rawlings, S Rigopoulou, D Scott, D Scott, KS Seibert, M Smail, I Tuffs, RJ Vieira, JD van der Werf, PP Zmuidzinas, J AF Negrello, Mattia Hopwood, R. De Zotti, G. Cooray, A. Verma, A. Bock, J. Frayer, D. T. Gurwell, M. A. Omont, A. Neri, R. Dannerbauer, H. Leeuw, L. L. Barton, E. Cooke, J. Kim, S. da Cunha, E. Rodighiero, G. Cox, P. Bonfield, D. G. Jarvis, M. J. Serjeant, S. Ivison, R. J. Dye, S. Aretxaga, I. Hughes, D. H. Ibar, E. Bertoldi, F. Valtchanov, I. Eales, S. Dunne, L. Driver, S. P. Auld, R. Buttiglione, S. Cava, A. Grady, C. A. Clements, D. L. Dariush, A. Fritz, J. Hill, D. Hornbeck, J. B. Kelvin, L. Lagache, G. Lopez-Caniego, M. Gonzalez-Nuevo, J. Maddox, S. Pascale, E. Pohlen, M. Rigby, E. E. Robotham, A. Simpson, C. Smith, D. J. B. Temi, P. Thompson, M. A. Woodgate, B. E. York, D. G. Aguirre, J. E. Beelen, A. Blain, A. Baker, A. J. Birkinshaw, M. Blundell, R. Bradford, C. M. Burgarella, D. Danese, L. Dunlop, J. S. Fleuren, S. Glenn, J. Harris, A. I. Kamenetzky, J. Lupu, R. E. Maddalena, R. J. Madore, B. F. Maloney, P. R. Matsuhara, H. Michaowski, M. J. Murphy, E. J. Naylor, B. J. Nguyen, H. Popescu, C. Rawlings, S. Rigopoulou, D. Scott, D. Scott, K. S. Seibert, M. Smail, I. Tuffs, R. J. Vieira, J. D. van der Werf, P. P. Zmuidzinas, J. TI The Detection of a Population of Submillimeter-Bright, Strongly Lensed Galaxies SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EXTRAGALACTIC SOURCES; REDSHIFT DEADLOCK; STAR-FORMATION; PREDICTIONS; TELESCOPE; EMISSION; CATALOG; COUNTS; QUASAR; FIELD AB Gravitational lensing is a powerful astrophysical and cosmological probe and is particularly valuable at submillimeter wavelengths for the study of the statistical and individual properties of dusty star-forming galaxies. However, the identification of gravitational lenses is often time-intensive, involving the sifting of large volumes of imaging or spectroscopic data to find few candidates. We used early data from the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey to demonstrate that wide-area submillimeter surveys can simply and easily detect strong gravitational lensing events, with close to 100% efficiency. C1 [Negrello, Mattia; Hopwood, R.; Serjeant, S.] Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [De Zotti, G.; Buttiglione, S.] Osserv Astron Padova, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [De Zotti, G.; Gonzalez-Nuevo, J.; Danese, L.] Scuola Int Super Studi Avanzati, I-34136 Trieste, Italy. [Cooray, A.; Barton, E.; Cooke, J.; Kim, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Verma, A.; Rawlings, S.; Rigopoulou, D.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Bock, J.; Bradford, C. M.; Naylor, B. J.; Nguyen, H.; Zmuidzinas, J.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91009 USA. [Bock, J.; Cooke, J.; Blain, A.; Bradford, C. M.; Vieira, J. D.; Zmuidzinas, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Frayer, D. T.; Maddalena, R. J.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. [Gurwell, M. A.; Blundell, R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Omont, A.] Univ Paris 06, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Omont, A.] CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France. [Neri, R.; Cox, P.] Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. [Dannerbauer, H.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab Astrophys Instrumentat & Modelisat Paris Sard, Direct Sci Matiere,CEA,CNRS,Serv Astrophys, Inst Rech Lois Fondamentales Universe,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Leeuw, L. L.] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Phys, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. [Leeuw, L. L.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [da Cunha, E.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Greece. [Rodighiero, G.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Bonfield, D. G.; Jarvis, M. J.; Thompson, M. A.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sci & Technol Res Inst, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Ivison, R. J.; Ibar, E.; Dunlop, J. S.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Ivison, R. J.; Michaowski, M. J.; van der Werf, P. P.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Dye, S.; Eales, S.; Auld, R.; Dariush, A.; Pascale, E.; Pohlen, M.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Aretxaga, I.; Hughes, D. H.] Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla 72000, Mexico. [Bertoldi, F.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Valtchanov, I.] European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, Herschel Sci Ctr, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Dunne, L.; Maddox, S.; Rigby, E. E.; Smith, D. J. B.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Driver, S. P.; Hill, D.; Kelvin, L.; Robotham, A.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Cava, A.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. [Cava, A.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain. [Grady, C. A.] Eureka Sci, Oakland, CA 94602 USA. [Grady, C. A.; Woodgate, B. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Clements, D. L.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Dept Phys, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Fritz, J.] Univ Ghent, Sterrenkundig Observ, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Hornbeck, J. B.] Univ Louisville, Dept Phys & Astron, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Lagache, G.] Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Lagache, G.; Beelen, A.] Univ Paris 11, F-91400 Orsay, France. [Lagache, G.; Beelen, A.] CNRS, UMR 8617, F-91400 Orsay, France. [Lopez-Caniego, M.] Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. [Simpson, C.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. [Temi, P.] NASA, Astrophys Branch, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [York, D. G.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [York, D. G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Aguirre, J. E.; Lupu, R. E.; Scott, K. S.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Baker, A. J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Birkinshaw, M.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Burgarella, D.] CNRS, UMR6110, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Burgarella, D.] Aix Marseille Univ, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Fleuren, S.] Univ London, Sch Math Sci, London E1 4NS, England. [Glenn, J.; Kamenetzky, J.; Maloney, P. R.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Harris, A. I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Madore, B. F.; Seibert, M.] Observ Camegie Inst, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Matsuhara, H.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Murphy, E. J.] CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Popescu, C.] Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. [Rigopoulou, D.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Scott, D.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Smail, I.] Univ Durham, Inst Computat Cosmol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Tuffs, R. J.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [van der Werf, P. P.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Negrello, M (reprint author), Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. EM m.negrello@open.ac.uk RI Woodgate, Bruce/D-2970-2012; Lopez-Caniego, Marcos/M-4695-2013; Smail, Ian/M-5161-2013; Robotham, Aaron/H-5733-2014; Lupu, Roxana/P-9060-2014; Gonzalez-Nuevo, Joaquin/I-3562-2014; Driver, Simon/H-9115-2014; Ivison, R./G-4450-2011; Cava, Antonio/C-5274-2017; OI Lopez-Caniego, Marcos/0000-0003-1016-9283; Dye, Simon/0000-0002-1318-8343; Smith, Daniel/0000-0001-9708-253X; Rodighiero, Giulia/0000-0002-9415-2296; da Cunha, Elisabete/0000-0001-9759-4797; Smail, Ian/0000-0003-3037-257X; Robotham, Aaron/0000-0003-0429-3579; Lupu, Roxana/0000-0003-3444-5908; Gonzalez-Nuevo, Joaquin/0000-0003-1354-6822; Driver, Simon/0000-0001-9491-7327; Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313; Cava, Antonio/0000-0002-4821-1275; Maddox, Stephen/0000-0001-5549-195X; Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840 FU NASA through a contract from JPL; Science and Technology Facilities Council [PP/D002400/1, ST/G002533/1, SF/F005288/1]; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) [I/016/07/0 COFIS]; ASI/Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica [I/072/09/0]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog a (CONACyT) [39953-F, 39548-F]; W.M. Keck Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica; Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU)/CNRS (France); Max Planck Society (MPG) (Germany); Instituto Geogrifico Nacional (IGN) (Spain); NSF [AST-0807990, AST-0239270, AST-0503946, AST-0708653]; CSO NSF [AST-0838261]; NASA SARA [NAGS-11911, NAGS-12788]; Research Corporation Award [RI0928]; JPL; California Institute of Technology FX Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led principal investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA. U. S. participants in H-ATLAS acknowledge support from NASA through a contract from JPL. This work was supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (grants PP/D002400/1 and ST/G002533/1) and studentship SF/F005288/1. We thank Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) for funding through contract No. I/016/07/0 COFIS and ASI/Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica agreement I/072/09/0 for the Planck Low-Frequency Instrument (LFI) Activity of Phase E2. Research supported in part by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog a (CONACyT) grants 39953-F and 39548-F. The W. M. Keck Observatory is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and NASA. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W.M. Keck Foundation. The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. IRAM is supported by Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU)/CNRS (France), Max Planck Society (MPG) (Germany), and Instituto Geogrifico Nacional (IGN) (Spain). Z-spec was supported by NSF grant AST-0807990 to J. A. and by the CSO NSF Cooperative Agreement AST-0838261. Support was provided to J. K. by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. Z-spec was constructed under NASA SARA grants NAGS-11911 and NAGS-12788 and an NSF Career grant (AST-0239270) and a Research Corporation Award (RI0928) to J. G., in collaboration with JPL, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Construction of and observations with the Zpectrometer have been supported by NSF grants AST-0503946 and AST-0708653. NRAO is a facility of the NSF operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities. The optical spectroscopic redshift of ID130 was derived from observations obtained with the Apache Point Observatory 3.5-m telescope, which is owned and operated by the Astrophysical Research Consortium. The optical spectroscopic redshifts of ID9 and ID11 were obtained with the William Herschel Telescope, which is operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. For the use of Keck, SMA, and CSO, the authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very important cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. NR 49 TC 182 Z9 182 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 5 PY 2010 VL 330 IS 6005 BP 800 EP 804 DI 10.1126/science.1193420 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 675SY UT WOS:000283855700037 PM 21051633 ER PT J AU Valsecchi, F Glebbeek, E Farr, WM Fragos, T Willems, B Orosz, JA Liu, JF Kalogera, V AF Valsecchi, Francesca Glebbeek, Evert Farr, Will M. Fragos, Tassos Willems, Bart Orosz, Jerome A. Liu, Jifeng Kalogera, Vassiliki TI Formation of the black-hole binary M33 X-7 through mass exchange in a tight massive system SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY BINARY; ECLIPSING BINARY; EVOLUTION; STARS; M-33; ACCRETION; SPIN AB The X-ray source M33 X-7 in the nearby galaxy Messier 33 is among the most massive X-ray binary stellar systems known, hosting a rapidly spinning, 15.65M(circle dot) black hole orbiting an underluminous, 70M(circle dot) main-sequence companion in a slightly eccentric 3.45-day orbit(1,2) (M(circle dot), solar mass). Although post-main-sequence mass transfer explains the masses and tight orbit(3), it leaves unexplained the observed X-ray luminosity, the star's underluminosity, the black hole's spin and the orbital eccentricity. A common envelope phase(1), or rotational mixing(4), could explain the orbit, but the former would lead to a merger and the latter to an overluminous companion. A merger would also ensue if mass transfer to the black hole were invoked for its spin-up(5). Here we report simulations of evolutionary tracks which reveal that if M33 X-7 started as a primary body of 85M(circle dot)-99M(circle dot) and a secondary body of 28M(circle dot)-32M(circle dot), in a 2.8-3.1-d orbit, its observed properties can be consistently explained. In this model, the main-sequence primary transfers part of its envelope to the secondary and loses the rest in a wind; it ends its life as a 16M(circle dot) helium star with an iron-nickel core that collapses to a black hole (with or without an accompanying supernova). The release of binding energy, and possibly collapse asymmetries, 'kick' the nascent black hole into an eccentric orbit. Wind accretion explains the X-ray luminosity, and the black-hole spin can be natal. C1 [Valsecchi, Francesca; Farr, Will M.; Fragos, Tassos; Willems, Bart; Kalogera, Vassiliki] Northwestern Univ, CIERA, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Valsecchi, Francesca; Farr, Will M.; Fragos, Tassos; Willems, Bart; Kalogera, Vassiliki] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Glebbeek, Evert] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Orosz, Jerome A.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Liu, Jifeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Fragos, Tassos; Liu, Jifeng] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Valsecchi, F (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, CIERA, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM francesca@u.northwestern.edu NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 4 PY 2010 VL 468 IS 7320 BP 77 EP 79 DI 10.1038/nature09463 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 674YF UT WOS:000283786900038 PM 20962778 ER PT J AU Salawitch, RJ Canty, T Kurosu, T Chance, K Liang, Q da Silva, A Pawson, S Nielsen, JE Rodriguez, JM Bhartia, PK Liu, X Huey, LG Liao, J Stickel, RE Tanner, DJ Dibb, JE Simpson, WR Donohoue, D Weinheimer, A Flocke, F Knapp, D Montzka, D Neuman, JA Nowak, JB Ryerson, TB Oltmans, S Blake, DR Atlas, EL Kinnison, DE Tilmes, S Pan, LL Hendrick, F Van Roozendael, M Kreher, K Johnston, PV Gao, RS Johnson, B Bui, TP Chen, G Pierce, RB Crawford, JH Jacob, DJ AF Salawitch, R. J. Canty, T. Kurosu, T. Chance, K. Liang, Q. da Silva, A. Pawson, S. Nielsen, J. E. Rodriguez, J. M. Bhartia, P. K. Liu, X. Huey, L. G. Liao, J. Stickel, R. E. Tanner, D. J. Dibb, J. E. Simpson, W. R. Donohoue, D. Weinheimer, A. Flocke, F. Knapp, D. Montzka, D. Neuman, J. A. Nowak, J. B. Ryerson, T. B. Oltmans, S. Blake, D. R. Atlas, E. L. Kinnison, D. E. Tilmes, S. Pan, L. L. Hendrick, F. Van Roozendael, M. Kreher, K. Johnston, P. V. Gao, R. S. Johnson, B. Bui, T. P. Chen, G. Pierce, R. B. Crawford, J. H. Jacob, D. J. TI A new interpretation of total column BrO during Arctic spring SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOWER STRATOSPHERE; BROMINE MONOXIDE; TROPOSPHERIC BRO; OZONE DEPLETION; POLAR SUNRISE; LAYER; GOME; CLIMATOLOGY; CHEMISTRY; CANADA AB Emission of bromine from sea-salt aerosol, frost flowers, ice leads, and snow results in the nearly complete removal of surface ozone during Arctic spring. Regions of enhanced total column BrO observed by satellites have traditionally been associated with these emissions. However, airborne measurements of BrO and O-3 within the convective boundary layer (CBL) during the ARCTAS and ARCPAC field campaigns at times bear little relation to enhanced column BrO. We show that the locations of numerous satellite BrO "hotspots" during Arctic spring are consistent with observations of total column ozone and tropopause height, suggesting a stratospheric origin to these regions of elevated BrO. Tropospheric enhancements of BrO large enough to affect the column abundance are also observed, with important contributions originating from above the CBL. Closure of the budget for total column BrO, albeit with significant uncertainty, is achieved by summing observed tropospheric partial columns with calculated stratospheric partial columns provided that natural, short-lived biogenic bromocarbons supply between 5 and 10 ppt of bromine to the Arctic lowermost stratosphere. Proper understanding of bromine and its effects on atmospheric composition requires accurate treatment of geographic variations in column BrO originating from both the stratosphere and troposphere. Citation: Salawitch, R. J., et al. (2010), A new interpretation of total column BrO during Arctic spring, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21805, doi:10.1029/2010GL043798. C1 [Salawitch, R. J.; Canty, T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Salawitch, R. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Salawitch, R. J.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kurosu, T.; Chance, K.; Liu, X.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Liang, Q.; Liu, X.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [da Silva, A.; Pawson, S.; Rodriguez, J. M.; Bhartia, P. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Nielsen, J. E.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Huey, L. G.; Liao, J.; Stickel, R. E.; Tanner, D. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Simpson, W. R.; Donohoue, D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Weinheimer, A.; Flocke, F.; Knapp, D.; Montzka, D.; Kinnison, D. E.; Tilmes, S.; Pan, L. L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.; Ryerson, T. B.; Oltmans, S.; Gao, R. S.; Johnson, B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hendrick, F.; Van Roozendael, M.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Kreher, K.; Johnston, P. V.] NIWA Lauder, Omakau, New Zealand. [Bui, T. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Chen, G.; Crawford, J. H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Pierce, R. B.] NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Salawitch, RJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 2403 Comp & Space Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rjs@atmos.umd.edu RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Simpson, William/I-2859-2014; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Rodriguez, Jose/G-3751-2013; Liao, Jin/H-4865-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Pan, Laura/A-9296-2008; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Liang, Qing/B-1276-2011; Canty, Timothy/F-2631-2010; Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; da Silva, Arlindo/D-6301-2012 OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Simpson, William/0000-0002-8596-7290; Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577; Rodriguez, Jose/0000-0002-1902-4649; Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; Pan, Laura/0000-0001-7377-2114; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Canty, Timothy/0000-0003-0618-056X; Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; da Silva, Arlindo/0000-0002-3381-4030 FU ARCTAS; ACMAP; Aura; MAP; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; ARCPAC National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation; PRODEX; EC [FP6-2005-Global-4-036677, 226224-FP7-ENV-2008-1] FX Research of many of the investigators has been supported by the ARCTAS, ACMAP, Aura, MAP, and Tropospheric Chemistry programs of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the ARCPAC program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the START08 program of the National Science Foundation. The ground-based BrO activities at the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB) are funded by the PRODEX contract SECPEA and the EC projects GEOmon (FP6-2005-Global-4-036677) and SHIVA (226224-FP7-ENV-2008-1); BIRA-IASB thanks M. P. Chipperfield for providing SLIMCAT output used in the retrieval. We thank the pilots, flight crews, and OMI scientific leadership and data processing teams for their wonderful efforts. We appreciate the three extensive and careful reviews that led to a much improved manuscript. NR 29 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L21805 DI 10.1029/2010GL043798 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 676TO UT WOS:000283941700001 ER PT J AU Frazier, J Matyot, P AF Frazier, J. Matyot, Pat TI On the identity of Monsieur Dussumier's Dutch tortoise and the lectotype of Testudo dussumieri Gray, 1831 SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Aldabra tortoise; lectotype; prevailing name; Seychelles; Testudo dussumieri; Testudo elephantina; Testudo gigantea ID GEOCHELONE ALDABRACHELYS GIGANTEA; PROPOSED CONSERVATION; GIANT TORTOISES; INDIAN-OCEAN; SCHWEIGGER; REPTILIA; USAGE; TESTUDINIDAE; DIPSOCHELYS; MITOCHONDRIAL AB Although it was forgotten for over a century, the binomen Testudo dussumieri Gray, 1831, is an available name, and the specimen RMNH 3231 deposited in the natural history museum of Leiden - evidently one of the two original syntypes of T. dussumieri - has been designated as the lectotype of this taxon. Recently several authors have actively promoted this as the name-bearing type for the Aldabra tortoise, escalating debates in which this chelonian has been immersed for nearly two decades. This lectotype designation is highly significant to nomenclatural and taxonomic disputes regarding tortoises (Testudinidae), living and extinct, from the western Indian Ocean; and an attempt has been made in this paper to compile all information relevant to the lectotype as well as to better understand the history of the binomen applied to it. Several critical aspects of the history are uncertain and open to speculation. The provenance of RMNH 3231 is unknown and unlikely to be Aldabra Atoll; the specimen was most likely collected in the granitic Seychelles, between 1823 and 1829. The combination of estimated date and locality of collection raises the possibility that the lectotype is not an Aldabra tortoise, but rather an extinct taxon from the granitic Seychelles. It is concluded that RMNH 3231 is not a suitable name-bearing type for the Aldabra tortoise, and the continued use of the name T. dussumieri will cause persistent nomenclatural and taxonomic confusion and unending debate. C1 [Frazier, J.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Matyot, Pat] SIF, Mahe, Seychelles. RP Frazier, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM kurma@shentel.net NR 127 TC 1 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD NOV 3 PY 2010 IS 2665 BP 29 EP 50 PG 22 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 677SA UT WOS:000284010900002 ER PT J AU Nicole, S Barcaccia, G Erickson, DL Salmaso, M Kress, WJ Lucchin, M AF Nicole, S. Barcaccia, G. Erickson, D. L. Salmaso, M. Kress, W. J. Lucchin, M. TI DNA barcoding and its potentials for the genetic identification of grapevine cultivars SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th International Biotechnology Symposium and Exhibition (IBS-2008) CY SEP 14-18, 2010 CL Rimini, ITALY DE Vitis vinifera; DNA barcoding; genetic diversity; cultivar traceability C1 [Nicole, S.; Barcaccia, G.; Salmaso, M.; Lucchin, M.] Univ Padua, I-35100 Padua, Italy. [Erickson, D. L.; Kress, W. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 150 SU 1 BP S111 EP S111 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.286 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 741OQ UT WOS:000288873400269 ER PT J AU Hollweg, TA Gilmour, CC Mason, RP AF Hollweg, T. A. Gilmour, C. C. Mason, R. P. TI Mercury and methylmercury cycling in sediments of the mid-Atlantic continental shelf and slope SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; NORTHERN ADRIATIC SEA; REDUCED SULFUR GROUPS; METHYL-MERCURY; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; BENTHIC FLUXES; WATER EXCHANGE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; THAU LAGOON AB We present a detailed study of the biogeochemical factors controlling mercury (Hg) distribution, methylmercury (MeHg) production, and MeHg efflux in sediments of the mid-Atlantic continental shelf and slope. The mildly reduced surface sediments of the shelf and slope provide ideal conditions for MeHg production. They are sufficiently reduced to support microbial sulfate reduction, but contain very low dissolved sulfide concentrations. The redox zonation of sediments determined the depth distribution of MeHg production, whereas the bioavailability of inorganic Hg for methylation appeared to be the dominant driver of spatial patterns across the shelf and slope. Sediment total Hg concentrations were well predicted by sediment organic matter (SOM) content, with the highest concentrations of Hg and MeHg in the fine-grained organic clays of the slope. However, SOM-normalized Hg concentrations decreased with distance from shore. The changing character of organic matter with distance from shore appeared to affect Hg partitioning and bioavailability for methylation. The percentage of Hg in sediments as MeHg was well predicted by measured methylation rates, but not by demethylation rates. On the basis of measured concentrations in bottom waters and surficial pore waters, the average diffusive efflux of Hg(II) and MeHg from sediments to coastal waters was estimated to be 26 and 0.8 pmol m(-2) d(-1), respectively. Extrapolated globally, the diffusive input of MeHg from shelf and slope sediments is estimated to be 0.01 Mmol per year. As the actual fluxes can be substantially higher than diffusive fluxes, we suggest that shelf and upper slope sediments are a major source of MeHg to the coastal ocean. C1 [Gilmour, C. C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Hollweg, T. A.; Mason, R. P.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Gilmour, CC (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM gilmourc@si.edu RI Gilmour, Cynthia/G-1784-2010 OI Gilmour, Cynthia/0000-0002-1720-9498 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0351050]; SERC; Environmental Protection Agency; William A. Lund, Jr., Fellowship; Smithsonian Marine Sciences Network FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) 0351050 to R.P.M. and C.C.G.; and the SERC Research Experience for Undergraduates Program, by the Environmental Protection Agency STAR graduate fellowship and the William A. Lund, Jr., Fellowship to T.A.H., and by the Smithsonian Marine Sciences Network. NR 92 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2703 EP 2722 DI 10.4319/lo.2010.55.6.2703 PG 20 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 728AE UT WOS:000287844700038 ER PT J AU Chaves, JC Cuervo, AM Miller, MJ Cadena, CD AF Camilo Chaves, Juan Cuervo, Andres M. Miller, Matthew J. Daniel Cadena, Carlos TI REVISING SPECIES LIMITS IN A GROUP OF MYRMECIZA ANTBIRDS REVEALS A CRYPTIC SPECIES WITHIN M. LAEMOSTICTA (THAMNOPHILIDAE) SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE antbirds; loudsong; Myrmeciza laemosticta; neotropical birds; species delimitation; systematics; vocal characters ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; PASSERIFORMES; AVES; VOCALIZATIONS; COMPLEX; BIRDS; DIFFERENTIATION; CLASSIFICATION; HYPOCNEMIS; SPECIATION AB The magnitude of differentiation in vocal signals examined in a phylogenetic context has helped uncover cryptic diversity in subsocine passerines such as the antbirds (Thamnophilidae). On the basis of variation in 14 acoustic traits of loudsongs and a phylogenetic hypothesis inferred from a mitochondrial gene tree, we investigated species limits in a group of trans-Andean Myrmeciza antbirds with a convoluted taxonomic history (M. I. laemosticta, M. I. palliata, M. nigricauda, and M. berlepschi). Diagnostic differences in three vocal traits suggest that the two subspecies of the Dull-mantled Antbird (M. I. laemosticta and M. I. palliata) should be treated as distinct species. We present evidence that only two diagnosable vocal characters may be sufficient for two populations to be considered distinct species in this group. The vocal results are consistent with the molecular phylogenetic analysis, which revealed a long independent history of isolation of M. I. laemosticta from M. I. palliata, roughly congruent with the divergence observed between species currently recognized in this assemblage. We propose elevating the Magdalena Antbird (M. palliata) to species rank and thus that four species be recognized in the M. laemosticta complex. C1 [Camilo Chaves, Juan; Daniel Cadena, Carlos] Univ Los Andes, Lab Biol Evolutiva Vertebrados, Dept Ciencias Biol, Bogota, Colombia. [Cuervo, Andres M.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Cuervo, Andres M.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Miller, Matthew J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Chaves, JC (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Lab Biol Evolutiva Vertebrados, Dept Ciencias Biol, Cr 1 18A-10, Bogota, Colombia. EM acuerv1@tigers.lsu.edu RI Cuervo, Andres/B-6259-2012; OI Miller, Matthew/0000-0002-2939-0239 FU Facultad de Ciencias; National Science Foundation [DEB-910285, DEB-0841729]; Lewis and Clark Exploration Fund; Wilson Ornithological Society; American Ornithologists' Union; Society of Systematic Biologists; American Museum of Natural History; Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology; Idea Wild; Louisiana State University BioGrads; Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Sciences Birdathon; Universidad de los Andes FX We are grateful to M. L. Isler for his valuable help with recordings and useful comments at several stages of this project. For help with field work., we thank M. C. Carrasquilla, E. Cortes, R. Gaviria, J. D. Ramirez, and J. G. Garces. A. Baquero, A. Dorado, I. Medina, C. Pedraza, A. Navas, E. Valderrama, and F. Velasquez provided valuable assistance with data collection and analyses. Sound recordings were kindly provided by N. Athanas, M. L. Isler, O. Laverde, J. Moore, B. Whitney, and contributors to www.xeno-canto.org. We thank F. G. Stiles for allowing us to study specimens at the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, G. Bravo and R. Brumfield for letting us consult their unpublished antbird phylogeny, and B. Whitney and an anonymous reviewer for suggestions that improved the manuscript. We appreciate the support of scientific collections and the authorities of each country that make studies such as this possible. This research was financially supported by funds from the Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes (JCC, CDC), National Science Foundation (DEB-910285 to R. Brumfield and AMC, and DEB-0841729 to R. Brumfield), Lewis and Clark Exploration Fund, Wilson Ornithological Society, American Ornithologists' Union, Society of Systematic Biologists, Chapman Fund of the American Museum of Natural History, Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology, Idea Wild, Louisiana State University BioGrads, and the Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Sciences Birdathon (AMC). NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2010 VL 112 IS 4 BP 718 EP 730 DI 10.1525/cond.2010.100098 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 700HD UT WOS:000285727700011 ER PT J AU Greenberg, R Matsuoka, SM AF Greenberg, Russell Matsuoka, Steven M. TI SPECIAL SECTION: RANGEWIDE ECOLOGY OF THE DECLINING RUSTY BLACKBIRD RUSTY BLACKBIRD: MYSTERIES OF A SPECIES IN DECLINE SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE boreal wetlands; breeding ecology; Euphagus carolinus; range-wide conservation; Rusty Blackbird; winter ecology; wooded wetlands ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; BIRD AB The Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) breeds across the boreal forest zone of North America and winters throughout the eastern United States. Over the past four decades, the North American Breeding Bird Survey and the Christmas Bird Count have shown high rates of population decline ranging from approximately 5 to 12% per year. Regional surveys suggest declines and range retractions in the southern boreal zone. Analyses of historical accounts suggest that the Rusty Blackbird's abundance has been dropping steadily for over a century. A number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the decline. The species relies on wooded wetlands throughout the year, so loss and degradation of these habitats-particularly in the winter range-is a prime suspect. Blackbird-control programs may have contributed. In recent decades, habitat disturbance, global warming, and environmental contamination in the boreal zone may have taken their toll on breeding populations. In 2005, the International Rusty Blackbird Working Group was formed to develop research efforts toward understanding the mysterious decline. This special section presents the group's research findings-the first on the species' use of breeding and winter habitat, reproductive success, parasite prevalence, patterns of molt, and migratory connectivity. Data on the levels of methylmercury in tissues and the role of timber management on reproductive success are intriguing. We outline research needed for assessment of the roles of various factors in causing the decline of the Rusty Blackbird. C1 [Greenberg, Russell] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Matsuoka, Steven M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Greenberg, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM greenbergr@si.edu NR 50 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 34 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2010 VL 112 IS 4 BP 770 EP 777 DI 10.1525/cond.2010.100153 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 700HD UT WOS:000285727700016 ER PT J AU Hobson, KA Greenberg, R Van Wilgenburg, SL Mettke-Hofmann, C AF Hobson, Keith A. Greenberg, Russell Van Wilgenburg, Steven L. Mettke-Hofmann, Claudia TI MIGRATORY CONNECTIVITY IN THE RUSTY BLACKBIRD: ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE FROM FEATHERS OF HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY SPECIMENS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE deuterium; Euphagus carolinus; migratory connectivity; Rusty Blackbird; stable isotopes ID LONG-TERM; STABLE HYDROGEN; DELTA-D; ALASKA; WETLANDS; ANIMALS; ORIGINS; RATIOS; WINTER; BIRD AB The Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) has declined dramatically across its range in North America since at least the 1960s, but the causes for this decline are unknown. We measured ratios of stable hydrogen isotopes (delta D) in feathers collected from Rusty Blackbirds wintering in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (n = 255 birds) and the coastal plain of South Carolina and Virginia (n = 281 birds), 2005-2009, to estimate the region of origin of birds wintering west and east of the Appalachians, respectively. We also measured delta D values in feathers from all available museum specimens collected from 1879 to 1990 in these same two regions (n = 190 birds). Isotopic values support migratory connectivity in this species with breeding populations in the western and central boreal forest migrating through a central or Mississippi flyway and those breeding in the eastern boreal forest migrating to a winter range east of the Appalachians. We detected little long-term change in the breeding origins of modern and historical populations wintering east and west of the Appalachians. However, we found short-term temporal variability in the breeding origins of birds wintering on the coastal plain from 2007 to 2009. The migratory divide suggests that efforts at management should be tailored to at least eastern and western subpopulations on both the breeding and wintering grounds. Our approach can be applied to a broad range of migratory species in North America and on other continents. C1 [Hobson, Keith A.] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Greenberg, Russell; Mettke-Hofmann, Claudia] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Van Wilgenburg, Steven L.] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. RP Hobson, KA (reprint author), Environm Canada, 11 Innovat Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. EM keith.hobson@ec.gc.ca FU Environment Canada; Western Boreal Conservation Initiative; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Canadian Wildlife Service, Friends of the National Zoo; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Andechs; German Ethological Society; Society for Tropical Ornithology; Arthur-von-Gwinner Foundation FX Feathers were provided by Steve Matsuoka from Anchorage, Alaska, Dan Twedt from Tensas River NWR, Louisiana, and Jason D. Luscier from Arkansas. Samples were provided by Jacob Armiger from Virginia and by Patty Newell from the Atlantic coastal plain. We thank the curators of all the museums who provided us with historic samples: National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution; Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science; American Museum of Natural History; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley; Georgia Museum of Natural History; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; University of Kansas Natural History Museum; North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle; Mississippi Museum of Natural Science. We thank the U.S. Forest Service, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods, and the Theodore Roosevelt NWR Complex for providing housing, and logistical support. The Yazoo NWR Complex, Leroy Percy State Park, Delta National Forest, Delta Research and Extension Center, Frederick Ballard, and other farmers kindly permitted us to work on their refuges and lands. We very much thank our field assistants Kathryn Hayden, Catherine Ricketts, and Gerhard Hofmann. Blanca Mora Alvarez prepared feathers for analysis. Len Wassenaar provided expert assistance with the isotopic measurement of feathers. Funding was provided by an operating grant to KAH from Environment Canada and the Western Boreal Conservation Initiative. Research, assistants, travel and material were supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Canadian Wildlife Service, Friends of the National Zoo, the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Andechs, the German Ethological Society, the Society for Tropical Ornithology, and the Arthur-von-Gwinner Foundation. The paper benefited from the constructive comments of Steve Matsuoka and two anonymous reviewers. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2010 VL 112 IS 4 BP 778 EP 788 DI 10.1525/cond.2010.100146 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 700HD UT WOS:000285727700017 ER PT J AU Mettke-Hofmann, C Sinclair, PH Hamel, PB Greenberg, R AF Mettke-Hofmann, Claudia Sinclair, Pamela H. Hamel, Paul B. Greenberg, Russell TI IMPLICATIONS OF PREBASIC AND A PREVIOUSLY UNDESCRIBED PREALTERNATE MOLT FOR AGING RUSTY BLACKBIRDS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE age determination; Euphagus carolinus; Icteridae; molt limit; prealternate molt; prebasic molt; Rusty Blackbird ID WINTERING GROUNDS; STABLE-ISOTOPES AB Aging birds often relies on differences in plumage between immatures and adults, and understanding these patterns can improve our ability to discern demographic patterns within populations. We investigated patterns of prebasic molt of the Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) in fall at Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, and developed a new technique for aging based on characteristics of the head plumage acquired during prebasic molt. Furthermore, we investigated the possibility of a prealternate molt among wintering Rusty Blackbirds on the basis of captures in Mississippi and museum specimens from across the species' winter range. Finally, we examined how a prealternate molt might affect the aging of winter birds by plumage. Rusty Blackbirds completed their prebasic molt by the end of September, and immature birds had a more prominent eye ring and a paler chin than adults, allowing a reliable age determination. Previously, the Rusty Blackbird was thought to attain its breeding plumage through feather wear exclusively, but we discovered a partial prealternate molt in our examinations of live captures (76% molting) and museum specimens (59% molting). The prealternate molt was observed in all age and sex classes, was concentrated along the feather tracts of the head, and peaked in occurrence from mid-February to mid-March, when nearly 90% of birds were molting. Between mid-December and mid-February, the prealternate molt did not appear to interfere with aging birds in the hand by the pattern of the eye ring and chin in basic plumage. Age determination later in the spring, however, remains to be investigated. C1 [Mettke-Hofmann, Claudia] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Nat Sci & Psychol, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. [Mettke-Hofmann, Claudia; Greenberg, Russell] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Sinclair, Pamela H.] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5B7, Canada. [Hamel, Paul B.] US Forest Serv, So Hardwood Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Mettke-Hofmann, C (reprint author), Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Nat Sci & Psychol, James Parsons Bldg,Byrom St, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. EM c.c.mettke-hofmann@ljmu.ac.uk FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Canadian Wildlife Service; Friends of the National Zoo; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Andechs; German Ethological Society; Society for Tropical Ornithology; Arthur-von-Gwinner Foundation FX We thank the USDA Forest Service's Center for Bottomland Hardwoods and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) Complex for providing us housing and logistical support. The Mississippi Museum of Natural Science, Jackson; University of Mississippi, Oxford; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC; and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, kindly provided museum specimens. The Theodore Roosevelt NWR Complex, Leroy Percy State Park, Delta National Forest, Delta Research and Extension Center, Frederick Ballard, and other farmers kindly permitted our work on their lands. We very much thank our field assistants Kathryn Hayden, Catherine Ricketts, Diane Likata, Kevin Wright, and Gerhard Hofmann. We also thank Katie Aitken, Debbie van de Wetering, Albert Creek Bird Observatory, and Teslin Lake Bird Observatory for assistance with the Yukon work. This project was generously funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey (Quick Response Grant), the Canadian Wildlife Service, Friends of the National Zoo, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Andechs, German Ethological Society, Society for Tropical Ornithology, and Arthur-von-Gwinner Foundation. We greatly thank Dean Demarest and Sam Droege for their continuous support. Bob Mulvihill, Steve Matsuoka, and an anonymous referee provided helpful comments. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2010 VL 112 IS 4 BP 854 EP 861 DI 10.1525/cond.2010.100150 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 700HD UT WOS:000285727700025 ER PT J AU Mora, A Parra, M Strecker, MR Sobel, ER Zeilinger, G Jaramillo, C Da Silva, SF Blanco, M AF Mora, Andres Parra, Mauricio Strecker, Manfred R. Sobel, Edward R. Zeilinger, Gerold Jaramillo, Carlos Ferreira Da Silva, Silane Blanco, Mauricio TI The eastern foothills of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: An example of multiple factors controlling structural styles and active tectonics SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID THRUST BELTS; ACCRETIONARY WEDGES; NORTHERN ANDES; EVOLUTION; BASIN; FOLDS; DEFORMATION; PLATE; KINEMATICS; MECHANICS AB We decipher the geometry, timing, and kinematics of deformation of a region in the eastern foothills of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. We assess the influence of inherited structural fabrics, changes in basin geometry, erosional denudation, and the characteristics of the tectonic stress field with respect to the evolution of the structural styles of the deformation front in the Eastern Cordillera. Detailed structural and geomorphic mapping of an area of similar to 5000 km(2), analysis of seismic-reflection profiles, cross-section balancing, tectonic stress-field indicators, and new apatite fission-track data are used to characterize the partitioning of Late Cenozoic deformation in the eastern foothills of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. During the late Miocene-Pliocene, in the Eastern Cordillera, deformation migrated from inverted master normal faults to low-elevation, low-amplitude structures in the foreland. However, this shift in the locus of deformation was not spatially uniform. The deformation front is wider in a northern sector of the Cordilleran foothills, where sedimentary units are thicker, and shortening is perpendicular to the structures. This shortening direction is identical to the direction of the greatest horizontal stress S(Hmax) as seen in borehole breakouts. During the late Miocene-Pliocene, basement ranges are passively uplifted by younger, more frontal thrusts. The eastern foothills of the Eastern Cordillera thus reveal a complex combination of factors responsible for the structural styles and partitioning of active deformation in an inversion orogen. Over time, the most important factor changes, from the role of inherited structural fabrics to the geometries of basin fills. C1 [Mora, Andres; Parra, Mauricio; Strecker, Manfred R.; Sobel, Edward R.; Zeilinger, Gerold] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geowissensch, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Mora, Andres] Ecopetrol ICP, Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia. [Jaramillo, Carlos; Ferreira Da Silva, Silane] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Blanco, Mauricio] Odebrecht, BR-20941000 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Mora, A (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Geowissensch, Karl Liebnecht Str 24, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. EM andres.mora@ecopetrol.com.co RI Parra, Mauricio/B-7497-2013 OI Parra, Mauricio/0000-0002-5955-6105 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [Str373/19-1]; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) FX This study was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Leibniz fund to M. Strecker (Str373/19-1) and by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. A. Mora and M. Parra are grateful to the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for funding their stay in Potsdam. Careful reviews by Science Editor Christian Koeberl, Victor Ramos, and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved the contents and figures. Discussions with George Hilley and Brian Horton helped focus the ideas in this study. Christopher Otto helped with graphic work. Javier Cardona from the Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos (ANH) kindly provided the subsurface information. Oscar Fernandez from Midland Valley provided an academic license of 2DMove. NR 57 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 122 IS 11-12 BP 1846 EP 1864 DI 10.1130/B30033.1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 671XD UT WOS:000283546200007 ER PT J AU Ord, SM Mitchell, DA Wayth, RB Greenhill, LJ Bernardi, G Gleadow, S Edgar, RG Clark, MA Allen, G Arcus, W Benkevitch, L Bowman, JD Briggs, FH Bunton, JD Burns, S Cappallo, RJ Coles, WA Corey, BE deSouza, L Doeleman, SS Derome, M Deshpande, A Emrich, D Goeke, R Gopalakrishna, MR Herne, D Hewitt, JN Kamini, PA Kaplan, DL Kasper, JC Kincaid, BB Kocz, J Kowald, E Kratzenberg, E Kumar, D Lonsdale, CJ Lynch, MJ McWhirter, SR Madhavi, S Matejek, M Morales, MF Morgan, E Oberoi, D Pathikulangara, J Prabu, T Rogers, AEE Roshi, A Salah, JE Schinkel, A Shankar, NU Srivani, KS Stevens, J Tingay, SJ Vaccarella, A Waterson, M Webster, RL Whitney, AR Williams, A Williams, C AF Ord, S. M. Mitchell, D. A. Wayth, R. B. Greenhill, L. J. Bernardi, G. Gleadow, S. Edgar, R. G. Clark, M. A. Allen, G. Arcus, W. Benkevitch, L. Bowman, J. D. Briggs, F. H. Bunton, J. D. Burns, S. Cappallo, R. J. Coles, W. A. Corey, B. E. deSouza, L. Doeleman, S. S. Derome, M. Deshpande, A. Emrich, D. Goeke, R. Gopalakrishna, M. R. Herne, D. Hewitt, J. N. Kamini, P. A. Kaplan, D. L. Kasper, J. C. Kincaid, B. B. Kocz, J. Kowald, E. Kratzenberg, E. Kumar, D. Lonsdale, C. J. Lynch, M. J. McWhirter, S. R. Madhavi, S. Matejek, M. Morales, M. F. Morgan, E. Oberoi, D. Pathikulangara, J. Prabu, T. Rogers, A. E. E. Roshi, A. Salah, J. E. Schinkel, A. Shankar, N. Udaya Srivani, K. S. Stevens, J. Tingay, S. J. Vaccarella, A. Waterson, M. Webster, R. L. Whitney, A. R. Williams, A. Williams, C. TI Interferometric Imaging with the 32 Element Murchison Wide-Field Array SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID UNDERSTANDING RADIO POLARIMETRY; SELF-CALIBRATION; WIDEFIELD ARRAY; HEALPIX AB The Murchison Wide-Field Array (MWA) is a low-frequency radio telescope, currently under construction, intended to search for the spectral signature of the epoch of reionization (EOR) and to probe the structure of the solar corona. Sited in western Australia, the full MWA will comprise 8192 dipoles grouped into 512 tiles and will be capable of imaging the sky south of 40 degrees declination, from 80 MHz to 300 MHz with an instantaneous field of view that is tens of degrees wide and a resolution of a few arcminutes. A 32 station prototype of the MWA has been recently commissioned and a set of observations has been taken that exercise the whole acquisition and processing pipeline. We present Stokes I, Q, and U images from two similar to 4 hr integrations of a field 20 degrees wide centered on Pictoris A. These images demonstrate the capacity and stability of a real-time calibration and imaging technique employing the weighted addition of warped snapshots to counter extreme wide-field imaging distortions. C1 [Ord, S. M.; Mitchell, D. A.; Wayth, R. B.; Greenhill, L. J.; Bernardi, G.; Clark, M. A.; Kasper, J. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wayth, R. B.; Arcus, W.; Emrich, D.; Herne, D.; Lynch, M. J.; Tingay, S. J.; Waterson, M.] Curtin Univ Technol, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Gleadow, S.; Webster, R. L.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Edgar, R. G.; Clark, M. A.] Initiat Innovat Comp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Allen, G.; Bunton, J. D.; deSouza, L.; Pathikulangara, J.; Schinkel, A.; Stevens, J.] ATNF, CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Benkevitch, L.; Cappallo, R. J.; Corey, B. E.; Doeleman, S. S.; Derome, M.; Kincaid, B. B.; Kratzenberg, E.; Lonsdale, C. J.; McWhirter, S. R.; Oberoi, D.; Rogers, A. E. E.; Salah, J. E.; Whitney, A. R.] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Bowman, J. D.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Briggs, F. H.; Kocz, J.; Kowald, E.; Vaccarella, A.; Waterson, M.] Australian Natl Univ, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Burns, S.] Burns Ind, Nashua, NH 03064 USA. [Coles, W. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Deshpande, A.; Gopalakrishna, M. R.; Kamini, P. A.; Kumar, D.; Madhavi, S.; Prabu, T.; Roshi, A.; Shankar, N. Udaya; Srivani, K. S.] Raman Res Inst, Bangalore 560080, Karnataka, India. [Goeke, R.; Hewitt, J. N.; Matejek, M.; Morgan, E.; Williams, C.] MIT Kavli Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kaplan, D. L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Morales, M. F.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Williams, A.] Univ Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. RP Ord, SM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sord@cfa.harvard.edu RI M, Manjunath/N-4000-2014; Bunton, John/A-4944-2008; Deshpande, Avinash/D-4868-2012; Astronomy & Astrophysics Group, Raman Res Institute/D-4046-2012; Kasper, Justin/D-1152-2010; Wayth, Randall/B-2444-2013; Tingay, Steven/B-5271-2013; Emrich, David/B-7002-2013; Waterson, Mark/B-7352-2013; Ord, Stephen/C-6138-2013; Williams, Andrew/K-2931-2013; Udayashankar , N/D-4901-2012; OI M, Manjunath/0000-0001-8710-0730; Kasper, Justin/0000-0002-7077-930X; Wayth, Randall/0000-0002-6995-4131; Emrich, David/0000-0002-4058-1837; Waterson, Mark/0000-0002-0192-2686; Williams, Andrew/0000-0001-9080-0105; Kocz, Jonathon/0000-0003-0249-7586 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0457585, PHY-0835713]; Australian Research Council [LE0775621, LE0882938]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-0510247]; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; MIT School of Science; Raman Research Institute; Australian National University; iVEC Petabyte Data Store; Initiative in Innovative Computing and NVIDIA-sponsored Center for Excellence at Harvard; International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research; Curtin University of Technology; University of Western Australia; Western Australian State government FX This work uses data obtained from the Murchison Radio-Astronomy Observatory. We acknowledge the Wajarri Yamatji people as the traditional owners of the Observatory site. Support came from the U.S. National Science Foundation (grants AST-0457585 and PHY-0835713), the Australian Research Council (grants LE0775621 and LE0882938), the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant FA9550-0510247), the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, the MIT School of Science, the Raman Research Institute, the Australian National University, the iVEC Petabyte Data Store, the Initiative in Innovative Computing and NVIDIA-sponsored Center for Excellence at Harvard, and the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, a Joint Venture of Curtin University of Technology and The University of Western Australia, funded by the Western Australian State government. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 122 IS 897 BP 1353 EP 1366 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 675BY UT WOS:000283801100009 ER PT J AU Novak, T Tkavc, T Kuntner, M Arnett, AE Delakorda, SL Perc, M Janzekovic, F AF Novak, Tone Tkavc, Tina Kuntner, Matjaz Arnett, Amy E. Delakorda, Saska Lipovsek Perc, Matjaz Janzekovic, Franc TI Niche partitioning in orbweaving spiders Meta menardi and Metellina merianae (Tetragnathidae) SO ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coexistence; Spatial niche; Trophic niche; Nutritional ecology; Speleobiology ID ORB-WEAVING SPIDERS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ARANEAE; COMPETITION; WEBS; CLASSIFICATION; COMMUNITIES; NEPHILIDAE; ECOSYSTEMS; ARANEIDAE AB Hypogean habitats are relatively simple exhibiting low diversity, low production and relative constancy of environmental factors, and are therefore appropriate for studying species coexistence in situ. We investigated the coexistence of two closely related, similarly sized orb-weaving spider species, Meta menardi and Metellina merianae, living syntopically in a Slovenian cave. We studied the annual dynamics of both species within a mixed population, and the impact of the ambient temperature, relative humidity, airflow and illumination, and compared their trophic niches to legacy data on prey of both species from 55 caves in Slovenia. We predicted a large overlap in their spatial niches and substantial differences in their temporal and trophic niches. We found that their spatial niches overlap greatly with few exceptions, mostly on the dates of notable meteorological changes in the cave but that their temporal niches differ significantly with r-strategy resembling epigean annual dynamic in M. merianae and a steady low abundance course in M. menardi within the cave. We also found that different predatory strategies significantly segregate their trophic niches: M. merianae uses a typical orb-weaving hunting strategy, while M. menardi combines web hunting with off-web hunting. Our findings suggest that both the diverse dynamics and trophic niches enable the coexistence of M. menardi and M. merianae despite their similar spatial niches, and that M. menardi, in particular, is optimally adapted to the epigean/hypogean ecotone. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Novak, Tone; Delakorda, Saska Lipovsek; Janzekovic, Franc] Univ Maribor, Dept Biol, Fac Nat Sci & Math, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. [Kuntner, Matjaz] Slovenian Acad Sci & Arts, Ctr Sci Res, Inst Biol, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Kuntner, Matjaz] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Arnett, Amy E.] Unity Coll, Ctr Biodivers, Unity, ME 04915 USA. [Perc, Matjaz] Univ Maribor, Dept Phys, Fac Nat Sci & Math, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. RP Novak, T (reprint author), Univ Maribor, Dept Biol, Fac Nat Sci & Math, Koroska Cesta 160, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. EM tone.novak@uni-mb.si RI Perc, Matjaz/A-5148-2009; Janzekovic, Franc/H-9096-2015 OI Perc, Matjaz/0000-0002-3087-541X; FU Slovene Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology [P1-0078]; Slovenian Research Agency [Z1-7082-0618, Z1-9629]; European Commission [MIRG-CT-2005, 036536] FX We are indebted to Soren Toft, Jean-Pierre Maelfait, Georges Stora and two anonymous referees for insightful comments on the manuscript, and to Karen and Ian Baxter for comments and edits. This study was partly supported by the Slovene Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology within the research programme Biodiversity (grant P1-0078). Matjaz Kuntner acknowledges support from the Slovenian Research Agency (grant Z1-7082-0618) and from the Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant (MIRG-CT-2005, 036536) within the European Commission's 6th Framework Programme. Matjaz Perc also acknowledges support from the Slovenian Research Agency (grant Z1-9629). NR 69 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 28 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1146-609X J9 ACTA OECOL JI Acta Oecol.-Int. J. Ecol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 36 IS 6 BP 522 EP 529 DI 10.1016/j.actao.2010.07.005 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 700VP UT WOS:000285772700001 ER PT J AU Zotz, G Bogusch, W Hietz, P Ketteler, N AF Zotz, Gerhard Bogusch, Wiebke Hietz, Peter Ketteler, Nadine TI Growth of epiphytic bromeliads in a changing world: The effects of CO2, water and nutrient supply SO ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crassulacean acid metabolism; Drought stress; Nutrient limitation; Rain forest; Relative growth rate ID TILLANDSIA-BRACHYCAULOS BROMELIACEAE; CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM; TROPICAL DRY FOREST; ELEVATED CO2; VASCULAR EPIPHYTES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RESPONSES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GERMINATION; NITROGEN AB Vascular epiphytes, which respond to varying water supply more than any other life form, are thought to be particularly vulnerable to climate change because they are de-coupled from the soil and are thus more directly affected by atmospheric conditions. The few available studies addressing the effect of climate change on epiphytes have either studied plant responses to changes in water supply or to elevated CO2, but none has looked at possible interactions of these abiotic factors. Here, we present a growth chamber study on the response of individuals of 11 species of epiphytic bromeliads from both tropical lowlands and montane areas to varying CO2, water and nutrient levels. Water availability had by far the strongest and most consistent impact on plant growth, while the effects of elevated CO2 and increased nutrient supply were much less consistent across species or habitats. A significant mitigation of reduced water availability by increased CO2 levels could not be detected. While some species from montane areas were very susceptible to low water availability, lowland species were mostly quite drought-tolerant. These results suggest that global change can pose a real threat to vascular epiphytes through changes in the altitude of cloud formation and altered precipitation patterns, acknowledging substantial differences between species and habitats. Other aspects of global change like the increase of atmospheric CO2 levels as such seem of limited relevance for the functioning of epiphytic plants. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Zotz, Gerhard; Bogusch, Wiebke; Ketteler, Nadine] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Biol & Umweltwissensch, AG Funkt Okol, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. [Zotz, Gerhard] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Hietz, Peter] Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci Vienna, Inst Bot, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. RP Zotz, G (reprint author), Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Biol & Umweltwissensch, AG Funkt Okol, Postfach 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. EM gerhard.zotz@uni-oldenburg.de OI Hietz, Peter/0000-0002-0458-6593 NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 43 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1146-609X J9 ACTA OECOL JI Acta Oecol.-Int. J. Ecol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 36 IS 6 BP 659 EP 665 DI 10.1016/j.actao.2010.10.003 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 700VP UT WOS:000285772700018 ER PT J AU Torres, G AF Torres, Guillermo TI ON THE USE OF EMPIRICAL BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS FOR STARS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: fundamental parameters; stars: general; Sun: fundamental parameters; Sun: general ID FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; COLORS; TRANSFORMATIONS; ISOCHRONES; MAGNITUDE; EVOLUTION; DIAGRAMS; MODELS; TRACKS AB When making use of tabulations of empirical bolometric corrections for stars (BC(V)), a commonly overlooked fact is that while the zero point is arbitrary, the bolometric magnitude of the Sun (M(bol,circle dot)) that is used in combination with such tables cannot be chosen arbitrarily. It must be consistent with the zero point of BC(V) so that the apparent brightness of the Sun is reproduced. The latter is a measured quantity, for which we adopt the value V(circle dot) = -26.76 +/- 0.03. Inconsistent values of M(bol,circle dot) are listed in many of the most popular sources of BC(V). We quantify errors that are introduced by failure to pay attention to this detail. We also take the opportunity to reprint the BC(V) coefficients of the often used polynomial fits by Flower, which were misprinted in the original publication. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Torres, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gtorres@cfa.harvard.edu FU NSF [AST-0708229] FX I am indebted to Phillip Flower for providing me with the correct coefficients for his BCV and color/temperature relations, which were misprinted in his original work (Flower 1996). They are presented here with his permission. I also thank Gene Milone for stimulating discussions and motivation for this paper, Todd Henry for alerting me to the significant errors in BCV for cool stars, and the anonymous referee for helpful comments. Correspondence with Martin Asplund, Dainis Dravins, Arlo Landolt, Pedro Martinez, Gene Milone, and Chris Sterken regarding IAU deliberations on the matter of BCV is also acknowledged. This work was partially supported by NSF grant AST-0708229. The research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Abstract Service. NR 31 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 140 IS 5 BP 1158 EP 1162 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/140/5/1158 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 665SI UT WOS:000283055400004 ER PT J AU Foley, RJ Rest, A Stritzinger, M Pignata, G Anderson, JP Hamuy, M Morrell, NI Phillips, MM Salgado, F AF Foley, Ryan J. Rest, Armin Stritzinger, Maximilian Pignata, Giuliano Anderson, Joseph P. Hamuy, Mario Morrell, Nidia I. Phillips, Mark M. Salgado, Francisco TI ON THE PROGENITOR AND SUPERNOVA OF THE SN 2002cx-LIKE SUPERNOVA 2008ge SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; stars: evolution; supernovae: general; supernovae: individual (SN 2008ge) ID WOLF-RAYET STARS; IA SUPERNOVAE; IMAGE SUBTRACTION; HUBBLE CONSTANT; LOW-LUMINOSITY; WHITE-DWARFS; EXPLOSION; SPECTRA; 2005HK; SEARCH AB We present observations of supernova (SN) 2008ge, which is spectroscopically similar to the peculiar SN 2002cx, and its pre-explosion site indicating that its progenitor was probably a white dwarf. NGC 1527, the host galaxy of SN 2008ge, is an S0 galaxy with no evidence of star formation or massive stars. Astrometrically matching late-time imaging of SN 2008ge to pre-explosion Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we constrain the luminosity of the progenitor star. Since SN 2008ge has no indication of hydrogen or helium in its spectrum, its progenitor must have lost its outer layers before exploding, meaning that it is a white dwarf, a Wolf-Rayet star, or a lower-mass star in a binary system. Observations of the host galaxy show no signs of individual massive stars, star clusters, or H (II) regions at the SN position or anywhere else, making a Wolf-Rayet progenitor unlikely. Late-time spectroscopy of SN 2008ge shows strong [Fe (II)] lines with large velocity widths compared to other members of this class at similar epochs. These previously unseen features indicate that a significant amount of the SN ejecta is Fe (presumably the result of the radioactive decay of (56)Ni generated in the SN), further supporting a thermonuclear explosion. Placing the observations of SN 2008ge in the context of observations of other objects in the same class of SNe, we suggest that the progenitor was most likely a white dwarf. C1 [Foley, Ryan J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rest, Armin] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stritzinger, Maximilian] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Stritzinger, Maximilian; Morrell, Nidia I.; Phillips, Mark M.; Salgado, Francisco] Campanas Observ, Carnegie Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Stritzinger, Maximilian] Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Pignata, Giuliano] Univ Andres Bello, Dept Ciencias Fis, Santiago, Chile. [Anderson, Joseph P.; Hamuy, Mario] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. RP Foley, RJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rfoley@cfa.harvard.edu RI Hamuy, Mario/G-7541-2016; OI stritzinger, maximilian/0000-0002-5571-1833 FU Clay Fellowship; Proyecto FONDECYT [11090421]; Comite eMixto ESO-Gobierno de Chile; Millennium Center [P06-045-F]; "Programa Bicentenario de Ciencia y Tecnologia de CONICYT"; "Programa Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio de MIDEPLAN"; Centro de Astrofisica FONDAP [15010003]; Fondecyt [1060808]; Center of Excellence in Astrophysics and Associated Technologies (PFB 06); National Science Foundation (NSF) [AST-0306969]; Danish NSF FX R.J.F. is supported by a Clay Fellowship. G. P. acknowledges support by the Proyecto FONDECYT 11090421 and from Comite eMixto ESO-Gobierno de Chile. G. P. and M. H. acknowledge support from the Millennium Center for Supernova Science through grant P06-045-F funded by "Programa Bicentenario de Ciencia y Tecnologia de CONICYT," "Programa Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio de MIDEPLAN" and partial support from Centro de Astrofisica FONDAP 15010003 and by Fondecyt through grant 1060808 from the Center of Excellence in Astrophysics and Associated Technologies (PFB 06).; This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant AST-0306969. The Dark Cosmology Centre is funded by the Danish NSF. NR 48 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 140 IS 5 BP 1321 EP 1328 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/140/5/1321 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 665SI UT WOS:000283055400016 ER PT J AU Levesque, EM Kewley, LJ Berger, E Zahid, HJ AF Levesque, Emily M. Kewley, Lisa J. Berger, Edo Zahid, H. Jabran TI THE HOST GALAXIES OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. II. A MASS-METALLICITY RELATION FOR LONG-DURATION GAMMA-RAY BURST HOST GALAXIES SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: ISM; gamma-ray burst: general ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; DEEP DEEP SURVEY; DAMPED LY-ALPHA; M-CIRCLE-DOT; STELLAR MODELS; WOLF-RAYET; GRB HOST; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; SPIRAL GALAXIES; REDSHIFT AB We present a statistically robust mass-metallicity relation for long-duration gamma-ray burst (LGRB) host galaxies at z < 1. By comparing the LGRB host mass-metallicity relation to samples representative of the general star-forming galaxy population, we conclude that LGRBs occur in host galaxies with lower metallicities than the general population, and that this trend extends to z similar to 1, with an average offset of -0.42 +/- 0.18 from the M-Z relation for star-forming galaxies. Our sample in this work includes new spectroscopic data for six LGRB host galaxies obtained at the Keck and Magellan telescopes, as well as two new host galaxies from the literature. Combined with data from our previous work, this yields a total sample of six LGRB host galaxies at z < 0.3 and 10 host galaxies at 0.3 < z < 1. We have determined a number of interstellar medium properties for our host galaxies using optical emission-line diagnostics including metallicity, ionization parameter, young stellar population age, and star formation rate. Across our full sample of 16 LGRB hosts we find an average metallicity of log(O/H) + 12 = 8.4 +/- 0.3. Notably, we also measure a comparatively high metallicity of log(O/H) + 12 = 8.83 +/- 0.1 for the z = 0.296 host galaxy of GRB 050826. We also determine stellar masses (M(star)) for our LGRB host galaxy sample, finding a mean stellar mass of log(M(star)/M(circle dot)) = 9.25(-0.23)(+0.19). C1 [Levesque, Emily M.; Kewley, Lisa J.; Zahid, H. Jabran] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Levesque, Emily M.; Berger, Edo] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Levesque, Emily M.] Univ Colorado, CASA, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Levesque, EM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Emily.Levesque@colorado.edu FU NSF [AST07-48559]; NASA/Swift AOJ [5080010] FX We thank the anonymous referee for valuable feedback and suggestions regarding this paper. We gratefully acknowledge useful correspondence with Andy Fruchter, John Graham, Olivier Ilbert, Sandra Savaglio, and Alicia Soderberg regarding this work. We are grateful for the hospitality and assistance of the W. M. Keck Observatories in Hawaii, in particular the guidance and assistance of Greg Wirth, Scott Dahm, and Jim Lyke, as well as the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. This paper made use of data from the Gamma-Ray Burst Coordinates Network (GCN) circulars. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this sacred mountain. E. Levesque's participation was made possible in part by a Ford Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship and an Einstein Fellowship. L. Kewley and E. Levesque gratefully acknowledge support by NSF EARLY CAREER AWARD AST07-48559. E. Berger acknowledges support by NASA/Swift AOJ grant 5080010. NR 87 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 140 IS 5 BP 1557 EP 1566 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/140/5/1557 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 665SI UT WOS:000283055400037 ER PT J AU Nevalainen, J David, L Guainazzi, M AF Nevalainen, J. David, L. Guainazzi, M. TI Cross-calibrating X-ray detectors with clusters of galaxies: an IACHEC study SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: miscellaneous; techniques: spectroscopic; galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; TEMPERATURE PROFILES; CHANDRA; ABUNDANCES; SOLAR; SIMULATIONS; EMISSION; ELEMENTS; SAMPLE; ROSAT AB Aims. We used a sample of 11 nearby relaxed clusters of galaxies observed with the X-ray instruments XMM-Newton (EPIC) pn and MOS, Chandra ACIS-S and ACIS-I and BeppoSAX MECS to examine the cross-calibration of the energy dependence and normalisation of the effective area of these instruments as of December 2009. We also examined the FeXXV/XXVI line ratio temperature measurement method for the pn and MOS. Methods. We performed X-ray spectral analysis on the XMM-Newton and Chandra data for a sample of 11 clusters. We obtained the information for BeppoSAX from DeGrandi & Molendi (2002). We compared the spectroscopic results obtained with different instruments for the same clusters in order to examine possible systematic calibration effects between the instruments. Results. We did not detect any significant systematic differences between the temperatures derived in the 2-7 keV band using the different instruments. Also, the EPIC temperatures derived from the bremsstrahlung continuum agreed with those obtained from the FeXXV/XXVI emission line ratio, implying that the energy dependence of the hard band effective area of the above instruments is accurately calibrated. This also indicates that deviations from ionisation equilibrium and a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution are negligible in the regions studied in the cluster sample. We thus consider the IACHEC sample of clusters of galaxies as standard candles for the calibration of the energy dependence of the hard band (2-7 keV) effective area of X-ray telescopes. On the other hand, the hard band EPIC/ACIS fluxes disagreed by 5-10% (i.e. at 6-25 sigma level) which indicates a similar level of uncertainty in the normalisations of the effective areas of these instruments in the 2-7 keV band. In the soft energy band (0.5-2.0 keV) there are greater cross-calibration differences between EPIC and ACIS. We found an energy-dependent increase of ACIS versus pn bias in the cross-calibration of the effective area by similar to 10% in the 0.5-2.0 keV band. This amounts to a systematic difference of (similar to 20%) in the temperatures measured by the ACIS and the EPIC-pn cameras in this band. Due to the high statistical weight of the soft band data, the 0.5-7.0 keV band temperature measurements of clusters of galaxies with EPIC/XMM-Newton or ACIS/Chandra are uncertain by similar to 10-15% on average. These uncertainties will also affect the analysis of the wide band continuum spectra of other types of objects using ACIS or EPIC. C1 [Nevalainen, J.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Nevalainen, J.] Univ Turku, ESO, Finnish Ctr Astron, Piikkio 21500, Finland. [David, L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Guainazzi, M.] ESA, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28691, Spain. RP Nevalainen, J (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 48, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM jukka.h.nevalainen@helsinki.fi FU ESA; NASA; Academy of Finland; IACHEC team FX The work is based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and NASA. This research has made use of data and software provided by the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC). J.N. is supported by the Academy of Finland. We thank M. Bonamente, S. Molendi, P. Plucinsky and M. Smith for help and useful comments. We thank the IACHEC team for support. NR 34 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 523 AR A22 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015176 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695BW UT WOS:000285346600026 ER PT J AU Vidal-Madjar, A Arnold, L Ehrenreich, D Ferlet, R des Etangs, AL Bouchy, F Segransan, D Boisse, I Hebrard, G Moutou, C Desert, JM Sing, DK Cabanac, R Nitschelm, C Bonfils, X Delfosse, X Desort, M Diaz, RF Eggenberger, A Forveille, T Lagrange, AM Lovis, C Pepe, F Perrier, C Pont, F Santos, NC Udry, S AF Vidal-Madjar, A. Arnold, L. Ehrenreich, D. Ferlet, R. des Etangs, A. Lecavelier Bouchy, F. Segransan, D. Boisse, I. Hebrard, G. Moutou, C. Desert, J. -M. Sing, D. K. Cabanac, R. Nitschelm, C. Bonfils, X. Delfosse, X. Desort, M. Diaz, R. F. Eggenberger, A. Forveille, T. Lagrange, A. -M. Lovis, C. Pepe, F. Perrier, C. Pont, F. Santos, N. C. Udry, S. TI The Earth as an extrasolar transiting planet Earth's atmospheric composition and thickness revealed by Lunar eclipse observations SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE eclipses; Earth; planets and satellites: atmospheres; astrobiology; techniques: spectroscopic; methods: observational ID JUPITER HD 209458B; TRANSMISSION SPECTRUM; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; ABSORPTION FEATURES; SAGE-III; SEARCH; LIFE; EXTINCTION; VEGETATION; SIGNATURE AB Context. An important goal within the quest for detecting an Earth-like extrasolar planet, will be to identify atmospheric gaseous bio-signatures. Aims. Observations of the light transmitted through the Earth's atmosphere, as for an extrasolar planet, will be the first important step for future comparisons. We have completed observations of the Earth during a lunar eclipse, a unique situation similar to that of a transiting planet. We aim at showing what species could be detected in its atmosphere at optical wavelengths, where a lot of photons are available in the masked stellar light. Methods. We present observations of the 2008 August 16 Moon eclipse performed with the SOPHIE spectrograph at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (France). Locating the spectrograph's fibers in the penumbra of the eclipse, the Moon irradiance is then a mix of direct, unabsorbed Sun light and solar light that has passed through the Earth's atmosphere. This mixture essentially reproduces what is recorded during the transit of an extrasolar planet. Results. We report here the clear detection of several Earth atmospheric compounds in the transmission spectra, such as ozone, molecular oxygen, and neutral sodium as well as molecular nitrogen and oxygen through the Rayleigh signature. Moreover, we present a method that allows us to derive the thickness of the atmosphere versus the wavelength for penumbra eclipse observations. We quantitatively evaluate the altitude at which the atmosphere becomes transparent for important species like molecular oxygen and ozone, two species thought to be tightly linked to the presence of life. Conclusions. The molecular detections presented here are an encouraging first attempt, necessary to better prepare for the future of extremely-large telescopes and transiting Earth-like planets. Instruments like SOPHIE will be mandatory when characterizing the atmospheres of transiting Earth-like planets from the ground and searching for bio-marker signatures. C1 [Vidal-Madjar, A.; Ferlet, R.; des Etangs, A. Lecavelier; Bouchy, F.; Boisse, I.; Hebrard, G.; Desert, J. -M.; Sing, D. K.; Diaz, R. F.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Arnold, L.; Bouchy, F.] Observ Haute Provence, CNRS, OAMP, St Michel Observ, F-04870 St Michel, France. [Ehrenreich, D.; Bonfils, X.; Delfosse, X.; Desort, M.; Eggenberger, A.; Forveille, T.; Lagrange, A. -M.; Perrier, C.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Grenoble, UMR 5571, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Segransan, D.; Lovis, C.; Pepe, F.; Santos, N. C.; Udry, S.] Univ Geneva, Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. [Moutou, C.] Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Marseille, UMR6110, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. [Desert, J. -M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sing, D. K.; Pont, F.] Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Cabanac, R.] TBL, Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-65000 Tarbes, France. [Nitschelm, C.] Univ Catolica Norte, Inst Astron, Antofagasta 0610, Chile. [Santos, N. C.] Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. RP Vidal-Madjar, A (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR7095, 98Bis Blvd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France. EM alfred@iap.fr RI Santos, Nuno/E-9957-2011; Diaz, Rodrigo/H-1487-2011; OI Santos, Nuno/0000-0003-4422-2919; Bonfils, Xavier/0000-0001-9003-8894; Ehrenreich, David/0000-0001-9704-5405; Sing, David /0000-0001-6050-7645 FU CNRS/INSU; Swiss National Science Foundation; French National Research Agency [ANR-08-JCJC-0102-01, ANR-NT05-4-44463]; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); NCS; European Research Council/European Community; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal; FCT/MCTES (Portugal); POPH/FSE (EC); [PTDC/CTE-AST/66643/2006]; [PTDC/CTE-AST/098528/2008] FX The authors thank the staff of Haute-Provence Observatory for their contribution to the success of the SOPHIE project and their support at the 1.93-m telescope. We thank the "Programme National de Planetologie" (PNP) of CNRS/INSU, the Swiss National Science Foundation, and the French National Research Agency (ANR-08-JCJC-0102-01 and ANR-NT05-4-44463) for their continuous support of our planet-search programs. We also thank W. A. Traub, our referee, for mentioning the ring effect that possibly explains the zero shift correction and E. Palle for very constructive discussions before the observing campaigns of the 2008 August 16 Moon eclipse. D.E. acknowledges financial support from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and NCS the support from the European Research Council/European Community under the FP7 through a Starting Grant, as well as from the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, through a Ciencia 2007 contract funded by FCT/MCTES (Portugal) and POPH/FSE (EC), and in the form of grants reference PTDC/CTE-AST/66643/2006 and PTDC/CTE-AST/098528/2008. NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 523 AR A57 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014751 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695BW UT WOS:000285346600060 ER PT J AU Bernardi, G de Bruyn, AG Harker, G Brentjens, MA Ciardi, B Jelic, V Koopmans, LVE Labropoulos, P Offringa, A Pandey, VN Schaye, J Thomas, RM Yatawatta, S Zaroubi, S AF Bernardi, G. de Bruyn, A. G. Harker, G. Brentjens, M. A. Ciardi, B. Jelic, V. Koopmans, L. V. E. Labropoulos, P. Offringa, A. Pandey, V. N. Schaye, J. Thomas, R. M. Yatawatta, S. Zaroubi, S. TI Foregrounds for observations of the cosmological 21 cm line II. Westerbork observations of the fields around 3C 196 and the North Celestial Pole SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE polarization; diffuse radiation; cosmology: observations; ISM: general ID COSMIC REIONIZATION; RADIO OBSERVATIONS; POWER SPECTRUM; POINT SOURCES; 1.4 GHZ; 150 MHZ; EPOCH; 21-CM; EMISSION; POLARIZATION AB Context. In the coming years a new insight into galaxy formation and the thermal history of the Universe is expected to come from the detection of the highly redshifted cosmological 21 cm line. Aims. The cosmological 21 cm line signal is buried under Galactic and extragalactic foregrounds which are likely to be a few orders of magnitude brighter. Strategies and techniques for effective subtraction of these foreground sources require a detailed knowledge of their structure in both intensity and polarization on the relevant angular scales of 1-30 arcmin. Methods. We present results from observations conducted with the Westerbork telescope in the 140-160 MHz range with 2 arcmin resolution in two fields located at intermediate Galactic latitude, centred around the bright quasar 3C 196 and the North Celestial Pole. They were observed with the purpose of characterizing the foreground properties in sky areas where actual observations of the cosmological 21 cm line could be carried out. The polarization data were analysed through the rotation measure synthesis technique. We have computed total intensity and polarization angular power spectra. Results. Total intensity maps were carefully calibrated, reaching a high dynamic range, 150 000: 1 in the case of the 3C 196 field. No evidence of diffuse Galactic emission was found in the angular power spectrum analysis on scales smaller than similar to 10 arcmin in either of the two fields. On these angular scales the signal is consistent with the classical confusion noise of similar to 3 mJy beam(-1). On scales greater than 30 arcmin we found an excess of power attributed to the Galactic foreground with an rms of 3.4 K and 5.5 K for the 3C 196 and the NCP field respectively. The intermediate angular scales suffered from systematic errors which prevented any detection. Patchy polarized emission was found only in the 3C 196 field whereas the polarization in the NCP area was essentially due to radio frequency interference. The polarized signal in the 3C 196 field is close to the thermal noise for angular scales smaller than similar to 10 arcmin. On scales greater than 30 arcmin it has an rms value of 0.68 K. The polarized signal appears mainly at rotation measure values smaller than 4 rad m(-2). Conclusions. In regard of the detection of the cosmological 21 cm line, we conclude that Galactic total intensity emission lacks small-scale power, which is below the confusion noise level at the angular resolution of 2 arcmin. Galactic polarization, given its relative weakness and its small rotation measure values, is less severe than expected as a contaminant of the cosmological 21 cm line. C1 [Bernardi, G.; de Bruyn, A. G.; Harker, G.; Jelic, V.; Koopmans, L. V. E.; Labropoulos, P.; Offringa, A.; Pandey, V. N.; Thomas, R. M.; Yatawatta, S.; Zaroubi, S.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Bernardi, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [de Bruyn, A. G.; Brentjens, M. A.] ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Ciardi, B.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Schaye, J.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Thomas, R. M.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Math & Phys Universe IPMU, Chiba 2778582, Japan. RP Bernardi, G (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, POB 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. EM bernardi@astro.rug.nl RI Jelic, Vibor/B-2938-2014; Thomas, Rajat/B-7105-2014; Ciardi, Benedetta/N-7625-2015; Yatawatta, Sarod/E-6037-2013 OI Jelic, Vibor/0000-0002-6034-8610; Harker, Geraint/0000-0002-7894-4082; Thomas, Rajat/0000-0002-5362-4816; Schaye, Joop/0000-0002-0668-5560; Yatawatta, Sarod/0000-0001-5619-4017 FU Netherlands Foundation for Scientific Research (NWO); European Union; "Samenwerkingsverband Noord-Nederland", EZ/KOMPAS FX We thank an anonymous referee for useful comments that helped improving the manuscript. G. B. thanks George Heald for useful discussions on the RM CLEAN. The Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope is operated by ASTRON (Netherlands Foundation for Research in Astronomy) with support from the Netherlands Foundation for Scientific Research (NWO). LOFAR is being funded by the European Union, European Regional Development Fund, and by "Samenwerkingsverband Noord-Nederland", EZ/KOMPAS. NR 48 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 522 AR A67 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200913420 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679HS UT WOS:000284153100073 ER PT J AU Collmar, W Bottcher, M Krichbaum, TP Agudo, I Bottacini, E Bremer, M Burwitz, V Cuccchiara, A Grupe, D Gurwell, M AF Collmar, W. Boettcher, M. Krichbaum, T. P. Agudo, I. Bottacini, E. Bremer, M. Burwitz, V. Cuccchiara, A. Grupe, D. Gurwell, M. TI The multifrequency campaign on 3C 279 in January 2006 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; quasars: individual: 3C 279 ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; COMPTON CATASTROPHE SCENARIO; EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; IRAM 30M TELESCOPE; RAY BLAZAR 3C-279; BL-LAC OBJECTS; GAMMA-RAY; X-RAY; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; AMBIENT RADIATION AB Context. The prominent blazar 3C 279 is known for its large-amplitude variability throughout the electromagnetic spectrum and its often.-ray-dominated spectral energy distribution. However, the characterization of its broadband spectral variability still lacks a consistent picture, and the origin of its high-energy emission is still unclear. Aims. We intend to characterize the spectral energy distribution (SED) and spectral variability of 3C 279 in its optical high state. Methods. Prompted by an optical high state of 3C 279, we organized an extensive multiwavelength campaign with coverage from radio to hard X-ray energies. The core components of the campaign were INTEGRAL and Chandra ToO observations in January 2006, augmented by X-ray data from Swift and RXTE as well as radio through optical coverage. Results. The blazar was observed at a moderately high optical state. A well-covered multifrequency spectrum from radio to hard X-ray energies could be derived. During the flare, the radio spectrum was inverted, with a prominent spectral peak near 100 GHz, which propagated in time toward lower frequencies. The SED shows the typical two-bump shape, the signature of non-thermal emission from a relativistic jet. As a result of the long exposure times of INTEGRAL and Chandra, the high-energy spectrum (0.3-100 keV) was precisely measured, showing - for the first time - a possible downward curvature. A comparison of this SED from 2006 to the one observed in 2003, also centered on an INTEGRAL observation, but during an optical low-state, revealed the surprising fact that despite a significant change of the high-frequency synchrotron emission (near-IR/optical/UV)-the low-energy end of the high-energy component (X-ray energies) remained virtually unchanged compared to 2003. Conclusions. Our results prove that the two emission components do not vary simultaneously. This provides strong constraints on the modeling of the overall emission of 3C 279. When interpreted with a steady-state leptonic model, the variability among the SEDs displaying almost identical X-ray spectra at low flux levels, but drastically different IR/optical/UV fluxes, can be reproduced by a change solely of the low-energy cutoff of the relativistic electron spectrum. In an internal shock model for blazar emission, such a change could be achieved through a varying relative Lorentz factor of colliding shells producing internal shocks in the jet, and/or the efficiency of generating turbulent magnetic fields (e. g., through the Weibel instability) needed for efficient energy transfer from protons to electrons behind the shock. C1 [Collmar, W.; Bottacini, E.; Burwitz, V.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Boettcher, M.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Astrophys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Krichbaum, T. P.; Agudo, I.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Agudo, I.] Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Agudo, I.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Bremer, M.] IRAM, Granada 18012, Spain. [Cuccchiara, A.; Grupe, D.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gurwell, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Collmar, W (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM wec@mpe.mpg.de RI Agudo, Ivan/G-1701-2015 OI Agudo, Ivan/0000-0002-3777-6182 FU University of Michigan; National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica; NASA [NNX09AI71G, NNX07AH67G]; Penn State by NASA [NAS5-00136]; National Science Foundation of the USA; "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion" of Spain [AST-0907893, AYA2007-67627-C03-03] FX We thank S. Jorstad and A. Marscher for providing VLBI data at 43 GHz and for discussion. We thank the IRAM Granada staff for data from their regular flux monitoring program, and in particular H. Ungerechts and S. Leon for their support. This research is based on observations with the Effelsberg 100-m telescope of the Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronnomie (Bonn, Germany). This research has made use of data from the University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory (UMRAO), which has been supported by the University of Michigan and the National Science Foundation. This work has made use of observations with the IRAM-interferometer and IRAM 30-m telescope, the Australia Telescope Compact Array, the Very Large Array (NRAO) and the Submillimeter Array (SMA). The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. M. B. acknowledges support from NASA through INTEGRAL Guest Investigator grant NNX09AI71G. Swift is supported at Penn State by NASA contract NAS5-00136. D. G. acknowledges support by NASA contract NNX07AH67G. I. A. acknowledges support by the National Science Foundation of the USA and the "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion" of Spain through grants AST-0907893, and AYA2007-67627-C03-03, respectively. NR 56 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 522 AR A66 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014823 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679HS UT WOS:000284153100072 ER PT J AU Gastaldello, F Ettori, S Balestra, I Brighenti, F Buote, DA De Grandi, S Ghizzardi, S Gitti, M Tozzi, P AF Gastaldello, F. Ettori, S. Balestra, I. Brighenti, F. Buote, D. A. De Grandi, S. Ghizzardi, S. Gitti, M. Tozzi, P. TI Apparent high metallicity in 3-4 keV galaxy clusters: the inverse iron-bias in action in the case of the merging cluster Abell 2028 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium; galaxies: clusters: individual: Abell 2028; galaxies: abundances; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID MULTIPHASE HOT GAS; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; XMM-NEWTON; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; CHEMICAL ENRICHMENT; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; DIFFUSE EMISSION; METAL ENRICHMENT; GROUP NGC-5044; ABUNDANCES AB Context. Recent work based on a global measurement of the ICM properties finds evidence for an increase in the iron abundance in galaxy clusters with temperatures around 2-4 keV up to a value about 3 times higher than is typical of very hot clusters Z(Fe) similar or equal to 0.25 Z(circle dot). Aims. We have started a study of the metal distribution in nearby X-ray luminous poor galaxy clusters in the temperature range 3-4 keV with measured high abundances. Our study aims at spatially resolving the metal content of the central regions of the ICM, in particular characterizing how our measurements are biased by the diagnostics adopted and by the possible multi-temperature nature of the projected observed spectra. We report here on a 42 ks XMM-Newton observation of the first object in the sample, the cluster Abell 2028. Methods. We selected interesting regions of the ICM to analyze the spatially resolved structure of projected temperature and abundance, thereby producing two-dimensional maps. Results. The XMM-Newton observation of the first object of the sample, the cluster Abell 2028, reveals the complex structure of the cluster over a scale of similar to 300 kpc, showing an interaction between two subclusters in cometary-like configurations. Cold fronts have been detected at the leading edges of the two substructures. The core of the main subcluster is likely hosting a cool corona. We show that a one-component fit for this region returns a biased high metallicity. The inverse iron bias is caused by the behavior of the fitting code in shaping the Fe-L complex. In the presence of a multi-temperature structure of the ICM, the best-fit metallicity turns out to be artificially higher when the projected spectrum is modeled with a single temperature component, while it is not related to the presence of both Fe-L and Fe-K emission lines in the spectrum. After accounting for the inverse iron bias, the overall abundance of the cluster is consistent with the one typical of hotter, more massive clusters. Conclusions. We caution against interpreting high abundances inferred when fitting a single thermal component to spectra derived from relatively large apertures in 3-4 keV clusters, because the inverse iron bias can be present. Most of the inferences trying to relate high abundances in 3-4 keV clusters to fundamental physical processes will probably have to be revised. C1 [Gastaldello, F.; Ghizzardi, S.] IASF, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Gastaldello, F.; Buote, D. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Ettori, S.; Gitti, M.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Ettori, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Balestra, I.] MPE, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Brighenti, F.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Brighenti, F.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [De Grandi, S.] INAF Osservatorio Astrono Brera, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy. [Gitti, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tozzi, P.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. RP Gastaldello, F (reprint author), IASF, INAF, Via Bassini 15, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM gasta@lambrate.inaf.it RI Gastaldello, Fabio/N-4226-2015; Ettori, Stefano/N-5004-2015; OI Gastaldello, Fabio/0000-0002-9112-0184; Ettori, Stefano/0000-0003-4117-8617; Gitti, Myriam/0000-0002-0843-3009; Balestra, Italo/0000-0001-9660-894X; Ghizzardi, Simona/0000-0003-0879-7328 FU ASI-INAF [I/023/05/0, I/088/06/0]; NASA [NNX08AX73G]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society FX We would like to thank Wayne Baumgartner for providing the ASCA spectral files and for useful discussions. We would like to thank the referee, P. Mazzotta, for useful comments and suggestions. We acknowledge the financial contribution from contracts ASI-INAF I/023/05/0 and I/088/06/0 and from the NASA grant NNX08AX73G. We are grateful to the ACE SWEPAM instrument team and the ACE Science center for providing the ACE data. This research made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, the US Department of Energy, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, and the Max Planck Society. The SDSS Web site is http://www.sdss.org/. The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are The University of Chicago, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, The Johns Hopkins University, Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, University of Pittsburgh, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory, and the University of Washington. NR 57 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 522 AR A34 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014279 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679HS UT WOS:000284153100040 ER PT J AU Hebb, L Stempels, HC Aigrain, S Collier-Cameron, A Hodgkin, ST Irwin, JM Maxted, PFL Pollacco, D Street, RA Wilson, DM Stassun, KG AF Hebb, L. Stempels, H. C. Aigrain, S. Collier-Cameron, A. Hodgkin, S. T. Irwin, J. M. Maxted, P. F. L. Pollacco, D. Street, R. A. Wilson, D. M. Stassun, K. G. TI MML 53: a new low-mass, pre-main sequence eclipsing binary in the Upper Centaurus-Lupus region discovered by SuperWASP SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE binaries: eclipsing; stars: pre-main sequence; stars: fundamental parameters ID PREDICTIVE STELLAR EVOLUTION; STAR-FORMING REGION; T-TAURI STARS; PLANETARY SYSTEMS; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARY; OBSERVATIONAL TESTS; LIGHT CURVES; TIME-SERIES; MODELS; ORION AB We announce the discovery of a new low-mass, pre-main sequence eclipsing binary, MML 53. Previous observations of MML 53 found it to be a pre-main sequence spectroscopic multiple associated with the 15-22 Myr Upper Centaurus-Lupus cluster. We identify the object as an eclipsing binary for the first time through the analysis of multiple seasons of time series photometry from the SuperWASP transiting planet survey. Re-analysis of a single archive spectrum shows MML 53 to be a spatially unresolved triple system of young stars which all exhibit significant lithium absorption. Two of the components comprise an eclipsing binary with period, P = 2.097891(6) +/- 0.000005 and mass ratio, q similar to 0.8. Here, we present the analysis of the discovery data. C1 [Hebb, L.; Stempels, H. C.; Collier-Cameron, A.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Hebb, L.; Stassun, K. G.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Stempels, H. C.] Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Aigrain, S.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Hodgkin, S. T.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Irwin, J. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Maxted, P. F. L.; Wilson, D. M.] Univ Keele, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Pollacco, D.] Queens Univ, Sch Math & Phys, Astrophys Res Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Street, R. A.] Las Cumbres Observ, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. [Wilson, D. M.] Univ Kent, Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. [Stassun, K. G.] Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. RP Hebb, L (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. EM leslie.hebb@vanderbilt.edu OI Cameron, Andrew/0000-0002-8863-7828 FU Vanderbilt International Office; Queens University Belfast; Vanderbilt University; ESO [ID 077.C-0138]; UK's Science and Technology Facilities Council; NSF [AST-0349075] FX The SuperWASP Consortium consists of astronomers primarily from the Queen's University Belfast, St Andrews, Keele, Leicester, The Open University, Isaac Newton Group La Palma and Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. The SuperWASP Cameras were constructed and operated with funds made available from Consortium Universities and the UK's Science and Technology Facilities Council.; K. G. S. acknowledges support from NSF Career award AST-0349075 as well as a Cottrell Scholar award from the Research Corporation. We also acknowledge the support of the Vanderbilt International Office for fostering the collaboration between Queens University Belfast and Vanderbilt University.; The results presented here are based on ESO observations obtained as part of programme ID 077.C-0138. The data were taken with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Observatory and were obtained from the ESO archive. NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 522 AR A37 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014059 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679HS UT WOS:000284153100043 ER PT J AU Reig, P Zezas, A Gkouvelis, L AF Reig, P. Zezas, A. Gkouvelis, L. TI The optical counterpart to IGR J06074+2205: a Be/X-ray binary showing disc loss and V/R variability SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supernovae: individual: IGR J06074+2205; stars: emission-line, Be; stars: neutron; X-rays: binaries ID DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR BANDS; 4U 0115+63/V635 CASSIOPEIAE; INTRINSIC COLOR INDEXES; X-PERSEI; SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION; ROTATIONAL VELOCITIES; H-ALPHA; STARS; PARAMETERS; OB AB Context. Current X-ray missions are regularly discovering new X/gamma-ray sources, so identifying the counterparts of these high-energy sources at other wavelengths is important for determining their nature. In particular, optical observations are crucial in the study of X-ray binary populations in our Galaxy. Aims. The main goal of this work is to determine the properties of the optical counterpart to the INTEGRAL source IGR J06074+2205 and study its long-term optical variability. Although its nature as a high-mass X-ray binary has been suggested, little is known about its physical parameters. Methods. We have been monitoring IGR J06074+2205 since 2006 in the optical band. We present optical photometric BVRI and spectroscopic observations covering the wavelength band 4000-7000 angstrom. The blue spectra allow us to determine the spectral type and luminosity class of the optical companion and the red spectra, together with the photometric magnitudes, were used to derive the colour excess E(B - V) and estimate the distance. Results. We have carried out the first detailed optical study of the massive component in the high-mass X-ray binary IGR J06074+2205. We find that the optical counterpart to IGR J06074+2205 is a V = 12.3 B0.5Ve star located at a distance of similar to 4.5 kpc. Monitoring of the H alpha line reveals V/R variability and an overall decline in its equivalent width. The H alpha line has been seen to revert from an emission to an absorption profile. We attribute this variability to global changes in the structure of the Be star's circumstellar disc that eventually led to the complete loss of the disc. The density perturbation that gives rise to the V/R variability vanishes when the disc becomes too small. C1 [Reig, P.] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, IESL, Iraklion 71110, Greece. [Reig, P.; Zezas, A.; Gkouvelis, L.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Greece. [Zezas, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Reig, P (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, IESL, Iraklion 71110, Greece. EM pau@physics.uoc.gr RI Reig, Pablo/A-1198-2014; Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011 OI Reig, Pablo/0000-0002-6446-3050; Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X FU European Union [MTKD-CT-2006-039965, 206469] FX We thank the observers P. Berlind and M. Calkins for performing the FLWO observations. This work has been supported in part by the European Union Marie Curie grant MTKD-CT-2006-039965 and EU FP7 "Capacities" GA No206469. This work has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services and of the SIMBAD database, operated at the CDS, Strasbourg, France. Skinakas Observatory is a collaborative project of the University of Crete, the Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, and the Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 522 AR A107 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014788 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679HS UT WOS:000284153100113 ER PT J AU Rucinski, SM Zwintz, K Hareter, M Pojmanski, G Kuschnig, R Matthews, JM Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Sasselov, D Weiss, WW AF Rucinski, S. M. Zwintz, K. Hareter, M. Pojmanski, G. Kuschnig, R. Matthews, J. M. Guenther, D. B. Moffat, A. F. J. Sasselov, D. Weiss, W. W. TI Photometric variability of the Herbig Ae star HD 37806 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: variables: T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be; stars: individual: HD 37806; techniques: photometric ID SKY AUTOMATED SURVEY; T-TAURI STARS; EMISSION-LINE STARS; AE/BE STARS; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; VARIABLE-STARS; CATALOG; OSCILLATIONS; ASSOCIATION; QUARTER AB Context. The more massive counterparts of T Tauri stars, the Herbig Ae/Be stars, are known to vary in a complex way with no variability mechanism clearly identified. Aims. We attempt to characterize the optical variability of HD 37806 (MWC 120) on time scales ranging between minutes and several years. Methods. A continuous, one-minute resolution, 21 day-long sequence of MOST (Microvariability & Oscillations of STars) satellite observations has been analyzed using wavelet, scalegram and dispersion analysis tools. The MOST data have been augmented by sparse observations over 9 seasons from ASAS (All Sky Automated Survey), by previously non-analyzed ESO (European Southern Observatory) data partly covering 3 seasons and by archival measurements dating back half a century ago. Results. Mutually superimposed flares or accretion instabilities grow in size from about 0.0003 of the mean flux on a time scale of minutes to a peak-to-peak range of <0.05 on a time scale of a few years. The resulting variability has properties of stochastic "red" noise, whose self-similar characteristics are very similar to those observed in cataclysmic binary stars, but with much longer characteristic time scales of hours to days (rather than minutes) and with amplitudes which appear to cease growing in size on time scales of tens of years. In addition to chaotic brightness variations combined with stochastic noise, the MOST data show a weakly defined cyclic signal with a period of about 1.5 days, which may correspond to the rotation of the star. C1 [Rucinski, S. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Zwintz, K.; Hareter, M.; Kuschnig, R.; Weiss, W. W.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Pojmanski, G.] Warsaw Univ, Astron Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. [Matthews, J. M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Guenther, D. B.] St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Moffat, A. F. J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Sasselov, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rucinski, SM (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 50 St,George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. EM rucinski@astro.utoronto.ca; konstanze.zwintz@univie.ac.at; markus.hareter@univie.ac.at; gp@astrouw.edu.pl; rainer.kuschnig@univie.ac.at; matthews@astro.ubc.ca; guenther@ap.smu.ca; moffat@astro.umontreal.ca; sasselov@cfa.harvard.edu; werner.weiss@univie.ac.at OI Zwintz, Konstanze/0000-0001-9229-8315 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Austrian Space Agency; Austrian Science Fund; Austrian Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF) [T335-N16]; Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Astronomy of the University of Vienna; Polish MNiSW [N203 007 31/1328] FX The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada supports the research of D. B. G., J.M.M., A.F.J.M., and S. M. R.; additional support for A.F.J.M. comes from FQRNT (Quebec). R. K. and W.W.W. are supported by the Austrian Space Agency and the Austrian Science Fund. K.Z. acknowledges support by the Austrian Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF; project T335-N16) and is recipient of an APART fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Astronomy of the University of Vienna. G. P. acknowledges support by the Polish MNiSW grant N203 007 31/1328. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France and NASA's Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bibliographic Services. We thank the reviewer for useful and constructive comments and suggestions. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 522 AR A113 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014856 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679HS UT WOS:000284153100119 ER PT J AU Dib, S Hennebelle, P Pineda, JE Csengeri, T Bontemps, S Audit, E Goodman, AA AF Dib, Sami Hennebelle, Patrick Pineda, Jaime E. Csengeri, Timea Bontemps, Sylvain Audit, Edouard Goodman, Alyssa A. TI THE ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF MAGNETIZED MOLECULAR CLOUD CORES: A TWO-DIMENSIONAL-THREE-DIMENSIONAL COMPARISON SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: clouds; ISM: kinematics and dynamics; ISM: magnetic fields; ISM: structure; radio lines: ISM; turbulence ID ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; REGULATED STAR-FORMATION; H-II REGIONS; DENSE CORES; DARK CLOUDS; MASS FUNCTION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; TURBULENT CLOUDS; VLA OBSERVATIONS; NH3 OBSERVATIONS AB In this work, we present a detailed study of the rotational properties of magnetized and self-gravitating dense molecular cloud (MC) cores formed in a set of two very high resolution three-dimensional (3D) MC simulations with decaying turbulence. The simulations have been performed using the adaptative mesh refinement code RAMSES with an effective resolution of 4096(3) grid cells. One simulation represents a mildly magnetically supercritical cloud and the other a strongly magnetically supercritical cloud. We identify dense cores at a number of selected epochs in the simulations at two density thresholds which roughly mimic the excitation densities of the NH(3) (J - K) = (1,1) transition and the N(2)H(+) (1-0) emission line. A noticeable global difference between the two simulations is the core formation efficiency (CFE) of the high-density cores. In the strongly supercritical simulations, the CFE is 33% per unit free-fall time of the cloud (t(ff), cl), whereas in the mildly supercritical simulations this value goes down to similar to 6 per unit t(ff, cl). A comparison of the intrinsic specific angular momentum (j(3D)) distributions of the cores with the specific angular momentum derived using synthetic two-dimensional (2D) velocity maps of the cores (j(2D)) shows that the synthetic observations tend to overestimate the true value of the specific angular momentum by a factor of similar to 8-10. We find that the distribution of the ratio j(3D)/j(2D) of the cores peaks at around similar to 0.1. The origin of this discrepancy lies in the fact that contrary to the intrinsic determination of j which sums up the individual gas parcels' contributions to the angular momentum, the determination of the specific angular momentum using the standard observational procedure which is based on a measurement on the global velocity gradient under the hypothesis of uniform rotation smoothes out the complex fluctuations present in the 3D velocity field. Our results may well provide a natural explanation for the discrepancy by a factor of similar to 10 observed between the intrinsic 3D distributions of the specific angular momentum and the corresponding distributions derived in real observations. We suggest that previous and future measurements of the specific angular momentum of dense cores which are based on the measurement of the observed global velocity gradients may need to be reduced by a factor of similar to 10 in order to derive a more accurate estimate of the true specific angular momentum in the cores. We also show that the exponent of the size-specific angular momentum relation is smaller (similar to 1.4) in the synthetic observations than their values derived in the 3D space (similar to 1.8). C1 [Dib, Sami; Csengeri, Timea; Audit, Edouard] CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Dib, Sami] Univ Utrecht, Astron Inst, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Dib, Sami] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Hennebelle, Patrick] Ecole Normale Super, UMR CNRS 8112, Lab Radioastron, Observ Paris, F-75231 Paris 05, France. [Pineda, Jaime E.; Goodman, Alyssa A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bontemps, Sylvain] CNRS INU, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, UMR 5804, F-33271 Floirac, France. [Goodman, Alyssa A.] Harvard Univ, Initiat Innovat Comp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dib, S (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM sami.dib@cea.fr RI Audit, edouard/E-6979-2012; Pineda, Jaime/J-7405-2013; Goodman, Alyssa/A-6007-2010; OI Pineda, Jaime/0000-0002-3972-1978; Goodman, Alyssa/0000-0003-1312-0477; Dib, Sami /0000-0002-8697-9808 FU Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France); FP6 Marie-Curie Research Training Network Constellation: the origin of stellar masses [MRTN-CT-2006-035890]; National Science Foundation [AST-0908159] FX We thank the referee for her/his constructive comments. We also thank Anne-Khatarina Jappsen, Stella Offner, and Chris McKee for interesting discussions on issues related to the topic of this paper. S. Dib acknowledges support from the project MAGNET of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France) and is very grateful to Soren Larsen for his hospitality at the Astronomical Institute in Utrecht and to Andreas Burkert for his hospitality at the Excellence Cluster Universe in Garching and to the hospitality of the Institute of Theory and Computation at Harvard University. T. Csengeri acknowledges support from the FP6 Marie-Curie Research Training Network Constellation: the origin of stellar masses (MRTN-CT-2006-035890). The numerical simulations were performed on 256 processors of the SGI ALTIX machine JADE at the Centre Informatique National de l'Enseignement Superieur (CINES). This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-0908159. NR 89 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 1 BP 425 EP 439 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/1/425 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678OX UT WOS:000284090100036 ER PT J AU Kirk, H Pineda, JE Johnstone, D Goodman, A AF Kirk, Helen Pineda, Jaime E. Johnstone, Doug Goodman, Alyssa TI THE DYNAMICS OF DENSE CORES IN THE PERSEUS MOLECULAR CLOUD. II. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DENSE CORES AND THE CLOUD SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: clouds; ISM: individual objects (Perseus Molecular Cloud); ISM: kinematics and dynamics; ISM: molecules; turbulence ID STAR-FORMING REGIONS; DUST; NEARBY; TURBULENCE; OUTFLOWS; NH3 AB We utilize the extensive data sets available for the Perseus molecular cloud to analyze the relationship between the kinematics of small-scale dense cores and the larger structures in which they are embedded. The kinematic measures presented here can be used in conjunction with those discussed in our previous work as strong observational constraints that numerical simulations (or analytic models) of star formation should match. We find that dense cores have small motions with respect to the (13)CO gas, about one third of the (13)CO velocity dispersion along the same line of sight. Within each extinction region, the core-to-core velocity dispersion is about half of the total ((13)CO) velocity dispersion seen in the region. Large-scale velocity gradients account for roughly half of the total velocity dispersion in each region, similar to what is predicted from large-scale turbulent modes following a power spectrum of P(k) proportional to k(-4). C1 [Kirk, Helen; Johnstone, Doug] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8P 1A1, Canada. [Kirk, Helen; Johnstone, Doug] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Kirk, Helen; Pineda, Jaime E.; Goodman, Alyssa] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kirk, H (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM hkirk@cfa.harvard.edu RI Pineda, Jaime/J-7405-2013; Goodman, Alyssa/A-6007-2010; OI Pineda, Jaime/0000-0002-3972-1978; Goodman, Alyssa/0000-0003-1312-0477; Johnstone, Doug/0000-0002-6773-459X FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; SAO; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NSF [AF002, AST-9613615]; Fundacion Andes [C-13442]; NRAO [GSSP06-0015, GSSP08-0031]; National Science Foundation [AST-0407172, AST-0908159] FX We thank Stella Offner for participating in a series of lively discussions amongst the authors on various projection effects and for providing a quick analysis of a core in a 3D simulation in order to test several ideas. H. K. also thanks Fabian Heitsch for an informative discussion on velocity gradients caused by large-scale modes of turbulence. Finally, we thank the referee for a thorough and thoughtful report which improved our paper, particularly in the statistics presented. H. K. is supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Postdoctoral Fellowship, with additional support from the SAO. D.J. is supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada grant. J.E.P. is supported by the NSF through grant AF002 from the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NSF cooperative agreement AST-9613615 and by Fundacion Andes under project No. C-13442. Support for this work was provided by the NSF through awards GSSP06-0015 and GSSP08-0031 from the NRAO. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. AST-0407172 and AST-0908159 to A.A.G. NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 1 BP 457 EP 475 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/1/457 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678OX UT WOS:000284090100039 ER PT J AU Kharb, P Hota, A Croston, JH Hardcastle, MJ O'Dea, CP Kraft, RP Axon, DJ Robinson, A AF Kharb, P. Hota, Ananda Croston, J. H. Hardcastle, M. J. O'Dea, C. P. Kraft, R. P. Axon, D. J. Robinson, A. TI PARSEC-SCALE IMAGING OF THE RADIO-BUBBLE SEYFERT GALAXY NGC 6764 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (NGC 6764); galaxies: jets; galaxies: Seyfert; radio continuum: galaxies; techniques: interferometric ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; NARROW-LINE REGION; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; INFRARED GALAXIES; RELATIVISTIC JET; VLA OBSERVATIONS; CIRCINUS GALAXY; ACCRETION DISKS; SPIRAL GALAXIES; PRECESSING JETS AB We have observed the composite active galactic nucleus (AGN)-starburst galaxy NGC 6764 with the Very Long Baseline Array at 1.6 and 4.9 GHz. These observations have detected a "core-jet" structure and a possible weak counterjet component at 1.6 GHz. The upper limits to the core and jet (1.6-4.9 GHz) spectral index are 0.6 and 0.3, respectively. Taken together with the high brightness temperature of similar to 10(7) K for the core region, the radio emission appears to be coming from a synchrotron jet. At a position angle of similar to 25 degrees, the parsec-scale jet seems to be pointing closely toward the western edge of the southern kpc-scale bubble in NGC 6764. A real connection between the parsec-and sub-kpc-scale emission would not only suggest the presence of a curved jet, but also a close link between the AGN jet and the radio bubbles in NGC 6764. We demonstrate that a precessing jet model can explain the radio morphology from parsec to sub-kpc scales, and the model best-fit parameters of jet speed and orientation are fully consistent with the observed jet-to-counterjet surface brightness ratio. The jet however appears to be disrupted on scales of hundreds of parsecs, possibly due to interaction with and entrainment of the interstellar medium gas, which subsequently leads to the formation of bubbles. The jet energetics in NGC 6764 suggest that it would take 12-21 Myr to inflate the (southern) bubble. This timescale corresponds roughly to the starburst episode that took place in NGC 6764 about 15-50 Myr ago, and could be indicative of a close connection between jet formation and the starburst activity in this galaxy. C1 [Kharb, P.; O'Dea, C. P.; Axon, D. J.; Robinson, A.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Hota, Ananda] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei, Taiwan. [Croston, J. H.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. [Hardcastle, M. J.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Kraft, R. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Axon, D. J.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England. RP Kharb, P (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM kharb@cis.rit.edu RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012 OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Royal Society FX We thank the referee for helpful suggestions which have improved this paper significantly. We acknowledge the technical help provided by Joan Wrobel in scheduling the VLBA observations. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. M.J.H. thanks the Royal Society for support. NR 73 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 1 BP 580 EP 586 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/1/580 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678OX UT WOS:000284090100050 ER PT J AU Blake, CH Charbonneau, D White, RJ AF Blake, Cullen H. Charbonneau, David White, Russel J. TI THE NIRSPEC ULTRACOOL DWARF RADIAL VELOCITY SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE brown dwarfs; stars: low-mass; techniques: radial velocities ID LOW-MASS STARS; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS; YOUNG BROWN DWARFS; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; DYNAMICAL MASS; WAVELENGTH REFERENCES; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARY; STELLAR-MASS; T DWARFS AB We report the results of an infrared Doppler survey designed to detect brown dwarf and giant planetary companions to a magnitude-limited sample of ultracool dwarfs. Using the NIRSPEC spectrograph on the Keck II telescope, we obtained approximately 600 radial velocity (RV) measurements over a period of six years of a sample of 59 late-M and L dwarfs spanning spectral types M8/L0 to L6. A subsample of 46 of our targets has been observed on three or more epochs. We rely on telluric CH4 absorption features in Earth's atmosphere as a simultaneous wavelength reference and exploit the rich set of CO absorption features found in the K-band spectra of cool stars and brown dwarfs to measure RVs and projected rotational velocities. For a bright, slowly rotating M dwarf standard we demonstrate an RV precision of 50 m s(-1) and for slowly rotating L dwarfs we achieve a typical RV precision of approximately 200 m s(-1). This precision is sufficient for the detection of close-in giant planetary companions to mid-L dwarfs as well as more equal mass spectroscopic binary systems with small separations (a < 2 AU). We present an orbital solution for the subdwarf binary LSR1610-0040 as well as an improved solution for the M/T binary 2M0320-04. We compare the distribution of our observed values for the projected rotational velocities, V sin i, to those in the literature and find that our sample contains examples of slowly rotating mid-L dwarfs, which have not been seen in other surveys. We also combine our RV measurements with distance estimates and proper motions from the literature and estimate the dispersion of the space velocities of the objects in our sample. Using a kinematic age estimate, we conclude that our UCDs have an age of 5.0(-0.6)(+0.7) Gyr, similar to that of nearby sun-like stars. We simulate the efficiency with which we detect spectroscopic binaries and find that the rate of tight (a < 1 AU) binaries in our sample is 2.5(-1.6)(+8.6)%, consistent with recent estimates in the literature of a tight binary fraction of 3%-4%. C1 [Blake, Cullen H.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Blake, Cullen H.; Charbonneau, David] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [White, Russel J.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Blake, CH (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall,Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. OI Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X FU Harvard Origins of Life Initiative; NExSci; NSF; W. M. Keck Foundation FX We thank D. Saumon and M. Marley for providing the library of high-resolution synthetic UCD spectra that made this work possible as well as for thoughtful comments on this manuscript. We are grateful to the referee, A. Reiners, for his careful reading of our manuscript and his many helpful suggestions for improvements. We thank D. Spiegel for several helpful discussions about statistics. It is a pleasure to acknowledge D. Latham, C. Stubbs, G. Torres for their guidance throughout this work. We also thank D. Finkbeiner, A. Loeb, and K. Stassun for helpful discussions and suggestions for improvements to this work. We also thank J. Bailey for helpful discussions throughout the process of reducing and analyzing the NIRSPEC data. C.H.B. acknowledges financial support from the Harvard Origins of Life Initiative, NExSci, and the NSF Astronomy & Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship program. Data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory in part with telescope time allocated to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the agency(tm)s scientific partnership with the California Institute of Technology and the University of California. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. We thank G. Hill, J. Lyke, and the Keck staff for their support over the course of this program. The Keck Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W.M. Keck Foundation. The authors recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. This research has benefited from the M, L, and T dwarf compendium housed at DwarfArchives.org and maintained by C. Gelino, D. Kirkpatrick, and A. Burgasser. NR 109 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 1 BP 684 EP 706 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/1/684 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678OX UT WOS:000284090100059 ER PT J AU Cohen, O Drake, JJ Kashyap, VL Sokolov, IV Gombosi, TI AF Cohen, O. Drake, J. J. Kashyap, V. L. Sokolov, I. V. Gombosi, T. I. TI THE IMPACT OF HOT JUPITERS ON THE SPIN-DOWN OF THEIR HOST STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE planet-star interactions; stars: coronae; stars: magnetic field ID ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; GIANT PLANETS; SOLAR-WIND; EVOLUTION; SYSTEMS; SPOTS AB We present a numerical magnetohydrodynamic study of the dependence of stellar mass and angular momentum loss rates on the orbital distance to close-in giant planets. We find that the mass loss rate drops by a factor of approximate to 1.5-2, while the angular momentum loss rate drops by a factor of approximate to 4 as the distance decreases past the Alfven surface. This reduction in angular momentum loss is due to the interaction between the stellar and planetary Alfven surfaces, which modifies the global structure of the stellar corona and stellar wind on the hemisphere facing the planet, as well as on the opposite hemisphere. The simulation also shows that the magnitude of change in angular momentum loss rate depends mostly on the strength of the planetary magnetic field and not on its polarity. The interaction, however, begins at greater separation if the overall field topology of the star and the planet are anti-aligned. Our results are consistent with evidence for excess angular momentum in stars harboring close-in giant planets and show that the reduction in wind-driven angular momentum loss can compete with, and perhaps dominate, spin-up due to tidal interaction. C1 [Cohen, O.; Drake, J. J.; Kashyap, V. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sokolov, I. V.; Gombosi, T. I.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Space Environm Modeling, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Cohen, O (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Gombosi, Tamas/G-4238-2011; Sokolov, Igor/H-9860-2013; OI Gombosi, Tamas/0000-0001-9360-4951; Sokolov, Igor/0000-0002-6118-0469; Cohen, Ofer/0000-0003-3721-0215 FU SHINE through NSF [ATM-0823592]; NASA-LWSTRT [NNG05GM44G]; NASA [NAS8-39073]; NASA ESS; NASA ESTO-CT; NSF KDI; DoD MURI FX We thank an unknown referee for his/hers useful comments. O.C. is supported by SHINE through NSF ATM-0823592 grant and by NASA-LWSTRT Grant NNG05GM44G. J.J.D. and V.L.K. were funded by the NASA contract NAS8-39073 to the Chandra X-ray Center. Simulation results were obtained using the Space Weather Modeling Framework, developed by the Center for Space Environment Modeling, at the University of Michigan with funding support from NASA ESS, NASA ESTO-CT, NSF KDI, and DoD MURI. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 1 BP L64 EP L67 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/723/1/L64 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678LJ UT WOS:000284075200013 ER PT J AU Brinklov, S Kalko, EKV Surlykke, A AF Brinklov, Signe Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. Surlykke, Annemarie TI Dynamic adjustment of biosonar intensity to habitat clutter in the bat Macrophyllum macrophyllum (Phyllostomidae) SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Source level; Biosonar intensity; Phyllostomidae; Bat; Echolocation ID FRUIT-EATING BATS; ECHOLOCATING BATS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; PIPISTRELLE BATS; DAUBENTONS BATS; PREY CAPTURE; BULLDOG BAT; FLIGHT; FIELD AB Echolocating bats adjust the time-frequency structure such as sweep rate and pulse interval of their sonar calls when they move from open space to vegetation-dense environments. Emitted call intensity is equally important for echolocation, but adjustment of signal intensity to different habitats has never been systematically studied in any bat species. To address this question, we recorded sonar calls of the Neotropical trawling insectivorous bat Macrophyllum macrophyllum (Phyllostomidae) at three sites with different obstacle densities (clutter). We found a clear correlation between emitted intensity and degree of clutter, with intensity proportional to decreasing clutter. In highly cluttered, semicluttered, and open spaces, M. macrophyllum emitted calls with mean source levels (sound pressure level (SPL) 10 cm from the bat's mouth) of 100, 105, and 111 dB SPL root mean square (rms), respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of dynamic intensity adjustments in bats. Phyllostomid bats were previously considered silent, but the 111-dB SPL rms emitted by free-ranging M. macrophyllum in open space is comparable to output in aerial insectivorous bats from other families. Our results suggest that the acoustic constraints of habitats are better predictors of call intensity than phylogeny and therefore likely to be major drivers shaping the sonar system of bats in the course of evolution. C1 [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Brinklov, S (reprint author), Univ So Denmark, Inst Biol, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. EM brinklov@biology.sdu.dk FU Danish Natural Science Research foundation; Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI); German Science Foundation (DFG) FX Research was funded by the Danish Natural Science Research foundation (to A. S. and S. B.), the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin (fellowship support of A. S.), and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) and the German Science Foundation (DFG; to E. K. V. K.). We thank Jakob Christensen-Dalsgaard and John Ratcliffe for comments on previous manuscript versions and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions. We also thank Christian Brandt for positioning software, Ulrik Norum for help with statistic analysis, and STRI and Isla Barro Colorado staff for excellent research facilities. Research complied with laws of Panama and IACUC regulations of STRI. NR 38 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 64 IS 11 BP 1867 EP 1874 DI 10.1007/s00265-010-0998-9 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 662PM UT WOS:000282823800014 ER PT J AU Deichmann, JL Williamson, GB Lima, AP Allmon, WD AF Deichmann, Jessica L. Williamson, G. Bruce Lima, Albertina P. Allmon, Warren D. TI A note on amphibian decline in a central Amazonian lowland forest SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Amazonia; Amphibian decline; Biomass; Brazil; Conservation; Long term studies ID POPULATION DECLINES; FROGS; EXTINCTIONS; DISEASE; AMERICA; CLIMATE; TRENDS; BRAZIL AB The massive reductions in amphibian populations taking place across the globe are unprecedented in modern times. Within the Neotropics, the enigmatic decline of amphibians has been considered predominantly a montane phenomenon; however, recent evidence suggests amphibian and reptile populations in lowland forests in Central America are waning as well. Unfortunately, very little baseline data are available for conducting large scale time series studies in order to further investigate and confirm declines in the lowland forests of tropical America. Here we compare leaf litter herpetofauna abundance at sites in the Central Amazon, sampled first in 1984-1985 and again in 2007. We find no evidence for a decline in abundance or biomass of amphibians over a period of 22 years at this site. This conclusion differs markedly from the decline of 75% in amphibian populations over 35 years at a lowland site in Costa Rica. To explore potential declines in lowland Neotropical amphibian populations in detail, we suggest that existing baseline data be comprehensively compiled and analyzed for previously sampled sites and that these sites be re-sampled using comparable methodologies. C1 [Deichmann, Jessica L.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Deichmann, Jessica L.; Williamson, G. Bruce] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Deichmann, Jessica L.; Williamson, G. Bruce] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Deichmann, Jessica L.; Williamson, G. Bruce] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Lima, Albertina P.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, BR-69060001 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Allmon, Warren D.] Cornell Univ, Paleontol Res Inst, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Allmon, Warren D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Deichmann, JL (reprint author), Conservat Int, 2011 Crystal Dr,Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM jessicdeichmann@gmail.com FU Conservation, Food and Health Foundation; U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0639114]; Louisiana Governor's Office of Environmental Education; Louisiana State University Biograds FX We thank the staff at the BDFFP for their help with logistics and J. Fragata for assistance in the field. We also thank M. Sasa and S. Whitfield for valuable comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the Conservation, Food and Health Foundation, the U.S. National Science Foundation (DEB-0639114), the Louisiana Governor's Office of Environmental Education and the Louisiana State University Biograds. Fieldwork was conducted in Brazil in 2007 with permits from CNPq (EXC 006-06-C) and IBAMA (no. 222./2006). This is publication #560 in the BDFFP technical series. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 19 IS 12 BP 3619 EP 3627 DI 10.1007/s10531-010-9920-z PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662PR UT WOS:000282824300021 ER PT J AU Leponce, M Basset, Y AF Leponce, Maurice Basset, Yves TI Megadiversity of arthropods of canopies SO BIOFUTUR LA French DT Article ID HERBIVOROUS INSECTS; SPECIES RICHNESS; FORESTS C1 [Leponce, Maurice] Inst Royal Sci Nat Belgique, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Basset, Yves] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Leponce, M (reprint author), Inst Royal Sci Nat Belgique, 29 Rue Vautier, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. RI Basset, Yves/B-6642-2014 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0294-3506 J9 BIOFUTUR JI Biofutur PD NOV PY 2010 IS 315 BP 30 EP 33 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 690FG UT WOS:000284987300003 ER PT J AU Meyer, CFJ Aguiar, LMS Aguirre, LF Baumgarten, J Clarke, FM Cosson, JF Villegas, SE Fahr, J Faria, D Furey, N Henry, M Hodgkison, R Jenkins, RKB Jung, KG Kingston, T Kunz, TH MacSwiney, MC Moya, I Pons, JM Racey, PA Rex, K Sampaio, EM Stoner, KE Voigt, CC von Staden, D Weise, CD Kalko, EKV AF Meyer, Christoph F. J. Aguiar, Ludmilla M. S. Aguirre, Luis F. Baumgarten, Julio Clarke, Frank M. Cosson, Jean-Francois Villegas, Sergio Estrada Fahr, Jakob Faria, Deborah Furey, Neil Henry, Mickael Hodgkison, Robert Jenkins, Richard K. B. Jung, Kirsten G. Kingston, Tigga Kunz, Thomas H. Cristina MacSwiney G, M. Moya, Isabel Pons, Jean-Marc Racey, Paul A. Rex, Katja Sampaio, Erica M. Stoner, Kathryn E. Voigt, Christian C. von Staden, Dietrich Weise, Christa D. Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. TI Long-term monitoring of tropical bats for anthropogenic impact assessment: Gauging the statistical power to detect population change SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity monitoring; Chiroptera; Population decline; Population trends; Power analysis; Sampling design ID PRESENCE-ABSENCE; FRUGIVOROUS BATS; POINT COUNTS; ABUNDANCE; TRENDS; FOREST; DESIGN; CONSERVATION; INVENTORY; ASSEMBLAGES AB Bats are ecologically important mammals in tropical ecosystems; however, their populations face numerous environmental threats related to climate change, habitat loss, fragmentation, hunting, and emerging diseases. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop and implement large-scale networks to monitor trends in bat populations over extended time periods. Using data from a range of Neotropical and Paleotropical bat assemblages, we assessed the ability for long-term monitoring programs to reliably detect temporal trends in species abundance. We explored the magnitude of within-site temporal variation in abundance and evaluated the statistical power of a suite of different sampling designs for several different bat species and ensembles. Despite pronounced temporal variation in abundance of most tropical bat species, power simulations suggest that long-term monitoring programs (>= 20 years) can detect population trends of 5% per year or more with adequate statistical power (>= 0.9). However, shorter monitoring programs (<= 10 years) have insufficient power for trend detection. Overall, our analyses demonstrate that a monitoring program extending over 20 years with four surveys conducted biennially on five plots per monitoring site would have the potential for detecting a 5% annual change in abundance for a suite of bat species from different ensembles. The likelihood of reaching adequate statistical power was sensitive to initial species abundance and the magnitude of count variation, stressing that only the most abundant species in an assemblage and those with generally low variation in abundance should be considered for detailed population monitoring. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Meyer, Christoph F. J.; Fahr, Jakob; Hodgkison, Robert; Jung, Kirsten G.; Sampaio, Erica M.; von Staden, Dietrich; Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Aguiar, Ludmilla M. S.] Univ Brasilia, Dept Zool, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Aguirre, Luis F.] Univ Mayor San Simon, Ctr Biodiversidad & Genet, Cochabamba, Bolivia. [Clarke, Frank M.; Furey, Neil; Jenkins, Richard K. B.; Cristina MacSwiney G, M.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Cosson, Jean-Francois] INRA, UMR CBGP, Montferrier Sur Lez, France. [Villegas, Sergio Estrada] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Henry, Mickael] INRA, UMR Abeilles & Environm 406, Avignon, France. [Kingston, Tigga] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Kunz, Thomas H.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Conservat Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Aguirre, Luis F.; Moya, Isabel] Programa Conservac Murcielagos Bolivia, Ctr Estudios Biol Teor & Aplicada, La Paz, Bolivia. [Pons, Jean-Marc] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Systemat & Evolut, UMR 7205, F-75231 Paris, France. [Racey, Paul A.] Univ Exeter Cornwall, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn, England. [Rex, Katja; Voigt, Christian C.] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, Berlin, Germany. [Stoner, Kathryn E.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Ecosistemas, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Madagasikara Voakajy, Antananarivo, Madagascar. [Cristina MacSwiney G, M.] Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest Trop, Cordoba, Mexico. RP Meyer, CFJ (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Biol Ambiental, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. EM cmeyer@fc.ul.pt RI Meyer, Christoph/A-4363-2012; Jenkins, Richard/A-4567-2012; Faria, Deborah/F-2879-2010; Fahr, Jakob/E-8831-2012; Aguiar, Ludmilla/H-7339-2015; baumgarten, julio/A-5630-2012; Aguiar, Ludmilla /J-7659-2012; Stoner, Kathryn/E-1510-2015; OI Meyer, Christoph/0000-0001-9958-8913; Fahr, Jakob/0000-0002-9174-1204; Aguiar, Ludmilla/0000-0002-9180-5052; baumgarten, julio/0000-0001-9258-7547; Aguiar, Ludmilla /0000-0002-9180-5052; Stoner, Kathryn/0000-0002-9964-1697; Cosson, Jean Francois/0000-0003-0863-5871 FU Conservation International (CI); MacArthur Foundation; Wildlife Trust; German Academic Exchange Service - DAAD; German Science Foundation - DFG [KA 1241/6-1, Vo 890/7]; Leverhulme Trust; National Geographic Society; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research - BMBF [01LC0017, 01LC0411, 01LC0617E1]; Center for Ecology and Conservation Biology, Boston University; Lubee Bat Conservancy; US National Science Foundation; Landesgraduiertenforderung Baden-Wurttemberg; Darwin Initiative; Rufford Foundation; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [168990]; University of Aberdeen; Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa - CNPq; Electricite de France [CQZH 1294]; Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico FX We wish to thank Conservation International (CI) for funding. The authors further acknowledge support from the following organizations for funding of the studies included in this work: The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (LFA, IM), The Wildlife Trust (LFA, IM), German Academic Exchange Service - DAAD (KGJ, CFJM, JF), German Science Foundation - DFG (CFJM, EKVK [KA 1241/6-1], CCV [Vo 890/7]), The Leverhulme Trust (FMC), The National Geographic Society (RKBJ), German Federal Ministry of Education and Research - BMBF (JF, EKVK [BIOTA program, Project 01LC0017, 01LC0411 & 01LC0617E1]), The Center for Ecology and Conservation Biology, Boston University (THK, RH, KR, CCV), Lubee Bat Conservancy (THK, RH, TK), US National Science Foundation (THK, TK), Landesgraduiertenforderung Baden-Wurttemberg (JF), The Darwin Initiative (NF, RKBJ), The Rufford Foundation (NF), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (MCMG [No. 168990]), The University of Aberdeen (MCMG), Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa - CNPq (LMSA), Electricite de France (MH, JFC, JMP [Convention Museum/EDF CQZH 1294]), and Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (KES). NR 65 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 143 IS 11 BP 2797 EP 2807 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.07.029 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 670HR UT WOS:000283412300044 ER PT J AU Terrell, KA Wildt, DE Anthony, NM Bavister, BD Leibo, SP Penfold, LM Marker, LL Crosier, AE AF Terrell, Kimberly A. Wildt, David E. Anthony, Nicola M. Bavister, Barry D. Leibo, Stanley P. Penfold, Linda M. Marker, Laurie L. Crosier, Adrienne E. TI Evidence for Compromised Metabolic Function and Limited Glucose Uptake in Spermatozoa from the Teratospermic Domestic Cat (Felis catus) and Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE felid; gamete; gamete biology; glucose; lactate; pyruvate; sperm; spermatozoa; sperm metabolism; sperm motility and transport ID IN-VITRO CAPACITATION; NORTH-AMERICAN ZOOS; DOG SPERMATOZOA; ACROSOME REACTION; SPERM MOTILITY; OXIDATIVE-PHOSPHORYLATION; LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE; MAMMALIAN SPERMATOZOA; GLYCOGEN-METABOLISM; EJACULATE TRAITS AB Cheetahs and certain other felids consistently ejaculate high proportions (>= 60%) of malformed spermatozoa, a condition known as teratospermia, which is prevalent in humans. Even seemingly normal spermatozoa from domestic cat teratospermic ejaculates have reduced fertilizing capacity. To understand the role of sperm metabolism in this phenomenon, we conducted a comparative study in the normospermic domestic cat versus the teratospermic cat and cheetah with the general hypothesis that sperm metabolic function is impaired in males producing predominantly pleiomorphic spermatozoa. Washed ejaculates were incubated in chemically defined medium containing glucose and pyruvate. Uptake of glucose and pyruvate and production of lactate were assessed using enzyme-linked fluorescence assays. Spermatozoa from domestic cats and cheetahs exhibited similar metabolic profiles, with minimal glucose metabolism and approximately equimolar rates of pyruvate uptake and lactate production. Compared to normospermic counterparts, pyruvate and lactate metabolism were reduced in teratospermic cat and cheetah ejaculates, even when controlling for sperm motility. Rates of pyruvate and lactate (but not glucose) metabolism were correlated positively with sperm motility, acrosomal integrity, and normal morphology. Collectively, our findings reveal that pyruvate uptake and lactate production are reliable, quantitative indicators of sperm quality in these two felid species and that metabolic function is impaired in teratospermic ejaculates. Furthermore, patterns of substrate utilization are conserved between these species, including the unexpected lack of exogenous glucose metabolism. Because glycolysis is required to support sperm motility and capacitation in certain other mammals (including dogs), the activity of this pathway in felid spermatozoa is a target for future investigation. C1 [Terrell, Kimberly A.; Wildt, David E.; Crosier, Adrienne E.] Ctr Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Terrell, Kimberly A.; Anthony, Nicola M.; Leibo, Stanley P.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Bavister, Barry D.] Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Penfold, Linda M.] White Oak Conservat Ctr, Yulee, FL USA. [Marker, Laurie L.] Cheetah Conservat Fund, Otjiwarongo, Namibia. RP Crosier, AE (reprint author), Ctr Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, 1500 Remt Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM crosiera@si.edu FU National Science Foundation; Louisiana State University and Audubon Center for Research of Endangered Species; Ohrstrom Family Foundation; William H. Donner Foundation, Inc. FX Supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program, Louisiana State University and Audubon Center for Research of Endangered Species Grant Program, the Ohrstrom Family Foundation, and the William H. Donner Foundation, Inc. Portions of this manuscript were presented at the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction, 18-22 July 2009, Pittsburg, PA. NR 86 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1691 MONROE ST,SUITE # 3, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 EI 1529-7268 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 BP 833 EP 841 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.110.085639 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 670CQ UT WOS:000283398900019 PM 20650882 ER PT J AU Ruiz-Jaen, MC Potvin, C AF Ruiz-Jaen, Maria C. Potvin, Catherine TI Tree Diversity Explains Variation in Ecosystem Function in a Neotropical Forest in Panama SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE dominance; environment; principal coordinates of neighbor matrices (PCNM); redundancy analyses (RDA); space; species richness; tree carbon storage ID CENTRAL AMAZONIAN FOREST; TROPICAL FORESTS; CARBON STORAGE; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; PLANT DIVERSITY; WOOD DENSITY; RAIN-FOREST; PRECIPITATION GRADIENT; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AB Many experimental studies show that a decline in species number has a negative effect on ecosystem function, however less is known about this pattern in natural communities. We examined the relative importance of environment, space, and diversity on ecosystem function, specifically tree carbon storage in four plant types (understory/canopy; trees/palms), in a tropical forest in central Panama. The objectives of this study were to detect the relationship between tree diversity and carbon storage given the environmental and spatial variation that occur in natural forests and to determine which species diversity measure is more important to tree carbon storage: richness or dominance. We used redundancy analyses to partition the effect of these sources of variation on tree carbon storage. We showed that together, environment, space, and diversity accounted for 43 percent of tree carbon storage, where diversity (19%) alone is the most important source of variation and explained more variation than space (13%) and environment (1%) together. Therefore, even in natural forests where substantial environment and spatial variation can be found, it is still possible to detect the effect of diversity on ecosystem function at scales relevant to conservation. Moreover, both richness and dominance are important to explain the variation on tree carbon storage in natural forests suggesting that these two diversity measures are complementary. Thus, tree diversity is important to predict tree carbon storage in hyperdiverse forests. C1 [Ruiz-Jaen, Maria C.; Potvin, Catherine] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Potvin, Catherine] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Ruiz-Jaen, MC (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Biol, 1205 Dr Penfield, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. EM maria.ruizjaen@mail.mcgill.ca RI Ruiz-Jaen, Maria/A-3119-2008 FU Panamanian Government; NSERC (Canada) FX MCRJ was supported by IFARHU-SENACYT from the Panamanian Government and CP acknowledges a Discovery Grant from NSERC (Canada). F. A. Jones, M. J. Lechowicz, K. R. Kirby, J. Pelletier, M. Pena-Claros, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments. We thank L. Mancilla, J. A. Quintero, D. Gomez, J. Leblanc, and S. Bonilla for their help in the collection and processing of environment data. We also thank S. Lao for assistance with data base management of CTFS and X. Thibert-Plante for his help in R functions. NR 78 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD NOV PY 2010 VL 42 IS 6 BP 638 EP 646 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00631.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676WP UT WOS:000283949700003 ER PT J AU Chin, SW Wen, J Johnson, G Potter, D AF Chin, Siew-Wai Wen, Jun Johnson, Gabriel Potter, Dan TI Merging Maddenia with the morphologically diverse Prunus (Rosaceae) SO BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ITS; Laurocerasus; ndhF; Padus; phylogeny ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; DNA; SYSTEMATICS; MODEL AB Maddenia (Rosaceae) has been distinguished from Prunus on the basis of its tepaloid perianth and one- to two-carpellate gynoecium. These distinctive morphological traits nonetheless overlap with several Prunus spp. Maddenia has previously been shown to be nested within Prunus, more specifically within a clade containing members of subgenera Laurocerasus and Padus, but its phylogenetic position within that clade has not been defined precisely. This study clarifies the position of Maddenia within Prunus through phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and plastid ndhF sequences, with an expanded sampling of tropical species of subgenus Laurocerasus and the inclusion of three Maddenia spp. The monophyly of Maddenia is supported by both the ITS and ndhF analyses, but both datasets support the inclusion of Maddenia in Prunus. All trees from the ITS analysis and some trees from the ndhF analysis also support a close alliance of Maddenia with a clade comprising temperate species of subgenera Laurocerasus and Padus. On the basis of these results, all recognized species of Maddenia are herein formally transferred to Prunus, which requires four new combinations and one new name: Prunus fujianensis (Y.T.Chang) J.Wen, comb. nov.; Prunus himalayana J.Wen, nom. nov.; Prunus hypoleuca (Koehne) J.Wen, comb. nov.; Prunus hypoxantha (Koehne) J.Wen, comb. nov.; and Prunus incisoserrata (T.T.Yu & T.C.Ku) J.Wen, comb. nov. (C) 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 164, 236-245. C1 [Chin, Siew-Wai; Potter, Dan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wen, Jun; Johnson, Gabriel] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Chin, SW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, MS2, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM csiewwai@ucdavis.edu FU NSF [0515431]; Smithsonian Endowment Program FX This study was supported by NSF Award number 0515431 and the Smithsonian Endowment Program. New sequences were generated at the Laboratory of Analytical Biology of the Smithsonian Institution. Field assistance was provided by M. Dillon, C.-X. Fu, N. T. Hiep, N. Q. Hieu, M. Nee, Z.-L. Nie, E. Ortiz, Y.-X. Qiu and E. Widjaja. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4074 J9 BOT J LINN SOC JI Bot. J. Linnean Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 164 IS 3 BP 236 EP 245 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01083.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 673VK UT WOS:000283691800002 ER PT J AU Germain, RR Marra, PP Kyser, TK Ratcliffe, LM AF Germain, Ryan R. Marra, Peter P. Kyser, T. Kurt Ratcliffe, Laurene M. TI ADULT-LIKE PLUMAGE COLORATION PREDICTS WINTER TERRITORY QUALITY AND TIMING OF ARRIVAL ON THE BREEDING GROUNDS OF YEARLING MALE AMERICAN REDSTARTS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE American Redstart; arrival date; delayed plumage maturation; plumage color; Setophaga ruticilla; winter habitat quality; yearling plumage ID DISTANCE MIGRATORY BIRD; SETOPHAGA-RUTICILLA; NONBREEDING SEASON; HABITAT SEGREGATION; MIGRANT WARBLER; PASSERINE BIRDS; MATURATION; DOMINANCE; AGGRESSION; EXPRESSION AB The quality of winter territory can have important consequences for migratory songbirds throughout the year. In the American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla), a warbler in which plumage maturation is delayed, yearling males winter in a variety of habitat types that vary in quality. Little is known regarding which physical traits allow some yearlings to occupy higher-quality sites. Here, we measured eight variables characterizing the plumage and morphology of yearling males in two habitats that differ in suitability to determine which aspects of phenotype predict winter habitat occupancy. Yearlings wintering in high-quality mangrove habitat in Jamaica had more extensive adult-like black plumage on their breast than those in low-quality scrub. No other phenotypic differences associated with winter habitat were detected. Additionally, yearling males arriving earlier on the breeding grounds in Ontario had more extensively black breasts than those arriving later. Previous studies using stable carbon isotopes have linked adult male American Redstarts' date of arrival in the breeding range with quality of their winter habitat. Our findings indicate an association between the extent of adult-like plumage and habitat occupancy, suggesting that variation in yearling males' appearance may be correlated with their ability to compete for high-quality habitat. C1 [Germain, Ryan R.; Ratcliffe, Laurene M.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Kyser, T. Kurt] Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Geol Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Germain, RR (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM rgermain@interchange.ubc.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; National Science Foundation FX We are grateful to the many field assistants whose tireless work contributed to this study, and to R. Montgomerie and T. Murphy, who provided color-analysis equipment and support. Assistance with stable-isotope analysis was graciously provided by K. Klassen and A. Vuletich. We thank M. Reudink, K. Delmore, R. Robertson, P. Martin, W. Plaxton, and K. Munhall for providing helpful comments and insight on this manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (grants to TKK and LMR) and the National Science Foundation (grant to PPM). NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 33 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2010 VL 112 IS 4 BP 676 EP 682 DI 10.1525/cond.2010.090193 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 700HD UT WOS:000285727700006 ER PT J AU Edmonds, ST Evers, DC Cristol, DA Mettke-Hofmann, C Powell, LL McGann, AJ Armiger, JW Lane, OP Tessler, DF Newell, P Heyden, K O'Driscoll, NJ AF Edmonds, Samuel T. Evers, David C. Cristol, Daniel A. Mettke-Hofmann, Claudia Powell, Luke L. McGann, Andrew J. Armiger, Jacob W. Lane, Oksana P. Tessler, David F. Newell, Patti Heyden, Kathryn O'Driscoll, Nelson J. TI GEOGRAPHIC AND SEASONAL VARIATION IN MERCURY EXPOSURE OF THE DECLINING RUSTY BLACKBIRD SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE boreal wetlands; Euphagus carolinus; icterid; mercury; methylmercury; Rusty Blackbird ID NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; LIVING TREE SWALLOWS; TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; COMMON LOONS; WILD BIRDS; METHYLMERCURY; CONTAMINATION; RIVER; AVAILABILITY; REPRODUCTION AB Recent evidence suggests that mercury exposure has negative effects on the health of songbirds, and species that forage in wetlands may be at a greater risk of bioaccumulation of mercury than are those of other habitats. We examined mercury concentrations in blood and feathers from the wetland obligate and rapidly declining Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) from five regions across North America: three wintering areas in the contiguous United States and breeding areas in the western boreal forests of Alaska and the Acadian forests of northeastern North America. In blood, mercury concentrations in Rusty Blackbirds from the Acadian forest (geometric mean 0.94 mu g g(-1); n = 59) were >3x than in those from Alaska (0.26 mu g g(-1); 107). Wintering birds had blood mercury levels approximately an order of magnitude lower than those of breeding birds (0.07 mu g g(-1); 332). In feathers, mercury concentrations in samples from the Acadian forests exceeded published minimum levels for adverse effects on birds (8.26 mu g g(-1); 45) and were 3x to 7x those observed from the other regions. The mercury concentrations we report in blood and feathers of the Acadian forest population of the Rusty Blackbird are among the highest reported for wild populations of passerines at sites without a known local source of mercury. Mercury should be considered as a potential contributor to the species' dramatic population decline in New England and the Maritime provinces and in other areas where bioavailability of mercury is high. C1 [Edmonds, Samuel T.; Evers, David C.] BioDivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. [Edmonds, Samuel T.; O'Driscoll, Nelson J.] Acad Univ, KC Irving Environm Sci Ctr, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada. [Cristol, Daniel A.; McGann, Andrew J.; Armiger, Jacob W.] Coll William & Mary, Inst Integrat Bird Behav Studies, Dept Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Mettke-Hofmann, Claudia] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Nat Sci & Psychol, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. [Mettke-Hofmann, Claudia] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Powell, Luke L.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Tessler, David F.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Newell, Patti] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Heyden, Kathryn] Kentucky Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Edmonds, ST (reprint author), BioDivers Res Inst, 19 Flaggy Meadow Rd, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. EM sam.edmonds@briloon.org RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; OI O'Driscoll, Nelson/0000-0002-8598-8251 FU Alaska Bird Observatory, Alaska Department of Fish and Game State Wildlife Grant Program; Arthur-von-Gwinner Foundation; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canada Research Chairs Program; Canadian Wildlife Service; Chugach National Forest; Department of Defense; Ducks Unlimited Canada; Friends of the National Zoo; German Ethological Society; Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources State Wildlife Grant Program; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology of Andechs; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Society for Tropical Ornithology; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the many field biologists and technicians who collected samples while conducting their own research, including Bud Johnson, Dave Loomis, Steve Matsuoka, Dave Shaw, and April Scurr, who provided samples from Alaska. Russ Greenberg, S. Matsuoka, Anna Redden, and Claire W. V. Ramos, along with two anonymous reviewers provided feedback on drafts of this paper. Portions of this research were originally presented to and received useful feedback from the International Rusty Blackbird Technical Working Group at Powdermill. Nature Preserve, Rector, Pennsylvania, in October 2008. Locations at which Rusty Blackbird might breed were provided by Caleb Fisher for Vermont, by Carol Foss for New Hampshire, and by the Maritime Breeding Bird Atlas for New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Melissa Duron assisted with the database query. Housing and logistical support were provided by (in alphabetical order) the Center for Bottomland Hardwoods, Chugach National Forest, Cordova Ranger District, Elmendorf Air Force Base, Fort Richardson, Fort Wainwright, K.C. Irving Center of Acadia University, Theodore Roosevelt NWR Complex, U.S. Forest Service, and Yukon Flats NWR. Brainard Palmer-Ball, Cleaton Baptist Church, the Delta Research and Extension Center, Delta National Forest, Leroy Percy State Park, Silvio O. Conte NWR, Theodore Roosevelt NW R Complex, Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, Wagner Forest Management Ltd., Frederick Ballard, and others kindly permitted access to their property. Funding was provided in part by the Alaska Bird Observatory, Alaska Department of Fish and Game State Wildlife Grant Program, the Arthur-von-Gwinner Foundation, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Canada Research Chairs Program, Canadian Wildlife Service, Chugach National Forest, the Department of Defense Legacy Program, Ducks Unlimited Canada, Friends of the National Zoo, German Ethological Society, Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources State Wildlife Grant Program, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology of Andechs, National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Society for Tropical Ornithology, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Robert Taylor and Deborah Perry at the Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Public Health, Texas A&M University, Trace Element Research Lab, College Station, Texas, for providing Hg analysis during the early years of this study. NR 61 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 31 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2010 VL 112 IS 4 BP 789 EP 799 DI 10.1525/cond.2010.100145 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 700HD UT WOS:000285727700018 ER PT J AU Blakeslee, AMH McKenzie, CH Darling, JA Byers, JE Pringle, JM Roman, J AF Blakeslee, A. M. H. McKenzie, C. H. Darling, J. A. Byers, J. E. Pringle, J. M. Roman, J. TI A hitchhiker's guide to the Maritimes: anthropogenic transport facilitates long-distance dispersal of an invasive marine crab to Newfoundland SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Anthropogenic introduction; biological invasions; Carcinus maenas; microsatellite loci; mitochondrial DNA; Newfoundland; north-west Atlantic ID CARCINUS-MAENAS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NORTH-AMERICA; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; ST-LAWRENCE; GREEN CRAB; PATTERNS; EXPANSION; GENOTYPE; GENETICS AB Aim To determine timing, source and vector for the recent introduction of the European green crab, Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus, 1758), to Newfoundland using multiple lines of evidence. Location Founding populations in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland, Canada and potential source populations in the north-west Atlantic (NWA) and Europe. Methods We analysed mitochondrial and microsatellite genetic data from European and NWA populations sampled during 1999-2002 to determine probable source locations and vectors for the Placentia Bay introduction discovered in 2007. We also analysed Placentia Bay demographic data and shipping records to look for congruent patterns with genetic analyses. Results Demographic data and surveys suggested that C. maenas populations are established and were in Placentia Bay for several years (c. 2002) prior to discovery. Genetic data corroboratively suggested central/western Scotian Shelf populations (e.g., Halifax) as the likely source area for the anthropogenic introduction. These Scotian Shelf populations were within an admixture zone made up of genotypes from both the earlier (early 1800s) and later (late 1900s) introductions of the crab to the NWA from Europe. Placentia Bay also exhibited this mixed ancestry. Probable introduction vectors included vessel traffic and shipping, especially vessels carrying ballast water. Main conclusions Carcinus maenas overcame considerable natural barriers (i.e., coastal and ocean currents) via anthropogenic transport to become established and abundant in Newfoundland. Our study thus demonstrates how non-native populations can be important secondary sources of introduction especially when aided by human transport. Inference of source populations was possible owing to the existence of an admixture zone in central/western Nova Scotia made up of southern and northern genotypes corresponding with the crab's two historical introductions. Coastal vessel traffic was found to be a likely vector for the crab's spread to Newfoundland. Our study demonstrates that there is considerable risk for continued introduction or reintroduction of C. maenas throughout the NWA. C1 [Blakeslee, A. M. H.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Marine Invas Lab, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [McKenzie, C. H.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. [Darling, J. A.] US EPA, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Byers, J. E.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Pringle, J. M.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Ocean & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Roman, J.] Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT 05443 USA. RP Blakeslee, AMH (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Marine Invas Lab, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM blakesleea@si.edu NR 39 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 16 IS 6 BP 879 EP 891 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00703.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 669UO UT WOS:000283375900001 ER PT J AU Peltzer, DA Wardle, DA Allison, VJ Baisden, WT Bardgett, RD Chadwick, OA Condron, LM Parfitt, RL Porder, S Richardson, SJ Turner, BL Vitousek, PM Walker, J Walker, LR AF Peltzer, Duane A. Wardle, David A. Allison, Victoria J. Baisden, W. Troy Bardgett, Richard D. Chadwick, Oliver A. Condron, Leo M. Parfitt, Roger L. Porder, Stephen Richardson, Sarah J. Turner, Benjamin L. Vitousek, Peter M. Walker, Joe Walker, Lawrence R. TI Understanding ecosystem retrogression SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE carbon; diversity; ecosystem development; nitrogen; nutrient cycling; pedogenesis; phosphorus; plant-soil feedbacks; soil processes; retrogression; stoichiometry; succession ID LONG-TERM CHRONOSEQUENCES; MONTANE RAIN-FOREST; WET TROPICAL MOUNTAINS; FUNCTIONAL-GROUP LOSS; ISLAND AREA GRADIENT; AGE-RELATED DECLINE; NEW-ZEALAND; SOIL-DEVELOPMENT; METROSIDEROS-POLYMORPHA; LITTER DECOMPOSITION AB Over time scales of thousands to millions of years, and in the absence of rejuvenating disturbances that initiate primary or early secondary succession, ecosystem properties such as net primary productivity, decomposition, and rates of nutrient cycling undergo substantial declines termed ecosystem retrogression. Retrogression results from the depletion or reduction in the availability of nutrients, and can only be reversed through rejuvenating disturbance that resets the system; this differs from age-related declines in forest productivity that are driven by shorter-term depression of nutrient availability and plant ecophysiological process rates that occur during succession. Here we review and synthesize the findings from studies of long-term chronosequences that include retrogressive stages for systems spanning the boreal, temperate, and subtropical zones. Ecosystem retrogression has been described by ecologists, biogeochemists, geologists, and pedologists, each of which has developed somewhat independent conceptual frameworks; our review seeks to unify this literature in order to better understand the causes and consequences of retrogression. Studies of retrogression have improved our knowledge of how long-term pedogenic changes drive shorter-term biological processes, as well as the consequences of these changes for ecosystem development. Our synthesis also reveals that similar patterns of retrogression (involving reduced soil fertility, predictable shifts in organismic traits, and ecological processes) occur in systems with vastly different climatic regimes, geologic substrates, and vegetation types, even though the timescales and mechanisms driving retrogression may vary greatly among sites. Studies on retrogression also provide evidence that in many regions, high biomass or "climax" forests are often transient, and do not persist indefinitely in the absence of rejuvenating disturbance. Finally, our review highlights that studies on retrogressive chronosequences in contrasting regions provide unparalleled opportunities for developing general principles about the long-term feedbacks between biological communities and pedogenic processes, and how these control ecosystem development. C1 [Peltzer, Duane A.; Wardle, David A.; Richardson, Sarah J.] Landcare Res, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand. [Wardle, David A.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Allison, Victoria J.] Minist Agr & Forestry, Auckland, New Zealand. [Bardgett, Richard D.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Soil & Ecosyst Ecol Lab, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Chadwick, Oliver A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Condron, Leo M.] Lincoln Univ, Fac Agr & Life Sci, Lincoln 764, New Zealand. [Parfitt, Roger L.] Landcare Res, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Porder, Stephen] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Turner, Benjamin L.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Vitousek, Peter M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Walker, Joe] CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Walker, Lawrence R.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Peltzer, DA (reprint author), Landcare Res, POB 40, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand. EM peltzerd@landcareresearch.co.nz RI Peltzer, Duane/A-9463-2009; Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Wardle, David/F-6031-2011; Condron, Leo/E-9458-2013; Baisden, Troy/B-9831-2008; Richardson, Sarah/D-3353-2015 OI Peltzer, Duane/0000-0001-7724-3738; Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; Wardle, David/0000-0002-0476-7335; Baisden, Troy/0000-0003-1814-1306; Richardson, Sarah/0000-0002-4097-0381 FU New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology [C05X0701, C09X0502] FX This manuscript results from an ARC-NZ Network for Vegetation Function workshop on ecosystem retrogression, organized by D. A. Peltzer and D. A. Wardle, and held in Akaroa, New Zealand in February 2007. We thank Meredith McKay for ensuring that the workshop went smoothly, Rob Allen for collegial support, T. W. Walker for giving an outstanding presentation on soil chronosequences, and Paul Selmants for providing photographs of the northern Arizona sequence. We also acknowledge financial support from the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology through the Global Change through Time Programme (contract C05X0701, T. Baisden) and the Ecosystem Resilience Outcome Based Investment (contract C09X0502, D. Peltzer). NR 182 TC 128 Z9 132 U1 13 U2 203 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 80 IS 4 BP 509 EP 529 DI 10.1890/09-1552.1 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 671CY UT WOS:000283478800001 ER PT J AU Currano, ED Labandeira, CC Wilf, P AF Currano, Ellen D. Labandeira, Conrad C. Wilf, Peter TI Fossil insect folivory tracks paleotemperature for six million years SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE Bighorn Basin; Wyoming; USA; climate change; global warming; herbivory; paleobotany; Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum; paleoecology; plant-used interactions ID EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM; PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; CARBON-ISOTOPE EXCURSION; BIGHORN BASIN; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; TROPICAL FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LEAF BEETLES; PALEOCENE; ASSOCIATIONS AB Paleoecological studies enhance our understanding of biotic response to climate change because they consider timescales not accessible through laboratory or ecological studies. From 60 to 51 million years ago (Ma), global temperatures gradually warmed to the greatest sustained highs of the last 65 million years. Superimposed on this gradual warming is a transient spike of high temperature and pCO(2) (partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum 55.8 Ma) and a subsequent short-term cooling event (similar to 54 Ma). The highly resolved continental fossil record of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA, spans this interval and is therefore uniquely suited to examine the long-term effects of temperature change on the two dominant groups in terrestrial ecosystems, plants and insect herbivores. We sampled insect damage on fossil angiosperm leaves at nine well-dated localities that range in age from 52.7 to 59 Ma. A total of 9071 leaves belonging to 107 species were examined for the presence or absence of 71 insect-feeding damage types. Damage richness, frequency, and composition were analyzed on the bulk floras and individual host species. Overall, there was a strong positive correlation between changes in damage richness and changes in estimated temperature, a weak positive relationship for damage frequency and temperature, and no significant correlation for floral diversity. Thus, insect damage richness appears to be more sensitive to past climate change than to plant diversity, although plant diversity in our samples only ranges from 6 to 25 dicot species. The close tracking of the richness of herbivore damage, a presumed proxy for actual insect herbivore richness, to both warming and cooling over a finely divided, extended time interval has profound importance for interpreting the evolution of insects and plant-insect associations in the context of deep time. Our results also indicate that increased insect herbivory is likely to be a net long-term effect of anthropogenic warming. C1 [Currano, Ellen D.; Wilf, Peter] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Currano, Ellen D.; Labandeira, Conrad C.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Labandeira, Conrad C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Currano, ED (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM currane@muohio.edu FU NSF [0236489, 0120727]; Petroleum Research Fund [40546-AC8]; Roland Brown Fund; Evolving Earth Foundation; Geological Society of America; Paleontological Society; Pennsylvania State University FX We thank Scott Wing for his assistance on all aspects of this project, Liz Lovelock for morphotyping the PETM flora, and Amy Morey for photographing the morphotype exemplars. This research was performed on Bureau of Land Management (BLM) land, and we are grateful to Mike Bies and the Worland BLM office for all their assistance. Many students and colleagues assisted us in the field and the laboratory; and we particularly thank B. Cariglino, J. Creamer. K. Galligan, A. Humphries, S. Little, S. Lyles, F. Marsh, E. Perkons, K. Rep, A. Rulis, and K. Werth. The manuscript benefited from thoughtful discussions with J. Bonelli, G. Hunt, M. Patzkowsky, D. Royer, and J. Sessa and comments from two anonymous reviewers. This research was funded by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to E. D. Currano, NSF EAR grants 0236489 to P. Wilf and 0120727 to Scott Wing, Petroleum Research Fund grant 40546-AC8 to P. Will, the Roland Brown Fund to Scott Wing, and student research grants to E. D. Currano from the Evolving Earth Foundation, the Geological Society of America, the Paleontological Society, and Pennsylvania State University. This is contribution 172 of the Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems Consortium at the National Museum of Natural History. NR 92 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 80 IS 4 BP 547 EP 567 DI 10.1890/09-2138.1 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 671CY UT WOS:000283478800003 ER PT J AU Kennedy, CM Marra, PP Fagan, WF Neel, MC AF Kennedy, Christina M. Marra, Peter P. Fagan, William F. Neel, Maile C. TI Landscape matrix and species traits mediate responses of Neotropical resident birds to forest fragmentation in Jamaica SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE birds; Caribbean; community ecology; habitat fragmentation; life history traits; matrix effects; Neotropics; tropical conservation ID AVIAN POINT COUNTS; LAND-USE CHANGE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; BOREAL FOREST; PATCH SIZE; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; ANIMAL DISPERSAL AB Land cover and land use surrounding, fragmented habitat can greatly impact species persistence by altering resource availability, edge effects, or the movement of individuals throughout a landscape. Despite the potential importance of the landscape matrix, ecologists still have limited understanding of the relative effects of different types of land cover and land uses on species patterns and processes in natural systems. Here we investigated whether Neotropical resident bird communities in limestone forest patches differed if they were embedded in three different human-dominated matrix types (agriculture, pert-urban development, and bauxite mining) relative to sites in continuous forest in central Jamaica. We found that species richness, community composition, and abundances were matrix-dependent, with agricultural landscapes supporting greater avian diversity and more intact community assemblages than either pen-urban or bauxite landscapes. Abundance of almost 70% of species differed in forest embedded in the different landscape matrix types. Traits related to resource use best predicted species responses, including diet guild, nest height, habitat association, and foraging strata. Insectivores, frugivores, canopy nesters, understory and canopy foragers, and forest-restricted species rarely observed in matrix habitats had lower abundances in forest fragments embedded in human-dominated matrix types than in continuous forest. In contrast, nectarivores, omnivores, granivores, ground and multi-strata nesters, ground foragers, and species regularly in matrix habitats were least sensitive to forest fragmentation. Results suggest that structure, composition, and land use disturbance regimes in matrix areas impact overall habitat quality in landscapes by potentially mediating resource availability inside as well as outside forest habitat. This study reinforces the importance of differentiating among land cover and land uses in fragmentation research and lends support to the hypothesis that resource availability may be a primary factor driving Neotropical bird responses to fragmentation. C1 [Kennedy, Christina M.; Neel, Maile C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Neel, Maile C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kennedy, Christina M.; Fagan, William F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Kennedy, CM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, 2331 Plant Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cmk6@umd.edu FU NASA; Fulbright U.S. Scholarship; Washington Explorer's Club; Cosmos Club Foundation; University of Maryland; Smithsonian Institution (James Bond Trust); National Science Foundation FX We thank A. Hayes-Sutton and O. Evelyn (Jamaica Forestry Department) for sharing their knowledge of the study region and for providing logistical field support; R. Defries (Columbia University) and S. Schill (The Nature Conservancy) for GIS and remote sensing data and consultation; S. Koenig (Windsor Research Centre) for bird life history data; J. Hines and J. Nichols (USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center) for statistical guidance and model programming; and L. Ries (University of Maryland), T. Ricketts (World Wildlife Fund), A. Rodewald (Ohio State University), and two anonymous reviewers for constructive input on previous drafts of this manuscript. Fieldwork was directed by C. M. Kennedy with essential field assistance by H. Davis and C. Samuels. Research was made possible by the support of many Jamaican researchers, nonprofit and governmental organizations, and individual private landowners. Jamaica Forestry Department, Windalco, Alpart Mining Venture, Jamalco bauxite mining companies, S&G Road Surfacing Materials Ltd., and many private farmers and Mandeville citizens permitted access to their lands. Funding was provided to C. M. Kennedy by the NASA Earth System Science Program (Doctoral Fellowship), the Fulbright U.S. Scholarship Program, the Washington Explorer's Club, the Cosmos Club Foundation, and the University of Maryland (Behavior, Ecology, Evolution and Systematics Graduate Program and an Ann G. Wylie Dissertation Fellowship), and provided to C. M. Kennedy and P. P. Marra by the Smithsonian Institution (James Bond Trust) and provided to P. P. Marra by the National Science Foundation. NR 134 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 10 U2 107 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 80 IS 4 BP 651 EP 669 DI 10.1890/09-0904.1 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 671CY UT WOS:000283478800007 ER PT J AU Lind, EM Barbosa, P AF Lind, Eric M. Barbosa, Pedro TI Life history traits predict relative abundance in an assemblage of forest caterpillars SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acer negundo; forest caterpillar assemblage; macrolepidoptera; metabolic theory; phylogenetic ecology; population growth rate; relative abundance ID BODY-SIZE; ENERGETIC EQUIVALENCE; POPULATION; PARASITISM; COMMUNITY; ECOLOGY; INDIVIDUALS; PERFORMANCE; PHYLOGENIES; PREDATION AB Species in a given trophic level occur in vastly unequal abundance, a pattern commonly documented but poorly explained for most taxa. Theoretical predictions of species density such as those arising from the metabolic theory of ecology hold well at large spatial and temporal scales but are not supported in many communities sampled at a relatively small scale. At these scales ecological factors may be more important than the inherent limits to energy use set by allometric scaling of mass. These factors include the amount of resources available, and the ability of individuals to convert these resources successfully into population growth. While previous studies have demonstrated the limits of macroecological theory in explaining local abundance, few studies have tested alternative generalized mechanisms determining abundance at the community scale. Using an assemblage of forest moth species found co-occurring as caterpillars on a single host plant species, we tested whether species abundance on that plant could be explained by mass allometry, intrinsic population growth, diet breadth, or some combination of these traits. We parameterized life history traits of the caterpillars in association with the host plant in both field and laboratory settings, so that the population growth estimate was specific to the plant on which abundance was measured. Using a generalized least-squares regression method incorporating phylogenetic relatedness, we found no relationship between abundance and mass but found that abundance was best explained by both intrinsic population growth rate and diet breadth. Species population growth potential was most affected by survivorship and larval development time on the host plant. Metabolic constraints may determine upper limits to local abundance levels for species, but local community abundance is strongly predicted by the potential for population increase and the resources available to that species in the environment. C1 [Lind, Eric M.] Univ Maryland, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Barbosa, Pedro] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lind, EM (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM linde@si.edu OI Lind, Eric/0000-0003-3051-7724 NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 22 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 91 IS 11 BP 3274 EP 3283 DI 10.1890/09-1894.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679JV UT WOS:000284158600016 PM 21141188 ER PT J AU Stover, DB Day, FP Drake, BG Hinkle, CR AF Stover, Daniel B. Day, Frank P. Drake, Bert G. Hinkle, C. Ross TI The long-term effects of CO2 enrichment on fine root productivity, mortality, and survivorship in a scrub-oak ecosystem at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Minirhizotrons; Root mortality; Root productivity; Root survivorship; Root turnover ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; ARISTIDA-STRICTA; SOIL CARBON; LIFE-SPAN; DYNAMICS; TURNOVER; NITROGEN; LONGEVITY; COMMUNITY AB Fine root dynamics play an important role in the cycling of carbon belowground. Previous studies have indicated that CO2 enrichment results in increased root productivity, mortality and relative turnover; however, our understanding of the duration and long-term trends of this effect are limited. Non-destructive minirhizotron observation tubes were used to measure effects of elevated CO2 on root dynamics and survivorship in a fire dominated scrub-oak ecosystem. Open-top chambers were exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 for 10 years at Kennedy Space Center, Florida. In this study, initial fine root dynamics from an earlier published study from this experiment (Dilustro et al., 2002) were compared to our findings 5 years later. Significant increases in root productivity, mortality, and turnover due to CO2 enrichment were no longer present after 9 years of treatment. However, the vertical variation in these parameters suggests the upper 50 cm of the soil are the most dynamic. A greater proportion of the fine roots were deeper in the soil profile later in the study, but no CO2 effect was observed. Survivorship analysis suggested the smallest fine roots (i.e. <0.1 mm in diameter and <0.25 mm in length) were most susceptible to mortality. In addition, increased root persistence was correlated with greater soil depth, suggesting that a nutrient and water limited scrub-oak ecosystem at root closure or carrying capacity produces larger, longer-lived fine roots at greater depths. Mean root diameter increased in the upper and lower portions of the soil profile. Seasonal cohort analysis implied that roots appearing in the spring and summer typically had the highest risk of mortality in the fall, although environmental factors influencing this relationship are not clear. The results from this study indicated that CO2 enrichment is no longer driving changes in fine root dynamics, but rather root closure in the upper portions of the soil profile seem to be the strongest influence. Fine roots comprise nearly 25% of the total plant biomass in the scrub-oak ecosystem and their turnover and persistence is an important pathway for carbon inputs into the soil. In order to develop accurate predictive models of the impacts of increasing anthropogenic CO2 on carbon cycling, it is imperative to examine long-term fine root dynamics rather than just shorter observations that could result in misleading conclusions regarding ecosystem responses. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stover, Daniel B.; Day, Frank P.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Drake, Bert G.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Hinkle, C. Ross] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Stover, Daniel B.] Earthwatch Inst, N Amer Reg Climate Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Day, FP (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM fday@odu.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [95-59-MP00002, DE-FG-02-95ER61993]; U.S. National Aeronautical and Space Administration; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge; Smithsonian site FX This paper is based on a portion of a doctoral dissertation submitted by the first author to Old Dominion University. The authors would like to thank John Dilustro for assistance with initial study data and interpretations, and Alisha Pagel Brown, Vince Bacalan, and Tina Morgan for digitizing assistance. This work was funded by subcontract (95-59-MP00002) to the Smithsonian Institution's grant from the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG-02-95ER61993). We especially thank the U.S. National Aeronautical and Space Administration, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, and Smithsonian site staff for providing continual support throughout the project. NR 67 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 69 IS 2 BP 214 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.03.003 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 612GF UT WOS:000278884100016 ER PT J AU Lotfi, E Jamshidi-Ghaleh, K Moslem, F Masalehdan, H AF Lotfi, E. Jamshidi-Ghaleh, K. Moslem, F. Masalehdan, H. TI Comparison of photonic crystal narrow filters with metamaterials and dielectric defects SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID WAVE PROPAGATION AB The photonic band-gap of the two kinds of 1D photonic crystal structure which is composed of the form of (AB)(N1)C(m)(BA)(N2), one with a metamaterial defect layer (MDL) and the other one with a dielectric defect layer (DD L) are studied. Our results show that in both cases, where there is only one defect layer, m = 1, no defect mode exists, but for two defect layers (in. = 2) there is a single defect mode which is centered in the middle of the band-gap. The width of the defect mode in DDL is narrower than that in MDL. For a number of defects of more than two (in > 2) and even, in both of the MDL and DDL structures, there is only one defect mode. For in > 2 and odd, the defect mode in the MDL vanishes, but for DDL there is two defect-mode symmetrically centered in the middle of the band-gap. The effects of the defect layers refractive index value, the periodicity number of the structures and the incident angle on the properties of the defect modes and the transmittance spectrum are discussed. C1 [Lotfi, E.; Moslem, F.] Fac Bonab Engn & Technol, Bonab, Iran. [Lotfi, E.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Jamshidi-Ghaleh, K.] Azarbaijan Univ Tarbiat Moallem, Dept Phys, Tabriz, Iran. [Jamshidi-Ghaleh, K.; Masalehdan, H.] Islamic Azad Univ, Bonab Branch, YRC, Dept Phys Engn Opt Laser, Tehran, Iran. [Masalehdan, H.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Appl Phys, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lotfi, E (reprint author), Fac Bonab Engn & Technol, Bonab, Iran. EM h.masalehdan@gmail.com NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD NOV PY 2010 VL 60 IS 2 BP 369 EP 372 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2010-00207-4 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 683WN UT WOS:000284509100019 ER PT J AU Hunt, G Yasuhara, M AF Hunt, Gene Yasuhara, Moriaki TI A fossil record of developmental events: variation and evolution in epidermal cell divisions in ostracodes SO EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID DIRECTED MUTATION CONTROVERSY; PHENOTYPIC EVOLUTION; GENUS POSEIDONAMICUS; GENETIC CONSTRAINTS; NATURAL-SELECTION; GENOME SIZE; EVO-DEVO; EVOLVABILITY; VARIANCE; BIOLOGY AB The carapaces of some ostracode taxa bear reticulate skeletal ridges that outline underlying epidermal cells. This anatomy allows one to identify homologous cells across individuals, to infer the modal sequence of cell divisions that occurs over ontogeny, and to identify individuals with variant cell patterns (e.g., additional or missing cell divisions), even in fossils. Here we explore the variational properties and evolutionary history of this developmental system in the deepsea ostracode genus Poseidonamicus. Using a sample of over 2000 specimens to capture variation in cell division sequence, we show that phenotypic variation in this system is highly structured: some variants, regions of the carapace, and lineages are much more variable than others. Much of the differences in variation among cells can be attributed to the molt stage in which cells take their final form-cell divisions occurring later in ontogeny are more variable than those earlier. Despite ample variation, only two evolutionary changes in the sequence of cell divisions occur over the 40 Myr history of this clade. The evolutionary changes that do occur parallel the two most common intraspecific variants, suggesting that developmental structuring of variation can have long-term evolutionary consequences. Analysis of the most common variant over the last two molt stages suggests that it suffers a fitness disadvantage relative to the modal form. Such normalizing selection may contribute to the evolutionary conservativeness of this developmental system in the Ostracoda. C1 [Hunt, Gene; Yasuhara, Moriaki] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hunt, G (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hunte@si.edu RI Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010; Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008 OI Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020; Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863 FU Smithsonian Marine Science fellowship FX We thank D. Erwin for suggestions on a previous version of the manuscript. For access to specimens, we thank G. Miller, T. Cronin, and R. Benson. S. Whittaker and G. Miller were instrumental in the SEM photography. M. Yasuhara was supported by a Smithsonian Marine Science fellowship. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1520-541X J9 EVOL DEV JI Evol. Dev. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 12 IS 6 BP 635 EP 646 DI 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2010.00448.x PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 673VJ UT WOS:000283691700010 PM 21040429 ER PT J AU Brown, JL Kersey, DC Walker, SL AF Brown, Janine L. Kersey, David C. Walker, Susan L. TI Assessment of luteinizing hormone and prolactin immunoactivity in Asian and African elephant urine using assays validated for serum SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Elephant; Pituitary gonadotropins; Urinary hormones; LH; Prolactin; Ovulation; Pregnancy ID COTTON-TOP TAMARINS; LOXODONTA-AFRICANA; ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; SAGUINUS-OEDIPUS; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; ESTROUS-CYCLE; MAXIMUS; ENDOCRINOLOGY; GONADOTROPINS; EXCRETION AB Analysis of serum hormones is useful for timing artificial insemination (Luteinizing hormone) and diagnosing pregnancy (prolactin) in elephants. However, these tests require blood collection, which is not tolerated by all animals, and is impractical for field studies. Thus, developing a means to obtain these measures noninvasively could improve species management. Matched urine and serum was collected from Asian and African elephants daily throughout the follicular phase and after administration of a GnRH analogue for LH determination, and in pregnant and nonpregnant females for prolactin analyses using immunoassays validated for elephant serum. Despite identifying robust increases in circulating hormone concentrations, no concomitant changes in urinary LH or prolactin immunoactivity was detected. Concentration of samples by centrifugal filtration or ethanol precipitation did not increase the ability to measure biologically relevant changes in endogenous urinary LH or prolactin immunoactivity. Sample matrix interference was ruled out following sufficient recovery of exogenous LH or prolactin added to samples, except for samples concentrated >35-fold where some interference was suspected. These results suggest that elephants either do not excrete native LH or prolactin in urine, or concentrations are too low to be measured accurately by standard immunoassay techniques that are valid for serum analyses. Thus, it does not appear feasible or economically viable to use these noninvasive tests for ovulation detection or for pregnancy diagnosis in elephants. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Brown, Janine L.; Kersey, David C.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Kersey, David C.] Western Univ Hlth Sci, Coll Vet Med, Pomona, CA 91766 USA. [Walker, Susan L.] N England Zool Soc, Chester Zoo CH2 1LH, Upton Chester, England. RP Brown, JL (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Natl Zool Pk,1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM brownjan@si.edu NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 169 IS 2 BP 138 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.08.007 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 670WP UT WOS:000283458700004 PM 20736012 ER PT J AU Canning-Clode, J Maloney, KO McMahon, SM Wahl, M AF Canning-Clode, Joao Maloney, Kelly O. McMahon, Sean M. Wahl, Martin TI Expanded view of the local-regional richness relationship by incorporating functional richness and time: a large-scale perspective SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Fouling assemblages; functional richness; jackknife estimator; spatial scales; species richness; saturation; succession ID MARINE BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; SPECIES RICHNESS; INVASION RESISTANCE; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; ASSEMBLAGES; SATURATION; DISTURBANCE; ENRICHMENT; PATTERNS AB Aim We investigate the relationship between local and regional richness in marine fouling assemblages using an expanded and globally replicated approach by incorporating two dimensions of diversity (taxonomic and functional) and different successional stages. Location Global. Methods In eight different biogeographic regions (Australia, Brazil, Chile, England, Italy, Japan, Portugal and Sweden) 68 polyvinylchloride (PVC) panels (15 x 15 x 0.3 cm) were deployed for colonization. Communities colonizing panels were analysed by measuring percentage cover at each of four different successional ages: 2, 4, 6 and 8 months. Local richness was assessed as the average number of species and functional groups (FGs) per panel and regional richness was evaluated as the estimated (Jack2) asymptote of the sample-accumulation curves for species and FG on experimental panels. Results We found that the shape of the relationship between local and regional richness depended on successional stage and the type of richness considered, i.e. taxonomic or functional richness. Hardly any relationship was detectable between local taxonomic richness and regional taxonomic richness at any successional stage. In contrast, the relation between local functional and regional functional richness shows a unimodal pattern of change during succession, passing through the stages 'independent', 'unsaturated rising', 'saturated rising' and once again 'independent'. Main conclusions The relationship between local and regional richness, whether taxonomic or functional, frequently displays independence of the two scales, particularly in early and late phases of the successional process. C1 [Canning-Clode, Joao; Maloney, Kelly O.; McMahon, Sean M.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21307 USA. [Canning-Clode, Joao] CIMAR CIIMAR Ctr Marine & Environm Res, P-4050123 Oporto, Portugal. [Canning-Clode, Joao; Wahl, Martin] Univ Kiel, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [McMahon, Sean M.] Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Canning-Clode, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21307 USA. EM canning-clodej@si.edu RI Canning Clode, Joao/G-5142-2011; Scientific output, CIIMAR/E-5122-2012 OI Canning Clode, Joao/0000-0003-2143-6535; Scientific output, CIIMAR/0000-0001-6270-2153 FU German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); HSBC FX We thank Howard V. Cornell and Heather Sugden for their suggestions and critical review of the manuscript. We further thank all students involved in the GAME project between 2003 and 2005. J.C.-C.'s studies were supported by a fellowship from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). The HSBC Climate Partnership provided funding for S.M. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 19 IS 6 BP 875 EP 885 DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00560.x PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 664SH UT WOS:000282982300011 ER PT J AU Roche, DG Leung, B Franco, EFM Torchin, ME AF Roche, Dominique G. Leung, Brian Mendoza Franco, Edgar F. Torchin, Mark E. TI Higher parasite richness, abundance and impact in native versus introduced cichlid fishes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biological invasion; Enemy release; Nile tilapia; Metazoan parasites; Panama Canal; Oreochromis niloticus; Vieja maculicauda ID ENEMY RELEASE HYPOTHESIS; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PLANT INVASION; YELLOW PERCH; MEXICO; HOSTS; COMPETITION; HERBIVORY; INFECTION AB Empirical studies suggest that most exotic species have fewer parasite species in their introduced range relative to their native range. However, it is less clear how, ecologically, the loss of parasite species translates into a measurable advantage for invaders relative to native species in the new community. We compared parasitism at three levels (species richness, abundance and impact) for a pair of native and introduced cichlid fishes which compete for resources in the Panama Canal watershed. The introduced Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, was infected by a single parasite species from its native range, but shared eight native parasite species with the native Vieja maculicauda. Despite acquiring new parasites in its introduced range, O. niloticus had both lower parasite species richness and lower parasite abundance compared with its native competitor. There was also a significant negative association between parasite load (abundance per individual fish) and host condition for the native fish, but no such association for the invader. The effects of parasites on the native fish varied across sites and types of parasites, suggesting that release from parasites may benefit the invader, but that the magnitude of release may depend upon interactions between the host, parasites and the environment. (c) 2010 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Roche, Dominique G.; Leung, Brian] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Roche, Dominique G.; Mendoza Franco, Edgar F.; Torchin, Mark E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Roche, DG (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM dominique.roche@mail.mcgill.ca RI Roche, Dominique/K-7426-2012 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, Canada); le Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies (FQRNT, Canada); l'Office Quebec-Ameriques pour la jeunesse (OQAJ, Canada); Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI, Panama); National Science Foundation (NSF, USA) [DEB 0541673] FX We thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, Canada), le Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies (FQRNT, Canada), l'Office Quebec-Ameriques pour la jeunesse (OQAJ, Canada), the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI, Panama) and the National Science Foundation (NSF, USA, DEB 0541673) for funding. We thank C. Schloeder, Y. Kam, A. Terrero, S. Binning and the personnel of the Ministerio de Desarollo Agropecuario de Panama for help with collections and dissections, and M.L. Aguirre-Macedo, V.M. Vidal-Martinez, D. Gonzalez-Solis and G. Salgado-Maldonado for help with parasitological identification. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 40 IS 13 BP 1525 EP 1530 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.05.007 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 676MF UT WOS:000283915100007 PM 20600073 ER PT J AU Novotny, V Miller, SE Baje, L Balagawi, S Basset, Y Cizek, L Craft, KJ Dem, F Drew, RAI Hulcr, J Leps, J Lewis, OT Pokon, R Stewart, AJA Samuelson, GA Weiblen, GD AF Novotny, Vojtech Miller, Scott E. Baje, Leontine Balagawi, Solomon Basset, Yves Cizek, Lukas Craft, Kathleen J. Dem, Francesca Drew, Richard A. I. Hulcr, Jiri Leps, Jan Lewis, Owen T. Pokon, Rapo Stewart, Alan J. A. Samuelson, G. Allan Weiblen, George D. TI Guild-specific patterns of species richness and host specialization in plant-herbivore food webs from a tropical forest SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apparent competition; effective specialization; herbivorous guild; Janzen-Connell hypothesis; New Guinea; rain forest; species accumulation ID GUINEA RAIN-FOREST; LEAF-CHEWING INSECTS; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; APPARENT COMPETITION; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; FEEDING GUILDS; BODY-SIZE; DATA SETS; COLEOPTERA; TREE AB P>1. The extent to which plant-herbivore feeding interactions are specialized is key to understand the processes maintaining the diversity of both tropical forest plants and their insect herbivores. However, studies documenting the full complexity of tropical plant-herbivore food webs are lacking. 2. We describe a complex, species-rich plant-herbivore food web for lowland rain forest in Papua New Guinea, resolving 6818 feeding links between 224 plant species and 1490 herbivore species drawn from 11 distinct feeding guilds. By standardizing sampling intensity and the phylogenetic diversity of focal plants, we are able to make the first rigorous and unbiased comparisons of specificity patterns across feeding guilds. 3. Specificity was highly variable among guilds, spanning almost the full range of theoretically possible values from extreme trophic generalization to monophagy. 4. We identify guilds of herbivores that are most likely to influence the composition of tropical forest vegetation through density-dependent herbivory or apparent competition. 5. We calculate that 251 herbivore species (48 of them unique) are associated with each rain forest tree species in our study site so that the similar to 200 tree species coexisting in the lowland rain forest community are involved in similar to 50 000 trophic interactions with similar to 9600 herbivore species of insects. This is the first estimate of total herbivore and interaction number in a rain forest plant-herbivore food web. 6. A comprehensive classification of insect herbivores into 24 guilds is proposed, providing a framework for comparative analyses across ecosystems and geographical regions. C1 [Novotny, Vojtech; Cizek, Lukas; Leps, Jan] Univ S Bohemia, Ctr Biol, Czech Acad Sci, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Novotny, Vojtech; Cizek, Lukas; Leps, Jan] Univ S Bohemia, Fac Sci, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Miller, Scott E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Baje, Leontine; Dem, Francesca; Pokon, Rapo] Univ Papua New Guinea, New Guinea Binatang Res Ctr, Madang, Papua N Guinea. [Baje, Leontine; Dem, Francesca; Pokon, Rapo] Univ Papua New Guinea, Dept Biol, Madang, Papua N Guinea. [Balagawi, Solomon] Natl Agr Res Inst, Port Moresby, Papua N Guinea. [Basset, Yves] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Craft, Kathleen J.; Weiblen, George D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, Biol Sci Ctr 220, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Drew, Richard A. I.] Griffith Univ, Australian Sch Environm Studies, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Hulcr, Jiri] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lewis, Owen T.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Samuelson, G. Allan] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Stewart, Alan J. A.] Univ Sussex, Sch Life Sci, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England. RP Novotny, V (reprint author), Univ S Bohemia, Ctr Biol, Czech Acad Sci, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. EM novotny@entu.cas.cz RI Leps, Jan/B-6913-2013; Basset, Yves/B-6642-2014; Cizek, Lukas/G-7905-2014; Novotny, Vojtech/G-9434-2014; Cizek, Lukas/K-7111-2015; OI Leps, Jan/0000-0002-4822-7429; Novotny, Vojtech/0000-0001-7918-8023; Stewart, Alan/0000-0001-7878-8879; Lewis, Owen/0000-0001-7935-6111; Miller, Scott/0000-0002-4138-1378 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 9628840, 9707928, 0211591, 0515678]; Grant Agencies of the Czech Republic [206/09/0115, 206/08/H044, P505/10/0673]; Czech Academy of Sciences [AA600960712, AV0Z50070508]; Czech Ministry of Education [LC06073, ME9082, MSM6007665801]; Royal Society; David and Lucile Packard Fellowship; Darwin Initiative Initiative for the Survival of Species (UK) FX We thank J. Auga, D. Bito, W. Boen, E. Brus, C. Dahl, P. Drozd, G. Damag, J. Hrcek, S. Ibalim, B. Isua, M. Janda, M. Keltim, A. Krasa, J. Kua, R. Kutil, R. Lilip, M. Manaono, M. Manumbor, M. Mogia, K. Molem, M. Rimandai, S. Sau, G. Setliff, G. Sosanika, E. Tamtiai and D. Wal for technical assistance, V.O. Becker, C. Bellamy, J. Brown, A. Cognato, L. Craven, K. Damas, K. Darrow, C. Drew, T. Edwards, A. Galsworthy, L. Helgen, R. Hoare, J. D. Holloway, M. Honey, M. Horak, T. Kumata, S. Lingafelter, M. Lodl, K. Maes, G. Martin, J. Medler, J. Miller, E. G. Munroe, I. Ohshima, K. Sattler, M. Shaffer, A.M. Solis, D. Stancik, P. Svacha, W. Takeuchi, K. Tuck, M. Webb, T. Whitfeld and M. R. Wilson for taxonomic assistance, and P. Hebert, University of Guelph, for DNA barcodes. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB 9628840, 9707928, 0211591, and 0515678), the Grant Agencies of the Czech Republic (206/09/0115, 206/08/H044, P505/10/0673), Czech Academy of Sciences (AA600960712, AV0Z50070508), Czech Ministry of Education (LC06073, ME9082, MSM6007665801), Darwin Initiative Initiative for the Survival of Species (UK), a Royal Society University Research fellowship to O.L. and the David and Lucile Packard Fellowship in Science and Engineering to G. W. NR 58 TC 123 Z9 123 U1 3 U2 116 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 79 IS 6 BP 1193 EP 1203 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01728.x PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 665YM UT WOS:000283074000007 PM 20673235 ER PT J AU Inanez, JG Bellucci, JJ Rodriguez-Alegria, E Ash, R McDonough, W Speakman, RJ AF Inanez, Javier G. Bellucci, Jeremy J. Rodriguez-Alegria, Enrique Ash, Richard McDonough, William Speakman, Robert J. TI Romita pottery revisited: a reassessment of the provenance of ceramics from Colonial Mexico by LA-MC-ICP-MS SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Romita pottery; Pb isotopes; LA-MC-ICP-MS; Colonial Mexico ID ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; LEAD; MAJOLICA; LASER AB The origin of Romita pottery has been a controversial topic during the last three decades of Colonial Mexico archaeological studies. Lead isotopic analyses of glaze coatings of Spanish and Mexican pottery, and Romita ceramics unearthed from the archaeological site of the Metropolitan Cathedral in Mexico City provide evidence that support a Mexican origin. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Inanez, Javier G.; Speakman, Robert J.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Inanez, Javier G.] Univ Barcelona, Cultura Mat & Arqueometria Univ Barcelona ARQ UB, Fac Geog & Hist, Barcelona 08001, Spain. [Bellucci, Jeremy J.; Ash, Richard; McDonough, William] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rodriguez-Alegria, Enrique] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Anthropol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Inanez, JG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM javiergarcia@ub.edu RI McDonough, William/I-7720-2012; OI McDonough, William/0000-0001-9154-3673; Inanez, Javier/0000-0002-1411-8099; Speakman, Robert/0000-0003-2063-154X FU European Commission [PIOF-GA-2008-223319] FX This work is supported by the Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowships program, endorsed by the European Commission ("ARCHSYMB", PIOF-GA-2008-223319). Lead isotope analyses were carried out at the Plasma Laboratory of the University of Maryland. Non-Romita ceramics from Puebla. Oaxaca, and Mexico City were provided by Dra. Patricia Fournier, Escuela Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, Mexico; Spanish majolica ceramics from Sevilla and Talavera were provided by A. Sanchez Cabezudo, and Maria Antonia Casanova from the Museu de la Ceramica de Barcelona. We gratefully acknowledge the comments and suggestions made by M. James Blackman, Ronald L. Bishop, and Patricia Fournier on an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2698 EP 2704 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2010.06.005 PG 7 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 655LO UT WOS:000282251700002 ER PT J AU Zeder, MA Lapham, HA AF Zeder, Melinda A. Lapham, Heather A. TI Assessing the reliability of criteria used to identify postcranial bones in sheep, Ovis, and goats, Capra SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sheep; Goat; Post-crania; Taxonomic identification AB Criteria developed to distinguish between selected postcranial elements of sheep and goats are evaluated using modern specimens from the collections of the Field Museum of Natural History, the National Museum of Natural History, and the Museum of Anthropology and the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. Elements considered are: the distal humerus, proximal and distal radius, distal tibia, distal metapodials, astragalus, calcaneus, and the first and second phalanx. This evaluation includes an assessment of 1385 elements from 49 goat and 84 modern sheep skeletons. It also includes a blind test on elements drawn from 20 specimens taken by six analysts with differing levels of experience. Overall, the criteria evaluated are highly reliable, especially in goats and only slightly less so in sheep. A major exception is the distal tibia, where diagnostic criteria tested proved substantially less reliable than other criteria evaluated here. Strongly positive results were also obtained when the sample was partitioned by sex, domestic status, and age. Results of the blind test show some variability depending on the level of experience of the analyst, underscoring the need for training and access to adequate modern reference collections before attempting to apply these criteria to archaeological assemblages. The results of this assessment stand in stark contrast to those obtained in an earlier assessment of the reliability of criteria used to distinguish between mandibles and mandibular teeth of sheep and goats. In all but a few teeth, dental criteria proved to be much less reliable, especially in goats. They were also significantly less reliable in the identification of both younger and older animals. Unlike dental criteria, there are no biases introduced by variable reliability of postcranial criteria that distort taxon-specific harvest profiles based on long-bones. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zeder, Melinda A.] Smithsonian Inst, Archaeobiol Program, MRC 112, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Lapham, Heather A.] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Archaeol Invest, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Zeder, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Archaeobiol Program, MRC 112, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM zederm@si.edu NR 24 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2887 EP 2905 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2010.06.032 PG 19 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 655LO UT WOS:000282251700019 ER PT J AU Olson, KA Fuller, TK Mueller, T Murray, MG Nicolson, C Odonkhuu, D Bolortsetseg, S Schaller, GB AF Olson, Kirk A. Fuller, Todd K. Mueller, Thomas Murray, Martyn G. Nicolson, Craig Odonkhuu, Daria Bolortsetseg, Sanjaa Schaller, George B. TI Annual movements of Mongolian gazelles: Nomads in the Eastern Steppe SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Grassland; Grazing ecosystem; Large ungulate movements; Nomadism; Procapra gutturosa ID PROCAPRA-GUTTUROSA; SERENGETI WILDEBEEST; HETEROGENEOUS LANDSCAPES; VEGETATION GROWTH; PARTIAL MIGRATION; CENTRAL-ASIA; POPULATION; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS; SEARCH AB Determining the scale and pattern of, and the influences on, the movements of Mongolian gazelles is important because their numbers and range have been reduced significantly, and their remaining grassland habitat faces further fragmentation and degradation. Therefore, during 2000-2005 we monitored movements of individually marked Mongolian gazelle calves and adult females in the Eastern Steppe of Mongolia to identify variation in seasonal range sizes and locations, group sizes, and range characteristics. Annual range size for calves varied over an order of magnitude (800-18 700 km(2)), and none of 9 calves tracked for a full year returned to their birth site. Adult gazelles ranged widely (14 000-32 000 km(2) annually) and individuals captured together showed little range overlap. Seasonal shifts in range use suggested gazelles are readily able to take advantage of changing conditions, but the lack of consistent use of seasonal ranges is characteristic of a nomadic movement strategy. Developing strategies that protect ungulate populations that demonstrate nomadic movements is an important consideration in future conservation decisions. Understanding the ecology driving these movements will be an important next step. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Olson, Kirk A.; Fuller, Todd K.; Nicolson, Craig] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mueller, Thomas] Univ Maryland, Grad Program Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Murray, Martyn G.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Cell Anim & Populat Biol, Ashworth Labs, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland. [Odonkhuu, Daria; Bolortsetseg, Sanjaa] Natl Univ Mongolia, Dept Ecol, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. [Odonkhuu, Daria] Natl Geoinformat Ctr Nat Resource Management, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. [Bolortsetseg, Sanjaa] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Mongolia Program, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. [Schaller, George B.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA. [Mueller, Thomas] Natl Zool Pk, Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Schaller, George B.] Panthera Fdn, New York, NY 10018 USA. RP Fuller, TK (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM tkfuller@nrc.umass.edu RI Mueller, Thomas/A-1740-2014 OI Mueller, Thomas/0000-0001-9305-7716 FU UNDP/GEF/Government of Mongolia; Wildlife Conservation Society; National University of Mongolia; Disney Conservation Fund; Smithsonian Institution; National Science Foundation [DEB-0743385, DEB0743557] FX We thank the numerous herders who provided shelter and assistance while carrying out field work, particularly to Baatar and family. Support for this work was provided by UNDP/GEF/Government of Mongolia Eastern Steppes Biodiversity Project, the Wildlife Conservation Society, National University of Mongolia, Disney Conservation Fund, Smithsonian Institution, a grant from the National Science Foundation (DEB-0743385, DEB0743557), and an anonymous donor. NR 58 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 32 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 11 BP 1435 EP 1442 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.05.022 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 659DQ UT WOS:000282547600010 ER PT J AU Ferrari, FD AF Ferrari, Frank D. TI MORPHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND SEQUENCE SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crustacean phylogeny; somite additions; support values; trunk limb endites ID CRUSTACEA; SPINICAUDATA; BRANCHIOPODA; EVOLUTION; ONTOGENY; LARVAL; LIFE AB An arthropod phylogeny derived from nucleotide sequences (Regier et al., 2010) did not consider either the morphology or the development of crustaceans. Examples of a morphological transformation and developmental data appear to provide only limited support for the cladogram because similar morphology and development are found among distantly related crustaceans, while differing morphology and development are found among closely related crustaceans. One reason for the incongruity may be a method of sequence analysis that results in statistical support values. This method samples a population of purposefully-generated cladograms, although there has been only one history of life on earth; in effect the purposefully-generated cladograms are instrumental artifacts. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 534, IZ MSC, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Ferrari, FD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 534, IZ MSC, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM ferrarif@si.edu NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 BP 767 EP 769 DI 10.1651/10-3343.1 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 683YL UT WOS:000284514100026 ER PT J AU McCormick, MK Kettenring, KM Baron, HM Whigham, DF AF McCormick, Melissa K. Kettenring, Karin M. Baron, Heather M. Whigham, Dennis F. TI Spread of invasive Phragmites australis in estuaries with differing degrees of development: genetic patterns, Allee effects and interpretation SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Allee effect; Chesapeake Bay; genetic diversity; invasion ecology; invasive species; microsatellite markers; Phragmites australis ID SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA POACEAE; COMMON REED; POPULATION-GENETICS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NORTH-AMERICA; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; CHROMOSOME-NUMBERS; PACIFIC ESTUARY; COASTAL MARSH; PLOIDY LEVEL AB 1. The distribution of genetic variation can be interpreted to understand the timing and mechanisms of invasive species spread. Allee effects, positive relationships between fitness and density or number of conspecific individuals, can play a substantial role in determining the time lag between initial introduction and invasive spread and can produce genetic patterns in invading populations that can be interpreted to learn about factors affecting invasion mechanisms. 2. We examined the distribution of genetic variation in the invasive wetland grass Phragmites australis in the Chesapeake Bay, USA. We used microsatellite analysis to examine the reproductive mode (clonal vs. seed) by which the invasive haplotype of P. australis has spread and the distribution of genetic variation within and among brackish wetlands in nine subestuaries of the Chesapeake Bay. Watersheds associated with the subestuaries were dominated by forests, anthropogenic development or mixed forests and development. 3. Our results suggest that the invasive haplotype of P. australis has spread primarily sexually by seed, rather than clonally, and genetic diversity of patches within subestuaries increased while genetic similarity decreased with increasing development in the surrounding watershed. 4. This suggests a pattern whereby greater genetic diversity of patches may promote more rapid spread due to recruitment of multiple seedlings into a disturbed patch. 5. Synthesis. Evaluation of patterns of genetic distribution can help to identify factors affecting invasion in different environments and so inform management. C1 [McCormick, Melissa K.; Kettenring, Karin M.; Baron, Heather M.; Whigham, Dennis F.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP McCormick, MK (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Box 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM mccormickm@si.edu OI Whigham, Dennis/0000-0003-1488-820X FU Pennsylvania State University on EPA STAR [692105]; Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship; Smithsonian Work-Learn Internship FX We thank Jay O'Neill for assistance in the field and lab and Jeff Hunt for help with running the microsatellite analyses. We thank Elizabeth Stoffel of the American Chestnut Land Trust for access to Parkers Creek. This research was funded through a subcontract with Pennsylvania State University on EPA STAR grant # 692105 to Denice Wardrop, Principal Investigator, a Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship to K.M.K. and a Smithsonian Work-Learn Internship to H.M.B. Mark Minton and two anonymous referees provided valuable comments on previous versions of the manuscript. NR 66 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1369 EP 1378 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01712.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 664QS UT WOS:000282978100011 ER PT J AU Coats, DW Kim, S Bachvaroff, TR Handy, SM Delwiche, CF AF Coats, D. Wayne Kim, Sunju Bachvaroff, Tsvetan R. Handy, Sara M. Delwiche, Charles F. TI Tintinnophagus acutus n. g., n. sp. (Phylum Dinoflagellata), an Ectoparasite of the Ciliate Tintinnopsis cylindrica Daday 1887, and Its Relationship to Duboscquodinium collini Grasse 1952 SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ciliate; dinoflagellate; parasite; taxonomy; tintinnids ID SP-NOV DINOPHYCEAE; ALVEOLATE GROUP-I; LAKE TOVEL; PARASITE; FISH; GEN.; AMYLOODINIUM; DUBOSCQUELLA; REPRODUCTION; PHYLOGENY AB The dinoflagellate Tintinnophagus acutus n. g., n. sp., an ectoparasite of the ciliate Tintinnopsis cylindrica Daday, superficially resembles Duboscquodinium collini Grasse, a parasite of Eutintinnus fraknoii Daday. Dinospores of T. acutus are small transparent cells having a sharply pointed episome, conspicuous eyespot, posteriorly positioned nucleus with condensed chromosomes, and rigid form that may be supported by delicate thecal plates. Dinospores attach to the host via a feeding tube, losing their flagella, sulcus, and girdle to become spherical or ovoid cells. The trophont of T. acutus feeds on the host for several days, increasing dramatically in size before undergoing sporogenesis. Successive generations of daughter sporocytes are encompassed in an outer membrane or cyst wall, a feature not evident in trophonts. Tintinnophagus acutus differs from D. collini in host species, absence of a second membrane surrounding pre-sporogenic stages, and failure to differentiate into a gonocyte and a trophocyte at the first sporogenic division. Phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences placed T. acutus and D. collini in the class Dinophyceae, with T. acutus aligned loosely with Pfiesteria piscicida and related species, including Amyloodinium ocellatum, a parasite of fish, and Paulsenella vonstoschii, a parasite of diatoms. Dubosquodinium collini nested in a clade composed of several Scrippsiella species and Peridinium polonicum. Tree construction using longer rDNA sequences (i.e. SSU through partial large subunit) strengthened the placement of T. acutus and D. collini within the Dinophyceae. C1 [Coats, D. Wayne; Kim, Sunju; Bachvaroff, Tsvetan R.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Handy, Sara M.; Delwiche, Charles F.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM kimsu@si.edu RI Handy, Sara/C-6195-2008; Delwiche, Charles/C-6549-2008 OI Delwiche, Charles/0000-0001-7854-8584 FU National Science Foundation [EF-06299624, OCE-8911316] FX This work was funded in part by a National Science Foundation, Assembling the Tree of Life grant to C. F. D, D. W. C., and colleagues (EF-06299624) and a NSF Biological Oceanography award OCE-8911316 to D. W. C. Support on a Smithsonian Post-doctoral Fellowship enabled Sunju Kim to participate in the project. Collection and processing of sample in Villefranche-sur-Mer were made possible through the hospitality of Dr. John R. Dolan, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche Station Zoologique, and by logistic support from the ANR-BIODIVERSITE project AQUAPARADOX. We are greatly indebted to Dr. Sabine Agatha, Fachbereich Organismische Biologie, Universitat Salzburg for advice on tintinnid taxonomy and to Lois Reid for illustrations. NR 55 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 57 IS 6 BP 468 EP 482 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2010.00504.x PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 673VH UT WOS:000283691500003 PM 20880034 ER PT J AU Parenti, LR LoNostro, FL Grier, HJ AF Parenti, Lynne R. LoNostro, Fabiana L. Grier, Harry J. TI Reproductive Histology of Tomeurus gracilis Eigenmann, 1909 (Teleostei: Atherinomorpha: Poeciliidae) With Comments on Evolution of Viviparity in Atherinomorph Fishes SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spermatozeugma; zona pellucida; egg morphology; embryoparity/zygoparity; testis types ID HALFBEAKS ZENARCHOPTERIDAE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; LIFE-HISTORY; TESTIS; CYPRINODONTIFORMES; HEMIRAMPHIDAE; MORPHOLOGY; NOMORHAMPHUS; BELONIFORMES; KILLIFISHES AB Tomeurus gracilis is a species long considered pivotal in understanding the evolution of livebearing in atherinomorph fishes. Tomeurus gracilis is a zygoparous or embryoparous poeciliid: internal fertilization is followed by females laying fertilized eggs singly or retaining fertilized eggs until or near hatching. Tomeurus was hypothesized as the sister group of the viviparous poeciliids until it was proposed as a close relative of a derived viviparous poeciliid, Cnesterodon, hence nested among viviparous taxa rather than near the root of the tree. Here, we describe and compare reproductive morphological characters of the little-known Tomeurus with those of representative atherinomorphs. In Tomeurus and Cnesterodon, sperm are packaged in naked sperm bundles, or spermatozeugmata, in a configuration considered here diagnostic of viviparous poeciliids. Testes are single and free sperm are stored in the ovary in both taxa in contrast to oviparous atherinomorphs in which testes are paired and sperm are not packaged and not stored in the ovary. Efferent ducts in Cnesterodon testes and other viviparous poeciliids have a PAS-positive secretion demonstrating presence of a glycoprotein that inactivates sperm or prevents final sperm maturation. No PAS-positive staining secretion was observed in Tomeurus or oviparous atherinomorphs. Tomeurus shares apomorphic reproductive characters, such as sperm bundle and testis morphology and a gonopodium, with viviparous poeciliids and plesiomorphic characters, such as a thick zona pellucida with filaments, with oviparous taxa. We do not postulate loss or reversal of viviparity in Tomeurus, and we corroborate its phylogenetic position as sister to the viviparous poeciliids. J. Morphol. 271:1399-1406, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 [Parenti, Lynne R.; Grier, Harry J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Fishes, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [LoNostro, Fabiana L.] Univ Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Lab Embriol Anim, Depto Biodiversidad & Biol Expt, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [LoNostro, Fabiana L.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Parenti, LR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Fishes, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM parentil@si.edu NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0362-2525 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 271 IS 11 BP 1399 EP 1406 DI 10.1002/jmor.10886 PG 8 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 674QB UT WOS:000283761200011 PM 20862693 ER PT J AU Ropret, P Miliani, C Centeno, SA Tavzes, C Rosi, F AF Ropret, Polonca Miliani, Costanza Centeno, Silvia A. Tavzes, Crtomir Rosi, Francesca TI Advances in Raman mapping of works of art SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman mapping; motorized x-y stage; scanning mirrors; large works of art; noninvasive ID SYNTHETIC ORGANIC PIGMENTS; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; PAINTINGS; CORROSION; SPECTRA AB Raman mapping can provide molecular information to complement data derived from other analytical techniques in works of art and other objects of cultural significance. Raman mapping can be performed using a motorized microscope stage that moves a sample or an object point by point in two spatial directions. The method can be used both noninvasively in works of art that fit under a microscope objective and in microsamples when, for example, obtaining information on the samples' layering structure is necessary. This paper reports on the development of a Raman mapping approach based on a set of scanning mirrors that direct the laser beam in two spatial directions, vertically through the microscope head or through a horizontal exit on the Raman microspectrometer. The first configuration still has limitations in terms of the size of the work of art that can be analyzed, as it has to fit under the microscope objective, but considerably larger objects can be studied when using the scanning mirrors placed in the horizontal exit. In this paper, the advantages and limitations of these two Raman mapping approaches are compared and discussed on the basis of an example of a contemporary oil painting on canvas. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Centeno, Silvia A.] Metropolitan Museum Art, New York, NY 10028 USA. [Ropret, Polonca; Tavzes, Crtomir] Inst Protect Cultural Heritage Slovenia, Conservat Ctr, Res Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Ropret, Polonca; Tavzes, Crtomir] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Miliani, Costanza] CNR ISTM, Dipartimento Chim, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Rosi, Francesca] Univ Perugia, INSTM Operat Unit Perugia, Dipartimento Chim, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. RP Centeno, SA (reprint author), Metropolitan Museum Art, New York, NY 10028 USA. EM silvia.centeno@metmuseum.org RI Miliani, Costanza/O-2888-2015; Rosi, Francesca/P-5396-2015; OI Miliani, Costanza/0000-0001-6091-9922; Rosi, Francesca/0000-0002-1518-4784; Centeno, Silvia/0000-0002-8496-4426 NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 41 IS 11 SI SI BP 1462 EP 1467 DI 10.1002/jrs.2733 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 696KT UT WOS:000285441000011 ER PT J AU Stine, JK AF Stine, Jeffrey K. TI Perilous Place, Powerful Storms: Hurricane Protection in Coastal Louisiana SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Stine, Jeffrey K.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Stine, JK (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1084 EP 1085 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 679SZ UT WOS:000284182400101 ER PT J AU Madden, D Garber, PA Madden, SL Snyder, CA AF Madden, D. Garber, P. A. Madden, S. L. Snyder, C. A. TI Rain-forest canopy-connectivity and habitat selection by a small neotropical primate, Geoffroy's tamarin (Saguinus geoffroyi) SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arthropods; lianas; palms; Panama; spines; thorns ID BARRO-COLORADO ISLAND; TROPICAL FOREST; BODY-SIZE; FUSCICOLLIS; MYSTAX; BRAZIL; PANAMA; ACARI; PERU; ANTS AB Wild populations of a small neotropical primate, Geoffroy's tamarin (Saguinus geoffroyi), were studied through 30-s instantaneous observational sampling to identify different canopy habitats used by this tamarin. Tree and shrub canopies were sampled in randomly selected plots and in nearby plots that tamarins were observed to use in the forests of Agua Clara, Panama (28 d, 59 100-m(2) plots, 32.25 h of tamarin observations, 27 tamarins in total), and in the nearby forests of Barro Colorado Island (49 d, 29 100-m(2) plots, 29.6 h of tamarin observations, 14 tamarins in total). Light penetration through the canopy, ambient temperature and humidity, presence of other primates, stem diameters, plant life-forms, distribution of woody flora, abundance of fleshy fruits and arthropods typically consumed by tamarins and abundance of thorny vegetation and biting arthropods in plots used by tamarins were compared with control plots. Habitats used by tamarins had significantly shorter distances between adjacent tree canopies and between canopies and the ground. There was a random distribution of large insects and fleshy fruits that tamarins are known to eat. Habitat selection by tamarins may not be influenced by spiny vegetation, but tamarins may avoid areas with abundant hooked thorns and blood-sucking arthropods. Mobility along runways in various tiers of a rain-forest canopy may be of primary importance, with local abundance of food being a secondary consideration in habitat selection by this small primate. C1 [Madden, D.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Garber, P. A.] Univ Illinois, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Dept Anthropol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Madden, S. L.; Snyder, C. A.] MJC Biol Dept, Modesto, CA 95350 USA. RP Madden, D (reprint author), POB 1422, Sutter Creek, CA 95685 USA. EM maddend@mjc.edu RI Habe, Neusa/D-6316-2011 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 26 BP 637 EP 644 DI 10.1017/S0266467410000441 PN 6 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 674XT UT WOS:000283785200008 ER PT J AU Andree, K Axtner, J Bagley, MJ Barlow, EJ Beebee, TJC Bennetzen, JL Bermingham, E Boisselier-Dubayle, MC Bozarth, CA Brooks, CP Brown, RP Catanese, G Cavers, S Ceron-Souza, I Chak, STC Chan, MN Charles-Dominique, P Chen, CY Chen, JD Chinchilla, L Da Silva, D Dafreville, S Daunt, F Delatte, H Dorge, T Duncan, N Durand, JD Duvernell, D Estep, M Fan, S Fattahi, R Villela, OF Fong, Y Freville, H Funes, V Gallardo-Escarate, C Ganeshaiah, KN Ghaffari, MR Girod, C Gomez-Moliner, BJ Gonzalez-Porter, GP Gosa, A Govers, F Guerin, F Guindo, D Hailer, F Haye, PA Hoelmer, KA Hofmann, S Hong, Y Hu, CQ Huang, SW Humeau, L Infante, C Jackson, SA Jacobsen, E Jowkar, A Kafi, M Kermani, MJ Kim, H Kim, KS Kim, MY Knibb, W Koita, OA Korpelainen, H Lambourdiere, J Lasso, E Leblois, R Lee, H Lee, SW Leung, FCC Leung, KMY Li, CH Li, Y Lieckfeldt, D Lizana, M Loughry, WJ Luo, P Madeira, MJ Mahmoodi, P Maldonado, JE Mardi, M Mendes, O Miehe, G Muth, P Nacci, D Kumar, LN Ng, WC Pailler, T Parzies, HK Perez, L Pfunder, M Pietilaeinen, M Pirseyedi, SM Porta, D Porta, J Porta, JM Quilici, S Rakotoarivelo, FP Ramesha, BT Ravikanth, G Riera, B Risterucci, AM Roberts, DA Samadi, S Sarasola-Puente, V Sarrazin, E Sarthou, C Schmidt, A Segovia, NI Shen, KN Simiand, C Bin Sman, MH Solhoy, T Sommer, S Sumangala, RC Taubert, R Tejangkura, T Telford, A Testa, A Tollon-Cordet, C Tzeng, WN Shaanker, RU van der Lee, TAJ Van Mourik, TA Vasudeva, R Wai, TC Wang, RL Welch, ME Weltzien, E Whitehead, A Woodard, A Xia, JJ Zeinolabedini, M Zhang, L AF Andree, K. Axtner, Jan Bagley, M. J. Barlow, E. J. Beebee, T. J. C. Bennetzen, Jeffrey L. Bermingham, Eldredge Boisselier-Dubayle, M. C. Bozarth, Christine A. Brooks, Christopher P. Brown, R. P. Catanese, Gaetano Cavers, S. Ceron-Souza, Ivania Chak, Solomon T. C. Chan, M. N. Charles-Dominique, P. Chen, C. Y. Chen, J. D. Chinchilla, Leah Da Silva, D. Dafreville, S. Daunt, F. Delatte, H. Dorge, T. Duncan, N. Durand, J. D. Duvernell, D. Estep, Matt Fan, Sigang Fattahi, R. Villela, Oscar Flores Fong, Yokking Freville, H. Funes, Victoria Gallardo-Escarate, C. Ganeshaiah, K. N. Ghaffari, M. R. Girod, C. Gomez-Moliner, B. J. Gonzalez-Porter, Gracia P. Gosa, A. Govers, F. Guerin, F. Guindo, Diarah Hailer, Frank Haye, P. A. Hoelmer, Kim A. Hofmann, S. Hong, Yan Hu, Chaoqun Huang, S. W. Humeau, L. Infante, Carlos Jackson, S. A. Jacobsen, E. Jowkar, A. Kafi, M. Kermani, M. J. Kim, Hyojoong Kim, Kyung Seok Kim, Min-Young Knibb, W. Koita, Ousmane A. Korpelainen, H. Lambourdiere, J. Lasso, Eloisa Leblois, R. Lee, Hang Lee, Seungh-Wan Leung, F. C. C. Leung, Kenneth M. Y. Li, Chunhong Li, Y. Lieckfeldt, Dietmar Lizana, M. Loughry, W. J. Luo, Peng Madeira, M. J. Mahmoodi, P. Maldonado, Jesus E. Mardi, M. Mendes, O. Miehe, G. Muth, Peter Nacci, D. Kumar, L. Naveen Ng, Wai-Chuen Pailler, T. Parzies, Heiko K. Perez, Laura Pfunder, M. Pietilaeinen, M. Pirseyedi, S. M. Porta, D. Porta, J. Porta, J. M. Quilici, S. Rakotoarivelo, F. P. Ramesha, B. T. Ravikanth, G. Riera, B. Risterucci, A. M. Roberts, D. A. Samadi, S. Sarasola-Puente, V. Sarrazin, E. Sarthou, C. Schmidt, Anke Segovia, N. I. Shen, K. N. Simiand, C. Bin Sman, Muhammad Hidayat Solhoy, T. Sommer, Simone Sumangala, R. C. Taubert, Ramona Tejangkura, T. Telford, A. Testa, A. Tollon-Cordet, C. Tzeng, W. N. Shaanker, R. Uma van der Lee, T. A. J. Van Mourik, Thomas A. Vasudeva, R. Wai, T. C. Wang, R. L. Welch, Mark E. Weltzien, Eva Whitehead, A. Woodard, Anastasia Xia, Jianjun Zeinolabedini, M. Zhang, Lvping CA Mol Ecology Resources Primer Dev C TI Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 April 2010-31 May 2010 SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article AB This article documents the addition of 396 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Anthocidaris crassispina, Aphis glycines, Argyrosomus regius, Astrocaryum sciophilum, Dasypus novemcinctus, Delomys sublineatus, Dermatemys mawii, Fundulus heteroclitus, Homalaspis plana, Jumellea rossii, Khaya senegalensis, Mugil cephalus, Neoceratitis cyanescens, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Phytophthora infestans, Piper cordulatum, Pterocarpus indicus, Rana dalmatina, Rosa pulverulenta, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Scomber colias, Semecarpus kathalekanensis, Stichopus monotuberculatus, Striga hermonthica, Tarentola boettgeri and Thermophis baileyi. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Aphis gossypii, Sooretamys angouya, Euryoryzomys russatus, Fundulus notatus, Fundulus olivaceus, Fundulus catenatus, Fundulus majalis, Jumellea fragrans, Jumellea triquetra Jumellea recta, Jumellea stenophylla, Liza richardsonii, Piper marginatum, Piper aequale, Piper darienensis, Piper dilatatum, Rana temporaria, Rana iberica, Rana pyrenaica, Semecarpus anacardium, Semecarpus auriculata, Semecarpus travancorica, Spondias acuminata, Holigarna grahamii, Holigarna beddomii, Mangifera indica, Anacardium occidentale, Tarentola delalandii, Tarentola caboverdianus and Thermophis zhaoermii. C1 [Andree, K.; Duncan, N.; Mol Ecology Resources Primer Dev C] IRTA St Carles Rapita, San Carlos de la Rapita 43540, Spain. [Axtner, Jan; Lieckfeldt, Dietmar; Schmidt, Anke; Sommer, Simone; Taubert, Ramona] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wild life Res, D-10315 Berlin, Germany. [Bagley, M. J.; Jackson, S. A.; Wang, R. L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Barlow, E. J.; Cavers, S.; Daunt, F.; Telford, A.] NERC Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, CEH Edinburgh, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. [Barlow, E. J.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. [Beebee, T. J. C.] Univ Sussex, Sch Life Sci, Dept Biochem, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England. [Bennetzen, Jeffrey L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bermingham, Eldredge; Ceron-Souza, Ivania; Lasso, Eloisa] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City 084303092, Panama. [Boisselier-Dubayle, M. C.; Lambourdiere, J.; Sarrazin, E.] CNRS, Serv Systemat Mol, UMS 2700, F-75231 Paris 05, France. [Boisselier-Dubayle, M. C.; Lambourdiere, J.; Samadi, S.] CNRS, UPMC IRD MNHN, UMR 7138, F-75231 Paris 05, France. [Bozarth, Christine A.; Gonzalez-Porter, Gracia P.; Hailer, Frank; Maldonado, Jesus E.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Brooks, Christopher P.; Chinchilla, Leah; Welch, Mark E.; Woodard, Anastasia] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Brown, R. P.; Tejangkura, T.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Nat Sci & Psychol, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. [Catanese, Gaetano; Funes, Victoria; Infante, Carlos; Perez, Laura] Consejeria Agr & Pesca, Lab Identificac Especies Pesqueras & Acuicolas, IFAPA Ctr El Toruno, Cadiz 11500, Spain. [Chak, Solomon T. C.; Leung, Kenneth M. Y.; Ng, Wai-Chuen; Wai, T. C.] Univ Hong Kong, Swire Inst Marine Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Chak, Solomon T. C.; Leung, Kenneth M. Y.; Ng, Wai-Chuen; Wai, T. C.] Univ Hong Kong, Div Ecol & Biodivers, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Charles-Dominique, P.; Freville, H.] CEFE CNRS, Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-34293 Montpellier 05, France. [Chen, C. Y.; Chen, J. D.] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Dept Aquaculture, Chilung, Taiwan. [Da Silva, D.; Dafreville, S.; Guerin, F.; Humeau, L.; Pailler, T.; Rakotoarivelo, F. P.] Univ La Reunion, UMR PVBMT, St Denis 97715, Reunion. [Delatte, H.; Quilici, S.; Simiand, C.] Univ La Reunion, CIRAD Pole Protect Plantes, PVBMT, UMR C53, St Pierre 97410, Reunion. [Dorge, T.] Tibet Univ, Dept Life Sci, Inst High Mt Anim Ecol, Lhasa 850000, Tibetan AR, Peoples R China. [Durand, J. D.] ECOLAG, Inst Rech Dev, UMR 5119, Dakar, Senegal. [Duvernell, D.] So Illinois Univ, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. [Estep, Matt] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Fan, Sigang; Hu, Chaoqun; Luo, Peng; Xia, Jianjun; Zhang, Lvping] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, Labs Appl Marine Biol & Marine Bioresources Susta, Guangzhou 510301, Peoples R China. [Fattahi, R.; Jowkar, A.; Kafi, M.] Univ Tehran, Fac Agr, Karaj 3158777871, Iran. [Villela, Oscar Flores; Gonzalez-Porter, Gracia P.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Museo Zool, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Fong, Yokking] Natl Pk Board, Singapore 259569, Singapore. [Gallardo-Escarate, C.] Univ Concepcion, Ctr Biotecnol, Fac Ciencias Nat & Oceanog, Dept Oceanog, Concepcion, Chile. [Ganeshaiah, K. N.; Kumar, L. Naveen; Ravikanth, G.; Sumangala, R. C.; Shaanker, R. Uma] Ashoka Trust Res Ecol & Environm, Conservat Genet Lab, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India. [Ganeshaiah, K. N.; Ramesha, B. T.; Ravikanth, G.; Shaanker, R. Uma] Univ Agr Sci, Sch Ecol & Conservat, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India. [Ganeshaiah, K. N.] Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forestry & Environm Sci, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India. [Ghaffari, M. R.; Jowkar, A.; Kermani, M. J.; Mahmoodi, P.; Mardi, M.; Pirseyedi, S. M.; Zeinolabedini, M.] ABRII, Karaj 315351897, Iran. [Girod, C.; Riera, B.; Sarrazin, E.] CNRS MNHN, UMR 7179, F-91800 Brunoy, France. [Gomez-Moliner, B. J.; Madeira, M. J.; Sarasola-Puente, V.] Univ Basque Country, Dept Zool & Biol Celular Anim, Vitoria 01006, Spain. [Gosa, A.; Sarasola-Puente, V.] Aranzadi Soc Sci, Donostia San Sebastian 20014, Spain. [Govers, F.; Jacobsen, E.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Haye, P. A.; Segovia, N. I.] Univ Catolica Norte, Dept Marine Biol, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile. [Haye, P. A.; Segovia, N. I.] CEAZA, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile. [Hoelmer, Kim A.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insect Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Hofmann, S.] Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Hong, Yan; Li, Chunhong; Bin Sman, Muhammad Hidayat] Natl Univ Singapore, Temasek Life Sci Lab, Singapore 117604, Singapore. [Huang, S. W.; Li, Y.] China Acad Agr Sci, Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Kim, Hyojoong; Kim, Min-Young; Lee, Seungh-Wan] Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Agr & Life Sci, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Kim, Kyung Seok; Lee, Hang] Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Vet Sci, Coll Vet Med, Conservat Genome Resource Bank Korean Wildlife, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Koita, Ousmane A.] Univ Bamako, Fac Sci & Tech, Lab Appl Mol Biol, Bamako, Mali. [Korpelainen, H.; Pietilaeinen, M.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Agr Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Leblois, R.; Sarthou, C.] CNRS MNHN, UMR 7205, F-75005 Paris, France. [Lizana, M.; Sarasola-Puente, V.] Univ Salamanca, Dept Biol Anim, Salamanca 37071, Spain. [Loughry, W. J.] Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. [Miehe, G.] Philipps Univ Marburg, Dept Geog, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Muth, Peter; Parzies, Heiko K.] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Plant Breeding Seed Sci & Populat Genet, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. [Nacci, D.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Pfunder, M.] Ecogen GmbH, CH-8952 Zurich, Switzerland. [Porta, D.; Porta, J.; Porta, J. M.] AquaSolut Biotech, Malaga 29590, Spain. [Ramesha, B. T.; Shaanker, R. Uma] Univ Agr Sci, Dept Crop Physiol, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India. [Risterucci, A. M.] CIRAD, UMR 1096, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. [Roberts, D. A.; Whitehead, A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Shen, K. N.; Tzeng, W. N.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Fisheries Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Solhoy, T.] Univ Bergen, Dept Zool, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Testa, A.] Univ Naples Federico 2, Sch Biotechnol Sci, Dept Arboriculture Bot & Plant Pathol, Naples, Italy. [Tollon-Cordet, C.] INRA, UMR DIAPC, F-34060 Montpellier 01, France. [Van Mourik, Thomas A.; Weltzien, Eva] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Bamako, Mali. [Vasudeva, R.] Univ Agr Sci, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Biol, Sirsi 581401, India. RP Andree, K (reprint author), IRTA St Carles Rapita, Ctra Poble Nou Km5-5, San Carlos de la Rapita 43540, Spain. RI Hong, Yan/D-5106-2014; Perry, Annika/F-6784-2014; Andree, Karl/L-7465-2014; MADEIRA, MARIA JOSE/L-7556-2014; Miehe, Georg/A-5961-2015; Haye, Pilar/B-7082-2015; Durand, Jean-Dominique/G-3713-2016; Testa, Antonino/H-6864-2012; Daunt, Francis/K-6688-2012; Duncan, Neil/B-8906-2013; Govers, Francine/A-5616-2009; Leung, Kenneth/C-1055-2009; vanderlee, Theo/J-7296-2013; Axtner, Jan/A-1918-2010; samadi, sarah/G-5011-2010; Cavers, Stephen/B-7806-2010; Lee, Hang/A-7516-2011; Hailer, Frank/C-9114-2012; Leblois, Raphael/A-8815-2008; Whitehead, Andrew/G-2122-2012; CATANESE, GAETANO/A-7510-2009; OI Hong, Yan/0000-0002-2954-8788; Perry, Annika/0000-0002-7889-7597; Andree, Karl/0000-0001-6564-0015; MADEIRA, MARIA JOSE/0000-0002-7357-7228; Haye, Pilar/0000-0002-1093-9076; Durand, Jean-Dominique/0000-0002-0261-0377; Duvernell, David/0000-0003-2478-6522; Axtner, Jan/0000-0003-1269-5586; Testa, Antonino/0000-0003-3983-2448; Daunt, Francis/0000-0003-4638-3388; Govers, Francine/0000-0001-5311-929X; Cavers, Stephen/0000-0003-2139-9236; Lee, Hang/0000-0003-0264-6289; Hailer, Frank/0000-0002-2340-1726; Leblois, Raphael/0000-0002-3051-4497; CATANESE, GAETANO/0000-0001-6219-4494; Flores-Villela, Oscar/0000-0002-2849-6912; GOMEZ MOLINER, BENJAMIN JUAN/0000-0002-3054-8806; Lasso, Eloisa/0000-0003-4586-8674; Jafarkhani Kermani, Maryam/0000-0002-6013-8314; Knibb, Wayne/0000-0003-2593-0303; Korpelainen, Helena/0000-0002-7046-6995 NR 0 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1098 EP 1105 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02898.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 663IJ UT WOS:000282876300023 PM 21565124 ER PT J AU Lovette, IJ Perez-Eman, JL Sullivan, JP Banks, RC Fiorentino, I Cordoba-Cordoba, S Echeverry-Galvis, M Barker, FK Burns, KJ Klicka, J Lanyon, SM Bermingham, E AF Lovette, Irby J. Perez-Eman, Jorge L. Sullivan, John P. Banks, Richard C. Fiorentino, Isabella Cordoba-Cordoba, Sergio Echeverry-Galvis, Maria Barker, F. Keith Burns, Kevin J. Klicka, John Lanyon, Scott M. Bermingham, Eldredge TI A comprehensive multilocus phylogeny for the wood-warblers and a revised classification of the Parulidae (Ayes) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Parulidae; Wood-warbler; Systematics; Phylogeny; Classification ID NORTH-AMERICAN; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; DENDROICA-CORONATA; MTDNA MARKERS; MIXED MODELS; HYBRID ZONE; X DENDROICA; EVOLUTION; MITOCHONDRIAL; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB The birds in the family Parulidae-commonly termed the New World warblers or wood-warblers-are a classic model radiation for studies of ecological and behavioral differentiation. Although the monophyly of a 'core' wood-warbler clade is well established, no phylogenetic hypothesis for this group has included a full sampling of wood-warbler species diversity. We used parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods to reconstruct relationships among all genera and nearly all wood-warbler species, based on a matrix of mitochondrial DNA (5840 nucleotides) and nuclear DNA (6 loci, 4602 nucleotides) characters. The resulting phylogenetic hypotheses provide a highly congruent picture of wood-warbler relationships, and indicate that the traditional generic classification of these birds recognizes many non-monophyletic groups. We recommend a revised taxonomy in which each of 14 genera (Seiurus, Helmitheros, Mniotilta, Limnothlypis, Protonotaria, Parkesia, Vermivora, Oreothlypis, Geothlypis, Setophaga, Myioborus, Cardellina, Basileuterus, Myiothlypis) corresponds to a well-supported clade; these nomenclatural changes also involve subsuming a number of well-known, traditional wood-warbler genera (Catharopeza, Dendroica, Ergaticus, Euthlypis, Leucopeza, Oporornis, Parula, Phaeothlypis, Wilsonia). We provide a summary phylogenetic hypothesis that will be broadly applicable to investigations of the historical biogeography, processes of diversification, and evolution of trait variation in this well studied avian group. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lovette, Irby J.; Sullivan, John P.; Fiorentino, Isabella; Cordoba-Cordoba, Sergio; Echeverry-Galvis, Maria] Cornell Univ, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Fuller Evolutionary Biol Program, Ithaca, NY 14950 USA. [Perez-Eman, Jorge L.] Cent Univ Venezuela, Inst Zool & Ecol Trop, Caracas 1041A, Venezuela. [Banks, Richard C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Barker, F. Keith; Lanyon, Scott M.] Univ Minnesota, Bell Museum Nat Hist, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Burns, Kevin J.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Klicka, John] Univ Nevada, Barrick Museum Nat Hist, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Bermingham, Eldredge] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Lovette, IJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Fuller Evolutionary Biol Program, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14950 USA. EM IJL2@cornell.edu RI Barker, Keith/K-2795-2012; Lovette, Irby/P-3477-2014 OI Barker, Keith/0000-0001-7488-2470; FU Microsoft Corporation; [NSF-DEB-0315218]; [NSF-DEB-0515981]; [NSF-DEB-0814277] FX We thank the many field scientists who collected and archived specimens later used for this study, and for the loan of those materials from the associated museums and collections-based institutions, including the Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Sciences, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Field Museum of Natural History, American Museum of Natural History, University of Washington Burke Museum, Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution (USA), University of Las Vegas Barrick Museum of Natural History, Instituto Alexander von Humboldt, Coleccion Ornitologica Phelps, University of Kansas Natural History Museum, and University of Minnesota Bell Museum of Natural History. For laboratory assistance we thank Amanda Talaba and Laura Stenzler, and for comments on the manuscript we thank Ben Winger. For access to their high-performance computing cluster we thank the Computational Biology Service Unit of Cornell University, which is supported in part by the Microsoft Corporation. This research was supported in part by grants NSF-DEB-0315218, NSF-DEB-0515981, and NSF-DEB-0814277. NR 103 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 71 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2 BP 753 EP 770 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.018 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 679QV UT WOS:000284176800023 PM 20696258 ER PT J AU Reece, JS Bowen, BW Smith, DG Larson, A AF Reece, Joshua S. Bowen, Brian W. Smith, David G. Larson, Allan TI Molecular phylogenetics of moray eels (Muraenidae) demonstrates multiple origins of a shell-crushing jaw (Gymnomuraena, Echidna) and multiple colonizations of the Atlantic Ocean SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Parallelism; Homology; Diversification; Indo-Pacific; Coral reef fish ID CORAL-REEF FISH; DNA POLYMORPHISM; INDO-PACIFIC; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; STATISTICAL-METHOD; RECENT INVASION; EVOLUTION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; INFERENCE; LABRIDAE AB Moray eels (Muraenidae) are apex predators on coral reefs around the world, but they are not well studied because their cryptic habitats and occasionally aggressive behaviors make them difficult to collect. We provide a molecular phylogeny of moray eels including 44 species representing two subfamilies, eight genera, and all tropical ocean basins. Phylogenetic relationships among these taxa are estimated from portions of mitochondrial loci cytochrome b (632 bp) and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (596 bp), and portions of the nuclear loci RAG-1 (421 bp) and RAG-2 (754 bp). We test four sets of contrasting phylogenetic hypotheses using Bayes Factors, Shimodaira-Hasegawa tests, and Templeton tests. First, our results support the subfamily-level taxonomic distinction between true morays (Muraeninae) and snakemorays (Uropterygiinae), statistically rejecting hypotheses of non-monophyly for each subfamily. Second, we reject a monophyletic grouping of the genera Gymnomuraena and Echidna, which share a durophagous (shell-crushing) cranial morphology and dentition, indicating that the durophagous characters are not homologous. Third, we demonstrate that durophagous feeding habits and associated morphological characters have evolved in parallel in an ancestor of Gymnomuraena and at least three additional times within the genus Echidna. Finally, the tree topology indicates multiple invasions of the Atlantic from the Indo-Pacific, one of these occurring immediately prior to formation of the Isthmus of Panama approximately 2.8 MYA (million years ago) and one or two others occurring in the early to mid Miocene. Cladogenesis occurring within the Atlantic during the mid Miocene and Pliocene also contributed to moray species diversity. These data include a pair of sister species separated by the Isthmus of Panama, allowing a time-calibrated tree with an estimated crown age for Muraenidae at between 41 and 60 MYA, consistent with fossil evidence. Most lineage accumulation within morays occurred from the late Oligocene (24-27 MYA) through the Miocene (5-23 MYA) to the late Pliocene (similar to 2.5 MYA). (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Reece, Joshua S.; Larson, Allan] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Bowen, Brian W.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Smith, David G.] Smithsonian Inst, Div Fishes, Museum Support Ctr MRC 534, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Reece, JS (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Box 1137,1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM jsreece@wustl.edu; bbowen@hawaii.edu; smithd@si.edu; larson@wustl.edu FU National Science Foundation [DDIG-0909756, OCE-0453167, OCE-0929031]; PADI Foundation; Society of Systematic Biologists; Fish Barcode of Life Initiative; DeepFin Project; National Geographic Young Scientists Award FX Funding for this project was provided by National Science Foundation grants DDIG-0909756 to A.L. and J.S.R., OCE-0453167 and OCE-0929031 to B.W.B. Additional funding was provided to J.S.R. through the PADI Foundation, The Society of Systematic Biologists, the Fish Barcode of Life Initiative, the DeepFin Project, and the National Geographic Young Scientists Award. We thank Jeffrey Hunt and Lee Weigt of the Smithsonian Institution, Arnold Suzumoto and Jack Randall of the Bishop Museum, Randall Kosaki and the crew of the NOAA ship Hi'ialakai, the Stock Assessment Program at the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, and the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology staff. Tissues and vouchers were provided by the University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute, the Smithsonian Institution, Australian Museum, the South Africa Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, and the California Aquarium. We thank the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, US Fish and Wildlife Services, and Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR) for coordinating research activities and permits for the NW Hawaiian Islands. Thanks to Jeff Eble, Zoltan Szabo, Rita Mehta, Rob Toonen, Michelle Gaither, Robert Moffitt, Joe O'Malley, Toby Daly-Engel, and Mathew Furtado of Koolau Pets for assistance collecting specimens. Vadim Goz and Kavita Joshi contributed to the genetic data used in this study. Matt Craig, Nicolas Kooyers, Jose Lopez, Luiz Rocha, Alan Templeton, Vitas Wagner, and anonymous reviewers and provided helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 61 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2 BP 829 EP 835 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.013 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 679QV UT WOS:000284176800029 PM 20674752 ER PT J AU Herrera, MS Realpe, E Salazar, C AF Sanchez Herrera, Melissa Realpe, Emilio Salazar, Camilo TI A neotropical polymorphic damselfly shows poor congruence between genetic and traditional morphological characters in Odonata SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Cryptic species; Polymorphism; Polythore; Damselfly ID EVOLUTION; DNA; SEQUENCES; BUTTERFLIES; PHYLOGENIES; DIVERSITY; SOFTWARE; CHOICE AB The Neotropical damselfly genus Polythore consists of nineteen described morphospecies. We used the COI barcode locus (799 bp), male genitalia, wing venation, and geometrical pattern variation to clarify specific status in four Polythore procera populations in the Andean foothills of Colombia. Morphological data corroborates that all populations are P. procera, but molecular data suggests two well-supported reciprocal monophyletic clades. A high genetic divergence (similar to 3%) was observed between them, and different degrees of gene flow were estimated by MDIV among populations. Our results support a recent (1.4 mya) possible speciation with morphological stasis where unknown reproductive mechanisms may be involved. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sanchez Herrera, Melissa; Realpe, Emilio] Univ Los Andes, Lab Zool & Ecol Acuat, Bogota, Colombia. [Salazar, Camilo] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Salazar, Camilo] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. RP Herrera, MS (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Lab Zool & Ecol Acuat, Cr 1 18A-10 J307, Bogota, Colombia. EM mel-sanc@uniandes.edu.co; erealpe@uniandes.edu.co; salazarc@si.edu RI Salazar, camilo/A-1647-2010; OI Salazar, camilo/0000-0001-9217-6588; Sanchez Herrera, Melissa/0000-0001-5144-4996 FU Science Faculty grant Proyecto Semilla at Universidad de los Andes; COLCIENCIAS [120440520138] FX The authors wish to thanks the Science Faculty grant Proyecto Semilla at Universidad de los Andes for financial support. Dr. Christopher Beatty and Dr. Olalla Lorenzo-Carballa deserve special thanks for providing to us the sequences of P. spaeteri and P.picta. CS thanks COLCIENCIAS grants 120440520138. E. Ortiz and J. P. Gomez are gratefully acknowledged for their valuable collaboration. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2 BP 912 EP 917 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.08.016 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 679QV UT WOS:000284176800038 PM 20736073 ER PT J AU Rowan-Robinson, M Roseboom, IG Vaccari, M Amblard, A Arumugam, V Auld, R Aussel, H Babbedge, T Blain, A Bock, J Boselli, A Brisbin, D Buat, V Burgarella, D Castro-Rodriguez, N Cava, A Chanial, P Clements, DL Conley, A Conversi, L Cooray, A Dowell, CD Dwek, E Dye, S Eales, S Elbaz, D Farrah, D Fox, M Franceschini, A Gear, W Glenn, J Solares, EAG Griffin, M Halpern, M Hatziminaoglou, E Huang, J Ibar, E Isaak, K Ivison, RJ Lagache, G Levenson, L Lu, N Madden, S Maffei, B Mainetti, G Marchetti, L Mortier, AMJ Nguyen, HT O'Halloran, B Oliver, SJ Omont, A Page, MJ Panuzzo, P Papageorgiou, A Patel, H Pearson, CP Fournon, IP Pohlen, M Rawlings, JI Raymond, G Rigopoulou, D Rizzo, D Schulz, B Scott, D Seymour, N Shupe, DL Smith, AJ Stevens, JA Symeonidis, M Trichas, M Tugwell, KE Valtchanov, I Vigroux, L Wang, L Ward, R Wright, G Xu, CK Zemcov, M AF Rowan-Robinson, M. Roseboom, I. G. Vaccari, M. Amblard, A. Arumugam, V. Auld, R. Aussel, H. Babbedge, T. Blain, A. Bock, J. Boselli, A. Brisbin, D. Buat, V. Burgarella, D. Castro-Rodriguez, N. Cava, A. Chanial, P. Clements, D. L. Conley, A. Conversi, L. Cooray, A. Dowell, C. D. Dwek, E. Dye, S. Eales, S. Elbaz, D. Farrah, D. Fox, M. Franceschini, A. Gear, W. Glenn, J. Solares, E. A. Gonzalez Griffin, M. Halpern, M. Hatziminaoglou, E. Huang, J. Ibar, E. Isaak, K. Ivison, R. J. Lagache, G. Levenson, L. Lu, N. Madden, S. Maffei, B. Mainetti, G. Marchetti, L. Mortier, A. M. J. Nguyen, H. T. O'Halloran, B. Oliver, S. J. Omont, A. Page, M. J. Panuzzo, P. Papageorgiou, A. Patel, H. Pearson, C. P. Perez Fournon, I. Pohlen, M. Rawlings, J. I. Raymond, G. Rigopoulou, D. Rizzo, D. Schulz, B. Scott, Douglas Seymour, N. Shupe, D. L. Smith, A. J. Stevens, J. A. Symeonidis, M. Trichas, M. Tugwell, K. E. Valtchanov, I. Vigroux, L. Wang, L. Ward, R. Wright, G. Xu, C. K. Zemcov, M. TI Cold dust and young starbursts: spectral energy distributions of Herschel SPIRE sources from the HerMES survey SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; galaxies: starburst; galaxies: star formation; cosmology: observations; infrared: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODELS; INFRARED-EMISSION; INTERSTELLAR DUST; STAR-FORMATION; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; CIRRUS MODELS; CLUMPY TORI; SWIRE AB We present spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for 68 Herschel sources detected at 5 sigma at 250, 350 and 500 mu m in the HerMES SWIRE-Lockman field. We explore whether existing models for starbursts, quiescent star-forming galaxies and active galactic nucleus dust tori are able to model the full range of SEDs measured with Herschel. We find that while many galaxies (similar to 56 per cent) are well fitted with the templates used to fit IRAS, Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) and Spitzer sources, for about half the galaxies two new templates are required: quiescent ('cirrus') models with colder (10-20 K) dust and a young starburst model with higher optical depth than Arp 220. Predictions of submillimetre fluxes based on model fits to 4.5-24 mu m data agree rather poorly with the observed fluxes, but the agreement is better for fits to 4.5-70 mu m data. Herschel galaxies detected at 500 mu m tend to be those with the highest dust masses. C1 [Rowan-Robinson, M.; Babbedge, T.; Chanial, P.; Clements, D. L.; Fox, M.; Mortier, A. M. J.; O'Halloran, B.; Patel, H.; Rizzo, D.; Trichas, M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Roseboom, I. G.; Farrah, D.; Oliver, S. J.; Smith, A. J.; Wang, L.; Ward, R.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Vaccari, M.; Franceschini, A.; Mainetti, G.; Marchetti, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Amblard, A.; Cooray, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Arumugam, V.; Ivison, R. J.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Auld, R.; Dye, S.; Eales, S.; Gear, W.; Griffin, M.; Isaak, K.; Papageorgiou, A.; Pohlen, M.; Raymond, G.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Aussel, H.; Elbaz, D.; Madden, S.; Panuzzo, P.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA DSM Irfu, Lab AIM Paris Saclay,CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Blain, A.; Bock, J.; Cooray, A.; Dowell, C. D.; Levenson, L.; Lu, N.; Nguyen, H. T.; Schulz, B.; Shupe, D. L.; Xu, C. K.; Zemcov, M.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, J.; Dowell, C. D.; Levenson, L.; Nguyen, H. T.; Zemcov, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Boselli, A.; Buat, V.; Burgarella, D.] Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS, OAMP, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Brisbin, D.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Castro-Rodriguez, N.; Cava, A.; Perez Fournon, I.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. [Castro-Rodriguez, N.; Cava, A.; Perez Fournon, I.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain. [Conley, A.; Glenn, J.] Univ Colorado, CASA UCB 389, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Conversi, L.; Valtchanov, I.] European Space Astron Ctr, Herschel Sci Ctr, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Dwek, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Solares, E. A. Gonzalez] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Halpern, M.; Scott, Douglas] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Hatziminaoglou, E.] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Huang, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ibar, E.; Ivison, R. J.; Wright, G.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Lagache, G.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Lagache, G.] CNRS, UMR 8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Lu, N.; Schulz, B.; Shupe, D. L.; Xu, C. K.] CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Maffei, B.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Omont, A.; Vigroux, L.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Page, M. J.; Seymour, N.; Tugwell, K. E.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Pearson, C. P.; Rigopoulou, D.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Pearson, C. P.] Univ Lethbridge, Inst Space Imaging Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. [Rigopoulou, D.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Stevens, J. A.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Rowan-Robinson, M (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM m.rrobinson@imperial.ac.uk RI Dwek, Eli/C-3995-2012; amblard, alexandre/L-7694-2014; Ivison, R./G-4450-2011; Vaccari, Mattia/R-3431-2016; Cava, Antonio/C-5274-2017; OI amblard, alexandre/0000-0002-2212-5395; Dye, Simon/0000-0002-1318-8343; Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313; Vaccari, Mattia/0000-0002-6748-0577; Cava, Antonio/0000-0002-4821-1275; Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840; Marchetti, Lucia/0000-0003-3948-7621; Seymour, Nicholas/0000-0003-3506-5536 FU CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC (UK); NASA (USA); CNES (France); CNRS (France) FX SPIRE has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by Cardiff University (UK) and including University of Lethbridge (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, LAM(France); IFSI, University of Padua (Italy); IAC (Spain); Stockholm Observatory (Sweden); Imperial College London, RAL, UCL-MSSL, UKATC, University of Sussex (UK); Caltech, JPL, NHSC, University of Colorado (USA). This development has been supported by national funding agencies: CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC (UK) and NASA (USA). NR 43 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 409 IS 1 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17041.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 681CP UT WOS:000284285500001 ER PT J AU Magdis, GE Elbaz, D Hwang, HS Amblard, A Arumugam, V Aussel, H Blain, A Bock, J Boselli, A Buat, V Castro-Rodriguez, N Cava, A Chanial, P Clements, DL Conley, A Conversi, L Cooray, A Dowell, CD Dwek, E Eales, S Farrah, D Franceschini, A Glenn, J Griffin, M Halpern, M Hatziminaoglou, E Huang, J Ibar, E Isaak, K Le Floc'h, E Lagache, G Levenson, L Lonsdale, CJ Lu, N Madden, S Maffei, B Mainetti, G Marchetti, L Morrison, GE Nguyen, HT O'Halloran, B Oliver, SJ Omont, A Owen, FN Page, MJ Pannella, M Panuzzo, P Papageorgiou, A Pearson, CP Perez-Fournon, I Pohlen, M Rigopoulou, D Rizzo, D Roseboom, IG Rowan-Robinson, M Schulz, B Scott, D Seymour, N Shupe, DL Smith, AJ Stevens, JA Strazzullo, V Symeonidis, M Trichas, M Tugwell, KE Vaccari, M Valtchanov, I Vigroux, L Wang, L Wright, G Xu, CK Zemcov, M AF Magdis, G. E. Elbaz, D. Hwang, H. S. Amblard, A. Arumugam, V. Aussel, H. Blain, A. Bock, J. Boselli, A. Buat, V. Castro-Rodriguez, N. Cava, A. Chanial, P. Clements, D. L. Conley, A. Conversi, L. Cooray, A. Dowell, C. D. Dwek, E. Eales, S. Farrah, D. Franceschini, A. Glenn, J. Griffin, M. Halpern, M. Hatziminaoglou, E. Huang, J. Ibar, E. Isaak, K. Le Floc'h, E. Lagache, G. Levenson, L. Lonsdale, C. J. Lu, N. Madden, S. Maffei, B. Mainetti, G. Marchetti, L. Morrison, G. E. Nguyen, H. T. O'Halloran, B. Oliver, S. J. Omont, A. Owen, F. N. Page, M. J. Pannella, M. Panuzzo, P. Papageorgiou, A. Pearson, C. P. Perez-Fournon, I. Pohlen, M. Rigopoulou, D. Rizzo, D. Roseboom, I. G. Rowan-Robinson, M. Schulz, B. Scott, Douglas Seymour, N. Shupe, D. L. Smith, A. J. Stevens, J. A. Strazzullo, V. Symeonidis, M. Trichas, M. Tugwell, K. E. Vaccari, M. Valtchanov, I. Vigroux, L. Wang, L. Wright, G. Xu, C. K. Zemcov, M. TI Herschel reveals a T-dust-unbiased selection of z similar to 2 ultraluminous infrared galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: starburst; cosmology: observations; infrared: galaxies; submillimetre: galaxies ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT; LUMINOUS STARBURSTS; DISTANT GALAXIES; AGN ACTIVITY; POPULATION; COUNTS; CONSTRAINTS AB Using Herschel Photodetector Array Camera (PACS) and Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) observations of Lockman Hole-North and Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-North (GOODS-N) as part of the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES) project, we explore the far-infrared (IR) properties of a sample of mid-IR-selected starburst-dominated ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) at z similar to 2. The selection of the sample is based on the detection of the stellar bump that appears in the spectral energy distribution of star-forming galaxies at 1.6 mu m. We derive robust estimates of infrared luminosities (L-IR) and dust temperatures (T-d) of the population and find that while the luminosities in our sample span less than an order of magnitude (12.24 <= log(L-IR/L-circle dot) <= 12.94), they cover a wide range of dust temperatures (25 <= T-d <= 62 K). Galaxies in our sample range from those that are as cold as high-z submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) to those that are as warm as optically faint radio galaxies (OFRGs) and local ULIRGs. Nevertheless, our sample has median T-d = 42.3 K, filling the gap between SMGs and OFRGs, bridging the two populations. We demonstrate that a significant fraction of our sample would be missed from ground-based (sub) mm surveys (850-1200 mu m), showing that the latter introduce a bias towards the detection of colder sources. We conclude that Herschel observations confirm the existence of high-z ULIRGs warmer than SMGs, show that the mid-IR selection of high-z ULIRGs is not T-d dependent, reveal a large dispersion in T-d of high-z ULIRGs and provide the means to characterize the bulk of the ULIRG population, free from selection biases introduced by ground-based (sub) mm surveys. C1 [Magdis, G. E.; Elbaz, D.; Hwang, H. S.; Aussel, H.; Le Floc'h, E.; Madden, S.; Panuzzo, P.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA DSM Irfu, Lab AIM Paris Saclay,CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Amblard, A.; Cooray, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Arumugam, V.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Blain, A.; Bock, J.; Cooray, A.; Dowell, C. D.; Levenson, L.; Lu, N.; Nguyen, H. T.; Schulz, B.; Shupe, D. L.; Xu, C. K.; Zemcov, M.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, J.; Dowell, C. D.; Levenson, L.; Nguyen, H. T.; Zemcov, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Boselli, A.; Buat, V.] Univ Aix Marseille, OAMP, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Castro-Rodriguez, N.; Cava, A.; Perez-Fournon, I.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. [Castro-Rodriguez, N.; Cava, A.; Perez-Fournon, I.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain. [Chanial, P.; Clements, D. L.; O'Halloran, B.; Rizzo, D.; Rowan-Robinson, M.; Trichas, M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Conley, A.; Glenn, J.] Univ Colorado, CASA UCB 389, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Conversi, L.; Valtchanov, I.] European Space Astron Ctr, Herschel Sci Ctr, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Dwek, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Eales, S.; Griffin, M.; Isaak, K.; Papageorgiou, A.; Pohlen, M.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Farrah, D.; Oliver, S. J.; Roseboom, I. G.; Wang, L.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Franceschini, A.; Mainetti, G.; Marchetti, L.; Vaccari, M.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Halpern, M.; Scott, Douglas] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Hatziminaoglou, E.] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Huang, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ibar, E.; Wright, G.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Lagache, G.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Lagache, G.] CNRS, UMR 8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Lonsdale, C. J.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Lu, N.; Schulz, B.; Shupe, D. L.; Xu, C. K.] CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Maffei, B.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Morrison, G. E.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Morrison, G. E.] Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Omont, A.; Vigroux, L.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMr 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Owen, F. N.; Pannella, M.; Strazzullo, V.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Page, M. J.; Seymour, N.; Symeonidis, M.; Tugwell, K. E.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Pearson, C. P.; Rigopoulou, D.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Pearson, C. P.] Univ Lethbridge, Inst Space Imaging Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. [Rigopoulou, D.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Stevens, J. A.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Magdis, GE (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA DSM Irfu, Lab AIM Paris Saclay,CE Saclay, Pt Courrier 131, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM georgios.magdis@cea.fr RI Dwek, Eli/C-3995-2012; Magdis, Georgios/C-7295-2014; amblard, alexandre/L-7694-2014; Vaccari, Mattia/R-3431-2016; Cava, Antonio/C-5274-2017; OI Magdis, Georgios/0000-0002-4872-2294; amblard, alexandre/0000-0002-2212-5395; Vaccari, Mattia/0000-0002-6748-0577; Cava, Antonio/0000-0002-4821-1275; Marchetti, Lucia/0000-0003-3948-7621; Seymour, Nicholas/0000-0003-3506-5536 FU CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA (France); CNES (France); CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC (UK); NASA (USA) FX SPIRE has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by Cardiff University (UK) and including Univ. Lethbridge (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, LAM (France); IFSI, Univ. Padua (Italy); IAC (Spain); Stockholm Observatory (Sweden); Imperial College London, RAL, UCL-MSSL, UKATC, Univ. Sussex (UK) and Caltech, JPL, NHSC, Univ. Colorado (USA). This development has been supported by national funding agencies: CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC (UK) and NASA (USA). HIPE is a joint development by the Herschel Science Ground Segment Consortium, consisting of ESA, the NASA Herschel Science Center and the HIFI, PACS and SPIRE consortia. The data presented in this paper will be released through the Herschel Data base in Marseille, HeDaM (hedam.oamp.fr/HerMES). NR 44 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 409 IS 1 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17551.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 681CP UT WOS:000284285500003 ER PT J AU Roseboom, IG Oliver, SJ Kunz, M Altieri, B Amblard, A Arumugam, V Auld, R Aussel, H Babbedge, T Bethermin, M Blain, A Bock, J Boselli, A Brisbin, D Buat, V Burgarella, D Castro-Rodriguez, N Cava, A Chanial, P Chapin, E Clements, DL Conley, A Conversi, L Cooray, A Dowell, CD Dwek, E Dye, S Eales, S Elbaz, D Farrah, D Fox, M Franceschini, A Gear, W Glenn, J Solares, EAG Griffin, M Halpern, M Harwit, M Hatziminaoglou, E Huang, J Ibar, E Isaak, K Ivison, RJ Lagache, G Levenson, L Lu, N Madden, S Maffei, B Mainetti, G Marchetti, L Marsden, G Mortier, AMJ Nguyen, HT O'Halloran, B Omont, A Page, MJ Panuzzo, P Papageorgiou, A Patel, H Pearson, CP Perez-Fournon, I Pohlen, M Rawlings, JI Raymond, G Rigopoulou, D Rizzo, D Rowan-Robinson, M Portal, MS Schulz, B Scott, D Seymour, N Shupe, DL Smith, AJ Stevens, JA Symeonidis, M Trichas, M Tugwell, KE Vaccari, M Valtchanov, I Vieira, JD Vigroux, L Wang, L Ward, R Wright, G Xu, CK Zemcov, M AF Roseboom, I. G. Oliver, S. J. Kunz, M. Altieri, B. Amblard, A. Arumugam, V. Auld, R. Aussel, H. Babbedge, T. Bethermin, M. Blain, A. Bock, J. Boselli, A. Brisbin, D. Buat, V. Burgarella, D. Castro-Rodriguez, N. Cava, A. Chanial, P. Chapin, E. Clements, D. L. Conley, A. Conversi, L. Cooray, A. Dowell, C. D. Dwek, E. Dye, S. Eales, S. Elbaz, D. Farrah, D. Fox, M. Franceschini, A. Gear, W. Glenn, J. Solares, E. A. Gonzalez Griffin, M. Halpern, M. Harwit, M. Hatziminaoglou, E. Huang, J. Ibar, E. Isaak, K. Ivison, R. J. Lagache, G. Levenson, L. Lu, N. Madden, S. Maffei, B. Mainetti, G. Marchetti, L. Marsden, G. Mortier, A. M. J. Nguyen, H. T. O'Halloran, B. Omont, A. Page, M. J. Panuzzo, P. Papageorgiou, A. Patel, H. Pearson, C. P. Perez-Fournon, I. Pohlen, M. Rawlings, J. I. Raymond, G. Rigopoulou, D. Rizzo, D. Rowan-Robinson, M. Sanchez Portal, M. Schulz, B. Scott, Douglas Seymour, N. Shupe, D. L. Smith, A. J. Stevens, J. A. Symeonidis, M. Trichas, M. Tugwell, K. E. Vaccari, M. Valtchanov, I. Vieira, J. D. Vigroux, L. Wang, L. Ward, R. Wright, G. Xu, C. K. Zemcov, M. TI The Herschel Multi-Tiered Extragalactic Survey: source extraction and cross-identifications in confusion-dominated SPIRE images SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods: statistical; galaxies: statistics; infrared: galaxies ID STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; SCUBA SUPER-MAP; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; NUMBER COUNTS; SPITZER; BLAST; HALF; 1ST; REDSHIFTS; RADIO AB We present the cross-identification and source photometry techniques used to process Herschel SPIRE imaging taken as part of the Herschel Multi-Tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES). Cross-identifications are performed in map-space so as to minimize source-blending effects. We make use of a combination of linear inversion and model selection techniques to produce reliable cross-identification catalogues based on Spitzer MIPS 24-mu m source positions. Testing on simulations and real Herschel observations shows that this approach gives robust results for even the faintest sources (S-250 similar to 10 mJy). We apply our new technique to HerMES SPIRE observations taken as part of the science demonstration phase of Herschel. For our real SPIRE observations, we show that, for bright unconfused sources, our flux density estimates are in good agreement with those produced via more traditional point source detection methods (SUSSEXtractor) by Smith et al. When compared to the measured number density of sources in the SPIRE bands, we show that our method allows the recovery of a larger fraction of faint sources than these traditional methods. However, this completeness is heavily dependent on the relative depth of the existing 24-mu m catalogues and SPIRE imaging. Using our deepest multiwavelength data set in the GOODS-N, we estimate that the use of shallow 24-mu m catalogues in our other fields introduces an incompleteness at faint levels of between 20-40 per cent at 250 mu m. C1 [Roseboom, I. G.; Oliver, S. J.; Farrah, D.; Smith, A. J.; Wang, L.; Ward, R.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Kunz, M.] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Theor, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Altieri, B.; Conversi, L.; Sanchez Portal, M.; Valtchanov, I.] European Space Astron Ctr, Herschel Sci Ctr, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Amblard, A.; Cooray, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Arumugam, V.; Ivison, R. J.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Auld, R.; Dye, S.; Eales, S.; Gear, W.; Griffin, M.; Isaak, K.; Papageorgiou, A.; Pohlen, M.; Raymond, G.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Aussel, H.; Elbaz, D.; Madden, S.; Panuzzo, P.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA DSM Irfu, Lab AIM Paris Saclay,CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Babbedge, T.; Chanial, P.; Clements, D. L.; Fox, M.; Mortier, A. M. J.; O'Halloran, B.; Patel, H.; Rizzo, D.; Rowan-Robinson, M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Bethermin, M.; Lagache, G.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Bethermin, M.; Lagache, G.] CNRS, UMR 8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Blain, A.; Bock, J.; Cooray, A.; Dowell, C. D.; Levenson, L.; Lu, N.; Nguyen, H. T.; Schulz, B.; Shupe, D. L.; Vieira, J. D.; Xu, C. K.; Zemcov, M.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, J.; Dowell, C. D.; Levenson, L.; Nguyen, H. T.; Zemcov, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Boselli, A.; Buat, V.; Burgarella, D.] Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS, OAMP, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Brisbin, D.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Castro-Rodriguez, N.; Cava, A.; Perez-Fournon, I.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. [Castro-Rodriguez, N.; Cava, A.; Perez-Fournon, I.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain. [Chapin, E.; Halpern, M.; Marsden, G.; Scott, Douglas] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Conley, A.; Glenn, J.] Univ Colorado, CASA UCB 389, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dwek, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Franceschini, A.; Mainetti, G.; Marchetti, L.; Vaccari, M.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Solares, E. A. Gonzalez] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Hatziminaoglou, E.] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Huang, J.; Trichas, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ibar, E.; Ivison, R. J.; Wright, G.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Lu, N.; Schulz, B.; Shupe, D. L.; Xu, C. K.] CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Maffei, B.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Omont, A.; Vigroux, L.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Page, M. J.; Rawlings, J. I.; Seymour, N.; Symeonidis, M.; Tugwell, K. E.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Pearson, C. P.; Rigopoulou, D.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Pearson, C. P.] Univ Lethbridge, Inst Space Imaging Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. [Rigopoulou, D.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Stevens, J. A.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Roseboom, IG (reprint author), Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. EM i.g.roseboom@sussex.ac.uk RI Dwek, Eli/C-3995-2012; amblard, alexandre/L-7694-2014; Ivison, R./G-4450-2011; Vaccari, Mattia/R-3431-2016; Cava, Antonio/C-5274-2017; OI Altieri, Bruno/0000-0003-3936-0284; Dye, Simon/0000-0002-1318-8343; Bethermin, Matthieu/0000-0002-3915-2015; amblard, alexandre/0000-0002-2212-5395; Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313; Vaccari, Mattia/0000-0002-6748-0577; Cava, Antonio/0000-0002-4821-1275; Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840; Marchetti, Lucia/0000-0003-3948-7621; Seymour, Nicholas/0000-0003-3506-5536 FU Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/F002858/1]; Canadian Space Agency (CSA); NAOC in China; Centre National d'tudes Spatiales (CNES); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CEA in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) in Italy; Ministerio de Educacin y Ciencia (MEC) in Spain; Stockholm Observatory in Sweden; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) in the UK; NASA in the USA; ESA FX We thank the anonymous referee for many suggestions, which greatly enhanced the clarity of this paper. IGR and LW were supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (grant number ST/F002858/1).; The SPIRE Consortium includes participants from eight countries (Canada, China, France, Italy, Spain, Sweden, UK, USA). The following institutes have provided hardware and software elements to the instrument programme: Cardiff University, UK; Commissariat l'nergie Atomique (CEA), Saclay, France; CEA, Grenoble, France; Imperial College, London, UK; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain; Infrared Processing and Analysis Centre (IPAC), Pasadena, USA; Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI), Rome, Italy; University College London's Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), Surrey, UK; NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre (GSFC), Maryland, USA; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Caltech, Pasadena, USA; National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC), Beijing, China; Observatoire Astronomique de Marseille Provence (OAMP), France; Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Oxfordshire, UK; Stockholm Observatory, Sweden; UK Astronomy Technology Centre (UK ATC) Edinburgh; University of Colorado, USA; University of Lethbridge, Canada; University of Padua, Italy; and the University of Sussex, UK. Funding for SPIRE has been provided by the national agencies of the participating countries and by internal institute funding: the Canadian Space Agency (CSA); NAOC in China; Centre National d'tudes Spatiales (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and CEA in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) in Italy; Ministerio de Educacin y Ciencia (MEC) in Spain, Stockholm Observatory in Sweden; the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) in the UK; and NASA in the USA. Additional funding support for some instrument activities has been provided by ESA. NR 40 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 409 IS 1 BP 48 EP 65 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17634.x PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 681CP UT WOS:000284285500006 ER PT J AU Brisbin, D Harwit, M Altieri, B Amblard, A Arumugam, V Aussel, H Babbedge, T Blain, A Bock, J Boselli, A Buat, V Castro-Rodriguez, N Cava, A Chanial, P Clements, DL Conley, A Conversi, L Cooray, A Dowell, CD Dwek, E Eales, S Elbaz, D Fox, M Franceschini, A Gear, W Glenn, J Griffin, M Halpern, M Hatziminaoglou, E Ibar, E Isaak, K Ivison, RJ Lagache, G Levenson, L Lonsdale, CJ Lu, N Madden, S Maffei, B Mainetti, G Marchetti, L Morrison, GE Nguyen, HT O'Halloran, B Oliver, SJ Omont, A Owen, FN Pannella, M Panuzzo, P Papageorgiou, A Pearson, CP Perez-Fournon, I Pohlen, M Rizzo, D Roseboom, IG Rowan-Robinson, M Portal, MS Schulz, B Seymour, N Shupe, DL Smith, AJ Stevens, JA Strazzullo, V Symeonidis, M Trichas, M Tugwell, KE Vaccari, M Valtchanov, I Vigroux, L Wang, L Ward, R Wright, G Xu, CK Zemcov, M AF Brisbin, D. Harwit, M. Altieri, B. Amblard, A. Arumugam, V. Aussel, H. Babbedge, T. Blain, A. Bock, J. Boselli, A. Buat, V. Castro-Rodriguez, N. Cava, A. Chanial, P. Clements, D. L. Conley, A. Conversi, L. Cooray, A. Dowell, C. D. Dwek, E. Eales, S. Elbaz, D. Fox, M. Franceschini, A. Gear, W. Glenn, J. Griffin, M. Halpern, M. Hatziminaoglou, E. Ibar, E. Isaak, K. Ivison, R. J. Lagache, G. Levenson, L. Lonsdale, Carol J. Lu, N. Madden, S. Maffei, B. Mainetti, G. Marchetti, L. Morrison, G. E. Nguyen, H. T. O'Halloran, B. Oliver, S. J. Omont, A. Owen, F. N. Pannella, M. Panuzzo, P. Papageorgiou, A. Pearson, C. P. Perez-Fournon, I. Pohlen, M. Rizzo, D. Roseboom, I. G. Rowan-Robinson, M. Sanchez Portal, M. Schulz, B. Seymour, N. Shupe, D. L. Smith, A. J. Stevens, J. A. Strazzullo, V. Symeonidis, M. Trichas, M. Tugwell, K. E. Vaccari, M. Valtchanov, I. Vigroux, L. Wang, L. Ward, R. Wright, G. Xu, C. K. Zemcov, M. TI The Deep SPIRE HerMES Survey: spectral energy distributions and their astrophysical indications at high redshift SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: starburst; galaxies: star formation; infrared: galaxies ID STAR-FORMATION; GALAXIES; FIELD; AGN; I. AB The Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver on-board Herschel has been carrying out deep extragalactic surveys, one of the aims of which is to establish spectral energy distributions of individual galaxies spanning the infrared/submillimetre (IR/SMM) wavelength region. We report observations of the IR/SMM emission from the Lockman North field and Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey Field-North. Because galaxy images in the wavelength range covered by Herschel generally represent a blend with contributions from neighbouring galaxies, we present sets of galaxies in each field, especially free of blending at 250, 350 and 500 mu m. We identify the cumulative emission of these galaxies and the fraction of the FIR cosmic background radiation they contribute. Our surveys reveal a number of highly luminous galaxies at redshift z less than or similar to 3 and a novel relationship between IR and visible emission that shows a dependence on luminosity and redshift. C1 [Brisbin, D.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Harwit, M.] Cornell Univ, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Altieri, B.; Conversi, L.; Sanchez Portal, M.; Valtchanov, I.] European Space Astron Ctr, Herschel Sci Ctr, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Amblard, A.; Cooray, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Arumugam, V.; Ivison, R. J.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Aussel, H.; Chanial, P.; Elbaz, D.; Madden, S.; Panuzzo, P.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA DSM Irfu, Lab AIM Paris Saclay,CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Babbedge, T.; Clements, D. L.; Fox, M.; O'Halloran, B.; Rizzo, D.; Rowan-Robinson, M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Blain, A.; Bock, J.; Cooray, A.; Dowell, C. D.; Levenson, L.; Lu, N.; Nguyen, H. T.; Schulz, B.; Shupe, D. L.; Xu, C. K.; Zemcov, M.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, J.; Dowell, C. D.; Levenson, L.; Nguyen, H. T.; Zemcov, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Boselli, A.; Buat, V.] Univ Aix Marseille, OAMP, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Castro-Rodriguez, N.; Cava, A.; Perez-Fournon, I.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. [Castro-Rodriguez, N.; Cava, A.; Perez-Fournon, I.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain. [Conley, A.; Glenn, J.] Univ Colorado, CASA UCB 389, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dwek, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Eales, S.; Gear, W.; Griffin, M.; Isaak, K.; Papageorgiou, A.; Pohlen, M.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Franceschini, A.; Mainetti, G.; Marchetti, L.; Vaccari, M.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Halpern, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Hatziminaoglou, E.] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ibar, E.; Ivison, R. J.; Wright, G.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Lagache, G.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Lagache, G.] CNRS, UMR 8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Lonsdale, Carol J.; Owen, F. N.; Pannella, M.; Strazzullo, V.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Lu, N.; Schulz, B.; Shupe, D. L.; Xu, C. K.] CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Maffei, B.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Morrison, G. E.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Morrison, G. E.] Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Oliver, S. J.; Roseboom, I. G.; Smith, A. J.; Wang, L.; Ward, R.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Omont, A.; Vigroux, L.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7095, Lab Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Pearson, C. P.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Pearson, C. P.] Univ Lethbridge, Inst Space Imaging Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. [Seymour, N.; Symeonidis, M.; Tugwell, K. E.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Stevens, J. A.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Trichas, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Brisbin, D (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM brisbind@astro.cornell.edu RI amblard, alexandre/L-7694-2014; Ivison, R./G-4450-2011; Vaccari, Mattia/R-3431-2016; Cava, Antonio/C-5274-2017; Dwek, Eli/C-3995-2012 OI amblard, alexandre/0000-0002-2212-5395; Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313; Vaccari, Mattia/0000-0002-6748-0577; Cava, Antonio/0000-0002-4821-1275; Marchetti, Lucia/0000-0003-3948-7621; Seymour, Nicholas/0000-0003-3506-5536; Altieri, Bruno/0000-0003-3936-0284; FU NASA; CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA (France); CNES (France); CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC (UK); NASA (USA) FX This work is based in part on observations made with Herschel, a European Space Agency Cornerstone Mission with significant participation by the NASA. Support for this work was provided by the NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech.; The SPIRE has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by Cardiff University (UK) and including Univ. Lethbridge (Canada); NAOC(China); CEA, OAMP(France); IFSI, Univ. Padua (Italy); IAC (Spain); Stockholm Observatory (Sweden); Imperial College London, RAL, UCL-MSSL, UKATC, Univ. Sussex (UK); and Caltech/JPL, IPAC, Univ. Colorado (USA). This development has been supported by national funding agencies: CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC (UK); and NASA (USA). NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 409 IS 1 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17643.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 681CP UT WOS:000284285500007 ER PT J AU Bressert, E Bastian, N Gutermuth, R Megeath, ST Allen, L Evans, NJ Rebull, LM Hatchell, J Johnstone, D Bourke, TL Cieza, LA Harvey, PM Merin, B Ray, TP Tothill, NFH AF Bressert, E. Bastian, N. Gutermuth, R. Megeath, S. T. Allen, L. Evans, Neal J., II Rebull, L. M. Hatchell, J. Johnstone, D. Bourke, T. L. Cieza, L. A. Harvey, P. M. Merin, B. Ray, T. P. Tothill, N. F. H. TI The spatial distribution of star formation in the solar neighbourhood: do all stars form in dense clusters? SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars: formation; stars: protostars; open clusters and associations: general; infrared: stars ID YOUNG STELLAR POPULATION; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; SPITZER OBSERVATIONS; FORMATION RATES; KILOPARSEC; EVOLUTION; OPHIUCHUS; PERSEUS; OBJECTS AB We present a global study of low-mass, young stellar object (YSO) surface densities (Sigma) in nearby (< 500 pc) star-forming regions based on a comprehensive collection of Spitzer Space Telescope surveys. We show that the distribution of YSO surface densities in the solar neighbourhood is a smooth distribution, being adequately described by a lognormal function from a few to 10(3) YSOs pc(-2), with a peak at similar to 22 stars pc(-2) and a dispersion of sigma(log10) (Sigma) similar to 0.85. We do not find evidence for multiple discrete modes of star formation (e. g. clustered and distributed). Comparing the observed surface density distribution to previously reported surface density threshold definitions of clusters, we find that the fraction of stars in clusters is crucially dependent on the adopted definitions, ranging from 40 to 90 per cent. However, we find that only a low fraction (< 26 per cent) of stars are formed in dense environments where their formation/evolution (along with their circumstellar discs and/or planets) may be affected by the close proximity of their low-mass neighbours. C1 [Bressert, E.; Bastian, N.; Tothill, N. F. H.] Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Bressert, E.; Bourke, T. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bastian, N.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Gutermuth, R.] Univ Massachusetts, Smith Coll, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. [Megeath, S. T.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Allen, L.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Evans, Neal J., II; Harvey, P. M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Univ Stn C1400 1, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Rebull, L. M.] Spitzer Sci Ctr Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Johnstone, D.] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Johnstone, D.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8P 1A1, Canada. [Cieza, L. A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Merin, B.] ESA, Herschel Sci Ctr, Villanueva De La Canada 28691, Madrid, Spain. [Ray, T. P.] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Sch Cosm Phys, Dublin, Ireland. [Tothill, N. F. H.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Bressert, E (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Stocker Rd, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. EM eli@astro.ex.ac.uk RI Tothill, Nicholas/M-6379-2016; OI Tothill, Nicholas/0000-0002-9931-5162; Bressert, Eli/0000-0002-6564-6182; Rebull, Luisa/0000-0001-6381-515X; Merin, Bruno/0000-0002-8555-3012 FU STFC; Science Foundation Ireland [07/RFP/PHYF790]; NASA [1224608, 1288664, 1407]; NSF [AST-0607793] FX We would like to thank Mark Gieles, Michael Meyer, August Muench, Dawn Peterson, Thomas Robitaille and Scott Schnee for their thoughtful feedback on the research. EB gratefully thanks the Royal Astronomical Society for their generous travel support. NB is supported by an STFC advanced fellowship. TPR would like to thank Science Foundation Ireland for support under grant 07/RFP/PHYF790. Support for this work, part of the Spitzer Legacy Science Program, was provided by NASA through contract 1224608 and 1288664 issued by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under NASA contract 1407. NJE acknowledges support by NSF Grant AST-0607793. NR 34 TC 139 Z9 139 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 409 IS 1 BP L54 EP L58 DI 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2010.00946.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 754DC UT WOS:000289831700011 ER PT J AU Ferreras, I Saha, P Leier, D Courbin, F Falco, EE AF Ferreras, Ignacio Saha, Prasenjit Leier, Dominik Courbin, Frederic Falco, Emilio E. TI Constraining the low-mass end of the initial mass function with gravitational lensing SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing: strong; stars: luminosity function, mass function; galaxies: individual: 2237+0305; galaxies: stellar content ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; STELLAR POPULATION SYNTHESIS; HIGH-SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION; TO-LIGHT RATIOS; DARK-MATTER; STAR-FORMATION; EVOLUTION; DEGENERACIES; ESTIMATOR; MODELS AB The low-mass end of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) is constrained by focusing on the baryon-dominated central regions of strong lensing galaxies. We study in this Letter the Einstein Cross (Q2237+0305), a z = 0.04 barred galaxy whose bulge acts as lens on a background quasar. The positions of the four quasar images constrain the surface mass density on the lens plane, whereas the surface brightness (H-band HST/NICMOS imaging) along with deep spectroscopy of the lens (VLT/FORS1) allows us to constrain the stellar mass content, for a range of IMFs. We find that a classical single power law (Salpeter IMF) predicts more stellar mass than the observed lensing estimates. This result is confirmed at the 99 per cent confidence level, and is robust to systematic effects due to the choice of population synthesis models, the presence of dust or the complex disc/bulge population mix. Our non-parametric methodology is more robust than kinematic estimates, as we do not need to make any assumptions about the dynamical state of the galaxy or its decomposition into bulge and disc. Over a range of low-mass power-law slopes (with Salpeter being Gamma = +1.35) we find that at a 90 per cent confidence level, slopes Gamma > 0 are ruled out. C1 [Ferreras, Ignacio] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Saha, Prasenjit] Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Leier, Dominik] Univ Heidelberg, Zentrum Astron, Astron Rechen Inst, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Courbin, Frederic] EPFL, Observ Sauverny, Astrophys Lab, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Falco, Emilio E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ferreras, I (reprint author), Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM ferreras@star.ucl.ac.uk OI Ferreras, Ignacio/0000-0003-4584-3127 FU SNSF (Switzerland) FX FC is partially supported by the SNSF (Switzerland). NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 409 IS 1 BP L30 EP L34 DI 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2010.00941.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 754DC UT WOS:000289831700006 ER PT J AU Kipping, DM AF Kipping, David M. TI How to weigh a star using a moon SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods: analytical; eclipses; planets and satellites: general ID ACCURATE MASSES; PLANETS; EXOMOONS; DENSITY; MODELS; RADII; CURVE AB We show that for a transiting exoplanet accompanied by a moon which also transits, the absolute masses and radii of the star, planet and moon are determinable. For a planet-star system, it is well known that the density of the star is calculable from the light curve by manipulation of Kepler's Third Law. In an analogous way, the planetary density is calculable for a planet-moon system which transits a star, and thus the ratio-of-densities is known. By combining this ratio with the observed ratio-of-radii and the radial velocity measurements of the system, we show that the absolute dimensions of the star and planet are determinable. This means such systems could be used as calibrators of stellar evolution. The detection of dynamical effects, such as transit timing variations, allows the absolute mass of the moon to be determined as well, which may be combined with the radius to infer the satellite's composition. C1 [Kipping, David M.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Kipping, David M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kipping, DM (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM d.kipping@ucl.ac.uk FU UCL; Science Technology and Facilities Council (STFC); SAO FX DMK has been supported by UCL, the Science Technology and Facilities Council (STFC) studentships and the SAO pre-doctoral fellowships. Thanks to J. Irwin and the anonymous reviewer for useful comments. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 409 IS 1 BP L119 EP L123 DI 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2010.00961.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 754DC UT WOS:000289831700024 ER PT J AU Rigopoulou, D Magdis, G Ivison, RJ Amblard, A Arumugam, V Aussel, H Blain, A Bock, J Boselli, A Buat, V Burgarella, D Castro-Rodriguez, N Cava, A Chanial, P Clements, DL Conley, A Conversi, L Cooray, A Dowell, CD Dwek, E Eales, S Elbaz, D Farrah, D Franceschini, A Glenn, J Griffin, M Halpern, M Hatziminaoglou, E Huang, JS Ibar, E Isaak, K Lagache, G Levenson, L Lu, N Madden, S Maffei, B Mainetti, G Marchetti, L Nguyen, HT O'Halloran, B Oliver, SJ Omont, A Page, MJ Panuzzo, P Papageorgiou, A Pearson, CP Perez-Fournon, I Pohlen, M Rizzo, D Roseboom, IG Rowan-Robinson, M Schulz, B Scott, D Seymour, N Shupe, DL Smith, AJ Stevens, JA Symeonidis, M Trichas, M Tugwell, KE Vaccari, M Valtchanov, I Vigroux, L Wang, L Wright, G Xu, CK Zemcov, M AF Rigopoulou, D. Magdis, G. Ivison, R. J. Amblard, A. Arumugam, V. Aussel, H. Blain, A. Bock, J. Boselli, A. Buat, V. Burgarella, D. Castro-Rodriguez, N. Cava, A. Chanial, P. Clements, D. L. Conley, A. Conversi, L. Cooray, A. Dowell, C. D. Dwek, E. Eales, S. Elbaz, D. Farrah, D. Franceschini, A. Glenn, J. Griffin, M. Halpern, M. Hatziminaoglou, E. Huang, J. -S. Ibar, E. Isaak, K. Lagache, G. Levenson, L. Lu, N. Madden, S. Maffei, B. Mainetti, G. Marchetti, L. Nguyen, H. T. O'Halloran, B. Oliver, S. J. Omont, A. Page, M. J. Panuzzo, P. Papageorgiou, A. Pearson, C. P. Perez-Fournon, I. Pohlen, M. Rizzo, D. Roseboom, I. G. Rowan-Robinson, M. Schulz, B. Scott, Douglas Seymour, N. Shupe, D. L. Smith, A. J. Stevens, J. A. Symeonidis, M. Trichas, M. Tugwell, K. E. Vaccari, M. Valtchanov, I. Vigroux, L. Wang, L. Wright, G. Xu, C. K. Zemcov, M. TI HerMES: Herschel-SPIRE observations of Lyman break galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: starburst; submillimetre: galaxies ID NEAR-INFRARED PROPERTIES; HUBBLE-DEEP-FIELD; STAR-FORMATION; HIGH-REDSHIFT; DUST; LUMINOSITY; UV; DISTRIBUTIONS; ULTRAVIOLET; POPULATION AB We present first results of a study of the submillimetre (submm) (rest-frame far-infrared) properties of z similar to 3 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) and their lower redshift counterparts BX/BM galaxies, based on Herschel-SPIRE observations of the Northern field of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS-N). We use stacking analysis to determine the properties of LBGs well below the current limit of the survey. Although LBGs are not detected individually, stacking the infrared luminous LBGs (those detected with Spitzer at 24 mu m) yields a statistically significant submm detection with mean flux < S-250 > = 5.9 +/- 1.4 mJy confirming the power of SPIRE in detecting UV-selected high-redshift galaxies at submm wavelengths. In comparison, the Spitzer 24 mu m detected BX/BM galaxies appear fainter with a stacked value of < S-250 > = 2.7 +/- 0.8 mJy. By fitting the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) we derive median infrared luminosities, L-IR, of 2.8 x 10(12) L-circle dot and 1.5 x 10(11) L-circle dot for z similar to 3 LBGs and BX/BMs, respectively. We find that L-IR estimates derived from present measurements are in good agreement with those based on UV data for z similar to 2 BX/BM galaxies, unlike the case for z similar to 3 infrared luminous LBGs where the UV underestimates the true L-IR. Although sample selection effects may influence this result we suggest that differences in physical properties (such as morphologies, dust distribution and extent of star-forming regions) between z similar to 3 LBGs and z similar to 2 BX/BMs may also play a significant role. C1 [Rigopoulou, D.; Pearson, C. P.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Rigopoulou, D.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Magdis, G.; Aussel, H.; Elbaz, D.; Madden, S.; Panuzzo, P.] Univ Paris Diderot, CE Saclay, CNRS, CEA DSM Irfu,Lab AIM Paris Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Ivison, R. J.; Ibar, E.; Wright, G.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Ivison, R. J.; Arumugam, V.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Amblard, A.; Cooray, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Blain, A.; Bock, J.; Cooray, A.; Dowell, C. D.; Levenson, L.; Lu, N.; Nguyen, H. T.; Schulz, B.; Shupe, D. L.; Xu, C. K.; Zemcov, M.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, J.; Dowell, C. D.; Levenson, L.; Nguyen, H. T.; Zemcov, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Boselli, A.; Buat, V.; Burgarella, D.] Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS, OAMP, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Castro-Rodriguez, N.; Cava, A.; Perez-Fournon, I.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain. [Castro-Rodriguez, N.; Cava, A.; Perez-Fournon, I.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain. [Chanial, P.; Clements, D. L.; O'Halloran, B.; Rizzo, D.; Rowan-Robinson, M.; Trichas, M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Conley, A.; Glenn, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Conversi, L.; Valtchanov, I.] European Space Astron Ctr, Herschel Sci Ctr, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Dwek, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Eales, S.; Griffin, M.; Isaak, K.; Papageorgiou, A.; Pohlen, M.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Farrah, D.; Oliver, S. J.; Roseboom, I. G.; Smith, A. J.; Wang, L.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Franceschini, A.; Mainetti, G.; Marchetti, L.; Vaccari, M.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Halpern, M.; Scott, Douglas] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Hatziminaoglou, E.] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Huang, J. -S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lagache, G.] Univ Paris 11, IAS, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Lagache, G.] CNRS, UMR 8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Lu, N.; Schulz, B.; Shupe, D. L.; Xu, C. K.] CALTECH, JPL, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Maffei, B.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Omont, A.; Vigroux, L.] Univ Paris 06, UPMC, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris,UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Page, M. J.; Seymour, N.; Symeonidis, M.; Tugwell, K. E.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Pearson, C. P.] Univ Lethbridge, Inst Space Imaging Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. [Stevens, J. A.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Rigopoulou, D (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM d.rigopoulou1@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Dwek, Eli/C-3995-2012; Magdis, Georgios/C-7295-2014; amblard, alexandre/L-7694-2014; Ivison, R./G-4450-2011; Vaccari, Mattia/R-3431-2016; Cava, Antonio/C-5274-2017; OI Magdis, Georgios/0000-0002-4872-2294; amblard, alexandre/0000-0002-2212-5395; Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313; Vaccari, Mattia/0000-0002-6748-0577; Cava, Antonio/0000-0002-4821-1275; Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840; Marchetti, Lucia/0000-0003-3948-7621; Seymour, Nicholas/0000-0003-3506-5536 FU CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC (UK); NASA (USA); CEA (France); CNES (France); CNRS (France) FX SPIRE has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by Cardiff University (UK) and including University of Lethbridge (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, LAM(France); IFSI, University of Padua (Italy); IAC (Spain); Stockholm Observatory (Sweden); Imperial College London, RAL, UCL-MSSL, UKATC, University of Sussex (UK); Caltech, JPL, NHSC, University of Colorado (USA). This development has been supported by national funding agencies: CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC (UK) and NASA (USA). The data presented in this Letter will be released through the Herschel data base in Marseille HeDaM (hedam.oamp.fr/HerMES). NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 409 IS 1 BP L7 EP L12 DI 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2010.00950.x PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 754DC UT WOS:000289831700002 ER PT J AU Heng, K Kenyon, SJ AF Heng, Kevin Kenyon, Scott J. TI Vortices as nurseries for planetesimal formation in protoplanetary discs SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; planets and satellites: formation; protoplanetary discs ID ACCRETION DISKS; SOLAR NEBULA; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; GIANT PLANETS; GRAVITATIONAL-INSTABILITY; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; FORMING PLANETESIMALS; STREAMING INSTABILITY; SOLID BODIES; DUST AB Turbulent, two-dimensional, hydrodynamic flows are characterized by the emergence of coherent, long-lived vortices without a need to invoke special initial conditions. Vortices have the ability to sequester particles, with typical radii similar to 1 mm to similar to 10 cm, that are slightly decoupled from the gas. A generic feature of discs with surface density and effective temperature profiles that are decreasing, power-law functions of radial distance is that four vortex zones exist for a fixed particle size. In particular, two of the zones form an annulus at intermediate radial distances within which small particles reside. Particle capture by vortices occurs on a dynamical time-scale near and at the boundaries of this annulus. As the disc ages and the particles grow via coagulation, the size of the annulus shrinks. Older discs prefer to capture smaller particles because the gas surface density decreases with time, a phenomenon we term 'vortex ageing'. More viscous, more dust-opaque and/or less massive discs can have vortices that age faster and trap a broader range of particle sizes throughout the lifetime of the disc. Thus, how efficiently a disc retains its mass in solids depends on the relative time-scales between coagulation and vortex ageing. If vortices form in protoplanetary discs, they are important in discs with typical masses and for particles that are likely to condense out of the protostellar nebula. Particle capture also occurs at distances relevant to planet formation. Future infrared, submillimetre and centimetre observations of grain opacity as a function of radial distance will test the hypothesis that vortices serve as nurseries for particle growth in protoplanetary discs. C1 [Heng, Kevin] Princeton Univ Sch Nat Sci, Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Heng, Kevin] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Kenyon, Scott J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Heng, K (reprint author), Princeton Univ Sch Nat Sci, Inst Adv Study, Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM heng@ias.edu OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X; Heng, Kevin/0000-0003-1907-5910 FU Institute for Advanced Study, NASA [NNX08AH83G]; NSF [AST-0807444]; NASA [NNX10AF35G] FX KH acknowledges support from the Frank & Peggy Taplin Membership of the Institute for Advanced Study, NASA grant NNX08AH83G and NSF grant AST-0807444. SJK acknowledges support from the NASA Astrophysics Theory Program, grant NNX10AF35G. We acknowledge useful discussions with Phil Armitage, Francesco Miniati, Mikhail Medvedev, Jim Stone, Jeffrey Weiss, Michael Meyer and Omar Blaes. Improvements to the manuscript were made following reads by Anders Johansen, Andrew Youdin, John Chambers and Kevin France. KH is especially grateful to Anders Johansen for several delightful conversations. A useful report by an anonymous referee further improved the clarity of the manuscript. NR 70 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 3 BP 1476 EP 1493 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17208.x PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 667AS UT WOS:000283165600012 ER PT J AU Simpson, EK Baliunas, SL Henry, GW Watson, CA AF Simpson, E. K. Baliunas, S. L. Henry, G. W. Watson, C. A. TI Rotation periods of exoplanet host stars SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE techniques: photometric; techniques: spectroscopic; stars: activity; planetary systems; stars: rotation ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; EXTRASOLAR PLANETARY SYSTEM; SUN-LIKE STARS; DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; COOL STARS; CHROMOSPHERIC ACTIVITY; MASS COMPANION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR PLANETS; GIANT PLANETS AB The stellar rotation periods of 10 exoplanet host stars have been determined using newly analysed Ca ii H&K flux records from the Mount Wilson Observatory and Stromgren b, y photometric measurements from Tennessee State University's automatic photometric telescopes at the Fairborn Observatory. Five of the rotation periods have not previously been reported, with that of HD 130322 very strongly detected at P-rot = 26.1 +/- 3.5 d. The rotation periods of five other stars have been updated using new data. We use the rotation periods to derive the line-of-sight inclinations of the stellar rotation axes, which may be used to probe theories of planet formation and evolution when combined with the planetary orbital inclination found from other methods. Finally, we estimate the masses of 14 exoplanets under the assumption that the stellar rotation axis is aligned with the orbital axis. We calculate the mass of HD 92788 b (28 M-J) to be within the low-mass brown dwarf regime and suggest that this object warrants further investigation to confirm its true nature. C1 [Simpson, E. K.; Baliunas, S. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Simpson, E. K.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Simpson, E. K.; Watson, C. A.] Queens Univ, Sch Math & Phys, Astrophys Res Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Henry, G. W.] Tennessee State Univ, Ctr Excellence Informat Syst, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. RP Simpson, EK (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM esimpson05@qub.ac.uk FU NASA; NSF; Tennessee State University; State of Tennessee FX We acknowledge support from NASA, NSF, Tennessee State University, and the State of Tennessee through its Centers of Excellence programme. We are indebted to past and present members of the HK Project, without whom the long-term Ca II H&K database would not exist. EKS would like to thank the University of Southampton and CfA for the opportunity to take part in the exchange programme which led to this publication. NR 66 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 3 BP 1666 EP 1679 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17230.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 667AS UT WOS:000283165600027 ER PT J AU Kipping, DM AF Kipping, David M. TI Binning is sinning: morphological light-curve distortions due to finite integration time SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE techniques: photometric; occultations; planets and satellites: general; planetary systems ID EXTRASOLAR PLANET; EXOPLANET; PARAMETERS; TRANSITS; EMISSION; EXOMOON; ORBIT; STAR AB We explore how finite integration times or equivalently temporal binning induces morphological distortions to the transit light curve. These distortions, if uncorrected for, lead to the retrieval of erroneous system parameters and may even lead to some planetary candidates being rejected as ostensibly unphysical. We provide analytic expressions for estimating the disturbance to the various light-curve parameters as a function of the integration time. These effects are particularly crucial in light of the long-cadence photometry often used for discovering new exoplanets by, for example, Convection Rotation and Planetary Transits (CoRoT) and the Kepler Missions (8.5 and 30 min). One of the dominant effects of long integration times is a systematic underestimation of the light-curve-derived stellar density, which has significant ramifications for transit surveys. We present a discussion of numerical integration techniques to compensate for the effects and produce expressions to quickly estimate the errors of such methods, as a function of integration time and numerical resolution. This allows for an economic choice of resolution before attempting fits of long-cadence light-curves. We provide a comparison of the short- and long-cadence light curves of TrES-2b and show that the retrieved transit parameters are consistent using the techniques discussed here. C1 [Kipping, David M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02144 USA. [Kipping, David M.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Kipping, DM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02144 USA. EM dkipping@cfa.harvard.edu FU STFC; University College London; HATNet; Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics FX Author thank the referee Ron Gilliland for suggesting the comparison of the SC and LC data of TrES-2b, and other useful comments. DMK is supported by STFC, University College London, HATNet and the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. Special thanks to Gaspar Bakos for technical discussions on this subject. Thanks to G. Tinetti, J. P. Beaulieu, M. Swain, I. Waldmann and P. Deroo for useful comments in preparing this manuscript. NR 28 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 3 BP 1758 EP 1769 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17242.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 667AS UT WOS:000283165600035 ER PT J AU Ratti, EM Bassa, CG Torres, MAP Kuiper, L Miller-Jones, JCA Jonker, PG AF Ratti, E. M. Bassa, C. G. Torres, M. A. P. Kuiper, L. Miller-Jones, J. C. A. Jonker, P. G. TI Chandra localization and optical/near-infrared follow-up of Galactic X-ray sources SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries: eclipsing; binaries: symbiotic; infrared: stars; X-rays: binaries ID IBIS/ISGRI SURVEY SOURCES; BRIGHT SOURCE CATALOG; NEUTRON-STAR; IGR J16479-4514; SKY SURVEY; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; INTEGRAL OBSERVATIONS; FIND COUNTERPARTS; TRANSIENT SOURCES AB We investigate a sample of 11 Galactic X-ray sources recently discovered with INTEGRAL or RXTE with the goal of identifying their optical and/or near-infrared (NIR) counterpart. For this purpose, new Chandra positions of nine objects are presented together with follow-up observations of all the targets in the optical and NIR. For the four sources IGR J16194-2810, IGR J16479-4514, IGR J16500-3307 and IGR J19308+0530, the Chandra position confirms an existing association with an optical/NIR object, while for two sources, XTE J1716-389 and IGR J18490-0000, it rules out previously proposed counterparts indicating new ones. In the case of IGR J17597-220, a counterpart is selected out of the several possibilities proposed in the literature, and we present the first association with an optical/NIR source for IGR J16293-4603 and XTE J1743-363. Moreover, optical/NIR observations are reported for XTE J1710-281 and IGR J17254-3257; we investigate the counterpart to the X-ray sources based on their XMM-Newton positions. We discuss the nature of each system considering its optical/NIR and X-ray properties. C1 [Ratti, E. M.; Kuiper, L.; Jonker, P. G.] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Bassa, C. G.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Torres, M. A. P.; Jonker, P. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Miller-Jones, J. C. A.] NRAO Headquarters, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Jonker, P. G.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Ratti, EM (reprint author), SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM e.m.ratti@sron.nl RI Miller-Jones, James/B-2411-2013 OI Miller-Jones, James/0000-0003-3124-2814 FU Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research FX EMR and PGJ acknowledge support from a VIDI grant from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research. NR 84 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 3 BP 1866 EP 1878 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17252.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 667AS UT WOS:000283165600045 ER PT J AU Rojas, EI Rehner, SA Samuels, GJ Van Bael, SA Herre, EA Cannon, P Chen, R Pang, JF Wang, RW Zhang, YP Peng, YQ Sha, T AF Rojas, Enith I. Rehner, Stephen A. Samuels, Gary J. Van Bael, Sunshine A. Herre, Edward A. Cannon, Paul Chen, Rui Pang, Junfeng Wang, Ruiwu Zhang, Yaping Peng, Yan-Qiong Sha, Tao TI Colletotrichum gloeosporioides s.l. associated with Theobroma cacao and other plants in Panama: multilocus phylogenies distinguish host-associated pathogens from asymptomatic endophytes SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE anthracnose; China; endophyte; multilocus; Panama; pathogen ID SPORED GRAMINICOLOUS COLLETOTRICHUM; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; FOLIAR FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; IWOKRAMA-FOREST-RESERVE; DIVERSITY; INFERENCE; TREE; COMPATIBILITY; ANTHRACNOSE; COMMUNITIES AB Colletotrichum interacts with numerous plant species overtly as symptomatic pathogens and cryptically as asymptomatic endophytes. It is not known whether these contrasting ecological modes are optional strategies expressed by individual Colletotrichum species or whether a species' ecology is explicitly pathogenic or endophytic. We explored this question by inferring relationships among 77 C. gloeosporioides s.l. strains isolated from asymptomatic leaves and from anthracnose lesions on leaves and fruits of Theobroma cacao (cacao) and other plants from Panama. ITS and 5'-tef1 were used to assess diversity and to delineate operational taxonomic units for multilocus phylogenetic analysis. The ITS and 5'-tef1 screens concordantly resolved four strongly supported lineages, clades A-D: Clade A includes the ex type of C. gloeosporioides, clade B includes the ex type ITS sequence of C. boninense, and clacks C and D are unidentified. The ITS yielded limited resolution and support within all clades, in particular the C. gloeosporioides clade (A), the focal lineage dealt with in this study. In contrast the 5'-tef1 screen differentiated nine distinctive haplotype subgroups within the C. gloeosporioides clade that were concordant with phylogenetic terminals resolved in a five-locus nuclear phylogeny. Among these were two phylogenetic species associated with symptomatic infections specific to either cacao or mango and five phylogenetic species isolated principally as asymptomatic infections from cacao and other plant hosts. We formally describe two new species, C. tropicale and C. ignotum, that are frequent asymptomatic associates of cacao and other Neotropical plant species, and epitypify C. theobromicola, which is associated with foliar and fruit anthracnose lesions of cacao. Asymptomatic Colletotrichum strains isolated from cacao plants grown in China included six distinct C. gloeosporioides clade taxa, only one of which is known to occur in the Neotropics. C1 [Rojas, Enith I.; Rehner, Stephen A.; Samuels, Gary J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Van Bael, Sunshine A.; Herre, Edward A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Cannon, Paul] Royal Bot Gardens, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England. [Cannon, Paul] CABI, Egham TW20 9TY, Surrey, England. [Chen, Rui; Pang, Junfeng; Wang, Ruiwu; Zhang, Yaping] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Labs, Kunming Inst Zool, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Peng, Yan-Qiong] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Trop Forest Ecol, Xinshiabanna Trop Bot Garden, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Sha, Tao] Yunnan Univ, Lab Conservat & Utilizat Bioresources, Kunming 650091, Peoples R China. RP Rehner, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Pang, Junfeng /C-7783-2011; Al Adawi, Ali/H-4593-2011; Pang, Junfeng/I-9148-2014 NR 69 TC 81 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 26 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1318 EP 1338 DI 10.3852/09-244 PG 21 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 671EY UT WOS:000283484300010 PM 20943565 ER PT J AU Maurer, PC Maze, JR Stanwix, PL Jiang, L Gorshkov, AV Zibrov, AA Harke, B Hodges, JS Zibrov, AS Yacoby, A Twitchen, D Hell, SW Walsworth, RL Lukin, MD AF Maurer, P. C. Maze, J. R. Stanwix, P. L. Jiang, L. Gorshkov, A. V. Zibrov, A. A. Harke, B. Hodges, J. S. Zibrov, A. S. Yacoby, A. Twitchen, D. Hell, S. W. Walsworth, R. L. Lukin, M. D. TI Far-field optical imaging and manipulation of individual spins with nanoscale resolution SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEPLETION FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; NUCLEAR-SPIN; SINGLE SPINS; QUANTUM-DOT; DIAMOND; LIMIT; MAGNETOMETRY; BREAKING AB A fundamental limit to existing optical techniques for measurement and manipulation of spin degrees of freedom is set by diffraction, which does not allow spins separated by less than about a quarter of a micrometre to be resolved using conventional far-field optics. Here, we report an efficient far-field optical technique that overcomes the limiting role of diffraction, allowing individual electronic spins to be detected, imaged and manipulated coherently with nanoscale resolution. The technique involves selective flipping of the orientation of individual spins, associated with nitrogen-vacancy centres in room-temperature diamond, using a focused beam of light with intensity vanishing at a controllable location, which enables simultaneous single-spin imaging and magnetometry at the nanoscale with considerably less power than conventional techniques. Furthermore, by inhibiting spin transitions away from the laser intensity null, selective coherent rotation of individual spins is realized. This technique can be extended to subnanometre dimensions, thus enabling applications in diverse areas ranging from quantum information science to bioimaging. C1 [Maurer, P. C.; Maze, J. R.; Gorshkov, A. V.; Zibrov, A. A.; Hodges, J. S.; Zibrov, A. S.; Yacoby, A.; Walsworth, R. L.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Maze, J. R.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Stanwix, P. L.; Walsworth, R. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stanwix, P. L.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Jiang, L.] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Harke, B.; Hell, S. W.] Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Hodges, J. S.] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Twitchen, D.] Element Six Ltd, Ascot SL5 8BP, Berks, England. RP Lukin, MD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM lukin@fas.harvard.edu RI Stanwix, Paul/A-5280-2009; Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008; Jiang, Liang/A-9847-2008; Zibrov, Alexander/G-7419-2014; OI Stanwix, Paul/0000-0002-7069-8569; Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421; Jiang, Liang/0000-0002-0000-9342; Hodges, Jonathan/0000-0002-3487-6698 FU NSF; DARPA; Packard Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; Harvard CNS FX We gratefully acknowledge P. Cappellaro, Y. Chu, S. Folling, M. Greiner, P. Hemmer, E. Rittweger, B. Shields, E. Togan, A. Trifonov and D. Wildanger for valuable discussions and technical assistance. This work was supported by the NSF, DARPA, the Packard Foundation, the Smithsonian Institution and Harvard CNS. NR 32 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 43 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 6 IS 11 BP 912 EP 918 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1774 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 674EC UT WOS:000283715900026 ER PT J AU Tchekhovskoy, A Narayan, R McKinney, JC AF Tchekhovskoy, Alexander Narayan, Ramesh McKinney, Jonathan C. TI Magnetohydrodynamic simulations of gamma-ray burst jets: Beyond the progenitor star SO NEW ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE Relativity; MHD; Gamma rays: bursts; Galaxies: jets; Accretion; Accretion disks; Black hole physics ID HOLE ACCRETION SYSTEMS; SPINNING BLACK-HOLES; RELATIVISTIC JETS; MASSIVE STARS; DOMINATED ACCRETION; NUMERICAL SCHEME; LIGHT CURVES; SWIFT ERA; SUPERNOVAE; COLLAPSARS AB Achromatic breaks in afterglow light curves of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) arise naturally if the product of the jet's Lorentz factor gamma and opening angle Theta(j) satisfies gamma Theta(j) >> 1 at the onset of the afterglow phase, i.e., soon after the conclusion of the prompt emission. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of collimated GRB jets generally give gamma Theta(j) less than or similar to 1, suggesting that MHD models may be inconsistent with jet breaks. We work within the collapsar paradigm and use axisymmetric relativistic MHD simulations to explore the effect of a finite stellar envelope on the structure of the jet. Our idealized models treat the jet-envelope interface as a collimating rigid wall, which opens up outside the star to mimic loss of collimation. We find that the onset of deconfinement causes a burst of acceleration accompanied by a slight increase in the opening angle. In our fiducial model with a stellar radius equal to 10(4.5) times that of the central compact object, the jet achieves an asymptotic Lorentz factor gamma similar to 500 far outside the star and an asymptotic opening angle Theta(j) similar or equal to 0.04 rad at similar or equal to 2 degrees, giving gamma Theta(j) similar to 20. These values are consistent with observations of typical long-duration GRBs, and explain the occurrence of jet breaks. We provide approximate analytic solutions that describe the numerical results well. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tchekhovskoy, Alexander; Narayan, Ramesh] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McKinney, Jonathan C.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Tchekhovskoy, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM atchekho@cfa.harvard.edu; rnarayan@cfa.harvard.edu; jmckinne@stanford.edu OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 56 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-1076 J9 NEW ASTRON JI New Astron. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 15 IS 8 BP 749 EP 754 DI 10.1016/j.newast.2010.03.001 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 633OV UT WOS:000280513500013 ER PT J AU Kaeppler, AL AF Kaeppler, Adrienne L. TI Interpreting Ritual as Performance and Theory Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania 2010 Distinguished Lecture SO OCEANIA LA English DT Article DE Ritual; dance; Hawai'i; Tonga; Bulgaria; India ID DANCE AB The paper looks at specific rituals and their relationships with dance in Hawai'i, Tonga, Bulgaria, and India. These four short case studies explore the relationship between dance and ritual, in particular how dance is presented as representing the ritual past. I bring 'structured movement,' as one of ritual's distinguishing marks, to center stage to explore how ritual movement and dance are related. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kaeppler, AL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU OCEANIA PUBLICATIONS PI SYDNEY PA 116 DARLINGTON RD, H42, SYDNEY, 2006, AUSTRALIA SN 0029-8077 J9 OCEANIA JI Oceania PD NOV PY 2010 VL 80 IS 3 BP 263 EP 271 PG 9 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 682WP UT WOS:000284434000002 ER PT J AU Jones, FA Comita, LS AF Jones, F. A. Comita, L. S. TI Density-dependent pre-dispersal seed predation and fruit set in a tropical tree SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID NEOTROPICAL FOREST; FLOWERING PHENOLOGY; LOCAL NEIGHBORHOOD; RECRUITMENT; DIVERSITY; SURVIVAL; POPULATION; POLLEN; MODEL; SIZE AB Negative density-dependent demographic processes operating at post-dispersal seed, seedling, and juvenile stages are the dominant explanation for the coexistence of high numbers of tree species in tropical forests. At adult stages, the effect of pollinators and pre-dispersal fruit predators are often dependent on the density or abundance of flowers and fruit in the canopy, but each have opposite effects on individual realized reproduction. We studied the effect of density on total and mature fruit set and pre-dispersal predation rates within individual tree canopies in a common canopy tree species, Jacaranda copaia in a 50-ha forest census plot in central Panama. We sampled all reproductive sized trees in the plot (n = 188) across three years and estimated fruit set and predation rates. Population-wide pre-dispersal seed predation averaged between 6-37% across years. Using linear mixed effects models, we found that increased density and fecundity of conspecific neighbours increased focal tree fruit set, but also the rate of pre-dispersal predation. An interaction between individual and neighbourhood fruit production predicted lower predation rates at high individual and neighbourhood fecundities, which suggests predator satiation at high fruit abundance levels. However, the rate at which fruit set increased with conspecific neighbour fruit production was greater than the rate at which fruit were lost to predation, resulting in an overall positive effect of neighbour density on mature fruit production in focal trees. Our results run counter to the expectation of a uniformly negative effect of density across all life stages in tropical trees and suggest further exploration of the role of spatial clumping, pollen dispersal limitation, and predation at pre-dispersal adult stages in maintenance of species diversity in plant communities. C1 [Jones, F. A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Jones, F. A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Comita, L. S.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Jones, FA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM f.jones@imperial.ac.uk RI Jones, Andy/C-3460-2009; OI Comita, Liza/0000-0002-9169-1331 FU STRI; National Science Foundation [DEB 0129874, 608512, 043665] FX P. Jansen, N. Beckman, P. Rymer, C. Devaux, T. Paine and A. Pappadopolous provided thoughtful comments that improved the manuscript. FAJ acknowledges the support of a Tupper Postdoctoral Fellowship in Tropical Biology from STRI. We thank R. Condit, S. Hubbell and R. Foster for access to FDP data and permission to work within the plot. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB 0129874, 608512, 043665). NR 45 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD NOV PY 2010 VL 119 IS 11 BP 1841 EP 1847 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18547.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 667AT UT WOS:000283165700012 ER PT J AU Hunt, G Wicaksono, SA Brown, JE MacLeod, KG AF Hunt, Gene Wicaksono, Satrio A. Brown, Julia E. MacLeod, Kenneth G. TI CLIMATE-DRIVEN BODY-SIZE TRENDS IN THE OSTRACOD FAUNA OF THE DEEP INDIAN OCEAN SO PALAEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body size; Cope's Rule; Bergmann's Rule; climate; Ostracoda; temperature; trends ID COPES RULE; BERGMANNS RULE; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; OXYGEN AVAILABILITY; SEA-TEMPERATURES; NORTH-AMERICA; PAST 120; EVOLUTION; MARINE; MAMMALS AB Body size is a common focus of macroevolutionary, macroecological and palaeontological investigations. Here, we document body-size evolution in 19 species-level ostracod lineages from the deep Indian Ocean (Deep Sea Drilling Program Site 253) over the past 40 myr. Body-size trajectories vary across taxa and time intervals, but most lineages (16/19) show net gains in body size. Because many modern ostracod taxa are larger in colder parts of their geographical range, we compared the timing and magnitude of these size changes to established Cenozoic deep-water cooling patterns confirmed through delta O-18 measurements of benthic foraminifera in the samples studied. These data show a significant negative correlation between size changes and temperature changes (ostracods get larger as temperatures get colder), and that systematic size increases only occur during intervals of sustained cooling. In addition, statistical support for an explicit temperature-tracking model exceeds that of purely directional evolution. We argue that this Cope's Rule pattern is driven by secular changes in the environment, rather than any universal or intrinsic advantages to larger body sizes, and we note some difficulties in the attempts to link Cope's Rule to observations made within a single generation. C1 [Hunt, Gene] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Wicaksono, Satrio A.] Wesleyan Univ, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Brown, Julia E.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [MacLeod, Kenneth G.] Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Hunt, G (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, MRC 121,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hunte@si.edu; satrio_wicaksono@brown.edu; julia.brown@yale.edu; MacLeodK@missouri.edu RI Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010; MacLeod, Kenneth/C-4042-2017 OI Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020; MacLeod, Kenneth/0000-0002-6016-0837 FU NMNH; Benson Fund FX We thank S. Jain for picking the benthic foraminifera used in the isotopic analyses, C. Sanford for processing ostracod samples, and S. Whitakker for help with the SEM. We gratefully acknowledge the NMNH's Research Training Program and the Benson Fund for their support of SW. Thanks also to two anonymous reviewers for their careful reading, and to Guy Harrington for the invitation to participate in the symposium. NR 76 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-0239 J9 PALAEONTOLOGY JI Paleontology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 53 BP 1255 EP 1268 DI 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.01007.x PN 6 PG 14 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 681MT UT WOS:000284320600005 ER PT J AU Murphy, NA AF Murphy, N. A. TI Resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations of X-line retreat during magnetic reconnection SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; TIME-DEPENDENT RECONNECTION; ORDER FINITE-ELEMENTS; CURRENT SHEET; SOHO OBSERVATIONS; PLASMA; DYNAMICS; SPHEROMAKS; INITIATION; SUBSTORMS AB To investigate the impact of current sheet motion on the reconnection process, we perform resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations of two closely located reconnection sites that move apart from each other as reconnection develops This simulation develops less quickly than an otherwise equivalent single perturbation simulation but eventually exhibits a higher reconnection rate The unobstructed outflow jets are faster and longer than the outflow jets directed toward the magnetic island that forms between the two current sheets The X-line and flow stagnation point are located near the trailing end of each current sheet very close to the obstructed exit The speed of X-line retreat ranges from similar to 0 02-0 06, while the speed of stagnation point retreat ranges from similar to 0 03-0 07 in units of the initial upstream Alfven velocity Early in time, the flow stagnation point is located closer to the centei of the current sheet than the X-line, but later on the relative positions of these two points switch Consequently, late in time, there is significant plasma flow across the X-line in the opposite direction of X-line retreat Throughout the simulation, the velocity at the X-line does not equal the velocity of the X-line Motivated by these results, an expression for the rate of X-line retreat is derived in terms of local parameters evaluated at the X-line This expression shows that X-line retreat is due to both advection by the bulk plasma flow and diffusion of the normal component of the magnetic field (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics [doi 10 1063/1 3494570] C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Murphy, NA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Murphy, Nicholas/0000-0001-6628-8033 FU NASA [NNX09AB17G]; Smithsonian Institution Sprague; Center for Magnetic Self-Organization in Laboratory; University of Wisconsin FX This research was supported by NASA Grant No NNX09AB17G to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and a grant from the Smithsonian Institution Sprague Endowment Fund during FY10 N A M also acknowledges support from the Center for Magnetic Self-Organization in Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas while a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin when this project was initiated NR 66 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2010 VL 17 IS 11 AR 112310 DI 10.1063/1.3494570 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 697BB UT WOS:000285486500036 ER PT J AU Liebhold, P AF Liebhold, Peter TI The World Forestry Center Discovery Museum SO PUBLIC HISTORIAN LA English DT Art Exhibit Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Liebhold, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS & DIGITAL PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0272-3433 J9 PUBL HISTORIAN JI Public Hist. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 32 IS 4 BP 116 EP 120 DI 10.1525/tph.2010.32.4.116 PG 6 WC History SC History GA 695YF UT WOS:000285408100014 ER PT J AU Westra, E Geller, MJ Kurtz, MJ Fabricant, DG Dell'Antonio, I AF Westra, Eduard Geller, Margaret J. Kurtz, Michael J. Fabricant, Daniel G. Dell'Antonio, Ian TI Empirical Optical k-Corrections for Redshifts SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; FIBER-FED SPECTROGRAPH; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; DEEP LENS SURVEY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SPECTRAL EVOLUTION; COMMISSIONING DATA; EMISSION-LINE; NARROW-BAND; HECTOSPEC AB The Smithsonian Hectospec Lensing Survey (SHELS) is a magnitude-limited spectroscopically complete survey for R <= 21: 0 covering 4 deg(2). SHELS provides a large sample (15,513) of flux-calibrated spectra. The wavelength range covered by the spectra allows empirical determination of k-corrections for the g and r bands from z = 0 to similar to 0: 68 and 0.33, respectively, based on large samples of spectra. We approximate the k-corrections using only two parameters in a standard way: D(n)4000 and redshift, z. We use D(n)4000 rather than the standard observed galaxy color, because D(n)4000 is a redshift-independent tracer of the stellar population of the galaxy. Our approximations for the k-corrections using D(n)4000 are as good as those based on observed galaxy color (g - r) (sigma of the scatter is similar to 0.08 mag). The approximations for the k-corrections are available in an online calculator. Our results agree with previously determined analytical approximations from single stellar population (SSP) models fitted to multiband optical and near-infrared photometry for galaxies with a known redshift. Galaxies with the smallest D(n)4000-the galaxies with the youngest stellar populations-are always attenuated and/or contain contributions from older stellar populations. We use simple single SSP fits to the SHELS spectra to study the influence of emission lines on the k-correction. The effects of emission lines can be ignored for rest-frame equivalent widths (REWs) less than or similar to 100 angstrom, depending on required photometric accuracy. We also provide analytic approximations to the k-corrections determined from our model fits for z <= 0.7 as a function of redshift and D(n)4000 for ugriz and UBVRI (sigma of the scatter is typically similar to 0: 10 mag, and the rms is typically similar to 0.15 mag). Again, the approximations using D(n)4000 are as good as those based on a suitably chosen observed galaxy color. We provide all analytical approximations in an online calculator. C1 [Westra, Eduard; Geller, Margaret J.; Kurtz, Michael J.; Fabricant, Daniel G.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Dell'Antonio, Ian] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Westra, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ewestra@cfa.harvard.edu RI KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009; OI Kurtz, Michael/0000-0002-6949-0090 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 122 IS 897 BP 1258 EP 1284 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 675BY UT WOS:000283801100002 ER PT J AU Ballard, S Charbonneau, D Deming, D Knutson, HA Christiansen, JL Holman, MJ Fabrycky, D Seager, S A'Hearn, MF AF Ballard, Sarah Charbonneau, David Deming, Drake Knutson, Heather A. Christiansen, Jessie L. Holman, Matthew J. Fabrycky, Daniel Seager, Sara A'Hearn, Michael F. TI A Search for a Sub-Earth-Sized Companion to GJ 436 and a Novel Method to Calibrate Warm Spitzer IRAC Observations SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-EMISSION SPECTRUM; DEEP IMPACT MISSION; NEPTUNE-MASS PLANET; M-DWARF GJ-436; SPACE-TELESCOPE; HOT NEPTUNE; TEMPERATURE INVERSION; ORBITING GJ-436; ARRAY CAMERA; TRANSITS AB We discovered evidence for a possible additional 0: 75 R(circle plus) transiting planet in the NASA EPOXI observations of the known M dwarf exoplanetary system GJ 436. Based on an ephemeris determined from the EPOXI data, we predicted a transit event in an extant Spitzer Space Telescope 8 mu m data set of this star. Our subsequent analysis of those Spitzer data confirmed the signal of the predicted depth and at the predicted time, but we found that the transit depth was dependent on the aperture used to perform the photometry. Based on these suggestive findings, we gathered new warm Spitzer observations of GJ 436 at 4.5 mu m spanning a time of transit predicted from the EPOXI and Spitzer 8 mu m candidate events. The 4.5 mu m data permit us to rule out a transit at high confidence, and we conclude that the earlier candidate transit signals resulted from correlated noise in the EPOXI and Spitzer 8 mu m observations. In the course of this investigation, we developed a novel method for correcting the intrapixel sensitivity variations of the 3.6 and 4.5 mu m channels of the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) instrument. We demonstrate the sensitivity of warm Spitzer observations of M dwarfs to confirm sub-Earth-sized planets. Our analysis will inform similar work that will be undertaken to use warm Spitzer observations to confirm rocky planets discovered by the Kepler mission. C1 [Ballard, Sarah; Charbonneau, David; Holman, Matthew J.; Fabrycky, Daniel] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Deming, Drake] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Knutson, Heather A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Christiansen, Jessie L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Seager, Sara] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Newton, MA 02159 USA. [A'Hearn, Michael F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ballard, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sballard@cfa.harvard.edu OI Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X; Fabrycky, Daniel/0000-0003-3750-0183 NR 32 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 122 IS 897 BP 1341 EP 1352 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 675BY UT WOS:000283801100008 ER PT J AU Karonen, M Parker, J Agrawal, A Salminen, JP AF Karonen, Maarit Parker, John Agrawal, Anurag Salminen, Juha-Pekka TI First evidence of hexameric and heptameric ellagitannins in plants detected by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS; OXIDATIVE ACTIVITIES; BETULA-PUBESCENS; HIGH PH; LEAVES AB Ellagitannins are bioactive plant polyphenols of which more than 500 individual compounds have been identified from plants. An ellagitannin-rich fraction was isolated by Sephadex LH-20 from Oenothera biennis (common evening primrose) leaves and roots and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography/diode-array detection coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry with an electrospray ionisation interface. The high-molecular mass ellagitannins were characterised by their UV spectra, molecular masses and mass spectral fragments. In addition to the previously reported dimers and trimers, an entire series of oligomeric ellagitannins from dimers to heptamers was characterised in both roots and leaves of O. biennis. This is the first report of natural ellagitannins larger than pentamers. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Karonen, Maarit; Salminen, Juha-Pekka] Univ Turku, Dept Chem, Lab Organ Chem & Chem Biol, FI-20014 Turku, Finland. [Parker, John] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Agrawal, Anurag] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Karonen, M (reprint author), Univ Turku, Dept Chem, Lab Organ Chem & Chem Biol, FI-20014 Turku, Finland. EM maarit.karonen@utu.fi RI Parker, John/F-9761-2010 OI Parker, John/0000-0002-3632-7625 FU Academy of Finland [119659]; US National Science Foundation [DEB-0950231] FX We would like to thank Ms Piia Saarinen for technical assistance with the sample preparation and Ms Terhi Sundman and Dr Olli Martiskainen for the assistance with HPLC/ESI-MS analysis. This work was financially supported by the Academy of Finland (Grant No. 119659) and the US National Science Foundation (DEB-0950231). NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 24 IS 21 BP 3151 EP 3156 DI 10.1002/rcm.4756 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 673AR UT WOS:000283631000009 PM 20941762 ER PT J AU Clough, W AF Clough, Wayne TI Big Opportunity SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Clough, W (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD NOV PY 2010 VL 41 IS 7 BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 670DZ UT WOS:000283402700010 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, PA Boyko, CB Crandall, KA Komai, T Lemaitre, R Osawa, M Rahayu, DL AF McLaughlin, Patsy A. Boyko, Christopher B. Crandall, Keith A. Komai, Tomoyuki Lemaitre, Rafael Osawa, Masayuki Rahayu, Dwi Listyo TI ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF ANOMURAN DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS OF THE WORLD (EXCLUSIVE OF THE KIWAOIDEA AND FAMILIES CHIROSTYLIDAE AND GALATHEIDAE OF THE GALATHEOIDEA) - PREAMBLE AND SCOPE SO RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Checklists; valid taxa; primary synonyms; homonyms ID PHYLOGENY; MORPHOLOGY; CONSENSUS; EVOLUTION AB Annotated checklists of the world's Recent anomuran crustacean superfamilies Aegloidea, Hippoidea, Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea, Paguroidea and galatheoid family Porcellanidae are presented. Each is accompanied by brief reviews of the historical aspects of its classification, general external morphology, features of larval development and current phylogenetic status. This presentation is divided into four parts because the only unifying threads among the Aegloidea, Hippoidea, Porcellanidae and the crab-like Lithodoidea and Lomisoidea are their shared anomuran apomorphies and mutually exhibited, but independently evolved, carcinization. That carcinization similarly links the latter two superfamilies with the Paguroidea is still a passionately debated matter that will be briefly addressed, but certainly not resolved. The checklists include all currently recognized valid species, primary synonyms and homonyms, notes on matters of confusion and/or misunderstanding, and complete bibliographic references to all original descriptions. The lists are enhanced by a collection of photographs depicting the variety exhibited by members of these taxa. C1 [McLaughlin, Patsy A.] Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. [Boyko, Christopher B.] Dowling Coll, Dept Biol, Oakdale, NY 11769 USA. [Crandall, Keith A.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Crandall, Keith A.] Brigham Young Univ, Monte L Bean Life Sci Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Komai, Tomoyuki] Nat Hist Museum & Inst, Chuo Ku, Chiba 2608682, Japan. [Lemaitre, Rafael] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Osawa, Masayuki] Shimane Univ, Res Ctr Coastal Lagoon & Environm, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan. [Rahayu, Dwi Listyo] Indonesian Inst Sci LIPI, UPT Mataram, Lombok Barat 83352, NTB, Indonesia. RP McLaughlin, PA (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, 1900 Shannon Point Rd, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. EM hermit@fidalgo.net; cboyko@amnh.org; keith.crandall@byu.edu; komai@chiba-muse.or.jp; lemaitrr@si.edu; osawam@soc.shimane-u.ac.jp; dwilistyo@yahoo.com FU U.S. National Science Foundation [NSF EF-0531762, BSI DEB-0315995, AToL EF 0531603] FX The authors of the aegloid checklist express their deep gratitude to Dr. Georgina Bond-Buckup for her review and updating of the checklist for that superfamily. One of the authors (KAC) acknowledges U.S. National Science Foundation grant NSF EF-0531762 and the Biodiversity Synthesis Center for stimulating thought of the production of checklists for decapod crustaceans. One of the photo contributors (DLF) acknowledge U.S. National Science Foundation grants BS&I DEB-0315995 and AToL EF 0531603 as well as logistic support of Smithsonian Institution laboratories and colleagues in Florida, Belize and Panama. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL UNIV SINGAPORE, SCHOOL BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES PI SINGAPORE PA DEPT ZOOLOGY, KENT RIDGE, SINGAPORE 0511, SINGAPORE SN 0217-2445 J9 RAFFLES B ZOOL JI Raffles Bull. Zool. PD OCT 31 PY 2010 SU 23 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V22CQ UT WOS:000208253700002 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, PA Komai, T Lemaitre, R Rahayu, DL AF McLaughlin, Patsy A. Komai, Tomoyuki Lemaitre, Rafael Rahayu, Dwi Listyo TI ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF ANOMURAN DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS OF THE WORLD (EXCLUSIVE OF THE KIWAOIDEA AND FAMILIES CHIROSTYLIDAE AND GALATHEIDAE OF THE GALATHEOIDEA) PART I - LITHODOIDEA, LOMISOIDEA AND PAGUROIDEA SO RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HERMIT-CRABS CRUSTACEA; GENUS PAGURISTES CRUSTACEA; INDO-WEST PACIFIC; DEEP-SEA EXPEDITIONS; DIOGENIDAE SPECIES COMPLEX; EARLY JUVENILE DEVELOPMENT; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; OGASAWARA BONIN ISLANDS; RYUKYU ISLANDS; TOMOPAGURUS CRUSTACEA C1 [McLaughlin, Patsy A.] Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. [Komai, Tomoyuki] Nat Hist Museum & Inst, Chuo Ku, Chiba 2608682, Japan. [Lemaitre, Rafael] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Rahayu, Dwi Listyo] Indonesian Inst Sci LIPI, UPT Mataram, Lombok Barat 83352, NTB, Indonesia. RP McLaughlin, PA (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, 1900 Shannon Point Rd, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. EM hermit@fidalgo.net; komai@chiba-muse.or.jp; lemaitrr@si.edu; dwilistyo@yahoo.com NR 744 TC 70 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL UNIV SINGAPORE, SCHOOL BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES PI SINGAPORE PA DEPT ZOOLOGY, KENT RIDGE, SINGAPORE 0511, SINGAPORE SN 0217-2445 J9 RAFFLES B ZOOL JI Raffles Bull. Zool. PD OCT 31 PY 2010 SU 23 BP 5 EP 107 PG 103 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V22CQ UT WOS:000208253700003 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, PA Lemaitre, R Crandall, KA AF McLaughlin, Patsy A. Lemaitre, Rafael Crandall, Keith A. TI ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF ANOMURAN DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS OF THE WORLD (EXCLUSIVE OF THE KIWAOIDEA AND FAMILIES CHIROSTYLIDAE AND GALATHEIDAE OF THE GALATHEOIDEA) PART III - AEGLOIDEA SO RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER CRABS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; AEGLA DECAPODA; SOUTHERN CHILE; AEGLIDAE; MORPHOLOGY; RECORDS; BRAZIL; LEACH C1 [McLaughlin, Patsy A.] Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. [Lemaitre, Rafael] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Crandall, Keith A.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Crandall, Keith A.] Brigham Young Univ, Monte L Bean Life Sci Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP McLaughlin, PA (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, 1900 Shannon Point Rd, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. EM hermit@fidalgo.net; lemaitrr@si.edu; keith.crandall@byu.edu NR 49 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL UNIV SINGAPORE, SCHOOL BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES PI SINGAPORE PA DEPT ZOOLOGY, KENT RIDGE, SINGAPORE 0511, SINGAPORE SN 0217-2445 J9 RAFFLES B ZOOL JI Raffles Bull. Zool. PD OCT 31 PY 2010 SU 23 BP 131 EP 137 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V22CQ UT WOS:000208253700005 ER PT J AU Droege, S Rightmyer, MG Sheffield, CS Brady, SG AF Droege, Sam Rightmyer, Molly G. Sheffield, Cory S. Brady, Sean G. TI New synonymies in the bee genus Nomada from North America (Hymenoptera: Apidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Nomadinae; Nomadini; DNA barcoding; taxonomy ID SPECIES-GROUP HYMENOPTERA AB We provide diagnostic morphological characters to help distinguish males and females of the following species of Nomada: N. augustiana Mitchell, N. bethunei Cockerell, N. fervida Smith, N. fragariae Mitchell, N. lehighensis Cockerell, N. texana Cresson, and N. tiftonensis Cockerell. Based on morphological and DNA barcoding evidence we newly synonymize the following species: N. heligbrodtii Cresson (under N. texana), N. indusata Mitchell (under N. augustiana), N. kingstonensis Mitchell (under N. lehighensis), N. pseudops Cockerell (under N. bethunei), and N. wisconsinensis Graenicher (under N. fervida). We provide full descriptions of the female of N. fragariae and the male of N. lehighensis, both of which were not previously known, and newly designate the lectotype of N. wisconsinensis. We additionally provide comments on the distribution, flight times, and host associations for the treated species. C1 [Droege, Sam] US Geol Survey, BARC EAST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rightmyer, Molly G.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Rightmyer, Molly G.; Brady, Sean G.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Sheffield, Cory S.] York Univ, Dept Biol, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Droege, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, BARC EAST, Bldg 308,Room 124,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sdroege@usgs.gov; molly_rightmyer@yahoo.com; corys@yorku.ca; bradys@si.edu FU Genome Canada (through the Ontario Genomics Institute); NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada); Smithsonian Institution FX We thank E.A.B. Almeida and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. We also thank the individuals and institutions listed above, who generously shared material for this project. Specimens contributed from York University were barcoded at BIO (Biodiversity Institute of Ontario); this work was supported through funding to the Canadian Barcode of Life Network from Genome Canada (through the Ontario Genomics Institute), NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada) and other sponsors listed at www.BOLNET.ca. This contribution was also supported by the Smithsonian Institution Postdoctoral Fellowship in Molecular Evolution (awarded to MGR). NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 29 PY 2010 IS 2661 BP 1 EP 32 PG 32 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 677RG UT WOS:000284008900001 ER PT J AU Sioris, CE Boone, CD Bernath, PF Zou, J McElroy, CT McLinden, CA AF Sioris, C. E. Boone, C. D. Bernath, P. F. Zou, J. McElroy, C. T. McLinden, C. A. TI Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) observations of aerosol in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from the Kasatochi volcanic eruption SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EL-CHICHON; SAGE-II; COAGULATION; RETRIEVALS; INSTRUMENT; PINATUBO; HUDSON; CLOUD; MODEL; GOMOS AB Near-infrared (NIR) atmospheric extinction profile observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) Imager and from Measurements of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (MAESTRO) are presented, illustrating the impact of the Kasatochi volcanic eruption in August 2008 on the aerosol loading of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in the subsequent months. In September 2008, profiles of NIR extinction show a significant increase relative to each of the previous four Septembers (2004-2007). The aerosol enhancement is observable up to 18.5 km in Northern Hemisphere NIR extinction data, and peaks at 9.5 km in the extratropics, where the extinction is similar to 8 times the normal September value. The particulate matter in the troposphere is quickly dispersed over the Northern Hemisphere during September 2008 and vanishes by the end of November 2008. An upper layer, initially in the extratropical lower stratosphere, persists through March 2009, descending with time into the troposphere where, by coagulation of sulphate aerosol, the size of the particles increases with time. C1 [Sioris, C. E.; McElroy, C. T.; McLinden, C. A.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Boone, C. D.; Bernath, P. F.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Zou, J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Sioris, C. E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Sioris, CE (reprint author), Environm Canada, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM csioris@cfa.harvard.edu RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Sioris, Christopher/0000-0003-1168-8755 FU Canadian Space Agency; UK Natural Environment Research Council FX The ACE mission is supported primarily by the Canadian Space Agency. Some support was also provided by the UK Natural Environment Research Council. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 27 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00L14 DI 10.1029/2009JD013469 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 674MK UT WOS:000283749100002 ER PT J AU Schreeg, LA Kress, WJ Erickson, DL Swenson, NG AF Schreeg, Laura A. Kress, W. John Erickson, David L. Swenson, Nathan G. TI Phylogenetic Analysis of Local-Scale Tree Soil Associations in a Lowland Moist Tropical Forest SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RAIN-FOREST; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; MANGANESE TOXICITY; ALUMINUM ACCUMULATION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; EDAPHIC FACTORS; BARRO-COLORADO; 50-HA PLOTS; MYCORRHIZAL AB Background: Local plant-soil associations are commonly studied at the species-level, while associations at the level of nodes within a phylogeny have been less well explored. Understanding associations within a phylogenetic context, however, can improve our ability to make predictions across systems and can advance our understanding of the role of evolutionary history in structuring communities. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we quantified evolutionary signal in plant-soil associations using a DNA sequence-based community phylogeny and several soil variables (e. g., extractable phosphorus, aluminum and manganese, pH, and slope as a proxy for soil water). We used published plant distributional data from the 50-ha plot on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Republic of Panama. Our results suggest some groups of closely related species do share similar soil associations. Most notably, the node shared by Myrtaceae and Vochysiaceae was associated with high levels of aluminum, a potentially toxic element. The node shared by Apocynaceae was associated with high extractable phosphorus, a nutrient that could be limiting on a taxon specific level. The node shared by the large group of Laurales and Magnoliales was associated with both low extractable phosphorus and with steeper slope. Despite significant node-specific associations, this study detected little to no phylogeny-wide signal. We consider the majority of the 'traits' (i.e., soil variables) evaluated to fall within the category of ecological traits. We suggest that, given this category of traits, phylogeny-wide signal might not be expected while node-specific signals can still indicate phylogenetic structure with respect to the variable of interest. Conclusions: Within the BCI forest dynamics plot, distributions of some plant taxa are associated with local-scale differences in soil variables when evaluated at individual nodes within the phylogenetic tree, but they are not detectable by phylogeny-wide signal. Trends highlighted in this analysis suggest how plant-soil associations may drive plant distributions and diversity at the local-scale. C1 [Schreeg, Laura A.] Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Schreeg, Laura A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Kress, W. John; Erickson, David L.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Swenson, Nathan G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Schreeg, LA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM schreeg@ufl.edu RI Swenson, Nathan/A-3514-2012 OI Swenson, Nathan/0000-0003-3819-9767 FU National Science Foundation; University of Florida (UF); Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; NSF [DEB021104, 021115, 0212284, 0212818, OISE 0314581] FX NGS was supported by a National Science Foundation Post-Doctoral Fellowship in Bioinformatics while this work was being performed. LAS was supported by fellowships from University of Florida (UF) and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute during this work. This project was initiated during the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS) Plant Systematics course. LAS's participation and travel was supported by OTS, UF Department of Botany, UF Office of Research, a Field Research Grant through the UF Tropical Conservation and Development Program and Michelle Mack's Ecosystem Ecology lab. The soil data used in the analysis were collected by STRI Soils Initiative and CTFS, led by Jim Dalling and Kyle Harms with support from NSF DEB021104, 021115, 0212284, 0212818 and OISE 0314581 and the field assistance of Paolo Segre and Juan Di Trani. The plant distribution data used in this work were collected through the Center for Tropical Forest Science and are cited accordingly. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 80 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 37 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 27 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 10 AR e13685 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0013685 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 671UN UT WOS:000283537000050 PM 21060686 ER PT J AU Tscherbul, TV Klos, J Dalgarno, A Zygelman, B Pavlovic, Z Hummon, MT Lu, HI Tsikata, E Doyle, JM AF Tscherbul, T. V. Klos, J. Dalgarno, A. Zygelman, B. Pavlovic, Z. Hummon, M. T. Lu, H. -I. Tsikata, E. Doyle, J. M. TI Collisional properties of cold spin-polarized nitrogen gas: Theory, experiment, and prospects as a sympathetic coolant for trapped atoms and molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PULSED DYE-LASER; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION MODELS; GENERAL COUPLED-CLUSTER; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; DIPOLAR RELAXATION; GROUND-STATE; LONG-RANGE; BASIS-SETS; AB-INITIO AB We report a combined experimental and theoretical study of collision-induced dipolar relaxation in a cold spin-polarized gas of atomic nitrogen (N). We use buffer gas cooling to create trapped samples of N-14 and N-15 atoms with densities (5 +/- 2) x 10(12) cm(-3) and measure their magnetic relaxation rates at milli-Kelvin temperatures. These measurements, together with rigorous quantum scattering calculations based on accurate ab initio interaction potentials for the (7)Sigma(+)(u) electronic state of N-2 demonstrate that dipolar relaxation in N + N collisions occurs at a slow rate of similar to 10(-13) cm(3)/s over a wide range of temperatures (1 mK to 1 K) and magnetic fields (10 mT to 2 T). The calculated dipolar relaxation rates are insensitive to small variations of the interaction potential and to the magnitude of the spin-exchange interaction, enabling the accurate calibration of the measured N atom density. We find consistency between the calculated and experimentally determined rates. Our results suggest that N atoms are promising candidates for future experiments on sympathetic cooling of molecules. C1 [Tscherbul, T. V.; Dalgarno, A.; Hummon, M. T.; Lu, H. -I.; Tsikata, E.; Doyle, J. M.] Harvard Massachusetts Inst Technol Ctr Ultracold, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tscherbul, T. V.; Dalgarno, A.; Pavlovic, Z.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Klos, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zygelman, B.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Pavlovic, Z.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Hummon, M. T.; Lu, H. -I.; Tsikata, E.; Doyle, J. M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Tscherbul, TV (reprint author), Harvard Massachusetts Inst Technol Ctr Ultracold, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM tshcherb@cfa.harvard.edu RI Klos, Jacek/A-6457-2008; Tscherbul, Timur/K-3286-2014; OI Klos, Jacek/0000-0002-7407-303X; Tscherbul, Timur/0000-0001-5689-040X; HUMMON, MATTHEW/0000-0002-3020-0500 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [PHY-0757157, CHE-0848110, PHY-0758140]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-1-0492]; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division of the Office of Basic Energy Science; Office of Science; US Department of Energy; Harvard University; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) (Grant No. PHY-0757157), Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No. FA9550-07-1-0492), the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division of the Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, US Department of Energy, and NSF grants to the Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms and the Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics at Harvard University and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. J.K. acknowledges financial support from NSF (Grant No. CHE-0848110) to M. H. Alexander. B.Z. was supported by NSF Grant No. PHY-0758140. NR 84 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 4 AR 042718 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.042718 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 671FS UT WOS:000283486500008 ER PT J AU Chen, LJ Chang, GQ Li, CH Benedick, AJ Philips, DF Walsworth, RL Kartner, FX AF Chen, Li-Jin Chang, Guoqing Li, Chih-Hao Benedick, Andrew J. Philips, David F. Walsworth, Ronald L. Kaertner, Franz X. TI Broadband dispersion-free optical cavities based on zero group delay dispersion mirror sets SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY COMBS; CHIRPED MIRROR; GENERATION AB A broadband dispersion-free optical cavity using a zero group delay dispersion (zero-GDD) mirror set is demonstrated. In general zero-GDD mirror sets consist of two or more mirrors with opposite group delay dispersion (GDD), that when used together, form an optical cavity with vanishing dispersion over an enhanced bandwidth in comparison with traditional low GDD mirrors. More specifically, in this paper, we show a realization of such a two-mirror cavity, where the mirrors show opposite GDD and simultaneously a mirror reflectivity of 99.2% over 100 nm bandwidth (480 nm - 580 nm). (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Chen, Li-Jin; Chang, Guoqing; Benedick, Andrew J.; Kaertner, Franz X.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Li, Chih-Hao; Philips, David F.; Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Chen, LJ (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM lijinc@mit.edu FU National Science Foundation [AST-0905592]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [HR0011-05-C-0155]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX10AE68G] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation under contract AST-0905592, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency HR0011-05-C-0155 and National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant NNX10AE68G. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 25 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 22 BP 23204 EP 23211 DI 10.1364/OE.18.023204 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 672CK UT WOS:000283560400061 PM 21164661 ER PT J AU Adamski, D Johnson, PJ Boe, AA Bradshaw, JD Pultyniewicz, A AF Adamski, D. Johnson, P. J. Boe, A. A. Bradshaw, J. D. Pultyniewicz, Alan TI Descriptions of life-stages of Blastobasis repartella (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Coleophoridae: Blastobasinae) and observations on its biology in switchgrass SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE biofuel; biomass; Blastobasinae; chaetotaxy; Coleophoridae; energy; Gramineae; life stages; Panicum; Poaceae; stem-borer; switchgrass ID BIOFUELS; BIOMASS; FEEDSTOCKS; BORER; YIELD AB Blastobasis repartella (Dietz) is a borer in the proaxis and basal nodes and internodes of above ground stems of Panicum virgatum L. (Poaceae). The adult and immature stages are described herein, including diagnoses of the adult and larva, as this insect may be easily confused with a closely related grass-feeding congener, Blastobasis graminea Adamski, which is also known to occur in the United States. The biology of B. repartella is described. Figures of the adult, illustrations of the male and female genitalia, wing venation, the chaetotaxy of the larva (supplemented with scanning electron micrographs), and pupa are provided. Bassus difficilis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is reported as a larval/pupal parasitoid of B. repartella. A new host record for Aethes spartinana (Barnes & McDunnough) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is also reported. C1 [Adamski, D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Boe, A. A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Bradshaw, J. D.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, Lincoln, NE 69361 USA. RP Adamski, D (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,NHB E519, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM adamskid@si.edu; paul.johnson@sdstate.edu; arvid.boe@sdstate.edu; jbradshaw2@unl.edu FU South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station; U.S. Department of Energy through the Great Plains Institute for Sustainable Development in Minneapolis; Department of Energy's biomass program through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory; North Central Sun Grant Center at South Dakota State University FX We thank Scott Whittaker, Lab Manager, Scanning Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, for the suggestions on larval fixation prior to SEM analysis, and for the scheduling of scope time; Sara L. Taliaferro, Lawrence, Kansas, for the fine computer generated illustrations of the larva and pupa and production of plates; and Mike Sharkey, University of Kentucky, for the identification of Bassus difficilis. Funding for A. Boe, on forage breeding research is supported by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station; the U.S. Department of Energy through the Great Plains Institute for Sustainable Development in Minneapolis, the Department of Energy's biomass program through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and the North Central Sun Grant Center at South Dakota State University; P. Johnson, on insect herbivores of switchgrass by the South Dakota's Agricultural Experiment Station and the Burruss McDaniel Insect Collection Endowment (South Dakota State University Foundation), and for B. Bradshaw through the Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 25 PY 2010 IS 2656 BP 41 EP 54 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 669WF UT WOS:000283380200002 ER PT J AU Hall, JPW Willmott, KR AF Hall, Jason P. W. Willmott, Keith R. TI DESCRIPTION OF A NEW LUCILLELLA SPECIES (RIODINIDAE: SYMMACHIINI) DISCOVERED IN THE EASTERN ANDES OF ECUADOR USING THE SINGLE ROPE CANOPY ACCESS TECHNIQUE SO JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE canopy diversity; canopy sampling methods; montane forest; South America ID FOREST; BUTTERFLIES; PATTERNS; MIMICRY AB A new riodinid species in the tribe Symmachiini, Lucillella arcoirisa Hall & Willmott n. sp., is described from the eastern Andes of Ecuador. All five true members of the germs Lucillella Strand, 1932, are figured, and their known geographic ranges are mapped. Lucillella is hypothesized to be monophyletic with the exclusion of suberra Hewitson, 1877, and the sister genus is hypothesized to be Esthemopsis C. & R. Felder, 1865. The new Lucillella species was discovered in the forest canopy using the single rope technique. The equipment and procedures used in this canopy access method are described and illustrated. C1 [Hall, Jason P. W.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Willmott, Keith R.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, McGuire Ctr Lepidoptera & Biodivers, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Hall, JPW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NHB 169, Washington, DC 20560 USA. FU National Science Foundation [0103746, 0639977]; Fundacion Arcoiris FX We thank the National Science Foundation (DEB #0103746 and #0639977) for financial support of museum and field research; Fundacion Arcoiris for providing accommodation and research support while conducting fieldwork ill the tipper Zamora valley; Julia Robinson Willmott for assistance and companionship during canopy ascents in the field; Chris Lear for invaluable advice on rope climbing techniques; the Ministerio del Ambiente and the Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, in Quito, for arranging the necessary permits for research in Ecuador; and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU LEPIDOPTERISTS SOC PI LOS ANGELES PA 900 EXPOSITION BLVD, LOS ANGELES, CA 90007-4057 USA SN 0024-0966 J9 J LEPID SOC JI J. Lepid. Soc. PD OCT 22 PY 2010 VL 64 IS 3 BP 139 EP 146 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 674OU UT WOS:000283757700002 ER PT J AU Sorenson, MD Hauber, ME Derrickson, SR AF Sorenson, Michael D. Hauber, Mark E. Derrickson, Scott R. TI Sexual imprinting misguides species recognition in a facultative interspecific brood parasite SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE brood parasitism; hybridization; sexual imprinting; life history; recognition systems ID REDHEAD AYTHYA-AMERICANA; INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR; VIDUA-CHALYBEATA; ZEBRA FINCHES; BIRDS; HOST; SONG; PREFERENCE; COWBIRDS; INDIGOBIRDS AB Sexual reproduction relies on the recognition of conspecifics for breeding. Most experiments in birds have implicated a critical role for early social learning in directing subsequent courtship behaviours and mating decisions. This classical view of avian sexual imprinting is challenged, however, by studies of megapodes and obligate brood parasites, species in which reliable recognition is achieved despite the lack of early experience with conspecifics. By rearing males with either conspecific or heterospecific brood mates, we experimentally tested the effect of early social experience on the association preferences and courtship behaviours of two sympatrically breeding ducks. We predicted that redheads (Aythya americana), which are facultative interspecific brood parasites, would show a diminished effect of early social environment on subsequent courtship preferences when compared with their host and congener, the canvasback (Aythya valisineria). Contrary to expectations, cross-fostered males of both species courted heterospecific females and preferred them in spatial association tests, whereas control males courted and associated with conspecific females. These results imply that ontogenetic constraints on species recognition may be a general impediment to the initial evolution of interspecific brood parasitism in birds. Under more natural conditions, a variety of mechanisms may mitigate or counteract the effects of early imprinting for redheads reared in canvasback broods. C1 [Sorenson, Michael D.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Sorenson, Michael D.; Derrickson, Scott R.] Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Hauber, Mark E.] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10065 USA. RP Sorenson, MD (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM msoren@bu.edu RI Sorenson, Michael/D-8065-2011 OI Sorenson, Michael/0000-0001-5375-2917 FU Smithsonian Institution; Friends of the National Zoo; Yale University FX We are indebted to Michael Haramis, Joe Kotok, the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center and Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge for crucial logistical support of this work. Carolyn Emerick, Chris Kirkpatrick, Steve Leathery, Warren Lynch, Rick Mazza, Dan Sprague and Lisa Ware assisted with care and observations of the ducks. Jeff DaCosta, Darren Irwin and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Funding was provided to M.D.S. and S.R.D. by the Smithsonian Institution and the Friends of the National Zoo. M.E.H. was supported by awards from Yale University. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD OCT 22 PY 2010 VL 277 IS 1697 BP 3079 EP 3085 DI 10.1098/rspb.2010.0592 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 660LY UT WOS:000282645700004 PM 20484239 ER PT J AU Worrall, DM Birkinshaw, M O'Sullivan, E Zezas, A Wolter, A Trinchieri, G Fabbiano, G AF Worrall, D. M. Birkinshaw, M. O'Sullivan, E. Zezas, A. Wolter, A. Trinchieri, G. Fabbiano, G. TI The jet and counterjet of 3C 270 (NGC 4261) viewed in the X-ray with Chandra SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: individual: 3C 270; galaxies: individual: NGC 4261; galaxies: jets; X-rays: galaxies ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; POWER RADIO GALAXIES; FR-I; RELATIVISTIC JETS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; CENTAURUS-A; BLACK-HOLE AB The radio source 3C 270, hosted by nearby elliptical galaxy NGC 4261, is the brightest known example of counterjet X-ray emission from a low-power radio galaxy. We report on the X-ray emission of the jet and counterjet from 130 ks of Chandra data. We argue that the X-ray emission is synchrotron radiation and that the internal properties of the jet and counterjet are remarkably similar. We find a smooth connection in X-ray hardness and X-ray-to-radio ratio between the jet and one of the X-ray components within the core spectrum. We observe wedge-like depressions in diffuse X-ray surface brightness surrounding the jets, and interpret them as regions where an aged population of electrons provides pressure to balance the interstellar medium of NGC 4261. About 20 per cent of the mass of the interstellar medium has been displaced by the radio source. Treating 3C 270 as a twin-jet system, we find an interesting agreement between the ratio of jet-to-counterjet length in X-rays and that expected if X-rays are observed over the distance that an outflow from the core would have travelled in similar to 6 x 10(4) yr. X-ray synchrotron loss times are shorter than this, and we suggest that most particle acceleration arises as a result of turbulence and dissipation in a stratified flow. We speculate that an episode of activity in the central engine beginning similar to 6 x 10(4) yr ago has led to an increased velocity shear. This has enhanced the ability of the jet plasma to accelerate electrons to X-ray-synchrotron-emitting energies, forming the X-ray jet and counterjet that we see today. C1 [Worrall, D. M.; Birkinshaw, M.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [O'Sullivan, E.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Zezas, A.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Greece. [Zezas, A.] Fdn Res & Technol Helas, IESL, Iraklion 7110, Greece. [Zezas, A.; Fabbiano, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wolter, A.; Trinchieri, G.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-20121 Milan, Italy. RP Worrall, DM (reprint author), Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. EM d.worrall@bristol.ac.uk RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011; OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Wolter, Anna/0000-0001-5840-9835; O'Sullivan, Ewan/0000-0002-5671-6900; Trinchieri, Ginevra/0000-0002-0227-502X FU European Community; Chandra [GO8-9094X]; EU [206469] FX We are grateful to the anonymous referee for suggestions which improved the clarity and completeness of the paper. We thank the CXC for its support of Chandra observations, calibrations, data processing and analysis and the SAO R&D group for DS9 and FUNTOOLS. EO acknowledges the support of the European Community under the Marie Curie Research Training Network. AZ acknowledges partial support from Chandra grant GO8-9094X. Space Astrophysics in Crete is partly supported by EU FP7 Capacities GA No. 206469. This work has used data from the VLA. National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. NR 69 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 21 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 2 BP 701 EP 712 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17162.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 660KA UT WOS:000282639100005 ER PT J AU Penna, RF McKinney, JC Narayan, R Tchekhovskoy, A Shafee, R McClintock, JE AF Penna, Robert F. McKinney, Jonathan C. Narayan, Ramesh Tchekhovskoy, Alexander Shafee, Rebecca McClintock, Jeffrey E. TI Simulations of magnetized discs around black holes: effects of black hole spin, disc thickness and magnetic field geometry SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; gravitation; hydrodynamics; MHD; methods: numerical ID GENERAL-RELATIVISTIC MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; BLANDFORD-ZNAJEK MECHANISM; DOMINATED ACCRETION FLOWS; MARGINALLY STABLE ORBIT; X-RAY BINARIES; NUMERICAL SCHEME; JETS; EVOLUTION; EFFICIENCY; MAGNETOSPHERES AB The standard general relativistic model of a razor-thin accretion disc around a black hole, developed by Novikov & Thorne (NT) in 1973, assumes the shear stress vanishes at the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) and that, outside the ISCO, the shear stress is produced by an effective turbulent viscosity. However, astrophysical accretion discs are not razor thin; it is uncertain whether the shear stress necessarily vanishes at the ISCO, and the magnetic field, which is thought to drive turbulence in discs, may contain large-scale structures that do not behave like a simple local scalar viscosity. We describe 3D general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of accretion discs around black holes with a range of spin parameters, and we use the simulations to assess the validity of the NT model. Our fiducial initial magnetic field consists of multiple (alternating polarity) poloidal field loops whose shape is roughly isotropic in the disc in order to match the isotropic turbulence expected in the poloidal plane. For a thin disc with an aspect ratio vertical bar h/r vertical bar similar to 0.07 around a non-spinning black hole, we find a decrease in the accreted specific angular momentum of 2.9 per cent relative to the NT model and an excess luminosity from inside the ISCO of 3.5 per cent. The deviations in the case of spinning black holes are also of the same order. In addition, the deviations decrease with decreasing vertical bar h/r vertical bar. We therefore conclude that magnetized thin accretion discs in X-ray binaries in the thermal/high-soft spectral state ought to be well described by the NT model, especially at luminosities below 30 per cent of Eddington where we expect a very small disc thickness vertical bar h/r vertical bar less than or similar to 0.05. We use our results to determine the spin equilibrium of black hole accretion discs with a range of thicknesses and to determine how electromagnetic stresses within the ISCO depend upon black hole spin and disc thickness. We find that the electromagnetic stress and the luminosity inside the ISCO depend on the assumed initial magnetic field geometry. We consider a second geometry with field lines following density contours, which for thin discs leads to highly radially elongated magnetic field lines. This gives roughly twice larger deviations from NT for both the accreted specific angular momentum and the luminosity inside the ISCO. Lastly, we find that the disc's corona (including any wind or jet) introduces deviations from NT in the specific angular momentum that are comparable to those contributed by the disc component, while the excess luminosity of bound gas from within the ISCO is dominated by only the disc component. Based on these indications, we suggest that differences in results between our work and other similar work are due to differences in the assumed initial magnetic field geometry as well as the inclusion of disc gas versus all the gas when comparing the specific angular momentum from the simulations with the NT model. C1 [Penna, Robert F.; Narayan, Ramesh; Tchekhovskoy, Alexander; McClintock, Jeffrey E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McKinney, Jonathan C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [McKinney, Jonathan C.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Shafee, Rebecca] Harvard Univ, Ctr Brain Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Penna, RF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rpenna@cfa.harvard.edu; jmckinne@stanford.edu; rnarayan@cfa.harvard.edu; atchekho@cfa.harvard.edu; shafee@fas.harvard.edu; jmcclintock@cfa.harvard.edu OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 FU NASA [NNX08AH32G, PF7-80048]; NSF [AST-0805832]; NCSA (Abe); LONI (QueenBee); NICS (Kraken) [TG-AST080025N, TG-AST080026N] FX We thank Phil Armitage, the referee, for comments that greatly improved the paper's presentation, and we thank Scott Noble for detailed discussions about his work. We thank Charles Gammie, Chris Reynolds, Jim Stone, Kris Beckwith, John Hawley, Julian Krolik, Chris Done, Chris Fragile, Martin Pessah and Niayesh Afshordi for useful discussions. This work was supported in part by NASA grant NNX08AH32G (AT and RN), NSF grant AST-0805832 (AT and RN), NASA Chandra Fellowship PF7-80048 (JCM), an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship (RFP) and the NSF through TeraGrid resources provided by NCSA (Abe), LONI (QueenBee), NICS (Kraken) under grant numbers TG-AST080025N and TG-AST080026N. NR 86 TC 134 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 21 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 2 BP 752 EP 782 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17170.x PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 660KA UT WOS:000282639100008 ER PT J AU Covey, KR Lada, CJ Roman-Zuniga, C Muench, AA Forbrich, J Ascenso, J AF Covey, K. R. Lada, C. J. Roman-Zuniga, C. Muench, A. A. Forbrich, J. Ascenso, J. TI THE AGE, STELLAR CONTENT, AND STAR FORMATION TIMESCALE OF THE B59 DENSE CORE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Hertzsprung-Russell and C-M diagrams; infrared: stars; stars: emission-line, Be; stars: formation; stars: pre-main sequence ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; ORION NEBULA CLUSTER; T-TAURI STARS; ALPHA EMISSION STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; 2.5 MU-M; PIPE NEBULA; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; BROWN DWARF AB We have investigated the stellar content of Barnard 59 (B59), the most active star-forming core in the Pipe Nebula. Using the SpeX spectrograph on the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, we obtained moderate resolution, near-infrared (NIR) spectra for 20 candidate young stellar objects (YSOs) in B59 and a representative sample of NIR and mid-IR bright sources distributed throughout the Pipe. Measuring luminosity and temperature sensitive features in these spectra, we identified likely background giant stars and measured each star's spectral type, extinction, and NIR continuum excess. To measure B59's age, we place its candidate YSOs in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and compare their location to YSOs in several well-studied star-forming regions, as well as predictions of pre-main-sequence (PMS) evolutionary models. We find that B59 is composed of late-type (K4-M6) low-mass (0.9-0.1 M(circle dot)) YSOs whose median stellar age is comparable to, if not slightly older than, that of YSOs within the rho Oph, Taurus, and Chameleon star-forming regions. Deriving absolute age estimates from PMS models computed by D'Antona et al., and accounting only for statistical uncertainties, we measure B59's median stellar age to be 2.6 +/- 0.8 Myr. Including potential systematic effects increases the error budget for B59's median (DM98) stellar age to 2.6(-2.6)(+4.1) Myr. We also find that the relative age orderings implied by PMS evolutionary tracks depend on the range of stellar masses sampled, as model isochrones possess significantly different mass dependences. The maximum likelihood median stellar age we measure for B59, and the region's observed gas properties, suggests that the B59 dense core has been stable against global collapse for roughly six dynamical timescales and is actively forming stars with a star formation efficiency per dynamical time of similar to 6%. While the similar to 150% uncertainties associated with our age measurement propagate directly into these derived star formation timescales, the maximum likelihood values nonetheless agree well with recent star formation simulations that incorporate various forms of support against collapse, such as subcritical magnetic fields, outflows, and radiative feedback from protostellar heating. C1 [Covey, K. R.; Lada, C. J.; Muench, A. A.; Forbrich, J.; Ascenso, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Roman-Zuniga, C.] CSIC IAA, Ctr Astron Hispano Aleman, Granada 18006, Spain. RP Covey, KR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, 226 Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Roman-Zuniga, Carlos/F-6602-2016; OI Roman-Zuniga, Carlos/0000-0001-8600-4798; Muench, August/0000-0003-0666-6367; Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797 FU NASA FX The authors owe a debt of gratitude to Bill Golisch, Paul Sears, and Bobby Bus for their generous assistance in obtaining efficient and accurate observations. K. R. C. gratefully acknowledges Kevin Luhman's assistance in providing homogeneous catalogs of spectral types and photometry for young stars in well-known star forming regions, and helpful discussions with Lynne Hillenbrand and Michael Meyer concerning the practice and reliability of pre-main sequence age measurements, with Eric Mamajek on the history of star formation in the Sco-Cen region, and with Stella Offner on the physics of collapsing cores. The authors also recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. NASA support was provided to K. Covey for this work through the Spitzer Space Telescope Fellowship Program, through a contract issued by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. NR 100 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 2 BP 971 EP 988 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/2/971 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678LK UT WOS:000284075400001 ER PT J AU Mohanty, S Stassun, KG Doppmann, GW AF Mohanty, Subhanjoy Stassun, Keivan G. Doppmann, Greg W. TI HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY DURING ECLIPSE OF THE YOUNG SUBSTELLAR ECLIPSING BINARY 2MASS 0535-0546. I. PRIMARY SPECTRUM: COOL SPOTS VERSUS OPACITY UNCERTAINTIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: eclipsing; brown dwarfs; circumstellar matter-stars: fundamental parameters; stars: low-mass; stars: pre-main sequence; techniques: spectroscopic ID LOW-MASS STARS; BROWN DWARFS; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION-LINES; J05352184-0546085; REVERSAL; SURFACE; TAURI; ATMOSPHERES; PARAMETERS AB We present high-resolution Keck optical spectra of the very young substellar eclipsing binary 2MASS J05352184-0546085, obtained during eclipse of the lower-mass (secondary) brown dwarf. The observations yield the spectrum of the higher-mass (primary) brown dwarf alone, with negligible (similar to 1.6%) contamination by the secondary. We perform a simultaneous fine analysis of the TiO-epsilon band and the red lobe of the K I doublet, using state-of-the-art PHOENIX dusty and COND synthetic spectra. Comparing the effective temperature and surface gravity derived from these fits to the empirically determined surface gravity of the primary (log g = 3.5) then allows us to test the model spectra as well as probe the prevailing photospheric conditions. We find that: (1) fits to TiO-epsilon alone imply T(eff) = 2500 +/- 50 K; (2) at this T(eff), fits to K I imply log g = 3.0, 0.5 dex lower than the true value; and (3) at the true log g, K I fits yield T(eff) = 2650 +/- 50 K, similar to 150K higher than from TiO-epsilon alone. On the one hand, these are the trends expected in the presence of cool spots covering a large fraction of the primary's surface (as theorized previously to explain the observed T(eff) reversal between the primary and secondary). Specifically, our results can be reproduced by an unspotted stellar photosphere with T(eff) = 2700 K and (empirical) log g = 3.5, coupled with axisymmetric cool spots that are 15% cooler (2300 K), have an effective log g = 3.0 (0.5 dex lower than photospheric), and cover 70% of the surface. On the other hand, the trends in our analysis can also be reproduced by model opacity errors: there are lacks in the synthetic TiO-epsilon opacities, at least for higher-gravity field dwarfs. Stringently discriminating between the two possibilities requires combining the present results with an equivalent analysis of the secondary (predicted to be relatively unspotted compared to the primary). C1 [Mohanty, Subhanjoy] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stassun, Keivan G.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Stassun, Keivan G.] Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Doppmann, Greg W.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Mohanty, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM smohanty@cfa.harvard.edu; keivan.stassun@vanderbilt.edu; gdoppmann@noao.edu FU NSF [AST-0607773]; AURA through the National Science Foundation [AST-0132798] FX S. M. thanks G. Chabrier, I. Baraffe, A. Reiners, and D. J. Mullan for stimulating discussions on the subject, and F. Allard and P. Hauschildt for supplying the high-resolution synthetic spectra. K. G. S. acknowledges support from NSF grant AST-0607773. This material is based upon work supported by AURA through the National Science Foundation under AURA Cooperative Agreement AST-0132798 as amended. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 2 BP 1138 EP 1147 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/2/1138 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678LK UT WOS:000284075400013 ER PT J AU Fowler, JW Acquaviva, V Ade, PAR Aguirre, P Amiri, M Appel, JW Barrientos, LF Battistelli, ES Bond, JR Brown, B Burger, B Chervenak, J Das, S Devlin, MJ Dicker, SR Doriese, WB Dunkley, J Dunner, R Essinger-Hileman, T Fisher, RP Hajian, A Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hernandez-Monteagudo, C Hilton, GC Hilton, M Hincks, AD Hlozek, R Huffenberger, KM Hughes, DH Hughes, JP Infante, L Irwin, KD Jimenez, R Juin, JB Kaul, M Klein, J Kosowsky, A Lau, JM Limon, M Lin, YT Lupton, RH Marriage, TA Marsden, D Martocci, K Mauskopf, P Menanteau, F Moodley, K Moseley, H Netterfield, CB Niemack, MD Nolta, MR Page, LA Parker, L Partridge, B Quintana, H Reid, B Sehgal, N Sievers, J Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Swetz, DS Switzer, ER Thornton, R Trac, H Tucker, C Verde, L Warne, R Wilson, G Wollack, E Zhao, Y AF Fowler, J. W. Acquaviva, V. Ade, P. A. R. Aguirre, P. Amiri, M. Appel, J. W. Barrientos, L. F. Battistelli, E. S. Bond, J. R. Brown, B. Burger, B. Chervenak, J. Das, S. Devlin, M. J. Dicker, S. R. Doriese, W. B. Dunkley, J. Duenner, R. Essinger-Hileman, T. Fisher, R. P. Hajian, A. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hernandez-Monteagudo, C. Hilton, G. C. Hilton, M. Hincks, A. D. Hlozek, R. Huffenberger, K. M. Hughes, D. H. Hughes, J. P. Infante, L. Irwin, K. D. Jimenez, R. Juin, J. B. Kaul, M. Klein, J. Kosowsky, A. Lau, J. M. Limon, M. Lin, Y. -T. Lupton, R. H. Marriage, T. A. Marsden, D. Martocci, K. Mauskopf, P. Menanteau, F. Moodley, K. Moseley, H. Netterfield, C. B. Niemack, M. D. Nolta, M. R. Page, L. A. Parker, L. Partridge, B. Quintana, H. Reid, B. Sehgal, N. Sievers, J. Spergel, D. N. Staggs, S. T. Swetz, D. S. Switzer, E. R. Thornton, R. Trac, H. Tucker, C. Verde, L. Warne, R. Wilson, G. Wollack, E. Zhao, Y. TI THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: A MEASUREMENT OF THE 600 < l < 8000 COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POWER SPECTRUM AT 148 GHz SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations ID 1200-MU-M MAMBO SURVEY; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; GOODS-N FIELD; SOURCE CATALOG; EXTRAGALACTIC SOURCES; ANISOTROPY POWER; PLANCK SURVEYOR; DUST EMISSION; PROBE AB We present a measurement of the angular power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation observed at 148 GHz. The measurement uses maps with 1'.4 angular resolution made with data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). The observations cover 228 deg(2) of the southern sky, in a 4 degrees.2 wide strip centered on declination 53 degrees south. The CMB at arcminute angular scales is particularly sensitive to the Silk damping scale, to the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect from galaxy clusters, and to emission by radio sources and dusty galaxies. After masking the 108 brightest point sources in our maps, we estimate the power spectrum between 600 < l < 8000 using the adaptive multi-taper method to minimize spectral leakage and maximize use of the full data set. Our absolute calibration is based on observations of Uranus. To verify the calibration and test the fidelity of our map at large angular scales, we cross-correlate the ACT map to the WMAP map and recover the WMAP power spectrum from 250 < l < 1150. The power beyond the Silk damping tail of the CMB (l similar to 5000) is consistent with models of the emission from point sources. We quantify the contribution of SZ clusters to the power spectrum by fitting to a model normalized to sigma(8) = 0.8. We constrain the model's amplitude A(SZ) < 1.63 (95% CL). If interpreted as a measurement of sigma(8), this implies sigma(SZ)(8) < 0.86 (95% CL) given our SZ model. A fit of ACT and WMAP five-year data jointly to a six-parameter Lambda CDM model plus point sources and the SZ effect is consistent with these results. C1 [Fowler, J. W.; Appel, J. W.; Das, S.; Dunkley, J.; Essinger-Hileman, T.; Fisher, R. P.; Hajian, A.; Hincks, A. D.; Lau, J. M.; Limon, M.; Martocci, K.; Niemack, M. D.; Page, L. A.; Parker, L.; Reid, B.; Staggs, S. T.; Switzer, E. R.; Zhao, Y.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Acquaviva, V.; Das, S.; Dunkley, J.; Hajian, A.; Lin, Y. -T.; Lupton, R. H.; Marriage, T. A.; Spergel, D. N.; Trac, H.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Acquaviva, V.; Hughes, J. P.; Menanteau, F.; Sehgal, N.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Mauskopf, P.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Aguirre, P.; Barrientos, L. F.; Duenner, R.; Infante, L.; Juin, J. B.; Lin, Y. -T.; Quintana, H.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Amiri, M.; Battistelli, E. S.; Burger, B.; Halpern, M.; Hasselfield, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Battistelli, E. S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Bond, J. R.; Nolta, M. R.; Sievers, J.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Brown, B.; Kosowsky, A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Chervenak, J.; Moseley, H.; Wollack, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Das, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Devlin, M. J.; Dicker, S. R.; Kaul, M.; Klein, J.; Limon, M.; Marsden, D.; Swetz, D. S.; Thornton, R.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Niemack, M. D.; Swetz, D. S.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dunkley, J.; Hlozek, R.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Hernandez-Monteagudo, C.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Hilton, M.; Moodley, K.; Warne, R.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, Sch Math Sci, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Hilton, M.; Moodley, K.] CSIR Campus, Ctr High Performance Comp, Cape Town, South Africa. [Huffenberger, K. M.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Hughes, D. H.] INAOE, Puebla, Mexico. [Jimenez, R.; Reid, B.; Verde, L.] Univ Barcelona, ICREA, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Jimenez, R.; Reid, B.; Verde, L.] Univ Barcelona, ICC, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Lau, J. M.; Sehgal, N.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lau, J. M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Limon, M.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Lin, Y. -T.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Martocci, K.; Switzer, E. R.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Partridge, B.] Haverford Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Thornton, R.] W Chester Univ Penn, Dept Phys, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. [Trac, H.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wilson, G.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Fowler, JW (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Trac, Hy/N-8838-2014; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; Moseley, Harvey/D-5069-2012; Klein, Jeffrey/E-3295-2013; Spergel, David/A-4410-2011; Hilton, Matthew James/N-5860-2013 OI Trac, Hy/0000-0001-6778-3861; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074; Verde, Licia/0000-0003-2601-8770; FU ACT; NASA [NNX08AH30G]; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); NSF [AST-0546035, AST-0606975]; FONDAP Centro de Astrofisica; CONICYT; MECESUP; Fundacion Andes; NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0114422]; South African National Research Foundation (NRF); Meraka Institute via funding for the South African Centre for High Performance Computing (CHPC); South African Square Kilometer Array (SKA) Project; RCUK; Rhodes Trust; Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics; World Premier International Research Center Initiative, MEXT, Japan FX The ACT project was proposed in 2000 and funded on 2004 January 1. Many have contributed to the project since its inception. We especially thank Asad Aboobaker, Christine Allen, Dominic Benford, Paul Bode, Kristen Burgess, Angelica de Oliveira-Costa, Peter Hargrave, Norm Jarosik, Amber Miller, Carl Reintsema, Felipe Rojas, Uros Seljak, Martin Spergel, Johannes Staghun, Carl Stahle, Max Tegmark, Masao Uehara, Katerina Visnjic, and Ed Wishnow. It is a pleasure to acknowledge Bob Margolis, ACT's project manager. Reed Plimpton and David Jacobson worked at the telescope during the 2008 season. ACT is on the Chajnantor Science preserve, which was made possible by the Chilean Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica. We are grateful for the assistance we received at various times from the ALMA, APEX, ASTE, CBI/QUIET, and NANTEN2 groups. The ATCA team kindly provided the positions of their 20 GHz sources prior to publication. The PWV data come from the public APEX weather Web site. Field operations were based at the Don Esteban facility run by Astro-Norte. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank the members of our external advisory board-Tom Herbig (chair), Charles Alcock, Walter Gear, Cliff Jackson, Amy Newbury, and Paul Steinhardt-who helped guide the project to fruition.; This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards AST-0408698 for the ACT project, and PHY-0355328, AST-0707731, and PIRE-0507768. Funding was also provided by Princeton University and the University of Pennsylvania. The PIRE program made possible exchanges between Chile, South Africa, Spain, and the US that enabled this research program. Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence, and the University of Toronto.; V. A., S. D., A. H., and T. M. were supported through NASA grant NNX08AH30G. A. D. H. received additional support from a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) PGS-D scholarship. A. K. and B. P. were partially supported through NSF AST-0546035 and AST-0606975, respectively, for work on ACT. H. Q. and L. I. acknowledge partial support from FONDAP Centro de Astrofisica. R. D. was supported by CONICYT, MECESUP, and Fundacion Andes. E. S. acknowledges support by NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics. K. M., M. H., and R. W. received financial support from the South African National Research Foundation (NRF), the Meraka Institute via funding for the South African Centre for High Performance Computing (CHPC), and the South African Square Kilometer Array (SKA) Project. J.D. received support from an RCUK Fellowship. R. H. received funding from the Rhodes Trust. S. D. acknowledges support from the Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics. Y.T.L. acknowledges support from the World Premier International Research Center Initiative, MEXT, Japan. The data will be made public through LAMBDA (http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/) and the ACTWeb site (http://www.physics.princeton.edu/act/). NR 72 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 2 BP 1148 EP 1161 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/2/1148 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678LK UT WOS:000284075400014 ER PT J AU Vanderlinde, K Crawford, TM de Haan, T Dudley, JP Shaw, L Ade, PAR Aird, KA Benson, BA Bleem, LE Brodwin, M Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Crites, AT Desai, S Dobbs, MA Foley, RJ George, EM Gladders, MD Hall, NR Halverson, NW High, FW Holder, GP Holzapfel, WL Hrubes, JD Joy, M Keisler, R Knox, L Lee, AT Leitch, EM Loehr, A Lueker, M Marrone, DP McMahon, JJ Mehl, J Meyer, SS Mohr, JJ Montroy, TE Ngeow, CC Padin, S Plagge, T Pryke, C Reichardt, CL Rest, A Ruel, J Ruhl, JE Schaffer, KK Shirokoff, E Song, J Spieler, HG Stalder, B Staniszewski, Z Stark, AA Stubbs, CW van Engelen, A Vieira, JD Williamson, R Yang, Y Zahn, O Zenteno, A AF Vanderlinde, K. Crawford, T. M. de Haan, T. Dudley, J. P. Shaw, L. Ade, P. A. R. Aird, K. A. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Crites, A. T. Desai, S. Dobbs, M. A. Foley, R. J. George, E. M. Gladders, M. D. Hall, N. R. Halverson, N. W. High, F. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hrubes, J. D. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Loehr, A. Lueker, M. Marrone, D. P. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Ngeow, C. -C. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, A. Ruel, J. Ruhl, J. E. Schaffer, K. K. Shirokoff, E. Song, J. Spieler, H. G. Stalder, B. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, A. A. Stubbs, C. W. van Engelen, A. Vieira, J. D. Williamson, R. Yang, Y. Zahn, O. Zenteno, A. TI GALAXY CLUSTERS SELECTED WITH THE SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT FROM 2008 SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; galaxies: clusters: general ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; STAR-FORMATION; DARK ENERGY; EXTRAGALACTIC SOURCES; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; SCALING RELATIONS; POWER SPECTRUM; SOURCE CATALOG; RADIO-SOURCES AB We present a detection-significance-limited catalog of 21 Sunyaev-Zel'dovich-selected galaxy clusters. These clusters, along with one unconfirmed candidate, were identified in 178 deg(2) of sky surveyed in 2008 by the South Pole Telescope (SPT) to a depth of 18 mu K arcmin at 150 GHz. Optical imaging from the Blanco Cosmology Survey (BCS) and Magellan telescopes provided photometric (and in some cases spectroscopic) redshift estimates, with catalog redshifts ranging from z = 0.15 to z > 1, with a median z = 0.74. Of the 21 confirmed galaxy clusters, 3 were previously identified as Abell clusters, 3 were presented as SPT discoveries in Staniszewski et al., and 3 were first identified in a recent analysis of BCS data by Menanteau et al.; the remaining 12 clusters are presented for the first time in this work. Simulated observations of the SPT fields predict the sample to be nearly 100% complete above a mass threshold of M-200 approximate to 5 x 10(14) M-circle dot h(-1) at z = 0.6. This completeness threshold pushes to lower mass with increasing redshift, dropping to similar to 4 x 10(14) M-circle dot h(-1) at z = 1. The size and redshift distribution of this catalog are in good agreement with expectations based on our current understanding of galaxy clusters and cosmology. In combination with other cosmological probes, we use this cluster catalog to improve estimates of cosmological parameters. Assuming a standard spatially flat wCDM cosmological model, the addition of our catalog to the WMAP seven-year results yields sigma(8) = 0.81 +/- 0.09 and w = -1.07 +/- 0.29, a similar to 50% improvement in precision on both parameters over WMAP7 alone. C1 [Vanderlinde, K.; de Haan, T.; Dudley, J. P.; Shaw, L.; Dobbs, M. A.; Holder, G. P.; van Engelen, A.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Crawford, T. M.; Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crites, A. T.; Gladders, M. D.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E. M.; Marrone, D. P.; McMahon, J. J.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Padin, S.; Pryke, C.; Schaffer, K. K.; Vieira, J. D.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Crawford, T. M.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Crites, A. T.; Gladders, M. D.; Leitch, E. M.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Padin, S.; Plagge, T.; Pryke, C.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Shaw, L.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.] Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. [Benson, B. A.; George, E. M.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Lueker, M.; Plagge, T.; Reichardt, C. L.; Shirokoff, E.; Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; McMahon, J. J.; Meyer, S. S.; Pryke, C.; Schaffer, K. K.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Keisler, R.; Meyer, S. S.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Brodwin, M.; Foley, R. J.; Loehr, A.; Stalder, B.; Stark, A. A.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Desai, S.; Ngeow, C. -C.; Song, J.; Yang, Y.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hall, N. R.; Knox, L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [High, F. W.; Rest, A.; Ruel, J.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Joy, M.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Lee, A. T.; Spieler, H. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McMahon, J. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mohr, J. J.; Zenteno, A.] Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Mohr, J. J.; Zenteno, A.] Excellence Cluster Universe, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Mohr, J. J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Montroy, T. E.; Ruhl, J. E.; Staniszewski, Z.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Montroy, T. E.; Ruhl, J. E.; Staniszewski, Z.] Case Western Reserve Univ, CERCA, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Ngeow, C. -C.] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Astron, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. RP Vanderlinde, K (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Rue Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. EM keith.vanderlinde@mail.mcgill.ca RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Williamson, Ross/H-1734-2015; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; OI Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; Stark, Antony/0000-0002-2718-9996; Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Williamson, Ross/0000-0002-6945-2975; Marrone, Daniel/0000-0002-2367-1080; Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs; United States Antarctic Program; Raytheon Polar Services Company; NASA Office of Space Science; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ANT-0638937, ANT-0130612, MRI-0723073]; NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0114422]; Kavli Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Quebec Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; KICP; Fermi Fellowship; Clay Fellowship; Hubble Fellowship [HF-51259.01-A]; Keck Foundation; GAAN Fellowship; Miller Institute FX The SPT team gratefully acknowledges the contributions to the design and construction of the telescope by S. Busetti, E. Chauvin, T. Hughes, P. Huntley, and E. Nichols and his team of iron workers. We also thank the National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs, the United States Antarctic Program and the Raytheon Polar Services Company for their support of the project. We are grateful for professional support from the staff of the South Pole station. We thank H.-M. Cho, T. Lanting, J. Leong, W. Lu, M. Runyan, D. Schwan, M. Sharp, and C. Greer for their early contributions to the SPT project and J. Joseph and C. Vu for their contributions to the electronics. We acknowledge S. Alam, W. Barkhouse, S. Bhattacharya, L. Buckley-Greer, S. Hansen, H. Lin, Y-T Lin, C. Smith, and D. Tucker for their contribution to BCS data acquisition, and we acknowledge the DESDM team, which has developed the tools we used to process and calibrate the BCS data; We acknowledge the use of the Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA). Support for LAMBDA is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science. This research was facilitated in part by allocations of time on the COSMOS supercomputer at DAMTP in Cambridge, a UK-CCC facility supported by HEFCE and PPARC. This work is based in part on observations obtained at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, and the Las Campanas Observatory. CTIO is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc., under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (NSF).; The South Pole Telescope is supported by the National Science Foundation through grants ANT-0638937 and ANT-0130612. Partial support is also provided by the NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Kavli Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work is supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The McGill group acknowledges funding from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Quebec Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies, and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. Partial support was provided by NSF grant MRI-0723073. The following individuals acknowledge additional support: A. L. and B. S. from the Brinson Foundation, B. A. B. and K. K. S. from KICP Fellowships, J.J.M. from a Fermi Fellowship, R.J.F. from a Clay Fellowship, D. P. M. from Hubble Fellowship grant HF-51259.01-A, M. B. from the Keck Foundation, Z.S. from a GAAN Fellowship, and A. T. L. from the Miller Institute NR 85 TC 214 Z9 215 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 2 BP 1180 EP 1196 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/2/1180 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678LK UT WOS:000284075400017 ER PT J AU Fuentes, CI Holman, MJ Trilling, DE Protopapas, P AF Fuentes, Cesar I. Holman, Matthew J. Trilling, David E. Protopapas, Pavlos TI TRANS-NEPTUNIAN OBJECTS WITH HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE ACS/WFC SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE celestial mechanics; Kuiper Belt: general; methods: observational; planets and satellites: formation; surveys ID KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; BODIES; SEARCH AB We introduce a novel search technique that can identify trans-Neptunian objects in three to five exposures of a pointing within a single Hubble Space Telescope (HST) orbit. The process is fast enough to allow the discovery of candidates soon after the data are available. This allows sufficient time to schedule follow-up observations with HST within a month. We report the discovery of 14 slow-moving objects found within 5 degrees of the ecliptic in archival data taken with the Wide Field Channel of the Advanced Camera for Surveys. The luminosity function of these objects is consistent with previous ground-based and space-based results. We show evidence that the size distribution of both high and low inclination populations is similar for objects smaller than 100 km, as expected from collisional evolution models, while their size distribution differs for brighter objects. We suggest that the two populations formed in different parts of the protoplanetary disk and after being dynamically mixed have collisionally evolved together. Among the objects discovered there is an equal-mass binary with an angular separation similar to 0 ''.53. C1 [Fuentes, Cesar I.; Holman, Matthew J.; Protopapas, Pavlos] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fuentes, Cesar I.; Trilling, David E.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Fuentes, CI (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM cfuentes@cfa.harvard.edu RI Fuentes, Cesar /G-7506-2016 FU Space Telescope Science Institute [11778]; NASA [NAS 5-26555] FX Support for program 11778 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 2 BP 1290 EP 1302 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/2/1290 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678LK UT WOS:000284075400025 ER PT J AU Kruse, EA Berger, E Knapp, GR Laskar, T Gunn, JE Loomis, CP Lupton, RH Schlegel, DJ AF Kruse, E. A. Berger, E. Knapp, G. R. Laskar, T. Gunn, J. E. Loomis, C. P. Lupton, R. H. Schlegel, D. J. TI CHROMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY IN SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY M DWARFS. II. SHORT-TIMESCALE H alpha VARIABILITY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: activity; stars: flare; stars: late-type; stars: magnetic field ID SCALE MAGNETIC TOPOLOGIES; FULLY CONVECTIVE STARS; COOL STARS; MID-M; EMISSION; ROTATION; SAMPLE; RADIO AB We present the first comprehensive study of short-timescale chromospheric H alpha variability in M dwarfs using the individual 15 minute spectroscopic exposures for 52,392 objects from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our sample contains about 10(3)-10(4) objects per spectral type bin in the range M0-M9, with a typical number of three exposures per object (ranging up to a maximum of 30 exposures). Using this extensive data set, we find that about 16% of the sources exhibit H alpha emission in at least one exposure, and of those about 45% exhibit H alpha emission in all of the available exposures. As in previous studies of H alpha activity (L(H alpha)/L(bol)), we find a rapid increase in the fraction of active objects from M0-M6. However, we find a subsequent decline in later spectral types that we attribute to our use of the individual spectra. Similarly, we find saturated activity at a level of L(H alpha)/L(bol) approximate to 10(-3.6) for spectral types M0-M5 followed by a decline to about 10(-4.3) in the range M7-M9. Within the sample of objects with H alpha emission, only 26% are consistent with non-variable emission, independent of spectral type. The H alpha variability, quantified in terms of the ratio of maximum to minimum H alpha equivalent width (R(EW)), exhibits a rapid rise from M0 to M5, followed by a plateau and a possible decline in M9 objects. In particular, variability with R(EW) greater than or similar to 10 is only observed in objects later than M5, and survival analysis indicates a probability of less than or similar to 0.1% that the R(EW) values for M0-M4 and M5-M9 are drawn from the same distribution. We further find that for an exponential distribution, the R(EW) values follow N(R(EW)). exp[-(R(EW) - 1)/2.3] for M0-M4 and alpha exp[-(R(EW) - 1)/2.9] for M5-M9. Finally, comparing objects with persistent and intermittent H alpha emission, we find that the latter exhibit greater variability. Based on these results, we conclude that H alpha variability in M dwarfs on timescales of 15 minutes to 1 hr increases with later spectral type, and that the variability is larger for intermittent sources. C1 [Kruse, E. A.; Berger, E.; Laskar, T.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Knapp, G. R.; Gunn, J. E.; Loomis, C. P.; Lupton, R. H.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Schlegel, D. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kruse, EA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU Harvard College; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England FX We thank Fergal Mullally and Steve Bickerton for assistance with obtaining the individual SDSS spectra. E.A.K acknowledges financial support from the Harvard College Program for Research in Science and Engineering (PRISE) and the Harvard College Faculty Aide Program. Funding for SDSS and for SDSS-II was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 2 BP 1352 EP 1359 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/2/1352 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678LK UT WOS:000284075400031 ER PT J AU Hollweg, JV Cranmer, SR Chandran, BDG AF Hollweg, Joseph V. Cranmer, Steven R. Chandran, Benjamin D. G. TI CORONAL FARADAY ROTATION FLUCTUATIONS AND A WAVE/TURBULENCE-DRIVEN MODEL OF THE SOLAR WIND SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); solar wind; Sun: corona; turbulence; waves ID AMPLITUDE ALFVEN WAVES; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; INTERPLANETARY PLASMA; HYDROMAGNETIC WAVES; LOW-FREQUENCY; DENSITY-FLUCTUATIONS; CIRCUMSOLAR PLASMA; TRANSITION REGION; HEATING RATE AB Some recent models for coronal heating and the origin of the solar wind postulate that the source of energy and momentum consists of Alfven waves of solar origin dissipating via MHD turbulence. We use one of these models to predict the level of Faraday rotation fluctuations (FRFs) that should be imposed on radio signals passing through the corona. This model has the virtue of specifying the correlation length of the turbulence, knowledge of which is essential for calculating the FRFs; previous comparisons of observed FRFs with models suffered from the fact that the correlation length had to be guessed. We compare the predictions with measurements of FRFs obtained by the Helios radio experiment during occultations in 1975 through 1977, close to solar minimum. We show that only a small fraction of the FRFs are produced by density fluctuations; the bulk of the FRFs must be produced by coronal magnetic field fluctuations. The observed FRFs have periods of hours, suggesting that they are related to Alfven waves which are observed in situ by spacecraft throughout the solar wind; other evidence also suggests that the FRFs are due to coronal Alfven waves. We choose a model field line in an equatorial streamer which has background electron concentrations that match those inferred from the Helios occultation data. The predicted FRFs are found to agree very well with the Helios data. If the FRFs are in fact produced by Alfven waves with the assumed correlation length, our analysis leads us to conclude that wave-turbulence models should continue to be pursued with vigor. But since we cannot prove that the FRFs are produced by Alfven waves, we state the more conservative conclusion, still subject to the correctness of the assumed correlation length, that the corona contains long-period magnetic fluctuations with sufficient energy to heat the corona and drive the solar wind. C1 [Hollweg, Joseph V.; Chandran, Benjamin D. G.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Cranmer, Steven R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chandran, Benjamin D. G.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Hollweg, JV (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Morse Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM joe.hollweg@unh.edu; scranmer@cfa.harvard.edu; benjamin.chandran@unh.edu FU NSF [AGS-0851005, AGS-1003451]; DOE [DE-FG02-07-ER46372]; NASA [NNX07AP65G, NNX08AH52G, NNX09AB27G, NNX10AC11G] FX B.D.G.C. acknowledges the support of NSF grants AGS-0851005 and AGS-1003451, DOE grant DE-FG02-07-ER46372, and NASA grants NNX07AP65G and NNX08AH52G to the University of New Hampshire. S.R.C. acknowledges the support of NASA grants NNX09AB27G and NNX10AC11G. NR 89 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 2 BP 1495 EP 1503 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/2/1495 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678LK UT WOS:000284075400039 ER PT J AU Kozlowski, S Kochanek, CS Stern, D Prieto, JL Stanek, KZ Thompson, TA Assef, RJ Drake, AJ Szczygiel, DM Wozniak, PR Nugent, P Ashby, MLN Beshore, E Brown, MJI Dey, A Griffith, R Harrison, F Jannuzi, BT Larson, S Madsen, K Pilecki, B Pojmanski, G Skowron, J Vestrand, WT Wren, JA AF Kozlowski, Szymon Kochanek, C. S. Stern, D. Prieto, J. L. Stanek, K. Z. Thompson, T. A. Assef, R. J. Drake, A. J. Szczygiel, D. M. Wozniak, P. R. Nugent, P. Ashby, M. L. N. Beshore, E. Brown, M. J. I. Dey, Arjun Griffith, R. Harrison, F. Jannuzi, B. T. Larson, S. Madsen, K. Pilecki, B. Pojmanski, G. Skowron, J. Vestrand, W. T. Wren, J. A. TI SDWFS-MT-1: A SELF-OBSCURED LUMINOUS SUPERNOVA AT z similar or equal to 0.2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: irregular; infrared: galaxies; supernovae: general; supernovae: individual (SDWFS-MT-1, SN 2007va) ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MASS-METALLICITY RELATION; WIDE-FIELD SURVEY; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; H-II REGIONS; INFRARED-EMISSION; ETA-CARINAE AB We report the discovery of a 6 month long mid-infrared transient, SDWFS-MT-1 (aka SN 2007va), in the Spitzer Deep, Wide-Field Survey of the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey Bootes field. The transient, located in a z = 0.19 low-luminosity (M([4.5]) similar or equal to -18.6 mag, L/ L(star) similar or equal to 0.01) metal-poor (12 + log(O/H) similar or equal to 7.8) irregular galaxy, peaked at a mid-infrared absolute magnitude of M([4.5]) similar or equal to -24.2 in the 4.5 mu m Spitzer/IRAC band and emitted a total energy of at least 10(51) erg. The optical emission was likely fainter than the mid-infrared, although our constraints on the optical emission are poor because the transient peaked when the source was "behind" the Sun. The Spitzer data are consistent with emission by a modified blackbody with a temperature of similar to 1350 K. We rule out a number of scenarios for the origin of the transient such as a Galactic star, active galactic nucleus activity, gamma-ray burst, tidal disruption of a star by a black hole, and gravitational lensing. The most plausible scenario is a supernova (SN) exploding inside a massive, optically thick circumstellar medium, composed of multiple shells of previously ejected material. If the proposed scenario is correct, then a significant fraction (similar to 10%) of the most luminous SN may be self-enshrouded by dust not only before but also after the SN occurs. The spectral energy distribution of the progenitor of such an SN would be a slightly cooler version of eta Carinae peaking at 20-30 mu m. C1 [Kozlowski, Szymon; Kochanek, C. S.; Stanek, K. Z.; Thompson, T. A.; Assef, R. J.; Szczygiel, D. M.; Skowron, J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kochanek, C. S.; Stanek, K. Z.; Thompson, T. A.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Stern, D.; Griffith, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Prieto, J. L.] Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Drake, A. J.; Harrison, F.; Madsen, K.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Szczygiel, D. M.; Pilecki, B.; Pojmanski, G.] Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. [Wozniak, P. R.; Vestrand, W. T.; Wren, J. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nugent, P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ashby, M. L. N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Beshore, E.; Larson, S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Brown, M. J. I.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Dey, Arjun; Jannuzi, B. T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Pilecki, B.] Univ Concepcion, Dept Fis, Concepcion, Chile. RP Kozlowski, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM simkoz@astronomy.ohio-state.edu RI Kozlowski, Szymon/G-4799-2013; Skowron, Jan/M-5186-2014; Brown, Michael/B-1181-2015 OI Kozlowski, Szymon/0000-0003-4084-880X; Skowron, Jan/0000-0002-2335-1730; Brown, Michael/0000-0002-1207-9137 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NASA [1310744, HF-51261.01-A, NAS 5-2655, NNG05GF22G]; JPL/Caltech [1314516]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [AST-0908816, AST-0407448, AST-0909182]; National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO) FX We thank the anonymous referee, whose comments helped us to improve the manuscript. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (Caltech) under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Support for this work was provided by NASA through award numbers 1310744 (C.S.K. and S.K.), 1314516 (M.L.N.A.) issued by JPL/Caltech. C.S.K., K.Z.S., T.A.T., and S.K. are also supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant AST-0908816. J.L.P. acknowledges support from NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HF-51261.01-A awarded by STScI, which is operated by AURA, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-2655. This work made use of images and/or data products provided by NDWFS (Jannuzi & Dey 1999). The NDWFS and the research of A.D and B.T.J. are supported by the National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO). NOAO is operated by AURA, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with NSF. The CRTS survey is supported by NSF under grants AST-0407448 and AST-0909182. The CSS survey is funded by NASA under grant no. NNG05GF22G issued through the Science Mission Directorate Near-Earth Objects Observations Program. NR 85 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 2 BP 1624 EP 1632 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/2/1624 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678LK UT WOS:000284075400050 ER PT J AU Wuyts, S Cox, TJ Hayward, CC Franx, M Hernquist, L Hopkins, PF Jonsson, P van Dokkum, PG AF Wuyts, Stijn Cox, Thomas J. Hayward, Christopher C. Franx, Marijn Hernquist, Lars Hopkins, Philip F. Jonsson, Patrik van Dokkum, Pieter G. TI ON SIZES, KINEMATICS, M/L GRADIENTS, AND LIGHT PROFILES OF MASSIVE COMPACT GALAXIES AT z similar to 2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; galaxies: stellar content; galaxies: structure ID HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; STELLAR POPULATION SYNTHESIS; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; LYMAN BREAK GALAXY; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; EXTRA LIGHT; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; DISK GALAXIES AB We present a detailed analysis of the structure and resolved stellar populations of simulated merger remnants, and compare them to observations of compact quiescent galaxies at z similar to 2. We find that major merging is a viable mechanism to produce systems of similar to 10(11) M(circle dot) and similar to 1 kpc size, provided the gas fraction at the time of final coalescence is high (similar to 40%) and provided that the progenitors are compact star-forming galaxies, as expected at high redshift. Their integrated spectral energy distributions and velocity dispersions are in good agreement with the observations, and their position in the (nu(maj)/sigma, epsilon) diagram traces the upper envelope of the distribution of lower redshift early-type galaxies. The simulated merger remnants show time-and sightline-dependent M/L ratio gradients that result from a superposition of radially dependent stellar age, stellar metallicity, and extinction. The median ratio of the effective radius in rest-frame V-band light to that in mass surface density is similar to 2 during the quiescent remnant phase. This is typically expressed by a negative color gradient (i.e., red core), which we expect to correlate with the integrated color of the system. Finally, the simulations differ from the observations in their surface brightness profile shape. The simulated remnants are typically best fit by high (n >> 4) Sersic indices, whereas observed quiescent galaxies at z similar to 2 tend to be less cuspy (< n > similar to 2.3). Limiting early star formation in the progenitors may be required to prevent the simulated merger remnants from having extended wings. C1 [Wuyts, Stijn; Hayward, Christopher C.; Hernquist, Lars; Jonsson, Patrik] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cox, Thomas J.] Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Franx, Marijn] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Hopkins, Philip F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [van Dokkum, Pieter G.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Wuyts, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Hayward, Christopher/I-4756-2012 OI Hayward, Christopher/0000-0003-4073-3236 FU W. M. Keck Foundation FX S.W. and P.J. gratefully acknowledge support from the W. M. Keck Foundation. NR 109 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 2 BP 1666 EP 1684 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/2/1666 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678LK UT WOS:000284075400054 ER PT J AU Lal, DV Kraft, RP Forman, WR Hardcastle, MJ Jones, C Nulsen, PEJ Evans, DA Croston, JH Lee, JC AF Lal, D. V. Kraft, R. P. Forman, W. R. Hardcastle, M. J. Jones, C. Nulsen, P. E. J. Evans, D. A. Croston, J. H. Lee, J. C. TI A CHANDRA OBSERVATION OF 3C 288-REHEATING THE COOL CORE OF A 3 keV CLUSTER FROM A NUCLEAR OUTBURST at z=0.246 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (3C 288); galaxies: jets; hydrodynamics; intergalactic medium; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY; RADIO-SOURCES; HOT GAS; GASEOUS ATMOSPHERE; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; RICH ENVIRONMENTS; LOW-LUMINOSITY; AGN OUTBURST; COLD FRONTS AB We present results from a 42 ks Chandra/ACIS-S observation of the transitional FR I/FR II radio galaxy 3C 288 at z = 0.246. We detect similar to 3 keV gas extending to a radius of similar to 0.5 Mpc with a 0.5-2.0 keV luminosity of 6.6 x 10(43) erg s(-1), implying that 3C 288 lies at the center of a poor cluster. We find multiple surface brightness discontinuities in the gas indicative of either a shock driven by the inflation of the radio lobes or a recent merger event. The temperature across the discontinuities is roughly constant with no signature of a cool core, thus disfavoring either the merger cold front or sloshing scenarios. We argue therefore that the discontinuities are shocks due to the supersonic inflation of the radio lobes. If they are shocks, the energy of the outburst is similar to 10(60) erg, or roughly 30% of the thermal energy of the gas within the radius of the shock, assuming that the shocks are part of a front produced by a single outburst. The cooling time of the gas is similar to 10(8) yr, so that the energy deposited by the nuclear outburst could have reheated and efficiently disrupted a cool core. C1 [Lal, D. V.; Kraft, R. P.; Forman, W. R.; Jones, C.; Nulsen, P. E. J.; Evans, D. A.; Lee, J. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hardcastle, M. J.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Evans, D. A.] MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Croston, J. H.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1SJ, Hants, England. RP Lal, DV (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012; Lee, Julia/G-2381-2015; OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117; Lee, Julia/0000-0002-7336-3588; Nulsen, Paul/0000-0003-0297-4493 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [GO8-9111X, NAS8-03060]; Royal Society FX We thank the anonymous referee for suggestions and criticisms which improved the paper. D. V. L. thanks R. Johnson and M. Machacek for many helpful conversations. Support for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Chandra Award Number GO8-9111X issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. This research has made use of software provided by the Chandra X-ray Center in the application packages CIAO and Sherpa. M.J.H. thanks the Royal Society for a research fellowship. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 2 BP 1735 EP 1743 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/2/1735 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678LK UT WOS:000284075400061 ER PT J AU Berger, E AF Berger, E. TI A SHORT GAMMA-RAY BURST "NO-HOST" PROBLEM? INVESTIGATING LARGE PROGENITOR OFFSETS FOR SHORT GRBs WITH OPTICAL AFTERGLOWS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: general ID GALAXY LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; NEUTRON-STAR BINARIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT; EXTENDED EMISSION; FORMATION RATES; LIGHT CURVES; JET BREAKS; SWIFT; MERGERS; CONSTRAINTS AB We investigate the afterglow properties and large-scale environments of several short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with subarcsecond optical afterglow positions but no bright coincident host galaxies. The purpose of this joint study is to robustly assess the possibility of significant offsets, a hallmark of the compact object binary merger model. Five such events exist in the current sample of 20 short bursts with optical afterglows, and we find that their optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray emission are systematically fainter. These differences may be due to lower circumburst densities (by about an order of magnitude), to higher redshifts (by Delta z approximate to 0.5-1), or to lower energies (by about a factor of 3), although in the standard GRB model the smaller gamma-ray fluences cannot be explained by lower densities. To study the large-scale environments, we use deep optical observations to place limits on underlying hosts and to determine probabilities of chance coincidence for galaxies near each burst. In four of the five cases, the lowest probabilities of chance coincidence (P(< delta R) similar to 0.1) are associated with bright galaxies at separations of delta R similar to 10 '', while somewhat higher probabilities of chance coincidence are associated with faint galaxies at separations of similar to 2 ''. By measuring redshifts for the brighter galaxies in three cases (z = 0.111, 0.473, 0.403), we find physical offsets of approximate to 30-75 kpc, while for the faint hosts the assumption of z greater than or similar to 1 leads to offsets of similar to 15 kpc. Alternatively, the limits at the burst positions (greater than or similar to 26 mag) can be explained by typical short GRB host galaxies (L approximate to 0.1-1 L*) at z greater than or similar to 2-3. Thus, two possibilities exist: (1) similar to 1/4 of short GRBs explode similar to 50 kpc or similar to 15 kpc from the centers of z >= 0.3 or z greater than or similar to 1 galaxies, respectively, and have fainter afterglows due to the resulting lower densities; or (2) similar to 1/4 of short GRBs occur at z greater than or similar to 2 and have fainter afterglows due to their higher redshifts. The high-redshift scenario leads to a bimodal redshift distribution, with peaks at z similar to 0.5 and z similar to 3. The large offset scenario leads to an offset distribution that is well matched by theoretical predictions of NS-NS/NS-BH binary kicks, or by a hybrid population with globular cluster NS-NS binaries at large offsets and primordial binaries at offsets of less than or similar to 10 kpc (indicative of negligible kicks). Deeper constraints on any coincident galaxies to greater than or similar to 28 mag (using the Hubble Space Telescope) will allow us to better exclude the high-redshift scenario. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Berger, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU Swift [5080010] FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with Alicia Soderberg, Ryan Chornock, and Josh Grindlay. This work was partially supported by Swift AO5 grant number 5080010, and made use of data supplied by the UK Swift Science Data Centre at the University of Leicester. NR 86 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 2 BP 1946 EP 1961 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/2/1946 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678LK UT WOS:000284075400077 ER PT J AU Piconcelli, E Vignali, C Bianchi, S Mathur, S Fiore, F Guainazzi, M Lanzuisi, G Maiolino, R Nicastro, F AF Piconcelli, Enrico Vignali, Cristian Bianchi, Stefano Mathur, Smita Fiore, Fabrizio Guainazzi, Matteo Lanzuisi, Giorgio Maiolino, Roberto Nicastro, Fabrizio TI WITNESSING THE KEY EARLY PHASE OF QUASAR EVOLUTION: AN OBSCURED ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS PAIR IN THE INTERACTING GALAXY IRAS 20210+1121 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: interactions; galaxies: nuclei; X-rays: individual (IRAS 20210+1121) ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; XMM-NEWTON; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; CENTRAL ENGINE; MU-M; MERGERS; AGN; EMISSION; GROWTH AB We report the discovery of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) pair in the interacting galaxy system IRAS 20210+1121 at z = 0.056. An XMM-Newton observation reveals the presence of an obscured (N-H similar to 5 x 10(23) cm(-2)), Seyfert-like (L-2-10 keV = 4.7 x 10(42) erg s(-1)) nucleus in the northern galaxy, which lacks unambiguous optical AGN signatures. Our spectral analysis also provides strong evidence that the IR-luminous southern galaxy hosts a Type 2 quasar embedded in a bright starburst emission. In particular, the X-ray primary continuum from the nucleus appears totally depressed in the XMM-Newton band as expected in the case of a Compton-thick absorber, and only the emission produced by Compton scattering ("reflection") of the continuum from circumnuclear matter is seen. As such, IRAS 20210+1121 seems to provide an excellent opportunity to witness a key, early phase in the quasar evolution predicted by the theoretical models of quasar activation by galaxy collisions. C1 [Piconcelli, Enrico; Fiore, Fabrizio; Maiolino, Roberto; Nicastro, Fabrizio] Osservatorio Astron Roma INAF, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [Vignali, Cristian] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Bianchi, Stefano] Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Fis, I-00146 Rome, Italy. [Mathur, Smita] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Guainazzi, Matteo] European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, E-28691 Madrid, Spain. [Lanzuisi, Giorgio] IASF INAF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Nicastro, Fabrizio] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02155 USA. [Nicastro, Fabrizio] Fdn Res & Technol, IESL, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. RP Piconcelli, E (reprint author), Osservatorio Astron Roma INAF, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Rome, Italy. EM enrico.piconcelli@oa-roma.inaf.it RI Bianchi, Stefano/B-4804-2010; Vignali, Cristian/J-4974-2012; Lanzuisi, Giorgio/K-4378-2013; OI Bianchi, Stefano/0000-0002-4622-4240; Vignali, Cristian/0000-0002-8853-9611; Lanzuisi, Giorgio/0000-0001-9094-0984; Nicastro, Fabrizio/0000-0002-6896-1364; piconcelli, enrico/0000-0001-9095-2782; Fiore, Fabrizio/0000-0002-4031-4157 FU ASI/INAF [I/088/06/0]; NASA [NNX09AP39G]; ESA FX E. P., C. V., and S. B. acknowledge support under ASI/INAF contract I/088/06/0. F.N. acknowledges support from the XMM-Newton-NASA grant NNX09AP39G. Based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and NASA. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD OCT 20 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 2 BP L147 EP L151 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/722/2/L147 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 663SI UT WOS:000282909200005 ER PT J AU Tarasick, DW Jin, JJ Fioletov, VE Liu, G Thompson, AM Oltmans, SJ Liu, J Sioris, CE Liu, X Cooper, OR Dann, T Thouret, V AF Tarasick, D. W. Jin, J. J. Fioletov, V. E. Liu, G. Thompson, A. M. Oltmans, S. J. Liu, J. Sioris, C. E. Liu, X. Cooper, O. R. Dann, T. Thouret, V. TI High-resolution tropospheric ozone fields for INTEX and ARCTAS from IONS ozonesondes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; TRAJECTORIES; TRANSPORT; MODEL; CLIMATOLOGY; VALIDATION; ACCURACY; TRENDS; CANADA AB The IONS-04, IONS-06, and ARC-IONS ozone sounding campaigns over North America in 2004, 2006, and 2008 obtained approximately 1400 profiles, in five series of coordinated and closely spaced (typically daily) launches. Although this coverage is unprecedented, it is still somewhat sparse in its geographical spacing. Here we use forward and back trajectory calculations for each sounding to map ozone measurements to a number of other locations and so to fill in the spatial domain. This is possible because the lifetime of ozone in the troposphere is of the order of weeks. The trajectory-mapped ozone values show reasonable agreement, where they overlap, to the actual soundings, and the patterns produced separately by forward and backward trajectory calculations are similar. Comparisons with MOZAIC profiles and surface station data show generally good agreement. A variable-length smoothing algorithm is used to fill data gaps: for each point on the map, the smoothing radius is such that a minimum of 10 data points are included in the average. The total tropospheric ozone column maps calculated by integrating the smoothed fields agree well with similar maps derived from TOMS and OMI/MLS measurements. The resulting three-dimensional picture of the tropospheric ozone field for the INTEX and ARCTAS periods facilitates visualization and comparison of different years and seasons and will be useful to other researchers. C1 [Tarasick, D. W.; Fioletov, V. E.; Liu, G.; Liu, J.; Sioris, C. E.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Jin, J. J.] York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Thompson, A. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Liu, X.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Liu, X.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cooper, O. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cooper, O. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dann, T.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Ottawa, ON K1V 1C7, Canada. [Thouret, V.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, CNRS, Lab Aerol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. RP Tarasick, DW (reprint author), Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM david.tarasick@ec.gc.ca RI Jin, Jianjun/G-8357-2012; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692; Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Fioletov, Vitali/0000-0002-2731-5956; Sioris, Christopher/0000-0003-1168-8755 FU Environment Canada; NOAA; NASA; U.S. EPA; Max Plank Institute for Chemistry, Mainz; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Valparaiso University; University of Rhode Island; California Department of Energy; California Air Resources Board; ExxonMobil Canada; European Commission; INSU-CNRS (France); Meteo-France; Forschungszentrum Julich (Germany); ETHER (CNES and INSU-CNRS); Airbus; Lufthansa airlines; Austrian airlines; Air France airlines FX We thank the many observers who obtained the measurements at the sites used in this study. Their careful work is gratefully acknowledged. We thank J. Witte, who archived all of the IONS data in near-real time. We also thank J. Davies, R. Mittermeier, and T. Mathews for assistance with data processing. Data were obtained from the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Center (WOUDC) operated by Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, under the auspices of the World Meteorological Organization. Funding of the IONS ozonesondes was provided by Environment Canada; NOAA; NASA; U.S. EPA; Max Plank Institute for Chemistry, Mainz; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Valparaiso University; the University of Rhode Island; the California Department of Energy; the California Air Resources Board; and the Friends of the Green Horse Society via a grant from ExxonMobil Canada. The authors also acknowledge the strong support of the European Commission, Airbus, and the airlines (Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France) who carry and maintain the MOZAIC equipment free of charge since 1994. MOZAIC is presently funded by INSU-CNRS (France), Meteo-France, and Forschungszentrum Julich (Germany). The MOZAIC data base is supported by ETHER (CNES and INSU-CNRS). NR 56 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 19 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D20301 DI 10.1029/2009JD012918 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 671XA UT WOS:000283545900001 ER PT J AU Rabl, P AF Rabl, P. TI Cooling of mechanical motion with a two-level system: The high-temperature regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICLASSICAL THEORY; GROUND-STATE; TRAPPED IONS; RESONATOR; LASER; OSCILLATOR; CAVITY; RESOLUTION; WAVE AB We analyze cooling of a nanomechanical resonator coupled to a dissipative solid-state two-level system focusing on the regime of high initial temperatures. We derive an effective Fokker-Planck equation for the mechanical mode which accounts for saturation and other nonlinear effects and allows us to study the cooling dynamics of the resonator mode for arbitrary occupation numbers. We find a degrading of the cooling rates and eventually a breakdown of cooling at very high initial temperatures and discuss the dependence of these effects on various system parameters. Our results apply to most solid-state systems which have been proposed for cooling a mechanical resonator including quantum dots, superconducting qubits, and electronic spin qubits. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rabl, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Rabl, Peter/F-2810-2012 OI Rabl, Peter/0000-0002-2560-8835 FU NSF FX The author thanks I. Wilson-Rae, S. Kolkowitz, As. Jayich, M. Lukin, and J. Harris for stimulating discussions and valuable feedback on this project. This work is supported by the NSF through a grant for the Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics at Harvard University and Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 18 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 16 AR 165320 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.165320 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 665QQ UT WOS:000283051000005 ER PT J AU Zimmermann, B Papritz, A Elsenbeer, H AF Zimmermann, Beate Papritz, Andreas Elsenbeer, Helmut TI Asymmetric response to disturbance and recovery: Changes of soil permeability under forest-pasture-forest transitions SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Land-use change; Pasture; Secondary forest; Soil hydrology; Infiltrability; Saturated hydraulic conductivity ID SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; LAND-USE CHANGES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; TROPICAL FOREST; EASTERN AMAZONIA; OVERLAND-FLOW; NEW-ZEALAND; DEFORESTATION; CATTLE; RUNOFF AB In the humid tropics, continuing high deforestation rates are seen alongside an increasing expansion of secondary forests. In order to understand and model the consequences of these dynamic land-use changes for regional water cycles, the response of soil hydraulic properties to forest disturbance and recovery has to be quantified. At a site in the Brazilian Amazonia, we annually monitored soil infiltrability and saturated hydraulic conductivity (K(s)) at 12.5, 20 cm, and 50 cm soil depth after manual forest conversion to pasture (year zero to four after pasture establishment), and during secondary succession after pasture abandonment (year zero to seven after pasture abandonment). We evaluated the hydrological consequences of the detected changes by comparing the soil hydraulic properties with site-specific rainfall intensities and hydrometric observations. Within one year after grazing started, infiltrability and K(s) at 12.5 and 20 cm depth decreased by up to one order of magnitude to levels which are typical for 20-year-old pasture. In the three subsequent monitoring years, infiltrability and K(s) remained stable. Land use did not impact on subsoil permeability. Whereas infiltrability values are large enough to allow all rainwater to infiltrate even after the conversion, the sudden decline of near-surface K(s) is of hydrological relevance as perched water tables and overland flow occur more often on pastures than in forests at our study site. After pasture abandonment and during secondary succession, seven years of recovery did not suffice to significantly increase infiltrability and K(s) at 12.5 depth although a slight recovery is obvious. At 20 cm soil depth, we detected a positive linear increase within the seven-year time frame but annual means did not differ significantly. Although more than a doubling of infiltrability and K(s) is still required to achieve pre-disturbance levels, which will presumably take more than a decade, the observed slight increases of K(s) might already decrease the probability of perched water table generation and overland flow development well before complete recovery. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zimmermann, Beate] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Zimmermann, Beate; Elsenbeer, Helmut] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, Potsdam, Germany. [Papritz, Andreas] ETH, Inst Terr Ecosyst, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Zimmermann, B (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM bzimmer@uni-potsdam.de; andreas.papritz@env.ethz.ch; helsenb@uni-potsdam.de RI Zimmermann, Beate/B-5164-2012; OI Papritz, Andreas/0000-0002-6870-4747 FU HSBC FX B. Zimmermann acknowledges partial support from the HSBC Climate Partnership. NR 55 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 159 IS 1-2 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.07.013 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 663ZR UT WOS:000282929200022 ER PT J AU Hoke, KL Ryan, MJ Wilczynski, W AF Hoke, Kim L. Ryan, Michael J. Wilczynski, Walter TI Sexually dimorphic sensory gating drives behavioral differences in tungara frogs SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immediate-early genes; Physalaemus pustulosus; tungara frog; sensorimotor transformation; sex differences; acoustic communication ID SEX-DIFFERENCES; RECEIVER PERMISSIVENESS; AUDITORY MIDBRAIN; BRAIN; SONGBIRDS; PHEROMONE; CIRCUIT; SONG AB Males and females can differ both in the social behaviors they perform and in the contexts in which they engage in these behaviors. One possible mechanism of sex differences in behavior is a sexual dimorphism in the relay of sensory information to motor areas, but no studies have examined the role of such a relay in vertebrate sexually dimorphic behaviors. We used egr-1 expression as a marker of neural activation in frogs exposed to conspecific and heterospecific acoustic signals to compare activation patterns throughout the brains of males and females. We determined how the sexes differ in the transformation of social signals into motor responses in the context of social communication. We examined the relationships between egr-1 mRNA levels in the auditory midbrain and forebrain areas, as well as how forebrain expression related to the behavioral responses of the animals. Forebrain network activation patterns and forebrain-behavior relationships were similar in males and females. By contrast, we found a sex difference in the relationship between midbrain and forebrain activation; midbrain auditory responses predicted forebrain responses in females but not in males. This sex difference suggests that sensory inputs differentially regulate motor systems underlying social behaviors in males and females. This sensorimotor transformation may be a common locus for generating sex differences in behavior. C1 [Hoke, Kim L.; Ryan, Michael J.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ryan, Michael J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Wilczynski, Walter] Georgia State Univ, Inst Neurosci, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Wilczynski, Walter] Georgia State Univ, Ctr Behav Neurosci, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. RP Hoke, KL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, 1878 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kim.hoke@colostate.edu FU American Association of University Women; National Science Foundation [IRCEB 0078150, IOS 0940466]; NIH FX We thank Ryan Taylor and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute for logistical support in Panama, and the American Association of University Women and the National Science Foundation (IRCEB 0078150 and IOS 0940466) for funding. W. W. is an NIH-funded researcher. Deposited in PMC for release after 12 months. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 213 IS 20 BP 3463 EP 3472 DI 10.1242/jeb.043992 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 659BK UT WOS:000282541800010 PM 20889827 ER PT J AU Hong, T AF Hong, Terry TI Dream of Ding Village SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Hong, Terry] Smithsonian BookDragon, Washington, DC USA. RP Hong, T (reprint author), Smithsonian BookDragon, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 135 IS 17 BP 70 EP 70 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 670WC UT WOS:000283457000075 ER PT J AU Nunes, DC Smrekar, SE Safaeinili, A Holt, J Phillips, RJ Seu, R Campbell, B AF Nunes, Daniel Cahn Smrekar, Suzanne E. Safaeinili, Ali Holt, John Phillips, Roger J. Seu, Roberto Campbell, Bruce TI Examination of gully sites on Mars with the shallow radar SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL FORMATION MECHANISMS; MARTIAN GULLIES; NEAR-SURFACE; WATER; ICE; DEPOSITS; AGE; STRATIGRAPHY; CONSTRAINTS; SUBSURFACE AB Martian gullies, found on steep slopes along broad mid-latitudinal bands, have morphologies resembling those of water-carved gullies on Earth and have been dated to <10 Ma. As such, one of the leading hypotheses, though not unique, is that martian gullies formed by the flow of liquid water in the very recent geologic past. Since the permittivity of liquid water is about one order of magnitude higher than that of most silicates, it is plausible that subsurface geologic interfaces involving liquid water may be detected via ground penetrating radar. We have surveyed a substantive portion of the martian gully population with data from the Shallow Radar (SHARAD) instrument, on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), in search of strong subsurface radar reflections indicative of the presence of liquid water reservoirs, which would serve as sources to the flows occurring within gullies. No such reflections are found at most of the locations surveyed, suggesting that either liquid water is not likely present in detectable amounts or that the shallow martian subsurface is unusually electrically conductive (i.e., lossy) at all of the locations examined. Strong subsurface reflections occur in the vicinity of gullies at two locations in the northern lowlands: Arcadia and southeastern Utopia Planitiae. In both cases, the reflectors occur at a range in depth of 45 to 90 m, considering a range in permittivity of 3 to 10, and -20 to -30 dB weaker than the surface reflection. In the case or Arcadia, the reflector corresponds to the eastern edge of Plaut et al.'s (2009) extensive radar subsurface unit; in both Arcadia and Utopia we interpret the reflectors as ground ice. Though our results offer a general assessment of the gully population, SHARAD is continuing its survey of gully rich locations. C1 [Nunes, Daniel Cahn; Smrekar, Suzanne E.; Safaeinili, Ali] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Holt, John] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Phillips, Roger J.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Seu, Roberto] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento INFOCOM, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Campbell, Bruce] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Nunes, DC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 183-301, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. EM Daniel.Nunes@jpl.nasa.gov RI Holt, John/C-4896-2009 FU Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter project; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work is dedicated to the memory of our colleague and friend Ali Safaeinili, who was a superb radar scientist and a true gentleman. The authors would like to recognize the efforts of the entire SHARAD team in operating the instruments and in various scientific discussions. DCN would like to thank the support from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter project, Jennifer Heldmann and Nathan Bridges for sharing their gully databases, and Jeff Plaut for his comments. The manuscript benefited from the constructive input from two anonymous reviewers. This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD OCT 12 PY 2010 VL 115 AR E10004 DI 10.1029/2009JE003509 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 666DU UT WOS:000283092900001 ER PT J AU Pritchard, JR Loeb, A Wyithe, JSB AF Pritchard, Jonathan R. Loeb, Abraham Wyithe, J. Stuart B. TI Constraining reionization using 21-cm observations in combination with CMB and Ly alpha forest data SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: high-redshift; intergalactic medium; cosmology: theory; diffuse radiation ID TEMPERATURE-DENSITY RELATION; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIZATION; REDSHIFT INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; COSMIC STAR-FORMATION; HYDROGEN REIONIZATION; IONIZING EMISSIVITY; IONIZATION RATE; BUBBLE-GROWTH; HII-REGIONS; EPOCH AB In this paper, we explore the constraints on the reionization history that are provided by current observations of the Ly alpha forest and the cosmic microwave background. Rather than using a particular semi-analytic model, we take the novel approach of parametrizing the ionizing sources with arbitrary functions and perform likelihood analyses to constrain possible reionization histories. We find model-independent conclusions that reionization is likely to be mostly complete by z = 8 and that the intergalactic medium was 50 per cent ionized at z = 9-10. Upcoming low-frequency observations of the redshifted 21-cm line of neutral hydrogen are expected to place significantly better constraints on the hydrogen neutral fraction at 6 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 12. We use our constraints on the reionization history to predict the likely amplitude of the 21-cm power spectrum and show that observations with the highest signal-to-noise ratio will most likely be made at frequencies corresponding to z = 9-10. This result provides an important guide to the upcoming 21-cm observations. Finally, we assess the impact that measurement of the neutral fraction will have on our knowledge of reionization and the early source population. Our results show that a single measurement of the neutral fraction mid-way through the reionization era will significantly enhance our knowledge of the entire reionization history. C1 [Pritchard, Jonathan R.; Loeb, Abraham] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wyithe, J. Stuart B.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. RP Pritchard, JR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, MS-51,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jpritchard@cfa.harvard.edu OI Wyithe, Stuart/0000-0001-7956-9758; Pritchard, Jonathan/0000-0003-4127-5353 FU Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA [NAS 5-26555]; NSF [AST-0907890]; NASA Lunar Science Institute [NNA09DB30A]; Australian Research Council FX JRP would like to thank Jamie Bolton, Claude-Andre Faucher-Giguere, Steven Furlanetto and Adam Lidz for comments on an earlier draft and MPA for their hospitality where part of this work was completed. JRP is supported by NASA through the Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF-01211.01-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. AL acknowledges funding from the NSF grant AST-0907890 and from the NASA Lunar Science Institute (via Cooperative Agreement NNA09DB30A). JSBW is supported by the Australian Research Council. NR 74 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 11 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 1 BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17150.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 666MA UT WOS:000283118100006 ER PT J AU Birnboim, Y Keshet, U Hernquist, L AF Birnboim, Yuval Keshet, Uri Hernquist, Lars TI Cold fronts by merging of shocks SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE shock waves; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: haloes; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID GALAXY CLUSTERS; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; CHANDRA OBSERVATION; GASEOUS ATMOSPHERE; VIRIAL RADIUS; BLACK-HOLES; SAMPLE; GAS; TEMPERATURE; PROFILES AB Cold fronts (CFs) are found in most galaxy clusters, as well as in some galaxies and groups of galaxies. We propose that some CFs are relics of merging between two shocks propagating in the same direction. Such shock mergers typically result in a quasi-spherical, a factor of approximate to 1.4-2.7 discontinuity in density and in temperature. These CFs may be found as far out as the virial shock, unlike what is expected in other CF formation models. As a demonstration of this effect, we use 1D simulations of clusters and show that shock-induced CFs form when perturbations such as explosions or mergers occur near the cluster's centre. Perturbations at a cluster's core induce periodic merging between the virial shock and outgoing secondary shocks. These collisions yield a distinctive, concentric, geometric sequence of CFs which trace the expansion of the virial shock. C1 [Birnboim, Yuval; Keshet, Uri; Hernquist, Lars] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Birnboim, Y (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ybirnboim@cfa.harvard.edu OI Birnboim, Yuval/0000-0002-6547-8545 FU Harvard College Observatory; Chandra X-ray Centre, NASA [PF8-90059]; NASA [NAS8-03060] FX We thank Ian Parrish, Dusan Keres and Maxim Markevitch for useful discussions and the referee, Trevor Ponman, for helpful suggestions. YB acknowledges the support of an ITC fellowship from the Harvard College Observatory. UK acknowledges support by NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship grant number PF8-90059 awarded by the Chandra X-ray Centre, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for NASA under contract NAS8-03060. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 11 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 1 BP 199 EP 212 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17176.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 666MA UT WOS:000283118100015 ER PT J AU Siwak, M Rucinski, SM Matthews, JM Kuschnig, R Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Sasselov, D Weiss, WW AF Siwak, Michal Rucinski, Slavek M. Matthews, Jaymie M. Kuschnig, Rainer Guenther, David B. Moffat, Anthony F. J. Sasselov, Dimitar Weiss, Werner W. TI Analysis of the MOST light curve of the heavily spotted K2IV component of the single-line spectroscopic binary II Pegasi SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars: flare; stars: individual: II Peg; stars: rotation; starspots ID RS-CANUM-VENATICORUM; DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; LAMBDA-ANDROMEDAE; OPTICAL FLARES; ACTIVE STARS; PHOTOMETRY; STELLAR; HD-224085; MODULATION; SEPTEMBER AB Continuous photometric observations of the visible component of the single-line, K2IV spectroscopic binary II Peg carried out by the MOST satellite during 31 consecutive days in 2008 have been analysed. On top of spot-induced brightness modulation, 11 flares were detected of three distinct types characterized by different values of rise, decay and duration times. The flares showed a preference for occurrence at rotation phases when the most spotted hemisphere is directed to the observer, confirming previous similar reports. An attempt to detect a grazing primary minimum caused by the secondary component transiting in front of the visible star gave a negative result. The brightness variability caused by spots has been interpreted within a cold spot model. An assumption of differential rotation of the primary component gave a better fit to the light curve than a solid-body rotation model. C1 [Siwak, Michal; Rucinski, Slavek M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Matthews, Jaymie M.; Kuschnig, Rainer] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Kuschnig, Rainer; Weiss, Werner W.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Guenther, David B.] St Marys Univ, Inst Computat Astrophys, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Moffat, Anthony F. J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Sasselov, Dimitar] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Siwak, M (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. EM siwak@astro.utoronto.ca FU Canadian Space Agency; The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Austrian Space Agency; Austrian Science Fund; FQRNT (Quebec) FX MS acknowledges the Canadian Space Agency Post-Doctoral position grant to SMR within the framework of the Space Science Enhancement Programme. The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada supports the research of DBG, JMM, AFJM and SMR. Additional support for AFJM comes from FQRNT (Quebec). RK is supported by the Canadian Space Agency and WWW is supported by the Austrian Space Agency and the Austrian Science Fund. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 11 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 1 BP 314 EP 321 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17109.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 666MA UT WOS:000283118100022 ER PT J AU Hartman, JD Bakos, GA Kovacs, G Noyes, RW AF Hartman, J. D. Bakos, G. A. Kovacs, G. Noyes, R. W. TI A large sample of photometric rotation periods for FGK Pleiades stars SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE techniques: photometric; catalogues; stars: late-type; stars: rotation; starspots; open clusters and associations: individual: Pleiades ID LOW-MASS STARS; SEQUENCE LITHIUM DEPLETION; POWERED STELLAR WINDS; ALPHA-PERSEI CLUSTERS; YOUNG OPEN CLUSTERS; SOLAR-TYPE DWARFS; MAIN-SEQUENCE; K-DWARFS; MONITOR PROJECT; DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION AB Using data from the Hungarian-made Automated Telescope Network (HATNet) survey for transiting exoplanets, we measure photometric rotation periods for 368 Pleiades stars with 0.4 less than or similar to M less than or similar to 1.3 M-circle dot. We detect periodic variability for 74 per cent of the cluster members in this mass range that are within our field-of-view, and 93 per cent of the members with 0.7 less than or similar to M less than or similar to 1.0 M-circle dot. This increases, by a factor of 5, the number of Pleiades members with measured periods. We compare these data to the rich sample of spectroscopically determined projected equatorial rotation velocities (upsilon sin i) available in the literature for this cluster. Included in our sample are 14 newly identified probable cluster members which have proper motions, photometry and rotation periods consistent with membership. For stars with M greater than or similar to 0.85 M-circle dot the rotation periods, v sin i and radius estimates are consistent with the stars having an isotropic distribution of rotation axes, if a moderate differential rotation law is assumed. For stars with M less than or similar to 0.85 M-circle dot, the inferred sin i values are systematically larger than 1.0. These observations imply that the combination of measured parameters P(upsilon sin i)/R is too large by similar to 24 per cent for low-mass stars in this cluster. By comparing our new mass-period relation for the Pleiades to the slightly older cluster M35, we confirm previous indications that the spin-down stalls at similar to 100 Myr for the slowest rotating stars with 0.7 less than or similar to M less than or similar to 1.1 M-circle dot - a fact which may indicate that the internal transport of angular momentum is inefficient in slowly rotating solar-mass stars. C1 [Hartman, J. D.; Bakos, G. A.; Noyes, R. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kovacs, G.] Konkoly Observ Budapest, Budapest, Hungary. RP Hartman, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jhartman@cfa.harvard.edu OI Hartman, Joel/0000-0001-8732-6166 FU NASA [NNG04GN74G, NNX08AF23G]; SAO IRD; NSF [AST-0702843]; Hungarian Scientific Research Foundation (OTKA) [K-81373]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX HATNet operations have been funded by NASA grants NNG04GN74G, NNX08AF23G and SAO IR&D grants. GAB acknowledges support from the Postdoctoral Fellowship of the NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Program (AST-0702843). GK thanks the Hungarian Scientific Research Foundation (OTKA) for support through grant K-81373. This research has made use of the SIMBAD data base, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France; the VizieR catalogue access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France; the WEBDA data base, operated at the Institute for Astronomy of the University of Vienna; and the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 81 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 11 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 1 BP 475 EP 489 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17147.x PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 666MA UT WOS:000283118100037 ER PT J AU Cohn, HN Lugger, PM Couch, SM Anderson, J Cool, AM van den Berg, M Bogdanov, S Heinke, CO Grindlay, JE AF Cohn, Haldan N. Lugger, Phyllis M. Couch, Sean M. Anderson, Jay Cool, Adrienne M. van den Berg, Maureen Bogdanov, Slavko Heinke, Craig O. Grindlay, Jonathan E. TI IDENTIFICATION OF FAINT CHANDRA X-RAY SOURCES IN THE CORE-COLLAPSED GLOBULAR CLUSTER NGC 6397: EVIDENCE FOR A BIMODAL CATACLYSMIC VARIABLE POPULATION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE globular clusters: individual (NGC 6397); novae, cataclysmic variables; X-rays: binaries ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; MILLISECOND PULSARS; WHITE-DWARFS; COMPACT BINARIES; NGC-6397; STARS; EVOLUTION; CATALOG; PERIOD; PHOTOMETRY AB We have searched for optical identifications for 79 Chandra X-ray sources that lie within the half-mass radius of the nearby, core-collapsed globular cluster NGC 6397, using deep Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys Wide Field Channel imaging in H alpha, R, and B. Photometry of these images allows us to classify candidate counterparts based on color-magnitude diagram location. In addition to recovering nine previously detected cataclysmic variables (CVs), we have identified six additional faint CV candidates, a total of 42 active binaries (ABs), two millisecond pulsars, one candidate active galactic nucleus, and one candidate interacting galaxy pair. Of the 79 sources, 69 have a plausible optical counterpart. The 15 likely and possible CVs in NGC 6397 mostly fall into two groups: a brighter group of six for which the optical emission is dominated by contributions from the secondary and accretion disk and a fainter group of seven for which the white dwarf dominates the optical emission. There are two possible transitional objects that lie between these groups. The faintest CVs likely lie near the minimum of the CV period distribution, where an accumulation is expected. The spatial distribution of the brighter CVs is much more centrally concentrated than those of the fainter CVs and the ABs. This may represent the result of an evolutionary process in which CVs are produced by dynamical interactions, such as exchange reactions, near the cluster center and are scattered to larger orbital radii, over their lifetimes, as they age and become fainter. C1 [Cohn, Haldan N.; Lugger, Phyllis M.] Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Couch, Sean M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Anderson, Jay] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cool, Adrienne M.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [van den Berg, Maureen; Grindlay, Jonathan E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bogdanov, Slavko] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A9, Canada. [Heinke, Craig O.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. RP Cohn, HN (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, 727 E 3rd St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM cohn@astro.indiana.edu; lugger@astro.indiana.edu; smc@astro.as.utexas.edu; jayander@stsci.edu; cool@sfsu.edu; maureen@head.cfa.harvard.edu; bogdanov@physics.mcgill.ca; cheinke@phys.ualberta.ca; josh@cfa.harvard.edu OI Bogdanov, Slavko/0000-0002-9870-2742; Couch, Sean/0000-0002-5080-5996; Heinke, Craig/0000-0003-3944-6109 FU NASA [HST-GO-10257A]; NSF REU [AST-0452975]; NSERC; CIFAR FX This work is supported by NASA grant HST-GO-10257A and NSF REU grant AST-0452975 to Indiana University, and NSERC grants to C.O.H. S.B. is supported by a CIFAR Junior Fellowship. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 1 BP 20 EP 32 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/1/20 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 663SH UT WOS:000282908900002 ER PT J AU Nulsen, PEJ Powell, SL Vikhlinin, A AF Nulsen, P. E. J. Powell, S. L. Vikhlinin, A. TI MODEL-INDEPENDENT X-RAY MASS DETERMINATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general; intergalactic medium; methods: data analysis; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID RELAXED GALAXY CLUSTERS; DARK ENERGY; PROFILES; CONSTRAINTS; GAS; DEPROJECTION; SIMULATIONS; SAMPLE AB A new method is introduced for making X-ray mass determinations of spherical clusters of galaxies. Treating the distribution of gravitating matter as piecewise constant and the cluster atmosphere as piecewise isothermal, X-ray spectra of a hydrostatic atmosphere are determined up to a single overall normalizing factor. In contrast to more conventional approaches, this method relies on the minimum of assumptions, apart from the conditions of hydrostatic equilibrium and spherical symmetry. The method has been implemented as an XSPEC mixing model called CLMASS, which was used to determine masses for a sample of nine relaxed X-ray clusters. Compared to conventional mass determinations, CLMASS provides weak constraints on values of M(500), reflecting the quality of current X-ray data for cluster regions beyond r(500). At smaller radii, where there are high quality X-ray spectra inside and outside the radius of interest to constrain the mass, CLMASS gives confidence ranges for M(2500) that are only moderately less restrictive than those from more familiar mass determination methods. The CLMASS model provides some advantages over other methods and should prove useful for mass determinations in regions where there are high quality X-ray data. C1 [Nulsen, P. E. J.; Powell, S. L.; Vikhlinin, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Powell, S. L.] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Powell, S. L.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Nulsen, PEJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM pnulsen@cfa.harvard.edu OI Nulsen, Paul/0000-0003-0297-4493 FU Chandra grant [AR6-7016X]; NASA [NAS8-03060] FX This work was partly supported by Chandra grant AR6-7016X and NASA contract NAS8-03060. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 1 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/1/55 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 663SH UT WOS:000282908900004 ER PT J AU Siemiginowska, A Burke, DJ Aldcroft, TL Worrall, DM Allen, S Bechtold, J Clarke, T Cheung, CC AF Siemiginowska, Aneta Burke, D. J. Aldcroft, Thomas L. Worrall, D. M. Allen, S. Bechtold, Jill Clarke, Tracy Cheung, C. C. TI HIGH-REDSHIFT X-RAY COOLING-CORE CLUSTER ASSOCIATED WITH THE LUMINOUS RADIO-LOUD QUASAR 3C 186 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars: individual (3C 186); X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; COMPACT STEEP-SPECTRUM; RELAXED GALAXY CLUSTERS; MAGNETIC-FIELD STRENGTHS; CYGNUS-A II; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; DARK ENERGY; HOST CLUSTERS; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; RICH ENVIRONMENTS AB We present the first results from a new, deep (200 ks) Chandra observation of the X-ray luminous galaxy cluster surrounding the powerful (L similar to 10(47) erg s(-1)), high-redshift (z = 1.067), compact-steep-spectrum radio-loud quasar 3C 186. The diffuse X-ray emission from the cluster has a roughly ellipsoidal shape and extends out to radii of at least similar to 60 arcsec (similar to 500 kpc). The centroid of the diffuse X-ray emission is offset by 0.68 +/- 0 ''.11 (similar to 5.5 +/- 0.9 kpc) from the position of the quasar. We measure a cluster mass within the radius at which the mean enclosed density is 2500 times the critical density, r(2500) = 283(-13)(+18) kpc, of 1.02(-0.14)(+0.21) x 10(14) M(circle dot) . The gas-mass fraction within this radius is f(gas) = 0.129(-0.016)(+0.015). This value is consistent with measurements at lower redshifts and implies minimal evolution in the f(gas)(z) relation for hot, massive clusters at 0 < z < 1.1. The measured metal abundance of 0.42(-0.07)(+0.08) Solar is consistent with the abundance observed in other massive, high-redshift clusters. The spatially resolved temperature profile for the cluster shows a drop in temperature, from kT similar to 8 keV to kT similar to 3 keV, in its central regions that is characteristic of cooling-core clusters. This is the first spectroscopic identification of a cooling-core cluster at z > 1. We measure cooling times for the X-ray emitting gas at radii of 50 kpc and 25 kpc of 1.7 +/- 0.2 x 10(9) years and 7.5 +/- 2.6 x 10(8) years, as well as a nominal cooling rate (in the absence of heating) of 400 +/- 190 M(circle dot) year(-1) within the central 100 kpc. In principle, the cooling gas can supply enough fuel to support the growth of the supermassive black hole and to power the luminous quasar. The radiative power of the quasar exceeds by a factor of 10 the kinematic power of the central radio source, suggesting that radiative heating may be important at intermittent intervals in cluster cores. C1 [Siemiginowska, Aneta; Burke, D. J.; Aldcroft, Thomas L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Worrall, D. M.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Allen, S.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bechtold, Jill] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. [Cheung, C. C.] USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Siemiginowska, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM asiemiginowska@cfa.harvard.edu OI Burke, Douglas/0000-0003-4428-7835 FU NASA [NAS8-39073]; Chandra grant [GO2-3148A, GO5-6113X, GO8-9125A-R] FX We thank the anonymous referee for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. A.S. thanks Mitch Begelman and Anna Wolter for comments. We thank Agnieszka Siemiginowska for improving the language of the text. This research is funded in part by NASA contract NAS8-39073. Partial support for this work was provided by the Chandra grants GO2-3148A, GO5-6113X, and GO8-9125A-R. Basic research in radio astronomy at the NRL is supported by 6.1 Base funding. NR 84 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 1 BP 102 EP 111 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/1/102 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 663SH UT WOS:000282908900009 ER PT J AU Liu, HB Ho, PTP Zhang, QZ Keto, E Wu, JW Li, HB AF Liu, Hauyu Baobab Ho, Paul T. P. Zhang, Qizhou Keto, Eric Wu, Jingwen Li, Huabai TI THE DECREASE OF SPECIFIC ANGULAR MOMENTUM AND THE HOT TOROID FORMATION: THE MASSIVE CLUMP G10.6-0.4 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE evolution; H II regions; ISM: individual objects (G10.6-0.4); ISM: kinematics and dynamics; stars: formation; stars: massive ID ULTRACOMPACT HII-REGIONS; PROTOSTELLAR CANDIDATES; ROTATING TOROIDS; MOLECULAR CLOUD; ACCRETION FLOW; CO OUTFLOWS; OB-CLUSTERS; STARS; OH; TEMPERATURE AB This is the first paper of our series of high-resolution (1 '') studies of the massive star-forming region G10.6-0.4. We present the emission line observations of the hot core type tracers (O(13)CS, OCS, SO(2)) with similar to 0 ''.5 resolution. By comparing the results to the high-resolution NH(3) absorption line observation, we confirm for the first time the rotationally flattened hot toroid in the central <0.1 pc region, which has a rotational axis perpendicular to its geometrical major axis. In addition, we present the observations of NH(3), (13)CS, and CH(3)CN with similar to 1 '' resolution, and follow the dynamics of the molecular accretion flow from the 0.3 pc radius to the inner 0.03 pc radius. With reference to the rotational axis of the hot toroid, we measure the rotational velocity from the molecular emission in the region. The results are consistent with an envelope with a rapid decrease of the specific angular momentum from the outer to the inner region. These new results improve the current understanding of the molecular accretion flow in an ultracompact H II region created by the embedded O-type cluster. C1 [Liu, Hauyu Baobab; Ho, Paul T. P.; Zhang, Qizhou; Keto, Eric] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Liu, Hauyu Baobab] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. [Liu, Hauyu Baobab; Ho, Paul T. P.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Wu, Jingwen] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Li, Huabai] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Liu, HB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM hlu@cfa.havard.edu; pho@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; qzhang@cfa.harvard.edu; keto@cfa.harvard.edu; Jingwen.Wu@jpl.nasa.gov; li@mpia.de OI Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 1 BP 262 EP 272 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/1/262 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 663SH UT WOS:000282908900023 ER PT J AU Ma, S Attrill, GDR Golub, L Lin, J AF Ma, S. Attrill, G. D. R. Golub, L. Lin, J. TI STATISTICAL STUDY OF CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS WITH AND WITHOUT DISTINCT LOW CORONAL SIGNATURES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: UV radiation ID STEREO; ORIGIN; CMES; SUN; EVOLUTION; FLARES; WAVES; LASCO AB Taking advantage of the two viewpoints of the STEREO spacecraft, we present a statistical study of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with and without distinct low coronal signatures (LCSs) from 2009 January 1 to August 31. During this period, the lines of sight from STEREO A and B are almost perpendicular and nearly a quarter of the Sun was observed by both. We identified 34 CMEs that originated from around this area and find that (1) about 1 out of 3 CMEs that were studied during 8 months of solar minimum activity are stealth CMEs; a CME is stealth if no distinct LCS (such as coronal dimming, coronal wave, filament eruption, flare, post-eruptive arcade) can be found on the disk. (2) The speeds of the stealth CMEs without LCSs are typically below 300 km s(-1). Comparing with the slow CMEs with LCSs, the stealth CMEs did not show any clear differences in their velocity and acceleration evolution. (3) The source regions of the stealth CMEs are usually located in the quiet Sun rather than active regions. Detailed study indicates that more than half of the stealth CMEs in this paper showed some faint change of the coronal structures (likely parts of flux ropes) when they could be observed over the solar limb before or during the CME evolution. Finally, we note that space weather detection systems based on LCSs totally independent of coronagraph data may fail to detect a significant proportion of CMEs. C1 [Ma, S.; Attrill, G. D. R.; Golub, L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ma, S.; Lin, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ China, Yunnan Astron Observ, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Ma, S.] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. RP Ma, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM suli_ma@cfa.harvard.edu RI Ma, Suli/J-9141-2012; Ma, Suli/F-2232-2014; LIN, JUN/B-9890-2017 OI Ma, Suli/0000-0002-5431-6065; FU NASA [SP02H1701R, NNM07AB07C, NNX09AB11G]; Program 973 [2006CB806303]; NSFC [10873030, 40636031]; CAS [KJCX2-YW-T04]; Smithsonian Institution Restricted Endowment Funds; [SAO-610089-4210-40610089HH0022] FX We sincerely thank the anonymous referee for very helpful and constructive comments that improved this paper. The STEREO/SECCHI data are produced by an international consortium: NRL, LMSAL, NASA, GSFC (USA); RAL(UK); MPS (Germany); CSL (Belgium); and IOTA, IAS (France). We thank Huw Morgan for his work with the COR1 data. We also thanks Jason Byrne, Alisdair Davey, Meredith Wills-Davey, Edward DeLuca, Petrus Martens, Kathy Reeves, and Yingna Su for useful discussions. S. M. thanks Henry Winter, Paolo Grigis, and Alexander Panasyuk for their help with software. This work was supported by NASA grants SP02H1701R and NNM07AB07C. S.M. and J.L. were also supported by Program 973 grant 2006CB806303, by NSFC grants 10873030 and 40636031, and by CAS grant KJCX2-YW-T04 to YNAO. G.D.R.A. gratefully acknowledges NASA grant NNX09AB11G. Part of S. M.'s work was supported by SAO-610089-4210-40610089HH0022. Part of J.L.'s work was performed when he visited CfA, supported with the Smithsonian Institution Restricted Endowment Funds. NR 35 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 1 BP 289 EP 301 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/1/289 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 663SH UT WOS:000282908900026 ER PT J AU Savage, SL McKenzie, DE Reeves, KK Forbes, TG Longcope, DW AF Savage, Sabrina L. McKenzie, David E. Reeves, Katharine K. Forbes, Terry G. Longcope, Dana W. TI RECONNECTION OUTFLOWS AND CURRENT SHEET OBSERVED WITH HINODE/XRT IN THE 2008 APRIL 9 "CARTWHEEL CME" FLARE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic reconnection; Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Sun: magnetic topology; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; SUPRA-ARCADE DOWNFLOWS; FIELD LINE SHRINKAGE; X-RAY TELESCOPE; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; SOLAR-FLARES; MOTIONS; MODEL; ERUPTION; RHESSI AB Supra-arcade downflows (SADs) have been observed with Yohkoh/SXT (soft X-rays (SXR)), TRACE (extreme ultraviolet (EUV)), SOHO/LASCO (white light), SOHO/SUMER (EUV spectra), and Hinode/XRT (SXR). Characteristics such as low emissivity and trajectories, which slow as they reach the top of the arcade, are consistent with post-reconnection magnetic flux tubes retracting from a reconnection site high in the corona until they reach a lower-energy magnetic configuration. Viewed from a perpendicular angle, SADs should appear as shrinking loops rather than downflowing voids. We present X-ray Telescope (XRT) observations of supra-arcade downflowing loops (SADLs) following a coronal mass ejection (CME) on 2008 April 9 and show that their speeds and decelerations are consistent with those determined for SADs. We also present evidence for a possible current sheet observed during this flare that extends between the flare arcade and the CME. Additionally, we show a correlation between reconnection outflows observed with XRT and outgoing flows observed with LASCO. C1 [Savage, Sabrina L.; McKenzie, David E.; Longcope, Dana W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Reeves, Katharine K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Forbes, Terry G.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space EOS, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Savage, SL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, POB 173840, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RI Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014 FU NASA [NNM07AA02C0, NNX08AG44G]; NSF SHINE [ATM-0752257]; NSF [ATM-0837841] FX This work was supported by NASA grants NNM07AA02C0 and NNX08AG44G, NSF SHINE grant ATM-0752257, and NSF grant ATM-0837841. The authors thank Drs. L. Sui, G. Holman, J. Raymond, and W. Liu for valuable discussions and suggestions. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in co-operation with ESA and the NSC (Norway). Wilcox Solar Observatory data used in this study were obtained via the Web site http://wso.stanford.edu (courtesy of J.T. Hoeksema). NR 40 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 1 BP 329 EP 342 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/1/329 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 663SH UT WOS:000282908900029 ER PT J AU Dwek, E Arendt, RG Bouchet, P Burrows, DN Challis, P Danziger, IJ De Buizer, JM Gehrz, RD Park, S Polomski, EF Slavin, JD Woodward, CE AF Dwek, Eli Arendt, Richard G. Bouchet, Patrice Burrows, David N. Challis, Peter Danziger, I. John De Buizer, James M. Gehrz, Robert D. Park, Sangwook Polomski, Elisha F. Slavin, Jonathan D. Woodward, Charles E. TI FIVE YEARS OF MID-INFRARED EVOLUTION OF THE REMNANT OF SN 1987A: THE ENCOUNTER BETWEEN THE BLAST WAVE AND THE DUSTY EQUATORIAL RING SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared: general; ISM: individual objects (SN 1987A); ISM: supernova remnants; X-rays: general ID SUPERNOVA 1987A; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION; SN-1987A; DESTRUCTION AB We have used the Spitzer satellite to monitor the mid- IR evolution of SN 1987A over a five year period spanning the epochs between days similar to 6000 and 8000 since the explosion. The supernova (SN) has evolved into a supernova remnant and its radiative output is dominated by the interaction of the SN blast wave with the pre-existing equatorial ring (ER). The mid-IR spectrum is dominated by emission from similar to 180 K silicate dust, collisionally heated by the hot X-ray emitting gas with a temperature and density of similar to 5 x 10(6) K and similar to 3 x 10(4) cm(-3), respectively. The mass of the radiating dust is similar to 1.2 x 10(-6) M(circle dot) on day 7554 and scales linearly with IR flux. Comparison of the IR data with the soft X-ray flux derived from Chandra observations shows that the IR-to-X-ray flux ratio, IRX, is roughly constant with a value of 2.5. Gas-grain collisions therefore dominate the cooling of the shocked gas. The constancy of IRX is most consistent with the scenario that very little grain processing or gas cooling has occurred throughout this epoch. The shape of the dust spectrum remained unchanged during the observations while the total flux increased by a factor of similar to 5 with a time dependence of t'0.87 +/- 0.20, t' being the time since the first encounter between the blast wave and the ER. These observations are consistent with the transitioning of the blast wave from free expansion to a Sedov phase as it propagates into the main body of the ER, as also suggested by X-ray observations. The constant spectral shape of the IR emission provides strong constraints on the density and temperature of the shocked gas in which the interaction takes place. Silicate grains, with radii of similar to 0.2 mu m and temperature of T similar to 180 K, best fit the spectral and temporal evolution of the similar to 8-30 mu m data. The IR spectra also show the presence of a secondary population of very small, hot (T >= 350 K), featureless dust. If these grains spatially coexist with the silicates, then they must have shorter lifetimes. The data show slightly different rates of increase of their respective fluxes, lending some support to this hypothesis. However, the origin of this emission component and the exact nature of its relation to the silicate emission is still a major unsolved puzzle. C1 [Dwek, Eli] NASA, Observat Cosmol Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Arendt, Richard G.] NASA, CRESST, UMBC, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bouchet, Patrice] CEA Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Burrows, David N.; Park, Sangwook] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Challis, Peter; Slavin, Jonathan D.] Harvard Smithsonian, CfA, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Danziger, I. John] Osserv Astron Trieste, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. [De Buizer, James M.] So Operat Ctr, Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Gehrz, Robert D.; Woodward, Charles E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Polomski, Elisha F.] Univ Wisconsin, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. RP Dwek, E (reprint author), NASA, Observat Cosmol Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM eli.dwek@nasa.gov; Patrice.Bouchet@cea.fr RI Dwek, Eli/C-3995-2012; OI Slavin, Jonathan/0000-0002-7597-6935; Arendt, Richard/0000-0001-8403-8548 FU NASA FX We benefited from useful comments by Dick McCray and Svetozar Zhekov. We also thank the referee Diane Wooden for her careful reading of the manuscript and many constructive suggestions. This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 1 BP 425 EP 434 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/1/425 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 663SH UT WOS:000282908900037 ER PT J AU Lampeitl, H Smith, M Nichol, RC Bassett, B Cinabro, D Dilday, B Foley, RJ Frieman, JA Garnavich, PM Goobar, A Im, M Jha, SW Marriner, J Miquel, R Nordin, J Ostman, L Riess, AG Sako, M Schneider, DP Sollerman, J Stritzinger, M AF Lampeitl, Hubert Smith, Mathew Nichol, Robert C. Bassett, Bruce Cinabro, David Dilday, Benjamin Foley, Ryan J. Frieman, Joshua A. Garnavich, Peter M. Goobar, Ariel Im, Myungshin Jha, Saurabh W. Marriner, John Miquel, Ramon Nordin, Jakob Oestman, Linda Riess, Adam G. Sako, Masao Schneider, Donald P. Sollerman, Jesper Stritzinger, Maximilian TI THE EFFECT OF HOST GALAXIES ON TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE IN THE SDSS-II SUPERNOVA SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE distance scale; galaxies: fundamental parameters; supernovae: general ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; LIGHT CURVES; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; IMPROVED DISTANCES; HUBBLE DIAGRAM; STAR-FORMATION; DATA RELEASE; DARK ENERGY; DUST; MASS AB We present an analysis of the host galaxy dependences of Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) from the full three year sample of the SDSS-II Supernova Survey. We re-discover, to high significance, the strong correlation between host galaxy type and the width of the observed SN light curve, i. e., fainter, quickly declining SNe Ia favor passive host galaxies, while brighter, slowly declining Ia's favor star-forming galaxies. We also find evidence (at between 2 sigma and 3 sigma) that SNe Ia are similar or equal to 0.1 +/- 0.04 mag brighter in passive host galaxies than in star-forming hosts, after the SN Ia light curves have been standardized using the light-curve shape and color variations. This difference in brightness is present in both the SALT2 and MCLS2k2 light-curve fitting methodologies. We see evidence for differences in the SN Ia color relationship between passive and star-forming host galaxies, e.g., for the MLCS2k2 technique, we see that SNe Ia in passive hosts favor a dust law of R(V) = 1.0 +/- 0.2, while SNe Ia in star-forming hosts require R(V) = 1.8+(0.2)(0.4). The significance of these trends depends on the range of SN colors considered. We demonstrate that these effects can be parameterized using the stellar mass of the host galaxy (with a confidence of > 4 sigma) and including this extra parameter provides a better statistical fit to our data. Our results suggest that future cosmological analyses of SN Ia samples should include host galaxy information. C1 [Lampeitl, Hubert; Smith, Mathew; Nichol, Robert C.] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England. [Smith, Mathew] Univ Cape Town, Dept Math & Appl Math, ACGC, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Observatory, South Africa. [Cinabro, David] Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Dilday, Benjamin; Jha, Saurabh W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Foley, Ryan J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Frieman, Joshua A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Frieman, Joshua A.; Marriner, John] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Garnavich, Peter M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Goobar, Ariel; Nordin, Jakob] Albanova Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Goobar, Ariel; Nordin, Jakob] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Albanova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Im, Myungshin] Seoul Natl Univ, CEOU, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul, South Korea. [Miquel, Ramon] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain. [Miquel, Ramon; Oestman, Linda] Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Riess, Adam G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Riess, Adam G.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sako, Masao] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sollerman, Jesper] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Sollerman, Jesper; Stritzinger, Maximilian] Univ Copenhagen, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Stritzinger, Maximilian] Carnegie Observ, La Serena, Chile. RP Lampeitl, H (reprint author), Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England. RI Im, Myungshin/B-3436-2013; OI Im, Myungshin/0000-0002-8537-6714; Bassett, Bruce/0000-0001-7700-1069; Sollerman, Jesper/0000-0003-1546-6615; Miquel, Ramon/0000-0002-6610-4836; stritzinger, maximilian/0000-0002-5571-1833 FU SKA; MEST [2009-0063616]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER41562]; W. M. Keck Foundation; STFC FX The authors thank the referees for their careful reading of the paper. We also thank Mark Sullivan, Janine Pforr, and Isobel Hook for helpful discussions during the course of this research. We thank Rick Kessler for his comments on an earlier draft of this paper. H. L. and R. C. H. were supported by STFC, while M.S. is funded by an SKA fellowship. M. I. acknowledges the support from the grant no. 2009-0063616 from MEST. S.W.J. acknowledges support from U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-FG02-08ER41562.; This work is based in part on observations made at the following telescopes. The Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) is a joint project of the University of Texas at Austin, the Pennsylvania State University, Stanford University, Ludwig-MaximilliansUniversitat Munchen, and Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen. The HET is named in honor of its principal benefactors, William P. Hobby and Robert E. Eberly. The Marcario Low-Resolution Spectrograph is named for Mike Marcario of High Lonesome Optics, who fabricated several optical elements for the instrument but died before its completion; it is a joint project of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope partnership and the Instituto de Astronomia de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. The Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m telescope is owned and operated by the Astrophysical Research Consortium. We thank the observatory director, Suzanne Hawley, and site manager, Bruce Gillespie, for their support of this project. The Subaru Telescope is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. The William Herschel Telescope is operated by the Isaac Newton Group on the island of La Palma in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. The W. M. Keck Observatory is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; the observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. NR 55 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 1 BP 566 EP 576 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/1/566 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 663SH UT WOS:000282908900046 ER PT J AU Ko, YK Raymond, JC Vrsnak, B Vujic, E AF Ko, Yuan-Kuen Raymond, John C. Vrsnak, Bojan Vujic, Eugen TI MODELING UV AND X-RAY EMISSION IN A POST-CORONAL MASS EJECTION CURRENT SHEET SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: UV radiation ID COLLISIONAL IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION MODEL; FLARE SUPRA-ARCADE; CME CURRENT SHEETS; SOLAR-FLARE; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION; CHROMOSPHERIC EVAPORATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; SOHO OBSERVATIONS; RATE COEFFICIENTS AB A post-coronal mass ejection (CME) current sheet (CS) is a common feature developed behind an erupting flux rope in CME models. Observationally, white light observations have recorded many occurrences of a thin ray appearing behind a CME eruption that closely resembles a post-CME CS in its spatial correspondence and morphology. UV and X-ray observations further strengthen this interpretation by the observations of high-temperature emission at locations consistent with model predictions. The next question then becomes whether the properties inside a post-CME CS predicted by a model agree with observed properties. In this work, we assume that the post-CME CS is a consequence of Petschek-like reconnection and that the observed ray-like structure is bounded by a pair of slow mode shocks developed from the reconnection site. We perform time-dependent ionization calculations and model the UV line emission. We find that such a model is consistent with SOHO/UVCS observations of the post-CME CS. The change of Fe XVIII emission in one event implies an inflow speed of similar to 10 km s(-1) and a corresponding reconnection rate of M(A) similar to 0.01. We calculate the expected X-ray emission for comparison with X-ray observations by Hinode/XRT, as well as the ionic charge states as would be measured in situ at 1 AU. We find that the predicted count rate for Hinode/XRT agrees with what was observed in a post-CME CS on 2008 April 9, and the predicted ionic charge states are consistent with high ionization states commonly measured in the interplanetary CMEs. The model results depend strongly on the physical parameters in the ambient corona, namely the coronal magnetic field, the electron density, and temperature during the CME event. It is crucial to obtain these ambient coronal parameters and as many facets of the CS properties as possible by observational means so that the post-CME CS models can be scrutinized more effectively. C1 [Ko, Yuan-Kuen] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Raymond, John C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vrsnak, Bojan] Fac Geodesy, Hvar Observ, Zagreb, Croatia. RP Ko, YK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yko@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil FU NRL/ONR; NASA [NNX09AB17G-R, NNX07AL72G] FX This work is supported by NRL/ONR 6.1 basic research program. This work was partially supported by NASA grants NNX09AB17G-R and NNX07AL72G to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. NR 63 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 1 BP 625 EP 641 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/1/625 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 663SH UT WOS:000282908900051 ER PT J AU Keshet, U Loeb, A AF Keshet, Uri Loeb, Abraham TI USING RADIO HALOS AND MINIHALOS TO MEASURE THE DISTRIBUTIONS OF MAGNETIC FIELDS AND COSMIC RAYS IN GALAXY CLUSTERS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general; intergalactic medium; magnetic fields; radio continuum: general; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID COOLING FLOW CLUSTERS; X-RAY; COLD FRONTS; SCALING RELATIONS; XMM-NEWTON; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; RELATIVISTIC PLASMA; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; FARADAY-ROTATION; STAR-FORMATION AB Some galaxy clusters show diffuse radio emission in the form of giant halos (GHs) on Mpc scales or minihalos (MHs) on smaller scales. Comparing Very Large Array and XMM-Newton radial profiles of several such clusters, we find a universal linear correlation between radio and X-ray surface brightness, valid in both types of halos. It implies a halo central emissivity nu j(nu) = 10(-31.4 +/- 0.2)(n/10(-2) cm(-3))(2)(T/T(0))(0.2 +/- 0.5) erg s(-1) cm(-3), where T and T(0) are the local and central temperatures, respectively, and n is the electron number density. We argue that the tight correlation and the scaling of j(nu), combined with morphological and spectral evidence, indicate that both GHs and MHs arise from secondary electrons and positrons, produced in cosmic-ray ion (CRI) collisions with a strongly magnetized B >= 3 mu G intracluster gas. When the magnetic energy density drops below that of the microwave background, the radio emission weakens considerably, producing halos with a clumpy morphology (e. g., RXC J2003.5-2323 and A2255) or a distinct radial break. We thus measure a magnetic field B = 3 mu G at a radius r similar or equal to 110 kpc in A2029 and r similar or equal to 50 kpc in Perseus. The spectrum of secondaries, produced from hadronic collisions of similar to 20 GeV CRIs, reflects the energy dependence of the collision cross section. We use the observed spectra of halos, in particular where they steepen with increasing radius or frequency, to (1) measure B similar or equal to 10(nu/700 MHz) mu G with nu the spectral break frequency, (2) identify a correlation between the average spectrum and the central magnetic field, and (3) infer a CRI spectral index s less than or similar to -2.7 and energy fraction xi(p) similar to 10(-3.6 +/- 0.2) at particle energies above 10 GeV. Our results favor a model where CRIs diffuse away from their sources (which are probably supernovae, according to a preliminary correlation with star formation), whereas the magnetic fields are generated by mergers in GHs and by core sloshing in MHs. C1 [Keshet, Uri; Loeb, Abraham] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Keshet, U (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU NASA [PF8-90059, NAS8-03060]; NSF [AST-0907890, AST-08] FX We are deeply grateful to Maxim Markevitch for many fruitful discussions. We thank Ramesh Narayan, Doron Kushnir, Boaz Katz, Eli Waxman, Yuying Zhang, Annalisa Bonafede, Gianfranco Brunetti, Julius Donnert, and Matteo Murgia for useful comments. U.K. acknowledges support by NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship grant PF8-90059 awarded by the Chandra X-ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for NASA under contract NAS8-03060. This work was supported in part by NSF grants AST-0907890, AST-08, and NASA LUNAR grant for A.L. NR 96 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 1 BP 737 EP 749 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/1/737 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 663SH UT WOS:000282908900060 ER PT J AU Randall, SW Clarke, TE Nulsen, PEJ Owers, MS Sarazin, CL Forman, WR Murray, SS AF Randall, S. W. Clarke, T. E. Nulsen, P. E. J. Owers, M. S. Sarazin, C. L. Forman, W. R. Murray, S. S. TI RADIO AND DEEP CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS OF THE DISTURBED COOL CORE CLUSTER ABELL 133 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: clusters: individual (Abell 133); intergalactic medium; radio continuum: galaxies; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID RELAXED GALAXY CLUSTERS; X-RAY CAVITIES; COLD FRONTS; XMM-NEWTON; SKY SURVEY; GASEOUS ATMOSPHERE; FLOW CLUSTERS; BUBBLES; SAMPLE; M87 AB We present results based on new Chandra and multi-frequency radio observations of the disturbed cool core cluster Abell 133. The diffuse gas has a complex bird-like morphology, with a plume of emission extending from two symmetric wing-like features. The plume is capped with a filamentary radio structure that has been previously classified as a radio relic. X-ray spectral fits in the region of the relic indicate the presence of either high-temperature gas or non-thermal emission, although the measured photon index is flatter than would be expected if the non-thermal emission is from inverse Compton scattering of the cosmic microwave background by the radio-emitting particles. We find evidence for a weak elliptical X-ray surface brightness edge surrounding the core, which we show is consistent with a sloshing cold front. The plume is consistent with having formed due to uplift by a buoyantly rising radio bubble, now seen as the radio relic, and has properties consistent with buoyantly lifted plumes seen in other systems (e. g., M87). Alternatively, the plume may be a gas sloshing spiral viewed edge-on. Results from spectral analysis of the wing-like features are inconsistent with the previous suggestion that the wings formed due to the passage of a weak shock through the cool core. We instead conclude that the wings are due to X-ray cavities formed by displacement of X-ray gas by the radio relic. The central cD galaxy contains two small-scale cold gas clumps that are slightly offset from their optical and UV counterparts, suggestive of a galaxy-galaxy merger event. On larger scales, there is evidence for cluster substructure in both optical observations and the X-ray temperature map. We suggest that the Abell 133 cluster has recently undergone a merger event with an interloping subgroup, initialing gas sloshing in the core. The torus of sloshed gas is seen close to edge-on, leading to the somewhat ragged appearance of the elliptical surface brightness edge. We show that the additional buoyant force from a passing subcluster can have a significant effect on the rise trajectories of buoyant bubbles, although this effect alone cannot fully explain the morphology of Abell 133. The radio observations reveal a large-scale double-lobed structure not previously identified in the literature. We conclude that this structure represents a previously unreported background giant radio galaxy at z = 0.293, the northern lobe of which overlies the radio relic in the core of Abell 133. A rough estimate indicates that the contribution of this background lobe to the total radio emission in the region of the relic is modest (< 13%). C1 [Randall, S. W.; Nulsen, P. E. J.; Forman, W. R.; Murray, S. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Clarke, T. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Owers, M. S.] Swinburne Univ, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Sarazin, C. L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Randall, SW (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM srandall@cfa.harvard.edu OI Randall, Scott/0000-0002-3984-4337; Owers, Matt/0000-0002-2879-1663; Nulsen, Paul/0000-0003-0297-4493 FU Chandra X-ray Center through NASA [NAS8-03060]; Smithsonian Institution; NRL FX The financial support for this work was partially provided for by the Chandra X-ray Center through NASA contract NAS8-03060, and the Smithsonian Institution. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. Basic research in radio astronomy at the NRL is supported by 6.1 Base funding. We thank Matteo Murgia for access to private code for calculating synchrotron ages. We thank E. L. Blanton and the anonymous referee for useful comments. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 1 BP 825 EP 846 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/1/825 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 663SH UT WOS:000282908900068 ER PT J AU Shporer, A Winn, JN Dreizler, S Colon, KD Wood-Vasey, WM Choi, PI Morley, C Moutou, C Welsh, WF Pollaco, D Starkey, D Adams, E Barros, SCC Bouchy, F Cabrera-Lavers, A Cerutti, S Coban, L Costello, K Deeg, H Diaz, RF Esquerdo, GA Fernandez, J Fleming, SW Ford, EB Fulton, BJ Good, M Hebrard, G Holman, MJ Hunt, M Kadakia, S Lander, G Lockhart, M Mazeh, T Morehead, RC Nelson, BE Nortmann, L Reyes, F Roebuck, E Rudy, AR Ruth, R Simpson, E Vincent, C Weaver, G Xie, JW AF Shporer, A. Winn, J. N. Dreizler, S. Colon, K. D. Wood-Vasey, W. M. Choi, P. I. Morley, C. Moutou, C. Welsh, W. F. Pollaco, D. Starkey, D. Adams, E. Barros, S. C. C. Bouchy, F. Cabrera-Lavers, A. Cerutti, S. Coban, L. Costello, K. Deeg, H. Diaz, R. F. Esquerdo, G. A. Fernandez, J. Fleming, S. W. Ford, E. B. Fulton, B. J. Good, M. Hebrard, G. Holman, M. J. Hunt, M. Kadakia, S. Lander, G. Lockhart, M. Mazeh, T. Morehead, R. C. Nelson, B. E. Nortmann, L. Reyes, F. Roebuck, E. Rudy, A. R. Ruth, R. Simpson, E. Vincent, C. Weaver, G. Xie, J. -W. TI GROUND-BASED MULTISITE OBSERVATIONS OF TWO TRANSITS OF HD 80606b SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars: individual (HD 80606) ID STELLAR ATMOSPHERE MODELS; LIGHT-CURVE PROJECT; LIMB-DARKENING LAW; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; SURFACE GRAVITIES; TIMING VARIATIONS; GIANT PLANET; BINARY; MASS; PHOTOMETRY AB We present ground-based optical observations of the 2009 September and 2010 January transits of HD 80606b. Based on three partial light curves of the 2009 September event, we derive a midtransit time of T(c) [HJD] = 2455099.196 +/- 0.026, which is about 1 sigma away from the previously predicted time. We observed the 2010 January event from nine different locations, with most phases of the transit being observed by at least three different teams. We determine a midtransit time of T(c) [HJD] = 2455210.6502 +/- 0.0064, which is within 1.3 sigma of the time derived from a Spitzer observation of the same event. C1 [Shporer, A.; Fulton, B. J.] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope Network, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Shporer, A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Winn, J. N.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Winn, J. N.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Dreizler, S.; Fernandez, J.; Nortmann, L.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Astrophys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Colon, K. D.; Fleming, S. W.; Ford, E. B.; Morehead, R. C.; Nelson, B. E.; Reyes, F.; Ruth, R.; Xie, J. -W.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wood-Vasey, W. M.; Cerutti, S.; Coban, L.; Costello, K.; Good, M.; Hunt, M.; Lander, G.; Roebuck, E.; Vincent, C.; Weaver, G.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Choi, P. I.; Rudy, A. R.] Pomona Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Morley, C.; Adams, E.; Lockhart, M.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Moutou, C.] Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS UMR 6110, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Welsh, W. F.; Kadakia, S.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Pollaco, D.; Barros, S. C. C.; Simpson, E.] Queens Univ Belfast, Astrophys Res Ctr, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Starkey, D.] DeKalb Observ H63, Auburn, IN 46706 USA. [Bouchy, F.; Diaz, R. F.; Hebrard, G.] Univ Paris 06, Inst Astrophys Paris, CNRS UMR7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Bouchy, F.] CNRS OAMP, Observ Haute Provence, F-04870 St Michel, France. [Cabrera-Lavers, A.; Deeg, H.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38205, Spain. [Cabrera-Lavers, A.] GTC Project Off, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain. [Deeg, H.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Tenerife 38200, Spain. [Esquerdo, G. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mazeh, T.] Tel Aviv Univ, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Shporer, A (reprint author), Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Dr,Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. EM ashporer@lcogt.net RI Diaz, Rodrigo/H-1487-2011 OI Fleming, Scott/0000-0003-0556-027X; Nelson, Benjamin/0000-0003-3010-2334; Barros, Susana/0000-0003-2434-3625; /0000-0001-6545-639X; Diaz, Rodrigo/0000-0001-9289-5160; FU Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach-Stiftung; University of Florida; College of Liberal Arts and Sciences; NSF [0707203] FX We thank John Caldwell, Steve Odewahn (McDonald Observatory, TX, USA), James Otto, Ohad Shemmer (Monroe Observatory, TX, USA), and Anthony Ayiomamitis (Hellenic Astronomical Union, Greece) for their attempt to observe HD 80606 during the Jan10 event, although they were unable to do so due to bad weather. This paper uses observations obtained with facilities of the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope. The MONET network is funded by the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach-Stiftung. RHO observations were supported by the University of Florida and the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. K. D. C. is supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant No. 0707203.; This work is partially based on observations made with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), installed in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, on the island of La Palma. The GTC is a joint initiative of Spain (led by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), the University of Florida and Mexico, including the Instituto de Astronomia de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (IA-UNAM) and Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica (INAOE). K.D.C., H.J.D., and E.B.F. gratefully acknowledge the observing staff at the GTC and give a special thanks to Rene Rutten, Jose Miguel Gonzalez, Jordi Cepa Nogue, and Daniel Reverte for helping us plan and conduct the GTC observations successfully. H.J.D. acknowledges support by grant ESP2007-65480-C02-02 of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Inovacion. J.N.W. gratefully acknowledges support from the NASA Origins program through award NNX09AB33G and from the MIT Class of 1942. This research was partly supported by the Israel Science Foundation (grant No. 655/07) and by the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) grant No. 2006234. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 1 BP 880 EP 887 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/1/880 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 663SH UT WOS:000282908900074 ER PT J AU Dawson, RI Fabrycky, DC AF Dawson, Rebekah I. Fabrycky, Daniel C. TI RADIAL VELOCITY PLANETS DE-ALIASED: A NEW, SHORT PERIOD FOR SUPER-EARTH 55 Cnc e SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods: data analysis; planetary systems; planets and satellites: individual (HD 156668 b, 55 Cnc e, GJ 876 d); techniques: radial velocities ID EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; UNEQUALLY-SPACED DATA; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; HARPS SEARCH; FREQUENCY; SYSTEM; DETECTABILITY; CANDIDATES; EVOLUTION; HD-73526 AB Radial velocity measurements of stellar reflex motion have revealed many extrasolar planets, but gaps in the observations produce aliases, spurious frequencies that are frequently confused with the planets' orbital frequencies. In the case of Gl 581 d, the distinction between an alias and the true frequency was the distinction between a frozen, dead planet and a planet possibly hospitable to life. To improve the characterization of planetary systems, we describe how aliases originate and present a new approach for distinguishing between orbital frequencies and their aliases. Our approach harnesses features in the spectral window function to compare the amplitude and phase of predicted aliases with peaks present in the data. We apply it to confirm prior alias distinctions for the planets GJ 876 d and HD 75898 b. We find that the true periods of Gl 581 d and HD 73526 b/c remain ambiguous. We revise the periods of HD 156668 b and 55 Cnc e, which were afflicted by daily aliases. For HD 156668 b, the correct period is 1.2699 days and the minimum mass is (3.1 +/- 0.4) M(circle plus) For 55 Cnc e, the correct period is 0.7365 days-the shortest of any known planet-and the minimum mass is (8.3 +/- 0.3) M(circle plus). This revision produces a significantly improved five-planet Keplerian fit for 55 Cnc, and a self-consistent dynamical fit describes the data just as well. As radial velocity techniques push to ever-smaller planets, often found in systems of multiple planets, distinguishing true periods from aliases will become increasingly important. C1 [Dawson, Rebekah I.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dawson, RI (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 10, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rdawson@cfa.harvard.edu; daniel.fabrycky@gmail.com OI Fabrycky, Daniel/0000-0003-3750-0183 FU Harvard University Department of Astronomy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Harvard University Department of Astronomy and from the Michelson Fellowship, supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and administered by the NASA Exoplanet Science Center. We thank Debra Fischer, Andrew Howard, Greg Henry, Barbara McArthur, and GeoffMarcy for helpful discussions. We thank two anonymous referees and editor Steven Kawaler for their insightful feedback. We are also grateful for helpful comments from Eric Agol, Christopher Burke, and Scott Tremaine. NR 47 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 1 BP 937 EP 953 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/1/937 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 663SH UT WOS:000282908900079 ER PT J AU Kriek, M Labbe, I Conroy, C Whitaker, KE van Dokkum, PG Brammer, GB Franx, M Illingworth, GD Marchesini, D Muzzin, A Quadri, RF Rudnick, G AF Kriek, Mariska Labbe, Ivo Conroy, Charlie Whitaker, Katherine E. van Dokkum, Pieter G. Brammer, Gabriel B. Franx, Marijn Illingworth, Garth D. Marchesini, Danilo Muzzin, Adam Quadri, Ryan F. Rudnick, Gregory TI THE SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF POST-STARBURST GALAXIES IN THE NEWFIRM MEDIUM-BAND SURVEY: A LOW CONTRIBUTION FROM TP-AGB STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; galaxies: stellar content; stars: AGB and post-AGB ID STELLAR POPULATION SYNTHESIS; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; GIANT BRANCH STARS; SIMILAR-TO 7; SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTIES; METALLICITY RELATION; QUIESCENT GALAXIES; FORMING GALAXIES; RED GALAXIES AB Stellar population synthesis (SPS) models are a key ingredient of many galaxy evolution studies. Unfortunately, the models are still poorly calibrated for certain stellar evolution stages. Of particular concern is the treatment of the thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) phase, as different implementations lead to systematic differences in derived galaxy properties. Post-starburst galaxies are a promising calibration sample, as TP-AGB stars are thought to be most prominently visible during this phase. Here, we use post-starburst galaxies in the NEWFIRM medium-band survey to assess different SPS models. The available photometry allows the selection of a homogeneous and well-defined sample of 62 post-starburst galaxies at 0.7 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 2.0, from which we construct a well-sampled composite spectral energy distribution (SED) over the range 1200-40000 angstrom. The SED is well fit by the Bruzual & Charlot SPS models, while the Maraston models do not reproduce the rest-frame optical and near-infrared parts of the SED simultaneously. When the fitting is restricted to lambda < 6000 angstrom, the Maraston models overpredict the near-infrared luminosity, implying that these models give too much weight to TP-AGB stars. Using the flexible SPS models by Conroy et al. and assuming solar metallicity, we find that the contribution of TP-AGB stars to the integrated SED is a factor of similar to 3 lower than predicted by the latest Padova TP-AGB models. Whether this is due to lower bolometric luminosities, shorter lifetimes, and/or heavy dust obscuration of TP-AGB stars remains to be addressed. Altogether, our data demand a low contribution from TP-AGB stars to the SED of post-starburst galaxies. C1 [Kriek, Mariska; Conroy, Charlie] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Labbe, Ivo] Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Conroy, Charlie] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Whitaker, Katherine E.; van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Brammer, Gabriel B.; Muzzin, Adam] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Franx, Marijn; Quadri, Ryan F.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Illingworth, Garth D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Marchesini, Danilo] Tufts Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Rudnick, Gregory] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Kriek, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 48 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD OCT 10 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 1 BP L64 EP L69 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/722/1/L64 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 654TC UT WOS:000282192300013 ER PT J AU Norris, JE Gilmore, G Wyse, RFG Yong, D Frebel, A AF Norris, John E. Gilmore, Gerard Wyse, Rosemary F. G. Yong, David Frebel, Anna TI AN EXTREMELY CARBON-RICH, EXTREMELY METAL-POOR STAR IN THE SEGUE 1 SYSTEM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: abundances; galaxies: dwarf; galaxies: individual (Segue 1); Galaxy: abundances ID DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MILKY-WAY; 1ST STARS; ABUNDANCE ANALYSIS; BOOTES I; KINEMATICS; HALO; SPECTROSCOPY; EVOLUTION AB We report the analysis of high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio, spectra of an extremely metal-poor, extremely C-rich red giant, Seg 1-7, in Segue 1-described in the literature alternatively as an unusually extended globular cluster or an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy. The radial velocity of Seg 1-7 coincides precisely with the systemic velocity of Segue 1, and its chemical abundance signature of [Fe/H] = -3.52, [C/Fe] = +2.3, [N/Fe] = +0.8, [Na/Fe] = +0.53, [Mg/Fe] = +0.94, [Al/Fe] = +0.23, and [Ba/Fe] < -1.0 is similar to that of the rare and enigmatic class of Galactic halo objects designated CEMP-no (carbon-rich, extremely metal-poor with no enhancement (over solar ratios) of heavy neutron-capture elements). This is the first star in a Milky Way "satellite" that unambiguously lies on the metal-poor, C-rich branch of the Aoki et al. bimodal distribution of field halo stars in the ([C/Fe], [Fe/H])-plane. Available data permit us only to identify Seg 1-7 as a member of an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy or as debris from the Sgr dwarf spheroidal galaxy. In either case, this demonstrates that at extremely low abundance, [Fe/H] < -3.0, star formation and associated chemical evolution proceeded similarly in the progenitors of both the field halo and satellite systems. By extension, this is consistent with other recent suggestions that the most metal-poor dwarf spheroidal and ultra-faint dwarf satellites were the building blocks of the Galaxy's outer halo. C1 [Norris, John E.; Yong, David] Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Gilmore, Gerard] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Wyse, Rosemary F. G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Frebel, Anna] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Norris, JE (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Cotter Rd, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. EM jen@mso.anu.edu.au FU Australian Research Council [DP0663562, DP0984924]; W. M. Keck Foundation; Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation; NSF [AST-0908326]; Clay Fellowship FX Studies at RSAA, ANU, of the most metal-poor stellar populations are supported by Australian Research Council grants DP0663562 and DP0984924, which J.E.N. and D.Y. gratefully acknowledge. R. F. G. W. acknowledges grants from the W. M. Keck Foundation and the Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation, to establish a program of data-intensive science at the Johns Hopkins University, and NSF grant AST-0908326. A. F. is supported by a Clay Fellowship administered by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. NR 42 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD OCT 10 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 1 BP L104 EP L109 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/722/1/L104 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 654TC UT WOS:000282192300021 ER PT J AU Wiederholt, R Fernandez-Duque, E Diefenbach, DR Rudran, R AF Wiederholt, Ruscena Fernandez-Duque, Eduardo Diefenbach, Duane R. Rudran, Rasanayagam TI Modeling the impacts of hunting on the population dynamics of red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Individual-based model; Reserve area; Hunting sustainability; Neotropical forests; Landscape model ID SEED DISPERSAL; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; LOCALIZED MANAGEMENT; PRIMATE COMMUNITIES; TROPICAL FORESTS; AFRICAN LIONS; FRENCH-GUIANA; RAIN-FOREST; CONSERVATION; VERTEBRATES AB Overexploitation of wildlife populations occurs across the humid tropics and is a significant threat to the long-term survival of large-bodied primates. To investigate the impacts of hunting on primates and ways to mitigate them, we developed a spatially explicit, individual-based model for a landscape that included hunted and un-hunted areas. We used the large-bodied neotropical red howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus) as our case study species because its life history characteristics make it vulnerable to hunting. We modeled the influence of different rates of harvest and proportions of landscape dedicated to un-hunted reserves on population persistence, population size, social dynamics, and hunting yields of red howler monkeys. In most scenarios, the un-hunted populations maintained a constant density regardless of hunting pressure elsewhere, and allowed the overall population to persist. Therefore, the overall population was quite resilient to extinction; only in scenarios without any un-hunted areas did the population go extinct. However, the total and hunted populations did experience large declines over 100 years under moderate and high hunting pressure. In addition, when reserve area decreased, population losses and losses per unit area increased disproportionately. Furthermore, hunting disrupted the social structure of troops. The number of male turnovers and infanticides increased in hunted populations, while birth rates decreased and exacerbated population losses due to hunting. Finally, our results indicated that when more than 55% of the landscape was harvested at high (30%) rates, hunting yields, as measured by kilograms of biomass, were less than those obtained from moderate harvest rates. Additionally, hunting yields, expressed as the number of individuals hunted/year/km(2), increased in proximity to un-hunted areas, and suggested that dispersal from un-hunted areas may have contributed to hunting sustainability. These results indicate that un-hunted areas serve to enhance hunting yields, population size, and population persistence in hunted landscapes. Therefore, spatial regulation of hunting via a reserve system may be an effective management strategy for sustainable hunting, and we recommend it because it may also be more feasible to implement than harvest quotas or restrictions on season length. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wiederholt, Ruscena] Penn State Univ, Ecol Intercoll Grad Degree Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fernandez-Duque, Eduardo] Univ Penn, Dept Anthropol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Fernandez-Duque, Eduardo] Ctr Ecol Aplicada Litoral, RA-3400 Corrientes Argentina, Argentina. [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rudran, Rasanayagam] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Wiederholt, R (reprint author), 423 Carpenter Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM rpw143@psu.edu; eduardof@sas.upenn.edu; ddiefenbach@psu.edu; rudran@msn.com FU Pennsylvania State University; National Institutes of Mental Health [MH 28840-01]; Smithsonian Institution; Friends of the National Zoo FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions which improved the article. This research was funded by a graduate computing fellowship from the Pennsylvania State University to RW. The field investigations were funded by the National Institutes of Mental Health Grant # MH 28840-01, by several grants from the Smithsonian Institution's International Environmental Sciences Program, and by the Friends of the National Zoo awarded to the late J.F Eisenberg and R. Rudran. Rudran thanks the late Sr. Tomas Blohm and his wife Cecilia for their long years of friendship and unfailing support for the red howler project. He also thanks F. Boccardo, N.A. Muckenhirn, D.S. Mack, J.G. Robinson, R.W. Thorington Jr., D.E. Wilson, C.M. Crockett, C. Saavedra, T. Pope, late S. Crissey, D. Rumiz, X. Valderrama, K. Sestrich, G. Agoramoorthy, and B. Kilber for various types of assistance during the field study. Fernandez-Duque was supported through a postdoctoral fellowship of the Smithsonian Institution while organizing the data set and by the Argentinean CONICET, the Zoological Society of San Diego, and the University of Pennsylvania during the analysis of the data and preparation of the manuscript. NR 70 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 10 PY 2010 VL 221 IS 20 BP 2482 EP 2490 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.06.026 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 657HL UT WOS:000282403700007 ER PT J AU Pyenson, ND Irmis, RB Lipps, JH AF Pyenson, Nicholas D. Irmis, Randall B. Lipps, Jere H. TI Comment on "Climate, Critters, and Cetaceans: Cenozoic Drivers of the Evolution of Modern Whales" SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID DIVERSITY; PRODUCTIVITY C1 [Pyenson, Nicholas D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Pyenson, Nicholas D.] Burke Museum Nat Hist & Culture, Dept Mammal, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pyenson, Nicholas D.] Burke Museum Nat Hist & Culture, Dept Paleontol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Irmis, Randall B.] Utah Museum Nat Hist, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Irmis, Randall B.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Lipps, Jere H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Paleontol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lipps, Jere H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pyenson, ND (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM pyensonn@si.edu OI Lipps, Jere/0000-0003-0592-7537 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 8 PY 2010 VL 330 IS 6001 DI 10.1126/science.1189866 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 660LP UT WOS:000282644600021 PM 20929760 ER PT J AU Cohen, O Attrill, GDR Schwadron, NA Crooker, NU Owens, MJ Downs, C Gombosi, TI AF Cohen, O. Attrill, G. D. R. Schwadron, N. A. Crooker, N. U. Owens, M. J. Downs, C. Gombosi, T. I. TI Numerical simulation of the 12 May 1997 CME Event: The role of magnetic reconnection SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; FLUX ROPE MODEL; EIT WAVES; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; SOLAR CORONA; EVOLUTION; FLARES; SUN; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; TOPOLOGY AB We perform a numerical study of the evolution of a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) and its interaction with the coronal magnetic field based on the 12 May 1997, CME event using a global MagnetoHydroDynamic (MHD) model for the solar corona. The ambient solar wind steady-state solution is driven by photospheric magnetic field data, while the solar eruption is obtained by superimposing an unstable flux rope onto the steady-state solution. During the initial stage of CME expansion, the core flux rope reconnects with the neighboring field, which facilitates lateral expansion of the CME footprint in the low corona. The flux rope field also reconnects with the oppositely orientated overlying magnetic field in the manner of the breakout model. During this stage of the eruption, the simulated CME rotates counter-clockwise to achieve an orientation that is in agreement with the interplanetary flux rope observed at 1 AU. A significant component of the CME that expands into interplanetary space comprises one of the side lobes created mainly as a result of reconnection with the overlying field. Within 3 hours, reconnection effectively modifies the CME connectivity from the initial condition where both footpoints are rooted in the active region to a situation where one footpoint is displaced into the quiet Sun, at a significant distance (approximate to 1 R-circle dot) from the original source region. The expansion and rotation due to interaction with the overlying magnetic field stops when the CME reaches the outer edge of the helmet streamer belt, where the field is organized on a global scale. The simulation thus offers a new view of the role reconnection plays in rotating a CME flux rope and transporting its footpoints while preserving its core structure. C1 [Cohen, O.; Attrill, G. D. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schwadron, N. A.; Crooker, N. U.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Downs, C.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Owens, M. J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Space Environm Phys Grp, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Gombosi, T. I.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Space Environm Modeling, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Cohen, O (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ocohen@cfa.harvard.edu RI Owens, Mathew/B-3006-2010; Gombosi, Tamas/G-4238-2011; OI Owens, Mathew/0000-0003-2061-2453; Gombosi, Tamas/0000-0001-9360-4951; Cohen, Ofer/0000-0003-3721-0215 FU SHINE through NSF [ATM-0823592, ATM-0553397]; NASA [NNX07AC14G, NNX09AB11G-R]; NASA ESS; NASA ESTO-CT; NSF KDI; DoD MURI FX We thank for two referees for their useful comments and suggestions. O.C. and N.U.C. are supported by SHINE through NSF grants ATM-0823592 and ATM-0553397. N.A.S. was supported through the NASA LWS EMMREM project, grant NNX07AC14G. G.D.R.A. is supported by NASA grant NNX09AB11G-R. Simulation results were obtained using the Space Weather Modelling Framework, developed by the Center for Space Environment Modelling, at the University of Michigan with funding support from NASA ESS, NASA ESTO-CT, NSF KDI, and DoD MURI. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. NR 60 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 7 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A10104 DI 10.1029/2010JA015464 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 716SC UT WOS:000286992800008 ER PT J AU Li, L Zhao, H Vidali, G Frank, Y Lohmar, I Perets, HB Biham, O AF Li, Ling Zhao, Hui Vidali, Gianfranco Frank, Yechiel Lohmar, Ingo Perets, Hagai B. Biham, Ofer TI Interaction of Atomic and Molecular Hydrogen with Tholin Surfaces at Low Temperatures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID 0001 GRAPHITE SURFACE; AMORPHOUS WATER ICE; INTERSTELLAR CONDITIONS; TITANS ATMOSPHERE; GRAIN SURFACES; H-2 FORMATION; DESORPTION; ADSORPTION; AEROSOLS; HAZE AB We study the interaction of atomic and molecular hydrogen with a surface of tholin, a man-made polymer considered to be an analogue of aerosol particles present in Titan's atmosphere, using thermal programmed desorption at low temperatures below 30 K. The results are fitted and analyzed using a fine-grained rate equation model that describes the diffusion, reaction, and desorption processes. We obtain the energy barriers for diffusion and desorption of atomic and molecular hydrogen. These barriers are found to be in the range of 30-60 meV, indicating that atom/molecule-surface interactions in this temperature range are dominated by weak adsorption forces. The implications of these results for the understanding of the atmospheric chemistry of Titan are discussed. C1 [Frank, Yechiel; Lohmar, Ingo; Biham, Ofer] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Li, Ling; Zhao, Hui; Vidali, Gianfranco] Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Perets, Hagai B.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Biham, O (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM biham@phys.huji.ac.il RI Perets, Hagai/K-9605-2015 OI Perets, Hagai/0000-0002-5004-199X FU US-Israel Binational Science Foundation; NSF [AST-0507405] FX We are grateful to Prof. Mark Smith of the University of Arizona for providing the samples and to Dr. Imanaka (University of Arizona) for discussions. We thank the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation for support. G.V. was supported by NSF Grant AST-0507405. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 7 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 39 BP 10575 EP 10583 DI 10.1021/jp104944y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 654ZL UT WOS:000282210000011 PM 20831204 ER EF