FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Wiegand, T He, FL Hubbell, SP AF Wiegand, Thorsten He, Fangliang Hubbell, Stephen P. TI A systematic comparison of summary characteristics for quantifying point patterns in ecology SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL-PATTERNS; SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; TREE; FOREST; RECONSTRUCTION; BIODIVERSITY; INFORMATION; LIMITATION; MEDIA AB Many functional summary characteristics such as Ripley's K function have been used in ecology to describe the spatial structure of point patterns to aid understanding of the underlying processes. However, their use is poorly guided in ecology because little is understood how well single summary characteristics, or a combination of them, capture the spatial structure of real world patterns. Here, we systematically tested the performance of combinations of eight summary characteristics [i.e. pair correlation function g(r), K-function K(r), the proportion E(r) of points with no neighbor at distance r, the nearest neighbor distribution function D(r), the spherical contact distribution Hs(r), the kth nearest-neighbor distribution functions Dk(r), the mean distance nn(k) to the kth neighbor, and the intensity function (x)]. To this end we used point pattern data covering a wide range of spatial structures including simulated (stationary) as well as real, possibly non-stationary, patterns on tree species in a tropical forest in Panama. To measure the information contained in a given combination of summary characteristics we used simulated annealing to reconstruct the observed patterns based only on the limited information provided by this combination and assessed how well other characteristics of the observed pattern were recovered. We found that the number of summary characteristics required to capture the spatial structure of stationary patterns varied between one (for patterns with near random structures) and three (for patterns with complex cluster and superposition structures), but with a robust ranking g(r), Dk(r), and Hs(r) that was largely independent on pattern idiosyncrasies. Stationary summary characteristics [with ranking g(r), Dk(r), Hs(r), E(r)] captured small- to intermediate scale properties of non-stationary patterns, but for describing large-scale spatial structures the intensity function was required. Our finding revealed that the current practice in ecology of using only one or two summary characteristics bears danger that essential characteristics of more complex patterns would not be detected. The technique of pattern reconstruction presented here has wide applications in ecology. C1 [Wiegand, Thorsten] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res UFZ, Dept Ecol Modeling, DE-04301 Leipzig, Germany. [He, Fangliang] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. [Hubbell, Stephen P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hubbell, Stephen P.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. RP Wiegand, T (reprint author), UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res UFZ, Dept Ecol Modeling, PF 500136, DE-04301 Leipzig, Germany. EM thorsten.wiegand@ufz.de RI Wiegand, Thorsten/H-5877-2016 OI Wiegand, Thorsten/0000-0002-3721-2248 FU National Science Foundation; Center for Tropical Forest Science; Smithsonian Tropical Research Inst.; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Mellon Foundation; Celera Foundation; ERC [233066]; NSERC (Canada) FX The BCI forest dynamics research project was made possible by National Science Foundation grants to SPH, support from the Center for Tropical Forest Science, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Inst., the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Mellon Foundation, the Celera Foundation, and numerous private individuals, and through the hard work of over 100 people from 10 countries over the past two decades. The plot project is part the Center for Tropical Forest Science, a global network of large-scale demographic tree plots. TW was supported by the ERC advanced grant 233066, and FH was supported by NSERC (Canada). We thank P. Dixon for his comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 88 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD JAN PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 92 EP 103 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07361.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 103CS UT WOS:000315892600008 ER PT J AU Craft, JD Paul, VJ Sotka, EE AF Craft, Jonathan D. Paul, Valerie J. Sotka, Erik E. TI Biogeographic and phylogenetic effects on feeding resistance of generalist herbivores toward plant chemical defenses SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arms race; generalist herbivore; herbivore feeding preference; latitudinal patterns of biotic interaction; lipophilic compounds; local adaptation; sea urchins; secondary metabolites; tropical vs. temperate herbivory ID DEFENDED PALATABILITY; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY; MARINE HERBIVORE; HOST USE; COMMUNITIES; BIOMASS; FISHES; REEFS; ASSIMILATION AB Many terrestrial and most marine herbivores have generalist diets, yet the role that evolutionary history plays in their foraging behaviors is poorly documented. On tropical hard-bottom reefs, generalist fishes and sea urchins readily consume seaweeds that produce lipophilic secondary metabolites. In contrast, herbivores on temperate reefs less commonly encounter seaweeds with analogous metabolites. This biogeographic pattern suggests that tropical herbivores should evolve greater feeding resistance to lipophilic defenses relative to temperate herbivores, but tests of this biogeographic pattern are rare. We offered lipophilic extracts from nine subtropical seaweeds at two concentrations to sea urchins (four subtropical and three cold-temperate populations) and quantified urchin feeding resistance. Patterns of feeding resistance toward lipophilic defenses were more similar within genera than across genera of urchins, indicating a substantial role for phylogenetic history in the feeding ecology of these generalist herbivores. The biogeographic origin of urchins also influenced feeding resistance, as subtropical species displayed greater feeding resistance than did temperate species. Similarly, a subtropical population of Arbacia punctulata had greater feeding resistance for Dictyota and Stypopodium extracts relative to temperate A. punctulata. We conclude that evolutionary history plays a more central role in the foraging ecology of generalist herbivores than is currently appreciated. C1 [Craft, Jonathan D.; Sotka, Erik E.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Craft, Jonathan D.; Sotka, Erik E.] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Craft, Jonathan D.; Paul, Valerie J.] Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Sotka, EE (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, 205 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM SotkaE@cofc.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0550245, DEB-0919064]; Lerner-Gray Fund (American Museum of Natural History); Link Foundation (Smithsonian Institution) FX Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (OCE-0550245 and DEB-0919064), the Lerner-Gray Fund (American Museum of Natural History), and the Link Foundation (Smithsonian Institution). We thank Sarath Gunasekera, Raphael Ritson-Williams, Dennis Hanisak, Christine Byrum, Marie DeLorenzo, Courtney Murren, Bob Podolsky, and Allan Strand for logistical support or discussion. We thank Sergio Navarrete, Mark Hay, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful critiques. This is publication number 391 of the Grice Marine Laboratory and publication number 890 of the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. Organisms were collected with Florida Special Activity License 06SR-971. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 71 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2013 VL 94 IS 1 BP 18 EP 24 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 107AL UT WOS:000316186900004 PM 23600236 ER PT J AU Schreeg, LA Mack, MC Turner, BL AF Schreeg, Laura A. Mack, Michelle C. Turner, Benjamin L. TI Nutrient-specific solubility patterns of leaf litter across 41 lowland tropical woody species SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado Island, Panama; decomposition; leaching; litter traits; nutrient cycling; terrestrial ecosystems ID N-P STOICHIOMETRY; RAIN-FOREST; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; DECOMPOSITION DYNAMICS; ORGANIC-MATTER; PLANT LITTER; PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; MONTANE FORESTS; NATURAL-WATERS AB Leaching is a mechanism for the release of nutrients from litter or senesced leaves that can drive interactions among plants, microbes, and soil. Although leaching is well established in conceptual models of litter decomposition, potential nutrient solubility of mineral elements from recently senesced litter has seldom been quantified. Using a standardized extraction (1:50 litter-to-water ratio and four-hour extraction) and recently senesced leaf litter of 41 tropical tree and liana species, we investigated how solubility varies among elements, and whether the solubility of elements could be predicted by litter traits (e.g., lignin, total element concentrations). In addition, we investigated nutrient forms (i.e., inorganic and organic) and ratios in leachate. Water-soluble elements per unit litter mass were strongly predicted by total initial litter element concentrations for potassium (K; r(2) 0.79), sodium (Na; r(2) = 0.51) and phosphorus (P; r(2) = 0.66), while a significant but weaker positive relationship was found for nitrogen (N; r(2) = 0.36). There was no significant relationship for carbon (C) or calcium (Ca). Element-specific solubility varied markedly. On average 100% of total K, 35% of total P, 28% of total Na, 5% of total N, 4% of total Ca, and 3% of total C were soluble. For soluble P, 90% was inorganic orthophosphate. The high solubility of K, Na, and P as inorganic orthophosphate suggests that these nutrients can become rapidly available to litter microbes with no metabolic cost. Few common predictors of decomposition rates were correlated with element solubility, although soluble C (milligrams per gram of litter) was negatively related to lignin content (r(2) = 0.19; P < 0.004). Solubility of elements was linked within a species: when a species ranked high in the soluble fraction of one element, it also ranked high in the solubility of other elements. Overall nutrient-specific patterns of solubility from recently senesced litter emphasize that litter elements cannot be treated equally in our conceptual and empirical models of decomposition. The relatively high potential solubility of P as orthophosphate from fresh litter advances our understanding of ecological stoichiometric ratios and nutrient bioavailability in tropical forests. C1 [Schreeg, Laura A.; Mack, Michelle C.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Schreeg, Laura A.] Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Schreeg, Laura A.; Turner, Benjamin L.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Schreeg, LA (reprint author), Brown Univ, 80 Waterman St,Box G-W, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM Laura_Schreeg@brown.edu RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722 FU NSF Dissertation Improvement Grant (DEB) [0909734]; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; University of Florida Alumni Fellowship FX This work was supported by an NSF Dissertation Improvement Grant (DEB No. 0909734). L. A. Schreeg was supported by a Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute short-term research fellowship and a University of Florida Alumni Fellowship. We thank Joe Wright for providing litter samples, Osvaldo Calderon for species identification, Tania Romero for lab assistance and Kaoru Kitajima, Nick Comerford, Ted Schuur, Stephan Hattenschwiler, Stephen Porder's laboratory, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful suggestions. NR 98 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 117 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2013 VL 94 IS 1 BP 94 EP 105 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 107AL UT WOS:000316186900012 PM 23600244 ER PT J AU Bader, MY Reich, T Wagner, S Gonzalez, ASG Zotz, G AF Bader, Maaike Y. Reich, Theresa Wagner, Sebastian Gonzalez Gonzalez, A. Steve Zotz, Gerhard TI Differences in desiccation tolerance do not explain altitudinal distribution patterns of tropical bryophytes SO JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Altitudinal pattern; Climate change; Cloud forest; Desiccation tolerance; Ecophysiology; Rain forest; Tropical bryophytes ID MONTANE RAIN-FOREST; EPIPHYTIC BRYOPHYTES; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; MOSSES; LIGHT; RECOVERY; INTERCEPTION; DIVERSITY; LICHENS; PANAMA AB Bryophyte biomass and diversity vary strongly with altitude in the tropics. Low abundance and low species numbers in lowland rain forests are most likely due to reduced diurnal activity times combined with high nocturnal respiration rates at high temperatures. This may exclude many montane species from the warm lowlands. However, an alternative hypothesis explains the observed pattern, namely a limited desiccation tolerance of montane species, precipitation being more concentrated but less frequent in most lowland forests compared to montane cloud forests. To test this hypothesis, we studied the desiccation tolerance of four montane and four lowland bryophyte species. The effects of prolonged drought were quantified with chlorophyll fluorescence (F-v/F-m) and the extent of electrolyte leakage. Both montane and lowland species survived dry periods of >= 80 days, which far exceeds the duration of dry periods in the wet lowland tropics. We can thus exclude intolerance to long dry spells as an explaination for the absence of the tested montane species in the lowlands. We should continue to focus on other mechanisms to explain the altitudinal gradient of bryophyte abundance and diversity in the tropics, in order to understand this pattern, as well as to predict future trends under climatic warming. C1 [Bader, Maaike Y.; Reich, Theresa; Wagner, Sebastian; Zotz, Gerhard] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. [Gonzalez Gonzalez, A. Steve] Univ Autonoma Chiriqui, David, Panama. [Zotz, Gerhard] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Bader, MY (reprint author), Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. EM maaike.bader@uni-oldenburg.de RI Bader, Maaike/M-7998-2013 OI Bader, Maaike/0000-0003-4300-7598 NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 27 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0373-6687 J9 J BRYOL JI J. Bryol. PY 2013 VL 35 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1179/1743282012Y.0000000033 PN 1 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 112SR UT WOS:000316614200006 ER PT J AU Meisner, K Winkler, U Zotz, G AF Meisner, Kerstin Winkler, Uwe Zotz, Gerhard TI Heteroblasty in bromeliads - anatomical, morphological and physiological changes in ontogeny are not related to the change from atmospheric to tank form SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE foliar nutrient uptake; foliar trichomes; ontogenetic drift; phosphate; potassium; stomata ID TILLANDSIA-DEPPEANA BROMELIACEAE; VRIESEA-SANGUINOLENTA; EPIPHYTIC BROMELIADS; WATER RELATIONS; CARBON GAIN; PLANT SIZE; CONSEQUENCES; TRANSITION; PHYLOGENY; TRICHOMES AB Heteroblasty is defined as an abrupt change in gross morphology during ontogeny, whereas homoblastic species show no or gradual changes. For Bromeliaceae, there are conflicting reports on a very limited number of species on the functional importance of this step change compared with gradual changes (ontogenetic drift). Studying a large set of species should allow more general conclusions. Seventeen homoblastic and heteroblastic species from Panama were investigated, including the entire size range of most species. Measurements included functionally relevant anatomical (water storage tissue), morphological (stomatal and trichome densities) and physiological parameters (transpiration rates, nutrient uptake rates). Size-related variation in all parameters was common, but evidence for a step change in the studied parameters could not be detected in any of the heteroblastic species. Our results caused us to question the widely held view of the course of the ontogenetic development in heteroblastic bromeliads and their functional implications. These findings suggest that the possible functional relevance of heteroblasty in bromeliads require rethinking and future investigations should employ a comparative approach with both homoblastic and heteroblastic species and including the entire size range to account for ontogenetic drift. C1 [Meisner, Kerstin; Winkler, Uwe; Zotz, Gerhard] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Biol & Umweltwissensch, AG Funkt Okol, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. [Zotz, Gerhard] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Zotz, G (reprint author), Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Biol & Umweltwissensch, AG Funkt Okol, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. EM gerhard.zotz@uni-oldenburg.de FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [GZ ZO 94/4-1] FX We thank the Republic of Panama for permits (SE/P-5-19) and the staff of STRI, especially of Barro Colorado Island and Fortuna (Carlos A. Espinosa), for general support. Thanks also to Alischa Stabner (University Oldenburg) for patiently counting trichomes for many hours. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (GZ ZO 94/4-1). NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 30 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2013 VL 40 IS 3 BP 251 EP 262 DI 10.1071/FP12201 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 104PD UT WOS:000316005700005 ER PT B AU Martinsen, ES Perkins, SL AF Martinsen, Ellen S. Perkins, Susan L. BE Carlton, JM Perkins, SL Deitsch, KW TI The Diversity of Plasmodium and other Haemosporidians: The Intersection of Taxonomy, Phylogenetics and Genomics SO MALARIA PARASITES: COMPARATIVE GENOMICS , EVOLUTION AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN MALARIA PARASITE; RNA GENE-SEQUENCES; CYTOCHROME-B; AVIAN BLOOD; FALCIPARUM; DIAGNOSTICS; LIZARDS; DNA; HAEMOPROTEIDAE; SPOROZOITES AB As important agents of disease, a great deal of research has been focused on the malaria parasites. Yet the species that infect humans represent only a small fraction of the diversity of the malaria parasites, and future genomics projects on closely related parasite species with diverse life histories and other key traits will likely serve as important steps to a better understanding of malaria in humans as well as the biology of the group as a whole. Before comparative studies can be performed, however, a robust phylogeny or understanding of the evolutionary history of the group must be in place. The history of the discovery and classification of the malaria parasites has been a long and sometimes circuitous one and while new species surely remain to be discovered, it is important that we continue to adhere to taxonomic principles. Recent advances in molecular systematics have both challenged and enlightened our understanding of the diversity and evolution of these organisms, though the development of new molecular markers still remains a challenge and genome sequencing faces unique hurdles. C1 [Martinsen, Ellen S.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Perkins, Susan L.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Sackler Inst Comparat Genom, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Martinsen, ES (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM ellensarah.martinsen@gmail.com; perkins@amnh.org NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-908230-07-2 PY 2013 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA BDY05 UT WOS:000315604200001 ER PT J AU Szlavecz, K Pitz, SL Bernard, MJ Xia, LJ O'Neill, JP Chang, CH McCormick, MK Whigham, DF AF Szlavecz, Katalin Pitz, Scott L. Bernard, Michael J. Xia, Lijun O'Neill, John P. Chang, Chih-Han McCormick, Melissa K. Whigham, Dennis F. TI Manipulating earthworm abundance using electroshocking in deciduous forests SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Earthworm manipulation; Electroshocking; Deciduous forests ID NORTH TEMPERATE FORESTS; EXOTIC EARTHWORMS; OCTET-METHOD; POPULATIONS; INVASION; RESPIRATION; EXTRACTION; EFFICACY; FIELD AB Earthworms influence the biotic and abiotic characteristics of soils, but studying these effects in situ is challenging. Secondary forests in the Mid-Atlantic have abundant earthworm communities. To investigate the interaction of earthworms with the below- and aboveground part of the ecosystem, we manipulated earthworm densities in 1 m(2) enclosures located at 12 study sites within four different-aged forest stands at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC) in Maryland, USA. The treatment plots were created by trenching around the perimeter and lining the trenches with fiberglass mesh before backfilling. Two types of untrenched plots served as control and leaf litter treatment plots. Enclosures were electroshocked between four and nine times over a two-year period to remove earthworms and to compare densities among treatment and untrenched plots. Earthworms were weighed and identified to determine whether removal by electroshocking varied depending on body size or ecological grouping. Earthworm abundances were 30-50% lower in reduced-density enclosures than in high density enclosures; however, the efficiency of the exclusion treatments varied by earthworm size and ecological group. Manipulating earthworm populations in temperate forests to assess their influence on ecological functions is feasible using electroshocking, but careful planning is essential given the amount of effort required to set up and maintain the desired experimental conditions. (C) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Szlavecz, Katalin; Pitz, Scott L.; Bernard, Michael J.; Xia, Lijun; Chang, Chih-Han] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [O'Neill, John P.; McCormick, Melissa K.; Whigham, Dennis F.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Szlavecz, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM szlavecz@jhu.edu OI Szlavecz, Katalin/0000-0003-2504-0298; Whigham, Dennis/0000-0003-1488-820X FU USDA-CSREES NRI program [2007-35320-18375]; NSF (ERC-MIRTHE); Microsoft Research FX This study was supported by grants from the USDA-CSREES NRI program (2007-35320-18375), NSF (ERC-MIRTHE) and Microsoft Research. Alex Szalay designed and built the electroshocking equipment. Razvan Musaloiu-Elefteri, Douglas Carlson and Andreas Terzis helped setting up the wireless sensor network. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful criticism to earlier versions of the manuscript. Thanks are due to many undergraduates and SERC volunteers for their help during the electroshocking campaigns. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PY 2013 VL 56 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.pedobi.2012.08.008 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 098KF UT WOS:000315547500005 ER PT J AU Deng, T Zhang, DG Liu, ZW Tucker, GC Sun, H Wen, J Nie, ZL AF Deng, Tao Zhang, Dai-Gui Liu, Zhiwei Tucker, Gordon C. Sun, Hang Wen, Jun Nie, Ze-Long TI Oxalis wulingensis (Oxalidaceae), an Unusual New Species from Central China SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE chromosome number; ITS; molecular phylogeny; Wuling Mountains ID HUNAN; ASTERACEAE; TUBEROSA; ORIGINS; HUBEI; DNA AB Oxalis wulingensis, an unusual new species of Oxalidaceae from Hunan and Hubei provinces of central China, is described and illustrated. Placement of this species within Oxalis was assessed based on DNA analyses of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and morphological comparisons with related species. This new species can be easily distinguished by its long, obtriangular leaflets, the two lateral ones arranged at a 180 angle and densely pubescent with brown, villous hairs on both surfaces, pink flowers with lilac veins, and apex of petals obtuse or irregularly denticulate with 3-5 teeth. The chromosome number is 2n = 22. With the addition of O. wulingensis, which is the only species endemic to China, a total of seven native Oxalis occur in the country. A taxonomic key to all Chinese species of Oxalis is also provided. C1 [Deng, Tao; Sun, Hang; Nie, Ze-Long] Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Key Lab Biodivers & Biogeog, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Deng, Tao; Zhang, Dai-Gui] Jishou Univ, Key Lab Plant Resources Conservat & Utilizat, Jishou 416000, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Liu, Zhiwei; Tucker, Gordon C.] Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. [Wen, Jun] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Nie, ZL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Key Lab Biodivers & Biogeog, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, Peoples R China. EM niezl@mail.kib.ac.cn RI Nie, Ze-Long/N-8471-2015 OI Nie, Ze-Long/0000-0001-8065-3981 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC 30970193, 31061160184]; National Nature Science & Technology Infrastructure Project of Ministry of Science and Technology [2005DKA21404] FX We thank Kai Wen and Xiao-Shuang Zhang for making the illustrations, Profs. Qin-Er Yang and Jing-Yi Pang for identifying specimens, and Drs. Amy Eisenberg and Jian-Wen Zhang for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 30970193, 31061160184), and the National Nature Science & Technology Infrastructure Project of Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant no. 2005DKA21404). NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI LARAMIE PA UNIV WYOMING, DEPT BOTANY 3165, 1000 E UNIVERSITY AVE, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JAN-MAR PY 2013 VL 38 IS 1 BP 154 EP 161 DI 10.1600/036364413X661953 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 096UB UT WOS:000315428700019 ER PT S AU Lung, F Potvin, G Sonnert, G Sadler, PM AF Lung, Florin Potvin, Geoff Sonnert, Gerhard Sadler, Phillip M. BE Engelhardt, PV Churukian, AD Rebello, NS TI Welcome To America, Welcome To College: Comparing The Effects Of Immigrant Generation And College Generation On Physical Science and Engineering Career Intentions SO 2012 PHYSICS EDUCATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Physics Education Research Conference on Cultural Perspectives on Learners' Performance and Identity in Physics CY AUG 01-02, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Assoc Phys Teachers DE career choice; college generation; immigrant generation; correspondence analysis AB Students enter college with social, cultural, and economic resources (well described Bourdieus concepts of habitus and capital) that significantly impact their goals, actions, and successes. Two important determinants of the amount and type of resources available to students are their immigrant generation and college generation status. Drawing on a national sample of 6860 freshmen enrolled in college English, we compare and contrast the effects of immigrant generation with those of college generation status on physical science and engineering career intentions to explore some of the challenges faced by the first in the family to become an American and/or go to college. C1 [Lung, Florin; Potvin, Geoff] Clemson Univ, Dept Engn & Sci Educ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Sonnert, Gerhard; Sadler, Phillip M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Sci Educ Dept, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lung, F (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Engn & Sci Educ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM florinlung@gmail.com; gpotvin@clemson.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1134-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1513 BP 270 EP 273 DI 10.1063/1.4789704 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BDU92 UT WOS:000315023900067 ER PT J AU Crowell, AL Howell, WK AF Crowell, Aron L. Howell, Wayne K. TI TIME, ORAL TRADITION, AND ARCHAEOLOGY AT XAKWNOOWU, A LITTLE ICE AGE FORT IN SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC COAST; LANDSCAPE; WARFARE; HISTORY; INUIT; PERSPECTIVES; ORGANIZATION; PREHISTORY; ANTIQUITY; KNOWLEDGE AB As a linguistic medium, oral tradition conveys rich and specific detail about past events but is also subject to alteration in the course of transmission. between generations. As a source for indigenous history, spoken heritage is characteristically specific geographic attribution and thus definitive of cultural landscapes, but it is temporally under-defined because it is unconstrained by calendrical dates. We consider these qualities in relation to Tlingit oral accounts that refer to Xakwnoowu, an 850-year-old fort in the Glacier Bay region of southeastern Alaska. The site is narratively linked to the origins of Tlingit warfare and of the Kaagwaantaan clan, and remains a landmark of historical. consciousness for contemporary descendants. We apply archaeological and geological evidence to date and verify key oral narratives, finding substantial convergence with scientific data and a complementarity of perspective that potentiates fuller understandings of both Tlingit history and environmental change during the Little Ice Age. We conclude that the historicity of oral tradition a topic of wide current debate is clearly demonstrated at Xakwnoowu, although instances of chronological compression are revealed by the analysis. C1 [Crowell, Aron L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Arctic Studies Ctr, Alaska Off, Anchorage, AK 99510 USA. [Howell, Wayne K.] Glacier Bay Natl Pk & Preserve, Gustavus, AK 99826 USA. RP Crowell, AL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Arctic Studies Ctr, Alaska Off, Anchorage, AK 99510 USA. EM crowella@si.edu; wayne_howell@nps.gov NR 98 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 22 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE STE 12, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 USA SN 0002-7316 J9 AM ANTIQUITY JI Am. Antiq. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 78 IS 1 BP 3 EP 23 PG 21 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 083RZ UT WOS:000314484200001 ER PT J AU Finkbeiner, DP Su, M Weniger, C AF Finkbeiner, Douglas P. Su, Meng Weniger, Christoph TI Is the 130 GeV line real? A search for systematics in the Fermi-LAT data SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma ray detectors; dark matter experiments; cosmic ray experiments; gamma ray experiments ID DARK-MATTER; ANNIHILATION; CANDIDATES; PHOTONS AB Our recent claims of a Galactic center feature in Fermi-LAT data at approximately 130 GeV have motivated a large number of papers proposing explanations ranging from dark matter annihilation to monoenergetic pulsar winds. Because of the importance of such interpretations for physics and astrophysics, a discovery will require not only additional data, but a thorough investigation of possible LAT systematics. While we do not have access to the details of each event reconstruction, we do have information about each event from the public event lists and spacecraft parameter files. These data allow us to search for suspicious trends that could indicate a spurious signal. We consider several hypotheses that might make an instrumental artifact more apparent at the Galactic center, and find them implausible. We also search for an instrumental signature in the Earth limb photons, which provide a smooth reference spectrum for null tests. We find no significant 130 GeV feature in the Earth limb sample. However, we do find a marginally significant 130 GeV feature in Earth limb photons with a limited range of detector incidence angles. This raises concerns about the 130 GeV Galactic center feature, even though we can think of no plausible model of instrumental behavior that connects the two. A modest amount of additional limb data would tell us if the limb feature is a statistical fluke. If the limb feature persists, it would raise doubts about the Pass 7 processing of E > 100 GeV events. At present we find no instrumental systematics that could plausibly explain the excess Galactic center emission at 130 GeV. C1 [Finkbeiner, Douglas P.; Su, Meng] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Finkbeiner, Douglas P.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Fundamental Laws Nat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Su, Meng] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Su, Meng] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Weniger, Christoph] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. RP Finkbeiner, DP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, 60 Garden St,MS 51, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dfinkbeiner@cfa.harvard.edu; mengsu@cfa.harvard.edu; weniger@mpp.mpg.de RI Su, Meng/J-4211-2013 FU NASA Fermi Guest Investigator Program; NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship [PF2-130102]; Chandra X-ray Center; NASA [NAS8-03060]; European 1231 Union [PITN-CA-20-11-289/112] FX We thank Neal Weiner, Dan Hooper, and Jesse Thaler for helpful discussions. We acknowledge the use of public data from the Fermi data archive at http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/. M.S. and D.P.F. are partially supported by the NASA Fermi Guest Investigator Program. Support for the work of M.S. was provided by NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship grant number PF2-130102 awarded by the Chandra X-ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for NASA under contract NAS8-03060. C.W. acknowledges partial support from the European 1231 Union FP7 ITN INVISIBLES (Marie Curie Actions, PITN-CA-20-11-289/112). This research made use of the NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) and the IDL Astronomy User's Library at Goddard (available at http://idlastro.gsfc.nasa.gov). NR 56 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 IS 1 AR 029 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2013/01/029 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 086EE UT WOS:000314665600029 ER PT J AU Loss, SR Hueffmeier, RM Hale, CM Host, GE Sjerven, G Frelich, LE AF Loss, Scott R. Hueffmeier, Ryan M. Hale, Cindy M. Host, George E. Sjerven, Gerald Frelich, Lee E. TI Earthworm Invasions in Northern Hardwood Forests: a Rapid Assessment Method SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE earthworm sampling methods; invasive earthworms; Lumbricus rubellus; Lumbricus terrestris; northern hardwood forests ID GROUND-NESTING SONGBIRDS; SAMPLING METHODS; BOREAL FORESTS; NONNATIVE EARTHWORMS; EXOTIC EARTHWORMS; REGIONAL EXTENT; ORGANIC-MATTER; POPULATIONS; LUMBRICIDAE; EXTRACTION AB Non-native earthworm invasions in north-temperate North America cause substantial adverse effects to hardwood forest ecosystems. Quantification of invasions is necessary for understanding impacts and identifying remnant earthworm-free areas, but existing sampling techniques are effort-intensive and/or environmentally damaging. We: (1) developed and applied a protocol that allows rapid classification of earthworm invasion into five stages based primarily on visual assessment of the forest floor, (2) sampled earthworms to test whether the protocol's stages can predict invasion by different species, and (3) assessed relationships between individual forest floor characteristics and presence of different earthworm species. Based on differences in biomass among points assigned to different stages, the 5-stage classification protocol accurately identified the onset of invasion by Lumbricus rubellus and Lumbricus terrestris, the species of greatest management concern in the northern Midwest. Except for middens as a predictor of L. terrestris presence, no forest floor variable was useful by itself for assessing invasions. The 5-stage protocol provides an efficient approach for assessing earthworm invasions in hardwood forests of the U.S. northern Midwest, can be implemented with minimal training, and serves as a blueprint for similar protocols in other regions experiencing earthworm invasions. C1 [Loss, Scott R.] Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Grad Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hueffmeier, Ryan M.; Hale, Cindy M.; Host, George E.; Sjerven, Gerald] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Frelich, Lee E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Loss, SR (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk,POB 37012,MRC 5503, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM LossS@si.edu RI Loss, Scott/B-1504-2014; OI Frelich, Lee/0000-0002-9052-7070 FU American Museum of Natural History; Bell Museum of Natural History; Dayton-Wilkie Foundation; Explorers Club; Great Lakes Worm Watch; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Minnesota Ornithologists' Union; Natural Resources Research Institute; U.S. Forest Service - Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest; Wisconsin Society for Ornithology; University of Minnesota Graduate School Fellowship; NSF IGERT grant: Risk Analysis for Introduced Species and Genotypes [NSF DGE-0653827]; Coastal Zone Management Act, by NOAA's Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management; Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources; Minnesota's Lake Superior Coastal Program FX Research was funded by the American Museum of Natural History, Bell Museum of Natural History, Dayton-Wilkie Foundation, The Explorers Club, Great Lakes Worm Watch, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Minnesota Ornithologists' Union, Natural Resources Research Institute, U.S. Forest Service - Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, and Wisconsin Society for Ornithology. S.R.L. was supported by a University of Minnesota Graduate School Fellowship and an NSF IGERT grant: Risk Analysis for Introduced Species and Genotypes (NSF DGE-0653827). R.M.H. was supported in part under the Coastal Zone Management Act, by NOAA's Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, in cooperation with Minnesota's Lake Superior Coastal Program, and also by the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources. We thank C. Hakseth, L. Lambert, J. Mulligan, M. Sharrow, S.S. Loss, L. Olson, E. Wartman, A. Alness, N. Vander Heiden, M. Hueffmeier, E. Feichtinger, Z. Toland, C. Wright, K. Jeager, J. Johnson and the Minnesota Conservation Corps for field assistance. We also thank R.B. Blair, D.E. Andersen, P. Bolstad, H. Hansen, A. Holdsworth, and B. Sietz for guidance, L. Parker and M. Brzeskiewicz for logistical support, and the Cable Natural History Museum and Minnesota North Shore State Parks for housing and office. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 53 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 33 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 075YB UT WOS:000313922000003 ER PT J AU Didham, RK Edwards, OR Leather, SR Basset, Y AF Didham, Raphael K. Edwards, Owain R. Leather, Simon R. Basset, Yves TI Arthropod diversity and the future of all-taxa inventories SO INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; TAXONOMY; ENLIGHTENMENT; IMPEDIMENT; PHENOMICS; FOREST; WILL C1 [Didham, Raphael K.; Edwards, Owain R.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Ctr Environm & Life Sci, Floreat, WA, Australia. [Didham, Raphael K.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Anim Biol, Crawley, WA, Australia. [Leather, Simon R.] Harper Adams Univ, Dept Crop & Environm Sci, Newport, Shrops, England. [Basset, Yves] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Didham, RK (reprint author), CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Ctr Environm & Life Sci, Floreat, WA, Australia. RI Edwards, Owain/B-9707-2008; Didham, Raphael/B-5953-2011; Basset, Yves/B-6642-2014; OI Leather, Simon/0000-0003-3007-8514 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-458X EI 1752-4598 J9 INSECT CONSERV DIVER JI Insect. Conserv. Divers. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1111/icad.12022 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 075JC UT WOS:000313880200001 ER PT J AU Veijalainen, A Saaksjarvi, IE Erwin, TL Gomez, IC Longino, JT AF Veijalainen, Anu Saaksjarvi, Ilari E. Erwin, Terry L. Gomez, Isrrael C. Longino, John T. TI Subfamily composition of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from western Amazonia: Insights into diversity of tropical parasitoid wasps SO INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Abundance; canopy; idiobiont; koinobiont; Neotropics; parasitoid wasps; tropical rain forest ID SPECIES-RICHNESS; LATITUDINAL GRADIENT; COSTA-RICA; BIODIVERSITY; FOREST; PIMPLINAE; GENERA; INTEGRATION; PATTERNS; INSECTS AB . 1. Previous studies have found the parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) to have an exceptional latitudinal species richness gradient that peaks at mid-latitudes instead of the tropics; however, insufficient tropical sampling and species description may have biased the conclusions. It has been unclear which subfamilies might be species rich in tropical lowland rain forests. 2. This study reports the subfamily abundance composition of a large ichneumonid data set (>30 000 individuals in 20 subfamilies) collected by Malaise traps and insecticidal canopy fogging in Amazonian Ecuador and Peru and suggests which subfamilies would be important for future study. 3. Relative abundance data from one Peruvian site are compared to similar lowland samples from Costa Rica and Georgia (USA). 4. Contrary to a common assumption, a number of ichneumonid subfamilies are very abundant and presumably species rich in western Amazonia. Cryptinae and Orthocentrinae are noticeably the two most abundant subfamilies, and a number of koinobiont lepidopteran parasitoids, which are generally thought to be scarce in the tropics, are also surprisingly abundant (e.g. Anomaloninae, Banchinae and Cremastinae). However, the subfamilies whose primary hosts are rare in the tropics (e.g. Ctenopelmatinae, Tryphoninae) can still be expected to be more diverse in the temperate than in tropical zone. 5. Further research on the latitudinal species richness gradient within different ichneumonid subfamilies is encouraged to help understand what factors determine macroecological species richness patterns and what is the total number of ichneumonid species on earth. C1 [Veijalainen, Anu] Univ Turku, Zool Museum, Dept Biol, Sect Biodivers & Environm Sci, FI-20014 Turku, Finland. [Erwin, Terry L.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Longino, John T.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Veijalainen, A (reprint author), Univ Turku, Zool Museum, Dept Biol, Sect Biodivers & Environm Sci, FI-20014 Turku, Finland. EM anuvei@utu.fi FU Smithsonian Institution; Finnish Society of Forest Science; Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation; University of Turku Foundation; Finnish Cultural Foundation; Biological Society of Finland Vanamo; Ministry of Education (Biological Interactions Graduate School); Entomological Society of Finland; Kone Foundation; Amazon Conservation Association ACCA-Peru; Centre for International Mobility (CIMO); National Science Foundation [DEB-0640015] FX The authors want to thank the Smithsonian Institution for awarding a Graduate Student Fellowship, the Finnish Society of Forest Science, Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation and the University of Turku Foundation for providing personal funding, and the Finnish Cultural Foundation and the Biological Society of Finland Vanamo for travel grants to Anu Veijalainen. The Ministry of Education (Biological Interactions Graduate School) and the Entomological Society of Finland provided personal funding for Ilari E. Saaksjarvi during the NRAM inventories. Kone Foundation grant (Biodiversity and multiple trophic interactions) awarded to Ilari E. Saaksjarvi supported tropical parasitoid research. The Peruvian research and exportation permits were given by the Ministry of Agriculture (Peru). The Amazon Conservation Association ACCA-Peru and the Centre for International Mobility (CIMO) contributed financially to Isrrael C. Gomez's work. John T. Longino was supported by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0640015 (Project LLAMA). Reijo Jussila and Ian D. Gauld participated in the identification of the NRAM specimens, and several interns were of great help with preparing the specimens at the Zoological Museum, University of Turku. We also thank the two anonymous referees for their comments on the manuscript. NR 73 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-458X EI 1752-4598 J9 INSECT CONSERV DIVER JI Insect. Conserv. Divers. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 28 EP 37 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2012.00185.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 075JC UT WOS:000313880200004 ER PT J AU Peters, VE Carroll, CR Cooper, RJ Greenberg, R Solis, M AF Peters, Valerie E. Carroll, C. Ronald Cooper, Robert J. Greenberg, Russell Solis, Manuel TI The contribution of plant species with a steady-state flowering phenology to native bee conservation and bee pollination services SO INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Agroforestry systems; bees; ecosystem service; phenology; pollination; steady-state ID TROPICAL AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; COFFEA-CANEPHORA; EUGLOSSINE BEES; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; FOREST; BIRDS; FRUIT; HYMENOPTERA AB . 1. Neotropical organisms have evolved in an environment of relatively low temporal variation in food availability, but when neotropical forests are converted to agriculture, the temporal patchiness of food resources is increased. Plant species with a continuous (i.e. steady-state) flowering/fruiting phenology are unique to the tropics and may more evenly distribute food resources temporally in agroecosystems. 2. Here, we test the effects of an experimentally planted supplemental steady-state floral resource, Hamelia patens Jacq., on bee diversity and pollination services in coffee agroforests. In addition, we evaluate effects of the steady-state resource during low-density and mass coffee blooms. 3. Malaise trap data indicated that bee species density was significantly higher in coffee agroforests with the supplemental steady-state floral resources [11.89 +/- 1.62 (SE)] compared to those without (8.88 +/- 1.10). 4. The steady-state floral resource had a negative impact on native bee visits to coffee flowers and a positive impact on Apis mellifera visits to coffee flowers (e.g. during low-density blooms agroforests with steady-state resources had 76% fewer native bee and 130% more A. mellifera visits to coffee flowers). Although coffee initial fruit set rates were higher across all agroforests during low-density blooms (0.74 +/- 0.03) compared to the mass bloom (0.59 +/- 0.03), steady-state floral resources did not affect initial fruit set rates (Z = -1.05, P = 0.29). 5. Our results suggest that plants with a steady-state phenology can provide more reliable resources for bees, supporting the conservation of wild bees in agroforests. However, steady-state flowering may draw native bees away from the focal crop, especially during low-density flowering. C1 [Peters, Valerie E.; Carroll, C. Ronald] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Cooper, Robert J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Greenberg, Russell] Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Solis, Manuel] Natl Inst Biodivers INBio, Santo Domingo De Heredia, Costa Rica. RP Peters, VE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, 3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM cazamosca@gmail.com FU EarthWatch Institute FX This research was supported by grants from the EarthWatch Institute. We thank M. Brody, R. Rojas, the Earthwatch Volunteers, and the farmers (O. Salazar, A. Vega, G. Lobo, R. Leiton, O. Ramirez, and O. Garro) for their hospitality and allowing us not only access to their farms, but also to perform experimental manipulations. We also thank S. M. Philpott and two anonymous reviewers who provided helpful comments on a previous version of the manuscript. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 84 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-458X J9 INSECT CONSERV DIVER JI Insect. Conserv. Divers. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2012.00189.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 075JC UT WOS:000313880200006 ER PT J AU Burns, JM Janzen, DH Hallwachs, W Hajibabaei, M AF Burns, John M. Janzen, Daniel H. Hallwachs, Winnie Hajibabaei, Mehrdad TI DNA BARCODES REVEAL YET ANOTHER NEW SPECIES OF VENADA (LEPIDOPTERA: HESPERIIDAE) IN NORTHWESTERN COSTA RICA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE genitalia (male and female); foodplants; Lauraceae; Ocotea hartshorniana; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste; variation; caterpillar ID SKIPPER BUTTERFLIES AB DNA barcodes provided the first clue to Venada lamella Burns, new species. This is the fifth species of the panneotropical but formerly monotypic genus Venada to be discovered on Volcan Cacao, a small volcano in Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica. Two adult females of this skipper butterfly were reared from caterpillars feeding on a species of Ocotea (Lauraceae). The skipper's ACG congeners have been reared in large numbers and found to eat plants not only in Ocotea but also in five other lauraceous genera. One adult male of V lamella was taken at black light on adjacent Volcan Orosi. Barcodes clearly associate the sexes and widely separate all five species of Venada in a neighbor-joining tree. Interspecific barcode differences range from about 4.5% to about 8.3%. Traditional taxonomic characters (facies, male and female genitalia) distinguish V lamella from its congeners and reinforce the barcode data. Since V lamella inhabits rainforest, and its congeners in ACG inhabit rainforest and cloud forest, and since genus Venada is panneotropical, it probably comprises many more species than are currently recognized. Although five species have been described from a limited area within ACG, their geographic distributions are undoubtedly more extensive. C1 [Burns, John M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Janzen, Daniel H.; Hallwachs, Winnie] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hajibabaei, Mehrdad] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Biodivers Inst Ontario, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Burns, JM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 127, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM burnsj@si.edu; mhajibab@uoguelph.ca FU U.S. National Science Foundation [BSR 9024770, DEB 9306296, 9400829, 9705072, 0072730, 0515699]; Wege Foundation; International Conservation Fund of Canada; Jessie B. Cox Charitable Trust; Blue Moon Fund; Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste; University of Pennsylvania; Government of Canada through Genome Canada; Ontario Genomics Institute; NSERC Canada FX We thank the following individuals in the Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC: Kane Darrow for photographs (Figs. 1-4 and 10-16) and assembly of figures, Young Sohn for drawings (Figs. 5-9), and Donald Harvey for genitalia dissections. Supported by U.S. National Science Foundation grants BSR 9024770 and DEB 9306296, 9400829, 9705072, 0072730, 0515699, and grants from the Wege Foundation, International Conservation Fund of Canada, Jessie B. Cox Charitable Trust, Blue Moon Fund, Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund, Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, and University of Pennsylvania (DHJ and WH); by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Ontario Genomics Institute, and by NSERC Canada (MN). NR 13 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 115 IS 1 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.115.1.37 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 088SX UT WOS:000314858500003 ER PT J AU Miller, SE Hrcek, J Novotny, V Weiblen, GD Hebert, PDN AF Miller, Scott E. Hrcek, Jan Novotny, Vojtech Weiblen, George D. Hebert, Paul D. N. TI DNA barcodes of caterpillars (Lepidoptera) from Papua New Guinea SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Miller, Scott E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Hrcek, Jan; Novotny, Vojtech] Univ S Bohemia, Fac Sci, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Hrcek, Jan; Novotny, Vojtech] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Ctr Biol, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Weiblen, George D.] Univ Minnesota, Bell Museum, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Weiblen, George D.] 250 Biol Sci Ctr, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hebert, Paul D. N.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Hebert, Paul D. N.] Univ Guelph, Biodivers Inst Ontario, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Miller, SE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC 105, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM millers@si.edu RI Hebert, Paul/C-4161-2013; Novotny, Vojtech/G-9434-2014; Hrcek, Jan/D-7335-2015; OI Hebert, Paul/0000-0002-3081-6700; Novotny, Vojtech/0000-0001-7918-8023; Hrcek, Jan/0000-0003-0711-6447; Miller, Scott/0000-0002-4138-1378 NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 20 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 115 IS 1 BP 107 EP 109 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.115.1.107 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 088SX UT WOS:000314858500010 ER PT J AU Lewis, CS AF Lewis, Cathleen S. TI The Cosmonaut Who Couldn't Stop Smiling: The Life and Legend of Yuri Gagarin SO RUSSIAN REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Lewis, Cathleen S.] Smithsonian Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC USA. RP Lewis, CS (reprint author), Smithsonian Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0036-0341 J9 RUSS REV JI Russ. Rev. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 72 IS 1 BP 170 EP 171 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 075HL UT WOS:000313875300032 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, Michael G. TI A review of the Paectes arcigera species complex (Guenee) (Lepidoptera, Euteliidae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Taxonomy; new species; Brazilian peppertree; Schinus terebinthifolius; Anacardiaceae; invasive species; new host records ID FLORIDA AB Five new species of Paectes Hubner [1818] related to Paectes arcigera (Guenee) (Puerto Rico, U. S. Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands, Guadeloupe, Dominica, St. Lucia, Trinidad) and P. longiformis Pogue (Brazil) are described: P. asper sp. n. (Florida, Bahamas, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, British Virgin Islands, U. S. Virgin Islands, Dominica, Colombia), P. medialba sp. n. (Argentina), P. similis sp. n. (Brazil), P. sinuosa sp. n. (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay), and P. tumida sp. n. (Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana). Adults and genitalia are illustrated for all species. Taxonomic changes include the rev. stat. of P. nana (Walker) (Florida, Greater Antilles, Mexico, Guatemala, Galapagos) as a valid species and revised synonyms P. indefatigabilis Schaus and P. isabel Schaus as junior synonyms of P. nana instead of P. arcigera. New host records for P. sinuosa and P. nana reared on Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Anacardiaceae) are presented. The holotype and female genitalia of P. obrotunda (Guenee) are illustrated. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,USDA,NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,USDA,NMNH, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.pogue@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2013 IS 264 SI SI BP 125 EP 163 DI 10.3897/zookeys.264.3274 PG 39 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 086KW UT WOS:000314683500007 PM 23730180 ER PT J AU Metzler, EH Knudson, EC Poole, RW Lafontaine, JD Pogue, MG AF Metzler, Eric H. Knudson, Edward C. Poole, Robert W. Lafontaine, J. Donald Pogue, Michael G. TI A review of the genus Ogdoconta Butler (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Condicinae, Condicini) from North America north of Mexico with descriptions of three new species SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Review DE Biological diversity; Condicinae; Condicini; Arizona; New Mexico; Texas; Ogdoconta; Carlsbad Caverns National Park; Louisiana; Mississippi; Florida AB The species of the genus Ogdoconta Butler, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Condicinae, Condicini) from North America north of Mexico are reviewed, and a description of the genus is given. Ogdoconta satana Metzler, Knudson & Poole, sp. n., is described from New Mexico and Texas, Ogdoconta rufipenna Metzler, Knudson & Poole, sp. n., is described from Arizona, and Ogdoconta fergusoni Metzler & Lafontaine, sp. n., is described from Florida, Mississippi, and Louisiana. A key to the species of Ogdoconta of North America north of Mexico is provided. Adult moths and male and female genitalia of Ogdoconta satana, O. rufipenna, O. fergusoni, O. cinereola (Guenee, 1852), O. moreno Barnes, 1907, O. sexta Barnes & McDunnough, 1913, O. altura Barnes, 1904, and O. tacna (Barnes, 1904) are illustrated. C1 [Metzler, Eric H.] USNM Nat Hist Museum, Alamogordo, NM 88311 USA. [Knudson, Edward C.] Texas Lepidoptera Survey, Houston, TX 77055 USA. [Poole, Robert W.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Lafontaine, J. Donald] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Canadian Natl Collect Insects Arachnids & Nematod, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Pogue, Michael G.] Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,USDA, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Metzler, EH (reprint author), USNM Nat Hist Museum, POB 45, Alamogordo, NM 88311 USA. EM metzlere@msu.edu FU Chihuahuan Desert Conservation Alliance, Carlsbad, NM FX The National Parks Foundation, Washington, DC, the Adopt-A-Bat program, administered by the Carlsbad Caverns-Guadalupe Mountain Association, Carlsbad, NM, and the Chihuahuan Desert Conservation Alliance, Carlsbad, NM all contributed travel funding for the study of Lepidoptera at Carlsbad Caverns National Park. We are grateful for their financial support. Renee West, Supervisory Biologist, Carlsbad Caverns National Park was especially helpful with logistics. Jocelyn Gill provided her special skills in preparation of the figures. Several persons were available for consultation, or made specimens or photographs or data available for study from their institutions or personal collections; Vernon A. Brou, Jr., Richard L. Brown, Charles V. Covell, Jr., Jason J. Dombroskie, Julian P. Donahue, John B. Heppner, E. Richard Hoebeke, Leroy C. Koehn, Jon A. Lewis, James K. Liebherr, Philip D. Perkins, Michele A. Touchet, J. Bruce Walsh, Andrew D. Warren, and Weiping Xie. Martin Honey from the Natural History Museum, London, examined the type of O. cymographa Hampson, 1910, and he placed the Lectotype label on the syntype specimen of Placodes cinereola Guenee, 1852. Patricia A. Metzler faithfully accompanied Metzler on his many collecting trips to Carlsbad Caverns National Park, and she accompanied him on several long driving trips to Washington, DC and other locations for the purpose of identifying specimens. She contributed financially to the study. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2013 IS 264 SI SI BP 165 EP 191 DI 10.3897/zookeys.264.4060 PG 27 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 086KW UT WOS:000314683500008 PM 23717183 ER PT J AU Sharma, S Dutta, T Maldonado, JE Wood, TC Panwar, HS Seidensticker, J AF Sharma, Sandeep Dutta, Trishna Maldonado, Jesus E. Wood, Thomas C. Panwar, Hemendra Singh Seidensticker, John TI Spatial genetic analysis reveals high connectivity of tiger (Panthera tigris) populations in the Satpura-Maikal landscape of Central India SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Central India; connectivity; non-invasive genetic analysis; Panthera tigris; spatial genetics; tiger ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; CAT FELIS-CATUS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; WILD TIGERS; DIFFERENTIATION; SOFTWARE; SAMPLES; MICROSATELLITES; ERRORS AB We investigated the spatial genetic structure of the tiger meta-population in the SatpuraMaikal landscape of central India using population- and individual-based genetic clustering methods on multilocus genotypic data from 273 individuals. The SatpuraMaikal landscape is classified as a global-priority Tiger Conservation Landscape (TCL) due to its potential for providing sufficient habitat that will allow the long-term persistence of tigers. We found that the tiger meta-population in the SatpuraMaikal landscape has high genetic variation and very low genetic subdivision. Individual-based Bayesian clustering algorithms reveal two highly admixed genetic populations. We attribute this to forest connectivity and high gene flow in this landscape. However, deforestation, road widening, and mining may sever this connectivity, impede gene exchange, and further exacerbate the genetic division of tigers in central India. C1 [Sharma, Sandeep; Dutta, Trishna; Maldonado, Jesus E.; Seidensticker, John] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Sharma, Sandeep; Dutta, Trishna; Wood, Thomas C.] George Mason Univ, Environm Sci & Policy Dept, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Maldonado, Jesus E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Panwar, Hemendra Singh] Peace Inst Charitable Trust, Delhi 110091, India. RP Sharma, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM sandeeps17@gmail.com FU Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI); Friends of the National Zoo (FONZ); Kathryn Fuller Science for Nature Fund of World Wildlife Fund (WWF); International Bear Association (IBA) FX Funding for this study was provided by Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI), Friends of the National Zoo (FONZ), Kathryn Fuller Science for Nature Fund of World Wildlife Fund (WWF), and International Bear Association (IBA). NR 68 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 7 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 3 IS 1 BP 48 EP 60 DI 10.1002/ece3.432 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 074AJ UT WOS:000313783900004 PM 23403813 ER PT J AU Dick, CW Lewis, SL Maslin, M Bermingham, E AF Dick, Christopher W. Lewis, Simon L. Maslin, Mark Bermingham, Eldredge TI Neogene origins and implied warmth tolerance of Amazon tree species SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Amazon forests; comparative phylogeography; ecological niche models; global change; molecular clock; thermal tolerance; tropical trees ID RAIN-FOREST TREES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIOGEOGRAPHIC HISTORY; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; BIOTIC ATTRITION; TROPICAL TREE; DIVERSIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; BIODIVERSITY; PERSPECTIVE AB Tropical rain forest has been a persistent feature in South America for at least 55 similar to million years. The future of the contemporary Amazon forest is uncertain, however, as the region is entering conditions with no past analogue, combining rapidly increasing air temperatures, high atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, possible extreme droughts, and extensive removal and modification by humans. Given the long-term Cenozoic cooling trend, it is unknown whether Amazon forests can tolerate air temperature increases, with suggestions that lowland forests lack warm-adapted taxa, leading to inevitable species losses. In response to this uncertainty, we posit a simple hypothesis: the older the age of a species prior to the Pleistocene, the warmer the climate it has previously survived, with Pliocene (2.65 similar to Ma) and late-Miocene (810 similar to Ma) air temperature across Amazonia being similar to 2100 temperature projections under low and high carbon emission scenarios, respectively. Using comparative phylogeographic analyses, we show that 9 of 12 widespread Amazon tree species have Pliocene or earlier lineages (>2.6 similar to Ma), with seven dating from the Miocene (>5.6 similar to Ma) and three >8 similar to Ma. The remarkably old age of these species suggest that Amazon forests passed through warmth similar to 2100 levels and that, in the absence of other major environmental changes, near-term high temperature-induced mass species extinction is unlikely. C1 [Dick, Christopher W.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dick, Christopher W.; Bermingham, Eldredge] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa Ancon, Panama. [Lewis, Simon L.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Earth & Biosphere Inst, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Lewis, Simon L.; Maslin, Mark] UCL, Dept Geog, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Dick, CW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 830 N Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cwdick@umich.edu RI Dick, Christopher/A-8744-2008; OI Lewis, Simon/0000-0002-8066-6851 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0640379]; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Royal Society; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI); University of Michigan FX We would like to acknowledge the National Science Foundation (DEB 0640379), the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, and the Royal Society for financial support. We thank Y. Mendoza, C. Vergara, E. Rivera-Ocasio, I. Landires, S. Pereira H. Draheim, and Na Wei for assistance in the laboratory; and D. Neill, H. Mogollon, and K. Dexter for help in obtaining samples, and J. Megahan for doing the artwork used in Fig. 3. We thank ANAM (Panama) and the Ministerio del Medio Ambiente (Ecuador) for permits to collect and export plant material. Center for Tropical Forest Sciences (CTFS), STRI, Catholic University of Quito (PUCE) and National Herbarium of Ecuador provided assistance with permits and access to sites. The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), University of Michigan, National Science Foundation (DEB 0640379 to CD) and the Royal Society (to SLL) provided financial support. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 3 IS 1 BP 162 EP 169 DI 10.1002/ece3.441 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 074AJ UT WOS:000313783900013 PM 23404439 ER PT J AU Smith, AR Kapheim, KM Perez-Ortega, B Brent, CS Wcislo, WT AF Smith, Adam R. Kapheim, Karen M. Perez-Ortega, Betzi Brent, Colin S. Wcislo, William T. TI Juvenile hormone levels reflect social opportunities in the facultatively eusocial sweat bee Megalopta genalis (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Megalopta genalis; Juvenile hormone; Social dominance; Eusociality; Endocrine physiology ID DIVISION-OF-LABOR; POGONOMYRMEX-CALIFORNICUS; ECUADORIA HYMENOPTERA; ENDOCRINE PHYSIOLOGY; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; POLISTES-GALLICUS; BOMBUS-TERRESTRIS; WASP; QUEENS; DOMINANCE AB The evolution of eusociality is hypothesized to have involved de-coupling parental care from reproduction mediated by changes in endocrine regulation. While data for obligately eusocial insects are consistent with this hypothesis, we lack information from species representative of the transition from solitary reproduction to eusociality. Here we report the first evidence for a link between endocrine processes and social behavior in a facultatively eusocial bee, Megalopta genalis (Halictidae). Using females that varied in social, reproductive, and ecological context, we measured juvenile hormone (JH), a major regulator of colony caste dynamics in other eusocial species. JH was low at adult emergence, but elevated after 10 days in all nesting females. Females reared in cages with ad lib nutrition, however, did not elevate JH levels after 10 days. All reproductive females had significantly more JH than all age-matched non-reproductive females, suggesting a gonadotropic function. Among females in established nests, RI was higher in queens than workers and solitary reproductives, suggesting a role for JH in social dominance. A lack of significant differences in JH between solitary reproductives and non-reproductive workers suggests that JH content reflects more than reproductive status. Our data support the hypothesis that endocrine modifications are involved in the evolutionary decoupling of reproductive and somatic effort in social insects. These are the first measurements of JH in a solitary-nesting hymenopteran, and the first to compare eusocial and solitary nesting individuals of the same species. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Smith, Adam R.; Kapheim, Karen M.; Perez-Ortega, Betzi; Wcislo, William T.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Kapheim, Karen M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Brent, Colin S.] USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. RP Smith, AR (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM arsmith2@gmail.com FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI); general STRI research funds; Short Term Fellowship from STRI; Holmes O. Miller grant from UCLA EEB; Joan Wright Goodman award from American Women in Science; GAANN fellowship from US Department of Education; graduate mentor fellowship from the UCLA Graduate Division; graduate fellowship from the Center for Society 82 Genetics; NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant FX ARS was supported by a post-doctoral fellowship from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) and general STRI research funds to WTW. KMK was supported by a Short Term Fellowship from STRI, a 10-week and pre-doctoral fellowship from the Smithsonian Institution, a Holmes O. Miller grant and a George Bartholomew fellowship from UCLA EEB, a Joan Wright Goodman award from American Women in Science, a GAANN fellowship from US Department of Education, a graduate mentor fellowship from the UCLA Graduate Division, a graduate fellowship from the Center for Society 82 Genetics, and a NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant. Oris Acevedo, Belkys Jimenez, and Orelis Arosemena and the rest of the STRI staff provided valuable logistic support; MJ West-Eberhard and WOH Hughes provided comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Research on BCI was conducted with permission from the Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente in accordance with the laws of the Republic of Panama. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 46 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0018-506X J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 63 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.08.012 PG 4 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 080QW UT WOS:000314259400001 PM 22986338 ER PT J AU Fraser, WC Batygin, K Brown, ME Bouchez, A AF Fraser, Wesley C. Batygin, Konstantin Brown, Michael E. Bouchez, Antonin TI The mass, orbit, and tidal evolution of the Quaoar-Weywot system SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Adaptive optics; Kuiper Belt; Satellites, Dynamics ID DWARF PLANET HAUMEA; OBJECT 2003 EL61; KUIPER-BELT; SATELLITES; PHOTOMETRY; PLUTO; SIZE; ERIS AB Here we present new adaptive optics observations of the Quaoar-Weywot system. With these new observations we determine an improved system orbit. Due to a 039 day alias that exists in available observations, four possible orbital solutions are available with periods of similar to 11.6, similar to 12.0, similar to 12.4, and similar to 12.8 days. From the possible orbital solutions, system masses of 1.3-1.5 +/- 0.1 x 10(21) kg are found. These observations provide an updated density for Quaoar of 2.7-5.0 g cm(-3). In all cases, Weywot's orbit is eccentric, with possible values similar to 0.13-0.16. We present a reanalysis of the tidal orbital evolution of the Quaoar-Weywot system. We have found that Weywot has probably evolved to a state of synchronous rotation, and has likely preserved its initial inclination over the age of the Solar System. We find that for plausible values of the effective tidal dissipation factor tides produce a very slow evolution of Weywot's eccentricity and semi-major axis. Accordingly, it appears that Weywot's eccentricity likely did not tidally evolve to its current value from an initially circular orbit. Rather, it seems that some other mechanism has raised its eccentricity post-formation, or Weywot formed with a non-negligible eccentricity. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fraser, Wesley C.; Batygin, Konstantin; Brown, Michael E.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Fraser, Wesley C.] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Batygin, Konstantin] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bouchez, Antonin] Giant Magellan Telescope Observ, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bouchez, Antonin] Observ Carnegie Inst, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Fraser, WC (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, 5071 W Saanich Rd, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. EM wesley.fraser@nrc.ca FU National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX09AB49G] FX W.F. would like to thank Alex Parker for his advice and help in determining correct orbital solutions. The data presented herein were obtained at the W.M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The research upon which this paper is based was supported by National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) Grant No. NNX09AB49G. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2013 VL 222 IS 1 BP 357 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.11.004 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 078FT UT WOS:000314084800027 ER PT J AU Alesbury, HS Ubelaker, DH Bernstein, R AF Alesbury, Helen S. Ubelaker, Douglas H. Bernstein, Robin TI Utility of the Frontonasal Suture for Estimating Age at Death in Human Skeletal Remains SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic anthropology; frontonasal suture; age at death estimation; Hershkovitz ratio ID COLLECTION; CLOSURE AB This project evaluated the utility of the frontonasal suture for estimating age at death. Utilizing human remains of known age at death with varying degrees of fusion, curated at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City and the Smithsonian Institutions National Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC, data were collected from the ectocranial surface of 522 crania; 68 of these were sagittally sectioned, allowing collection of internal data and observation of suture closure through the bone. Degree of ectocranial suture closure does not significantly predict age, even when sex and ancestry are accounted for. Suture closure progression data were converted into a Hershkovitz ratio (sum of the measurement of open portion divided by the total suture length), and regression models demonstrate that the effect of age accounts for only 13% of variation in suture closure. C1 [Alesbury, Helen S.; Ubelaker, Douglas H.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Bernstein, Robin] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Alesbury, HS (reprint author), 22 High St, Acton, MA 01720 USA. EM h.alesbury@gmail.com FU Lewis N. Cotlow Fund, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University FX Funded in part by the Lewis N. Cotlow Fund, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 58 IS 1 BP 104 EP 108 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02193.x PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 072YG UT WOS:000313709500015 PM 22621250 ER PT J AU Joss, S Kargon, RH Molella, AP AF Joss, Simon Kargon, Robert H. Molella, Arthur P. TI Special Issue: Eco-Cities in Pan-Asia: International Discourses, Local Practices SO JOURNAL OF URBAN TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Joss, Simon] Univ Westminster, London W1R 8AL, England. [Kargon, Robert H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Molella, Arthur P.] Smithsonian Inst, Lemelson Ctr Study Invent & Innovat, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Joss, S (reprint author), Univ Westminster, London W1R 8AL, England. OI Joss, Simon/0000-0003-2856-4695 NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 22 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1063-0732 J9 J URBAN TECHNOL JI J. Urban Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 20 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1080/10630732.2012.735408 PG 5 WC Urban Studies SC Urban Studies GA 081VG UT WOS:000314349900001 ER PT J AU Joss, S Molella, AP AF Joss, Simon Molella, Arthur P. TI The Eco-City as Urban Technology: Perspectives on Caofeidian International Eco-City (China) SO JOURNAL OF URBAN TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eco-City; Techno-City; Technological Urbanism; Urban Sustainability; China; Caofeidian AB Caofeidian International Eco-City, in North-East China, is among several large-scale new eco-city initiatives currently in development across Asia. Built from scratch across an area of 74km2, with an expected population of 800,000 by 2020, the city's plan boasts an abundance of urban sustainability features, from integrated public transport services and advanced water and waste recycling systems, to public parks and an extensive wetland area. This article uses the historical and conceptual perspective of techno-city to analyze the city's urban technology features. It highlights the relationship between the city and its hinterland, discusses the focus on science and technology driving the city's concept, and explores the international, modernist design language used. In doing so, the analysis points to several key tensions and contradictions at work, including a disconnect between the city's green technology focus and the high-carbon heavy industry of the surrounding area, and a lack of engagement with the local culture and community. Caofeidian Eco-City exhibits several features of twentieth-century techno-cities, although these are re-cast within the twenty-first-century context of global climate change policy and China's ongoing rapid urbanization processes. C1 [Joss, Simon] Univ Westminster, Sch Social Sci Humanities & Languages, Dept Polit & Int Relat, London W1T 3UW, England. [Molella, Arthur P.] Smithsonian Inst, Lemelson Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Joss, S (reprint author), Univ Westminster, Sch Social Sci Humanities & Languages, Dept Polit & Int Relat, 32 Wells St, London W1T 3UW, England. EM josss@westminster.ac.uk OI Joss, Simon/0000-0003-2856-4695 NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 49 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1063-0732 J9 J URBAN TECHNOL JI J. Urban Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 20 IS 1 SI SI BP 115 EP 137 DI 10.1080/10630732.2012.735411 PG 23 WC Urban Studies SC Urban Studies GA 081VG UT WOS:000314349900008 ER PT J AU Riley, SM AF Riley, Sheila M. TI Indiscretion SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Riley, Sheila M.] Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. RP Riley, SM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 138 IS 1 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 067RF UT WOS:000313312100093 ER PT J AU Cox, TE Philippoff, J Baumgartner, E Zabin, CJ Smith, CM AF Cox, Traci Erin Philippoff, Joanna Baumgartner, Erin Zabin, Chela J. Smith, Celia M. TI Spatial and Temporal Variation in Rocky Intertidal Communities along the Main Hawaiian Islands SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID KANEOHE BAY; VERTICAL ZONATION; PHYSICAL STRESS; PACIFIC COAST; PATTERNS; ABUNDANCE; SHORE; BARNACLE; RECRUITMENT; HERBIVORY AB Thirteen benthic rocky intertidal communities were quantitatively assessed on Maui, Moloka'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i Island between the years 2004 and 2007. Our goals were to test for differences in invertebrate and macroalgal abundance and composition to understand how these tropical communities are organized. Percentage cover surveys revealed a diverse intertidal system with 49 macroalgal, 1 cyanobacterial, and 31 invertebrate taxa. Shores were frequently dominated by a few macroalgae and mollusks, and at two sites these organisms were distributed in discrete vertical bands. Common intertidal taxa included the introduced alga Acanthophora spicifera; species in the macroalgal genera Padina, Sargassum, and Laurencia; turf forms of algae; and the mollusks Siphonaria normalis, Nerita picea, and species of littorine snails. Multivariate statistics found community structure to vary among sites and years, but there was lack of evidence for island-specific or substratum-specific assemblages. SIMPROF analysis revealed support for 11 different types of structure. This first description of community-level patterns at multiple intertidal sites along the Main Hawaiian Islands documents substantial spatial variation both among and within shores, as well as substantial temporal variation for select sites. These findings are in contrast to the characterization of a homogeneous tropical system and thus suggest that biotic and abiotic factors in the Main Hawaiian Islands act on a local scale to drive structure. C1 [Cox, Traci Erin; Smith, Celia M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Philippoff, Joanna] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Curriculum Res & Dev Grp, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Baumgartner, Erin] Western Oregon Univ, Dept Biol, Monmouth, OR 97361 USA. [Zabin, Chela J.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Zabin, Chela J.] Univ Calif Davis, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. RP Cox, TE (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, 3190 Maile Way,Room 101, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM erincox@hawaii.edu FU National Graduate STEM Fellowship [DGE02-32016]; NSF FX This work was supported by a National Graduate STEM Fellowship in K-12 Education DGE02-32016. Manuscript accepted 30 March 2012.; We would like to acknowledge the support of the NSF Graduate STEM Fellowship in K-12 Education to the EECB program with K.Y. Kaneshiro as lead. We thank Brian Popp, Peter Vroom, and Alison Sherwood for early reviews of the manuscript. Also we thank the students at the following Hawai'i schools for collection of data: University Laboratory School, Farrington High, Kalama Intermediate, Kahuku Intermediate, Ho'omana Hou, Assets, Connections, and Waters of Life. We especially thank the teachers who allowed us to enter their classrooms and partnered with us: Mari Tiara, Dawn Bishop, Diane Banks, Brett Kewish, Uilani Lima, Shama Hinard, Juniper Krog, Sara Haney, Nicole Wynick, and Jason Thorpe. We particularly thank Matt Knope for organizing field trips with Assets school at Ma'ili Point and other graduate students and professors in the Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology Program who volunteered as chaperones and researchers on these many field trips. Last, we thank Kelly Boyle who guided us through many statistical analyses. NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 80 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 67 IS 1 BP 23 EP 45 DI 10.2984/67.1.3 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 077AG UT WOS:000313999700003 ER PT J AU Ascenso, J Lada, CJ Alves, J Roman-Zuniga, CG Lombardi, M AF Ascenso, J. Lada, C. J. Alves, J. Roman-Zuniga, C. G. Lombardi, M. TI The mid-infrared extinction law in the darkest cores of the Pipe Nebula SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms: general; methods: observational; techniques: photometric; stars: formation; ISM: clouds; infrared: ISM ID INTERSTELLAR DUST GRAINS; STAR-FORMATION ACTIVITY; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; K-S BANDS; 8.0 MU-M; GALACTIC-CENTER; INFRARED EXTINCTION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; DENSE CORE; MASS FUNCTION AB Context. The properties of dust grains, in particular their size distribution, are expected to differ from the interstellar medium to the high-density regions within molecular clouds. Aims. We measure the mid-infrared extinction law produced by dense material in molecular cloud cores. Since the extinction at these wavelengths is caused by dust, the extinction law in cores should depart from what is found in low-density environments if the dust grains have different properties. Methods. We used the unbiased LINES method to measure the slope of the reddening vectors in color-color diagrams. We derived the mid-infrared extinction law toward the dense cores B59 and FeSt 1-457 in the Pipe Nebula over a range of visual extinction between 10 and 50 mag, using a combination of Spitzer/IRAC and ESO NTT/VLT data. Results. The mid-infrared extinction law in both cores departs significantly from a power law between 3.6 and 8 mu m, suggesting that these cores contain dust with a considerable fraction of large dust grains. We find no evidence of any dependence in the extinction law with column density up to 50 mag of visual extinction in these cores, and no evidence of any variation between our result and those for other clouds at lower column densities reported elsewhere in the literature. This suggests either that large grains are present even in low column density regions or that the existing dust models need to be revised at mid-infrared wavelengths. We find a small but significant difference in the extinction law of the two cores, which we tentatively associate with the onset of star formation in B59. C1 [Ascenso, J.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Lada, C. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Alves, J.] Univ Vienna, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Roman-Zuniga, C. G.] Univ Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Unidad Acad Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Lombardi, M.] Univ Milan, Dept Phys, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Ascenso, J (reprint author), European So Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM jascenso@eso.org RI Roman-Zuniga, Carlos/F-6602-2016; OI Roman-Zuniga, Carlos/0000-0001-8600-4798; LOMBARDI, MARCO/0000-0002-3336-4965; Alves, Joao/0000-0002-4355-0921 FU European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) [229517]; NASA [1279166]; Program CONACYT Mexico [152160] FX The authors thank D. Lutz and N. Chapman for kindly providing the electronic versions of their extinction laws. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (/FP7/2007-2013/) under grant agreement No. 229517. Support for this work was also provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech, contract 1279166. CRZ acknowledges support from Program CONACYT 152160, Mexico. NR 59 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 549 AR A135 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201220658 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 073LR UT WOS:000313745000135 ER PT J AU Del Moro, A Alexander, DM Mullaney, JR Daddi, E Pannella, M Bauer, FE Pope, A Dickinson, M Elbaz, D Barthel, PD Garrett, MA Brandt, WN Charmandaris, V Chary, RR Dasyra, K Gilli, R Hickox, RC Hwang, HS Ivison, RJ Juneau, S Le Floc'h, E Luo, B Morrison, GE Rovilos, E Sargent, MT Xue, YQ AF Del Moro, A. Alexander, D. M. Mullaney, J. R. Daddi, E. Pannella, M. Bauer, F. E. Pope, A. Dickinson, M. Elbaz, D. Barthel, P. D. Garrett, M. A. Brandt, W. N. Charmandaris, V. Chary, R. R. Dasyra, K. Gilli, R. Hickox, R. C. Hwang, H. S. Ivison, R. J. Juneau, S. Le Floc'h, E. Luo, B. Morrison, G. E. Rovilos, E. Sargent, M. T. Xue, Y. Q. TI GOODS-Herschel: radio-excess signature of hidden AGN activity in distant star-forming galaxies SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; quasars: general; infrared: galaxies; galaxies: star formation; X-rays: galaxies ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; DEEP FIELD-SOUTH; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STELLAR MASS FUNCTION; BRIGHT QUASAR SURVEY; 1.4 GHZ OBSERVATIONS; X-RAY-EMISSION; SIMILAR-TO 2; GALACTIC NUCLEI AB Context. A tight correlation exists between far-infrared and radio emission for star-forming galaxies (SFGs), which seems to hold out to high redshifts (z approximate to 2). Any excess of radio emission over that expected from star formation processes is most likely produced by an active galactic nucleus (AGN), often hidden by large amounts of dust and gas. Identifying these radio-excess sources will allow us to study a population of AGN unbiased by obscuration and thus find some of the most obscured, Compton-thick AGN, which are in large part unidentified even in the deepest X-ray and infrared (IR) surveys. Aims. We present here a new spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting approach that we adopt to select radio-excess sources amongst distant star-forming galaxies in the GOODS-Herschel (North) field and to reveal the presence of hidden, highly obscured AGN. Methods. Through extensive SED analysis of 458 galaxies with radio 1.4 GHz and mid-IR 24 mu m detections using some of the deepest Chandra X-ray, Spitzer and Herschel infrared, and VLA radio data available to date, we have robustly identified a sample of 51 radio-excess AGN (similar to 1300 deg(-2)) out to redshift z approximate to 3. These radio-excess AGN have a significantly lower far-IR/radio ratio (q < 1 : 68, 3 sigma) than the typical relation observed for star-forming galaxies (q approximate to 2.2). Results. We find that approximate to 45% of these radio-excess sources have a dominant AGN component in the mid-IR band, while for the remainders the excess radio emission is the only indicator of AGN activity. The presence of an AGN is also confirmed by the detection of a compact radio core in deep VLBI 1.4 GHz observations for eight of our radio-excess sources (approximate to 16%; approximate to 66% of the VLBI detected sources in this field), with the excess radio flux measured from our SED analysis agreeing, to within a factor of two, with the radio core emission measured by VLBI. We find that the fraction of radio-excess AGN increases with X-ray luminosity reaching similar to 60% at L-X approximate to 10(44)-10(45) erg s(-1), making these sources an important part of the total AGN population. However, almost half (24/51) of these radio-excess AGN are not detected in the deep Chandra X-ray data, suggesting that some of these sources might be heavily obscured. Amongst the radio-excess AGN we can distinguish three groups of objects: i) AGN clearly identified in infrared (and often in X-rays), a fraction of which are likely to be distant Compton-thick AGN; ii) moderate luminosity AGN (L-X <= 10(43) erg s(-1)) hosted in strong star-forming galaxies; and iii) a small fraction of low accretion-ate AGN hosted in passive (i.e. weak or no star-forming) galaxies. We also find that the specific star formation rates (sSFRs) of the radio- excess AGN are on average lower that those observed for X-ray selected AGN hosts, indicating that our sources are forming stars more slowly than typical AGN hosts, and possibly their star formation is progressively quenching. C1 [Del Moro, A.; Alexander, D. M.; Mullaney, J. R.; Rovilos, E.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Mullaney, J. R.; Daddi, E.; Pannella, M.; Elbaz, D.; Dasyra, K.; Le Floc'h, E.; Sargent, M. T.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys,CEA,DSM,CNRS,IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Bauer, F. E.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Bauer, F. E.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Pope, A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, LGRT B618, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Dickinson, M.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Barthel, P. D.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, Groningen, Netherlands. [Garrett, M. A.] Netherlands Inst Radio Astron, ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Garrett, M. A.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Garrett, M. A.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Brandt, W. N.; Luo, B.; Xue, Y. Q.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Charmandaris, V.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Greece. [Charmandaris, V.] Univ Crete, ITCP, Iraklion 71003, Greece. [Chary, R. R.] US Planck Data Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Dasyra, K.] CNRS, UMR 8112, LERMA, Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Gilli, R.; Rovilos, E.] Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Hickox, R. C.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6127, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Hwang, H. S.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ivison, R. J.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Sci & Technol Facil Council, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Juneau, S.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Morrison, G. E.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Manoa, HI 96822 USA. [Morrison, G. E.] Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Xue, Y. Q.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Chinese Acad Sci, Dept Astron, Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Del Moro, A (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Phys, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM agnese.del-moro@durham.ac.uk RI Charmandaris, Vassilis/A-7196-2008; Daddi, Emanuele/D-1649-2012; Brandt, William/N-2844-2015; Gilli, Roberto/P-1110-2015; Ivison, R./G-4450-2011; OI Charmandaris, Vassilis/0000-0002-2688-1956; Daddi, Emanuele/0000-0002-3331-9590; Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453; Gilli, Roberto/0000-0001-8121-6177; Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313; Dasyra, Kalliopi/0000-0002-1482-2203; Alexander, David/0000-0002-5896-6313 FU STFC Rolling Grant; Programa de Financiamiento Basal, CONICYT-Chile [FONDECYT 1101024, FONDAP-CATA 15010003]; Chandra X-ray Center [SAO SP1-12007B, SP1-12007A]; NASA ADP grant [NNX10AC99G]; Italian Space Agency (ASI) [INAF I/009/10/0]; Youth 1000 Plan (QingNianQianRen) program; USTC startup funding FX We thank the anonymous referee for the useful comments on our paper. We gratefully acknowledge support from the STFC Rolling Grant (A.D.M.; D.M.A.). This work is based on observations made with Herschel, a European Space Agency Cornerstone Mission with significant participation by NASA. F.E.B. acknowledges support from Programa de Financiamiento Basal, CONICYT-Chile (under grants FONDECYT 1101024 and FONDAP-CATA 15010003), and Chandra X-ray Center grant SAO SP1-12007B. W.N.B., B.L., Y.Q.X. acknowledge the Chandra X-ray Center grant SP1-12007A and NASA ADP grant NNX10AC99G. R.G. acknowledges support from the Italian Space Agency (ASI) under the contract ASI-INAF I/009/10/0. Y.Q.X. acknowledges support of the Youth 1000 Plan (QingNianQianRen) program and the USTC startup funding. We are grateful to N. Drory for sharing the SED fitting code used to estimate galaxy stellar masses. NR 145 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 549 AR A59 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201219880 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 073LR UT WOS:000313745000059 ER PT J AU Kristensen, LE Klaassen, PD Mottram, JC Schmalzl, M Hogerheijde, MR AF Kristensen, L. E. Klaassen, P. D. Mottram, J. C. Schmalzl, M. Hogerheijde, M. R. TI ALMA CO J=6-5 observations of IRAS 16293-2422 Shocks and entrainment SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: formation; ISM: molecules; ISM: jets and outflows; ISM: individual objects: IRAS 16293-2422 ID PROTOSTAR IRAS-16293-2422; SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY; RESOLUTION; OUTFLOW; INFALL; STAR; OPHIUCHUS; WATER AB Observations of higher-excited transitions of abundant molecules such as CO are important for determining where energy in the form of shocks is fed back into the parental envelope of forming stars. The nearby prototypical and protobinary low-mass hot core, IRAS 16293-2422 (I16293) is ideal for such a study. The source was targeted with ALMA for science verification purposes in band 9, which includes CO J = 6 5 (E-up/k(B) similar to 116 K), at an unprecedented spatial resolution (similar to 0 ''.2, 25 AU). I16293 itself is composed of two sources, A and B, with a projected distance of 5 ''. CO J = 6-5 emission is detected throughout the region, particularly in small, arcsecond-sized hotspots, where the outflow interacts with the envelope. The observations only recover a fraction of the emission in the line wings when compared to data from single-dish telescopes, with a higher fraction of emission recovered at higher velocities. The very high angular resolution of these new data reveal that a bow shock from source A coincides, in the plane of the sky, with the position of source B. Source B, on the other hand, does not show current outflow activity. In this region, outflow entrainment takes place over large spatial scales, greater than or similar to 100 AU, and in small discrete knots. This unique dataset shows that the combination of a high-temperature tracer (e. g., CO J = 6-5) and very high angular resolution observations is crucial for interpreting the structure of the warm inner environment of low-mass protostars. C1 [Kristensen, L. E.; Klaassen, P. D.; Mottram, J. C.; Schmalzl, M.; Hogerheijde, M. R.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Kristensen, LE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS78, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM lkristensen@cfa.harvard.edu RI Kristensen, Lars/F-4774-2011 OI Kristensen, Lars/0000-0003-1159-3721 FU NOVA; NWO [614.001.008]; EU [238258] FX This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO. ALMA#2011.0.00007.SV. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. Astrochemistry is Leiden is supported by NOVA, a Spinoza grant, grant 614.001.008 from NWO, and by EU FP7 grant 238258. Allegro, the ALMA Regional Centre node in the Netherlands, is supported by NOVA and NWO. We are grateful to T. van Kempen and the JAO CSV for planning and taking these data, and to E. F. van Dishoeck and S. Cabrit for very fruitful discussions. We would like to thank the referee, G. Fuller, for constructive comments which lead to improvement of this paper. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 549 AR L6 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201220668 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 073LR UT WOS:000313745000158 ER PT J AU Moscadelli, L Li, JJ Cesaroni, R Sanna, A Xu, Y Zhang, Q AF Moscadelli, L. Li, J. J. Cesaroni, R. Sanna, A. Xu, Y. Zhang, Q. TI A double-jet system in the G31.41+0.31 hot molecular core SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE techniques: interferometric; masers; ISM: kinematics and dynamics ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MASSIVE STAR-FORMATION; DISTRIBUTED METHANOL MASERS; FORMING REGIONS; CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS; OUTFLOW SIGNATURES; RADIATION PRESSURE; ROTATING TOROIDS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; IRAS 20126+4104 AB Context. Many aspects of massive star (greater than or similar to 10 M-circle dot) formation are still unclear. In particular, the outflow properties at close distance (100-1000 AU) from a massive young stellar object (MYSO) are not yet well established. Aims. This work presents a detailed study of the gas kinematics toward the hot molecular core (HMC) G31.41 + 0.31. Methods. To study the HMC 3D kinematics at milli-arcsecond angular resolution, we performed multi-epoch VLBI observations of the H2O 22 GHz and CH3OH 6.7 GHz masers, and single-epoch VLBI of the OH 1.6 GHz masers. Results. Water masers present a symmetric spatial distribution with respect to the HMC center, where two nearby (0.'' 2 apart), compact, VLA sources (labeled "A" and "B") are previously detected. The spatial distribution of a first group of water masers, named "J1", is well fit with an elliptical profile, and the maser proper motions mainly diverge from the ellipse center, with average speed of 36 km s(-1). These findings strongly suggest that the "J1" water maser group traces the heads of a young (dynamical time of 1.3 x 10(3) yr), powerful (momentum rate of similar or equal to 0.2 M-circle dot yr(-1) km s(-1)), collimated (semi-opening angle similar or equal to 10 degrees) jet emerging from a MYSO located close (within approximate to 0.'' 15) to the VLA source "B". Most of the water features not belonging to "J1" present an elongated (approximate to 2 '' in size), NE-SW oriented (PA approximate to 70 degrees), S-shape distribution, which we denote with the label "J2". The elongated distribution of the "J2" group and the direction of motion, approximately parallel to the direction of elongation, of most "J2" water masers suggests the presence of another collimated outflow, emitted from a MYSO placed near the VLA source "A". The proper motions of the CH3OH 6.7 GHz masers, mostly diverging from the HMC center, also witness the expansion of the HMC gas driven by the "J1" and "J2" jets. The orientation (PA approximate to 70 degrees) of the "J2" jet agrees well with that (PA = 68 degrees) of the well-defined V-LSR gradient across the HMC revealed by previous interferometric, thermal line observations. Furthermore, the "J2" jet is powerful enough to sustain the large momentum rate, 0.3 M-circle dot yr(-1) km s(-1), estimated from the interferometric, molecular line data in the assumption that the V-LSR gradient represents a collimated outflow. These two facts lead us to favor the interpretation of the V-LSR gradient across the G31.41 + 0.31 HMC in terms of a compact and collimated outflow. C1 [Moscadelli, L.; Cesaroni, R.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Li, J. J.; Xu, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Sanna, A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Zhang, Q.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Moscadelli, L (reprint author), Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, Largo E Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. EM mosca@arcetri.astro.it; jjli@pmo.ac.cn; cesa@arcetri.astro.it; asanna@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; xuye@pmo.ac.cn; qzhang@cfa.harvard.edu OI Moscadelli, Luca/0000-0002-8517-8881; Cesaroni, Riccardo/0000-0002-2430-5103; Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 FU Chinese National Science Foundation [NSF 11203082, NSF 11133008, NSF 11073054, BK2012494]; Key Laboratory for Radio Astronomy, CAS; European Research Council for the ERC Advanced Grant GLOSTAR [247078] FX "J. J. Li were supported by the Chinese National Science Foundation, through grants NSF 11203082, NSF 11133008, NSF 11073054, BK2012494, and the Key Laboratory for Radio Astronomy, CAS. A. Sanna acknowledges the financial support by the European Research Council for the ERC Advanced Grant GLOSTAR under contract No. 247078." NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 549 AR A122 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201220497 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 073LR UT WOS:000313745000122 ER PT J AU Nisini, B Santangelo, G Antoniucci, S Benedettini, M Codella, C Giannini, T Lorenzani, A Liseau, R Tafalla, M Bjerkeli, P Cabrit, S Caselli, P Kristensen, L Neufeld, D Melnick, G van Dishoeck, EF AF Nisini, B. Santangelo, G. Antoniucci, S. Benedettini, M. Codella, C. Giannini, T. Lorenzani, A. Liseau, R. Tafalla, M. Bjerkeli, P. Cabrit, S. Caselli, P. Kristensen, L. Neufeld, D. Melnick, G. van Dishoeck, E. F. TI Mapping water in protostellar outflows with Herschel PACS and HIFI observations of L1448-C SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: formation; stars: winds, outflows; ISM: abundances; ISM: molecules; ISM: jets and outflows; ISM: individual objects: L1448 ID STAR-FORMING REGIONS; CHESS SPECTRAL SURVEY; HIGH-VELOCITY SIO; MOLECULAR BULLETS; SHOCK-WAVES; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; H-2 EMISSION; GAS; H2O; SUBMILLIMETER AB Context. Water is a key probe of shocks and outflows from young stars because it is extremely sensitive to both the physical conditions associated with the interaction of supersonic outflows with the ambient medium and the chemical processes at play. Aims. Our goal is to investigate the spatial and velocity distribution of H2O along outflows, its relationship with other tracers, and its abundance variations. In particular, this study focuses on the outflow driven by the low-mass protostar L1448-C, which previous observations have shown to be one of the brightest H2O emitters among the class 0 outflows. Methods. To this end, maps of the o-H2O 1(10)-1(01) and 2(12)-1(01) transitions taken with the Herschel-HIFI and PACS instruments, respectively, are presented. For comparison, complementary maps of the CO(3-2) and SiO(8-7) transitions, obtained at the JCMT, and the H-2 S(0) and S(1) transitions, taken from the literature, were used as well. Physical conditions and H2O column densities were inferred using large velocity gradient radiative transfer calculations. Results. The water distribution appears to be clumpy, with individual peaks corresponding to shock spots along the outflow. The bulk of the 557 GHz line is confined to radial velocities in the range +/- 10-50 km s(-1), but extended emission at extreme velocities (up to v(r) similar to 80 km s(-1)) is detected and is associated with the L1448-C extreme high-velocity (EHV) jet. The H2O 1(10)-1(01)/CO(3-2) ratio shows strong variations as a function of velocity that likely reflect different and changing physical conditions in the gas that is responsible for the emissions from the two species. In the EHV jet, a low H2O/SiO abundance ratio is inferred, which could indicate molecular formation from dust-free gas directly ejected from the proto-stellar wind. The ratio between the two observed H2O lines and the comparison with H-2 indicate averaged T-kin and n(H-2) values of similar to 300-500 K and 5 x 10(6) cm(-3), respectively, while a water abundance with respect to H-2 of about 0.5-1x10(-6) along the outflow is estimated, in agreement with results found by previous studies. The fairly constant conditions found all along the outflow imply that evolutionary effects on the timescales of outflow propagation do not play a major role in the H2O chemistry. Conclusions. The results of our analysis show that the bulk of the observed H2O lines comes from post-shocked regions where the gas, after being heated to high temperatures, has already been cooled down to a few hundred K. The relatively low derived abundances, however, call for some mechanism that diminishes the H2O gas in the post-shock region. Among the possible scenarios, we favor H2O photodissociation, which requires the superposition of a low-velocity nondissociative shock with a fast dissociative shock able to produce a far-ultraviolet field of sufficient strength. C1 [Nisini, B.; Santangelo, G.; Antoniucci, S.; Giannini, T.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [Benedettini, M.] INAF Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Codella, C.; Lorenzani, A.; Caselli, P.] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Liseau, R.; Bjerkeli, P.] Chalmers, Onsala Space Observ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden. [Tafalla, M.] Observ Astron Nacl IGN, Madrid 28014, Spain. [Cabrit, S.] Observ Paris, UMR CNRS 8112, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. [Caselli, P.] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Kristensen, L.; van Dishoeck, E. F.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Neufeld, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Melnick, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [van Dishoeck, E. F.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Nisini, B (reprint author), INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. EM nisini@oa-roma.inaf.it RI Kristensen, Lars/F-4774-2011; OI Giannini, Teresa/0000-0002-0224-096X; , Brunella Nisini/0000-0002-9190-0113; Kristensen, Lars/0000-0003-1159-3721; Lorenzani, Andrea/0000-0002-4685-3434; Bjerkeli, Per/0000-0002-7993-4118; Antoniucci, Simone/0000-0002-0666-3847; Codella, Claudio/0000-0003-1514-3074 FU ASI [I/005/011/0]; NOVA; NWO [614.001.008]; EU [238258]; NASA through JPL/Caltech FX The Italian authors gratefully acknowledge the support from ASI through the contract I/005/011/0. Astrochemistry in Leiden is supported by NOVA, by a Spinoza grant and grant 614.001.008 from NWO, and by EU FP7 grant 238258. The US authors gratefully acknowledge the support of NASA funding provided through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. HIFI has been designed and built by a consortium of institutes and university departments from across Europe, Canada and the United States under the leadership of SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Groningen, The Netherlands and with major contributions from Germany, France and the US. Consortium members are: Canada: CSA, U. Waterloo; France: CESR, LAB, LERMA, IRAM; Germany: KOSMA, MPIfR, MPS; Ireland, NUI Maynooth; Italy: ASI, IFSI-INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri-INAF; The Netherlands: SRON, TUD; Poland: CAMK, CBK; Spain: Observatorio Astronomico Nacional (IGN), Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA). Sweden: Chalmers University of Technology - MC2, RSS & GARD; Onsala Space Observatory; Swedish National Space Board, Stockholm University - Stockholm Observatory; Switzerland: ETH Zurich, FHNW; USA: Caltech, JPL, NHSC. PACS has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by MPE (Germany) and including UVIE (Austria); KU Leuven, CSL, IMEC (Belgium); CEA, LAM (France); MPIA (Germany); INAF-IFSI/OAA/OAP/OAT, LENS, SISSA (Italy); IAC (Spain). This development has been supported by the funding agencies BMVIT (Austria), ESA-PRODEX (Belgium), CEA/CNES (France), DLR (Germany), ASI/INAF (Italy), and CICYT/MCYT (Spain). NR 68 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 549 AR A16 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201220163 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 073LR UT WOS:000313745000016 ER PT J AU Offringa, AR de Bruyn, AG Zaroubi, S van Diepen, G Martinez-Ruby, O Labropoulos, P Brentjens, MA Ciardi, B Daiboo, S Harker, G Jelic, V Kazemi, S Koopmans, LVE Mellema, G Pandey, VN Pizzo, RF Schaye, J Vedantham, H Veligatla, V Wijnholds, SJ Yatawatta, S Zarka, P Alexov, A Anderson, J Asgekar, A Avruch, M Beck, R Bell, M Bell, MR Bentum, M Bernardi, G Best, P Birzan, L Bonafede, A Breitling, F Broderick, JW Brueggen, M Butcher, H Conway, J de Vos, M Dettmar, RJ Eisloeffel, J Falcke, H Fender, R Frieswijk, W Gerbers, M Griessmeier, JM Gunst, AW Hassall, TE Heald, G Hessels, J Hoeft, M Horneffer, A Karastergiou, A Kondratiev, V Koopman, Y Kuniyoshi, M Kuper, G Maat, P Mann, G McKean, J Meulman, H Mevius, M Mol, JD Nijboer, R Noordam, J Norden, M Paas, H Pandey, M Pizzo, R Polatidis, A Rafferty, D Rawlings, S Reich, W Rottgering, HJA Schoenmakers, AP Sluman, J Smirnov, O Sobey, C Stappers, B Steinmetz, M Swinbank, J Tagger, M Tang, Y Tasse, C van Ardenne, A van Cappellen, W van Duin, AP van Haarlem, M van Leeuwen, J van Weeren, RJ Vermeulen, R Vocks, C Wijers, RAMJ Wise, M Wucknitz, O AF Offringa, A. R. de Bruyn, A. G. Zaroubi, S. van Diepen, G. Martinez-Ruby, O. Labropoulos, P. Brentjens, M. A. Ciardi, B. Daiboo, S. Harker, G. Jelic, V. Kazemi, S. Koopmans, L. V. E. Mellema, G. Pandey, V. N. Pizzo, R. F. Schaye, J. Vedantham, H. Veligatla, V. Wijnholds, S. J. Yatawatta, S. Zarka, P. Alexov, A. Anderson, J. Asgekar, A. Avruch, M. Beck, R. Bell, M. Bell, M. R. Bentum, M. Bernardi, G. Best, P. Birzan, L. Bonafede, A. Breitling, F. Broderick, J. W. Brueggen, M. Butcher, H. Conway, J. de Vos, M. Dettmar, R. J. Eisloeffel, J. Falcke, H. Fender, R. Frieswijk, W. Gerbers, M. Griessmeier, J. M. Gunst, A. W. Hassall, T. E. Heald, G. Hessels, J. Hoeft, M. Horneffer, A. Karastergiou, A. Kondratiev, V. Koopman, Y. Kuniyoshi, M. Kuper, G. Maat, P. Mann, G. McKean, J. Meulman, H. Mevius, M. Mol, J. D. Nijboer, R. Noordam, J. Norden, M. Paas, H. Pandey, M. Pizzo, R. Polatidis, A. Rafferty, D. Rawlings, S. Reich, W. Roettgering, H. J. A. Schoenmakers, A. P. Sluman, J. Smirnov, O. Sobey, C. Stappers, B. Steinmetz, M. Swinbank, J. Tagger, M. Tang, Y. Tasse, C. van Ardenne, A. van Cappellen, W. van Duin, A. P. van Haarlem, M. van Leeuwen, J. van Weeren, R. J. Vermeulen, R. Vocks, C. Wijers, R. A. M. J. Wise, M. Wucknitz, O. TI The LOFAR radio environment SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: interferometers; methods: data analysis; techniques: interferometric; telescopes; radio continuum: general ID INTERFERENCE MITIGATION; FILTERING TECHNIQUES; TELESCOPES; ASTRONOMY; REMOVAL; RFI AB Aims. This paper discusses the spectral occupancy for performing radio astronomy with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR), with a focus on imaging observations. Methods. We have analysed the radio-frequency interference (RFI) situation in two 24-h surveys with Dutch LOFAR stations, covering 30-78 MHz with low-band antennas and 115-163 MHz with high-band antennas. This is a subset of the full frequency range of LOFAR. The surveys have been observed with a 0.76 kHz/1 s resolution. Results. We measured the RFI occupancy in the low and high frequency sets to be 1.8% and 3.2% respectively. These values are found to be representative values for the LOFAR radio environment. Between day and night, there is no significant difference in the radio environment. We find that lowering the current observational time and frequency resolutions of LOFAR results in a slight loss of flagging accuracy. At LOFAR's nominal resolution of 0.76 kHz and 1 s, the false-positives rate is about 0.5%. This rate increases approximately linearly when decreasing the data frequency resolution. Conclusions. Currently, by using an automated RFI detection strategy, the LOFAR radio environment poses no perceivable problems for sensitive observing. It remains to be seen if this is still true for very deep observations that integrate over tens of nights, but the situation looks promising. Reasons for the low impact of RFI are the high spectral and time resolution of LOFAR; accurate detection methods; strong filters and high receiver linearity; and the proximity of the antennas to the ground. We discuss some strategies that can be used once low-level RFI starts to become apparent. It is important that the frequency range of LOFAR remains free of broadband interference, such as DAB stations and windmills. C1 [Offringa, A. R.; de Bruyn, A. G.; Zaroubi, S.; Martinez-Ruby, O.; Daiboo, S.; Kazemi, S.; Koopmans, L. V. E.; Vedantham, H.; Veligatla, V.; Avruch, M.; Bernardi, G.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Offringa, A. R.; Butcher, H.] RSAA, Mt Stromlo Observ, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [de Bruyn, A. G.; van Diepen, G.; Labropoulos, P.; Brentjens, M. A.; Jelic, V.; Pandey, V. N.; Pizzo, R. F.; Wijnholds, S. J.; Yatawatta, S.; Asgekar, A.; Bentum, M.; Butcher, H.; de Vos, M.; Frieswijk, W.; Gerbers, M.; Griessmeier, J. M.; Gunst, A. W.; Heald, G.; Hessels, J.; Kondratiev, V.; Koopman, Y.; Kuper, G.; Maat, P.; McKean, J.; Meulman, H.; Mevius, M.; Mol, J. D.; Nijboer, R.; Noordam, J.; Norden, M.; Paas, H.; Pizzo, R.; Polatidis, A.; Schoenmakers, A. P.; Sluman, J.; Smirnov, O.; Tang, Y.; van Ardenne, A.; van Cappellen, W.; van Duin, A. P.; van Haarlem, M.; van Leeuwen, J.; van Weeren, R. J.; Vermeulen, R.; Wise, M.] ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Ciardi, B.; Bell, M. R.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Harker, G.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mellema, G.] AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Schaye, J.; Birzan, L.; Pandey, M.; Rafferty, D.; Roettgering, H. J. A.; van Weeren, R. J.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Zarka, P.; Tasse, C.] Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Alexov, A.; Swinbank, J.; Wijers, R. A. M. J.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Anderson, J.; Beck, R.; Horneffer, A.; Kuniyoshi, M.; Reich, W.; Sobey, C.; Wucknitz, O.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-53010 Bonn, Germany. [Avruch, M.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Bell, M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys A28, Sydney Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Bernardi, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Best, P.] Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Bonafede, A.; Brueggen, M.] Jacobs Univ Bremen, D-28759 Bremen, Germany. [Breitling, F.; Mann, G.; Steinmetz, M.; Vocks, C.] Astrophys Inst Potzdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. [Bell, M.; Broderick, J. W.; Fender, R.; Hassall, T. E.] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Brueggen, M.] Univ Hamburg, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. [Conway, J.; van Ardenne, A.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Dettmar, R. J.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. [Eisloeffel, J.; Hoeft, M.] Tautenburg Observ, Thuringer Landessternwarte, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. [Falcke, H.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Fac NWI, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Griessmeier, J. M.; Tagger, M.] Ctr Natl Rech Sci, F-75794 Paris 16, France. [Hassall, T. E.; Stappers, B.] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Karastergiou, A.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Pandey, M.; Rawlings, S.] Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69561 St Genis Laval, France. [Smirnov, O.] Rhodes Univ, RATT, Dep Phys & Elect, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Wucknitz, O.] Univ Bonn, D-53012 Bonn, Germany. [Wucknitz, O.] Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Offringa, AR (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, POB 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. EM offringa@mso.anu.edu.au RI Jelic, Vibor/B-2938-2014; Mellema, Garrelt/K-4962-2014; Tagger, Michel/O-6615-2014; Ciardi, Benedetta/N-7625-2015; Kondratiev, Vladislav/N-1105-2015; Falcke, Heino/H-5262-2012; Yatawatta, Sarod/E-6037-2013 OI Harker, Geraint/0000-0002-7894-4082; van Weeren, Reinout/0000-0002-0587-1660; Schaye, Joop/0000-0002-0668-5560; Jelic, Vibor/0000-0002-6034-8610; Mellema, Garrelt/0000-0002-2512-6748; Wijers, Ralph/0000-0002-3101-1808; Tagger, Michel/0000-0003-2962-3220; Kondratiev, Vladislav/0000-0001-8864-7471; Falcke, Heino/0000-0002-2526-6724; Swinbank, John/0000-0001-9445-1846; Yatawatta, Sarod/0000-0001-5619-4017 NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 549 AR A11 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201220293 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 073LR UT WOS:000313745000011 ER PT J AU Ruiz, A Risaliti, G Nardini, E Panessa, F Carrera, FJ AF Ruiz, A. Risaliti, G. Nardini, E. Panessa, F. Carrera, F. J. TI Analysis of Spitzer-IRS spectra of hyperluminous infrared galaxies SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: starburst; X-rays: galaxies; infrared: galaxies; galaxies: evolution ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; PALOMAR-GREEN QUASARS; SIMILAR-TO 2; STAR-FORMATION; X-RAY; SPACE-TELESCOPE; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; XMM-NEWTON; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AB Context. Hyperluminous infrared galaxies (HLIRG) are the most luminous persistent objects in the Universe. They exhibit extremely high star formation rates, and most of them seem to harbour an active galactic nucleus (AGN). They are unique laboratories for investigating the most extreme star formation and its connection to super-massive black hole growth. Aims. The relative AGN and starburst (SB) contributions to the total output in these objects is still debated. Our aim is to disentangle the AGN and SB emission of a sample of thirteen HLIRG. Methods. We studied the MIR low-resolution spectra of a sample of thirteen HLIRG obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph on board Spitzer. The 5-8 mu m range is an optimal window for detecting AGN activity even in a heavily obscured environment. We performed an SB/AGN decomposition of the continuum using templates, which has been successfully applied for ULIRG in previous works. Results. The MIR spectra of all sources is largely dominated by AGN emission. By converting the 6 mu m luminosity into IR luminosity, we found that similar to 80% of the sample shows an IR output dominated by the AGN emission. However, the SB activity is significant in all sources (mean SB contribution similar to 30%), showing star formation rates similar to 300-3000 M-circle dot yr(-1). With X-ray and MIR data we estimated the dust covering factor (CF) of these HLIRG, finding that a significant fraction presents a CF consistent with unity. Along with the high X-ray absorption shown by these sources, this suggests that large amounts of dust and gas enshroud the nucleus of these HLIRG, as also observed in ULIRG. Conclusions. Our results agree with previous studies of the IR SED of HLIRG using radiative transfer models, and we find strong evidence that all HLIRG harbour an AGN. Moreover, this work provides further support for the idea that AGN and SB are both crucial to understanding the properties of HLIRG. Our study of the CF supports the hypothesis that HLIRG can be divided into two different populations. C1 [Ruiz, A.] Osserv Astron Brera, Ist Nazl Astrofis INAF, I-20121 Milan, Italy. [Ruiz, A.] IUCAA, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. [Risaliti, G.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Risaliti, G.; Nardini, E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Panessa, F.] Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali Roma IAPS, INAF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Carrera, F. J.] UC, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria IFCA, Santander 39005, Spain. RP Ruiz, A (reprint author), Osserv Astron Brera, Ist Nazl Astrofis INAF, Via Brera 21, I-20121 Milan, Italy. EM ruizca@iucaa.ernet.in RI Ruiz, Angel/B-4914-2008; OI Ruiz, Angel/0000-0002-3352-4383; Risaliti, Guido/0000-0002-3556-977X; Panessa, Francesca/0000-0003-0543-3617 FU IUCAA post-doctoral fellowship; ASI grant [ASI I/088/06/0]; Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [ESP2003-00812, ESP2006-13608-C02-01]; NASA; ESA Member States; NASA through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Ames Research Center; [AYA2010-21490-C02-01]; [ASI INAF I/08/07/0] FX We are grateful to the anonymous referee for the constructive comments and suggestions that improved this paper. A.R. acknowledges support from an IUCAA post-doctoral fellowship and from ASI grant No. ASI I/088/06/0. Financial support for A.R. and F.J.C. was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, under project ESP2003-00812 and ESP2006-13608-C02-01. F.J.C. acknowledges financial support under the project AYA2010-21490-C02-01. F.P. acknowledges financial support under the project ASI INAF I/08/07/0. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA, and with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and NASA. The IRS was a collaborative venture between Cornell University and Ball Aerospace Corporation funded by NASA through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Ames Research Center. SMART was developed by the IRS Team at Cornell University. NR 109 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 549 AR A125 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015257 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 073LR UT WOS:000313745000125 ER PT J AU Uhen, MD Barnosky, AD Bills, B Blois, J Carrano, MT Carrasco, MA Erickson, GM Eronen, JT Fortelius, M Graham, RW Grimm, EC O'Leary, MA Mast, A Piel, WH Polly, PD Saila, LK AF Uhen, Mark D. Barnosky, Anthony D. Bills, Brian Blois, Jessica Carrano, Matthew T. Carrasco, Marc A. Erickson, Gregory M. Eronen, Jussi T. Fortelius, Mikael Graham, Russell W. Grimm, Eric C. O'Leary, Maureen A. Mast, Austin Piel, William H. Polly, P. David Saila, Laura K. TI FROM CARD CATALOGS TO COMPUTERS: DATABASES IN VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MASS EXTINCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOSSIL RECORD; LATE MIOCENE; MAMMALS; DIVERSITY; NEOGENE; DIVERSIFICATION; INFORMATION AB Data, whether images, measurements, counts, occurrences, or character codings, are a cornerstone of vertebrate paleontology. Every published paper, master's thesis, and doctoral dissertation relies on these data to document patterns and processes in evolution, ecology, taphonomy, geography, geologic time, and functional morphology, to name just a few. In turn, the vertebrate paleontology community relies on published data in order to reproduce and verify others' work, as well as to expand upon published analyses in new ways without having to reconstitute data sets that have been used by earlier authors and to accurately preserve data for future generations of researchers. Here, we review several databases that are of interest to vertebrate paleontologists and strongly advocate for more deposition of basic research data in publicly accessible databases by vertebrate paleontologists. C1 [Uhen, Mark D.] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Barnosky, Anthony D.; Carrasco, Marc A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barnosky, Anthony D.; Carrasco, Marc A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Paleontol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bills, Brian] Penn State Univ, Ctr Environm Informat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Blois, Jessica] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climate Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Carrano, Matthew T.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Erickson, Gregory M.; Mast, Austin] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Eronen, Jussi T.; Fortelius, Mikael; Saila, Laura K.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Geosci & Geog, HY-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Eronen, Jussi T.] Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr LOEWE BiK F, Nat Museum, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Eronen, Jussi T.] Senckenberg Res Inst, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Graham, Russell W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Grimm, Eric C.] Illinois State Museum, Res & Collect Ctr, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. [O'Leary, Maureen A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Dept Anat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Mast, Austin] Florida State Univ, Robert K Godfrey Herbarium, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Piel, William H.] Yale NUS Coll, Singapore 138614, Singapore. [Polly, P. David] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Uhen, MD (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM muhen@gmu.edu; barnosky@berkeley.edu; bbills@essc.psu.edu; blois@wisc.edu; carranom@si.edu; carrasco@berkeley.edu; gerickson@bio.fsu.edu; jussi.t.eronen@helsinki.fi; mikael.fortelius@helsinki.fi; rgraham@ems.psu.edu; grimm@museum.state.il.us; moleary@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; amast@bio.fsu.edu; william.piel@yale-nus.edu.sg; pdpolly@indiana.edu; laura.saila@helsinki.fi RI Eronen, Jussi/B-7978-2013; Grimm, Eric/G-3011-2013; Blois, Jessica/G-5893-2011; Carrano, Matthew/C-7601-2011; OI Eronen, Jussi/0000-0002-0390-8044; Blois, Jessica/0000-0003-4048-177X; Carrano, Matthew/0000-0003-2129-1612; Polly, P. David/0000-0001-7338-8526 FU US National Science Foundation [0446224, 0851313] FX We would first like to thank all of the vertebrate paleontologists who have painstakingly unearthed, prepared, studied, and described fossils. Their work have always been, and always will be, the foundation on which our science is based. Without them, we would have no taxa in our character matrices, no occurrence data for our diversity curves, nor any paleoecological data to interpret past climates. Second, we would like to thank all of the people who have already begun to deposit their current data in online databases. Your actions in this regard are both fruitful to your own research program, but also benefit the community greatly by providing easy access to your data for further analysis and research. Finally, thanks to all of those who keystroke legacy data into databases, giving us all new access to old data that may have been temporarily lost from field through neglect. The PIs of Morphbank gratefully acknowledge funding from the US National Science Foundation for its development (awards 0446224 to A.M., G.E., and colleagues and award 0851313 to A.M. and colleagues). NR 87 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 77 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2013 VL 33 IS 1 BP 13 EP 28 PG 16 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 070HL UT WOS:000313497100002 ER PT J AU Valenzuela-Toro, AM Gutstein, CS Varas-Malca, RM Suarez, ME Pyenson, ND AF Valenzuela-Toro, Ana M. Gutstein, Carolina S. Varas-Malca, Rafael M. Suarez, Mario E. Pyenson, Nicholas D. TI PINNIPED TURNOVER IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN: NEW EVIDENCE FROM THE PLIO-PLEISTOCENE OF THE ATACAMA DESERT, CHILE SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-CENTRAL CHILE; CARNIVORA OTARIIDAE; MIOCENE; SEALS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; COASTAL; DEFINITION; PHYLOGENY; TAXONOMY; DEPOSITS AB Modern pinnipeds distributed along the coasts of continental South America consist almost entirely of otariids (sea lions and fur seals). In contrast, phocids (true seals) are present only on the southernmost extreme of Chile. This recent biogeographic pattern is consistent with the zooarchaeological record (similar to 8-2 ka), but it is incompatible with the pinniped fossil record during the Neogene. From the middle Miocene to the Pliocene, true seals exclusively dominated pinniped assemblages, and they were only replaced by the fur seals and sea lions sometime after the early Pliocene. Here, we describe pinniped material collected from two new localities in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile, that clarifies this marine mammal faunal turnover. Specifically, these finds provide records of the first occurrence of Otariidae (late Pleistocene) and the last occurrence of Phocidae (early Pliocene) in Chile, which in turn constrain the timing of this turnover to between the early Pliocene and late Pleistocene. The stratigraphic context of these findings provides new insights into hypotheses that explain this faunal turnover in South America, and we briefly discuss them in the context of turnover events involving other marine vertebrates throughout the Southern Hemisphere. C1 [Valenzuela-Toro, Ana M.; Gutstein, Carolina S.] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Lab Ecofisiol, Santiago, Chile. [Gutstein, Carolina S.; Pyenson, Nicholas D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Varas-Malca, Rafael M.] Museo Hist Nat UNMSM, Dept Paleontol Vertebrados, Lima 14, Peru. [Suarez, Mario E.] Museo Paleontol Caldera, Caldera, Region De Ataca, Chile. [Pyenson, Nicholas D.] Burke Museum Nat Hist & Culture, Dept Palaeontol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Valenzuela-Toro, AM (reprint author), Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Lab Ecofisiol, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile. EM avalenzuela.toro@gmail.com; sgcarolina@gmail.com; palaeomind@gmail.com; museopaleontocaldera@gmail.com; pyensonn@si.edu OI Gutstein, Carolina/0000-0002-0823-2434; Varas-Malca, Rafael M./0000-0002-4435-8229 FU CONICYT; Becas Chile; Departamento de Postgrado y Postitulo of the Vicerrectoria de Asuntos Academicos of Universidad de Chile; Smithsonian Institution's Remington Kellogg Fund; NMNH; NMNH Office of the Director; National Geographic Society Committee on Research Exploration grants [8903-11, 9019-11] FX We would like to thank J. Velez-Juarbe, R. Salas-Gismondi, M. Stucchi, J. F. Parham, and D. Rubilar-Rogers for their comments and suggestions that improved the preliminary version of the manuscript. We appreciate the useful and detailed comments from the editor J. H. Geisler, as well as those from R. W. Boessenecker and an anonymous reviewer, who substantially improved the manuscript. We also thank S. Fuentes Tamblay and S. Soto Acuna for the preparation and photography, respectively, of the specimens reported here, and R. Yury-Yanez for the assistance in the preparation of the Bahia Inglesa Formation map. For access to comparative material, we also thank D. J. Bohaska (Paleobiology) and C. W. Potter (Vertebrate Zoology) at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) in Washington, D.C. C.S.G. was funded by CONICYT, Becas Chile, Departamento de Postgrado y Postitulo of the Vicerrectoria de Asuntos Academicos of Universidad de Chile, and the Smithsonian Institution's Remington Kellogg Fund. This work was also funded by a NMNH Small Grant Award, discretionary funding from NMNH Office of the Director, the Smithsonian Institution's Remington Kellogg Fund, and two National Geographic Society Committee on Research Exploration grants (8903-11, 9019-11) to N.D.P. Permit No. 5979 was granted by the Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales. This paper is Caldera Paleontology Project contribution no. 2. NR 80 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2013 VL 33 IS 1 BP 216 EP 223 PG 8 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 070HL UT WOS:000313497100017 ER PT J AU Simpson, LT Feller, IC Chapman, SK AF Simpson, Lorae T. Feller, Ilka C. Chapman, Samantha K. TI Effects of competition and nutrient enrichemnt on Avicennia germinans in the salt marsh-mangrove ecotone SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Avicennia germinans; Nitrogen; Competition; Seedling; Biomass partitioning; Growth; Leaf ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; ELEVATED CO2; GROWTH; NITROGEN; ENRICHMENT; TEMPERATE; AUSTRALIA; DYNAMICS; FLORIDA AB A field experiment in Florida's salt marsh-mangrove ecotone was conducted to determine the impact of nitrogen (N) addition and aboveground competition on mangrove seedling growth and biomass partitioning. At this ecotone, Avicennia germ mans (black mangrove) seedlings grow in competition with salt marsh species and provide a natural experiment. The seedlings were subjected to nutrient enrichment and released from aboveground competition via a meshing treatment. Aboveground competition removal decreased leaf area and foliar C:N (by 44.1% and 26.8%, respectively) while N-enrichment increased mangrove leaf production by 41.7%, foliar N by 62.2%, and leaf biomass by 72.1%. These results indicate that A. germinans seedlings significantly modify leaf characteristics in response to changing availability of light and nutrient resources. This work illustrates that mangrove seedlings (1) show large plasticity in both growth and nutrient acquisition, and (2) compete with salt marsh species. Our work also brings to light the interactive effects of biotic and abiotic drivers of mangrove productivity and the need for more multifactorial work in this important ecotone, where range shifts may be occurring. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Simpson, Lorae T.; Chapman, Samantha K.] Villanova Univ, Dept Biol, Villanova, PA 19003 USA. [Simpson, Lorae T.; Feller, Ilka C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Simpson, LT (reprint author), 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM simpsonl@si.edu OI Feller, Ilka/0000-0002-6391-1608 FU Villanova University; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center FX We are grateful to Villanova University and the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center for funding this work. The scientists and staff at Villanova University and the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, FL provided facilities and assistance for the execution of this research. We gratefully acknowledge A. Chamberlin, R. Feller, K. Barritt, J. LaPergola, K.A. Shepard, E. Dangremond, G. Coldren, and R. Baker for field assistance and J.A. Langley for manuscript edits. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 EI 1879-1522 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 104 BP 55 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2012.09.006 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 070AR UT WOS:000313478700007 ER PT J AU Hegde, S Kaltenegger, L AF Hegde, Siddharth Kaltenegger, Lisa TI Colors of Extreme Exo-Earth Environments SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Color-color; Habitability; Extrasolar terrestrial planet; Extreme environments; Extremophiles; Reflectivity ID EXTRASOLAR TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; DEINOCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; VEGETATION SIGNATURE; RADIATION-RESISTANCE; SPECTRAL SIGNATURES; LIFE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EVOLUTION; SEARCH; ATMOSPHERE AB The search for extrasolar planets has already detected rocky planets and several planetary candidates with minimum masses that are consistent with rocky planets in the habitable zone of their host stars. A low-resolution spectrum in the form of a color-color diagram of an exoplanet is likely to be one of the first post-detection quantities to be measured for the case of direct detection. In this paper, we explore potentially detectable surface features on rocky exoplanets and their connection to, and importance as, a habitat for extremophiles, as known on Earth. Extremophiles provide us with the minimum known envelope of environmental limits for life on our planet. The color of a planet reveals information on its properties, especially for surface features of rocky planets with clear atmospheres. We use filter photometry in the visible as a first step in the characterization of rocky exoplanets to prioritize targets for follow-up spectroscopy. Many surface environments on Earth have characteristic albedos and occupy a different color space in the visible waveband (0.4-0.9 lm) that can be distinguished remotely. These detectable surface features can be linked to the extreme niches that support extremophiles on Earth and provide a link between geomicrobiology and observational astronomy. This paper explores how filter photometry can serve as a first step in characterizing Earth-like exoplanets for an aerobic as well as an anaerobic atmosphere, thereby prioritizing targets to search for atmospheric biosignatures. C1 [Hegde, Siddharth; Kaltenegger, Lisa] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Kaltenegger, Lisa] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hegde, S (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Koenigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM hegde@mpia.de FU DFG [ENP Ka 3142/1-1]; NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI); International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Cosmic Physics at the University of Heidelberg (IMPRS-HD) FX The authors would like to thank Dorian S. Abbot and the referee for comments that strengthened the paper as well as Lynn J. Rothschild for useful discussion on extremophiles. The authors acknowledge support from DFG funding ENP Ka 3142/1-1. Lisa Kaltenegger gratefully acknowledges support from the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI). Siddharth Hegde acknowledges support from the International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Cosmic Physics at the University of Heidelberg (IMPRS-HD), of which he is a fellow. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 33 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JAN PY 2013 VL 13 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1089/ast.2012.0849 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 072MP UT WOS:000313676000003 PM 23252379 ER PT J AU Kleinman, SJ Kepler, SO Koester, D Pelisoli, I Pecanha, V Nitta, A Costa, JES Krzesinski, J Dufour, P Lachapelle, FR Bergeron, P Yip, CW Harris, HC Eisenstein, DJ Althaus, L Corsico, A AF Kleinman, S. J. Kepler, S. O. Koester, D. Pelisoli, Ingrid Pecanha, Viviane Nitta, A. Costa, J. E. S. Krzesinski, J. Dufour, P. Lachapelle, F. -R. Bergeron, P. Yip, Ching-Wa Harris, Hugh C. Eisenstein, Daniel J. Althaus, L. Corsico, A. TI SDSS DR7 WHITE DWARF CATALOG SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; magnetic fields; stars: luminosity function, mass function; surveys; white dwarfs ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; IA PROGENITOR SURVEY; 1ST DATA RELEASE; ELECTRIC MICROFIELD DISTRIBUTIONS; 7TH DATA RELEASE; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; ATMOSPHERIC PARAMETERS; PHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; MASS-DISTRIBUTION AB We present a new catalog of spectroscopically confirmed white dwarf stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7 spectroscopic catalog. We find 20,407 white dwarf spectra, representing 19,712 stars, and provide atmospheric model fits to 14,120 DA and 1011 DB white dwarf spectra from 12,843 and 923 stars, respectively. These numbers represent more than a factor of two increase in the total number of white dwarf stars from the previous SDSS white dwarf catalogs based on DR4 data. Our distribution of subtypes varies from previous catalogs due to our more conservative, manual classifications of each star in our catalog, supplementing our automatic fits. In particular, we find a large number of magnetic white dwarf stars whose small Zeeman splittings mimic increased Stark broadening that would otherwise result in an overestimated log g if fit as a non-magnetic white dwarf. We calculate mean DA and DB masses for our clean, non-magnetic sample and find the DB mean mass is statistically larger than that for the DAs. C1 [Kleinman, S. J.; Nitta, A.] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Kepler, S. O.; Pelisoli, Ingrid; Pecanha, Viviane; Costa, J. E. S.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Koester, D.] Univ Kiel, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. [Krzesinski, J.] Pedag Univ Cracow, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. [Dufour, P.; Lachapelle, F. -R.; Bergeron, P.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Yip, Ching-Wa] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Harris, Hugh C.] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Eisenstein, Daniel J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Althaus, L.; Corsico, A.] Fac Ciencias Astron & Geofis, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. RP Kleinman, SJ (reprint author), Gemini Observ, 670 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM hch@nofs.navy.mil RI Kepler, S. O. /H-5901-2012; Pelisoli, Ingrid/H-8619-2014; OI Kepler, S. O. /0000-0002-7470-5703; Lachapelle, Francois-Rene/0000-0003-4997-0449 FU Gemini Observatory; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England; American Museum of Natural History; Astrophysical Institute Potsdam; University of Basel; University of Cambridge; Case Western Reserve University; University of Chicago; Drexel University; Fermilab; Institute for Advanced Study; Japan Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology; Korean Scientist Group; Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA); Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA); New Mexico State University; Ohio State University; University of Pittsburgh; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University; United States Naval Observatory; University of Washington; NSERC Canada; FQRNT Quebec; FAPERGS; CNPq-Brazil FX We thank Matt Burleigh for thorough and useful comments during the referee process. This work was partially supported by the Gemini Observatory which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., on behalf of the international Gemini partnership of Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS Web Site is http://www.sdss.org/.; The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, University of Basel, University of Cambridge, Case Western Reserve University, University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, Ohio State University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory, and the University of Washington. P. D. is a CRAQ postdoctoral fellow. This work was supported in part by NSERC Canada and FQRNT Quebec. S.O.K., I. P., V.P., and J.E.S. were supported by FAPERGS and CNPq-Brazil. NR 89 TC 129 Z9 129 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 204 IS 1 AR UNSP 5 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/204/1/5 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 070NN UT WOS:000313515500005 ER PT J AU Evans, J van Donkelaar, A Martin, RV Burnett, R Rainham, DG Birkett, NJ Krewski, D AF Evans, Jessica van Donkelaar, Aaron Martin, Randall V. Burnett, Richard Rainham, Daniel G. Birkett, Nicholas J. Krewski, Daniel TI Estimates of global mortality attributable to particulate air pollution using satellite imagery SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Health burden; Global; Mortality; Particulate matter; Satellite imaging ID NETWORK AERONET OBSERVATIONS; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; MATTER; DISEASE; QUALITY; HEALTH; VALIDATION; BURDEN; SYSTEM AB Background: Epidemiological studies of the health effects of air pollution have traditionally relied upon ground-monitoring stations to measure ambient concentrations. Satellite derived air pollution measures offer the advantage of providing global coverage. Objective: To undertake a global assessment of mortality associated with long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution using remote sensing data. Methods: Global PM2.5 exposure levels were derived from the MODIS and MISR satellite instruments. Relative risks and attributable fractions of mortality were modeled using previously developed concentration-response functions for the association between PM2.5 and mortality. Results: The global fraction of adult mortality attributable to the anthropogenic component of PM2.5 (95% CI) was 8.0% (5.3-10.5) for cardiopulmonary disease, 12.8% (5.9-18.5) for lung cancer, and 9.4% (6.6-11.8) for ischemic heart disease. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of using satellite derived pollution concentrations in assessing the population health impacts of air pollution at the global scale. This approach leads to global estimates of mortality attributable to PM2.5 that are greater than those based on fixed site ground-level measures of urban PM2.5, but more similar to estimates based on global chemical transport model simulations of anthropogenic PM2.5. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Evans, Jessica] Univ Ottawa, McLaughlin Ctr Populat Hlth Risk Assessment, Inst Populat Hlth, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [van Donkelaar, Aaron; Martin, Randall V.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [Martin, Randall V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Burnett, Richard] Hlth Canada, Environm & Radiat Hlth Sci Directorate, Hlth Environm & Consumer Safety Branch, Environm Hlth Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. [Rainham, Daniel G.] Dalhousie Univ, Fac Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Birkett, Nicholas J.; Krewski, Daniel] Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. RP Evans, J (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, McLaughlin Ctr Populat Hlth Risk Assessment, Inst Populat Hlth, 1 Stewart St, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. EM jessica.evans@mail.mcgill.ca RI Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014 OI Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Killam Trust FX A.v D. was supported by graduate fellowships from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Killam Trust. DK is the NSERC Chair in Risk Science at the University of Ottawa. NR 37 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 88 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 EI 1096-0953 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 120 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2012.08.005 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 071PJ UT WOS:000313606400005 PM 22959329 ER PT J AU Suda-King, C Bania, AE Stromberg, EE Subiaul, F AF Suda-King, Chikako Bania, Amanda E. Stromberg, Erin E. Subiaul, Francys TI Gorillas' use of the escape response in object choice memory tests SO ANIMAL COGNITION LA English DT Article DE Metacognition; Ape; Gorillas; Escape response ID MONKEYS CEBUS-APELLA; MACACA-MULATTA; UNCERTAIN RESPONSE; METAMEMORY; METACOGNITION; AWARENESS; INFORMATION; ORANGUTANS; EVOLUTION; REMEMBER AB The ability to monitor and control one's own cognitive states, metacognition, is crucial for effective learning and problem solving. Although the literature on animal metacognition has grown considerably during last 15 years, there have been few studies examining whether great apes share such introspective abilities with humans. Here, we tested whether four gorillas could meet two criteria of animal metacognition, the increase in escape responses as a function of task difficulty and the chosen-forced performance advantage. During testing, the subjects participated in a series of object choice memory tests in which a preferable reward (two grapes) was placed under one of two or three blue cups. The apes were required to correctly select the baited blue cup in this primary test. Importantly, the subjects also had an escape response (a yellow cup), where they could obtain a secure but smaller reward (one grape) without taking the memory test. Although the gorillas received a relatively small number of trials and thus experienced little training, three gorillas significantly declined the memory tests more often in difficult trials (e.g., when the location of the preferred reward conflicted with side bias) than in easy trials (e.g., when there was no such conflict). Moreover, even when objective cues were eliminated that corresponded to task difficulty, one of the successful gorillas showed evidence suggestive of improved memory performance with the help of escape response by selectively avoiding trials in which he would be likely to err before the memory test actually proceeded. Together, these findings demonstrate that at least some gorillas may be able to make optimal choices on the basis of their own memory trace strength about the location of the preferred reward. C1 [Suda-King, Chikako] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Anim Care Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Suda-King, Chikako; Bania, Amanda E.; Stromberg, Erin E.; Subiaul, Francys] Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Think Tank, Washington, DC USA. [Subiaul, Francys] George Washington Univ, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, GW Mind Brain Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Subiaul, Francys] George Washington Univ, Inst Neurosci, Washington, DC USA. [Subiaul, Francys] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Ctr Adv Study Human Paleobiol, Washington, DC USA. RP Suda-King, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Anim Care Sci, POB 37012,MRC 5507, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM chimpkako@hotmail.com FU David Bohnett Foundation; Smithsonian Institute Fellowship; National Science Foundation [BCS-0748717] FX I thank Lisa Stevens for allowing me to work with the great apes at the Smithsonian's National Zoological Park and all the zookeepers of the Great Ape House for their support. I also thank Milton Tierney for constructing the testing apparatus. This study was supported by a research grant from the David Bohnett Foundation, the Smithsonian Institute Fellowship to CK, and a CAREER Grant from the National Science Foundation to FS (BCS-0748717). All of the experiments were approved by the IACUC of the National Zoological Park and complied with the current laws of the country in which they were conducted. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 34 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1435-9448 J9 ANIM COGN JI Anim. Cogn. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 16 IS 1 BP 65 EP 84 DI 10.1007/s10071-012-0551-5 PG 20 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 063QX UT WOS:000313016000007 PM 22923213 ER PT J AU Basu-Zych, AR Lehmer, BD Hornschemeier, AE Bouwens, RJ Fragos, T Oesch, PA Belczynski, K Brandt, WN Kalogera, V Luo, B Miller, N Mullaney, JR Tzanavaris, P Xue, YQ Zezas, A AF Basu-Zych, Antara R. Lehmer, Bret D. Hornschemeier, Ann E. Bouwens, Rychard J. Fragos, Tassos Oesch, Pascal A. Belczynski, Krzysztof Brandt, W. N. Kalogera, Vassiliki Luo, Bin Miller, Neal Mullaney, James R. Tzanavaris, Panayiotis Xue, Yongquan Zezas, Andreas TI THE X-RAY STAR FORMATION STORY AS TOLD BY LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES IN THE 4 Ms CDF-S SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: high-redshift; Galaxy: evolution; stars: evolution; X-rays: binaries ID DEEP FIELD-SOUTH; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS; UV LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; GOODS-NORTH FIELD; EXTRAGALACTIC LEGACY SURVEY; POINT-SOURCE CATALOGS; FORMING GALAXIES; WFC3/IR OBSERVATIONS; FORMATION HISTORY AB We present results from deep X-ray stacking of >4000 high-redshift galaxies from z approximate to 1 to 8 using the 4Ms Chandra Deep Field-South data, the deepest X-ray survey of the extragalactic sky to date. The galaxy samples were selected using the Lyman break technique based primarily on recent Hubble Space Telescope ACS and WFC3 observations. Based on such high specific star formation rates (sSFRs): log SFR/M-* > -8.7, we expect that the observed properties of these Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) are dominated by young stellar populations. The X-ray emission in LBGs, eliminating individually detected X-ray sources (potential active galactic nucleus), is expected to be powered by X-ray binaries and hot gas. We find, for the first time, evidence of evolution in the X-ray/SFR relation. Based on X-ray stacking analyses for z < 4 LBGs (covering similar to 90% of the universe's history), we find that the 2-10 keV X-ray luminosity evolves weakly with redshift (z) and SFR as logL(X) = 0.93 log(1 + z) + 0.65 log SFR + 39.80. By comparing our observations with sophisticated X-ray binary population synthesis models, we interpret that the redshift evolution of L-X/SFR is driven by metallicity evolution in high mass X-ray binaries, likely the dominant population in these high sSFR galaxies. We also compare these models with our observations of X-ray luminosity density (total 2-10 keV luminosity per Mpc(3)) and find excellent agreement. While there are no significant stacked detections at z greater than or similar to 5, we use our upper limits from 5 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 8 LBGs to constrain the supermassive black hole accretion history of the universe around the epoch of reionization. C1 [Basu-Zych, Antara R.; Lehmer, Bret D.; Hornschemeier, Ann E.; Tzanavaris, Panayiotis] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lehmer, Bret D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Bouwens, Rychard J.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Bouwens, Rychard J.; Oesch, Pascal A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Fragos, Tassos] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Belczynski, Krzysztof] Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. [Belczynski, Krzysztof] Univ Texas Brownsville, Ctr Gravitat Wave Astron, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Brandt, W. N.; Luo, Bin; Xue, Yongquan] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Brandt, W. N.; Luo, Bin; Xue, Yongquan] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kalogera, Vassiliki] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Miller, Neal] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mullaney, James R.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Xue, Yongquan] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Astron, Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol, Chinese Acad Sci, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Zezas, Andreas] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Zezas, Andreas] Univ Crete, Inst Theoret & Computat Phys, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Zezas, Andreas] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. RP Basu-Zych, AR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM antara.r.basu-zych@nasa.gov RI Brandt, William/N-2844-2015; Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011; OI Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453; Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Oesch, Pascal/0000-0001-5851-6649 FU Chandra Cycle 12 program [12620841]; NASA [09-ADP09-0071]; NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center; Einstein Fellowship Program; Youth 1000 Plan program; USTC; NASA through Hubble Fellowship [HF-51278.01]; CfA; ITC prize fellowship programs; CXC [SP1-12007A]; NASA ADP [NNX10AC99G] FX We are grateful to the Chandra Director's office for commissioning the 4 Ms observation of the CDF-S. We thank Eze-quiel Treister for helpful discussions and the anonymous referee for suggestions. This research was supported by Chandra Cycle 12 program No. 12620841 (PI: Basu-Zych) and NASA ADP Proposal 09-ADP09-0071 (PI: Hornschemeier). A.R.B. gratefully acknowledges the appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA, and NASA's Swift Observatory for salary support. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Einstein Fellowship Program (B.D.L.), the Youth 1000 Plan program and the USTC startup funding (Y.Q.X.). P.O. acknowledges support provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HF-51278.01. T. F. acknowledges support from the CfA and the ITC prize fellowship programs. W.N.B., B.L., and Y.Q.X. thank CXC grant SP1-12007A and NASA ADP grant NNX10AC99G. Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA. The GOODS-H data were accessed through the HeDaM database (http://hedam.oamp.fr) operated by CeSAM and hosted by the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille. NR 87 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 45 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/45 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900045 ER PT J AU Beky, B Kocsis, B AF Beky, Bence Kocsis, Bence TI STELLAR TRANSITS IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; galaxies: active; techniques: photometric ID MASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; BROAD-LINE REGION; PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; XMM-NEWTON; ACCRETION DISKS; YOUNG STARS; GRAVITATIONAL-WAVES; GLOBULAR CLUSTER; NGC 1365; M-SIGMA AB Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are typically surrounded by a dense stellar population in galactic nuclei. Stars crossing the line of site in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) produce a characteristic transit light curve, just like extrasolar planets do when they transit their host star. We examine the possibility of finding such AGN transits in deep optical, UV, and X-ray surveys. We calculate transit light curves using the Novikov-Thorne thin accretion disk model, including general relativistic effects. Based on the expected properties of stellar cusps, we find that around 10(6) solar mass SMBHs, transits of red giants are most common for stars on close orbits with transit durations of a few weeks and orbital periods of a few years. We find that detecting AGN transits requires repeated observations of thousands of low-mass AGNs to 1% photometric accuracy in optical, or similar to 10% in UV bands or soft X-ray. It may be possible to identify stellar transits in the Pan-STARRS and LSST optical and the eROSITA X-ray surveys. Such observations could be used to constrain black hole mass, spin, inclination, and accretion rate. Transit rates and durations could give valuable information on the circumnuclear stellar clusters as well. Transit light curves could be used to image accretion disks with unprecedented resolution, allowing us to resolve the SMBH silhouette in distant AGNs. C1 [Beky, Bence; Kocsis, Bence] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Beky, B (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM bbeky@cfa.harvard.edu; bkocsis@cfa.harvard.edu RI Kocsis, Bence/C-3061-2013 OI Kocsis, Bence/0000-0002-4865-7517 FU NASA through Einstein Fellowship [PF9-00063]; NASA [NAS8-03060] FX The authors thank Akos Bogdan, Martin Elvis, Jeff McClintock, Barry McKernan, and Guido Risaliti for helpful discussions. B.K. acknowledges support from NASA through Einstein Fellowship PF9-00063 issued by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, operated by the SAO, on behalf of NASA under contract NAS8-03060. NR 91 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 35 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/35 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900035 ER PT J AU Broekhoven-Fiene, H Matthews, BC Kennedy, GM Booth, M Sibthorpe, B Lawler, SM Kavelaars, JJ Wyatt, MC Qi, CR Koning, A Su, KYL Rieke, GH Wilner, DJ Greaves, JS AF Broekhoven-Fiene, Hannah Matthews, Brenda C. Kennedy, Grant M. Booth, Mark Sibthorpe, Bruce Lawler, Samantha M. Kavelaars, J. J. Wyatt, Mark C. Qi, Chenruo Koning, Alice Su, Kate Y. L. Rieke, George H. Wilner, David J. Greaves, Jane S. TI THE DEBRIS DISK AROUND gamma DORADUS RESOLVED WITH HERSCHEL SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared: stars; stars: individual (gamma Doradus, HD 27290, HIP 19893) submillimeter: stars; techniques: photometric ID SUN-LIKE STARS; NEARBY STARS; KUIPER-BELT; SUBMILLIMETER IMAGES; SOLAR-SYSTEM; DUSTY DEBRIS; HR 8799; PLANETS; SPITZER; RING AB We present observations of the debris disk around. Doradus, an F1V star, from the Herschel Key Programme DEBRIS (Disc Emission via Bias-free Reconnaissance in the Infrared/Submillimetre). The disk is well resolved at 70, 100, and 160 mu m, resolved along its major axis at 250 mu m, detected but not resolved at 350 mu m, and confused with a background source at 500 mu m. It is one of our best resolved targets and we find it to have a radially broad dust distribution. The modeling of the resolved images cannot distinguish between two configurations: an arrangement of a warm inner ring at several AU (best fit 4 AU) and a cool outer belt extending from similar to 55 to 400 AU or an arrangement of two cool, narrow rings at similar to 70 AU and similar to 190 AU. This suggests that any configuration between these two is also possible. Both models have a total fractional luminosity of similar to 10(-5) and are consistent with the disk being aligned with the stellar equator. The inner edge of either possible configuration suggests that the most likely region to find planets in this system would be within similar to 55 AU of the star. A transient event is not needed to explain the warm dust's fractional luminosity. C1 [Broekhoven-Fiene, Hannah; Matthews, Brenda C.; Booth, Mark; Kavelaars, J. J.; Koning, Alice] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Broekhoven-Fiene, Hannah; Matthews, Brenda C.; Booth, Mark; Kavelaars, J. J.; Qi, Chenruo; Koning, Alice] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Kennedy, Grant M.; Wyatt, Mark C.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Sibthorpe, Bruce] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Lawler, Samantha M.; Qi, Chenruo] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Su, Kate Y. L.; Rieke, George H.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wilner, David J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Greaves, Jane S.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. RP Broekhoven-Fiene, H (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 3055, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. OI Booth, Mark/0000-0001-8568-6336 FU Canadian Space Agency's Space Science Enhancement Program; NASA [1353184] FX H.B.F. and M.B. acknowledge research support from the Canadian Space Agency's Space Science Enhancement Program. Many thanks to Karl Stapelfeldt for the helpful exchange on comparing IRS data to photometry. This work is based on observations made with Herschel, a European Space Agency Cornerstone Mission with significant participation by NASA. Support for this work in part was provided by NASA through an award (No. 1353184, PI: H. M. Butner) issued by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract to NASA. NR 67 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 52 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/52 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900052 ER PT J AU Dunner, R Hasselfield, M Marriage, TA Sievers, J Acquaviva, V Addison, GE Ade, PAR Aguirre, P Amiri, M Appel, JW Barrientos, LF Battistelli, ES Bond, JR Brown, B Burger, B Calabrese, E Chervenak, J Das, S Devlin, MJ Dicker, SR Doriese, WB Dunkley, J Essinger-Hileman, T Fisher, RP Gralla, MB Fowler, JW Hajian, A Halpern, M Hernandez-Monteagudo, C Hilton, GC Hilton, M Hincks, AD Hlozek, R Huffenberger, KM Hughes, DH Hughes, JP Infante, L Irwin, KD Juin, JB Kaul, M Klein, J Kosowsky, A Lau, JM Limon, M Lin, YT Louis, T Lupton, RH Marsden, D Martocci, K Mauskopf, P Menanteau, F Moodley, K Moseley, H Netterfield, CB Niemack, MD Nolta, MR Page, LA Parker, L Partridge, B Quintana, H Reid, B Sehgal, N Sherwin, BD Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Swetz, DS Switzer, ER Thornton, R Trac, H Tucker, C Warne, R Wilson, G Wollack, E Zhao, Y AF Duenner, Rolando Hasselfield, Matthew Marriage, Tobias A. Sievers, Jon Acquaviva, Viviana Addison, Graeme E. Ade, Peter A. R. Aguirre, Paula Amiri, Mandana Appel, John William Felipe Barrientos, L. Battistelli, Elia S. Bond, J. Richard Brown, Ben Burger, Bryce Calabrese, Erminia Chervenak, Jay Das, Sudeep Devlin, Mark J. Dicker, Simon R. Doriese, W. Bertrand Dunkley, Joanna Essinger-Hileman, Thomas Fisher, Ryan P. Gralla, Megan B. Fowler, Joseph W. Hajian, Amir Halpern, Mark Hernandez-Monteagudo, Carlos Hilton, Gene C. Hilton, Matt Hincks, Adam D. Hlozek, Renee Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hughes, David H. Hughes, John P. Infante, Leopoldo Irwin, Kent D. Baptiste Juin, Jean Kaul, Madhuri Klein, Jeff Kosowsky, Arthur Lau, Judy M. Limon, Michele Lin, Yen-Ting Louis, Thibaut Lupton, Robert H. Marsden, Danica Martocci, Krista Mauskopf, Phil Menanteau, Felipe Moodley, Kavilan Moseley, Harvey Netterfield, Calvin B. Niemack, Michael D. Nolta, Michael R. Page, Lyman A. Parker, Lucas Partridge, Bruce Quintana, Hernan Reid, Beth Sehgal, Neelima Sherwin, Blake D. Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Swetz, Daniel S. Switzer, Eric R. Thornton, Robert Trac, Hy Tucker, Carole Warne, Ryan Wilson, Grant Wollack, Ed Zhao, Yue TI THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: DATA CHARACTERIZATION AND MAPMAKING SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; instrumentation: miscellaneous ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; BACKGROUND POWER SPECTRUM; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; 148 GHZ; GALAXY CLUSTERS; MICROWAVE; ANISOTROPY; ACT; PARAMETERS; ARRAY AB We present a description of the data reduction and mapmaking pipeline used for the 2008 observing season of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). The data presented here at 148 GHz represent 12% of the 90 TB collected by ACT from 2007 to 2010. In 2008 we observed for 136 days, producing a total of 1423 hr of data (11 TB for the 148 GHz band only), with a daily average of 10.5 hr of observation. From these, 1085 hr were devoted to an 850 deg(2) stripe (11.2 hr by 9 degrees.1) centered on a declination of -52 degrees.7, while 175 hr were devoted to a 280 deg(2) stripe (4.5 hr by 4 degrees.8) centered at the celestial equator. The remaining 163 hr correspond to calibration runs. We discuss sources of statistical and systematic noise, calibration, telescope pointing, and data selection. For the 148 GHz band, out of 1260 survey hours and 1024 detectors in the array, 816 hr and 593 effective detectors remain after data selection, yielding a 38% survey efficiency. The total sensitivity in 2008, determined from the noise level between 5 Hz and 20 Hz in the time-ordered data stream (TOD), is 32 mu K root s in cosmic microwave background units. Atmospheric brightness fluctuations constitute the main contaminant in the data and dominate the detector noise covariance at low frequencies in the TOD. The maps were made by solving the least-squares problem using the Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient method, incorporating the details of the detector and noise correlations. Simulations, as well as cross-correlations with Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe sky maps on large angular scales, reveal that our maps are unbiased at multipoles l > 300. This paper accompanies the public release of the 148 GHz southern stripe maps from 2008. The techniques described here will be applied to future maps and data releases. C1 [Duenner, Rolando; Aguirre, Paula; Felipe Barrientos, L.; Infante, Leopoldo; Baptiste Juin, Jean; Lin, Yen-Ting; Quintana, Hernan] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Hasselfield, Matthew; Amiri, Mandana; Battistelli, Elia S.; Burger, Bryce; Halpern, Mark] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Marriage, Tobias A.; Acquaviva, Viviana; Das, Sudeep; Dunkley, Joanna; Hajian, Amir; Hlozek, Renee; Lin, Yen-Ting; Lupton, Robert H.; Sehgal, Neelima; Spergel, David N.; Trac, Hy] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Marriage, Tobias A.; Gralla, Megan B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sievers, Jon; Appel, John William; Das, Sudeep; Dunkley, Joanna; Essinger-Hileman, Thomas; Fisher, Ryan P.; Fowler, Joseph W.; Hajian, Amir; Hincks, Adam D.; Lau, Judy M.; Limon, Michele; Martocci, Krista; Niemack, Michael D.; Page, Lyman A.; Parker, Lucas; Reid, Beth; Sherwin, Blake D.; Staggs, Suzanne T.; Switzer, Eric R.; Zhao, Yue] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sievers, Jon; Bond, J. Richard; Hincks, Adam D.; Nolta, Michael R.; Switzer, Eric R.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Acquaviva, Viviana; Hughes, John P.; Menanteau, Felipe] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Addison, Graeme E.; Calabrese, Erminia; Dunkley, Joanna; Hlozek, Renee; Louis, Thibaut] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Ade, Peter A. R.; Mauskopf, Phil; Tucker, Carole] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Battistelli, Elia S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Brown, Ben; Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Chervenak, Jay; Moseley, Harvey; Wollack, Ed] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Das, Sudeep; Reid, Beth] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, Sudeep; Reid, Beth] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Devlin, Mark J.; Dicker, Simon R.; Kaul, Madhuri; Klein, Jeff; Limon, Michele; Swetz, Daniel S.; Thornton, Robert] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Doriese, W. Bertrand; Fowler, Joseph W.; Hilton, Gene C.; Irwin, Kent D.; Niemack, Michael D.; Swetz, Daniel S.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hajian, Amir; Netterfield, Calvin B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Hernandez-Monteagudo, Carlos] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Hilton, Matt; Moodley, Kavilan; Warne, Ryan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Hilton, Matt] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Ctr Astron & Particle Theory, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Huffenberger, Kevin M.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Hughes, David H.] INAOE, Puebla, Mexico. [Limon, Michele] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Lin, Yen-Ting] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Lin, Yen-Ting] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Marsden, Danica] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Martocci, Krista] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Moodley, Kavilan] Ctr High Performance Comp, Cape Town, South Africa. [Partridge, Bruce] Haverford Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Thornton, Robert] W Chester Univ Penn, Dept Phys, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. [Trac, Hy] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wilson, Grant] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Dunner, R (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile. RI Klein, Jeffrey/E-3295-2013; Spergel, David/A-4410-2011; Hilton, Matthew James/N-5860-2013; Trac, Hy/N-8838-2014; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074; Trac, Hy/0000-0001-6778-3861; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Limon, Michele/0000-0002-5900-2698; Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099; Menanteau, Felipe/0000-0002-1372-2534 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0408698, AST-0965625, PHY-0855887, PHY-1214379]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT); CFI under Compute Canada; Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence; University of Toronto; CONICYT scholarship; MECESUP; Fundacion Andes; Centro de Astrofisica y Tecnologias Afines CATA del Proyecto Financiamiento Basal [PFB06]; Centro de Astrofisica FONDAP [15010003]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC3-76SF00515]; NSF [1102762]; NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0114422]; Rhodes Trust; Christ Church; [FONDECYT-11100147]; [NSF-AST-0807790] FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards AST-0408698 and AST-0965625 for the ACT project, and PHY-0855887 and PHY-1214379. Funding was also provided by Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and a Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award to UBC. ACT operates in the Parque Astronomico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT). Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the CFI under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, the Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. We specially thank Astro-Norte, Masao Uehara, Felipe Rojas, Patricio Gallardo, Omelan Strysak, Bill Page, Katerina Visnjic, Ben Schmidt, David Faber, and Benjamin Walter. R.D. received additional support from a CONICYT scholarship, from MECESUP, from Fundacion Andes, from FONDECYT-11100147, from Centro de Astrofisica y Tecnologias Afines CATA del Proyecto Financiamiento Basal PFB06, and from Centro de Astrofisica FONDAP 15010003. N.S. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy contract to SLAC no. DE-AC3-76SF00515 and by the NSF under Award No. 1102762. E.R.S. acknowledges support by NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics. A.K. has been supported by NSF-AST-0807790 for work on ACT. R.H. acknowledges funding from the Rhodes Trust and Christ Church. We are grateful for the assistance we received at various times from the ALMA, APEX, ASTE, CBI/QUIET, and NANTEN2 groups. NR 59 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 10 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/10 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900010 ER PT J AU Espaillat, C Ingleby, L Furlan, E McClure, M Spatzier, A Nieusma, J Calvet, N Bergin, E Hartmann, L Miller, JM Muzerolle, J AF Espaillat, C. Ingleby, L. Furlan, E. McClure, M. Spatzier, A. Nieusma, J. Calvet, N. Bergin, E. Hartmann, L. Miller, J. M. Muzerolle, J. TI TRACING HIGH-ENERGY RADIATION FROM T TAURI STARS USING MID-INFRARED NEON EMISSION FROM DISKS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; circumstellar matter; protoplanetary disks ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; PHOTOEVAPORATING PROTOPLANETARY DISCS; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH SURVEY; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; MU-M EMISSION; X-RAY; CHAMELEON-I; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET AB High-energy radiation from T Tauri stars (TTS) influences the amount and longevity of gas in disks, thereby playing a crucial role in the creation of gas giant planets. Here we probe the high-energy ionizing radiation from TTS using high-resolution mid-infrared (MIR) Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph neon forbidden line detections in a sample of disks from IC 348, NGC 2068, and Chamaeleon. We report three new detections of [NeIII] from CS Cha, SZ Cha, and T 54, doubling the known number of [NeIII] detections from TTS. Using [Ne III]-to-[Ne II] ratios in conjunction with X-ray emission measurements, we probe high-energy radiation from TTS. The majority of previously inferred [NeIII]/[Ne II] ratios based on [NeIII] line upper limits are significantly less than 1, pointing to the dominance of either X-ray radiation or soft extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) radiation in producing these lines. Here we report the first observational evidence for hard EUV-dominated Ne forbidden line production in a T Tauri disk: [Ne III]/[NeII] similar to 1 in SZ Cha. Our results provide a unique insight into the EUV emission from TTS, by suggesting that EUV radiation may dominate the creation of Ne forbidden lines, albeit in a minority of cases. C1 [Espaillat, C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ingleby, L.; McClure, M.; Nieusma, J.; Calvet, N.; Bergin, E.; Hartmann, L.; Miller, J. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Furlan, E.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Spatzier, A.] Oberlin Coll, Wright Lab Phys, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Muzerolle, J.] Space Telescope Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Espaillat, C (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-78, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM cespaillat@cfa.harvard.edu; lingleby@umich.edu; furlan@ipac.caltech.edu; melisma@umich.edu; aspatzie@oberlin.edu; jdnieusma@gmail.com; ncalvet@umich.edu; ebergin@umich.edu; lhartm@umich.edu; jonmm@umich.edu; muzerol@stsci.edu OI McClure, Melissa/0000-0003-1878-327X; Furlan, Elise/0000-0001-9800-6248 FU NSF [0901947]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX08AH94G, JPL 1309768, GOX-9029X] FX We thank U. Gorti, D. Hollenbach, and I. Pascucci for comments on the manuscript and J. Raymond for discussions. We thank the referee for useful comments. C. E. was supported by the NSF under award No. 0901947 and a Sagan Exoplanet Fellowship from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and administered by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (NExScI). N.C. acknowledges support from NASA Origins Grant NNX08AH94G. Support was also provided by NASA through award JPL 1309768 and Chandra award GOX-9029X. NR 82 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 62 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/62 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900062 ER PT J AU Grady, CA Muto, T Hashimoto, J Fukagawa, M Currie, T Biller, B Thalmann, C Sitko, ML Russell, R Wisniewski, J Dong, R Kwon, J Sai, S Hornbeck, J Schneider, G Hines, D Martin, AM Feldt, M Henning, T Pott, JU Bonnefoy, M Bouwman, J Lacour, S Mueller, A Juhasz, A Crida, A Chauvin, G Andrews, S Wilner, D Kraus, A Dahm, S Robitaille, T Jang-Condell, H Abe, L Akiyama, E Brandner, W Brandt, T Carson, J Egner, S Follette, KB Goto, M Guyon, O Hayano, Y Hayashi, M Hayashi, S Hodapp, K Ishii, M Iye, M Janson, M Kandori, R Knapp, G Kudo, T Kusakabe, N Kuzuhara, M Mayama, S McElwain, M Matsuo, T Miyama, S Morino, JI Nishimura, T Pyo, TS Serabyn, G Suto, H Suzuki, R Takami, M Takato, N Terada, H Tomono, D Turner, E Watanabe, M Yamada, T Takami, H Usuda, T Tamura, M AF Grady, C. A. Muto, T. Hashimoto, J. Fukagawa, M. Currie, T. Biller, B. Thalmann, C. Sitko, M. L. Russell, R. Wisniewski, J. Dong, R. Kwon, J. Sai, S. Hornbeck, J. Schneider, G. Hines, D. Moro Martin, A. Feldt, M. Henning, Th. Pott, J. -U. Bonnefoy, M. Bouwman, J. Lacour, S. Mueller, A. Juhasz, A. Crida, A. Chauvin, G. Andrews, S. Wilner, D. Kraus, A. Dahm, S. Robitaille, T. Jang-Condell, H. Abe, L. Akiyama, E. Brandner, W. Brandt, T. Carson, J. Egner, S. Follette, K. B. Goto, M. Guyon, O. Hayano, Y. Hayashi, M. Hayashi, S. Hodapp, K. Ishii, M. Iye, M. Janson, M. Kandori, R. Knapp, G. Kudo, T. Kusakabe, N. Kuzuhara, M. Mayama, S. McElwain, M. Matsuo, T. Miyama, S. Morino, J. -I. Nishimura, T. Pyo, T. -S. Serabyn, G. Suto, H. Suzuki, R. Takami, M. Takato, N. Terada, H. Tomono, D. Turner, E. Watanabe, M. Yamada, T. Takami, H. Usuda, T. Tamura, M. TI SPIRAL ARMS IN THE ASYMMETRICALLY ILLUMINATED DISK OF MWC 758 AND CONSTRAINTS ON GIANT PLANETS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; instrumentation: high angular resolution; polarization; protoplanetary disks; stars: individual (MWC 758); waves ID HERBIG-AE/BE STARS; 2-DIMENSIONAL RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; PROTOSTELLAR ENVELOPES; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; TRANSITIONAL DISKS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DUST FILTRATION; INNER DISK; GAP EDGES AB We present the first near-IR scattered light detection of the transitional disk associated with the Herbig Ae star MWC 758 using data obtained as part of the Strategic Exploration of Exoplanets and Disks with Subaru, and 1.1 mu m Hubble Space Telescope/NICMOS data. While submillimeter studies suggested there is a dust-depleted cavity with r = 0 ''.35, we find scattered light as close as 0 ''.1 (20-28 AU) from the star, with no visible cavity at H, K', or K-s. We find two small-scaled spiral structures that asymmetrically shadow the outer disk. We model one of the spirals using spiral density wave theory, and derive a disk aspect ratio of h similar to 0.18, indicating a dynamically warm disk. If the spiral pattern is excited by a perturber, we estimate its mass to be 5(-4)(+3) -4 M-J, in the range where planet filtration models predict accretion continuing onto the star. Using a combination of non-redundant aperture masking data at L' and angular differential imaging with Locally Optimized Combination of Images at K' and K-s, we exclude stellar or massive brown dwarf companions within 300 mas of the Herbig Ae star, and all but planetary mass companions exterior to 0 ''.5. We reach 5 sigma contrasts limiting companions to planetary masses, 3-4 MJ at 1 ''.0 C1 [Grady, C. A.] Eureka Sci, Oakland, CA 96002 USA. [Grady, C. A.; Currie, T.; McElwain, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ExoPlanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Grady, C. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Ctr Astrobiol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Muto, T.] Kogakuin Univ, Div Liberal Arts, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1638677, Japan. [Hashimoto, J.; Kwon, J.; Akiyama, E.; Hayashi, M.; Iye, M.; Kandori, R.; Kusakabe, N.; Kuzuhara, M.; Matsuo, T.; Morino, J. -I.; Suto, H.; Suzuki, R.; Takami, H.; Tamura, M.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Fukagawa, M.; Sai, S.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Currie, T.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Feldt, M.; Henning, Th.; Pott, J. -U.; Bonnefoy, M.; Bouwman, J.; Mueller, A.; Brandner, W.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Biller, B.; Thalmann, C.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Sitko, M. L.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Sitko, M. L.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Russell, R.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Wisniewski, J.; Turner, E.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Dong, R.; Brandt, T.; Janson, M.; Knapp, G.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kwon, J.; Tamura, M.] Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Dept Astron Sci, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Hornbeck, J.] Univ Louisville, Dept Phys & Astron, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Schneider, G.; Follette, K. B.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hines, D.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Moro Martin, A.] CSIC, CAB INTA, Dept Astrofis, Inst Nacl Tcn Aeroespacial, E-28850 Madrid, Spain. [Lacour, S.] Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LESIA Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Juhasz, A.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Crida, A.] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Observ Cote Azur, Lab Lagrange, CNRS,UMR7293, F-06304 Nice 4, France. [Chauvin, G.] Observ Grenoble, Astrophys Lab, F-38041 Grenoble 09, France. [Andrews, S.; Wilner, D.; Robitaille, T.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kraus, A.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Dahm, S.] WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Jang-Condell, H.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Abe, L.] Univ Le Nice Sophia Antipolis, Observ Cte Azur, Lab Lagrange, CNRS,UMR7293, F-06300 Nice, France. [Carson, J.] Coll Charleston, Dept Phys & Astron, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Egner, S.; Hayano, Y.; Hayashi, S.; Ishii, M.; Kudo, T.; Nishimura, T.; Pyo, T. -S.; Terada, H.; Usuda, T.] Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Goto, M.; Takato, N.; Tomono, D.] Univ Sternwarte, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Guyon, O.; Hodapp, K.; Turner, E.] Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2278568, Japan. [Kuzuhara, M.] Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Mayama, S.] Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Hayama, Kanagawa 2400193, Japan. [Miyama, S.] Hiroshima Univ, Off President, Higashihiroshima 7398511, Japan. [Serabyn, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Takami, M.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Watanabe, M.] Hokkaido Univ, Dept Cosmosci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Yamada, T.] Tohoku Univ, Astron Inst, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RP Grady, CA (reprint author), Eureka Sci, 2452 Delmer,Suite 100, Oakland, CA 96002 USA. EM carol.a.grady@nasa.gov RI MIYAMA, Shoken/A-3598-2015; Watanabe, Makoto/E-3667-2016; OI Watanabe, Makoto/0000-0002-3656-4081; Robitaille, Thomas/0000-0002-8642-1329 FU NASA [NAS 5-26555, NNH06CC28C, NNX09AC73G]; KAKENHI [22000005, 23103002, 23103004, 24840037]; WPI Initiative, MEXT, Japan [NSF AST 1008440, 1009203, 1009314] FX This work, in part, is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The NICMOS observations are associated with program HST-GO-10177, while the STIS imagery is from HST-GTO-8474. The authors thank the support staff members of the IRTF telescope for assistance in obtaining the SED data, and the IR&D program at The Aerospace Corporation. This work is partially supported by KAKENHI 22000005 (M.T.), 23103002 (M.H. and M.H.), 23103004 (M.F.), and 24840037 (T. M.), WPI Initiative, MEXT, Japan (E.L.T.), NSF AST 1008440 (C.A.G.) and 1009203 (J.C.), and 1009314 (J.P.W.), and NASA NNH06CC28C (M.L.S.) and NNX09AC73G (C.A.G. and M.L.S.). T.C. was supported by a NASA Postdoctoral Fellowship for most of this work. We thank the anonymous referee for extremely helpful suggestions which have improved the paper. NR 69 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 48 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/48 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900048 ER PT J AU McCollough, ML Smith, RK Valencic, LA AF McCollough, M. L. Smith, R. K. Valencic, L. A. TI CYGNUS X-3's LITTLE FRIEND SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE X-rays: binaries; X-rays: individuals (Cygnus X-3); X-rays: ISM ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; INTERSTELLAR GRAINS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; RELATIVISTIC JET; EMISSION; CHANDRA; DUST; SPECTROSCOPY; EVOLUTION AB Using the unique X-ray imaging capabilities of the Chandra X-ray observatory, a 2006 observation of Cygnus X-3 has provided insight into a singular feature associated with this well-known microquasar. This extended emission, located similar to 16 '' from Cygnus X-3, varies in flux and orbital phase (shifted by 0.56 in phase) with Cygnus X-3, acting like a celestial X-ray "mirror." The feature's spectrum, flux, and time variations allow us to determine the location, size, density, and mass of the scatterer. We find that the scatterer is a Bok Globule located along our line of sight, and we discuss its relationship to Cygnus X-3. This is the first time such a feature has been identified with Chandra. C1 [McCollough, M. L.; Smith, R. K.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Valencic, L. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP McCollough, ML (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mmccollough@head.cfa.harvard.edu FU NASA [G06-7031X, NAS8-03060] FX M.L.M. acknowledges support from NASA under grant/contract G06-7031X and NAS8-03060. M.L.M. also acknowledges useful discussions with Ramesh Narayan concerning the scattering path through and interactions with interstellar clouds. We thank the referee for helpful comments and suggestions. This research has made use of data obtained from the Chandra Data Archive and software provided by the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC). NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 2 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/2 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900002 ER PT J AU Sandquist, EL Mathieu, RD Brogaard, K Meibom, S Geller, AM Orosz, JA Milliman, KE Jeffries, MW Brewer, LN Platais, I Grundahl, F Bruntt, H Frandsen, S Stello, D AF Sandquist, Eric L. Mathieu, Robert D. Brogaard, Karsten Meibom, Soren Geller, Aaron M. Orosz, Jerome A. Milliman, Katelyn E. Jeffries, Mark W., Jr. Brewer, Lauren N. Platais, Imants Grundahl, Frank Bruntt, Hans Frandsen, Soren Stello, Dennis TI A LONG-PERIOD TOTALLY ECLIPSING BINARY STAR AT THE TURNOFF OF THE OPEN CLUSTER NGC 6819 DISCOVERED WITH KEPLER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: eclipsing; binaries: spectroscopic; open clusters and associations: individual (NGC 6819); stars: distances; stars: evolution; stars: low-mass ID SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS; WIYN OPEN CLUSTER; LOW-MASS STARS; STELLAR EVOLUTION DATABASE; VARIABLE-STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE; RED GIANTS; ERROR-CORRECTION; ACCURATE MASSES; RADIUS RELATION AB We present the discovery of the totally eclipsing long-period (P = 771.8 days) binary system WOCS 23009 in the old open cluster NGC 6819 that contains both an evolved star near central hydrogen exhaustion and a low-mass (0.45M(circle dot)) star. This system was previously known to be a single-lined spectroscopic binary, but the discovery of an eclipse near apastron using data from the Kepler space telescope makes it clear that the system has an inclination that is very close to 90 degrees Although the secondary star has not been identified in spectra, the mass of the primary star can be constrained using other eclipsing binaries in the cluster. The combination of the total eclipses and a mass constraint for the primary star allows us to determine a reliable mass for the secondary star and radii for both stars, and to constrain the cluster age. Unlike well-measured stars of similar mass in field binaries, the low-mass secondary is not significantly inflated in radius compared to model predictions. The primary star characteristics, in combination with cluster photometry and masses from other cluster binaries, indicate a best age of 2.62 +/- 0.25 Gyr, although stellar model physics may introduce systematic uncertainties at the similar to 10% level. We find preliminary evidence that the asteroseismic predictions for red giant masses in this cluster are systematically too high by as much as 8%. C1 [Sandquist, Eric L.; Orosz, Jerome A.; Jeffries, Mark W., Jr.; Brewer, Lauren N.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Mathieu, Robert D.; Geller, Aaron M.; Milliman, Katelyn E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Brogaard, Karsten] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Brogaard, Karsten; Grundahl, Frank; Bruntt, Hans; Frandsen, Soren] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Meibom, Soren] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Geller, Aaron M.] CIERA, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Geller, Aaron M.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Platais, Imants] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Stello, Dennis] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney Inst Astron SIfA, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Sandquist, EL (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM erics@mintaka.sdsu.edu; mathieu@astro.wisc.edu; kfb@phys.au.dk; smeibom@cfa.harvard.edu; a-geller@northwestern.edu; orosz@sciences.sdsu.edu; milliman@astro.wisc.edu; jeffries@sciences.sdsu.edu; imants@pha.jhu.edu; fgj@phys.au.dk; bruntt@gmail.com; srf@phys.au.dk; stello@physics.usyd.edu.au OI Brogaard, Karsten/0000-0003-2001-0276 FU National Science Foundation [AST 09-08536, AST-0908082]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX11AC76G, NAS5-26555]; Carlsberg Foundation; NASA Office of Space Science [NNX09AF08G] FX We are very grateful to the Kepler team for the opportunity to work with such a precise and extensive data set for detecting variable stars. We also thank G. Feiden for helpful conversations. Our work has been funded through grant AST 09-08536 from the National Science Foundation and grant NNX11AC76G from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to E.L.S.K.B. acknowledges support from the Carlsberg Foundation. The WIYN Open Cluster Study has most recently been supported by National Science Foundation grant AST-0908082. This paper includes data collected by the Kepler mission. Funding for the Kepler mission is provided by the NASA Science Mission directorate. This research made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France; the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; the WEBDA database, operated at the Institute for Astronomy of the University of Vienna; and the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Support for MAST is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science via grant NNX09AF08G and by other grants and contracts. NR 72 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 58 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/58 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900058 ER PT J AU Slater, CT Bell, EF Schlafly, EF Juric, M Martin, NF Rix, HW Bernard, EJ Burgett, WS Chambers, KC Finkbeiner, DP Goldman, B Kaiser, N Magnier, EA Morganson, EP Price, PA Tonry, JL AF Slater, C. T. Bell, E. F. Schlafly, E. F. Juric, M. Martin, N. F. Rix, H. -W. Bernard, E. J. Burgett, W. S. Chambers, K. C. Finkbeiner, D. P. Goldman, B. Kaiser, N. Magnier, E. A. Morganson, E. P. Price, P. A. Tonry, J. L. TI A Pan-STARRS1 VIEW OF THE BIFURCATED SAGITTARIUS STREAM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: halo; Galaxy: structure; Local Group ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY; GIANT BRANCH TIP; RED CLUMP STARS; RR-LYRAE STARS; MILKY-WAY; GALACTIC HALO; TIDAL STREAM; PHOTOMETRIC CALIBRATION; STELLAR STREAM AB We use data from the Pan-STARRS1 survey to present a panoramic view of the Sagittarius tidal stream in the southern Galactic hemisphere. As a result of the extensive sky coverage of Pan-STARRS1, the southern stream is visible along more than 60 degrees of its orbit, nearly double the length seen by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The recently discovered southern bifurcation of the stream is also apparent, with the fainter branch of the stream visible over at least 30 degrees. Using a combination of fitting both the main-sequence turnoff and the red clump, we measure the distance to both arms of the stream in the south. We find that the distances to the bright arm of the stream agree very well with the N-body models of Law & Majewski. We also find that the faint arm lies similar to 5 kpc closer to the Sun than the bright arm, similar to the behavior seen in the northern hemisphere. C1 [Slater, C. T.; Bell, E. F.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Schlafly, E. F.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Juric, M.; Finkbeiner, D. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Juric, M.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85121 USA. [Juric, M.] LSST Corp, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Martin, N. F.] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7550, Observ Astron Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. [Martin, N. F.; Rix, H. -W.; Goldman, B.; Morganson, E. P.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Bernard, E. J.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, SUPA, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Burgett, W. S.; Chambers, K. C.; Kaiser, N.; Magnier, E. A.; Tonry, J. L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Price, P. A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Slater, CT (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ctslater@umich.edu OI Bernard, Edouard/0000-0002-8722-225X; Schlafly, Edward Ford/0000-0002-3569-7421; Chambers, Kenneth /0000-0001-6965-7789; Bell, Eric/0000-0002-5564-9873 FU NSF grant [AST 1008342]; Sonderforschungsbereich "The Milky Way System" of the German Research Foundation (DFG) [SFB 881, A3]; Institute for Astronomy; University of Hawaii; Pan-STARRS Project Office; Max-Planck Society; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching; The Johns Hopkins University; Durham University; University of Edinburgh; Queens University Belfast; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Incorporated; National Central University of Taiwan; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate [NNX08AR22G] FX We thank the anonymous referee for their careful reading and helpful comments. This work was partially supported by NSF grant AST 1008342. N.F.M. and E.P.M. were both partially funded by Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 881 "The Milky Way System" (subproject A3) of the German Research Foundation (DFG).; The Pan-STARRS1 Survey has been made possible through contributions of the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, The Johns Hopkins University, Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, Queens University Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Incorporated, the National Central University of Taiwan, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate. NR 46 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 6 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/6 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900006 ER PT J AU Wardlow, JL Cooray, A De Bernardis, F Amblard, A Arumugam, V Aussel, H Baker, AJ Bethermin, M Blundell, R Bock, J Boselli, A Bridge, C Buat, V Burgarella, D Bussmann, RS Cabrera-Lavers, A Calanog, J Carpenter, JM Casey, CM Castro-Rodriguez, N Cava, A Chanial, P Chapin, E Chapman, SC Clements, DL Conley, A Cox, P Dowell, CD Dye, S Eales, S Farrah, D Ferrero, P Franceschini, A Frayer, DT Frazer, C Fu, H Gavazzi, R Glenn, J Solares, EAG Griffin, M Gurwell, MA Harris, AI Hatziminaoglou, E Hopwood, R Hyde, A Ibar, E Ivison, RJ Kim, S Lagache, G Levenson, L Marchetti, L Marsden, G Martinez-Navajas, P Negrello, M Neri, R Nguyen, HT O'Halloran, B Oliver, SJ Omont, A Page, MJ Panuzzo, P Papageorgiou, A Pearson, CP Perez-Fournon, I Pohlen, M Riechers, D Rigopoulou, D Roseboom, IG Rowan-Robinson, M Schulz, B Scott, D Scoville, N Seymour, N Shupe, DL Smith, AJ Streblyanska, A Strom, A Symeonidis, M Trichas, M Vaccari, M Vieira, JD Viero, M Wang, L Xu, CK Yan, L Zemcov, M AF Wardlow, Julie L. Cooray, Asantha De Bernardis, Francesco Amblard, A. Arumugam, V. Aussel, H. Baker, A. J. Bethermin, M. Blundell, R. Bock, J. Boselli, A. Bridge, C. Buat, V. Burgarella, D. Bussmann, R. S. Cabrera-Lavers, A. Calanog, J. Carpenter, J. M. Casey, C. M. Castro-Rodriguez, N. Cava, A. Chanial, P. Chapin, E. Chapman, S. C. Clements, D. L. Conley, A. Cox, P. Dowell, C. D. Dye, S. Eales, S. Farrah, D. Ferrero, P. Franceschini, A. Frayer, D. T. Frazer, C. Fu, Hai Gavazzi, R. Glenn, J. Solares, E. A. Gonzalez Griffin, M. Gurwell, M. A. Harris, A. I. Hatziminaoglou, E. Hopwood, R. Hyde, A. Ibar, E. Ivison, R. J. Kim, S. Lagache, G. Levenson, L. Marchetti, L. Marsden, G. Martinez-Navajas, P. Negrello, M. Neri, R. Nguyen, H. T. O'Halloran, B. Oliver, S. J. Omont, A. Page, M. J. Panuzzo, P. Papageorgiou, A. Pearson, C. P. Perez-Fournon, I. Pohlen, M. Riechers, D. Rigopoulou, D. Roseboom, I. G. Rowan-Robinson, M. Schulz, B. Scott, D. Scoville, N. Seymour, N. Shupe, D. L. Smith, A. J. Streblyanska, A. Strom, A. Symeonidis, M. Trichas, M. Vaccari, M. Vieira, J. D. Viero, M. Wang, L. Xu, C. K. Yan, L. Zemcov, M. TI HerMES: CANDIDATE GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED GALAXIES AND LENSING STATISTICS AT SUBMILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing: strong; submillimeter: galaxies ID SPECTROSCOPICALLY SELECTED SAMPLE; HERSCHEL-SPIRE INSTRUMENT; MASS-DENSITY PROFILE; SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; WIDE-FIELD SURVEY; ALL-SKY SURVEY; NUMBER COUNTS; ACS SURVEY; DARK-MATTER; EXTRAGALACTIC SURVEY AB We present a list of 13 candidate gravitationally lensed submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) from 95 deg(2) of the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey, a surface density of 0.14 +/- 0.04 deg(-2). The selected sources have 500 mu m flux densities (S-500) greater than 100 mJy. Gravitational lensing is confirmed by follow-up observations in 9 of the 13 systems (70%), and the lensing status of the four remaining sources is undetermined. We also present a supplementary sample of 29 (0.31 +/- 0.06 deg(-2)) gravitationally lensed SMG candidates with S-500 = 80-100 mJy, which are expected to contain a higher fraction of interlopers than the primary candidates. The number counts of the candidate lensed galaxies are consistent with a simple statistical model of the lensing rate, which uses a foreground matter distribution, the intrinsic SMG number counts, and an assumed SMG redshift distribution. The model predicts that 32%-74% of our S-500 >= 100 mJy candidates are strongly gravitationally lensed (mu >= 2), with the brightest sources being the most robust; this is consistent with the observational data. Our statistical model also predicts that, on average, lensed galaxies with S-500 = 100 mJy are magnified by factors of similar to 9, with apparently brighter galaxies having progressively higher average magnification, due to the shape of the intrinsic number counts. 65% of the sources are expected to have intrinsic 500 mu m flux densities less than 30 mJy. Thus, samples of strongly gravitationally lensed SMGs, such as those presented here, probe below the nominal Herschel detection limit at 500 mu m. They are good targets for the detailed study of the physical conditions in distant dusty, star-forming galaxies, due to the lensing magnification, which can lead to spatial resolutions of similar to 0 ''.01 in the source plane. C1 [Wardlow, Julie L.; Cooray, Asantha; De Bernardis, Francesco; Calanog, J.; Frazer, C.; Fu, Hai; Kim, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Amblard, A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Arumugam, V.; Ivison, R. J.; Roseboom, I. G.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Aussel, H.; Bethermin, M.; Chanial, P.; Panuzzo, P.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA DSM Irfu, CE Saclay,Lab AIM Paris Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Baker, A. J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Bethermin, M.; Lagache, G.] Univ Paris 11, IAS, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Bethermin, M.; Lagache, G.] CNRS, UMR 8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Blundell, R.; Bussmann, R. S.; Gurwell, M. A.; Trichas, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bock, J.; Dowell, C. D.; Levenson, L.; Nguyen, H. T.; Zemcov, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Boselli, A.; Buat, V.; Burgarella, D.] Univ Aix Marseille, LAM, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Boselli, A.; Buat, V.; Burgarella, D.] CNRS, UMR7326, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Cabrera-Lavers, A.; Castro-Rodriguez, N.; Ferrero, P.; Martinez-Navajas, P.; Perez-Fournon, I.; Streblyanska, A.] IAC, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain. [Cabrera-Lavers, A.; Castro-Rodriguez, N.; Ferrero, P.; Martinez-Navajas, P.; Perez-Fournon, I.; Streblyanska, A.] ULL, Dept Astrofis, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain. [Cabrera-Lavers, A.] GTC Project, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain. [Casey, C. M.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Cava, A.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac CC Fis, Dept Astrofis, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Chapin, E.] European Space Astron Ctr, Herschel Sci Ctr, E-28691 Madrid, Spain. [Chapman, S. C.; Solares, E. A. Gonzalez; Strom, A.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Clements, D. L.; Glenn, J.; Hopwood, R.; Hyde, A.; O'Halloran, B.; Rowan-Robinson, M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Conley, A.; Glenn, J.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron UCB 389, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cox, P.; Neri, R.] Inst RadioAstron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. [Dye, S.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Eales, S.; Griffin, M.; Papageorgiou, A.; Pohlen, M.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Farrah, D.; Oliver, S. J.; Roseboom, I. G.; Smith, A. J.; Wang, L.] Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Dept Phys & Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Farrah, D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Franceschini, A.; Marchetti, L.; Negrello, M.; Vaccari, M.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Frayer, D. T.] NRAO, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. [Gavazzi, R.; Omont, A.] UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Glenn, J.] Univ Colorado, CASA UCB 389, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Harris, A. I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hatziminaoglou, E.] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ibar, E.; Ivison, R. J.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Marsden, G.; Scott, D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Page, M. J.; Seymour, N.; Symeonidis, M.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Pearson, C. P.; Rigopoulou, D.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, RAL Space, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Pearson, C. P.] Open Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Rigopoulou, D.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Schulz, B.; Shupe, D. L.; Xu, C. K.] CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Seymour, N.] CSIRO, Astron & Space Sci, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Vaccari, M.] Univ Western Cape, Astrophys Grp, Dept Phys, ZA-7535 Cape Town, South Africa. RP Wardlow, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI amblard, alexandre/L-7694-2014; Wardlow, Julie/C-9903-2015; Ivison, R./G-4450-2011; Vaccari, Mattia/R-3431-2016; Cava, Antonio/C-5274-2017; OI amblard, alexandre/0000-0002-2212-5395; Dye, Simon/0000-0002-1318-8343; Wardlow, Julie/0000-0003-2376-8971; Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313; Vaccari, Mattia/0000-0002-6748-0577; Cava, Antonio/0000-0002-4821-1275; Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840; Marchetti, Lucia/0000-0003-3948-7621; Seymour, Nicholas/0000-0003-3506-5536; Casey, Caitlin/0000-0002-0930-6466; Bethermin, Matthieu/0000-0002-3915-2015 FU Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica; CARMA; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Kenneth T. and Eileen L. Norris Foundation; James S. McDonnell Foundation; Associates of the California Institute of Technology; University of Chicago; states of California, Illinois, and Maryland; National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC, UKSA (UK); NASA (USA); NSF [AST-0645427]; Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/F002858/1, ST/I000976/1]; Italian Space Agency [I/005/07/0]; NASA through a Spitzer Space Telescope grant; NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute [GO-12194, GO-12488]; NASA [NAS5-26555] FX SPIRE has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by Cardiff University (UK) and including University of Lethbridge (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, LAM (France); IFSI, University of Padua (Italy); IAC (Spain); Stockholm Observatory (Sweden); Imperial College London, RAL, UCL-MSSL, UKATC, University of Sussex (UK); and Caltech, JPL, NHSC, University of Colorado (USA). This development has been supported by national funding agencies CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC, UKSA (UK); and NASA (USA).; J.L.W., A.C., F.d.B., C.F., S.K., H.F., and J.C. acknowledge partial support from NSF CAREER AST-0645427 (to A.C. at UCI). S.J.O., L.W., and A.S. acknowledge support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (grant No. ST/F002858/1 and grant No. ST/I000976/1) at U. of Sussex. A. F., G.M., L.M., and M.V. were supported by the Italian Space Agency (ASI "Herschel Science" Contract I/005/07/0). D.R. acknowledges support from NASA through a Spitzer Space Telescope grant.; Support for program numbers GO-12194 and GO-12488 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555.; The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smith-sonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica.; Support for CARMA construction was derived from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; the Kenneth T. and Eileen L. Norris Foundation; the James S. McDonnell Foundation; the Associates of the California Institute of Technology; the University of Chicago; the states of California, Illinois, and Maryland; and the National Science Foundation. Ongoing CARMA development and operations are supported by the National Science Foundation under a cooperative agreement and by the CARMA partner universities.; This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 155 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 59 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/59 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900059 ER PT J AU Powers, JS Perez-Aviles, D AF Powers, Jennifer S. Perez-Aviles, Daniel TI Edaphic Factors are a More Important Control on Surface Fine Roots than Stand Age in Secondary Tropical Dry Forests SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE belowground biomass; Costa Rica; secondary succession; soil nutrients ID COSTA-RICA; SOIL CARBON; LAND-USE; ABANDONED PASTURES; EASTERN AMAZONIA; GLOBAL PATTERNS; MOIST FOREST; WET FOREST; BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEMS AB Although there are generalized conceptual models that predict how above and belowground biomass increase during secondary succession after abandonment from agriculture, there are few data to test these models for fine roots (defined as <= 2 mm diameter) in tropical forests. We measured live and dead fine roots (0-10 cm depth) in 18 plots of regenerating tropical dry forest in Costa Rica that varied in age from 5 to 60 yrs, as well as in soil properties. We predicted that both stand age and soil fertility would affect fine roots, with greater values in older forests on low fertility soils. Across two sampling dates and locations, live fine roots varied from 0.35 to 3.53 Mg/ha and dead roots varied from 0.15 to 0.93 Mg/ha. Surprisingly, there was little evidence that surface fine roots varied between sampling dates or in relation to stand age. By contrast, total, live, and dead fine roots averaged across sampling dates within plots were negatively correlated with a multivariate index of soil fertility (Pearson correlations coefficients were -0.64, -0.58, and -0.68, respectively; P<0.01) and other individual edaphic variables including pH, silt, calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, and phosphorus. These results suggest that soil fertility is a more important determinant of fine roots than forest age in tropical dry forests in Costa Rica, and that one-way these plant communities respond to low soil fertility is by increasing fine roots. Thus, simple conceptual models of forest responses to abandonment from agriculture may not be appropriate for surface fine roots. C1 [Powers, Jennifer S.; Perez-Aviles, Daniel] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Powers, Jennifer S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Powers, Jennifer S.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 2072, Panama. RP Powers, JS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, 100 Ecol Bldg, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM powers@umn.edu FU University of Minnesota; NASA [NS000107]; National Science Foundation [DEB-1053237] FX This study was supported by a McKnight Land Grant Professorship from the University of Minnesota, a NASA New Investigator Award (NS000107), and National Science Foundation CAREER Award (DEB-1053237) to JSP. We thank Anne Russell, three anonymous reviewers, and Peter Tiffin for comments on previous drafts of the manuscript, and Maria Gei for translating the Abstract into Spanish. We also thank Maria Marta Chavarria of the Area de Conservacion Guanacaste for providing the climate data and Roger Blanco for logistical support. NR 65 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD JAN PY 2013 VL 45 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00881.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063JP UT WOS:000312993900001 ER PT J AU Emsens, WJ Suselbeek, L Hirsch, BT Kays, R Winkelhagen, AJS Jansen, PA AF Emsens, Willem-Jan Suselbeek, Lennart Hirsch, Ben T. Kays, Roland Winkelhagen, Annemarie J. S. Jansen, Patrick A. TI Effects of Food Availability on Space and Refuge Use by a Neotropical Scatterhoarding Rodent SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Astrocaryum standleyanum; Central American agouti; Dasyprocta punctata; food limitation; home range; Panama; predation risk; radio telemetry ID CENTRAL-AMERICAN AGOUTI; GUSTAVIA-SUPERBA LECYTHIDACEAE; PALM ASTROCARYUM-STANDLEYANUM; BARRO-COLORADO ISLAND; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; HOME-RANGE USE; PREDATION RISK; DASYPROCTA-LEPORINA; SIZE; POPULATION AB Animals that rely on refuges for safety can theoretically increase their foraging area without simultaneously increasing predation risk and travel costs by using more refuges. The key prediction of this theory, a negative correlation between food abundance, home range size and the number of refuges used, has never been empirically tested. We determined how home range size and refuge use by the Central American agouti (Dasyprocta punctata) varied across a gradient of abundance of the agoutis' principal food source: seeds and fruits of the palm Astrocaryum standleyanum. We used both manual and automated radio telemetry to measure space use of 11 agoutis during 2 mo of the Astrocaryum fruiting season, and of another set of 10 agoutis during 6 mo in which the animals largely relied on cached Astrocaryum seeds. We found that agoutis living in areas of lower food density had larger home ranges, and that all individuals used multiple refuges. The number of refuges, however, was not correlated with home range size. Consequently, agoutis that had larger home ranges roamed farther from their refuges. These results suggest that agoutis increase their home range size in response to food scarcity at the cost of their safety. C1 [Emsens, Willem-Jan; Suselbeek, Lennart; Winkelhagen, Annemarie J. S.; Jansen, Patrick A.] Wageningen Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Studies, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Emsens, Willem-Jan] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Ecosyst Management Res Grp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Hirsch, Ben T.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hirsch, Ben T.; Kays, Roland; Jansen, Patrick A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Kays, Roland] N Carolina Museum Nat Sci, Nat Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. [Jansen, Patrick A.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. RP Emsens, WJ (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Studies, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. EM w.emsens@gmail.com RI Jansen, Patrick/G-2545-2015; OI Jansen, Patrick/0000-0002-4660-0314; Suselbeek, Lennart/0000-0002-1896-855X FU National Science Foundation [NSF-DEB 0717071]; Netherlands Foundation for Scientific Research [NWO-ALW 863-07-008]; Schure-Beijerinck-Popping Fund FX We gratefully acknowledge field support by Matthew McElroy, Sumana Serchan, Torrey Rodgers, Jose Alejandro Ramirez Silva, Daniel Rasmussen, Yorick Liefting and Veronica Zamora Gutierrez, technical support by Daniel Obando and Alejandro Ortega, advice and comments by Frans Bongers, Meg Crofoot, Pete Laver and two anonymous reviewers and logistical support by Belkys Jimenez, Oris Acevedo and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. We thank Joris Buis and his collaborators for access to unpublished data. Financial support was received from the National Science Foundation (NSF-DEB 0717071 to RWK), the Netherlands Foundation for Scientific Research (NWO-ALW 863-07-008 to PAJ) and the Schure-Beijerinck-Popping Fund (to PAJ). NR 40 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD JAN PY 2013 VL 45 IS 1 BP 88 EP 93 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00888.x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063JP UT WOS:000312993900011 ER PT J AU Peters, VE Greenberg, R AF Peters, Valerie E. Greenberg, Russell TI Fruit Supplementation Affects Birds but not Arthropod Predation by Birds in Costa Rican Agroforestry Systems SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE arthropods; biodiversity; birds; coffee; ecosystem management; exclosures; pest control; species density ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; COFFEE PLANTATIONS; BIODIVERSITY; TRADEOFFS; FOREST; LANDSCAPES; RICHNESS; ECOLOGY; FLOCKS; FARMS AB As the global demand for the reliable provision of virtually all ecosystem services increases, it is imperative to conduct experimental research that tests specific mechanisms or drivers of the ecological processes that link to services, and whether these management actions can affect biodiversity and processes synergistically. Agroforestry systems are ideal for such experiments due to their increased uniformity and the relative ease with which factors can be manipulated and isolated. Manipulating the availability of food resources, we carried out an experimental test of this potential driver on bird diversity measures and the predatory services provided by birds in coffee agroforests. We constructed exclosures over coffee plants to measure arthropod removal intensity by birds comparing coffee agroforests with and without food resource (fruit) enrichment (the driver). Fruit enrichment agroforests had significantly greater bird species density (50%), overall abundance (55%), and abundance of understory insectivore specialists (89%) compared with control agroforests. Although 48 percent more arthropods were aspirated from coffee plants inside exclosures compared to coffee plants outside exclosures, fruit resource enrichment did not influence predatory activity by birds in the agroforests. The results of this study highlight the difficulties associated with managing lands for ecosystem services in complex ecosystems-management actions aimed at increasing numbers of the organisms involved in the interactions of ecological processes is not always equivalent to managing for an increase in the process itself. C1 [Peters, Valerie E.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Greenberg, Russell] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Peters, VE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM cazamosca@gmail.com FU EarthWatch Institute; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation FX This work was supported by grants from the EarthWatch Institute and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. We thank the EarthWatch volunteers, two field assistants (M. Garro-Cruz and J. Salazar-Leiton) and the farmers (Mr. Oldemar Salazar, Mr. Alvaro Vega, Mr. Gilbert Lobo, Mr. Rafael Leiton, Mr. Odilio Ramirez and Mr. Olivier Garro) for allowing us to conduct this experiment on their farms. We also thank two anonymous reviewers who provided helpful comments on a previous version of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD JAN PY 2013 VL 45 IS 1 BP 102 EP 110 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00891.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063JP UT WOS:000312993900013 ER PT J AU Bacon, CD Mora, A Wagner, WL Jaramillo, CA AF Bacon, Christine D. Mora, Andres Wagner, Warren L. Jaramillo, Carlos A. TI Testing geological models of evolution of the Isthmus of Panama in a phylogenetic framework SO BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE Arecaceae; biogeography; Caribbean; Central American Seaway; Cuba; Hawaiian Islands; Palmae; phytogeography; South America ID AMERICAN BIOTIC INTERCHANGE; GEOGRAPHIC RANGE EVOLUTION; NORTHWESTERN SOUTH-AMERICA; NEOTROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; MOLECULAR PERSPECTIVE; RAPID DIVERSIFICATION; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; DIVERGENCE TIMES; CARIBBEAN REGION; DATED PHYLOGENY AB The emergence and closure of the Isthmus of Panama had regional and global impacts that were rivalled by few other Cenozoic geological events. The closure of the Central American Seaway and the rise of the Isthmus had dramatic affects on climate and air and oceanic currents worldwide. Formation of the Isthmus also drove terrestrial biotic interchange, ending the isolation of South America by permitting the mixing of its biota with that of North and Central America. A dated phylogenetic tree of a well-sampled clade of palms in the tribe Trachycarpeae (Copernicia, Pritchardia and Washingtonia) was used to conduct biogeographical analyses. Examination of the timing of lineage dispersal from North into South America was performed and two contrasting temporal hypotheses of the Isthmus formation were tested: occurrence in the Pliocene (c. 5?Mya to the present) or in the Miocene (prior to c. 5?Mya). Copernicia is inferred to have dispersed through the Isthmus of Panama region into South America and subsequently into the Caribbean, where it underwent a rapid radiation. Consistent with a geologically older age for the Isthmus than previously understood, our results support recent geological and palaeobiological data that suggest an early Oligocene to early Miocene model of evolution of the Isthmus of Panama. (c) 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, , . C1 [Bacon, Christine D.; Jaramillo, Carlos A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Mora, Andres] Ecopetrol, Inst Colombiano Petr, Piedecuesta, Colombia. [Wagner, Warren L.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Bacon, CD (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM christinedbacon@gmail.com FU Ecopetrol ('Cronologia de la Deformacion en las Cuencas Subandinas' Project); Montgomery Botanical Center; National Tropical Botanical Garden; Smithsonian Institution FX We acknowledge financial support from Ecopetrol ('Cronologia de la Deformacion en las Cuencas Subandinas' Project), the Montgomery Botanical Center, the National Tropical Botanical Garden and the Smithsonian Institution. We thank A. Antonelli for inviting us to submit a paper to this special issue on Neotropical Plant Evolution, T. L. P. Couvreur for comments on an early draft, F. Alda, E. Bermingham, D. A. Clague, H. A. Lessios, J. P. Price, J. G. R. Romero, J. Roncal and J. D. C. Sanchez for discussion, and the Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers for suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 107 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 75 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4074 J9 BOT J LINN SOC JI Bot. J. Linnean Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 171 IS 1 SI SI BP 287 EP 300 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01281.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 056YU UT WOS:000312529200017 ER PT J AU Chin, SW Lutz, S Wen, J Potter, D AF Chin, Siew-wai Lutz, Sue Wen, Jun Potter, Dan TI THE BITTER AND THE SWEET: INFERENCE OF HOMOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF LEAF GLANDS IN PRUNUS (ROSACEAE) THROUGH ANATOMY, MICROMORPHOLOGY, AND ANCESTRAL-CHARACTER STATE RECONSTRUCTION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE extrafloral nectary; colleter; Prunus; BayesTraits; leaf glands; phylogeny ID EXTRAFLORAL NECTARIES; RESIN GLANDS; CORK-WARTS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; PLANT MATERIAL; SALICACEAE; MORPHOLOGY; SECRETION; LEAVES; TESTS AB Distinctive and diagnostic leaf glands occur in diverse forms and positions in Prunus. However, barely any studies have been conducted to document and examine these forms. Leaf glands in Prunus species may occur as raised structures on the leaf margin, as flattened structures on the abaxial surface, or at the tips of leaf teeth. Dark punctate spots on the abaxial surface of some tropical species have been assumed to be glandular as well. Our results show that the raised glands on the leaf margin and the flat glands on the abaxial surface share similar anatomy with extrafloral nectaries, while glands on the leaf teeth are structurally similar to colleters. Leaf glands in Prunus can be divided into class 1A (raised, marginal) and class 1B (flat, laminar) extrafloral nectaries and class 2 (leaf-teeth colleters). The derived flat glands likely evolved as a result of an adaptive loss of leaf serrations in warmer climates, while the plesiomorphic glandular-teeth condition is indirectly selected for in cooler climates because of an adaptive advantage of serrated margins. The dark punctate spots are shown for the first time to be d-stomatal-type cork warts that do not perform a glandular function. C1 [Chin, Siew-wai; Potter, Dan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lutz, Sue; Wen, Jun] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Chin, SW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, MS2, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM csiewwai@ucdavis.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0515431]; NMNH's Small Grants Program FX The work is part of S.-W. Chin's doctoral dissertation at University of California, Davis. We thank Stanley Yankowski of the Plant Anatomy Lab and Scott Whittaker of the SEM lab at the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) of the Smithsonian Institution for their guidance and technical assistance concerning plant microtechniques and SEM. For leaf gland observations, we thank USDA National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Davis, California, for the plant materials. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0515431. The first author's research visit to the Smithsonian was partially supported by the NMNH's Small Grants Program. NR 80 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 47 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 174 IS 1 BP 27 EP 46 DI 10.1086/668219 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 062BH UT WOS:000312893600002 ER PT J AU Alda, F Garcia, J Garcia, JT Suarez-Seoane, S AF Alda, Fernando Garcia, Javier Garcia, Jesus T. Suarez-Seoane, Susana TI Local Genetic Structure on Breeding Grounds of a Long-Distance Migrant Passerine: The Bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) in Spain SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE breeding site selection; environmental factors; genetic structure; Luscinia svecica; microsatellites; Spain ID RAIN-FOREST BIRD; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POLYMORPHISM; DIVERGENCE; FLOW; CONSERVATION AB Breeding site fidelity can be determined by environmental features, which depending on their heterogeneous distribution may shape the genetic landscape of a population. We used 10 microsatellite loci to study the genetic variation of 83 bluethroats (Luscinia svecica azuricollis) across 14 localities within the Spanish breeding population and assess the relative influence of different habitat characteristics (physiography and vegetation) on genetic differentiation. Based on the genetic variation of this population, we identified 3 geographically consistent genetic clusters that on average showed a higher genetic differentiation than among other north European populations, even those belonging to different subspecies. The inferred genetic clusters occurred in geographic areas that significantly differed in elevation. The highest genetic differentiation was observed between sites at different mountain ranges, as well as between the highest altitude sites in the northeastern locale, whereas vegetation type did not explain a significant percentage of genetic variation. The lack of correlation between geographic and genetic distances suggests that this pattern of genetic structure cannot be explained as a consequence of isolation by distance. Finally, we discuss the importance of preserving areas encompassing high environmental and genetic variation as a means of preserving evolutionary processes and adaptive potential. C1 CSIC UCLM JCCM, Inst Invest Recursos Cineget, IREC, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain. Univ Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol & Ambientales, Area Ecol, E-24071 Leon, Spain. RP Alda, F (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM alda.fernando@gmail.com RI Suarez-Seoane, Susana/D-8246-2015 OI Suarez-Seoane, Susana/0000-0001-7656-4214 FU University of Leon [2009/00131/00]; CSIC/MICINN Proyecto Intramural Especial-PIE [201030I019] FX University of Leon (2009/00131/00); CSIC/MICINN Proyecto Intramural Especial-PIE (201030I019). NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 51 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 104 IS 1 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1093/jhered/ess071 PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 061YJ UT WOS:000312885900005 PM 23008445 ER PT J AU Nie, ZL Funk, V Sun, H Deng, T Meng, Y Wen, J AF Nie, Ze-Long Funk, Vicki Sun, Hang Deng, Tao Meng, Ying Wen, Jun TI Molecular phylogeny of Anaphalis (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) with biogeographic implications in the Northern Hemisphere SO JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Anaphalis; Asian-North American disjunction; Asteraceae; Eastern Himalayas; Gnaphalieae; Phylogeny ID EXTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU; SEQUENCE DATA; HELICHRYSUM ASTERACEAE; 18S-26S RDNA; EVOLUTION; GENUS; COMPLEX; CHINA; ETS AB Anaphalis is the largest Asian genus in the tribe Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) and has its greatest species diversity in the eastern Himalayas. The nuclear internal and external transcribed spacers were sequenced for Anaphalis species, with an emphasis on the eastern Himalayan taxa to examine the monophyly and construct the phylogenetic relationships of and within the genus. The results suggest that all species of Anaphalis are nested with Helichrysum, showing a close relationship with a Mediterranean-Asian group of Helichrysum. Although the monophyly of Anaphalis is only weakly supported, two clades within the genus are well recognized, each consisting of two subgroups. The inferred phylogenetic relationships within Anaphalis correspond to the shape of leaf base, rather than the morphology of the capitula and phyllaries that are usually used for species delimitation and classification in the genus. All four subgroups of Anaphalis are common and diversified in the eastern Himalayas with multiple dispersals out of this region. The sole North American species of Anaphalis is best hypothesized to be the result of long-distance dispersal or overland migration via Bering land bridge from Asia. Our analyses suggest that the extant distribution of Anaphalis has most likely resulted one radiation into the eastern Himalayas followed by repeated independent dispersals and/or radiations mostly into eastern Asia but also into the western Himalayas, North America, and southeast Asia. C1 [Nie, Ze-Long; Sun, Hang; Deng, Tao; Meng, Ying] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Biodivers & Biogeog, Kunming Inst Bot, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Nie, Ze-Long; Funk, Vicki; Wen, Jun] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Meng, Ying] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res Kunming, Kunming Inst Bot, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, Peoples R China. RP Nie, ZL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Biodivers & Biogeog, Kunming Inst Bot, 132 Lanhei Rd, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, Peoples R China. EM niezl@mail.kib.ac.cn RI Nie, Ze-Long/N-8471-2015 OI Nie, Ze-Long/0000-0001-8065-3981 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC 40930209, 31061160184]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [2011312D11022, KSCX2-EW-J-24]; NSFC; Yunnan Natural Science Foundation [U1136601]; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; SI Fellowship program; Laboratory of Analytical Biology of the National Museum of Natural History FX This study was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 40930209 and 31061160184 to H. Sun), One Hundred Person Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2011312D11022 to H. Sun), United Fund of the NSFC and Yunnan Natural Science Foundation (U1136601 to H. Sun), and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-EW-J-24 to Z.-L. Nie), and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation to J. Wen, R. Ree, and G. Mueller. Support for the senior author's research visit at the Smithsonian was provided by a postdoctoral fellowship through the SI Fellowship program. Laboratory work was conducted in and partially supported by the Laboratory of Analytical Biology of the National Museum of Natural History, and Fieldwork in North America was supported by the Small Grants Program of the National Museum of Natural History, the Smithsonian Institution. NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 50 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 0918-9440 J9 J PLANT RES JI J. Plant Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 126 IS 1 BP 17 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s10265-012-0506-6 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 060MU UT WOS:000312783200003 PM 22776917 ER PT J AU Lasso, E Ackerman, JD AF Lasso, Eloisa Ackerman, James D. TI Nutrient limitation restricts growth and reproductive output in a tropical montane cloud forest bromeliad: findings from a long-term forest fertilization experiment SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Bromeliaceae; Cost of reproduction; Epiphytes; TMCF; Werauhia sintenisii ID PUERTO-RICO; EPIPHYTIC BROMELIADS; VASCULAR EPIPHYTES; PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION; ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; FRUIT PRODUCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COSTA-RICA; NITROGEN AB From studies in seasonal lowland tropical forests, bromeliad epiphytes appear to be limited mainly by water, and to a lesser extent by nutrient supply, especially phosphorous. Less is understood about the mineral nutrition of tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) epiphytes, even though their highest diversity is in this habitat. Nutrient limitation is known to be a key factor restricting forest productivity in TMCF, and if epiphytes are nutritionally linked to their host trees, as has been suggested, we would expect that they are also nutrient limited. We studied the effect of a higher nutrient input on reproduction and growth of the tank bromeliad Werauhia sintenisii in experimental plots located in a TMCF in Puerto Rico, where all macro- and micronutrients had been added quarterly starting in 1989 and continuing throughout the duration of this study. We found that bromeliads growing in fertilized plots were receiving litterfall with higher concentrations of N, P, and Zn and had higher concentrations of P, Zn, Fe, Al, and Na in their vegetative body. The N:P ratios found (fertilized = 27.5 and non-fertilized = 33.8) suggest that W. sintenisii may also be phosphorous limited as are lowland epiphytes. Fertilized plants had slightly longer inflorescences, and more flowers per inflorescence, than non-fertilized plants, but their flowers produced nectar in similar concentrations and quantities. Fertilized plants produced more seeds per fruit and per plant. Frequency of flowering in two consecutive years was higher for fertilized plants than for controls, suggesting that fertilized plants overcome the cost of reproduction more readily than non-fertilized plants. These results provide evidence that TMCF epiphytic bromeliads are nutrient limited like their lowland counterparts. C1 [Lasso, Eloisa] Univ Los Andes, Dept Ciencias Biol, Bogota, Colombia. [Lasso, Eloisa] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Ackerman, James D.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. RP Lasso, E (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Dept Ciencias Biol, Bogota, Colombia. EM e.lasso@uniandes.edu.co OI Lasso, Eloisa/0000-0003-4586-8674 FU "Fondo Institucional para la Investigacion" at the University of Puerto Rico; Luquillo-LTER program FX We thank E. Melendez-Ackerman, J. Zimmerman, and A. Sabat for their advice. The Department of Natural and Environmental Resources of Puerto Rico provided logistic support. This work was supported by a grant from "Fondo Institucional para la Investigacion" at the University of Puerto Rico. The Luquillo-LTER program provided additional financial support for nutrient analyses. This work is based on a thesis presented to the University of Puerto Rico in partially fulfillment of requirements for an MS degree (E.L.). All experiments comply with the current laws of Puerto Rico and were performed with the necessary permits. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 79 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JAN PY 2013 VL 171 IS 1 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1007/s00442-012-2403-z PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064MI UT WOS:000313079100015 PM 22767363 ER PT J AU Alvarez-Cansino, L Zunzunegui, M Barradas, MCD Correia, O Esquivias, MP AF Alvarez-Cansino, Leonor Zunzunegui, Maria Diaz Barradas, Mari Cruz Correia, Otilia Paz Esquivias, Mari TI Effects of temperature and rainfall variation on population structure and sexual dimorphism across the geographical range of a dioecious species SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Corema album; Dimorphism index; Distribution; Population density; Sex ratio; Size class ID SHRUB COREMA-ALBUM; PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE; SIPARUNA-GRANDIFLORA; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; CERATIOLA-ERICOIDES; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SEEDLING SURVIVAL; FEMALE PLANTS; GROWTH AB The effects of climate (precipitation and temperature) on sexual dimorphism and population structure were analysed along a broad-scale environmental gradient covering the distributional range of the endemic dioecious species Corema album, along the west coast of the Iberian Peninsula. We aimed to assess distribution constraints and sex-related differences in demography and size associated with higher reproductive investment in females. Nine populations were chosen from across the geographic range of C. album and ten 10 x 10 m plots were established (10 m apart) along a 200-m transect. All male, female and non-reproductive shrubs were quantified within each plot and plant size, photosynthetic layer, height, sex ratio, population density and structure, and spatial segregation of sexes, under environmental conditions ranging from temperate to Mediterranean climate, were recorded and analysed. Increased aridity was related to lower population density and less structured populations, indicating an effect of higher temperature and lower precipitation on regeneration. Sexual dimorphism was influenced by climate, with size differences between sexes varying with aridity. However, demographic differences between sexes reflected in sex ratio deviations or the occurrence of spatial segregation were unrelated to any climatic variable, suggesting the existence of compensatory mechanisms that may counterbalance the higher reproductive effort of female plants. The results show the vulnerability of this endemic species to the increase in aridity expected in the southernmost limit of the biogeographical area due to global climate change, and demonstrate the importance of broad scale studies in the assessment of sexual dimorphism. C1 [Alvarez-Cansino, Leonor] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Alvarez-Cansino, Leonor] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Zunzunegui, Maria; Diaz Barradas, Mari Cruz; Paz Esquivias, Mari] Univ Seville, Dept Plant Biol & Ecol, Fac Biol, Seville 41080, Spain. [Correia, Otilia] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, CBA, Dept Biol Vegetal, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Alvarez-Cansino, L (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apt 2072, Balboa, Panama. EM lalvarezcansino@gmail.com RI Correia, Otilia /K-1928-2012; Zunzunegui, Maria/L-8357-2014; OI Zunzunegui, Maria/0000-0002-3815-9290; Esquivias, M. Paz/0000-0001-5647-9936; Correia, Otilia/0000-0002-1053-0561 FU Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain; Spanish-Portuguese Integrated Action (Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Spain) FX This research was supported by a FPU Fellowship to Leonor Alvarez-Cansino (Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain) and a Spanish-Portuguese Integrated Action (Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Spain). NR 64 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 63 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 55 IS 1 BP 135 EP 146 DI 10.1007/s10144-012-0336-3 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 061TZ UT WOS:000312872600014 ER PT J AU Sobolewski, ME Brown, JL Mitani, JC AF Sobolewski, Marissa E. Brown, Janine L. Mitani, John C. TI Female parity, male aggression, and the Challenge Hypothesis in wild chimpanzees SO PRIMATES LA English DT Article DE Chimpanzee; Testosterone; Aggression; Challenge Hypothesis ID FECAL TESTOSTERONE LEVELS; LEMURS LEMUR-CATTA; CORTISOL-LEVELS; LIFE-HISTORY; GLUCOCORTICOID LEVELS; SOCIAL MODULATION; PAN-TROGLODYTES; MATING SYSTEMS; DOMINANCE RANK; NATIONAL-PARK AB The Challenge Hypothesis proposes that testosterone mediates aggression during periods of heightened conflict between males, especially episodes that have important fitness consequences. Considerable evidence from seasonally breeding species provides support for this hypothesis, but few data exist in animals that mate year-round. We tested predictions generated by the Challenge Hypothesis in chimpanzees, a non-seasonally breeding primate, through a study of individuals living in an exceptionally large community at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Results indicated that dominance rank had no influence on testosterone levels. Instead of rank influencing testosterone production, additional analyses revealed an important role for reproductive competition. Male chimpanzees displayed more aggression when they were in the same party as parous estrous females than when reproductively active females were unavailable. Male chimpanzees competed more intensely for mating opportunities with parous females than with nulliparas, and as a consequence, males displayed more aggression around the former than the latter. When males accompanied parous estrous females, their urinary testosterone concentrations were significantly higher than baseline concentrations. In contrast, urinary testosterone concentrations did not exceed baseline when males associated with nulliparous estrous females. These differences in testosterone levels could not be attributed to mating per se because males copulated equally often with parous and nulliparous females. Furthermore, variation in testosterone concentrations were not due to males gathering together in large parties, as their levels in these situations did not exceed baseline. Taken together, these findings, derived from a relatively large sample of males and estrous females, replicate those from a prior study and furnish additional support for the Challenge Hypothesis. Our results suggest that the Challenge Hypothesis is likely to be broadly applicable to chimpanzees and increase our understanding of the physiological costs to males who compete for estrous females. C1 [Sobolewski, Marissa E.; Mitani, John C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Anthropol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Brown, Janine L.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Sobolewski, ME (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Anthropol, 1085 S Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mesobole@umich.edu FU Uganda Wildlife Authority; Uganda National Council for Science and Technology; Makerere University Biological Field Station; L.S.B. Leakey Foundation; U.S. National Science Foundation [IOB-0516644, BCS-0752637] FX Our fieldwork was sponsored by the Uganda Wildlife Authority, Uganda National Council for Science and Technology, and Makerere University Biological Field Station. We thank A. Magoba, G. Mbabazi, L. Ndangizi, and A. Tumusiime for field assistance, J. Lwanga for logistic aid, and J. Beehner, K. Hosaka, and an anonymous reviewer for comments on the manuscript. N. Presley and S. Putnam provided help in the laboratory with hormone analyses. This research was supported by grants from the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation and the U.S. National Science Foundation (IOB-0516644 and BCS-0752637). This research was conducted in compliance with all legal requirements of Uganda and was approved by the University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (UCUCA) at the University of Michigan (Protocol #1092). NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 63 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 0032-8332 J9 PRIMATES JI Primates PD JAN PY 2013 VL 54 IS 1 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1007/s10329-012-0332-4 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 060OZ UT WOS:000312789000011 PM 23096486 ER PT J AU Clough, GW AF Clough, G. Wayne TI Untitled SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Clough, GW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD JAN PY 2013 VL 43 IS 9 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 059GA UT WOS:000312691200007 ER PT J AU de Queiroz, K Donoghue, MJ AF de Queiroz, Kevin Donoghue, Michael J. TI Phylogenetic Nomenclature, Hierarchical Information, and Testability SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TAXON NAMES; CLADE NAMES; DEFINITIONS; PHYLOCODE; CLASSIFICATION; FOSSILS C1 [de Queiroz, Kevin] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Donoghue, Michael J.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Donoghue, Michael J.] Yale Univ, Peabody Museum Nat Hist, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP de Queiroz, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM dequeirozk@si.edu NR 47 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 32 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 62 IS 1 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1093/sysbio/sys054 PG 8 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 062BW UT WOS:000312895100014 PM 22649180 ER PT J AU Buarpung, S Tharasanit, T Comizzoli, P Techakumphu, M AF Buarpung, S. Tharasanit, T. Comizzoli, P. Techakumphu, M. TI Feline spermatozoa from fresh and cryopreserved testicular tissues have comparable ability to fertilize matured oocytes and sustain the embryo development after intracytoplasmic sperm injection SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cat; Testicular tissue; Cryopreservation; Viability; DNA integrity; Intracytoplasmic sperm injection ID MAMMALIAN EGG ACTIVATION; FREEZE-THAWING PROCEDURE; BUFFALO BUBALUS-BUBALIS; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; EPIDIDYMAL SPERMATOZOA; SPERMATOGONIAL SURVIVAL; ABNORMAL FERTILIZATION; SUCCESSFUL PREGNANCY; DNA FRAGMENTATION; SUBFERTILE MEN AB Cryopreservation of testicular tissue associated with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a critical tool that still needs to be explored for preserving the fertility of endangered species. Using the domestic cat as a model for wild felids, the study aimed at determining the effect of different cryoprotectants and freezing techniques (two-step freezing vs. controlled slow freezing) on the sperm quality (membrane and DNA integrity). Then, spermatozoa were extracted from frozen-thawed testicular tissues and used for ICSI to assess early gamete activation or developmental competence in vitro. The percentage of spermatozoa with intact plasma membrane was not different (P > 0.05) among nonfrozen control, glycerol-, and ethylene glycol-frozen tissues (63.2 +/- 2%, 58.2 +/- 2.6%, 53.3 +/- 2.3%, respectively). However, these percentages were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in groups of dimethyl sulfoxide (46.3 +/- 3.3%) and 1,2 propanediol (44.3 +/- 2.9%) when compared with control. Conventional freezing combined with 5% (vol/vol) glycerol best preserved sperm membrane integrity (55.0 +/- 2.7%) when compared with other freezing techniques. The incidence of DNA fragmentation was found to be low (0.2%-1.1%) in all freezing protocols. After ICSI with frozen testicular spermatozoa, male and female gametes were asynchronously activated and the percentages of normal fertilization at 6, 12, and 18 hours were 11.2%, 20.6%, and 22.1%, respectively. Metaphase II-arrested oocytes containing or not a decondensed sperm head were predominantly found after ICSI with frozen testicular spermatozoa. Although two-pronucleus formation could be observed as soon as 6 hours post ICSI (10%), the rate increased dramatically after 12 and 18 hours post ICSI (17.2% and 19.5%, respectively). ICSI using frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa yielded cleavage (32.7%), morula (6.5%), and blastocyst (4.4%) percentages similar to nonfrozen control (P > 0.05). It is concluded that conventional freezing technique with glycerol as a principle cryoprotectant is simplified and applicable for cat testicular tissue cryopreservation. We also demonstrate for the first time that feline spermatozoa derived from frozen-thawed testicular tissues retain their fertilizing ability and can be used to produce ICSI-derived embryos. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Buarpung, S.; Tharasanit, T.; Techakumphu, M.] Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Obstet Gynaecol & Reprod, Bangkok, Thailand. [Comizzoli, P.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Dept Reprod Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Techakumphu, M (reprint author), Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Obstet Gynaecol & Reprod, Bangkok, Thailand. EM tmongkol@chula.ac.th FU Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand, Office of the Higher Education Commission [HR1166I-55]; PhD student of RGJ-PhD program [PHD/0189/2550]; Thailand Research Fund (TRF), Thailand FX This study was supported by the Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand, Office of the Higher Education Commission (HR1166I-55). Sirirak Buarpung is a PhD student of RGJ-PhD program (Grant No. PHD/0189/2550), Thailand Research Fund (TRF), Thailand. An ICSI platform was kindly provided by the Centenary Academic Development Project, Chulalongkorn University. The authors thank the Fertility and Neutering Clinic, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, the Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, and The Veterinary Public Health Division of The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Thailand, for sample collection and E. Oranratmanee for helping with statistical analysis. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 79 IS 1 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.09.022 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 058AV UT WOS:000312607400019 PM 23138024 ER PT J AU Burgasser, AJ Melis, C Zauderer, BA Berger, E AF Burgasser, Adam J. Melis, Carl Zauderer, B. Ashley Berger, Edo TI DETECTION OF RADIO EMISSION FROM THE HYPERACTIVE L DWARF 2MASS J13153094-2649513AB SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE brown dwarfs; stars: chromospheres; stars: individual (2MASS J13153094-2649513); stars: low mass; stars: magnetic field ID H-ALPHA EMISSION; X-RAY-EMISSION; SIMULTANEOUS MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD TOPOLOGY; ULTRACOOL DWARFS; BROWN DWARF; PERIODIC RADIO; MAIN-SEQUENCE; STARS; ROTATION AB We report the detection of radio emission from the unusually active L5e + T7 binary 2MASS J13153094-2649513AB made with the Australian Telescope Compact Array. Observations at 5.5 GHz reveal an unresolved source with a continuum flux of 370 +/- 50 mu Jy, corresponding to a radio luminosity of L-rad = nu L-nu = (9 +/- 3) x 10(23) erg s(-1) and log(10) L-rad/L-bol = -5.44 +/- 0.22. No detection is made at 9.0 GHz to a 5 sigma limit of 290 mu Jy, consistent with a power-law spectrum S-nu proportional to nu(-alpha) with alpha greater than or similar to 0.5. The emission is quiescent, with no evidence of variability or bursts over three hours of observation, and no measurable polarization (V/I < 34%). 2MASS J1315-2649AB is one of the most radio-luminous ultracool dwarfs detected in quiescent emission to date, comparable in strength to other cool sources detected in outburst. Its detection indicates no decline in radio flux through the mid-L dwarfs. It is unique among L dwarfs in having strong and persistent Ha and radio emission, indicating the coexistence of a cool, neutral photosphere (low electron density) and a highly active chromosphere (high electron density and active heating). These traits, coupled with the system's mature age and substellar secondary, make 2MASS J1315-2649AB an important test for proposed radio emission mechanisms in ultracool dwarfs. C1 [Burgasser, Adam J.; Melis, Carl] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Zauderer, B. Ashley; Berger, Edo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Burgasser, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM aburgasser@ucsd.edu FU National Science Foundation [AST-1003318, AST-1008361] FX The authors thank Duty Astronomer Jay Blanchard for his assistance with the observations, and Juergen Ott for assistance in our application for ATCA green time. C. M. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under award No. AST-1003318; E. B. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under award No. AST-1008361 NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR L3 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/762/1/L3 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 056KS UT WOS:000312488400003 ER PT J AU Anderson, JR Spadaro, AJ Baeza, JA Behringer, DC AF Anderson, Joshua R. Spadaro, Angelo J. Baeza, J. Antonio Behringer, Donald C. TI Ontogenetic shifts in resource allocation: colour change and allometric growth of defensive and reproductive structures in the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE crustacea; defence; marine; predation; size-dependent ID LIFE-HISTORY; DISRUPTIVE COLORATION; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; RELATIVE GROWTH; SIZE; PREDATION; HABITAT; CRABS; MATURITY; SURVIVAL AB Resource allocation theory predicts a disproportionately large allocation of resources to defensive structures during early ontogeny in organisms that are subject to more intense predation at smaller than at larger body sizes. We tested this prediction on the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus, which exhibits a negative relationship between predation risk and body size with a high natural mortality of smaller individuals. Independent allometric growth analyses demonstrated that numerous defensive structures (e.g. orbital horns, segments supporting the antenna, the tail fan) display negative allometric growth throughout ontogeny. We interpret these findings as lobsters investing disproportionately more resources to defensive structures when small to improve survivorship. Similarly, we observed an ontogenetic shift in lobster colour pattern; small individuals (7000 lines spaced by 16 GHz from 500-620 nm. A characterization with an FTS shows it can provide sub-10 cm/s calibration accuracy of astrophysical spectrographs performing exo-Earth searches. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Li, Chih-Hao; Glenday, Alexander G.; Zibrov, Alexander; Furesz, Gabor; Phillips, David F.; Sasselov, Dimitar; Szentgyorgyi, Andrew; Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Langellier, Nicholas; Sasselov, Dimitar; Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chang, Guoqing; Kaertner, Franz] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chen, Li-Jin] Idesta Quantum Elect LLC, Newton, NJ 07860 USA. [Chang, Guoqing; Kaertner, Franz] Univ Hamburg, DESY, Ctr Free Electron Laser Sci, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. RP Li, CH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM chih.hao.li@gmail.com NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262502292 ER PT S AU Connor, R AF Connor, Roger GP IEEE TI So You Think It's Bad Now ... Politics and Transportation Technology in America SO 2013 IEEE/AIAA 32ND DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 32nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 05-10, 2013 CL New York, NY SP IEEE, AIAA, BOEING, LRDC Systems LLC, SAAB, AVIONICS C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Connor, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-1536-1; 978-1-4799-1538-5 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2013 PG 42 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BC1KH UT WOS:000350222208002 ER PT S AU Bruzzone, L Plaut, JJ Alberti, G Blankenship, DD Bovolo, F Campbell, BA Ferro, A Gim, Y Kofman, W Komatsu, G McKinnon, W Mitri, G Orosei, R Patterson, GW Plettemeier, D Seu, R AF Bruzzone, L. Plaut, J. J. Alberti, G. Blankenship, D. D. Bovolo, F. Campbell, B. A. Ferro, A. Gim, Y. Kofman, W. Komatsu, G. McKinnon, W. Mitri, G. Orosei, R. Patterson, G. W. Plettemeier, D. Seu, R. GP IEEE TI RIME: RADAR FOR ICY MOON EXPLORATION SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc DE radar sounder; icy moons; Jovian system; subsurface geology; geophysics; planetary exploration ID SUBSURFACE AB This paper presents the Radar for Icy Moons Exploration (RIME) instrument, which has been selected as payload for the JUpiter Icy moons Explorer (JUICE) mission. JUICE is the first Large-class mission chosen as part of the ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 programme, and is aimed to study Jupiter and to investigate the potentially habitable zones in the Galilean icy satellites. RIME is a radar sounder optimized for the penetration of Ganymede, Europa and Callisto up to a depth of 9 km in order to allow the study of the subsurface geology and geophysics of the icy moons and detect possible subsurface water. In this paper we present the main science goals of RIME, the main technical challenges for its development and for its operations, as well as the expected scientific returns. C1 [Bruzzone, L.; Bovolo, F.; Ferro, A.] Univ Trento, Remote Sensing Lab, DISI, Trento, Italy. [Plaut, J. J.; Gim, Y.] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA. [Alberti, G.] CORISTA, Naples, Italy. [Blankenship, D. D.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX USA. [Campbell, B. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC USA. [Kofman, W.] UJF, CNRS, France & Space Res Ctr PAS, IPAG, Warsaw, Poland. [Komatsu, G.] Univ Annunzio, IRSPS, Pescara, Italy. [McKinnon, W.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Mitri, G.; Orosei, R.] INAF, IAPS, Rome, Italy. [Patterson, G. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, APL, Laurel, MD USA. [Plettemeier, D.] Tech Univ Dresden, Dresden, Germany. [Seu, R.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. RP Bruzzone, L (reprint author), Univ Trento, Remote Sensing Lab, DISI, Trento, Italy. EM lorenzo.bruzzone@ing.unitn.it RI Patterson, Gerald/E-7699-2015; Kofman, Wlodek/C-4556-2008; Komatsu, Goro/I-7822-2012; OI Komatsu, Goro/0000-0003-4155-108X; Bovolo, Francesca/0000-0003-3104-7656; Bruzzone, Lorenzo/0000-0002-6036-459X; Ferro, Adamo/0000-0002-7092-0318 NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4799-1114-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2013 BP 3907 EP 3910 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2013.6723686 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BB7JO UT WOS:000345638903244 ER PT S AU Lung, FD Potvin, G Sonnert, G Sadler, PM AF Lung, Florin D. Potvin, Geoff Sonnert, Gerhard Sadler, Philip M. BE Engelhardt, PV Churukian, AD Jones, DL TI Desired Career Outcomes Among College Students: Differences by Gender and Intended Career Field SO 2013 PHYSICS EDUCATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE SE Physics Education Research Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Physics Education Research (PER) Conference on From Fearing Physics to Having Fun with Physics - Exploring the Affective Domain of Physics Learning from Multiple Perspectives CY JUL 17-18, 2013 CL Portland, OR DE career choice; career outcome expectations; factor analysis ID PERFORMANCE; IDENTITY; SCIENCE AB Using factor analysis we investigated the desired career outcomes of a large sample of college students. From fifteen original items, we extracted eight factors covering over 50% of the total variance. Some of these factors were associated with gender and/or intended career field. The "communal values" factor is positively associated with the female gender and a life sciences career interest, and negatively associated with an engineering career interest. Furthermore, the "innovator" factor is associated with the male gender and an interest in physical sciences and engineering careers. Another factor strongly associated with male gender is "career as means to social recognition." These results are in line with existing research pointing to different goals for males and females when choosing careers: Females are more oriented toward communal behavior and a connection with real life, whereas males are more attracted by social recognition and power. C1 [Lung, Florin D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Potvin, Geoff] Clemson Univ, Dept Engn & Sci Educ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Sonnert, Gerhard; Sadler, Philip M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Sci Educ Dept, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lung, FD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS PI COLLEGE PARK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20740-3845 USA SN 2377-2379 BN 978-1-931024-22-8 J9 PHYS EDUC RES CONF PY 2013 BP 233 EP 236 DI 10.1119/perc.2013.pr.046 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA BE7DZ UT WOS:000375141800056 ER PT J AU Cole, D Grieman, P AF Cole, Dan Grieman, Pamela TI In Memoriam: Imre Sutton SO AMERICAN INDIAN CULTURE AND RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Cole, Dan] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Grieman, Pamela] AICRJ, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Cole, D (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU U C L A, AMER INDIAN STUDIES CENTER PI LOS ANGELES PA 3220 CAMPBELL HALL, BOX 951548, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095-1548 USA SN 0161-6463 J9 AM INDIAN CULT RES J JI Am. Indian Cult. Res. J. PY 2013 VL 37 IS 1 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC History SC History GA AW2IB UT WOS:000346110300001 ER PT J AU Cole, DG Sutton, I AF Cole, Daniel G. Sutton, Imre TI A Cartographic History of Indian-White Government Relations during the Past 400 Years SO AMERICAN INDIAN CULTURE AND RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STATES C1 [Cole, Daniel G.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Sutton, Imre] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. RP Cole, DG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM coled@si.edu NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU U C L A, AMER INDIAN STUDIES CENTER PI LOS ANGELES PA 3220 CAMPBELL HALL, BOX 951548, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095-1548 USA SN 0161-6463 J9 AM INDIAN CULT RES J JI Am. Indian Cult. Res. J. PY 2013 VL 37 IS 1 BP 5 EP 77 PG 73 WC History SC History GA AW2IB UT WOS:000346110300002 ER PT B AU Harasewych, MG AF Harasewych, M. G. BA Petuch, EJ BF Petuch, EJ TI The molluscan provincial concept in the tropical western Atlantic SO BIOGEOGRAPHY AND BIODIVERSITY OF WESTERN ATLANTIC MOLLUSKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7980-4; 978-1-4665-7979-8 PY 2013 BP 1 EP 14 D2 10.1201/b14798 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA BC3QX UT WOS:000351869900003 ER PT B AU Harasewych, MG AF Harasewych, M. G. BA Petuch, EJ BF Petuch, EJ TI Biogeography and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks Foreword SO BIOGEOGRAPHY AND BIODIVERSITY OF WESTERN ATLANTIC MOLLUSKS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7980-4; 978-1-4665-7979-8 PY 2013 BP XI EP XII D2 10.1201/b14798 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA BC3QX UT WOS:000351869900001 ER PT B AU Harasewych, MG AF Harasewych, M. G. BA Petuch, EJ BF Petuch, EJ TI Introduction: American molluscan faunas in time and space SO BIOGEOGRAPHY AND BIODIVERSITY OF WESTERN ATLANTIC MOLLUSKS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID NORTHERN SOUTH-AMERICA; CONUS CONIDAE; CABO FRIO; GASTROPODA; NEOGENE; FLORIDA; BRAZIL; EXTINCTION C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7980-4; 978-1-4665-7979-8 PY 2013 BP XV EP + D2 10.1201/b14798 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA BC3QX UT WOS:000351869900002 ER PT B AU Harasewych, MG AF Harasewych, M. G. BA Petuch, EJ BF Petuch, EJ TI Provinces of the tropical western Atlantic SO BIOGEOGRAPHY AND BIODIVERSITY OF WESTERN ATLANTIC MOLLUSKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7980-4; 978-1-4665-7979-8 PY 2013 BP 15 EP 29 D2 10.1201/b14798 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA BC3QX UT WOS:000351869900004 ER PT B AU Harasewych, MG AF Harasewych, M. G. BA Petuch, EJ BF Petuch, EJ TI Molluscan biodiversity in the Georgian Subprovince SO BIOGEOGRAPHY AND BIODIVERSITY OF WESTERN ATLANTIC MOLLUSKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7980-4; 978-1-4665-7979-8 PY 2013 BP 31 EP 45 D2 10.1201/b14798 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA BC3QX UT WOS:000351869900005 ER PT B AU Harasewych, MG AF Harasewych, M. G. BA Petuch, EJ BF Petuch, EJ TI Molluscan biodiversity in the subprovinces of the Florida Peninsula SO BIOGEOGRAPHY AND BIODIVERSITY OF WESTERN ATLANTIC MOLLUSKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7980-4; 978-1-4665-7979-8 PY 2013 BP 47 EP 63 D2 10.1201/b14798 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA BC3QX UT WOS:000351869900006 ER PT B AU Harasewych, MG AF Harasewych, M. G. BA Petuch, EJ BF Petuch, EJ TI Southern and western subprovinces of the Carolinian Province SO BIOGEOGRAPHY AND BIODIVERSITY OF WESTERN ATLANTIC MOLLUSKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7980-4; 978-1-4665-7979-8 PY 2013 BP 65 EP 74 D2 10.1201/b14798 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA BC3QX UT WOS:000351869900007 ER PT B AU Harasewych, MG AF Harasewych, M. G. BA Petuch, EJ BF Petuch, EJ TI Northern subprovinces of the Caribbean Province SO BIOGEOGRAPHY AND BIODIVERSITY OF WESTERN ATLANTIC MOLLUSKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7980-4; 978-1-4665-7979-8 PY 2013 BP 75 EP 95 D2 10.1201/b14798 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA BC3QX UT WOS:000351869900008 ER PT B AU Harasewych, MG AF Harasewych, M. G. BA Petuch, EJ BF Petuch, EJ TI Molluscan biodiversity in the Nicaraguan Subprovince SO BIOGEOGRAPHY AND BIODIVERSITY OF WESTERN ATLANTIC MOLLUSKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7980-4; 978-1-4665-7979-8 PY 2013 BP 97 EP 112 D2 10.1201/b14798 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA BC3QX UT WOS:000351869900009 ER PT B AU Harasewych, MG AF Harasewych, M. G. BA Petuch, EJ BF Petuch, EJ TI Molluscan biodiversity in the Venezuelan Subprovince SO BIOGEOGRAPHY AND BIODIVERSITY OF WESTERN ATLANTIC MOLLUSKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7980-4; 978-1-4665-7979-8 PY 2013 BP 113 EP 127 D2 10.1201/b14798 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA BC3QX UT WOS:000351869900010 ER PT B AU Harasewych, MG AF Harasewych, M. G. BA Petuch, EJ BF Petuch, EJ TI Molluscan biodiversity in the Grenadian and Surinamian Subprovinces SO BIOGEOGRAPHY AND BIODIVERSITY OF WESTERN ATLANTIC MOLLUSKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7980-4; 978-1-4665-7979-8 PY 2013 BP 129 EP 144 D2 10.1201/b14798 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA BC3QX UT WOS:000351869900011 ER PT B AU Harasewych, MG AF Harasewych, M. G. BA Petuch, EJ BF Petuch, EJ TI Northern subprovinces of the Brazilian Province SO BIOGEOGRAPHY AND BIODIVERSITY OF WESTERN ATLANTIC MOLLUSKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7980-4; 978-1-4665-7979-8 PY 2013 BP 145 EP 161 D2 10.1201/b14798 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA BC3QX UT WOS:000351869900012 ER PT B AU Harasewych, MG AF Harasewych, M. G. BA Petuch, EJ BF Petuch, EJ TI Molluscan biodiversity in the Paulinian Subprovince SO BIOGEOGRAPHY AND BIODIVERSITY OF WESTERN ATLANTIC MOLLUSKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7980-4; 978-1-4665-7979-8 PY 2013 BP 163 EP 175 D2 10.1201/b14798 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA BC3QX UT WOS:000351869900013 ER PT B AU Harasewych, MG AF Harasewych, M. G. BA Petuch, EJ BF Petuch, EJ TI Provincial Index Taxa SO BIOGEOGRAPHY AND BIODIVERSITY OF WESTERN ATLANTIC MOLLUSKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7980-4; 978-1-4665-7979-8 PY 2013 BP 177 EP 189 D2 10.1201/b14798 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA BC3QX UT WOS:000351869900014 ER PT B AU Harasewych, MG AF Harasewych, M. G. BA Petuch, EJ BF Petuch, EJ TI Additions to western Atlantic molluscan biodiversity SO BIOGEOGRAPHY AND BIODIVERSITY OF WESTERN ATLANTIC MOLLUSKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7980-4; 978-1-4665-7979-8 PY 2013 BP 191 EP 226 D2 10.1201/b14798 PG 36 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA BC3QX UT WOS:000351869900015 ER PT J AU Rubio-Palis, Y Ruiz-Lopez, F Guzman, H Sanchez, V Moreno, JE Estrada, Y Bevilacqua, M Cardenas, L Martinez, A AF Rubio-Palis, Yasmin Ruiz-Lopez, Freddy Guzman, Hernan Sanchez, Victor Moreno, Jorge E. Estrada, Yarys Bevilacqua, Mariapia Cardenas, Lya Martinez, Angela TI First record of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi B y Anopheles (Nys.) albitarsis F from the Caura river basin, Bolivar State, Venezuela SO BOLETIN DE MALARIOLOGIA Y SALUD AMBIENTAL LA Spanish DT Article DE Anopheles oswaldoi B; Anopheles albitarsis F; species complex; malaria; Venezuela AB Anopheles albitarsis F and Anopheles oswaldoi B were first recorded from collections in Sucre and Cedeno Municipalities, Bolivar State. Morphometric analysis of dark and pale spots on wing Costa and hind tarsomeres of adult females, showed that the range of variation for An. albitarsis F are within the reported ranges for An. marajoara sensu latu For An. oswaldoi B the range of variation are within the ranges reported for An. oswaldoi s.l., An. oswaldoi sensu stricto from Brazil and An. konderi. DNA mitochondrial analysis (Barcode region 658 bp) showed 3.2% of genetic divergence between An. oswaldoi B and An. oswaldoi s.s., while this divergence was 5.2% between An. albirtarsis F and An. marajoara s.s. Both these values are above the proposed limits for species delimitation. C1 [Rubio-Palis, Yasmin] Minist Poder Popular Salud, Direcc Salud Ambiental, Direcc Control Vectores, Maracay, Venezuela. [Rubio-Palis, Yasmin] Univ Carabobo, BIOMED, Maracay, Venezuela. [Ruiz-Lopez, Freddy] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ruiz-Lopez, Freddy] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Museum Support Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Guzman, Hernan; Sanchez, Victor; Moreno, Jorge E.; Estrada, Yarys] Ctr Invest Campo Dr Francesco Vitanza, Serv Autonomo Inst Altos Estudios Dr Arnoldo Gaba, Tumeremo, Estado Bolivar, Venezuela. [Bevilacqua, Mariapia; Cardenas, Lya] Asociac Venezolana Conservac Areas Nat ACOANA, Caracas, Venezuela. [Martinez, Angela] Inst Salud Publ Estado Bolivar, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela. RP Rubio-Palis, Y (reprint author), Minist Poder Popular Salud, Direcc Salud Ambiental, Direcc Control Vectores, Maracay, Venezuela. EM rubiopalis@gmail.com NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ALTOS ESTUDIOS, DR ARNOLDO GABOLDON PI MARACAY PA APARTADO POSTAL 2442, MARACAY, ZP 2101, VENEZUELA SN 1690-4648 J9 B MALARIOL SALUD AMB JI Bol. Malar. Salud. Ambient. PD JAN-JUL PY 2013 VL 53 IS 1 BP 68 EP 72 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology GA 268HW UT WOS:000328162000009 ER PT B AU Ono, A AF Ono, Ayako BE Cortazzi, H TI George Henry (1854-1934) and EA Hornel (1864-1933) SO BRITAIN & JAPAN: BIOGRAPHICAL PORTRAITS, VOL VIII SE Britain and Japan LA English DT Biographical-Item; Book Chapter C1 [Ono, Ayako] Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Ono, Ayako] Shinshu Univ, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan. RP Ono, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Project Story Beautiful Whistler Freer & Their Po, Freer Gallery & Arthur M Sackler Gallery, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRILL PI PA LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, NL-2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-04-24646-1; 978-90-04-24602-7 J9 BR JPN PY 2013 VL 8 BP 220 EP 234 D2 10.1163/9789004246461 PG 15 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BF9RB UT WOS:000385809300017 ER PT J AU Dickinson, MB Whigham, DF AF Dickinson, M. B. Whigham, D. F. TI Competition among surface roots in a selectively-logged, semi-deciduous forest in southeastern Mexico - effects on seedlings of two species of contrasting shade tolerance SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brosimum alicastrum; Swietenia macrophylla; trenching; regeneration AB Experimental manipulations of root competition on naturally established seedlings were conducted across canopy openness and soil depth gradients in a selectively-logged, semideciduous forest on limestone-derived soils in southeastern Mexico. We studied the relatively shade intolerant mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla, Meliaceae) and shade tolerant ramon (Brosimum alicastrum, Moraceae). Both species are ecologically and economically important canopy trees that respond differently to selective logging, hurricanes, and fires on the Yucatan Peninsula. The canopy openness gradient used in the experiment was created by low-intensity selective logging operations. The responses of naturally occurring seedlings of both species growing within 20-30 cm deep circular trenches were examined over a 19-month experimental period. Trenching resulted in increased relative growth in diameter, stem length, and number of leaves of Swietenia compared with controls, but had no effect on Brosimum relative growth or on seedling survival of either species. There was no significant interaction between increased light availability and trenching on Swietenia seedlings, perhaps because of their larger size in gaps. Trenching effects on Swietenia were not greater during the dry season, suggesting that surface trenching affected growth during transitions between seasons. Contrasting responses of Swietenia and Brosimum seedlings to changes in soil and light environments point to the need for diversity in silvicultural practices in seasonally-dry tropical forests such as the community-managed forest examined in this study. C1 [Dickinson, M. B.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Whigham, D. F.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Dickinson, MB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM mbdickinson@fs.fed.us; whighamd@si.edu FU Smithsonian Environmental Sciences Program, Tropical Research and Development; Tropical Forest Management Trust; International Hardwood Products Association; Sigma Xi; Florida State University; Hardwood Plywood Manufacturers Association FX Thanks to P. J. Grubb and anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript, J. Stanovick and S. Duke for statistical assistance, J. D. and J. Matias Martinez for help in the field, and the community of Noh Bec for permission to work in their forest. Thanks to D. Simberloff, F. E. Putz, and S. M. Herman for their ideas and the Acuerdo Mexico-Alemania, particularly H. Flachsenberg and A. Arguelles, and the Sociedad Civil de Productores Forestales de Quitana Roo for logistical support. This work was supported by grants from the Smithsonian Environmental Sciences Program, Tropical Research and Development, Tropical Forest Management Trust, the International Hardwood Products Association, Sigma Xi, Florida State University, and the Hardwood Plywood Manufacturers Association. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2013 VL 47 IS 2-3 BP 140 EP 152 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V43YA UT WOS:000209715500002 ER PT J AU Villalobos-Chaves, D Rodriguez-Herrera, B Tschapka, M AF Villalobos-Chaves, David Rodriguez-Herrera, Bernal Tschapka, Marco TI First records of day roosts of the nectar-feeding bat Lichonycteris obscura (Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae) SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Costa Rica; commuting distance; low and high quality roosts; nomadic lifestyle; seasonal migration AB We describe for the first time the day roost of the rare Lichonycteris obscura, a small specialized nectar-feeding bat that shows seasonal movements. Roosts were easily accessible cavities at or under fallen trees. As these structures occur frequently on slopes along streams, they are widely distributed, somewhat predictable and may be easily found by migrating bats. The use of such very common structures for roosting permits these small nectar-feeding species the seasonal access to areas with only temporarily high nectar resource availability. C1 [Villalobos-Chaves, David; Rodriguez-Herrera, Bernal] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Villalobos-Chaves, David; Rodriguez-Herrera, Bernal] Asociac Theria, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Tschapka, Marco] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Tschapka, Marco] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balbao, Panama. RP Villalobos-Chaves, D (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM avi3187@gmail.com NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2013 VL 47 IS 2-3 BP 335 EP 338 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V43YA UT WOS:000209715500019 ER PT J AU Burgess, EA Brown, JL Lanyon, JM AF Burgess, Elizabeth A. Brown, Janine L. Lanyon, Janet M. TI Sex, scarring, and stress: understanding seasonal costs in a cryptic marine mammal SO CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Body condition; faecal glucocorticoid; male aggression; scarring; stress; tusk injury AB We investigated variation in adrenal activity in the dugong, a vulnerable cryptic marine mammal species, in a population inhabiting the lower thermal limit of their range. We sampled 319 live wild dugongs and examined faecal glucocorticoid (fGC) concentrations in relationship to sex, reproductive state (immature, sexually mature, or pregnant), and season, as well as associations with body condition, male-induced aggressive conspecific interactions, and environmental temperature. Physiological validations with apparently healthy and unhealthy animals indicated that fGC levels reliably reflect adrenal activation in dugongs. Glucocorticoid levels and body condition varied seasonally, with individuals expressing lowest fGC levels and an improving body condition over summer and autumn. Best body condition was observed in winter, which may have enhanced the ability of the animals to cope with thermal and nutritional challenges and helped to sustain the subsequent costs of reproduction (including mating activity in spring). Immature dugongs, especially those recently estranged from their mothers, may be particularly vulnerable to stress during winter, and also at risk of injury from adult conspecifics. During the spring mating period, mature and sexually active males with large erupted tusks had high fGC and poorer body condition compared with all dugongs, except pregnant females, in all other seasons. This finding was consistent with high levels of body scarring on adults of both sexes, resulting from agonistic behaviour by mature males. Competitive reproductive behaviour, inherent in a promiscuous mating system, may have stressful consequences for male dugongs, especially given that strenuous mating activity follows unfavourable thermal and nutritional conditions. Overall, fGC levels appear to be a good proxy for stressors in dugongs associated with season and/or temperature, intra-specific aggression, and pregnancy, but not lactation and/or maternal care. Understanding baseline fGC levels will allow wildlife managers to identify additional and/or unusual stressors that may threaten wild dugong populations. C1 [Burgess, Elizabeth A.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Brown, Janine L.; Lanyon, Janet M.] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Burgess, EA (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM e.burgess1@uq.edu.au FU Winifred Violet Scott Foundation; Sydney Aquarium Conservation Fund; Australian Marine Mammal Centre; Australian Postgraduate Award; Queensland-Smithsonian Fellowship; Unimin Ltd; Sea World Australia FX Many thanks to the dedication of everyone in The University of Queensland (UQ) Dugong Research Team, in particular Helen Sneath, Erin Neal, Rob Slade, Paul Sprecher, Merrick Ekins, Ben Schemel, and Giovanni Damiani. Thanks also to Sarah Putman, Nicole Presley, and Tamara Keeley for their support in the laboratory. We appreciate the constructive feedback provided by two anonymous reviewers, which led to improvements in our manuscript. Dugongs were sampled under The University of Queensland Animal Ethics certificate #ZOO/ENT/344/04/NSF/CRL, #SIB/215/08/ACAMMS, #ZOO/ENT/737/08/ARC/CRL/SW/AMMC, Moreton Bay Marine Parks permit #QS2004/CVL228 to #QS2008/CVL228, and Scientific Purposes permits #WISP01660304 to WISP04937308. Order of authorship follows the 'first-last-author-emphasis' approach. This work was supported by the Winifred Violet Scott Foundation, Unimin Ltd (formerly Consolidated Rutile Ltd), Sydney Aquarium Conservation Fund, and Australian Marine Mammal Centre. Sea World Australia provided generous in-kind support for several field trips. E. A. Burgess was the recipient of an Australian Postgraduate Award and a Queensland-Smithsonian Fellowship. NR 79 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 9 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 2051-1434 J9 CONSERV PHYSIOL JI Conserv. Physiol. PY 2013 VL 1 IS 1 AR cot014 DI 10.1093/conphy/cot014 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Physiology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physiology GA V43TM UT WOS:000209703700005 PM 27293598 ER PT J AU Freeman, EW Meyer, JM Putman, SB Schulte, BA Brown, JL AF Freeman, Elizabeth W. Meyer, Jordana M. Putman, Sarah B. Schulte, Bruce A. Brown, Janine L. TI Ovarian cycle activity varies with respect to age and social status in free-ranging elephants in Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa SO CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Loxodonta africana; matriarch; non-invasive hormone monitoring; population management; post-partum duration; post-reproductive lifespan AB Free-ranging African elephants live in a fission-fusion society, at the centre of which is the matriarch. Matriarchs are generally older females that guide their families to resources and co-ordinate group defense. While much is known about elephant society, knowledge is generally lacking about how age affects the physiology of wild elephants. Investigation of the ovarian activity of free-ranging elephants could provide insight into the reproductive ageing process, with implications for population management. Faecal samples were collected from 46 individuals ranging in age from 14 to 60 years for a 2-year period, and progestagen metabolite analyses were used to examine relationships between social status, age, season, and ovarian activity in female elephants in Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa. Social status was the strongest predictor of faecal progestagen metabolite concentrations in non-pregnant elephants, with grand matriarchs (n = 6) having the lowest values compared with matriarchs (n = 21) and non-matriarch females (n = 19). Likewise, social status and age were the strongest predictors of faecal progestagen metabolite concentrations in pregnant elephants (n = 27). The number of years since a nonpregnant female gave birth to her last calf (post-partum duration) was longer for older females with a higher social status, as well as during the dry season. Our results indicate that social standing and age of elephants are related to reproductive function, and that older females exhibit reductions in ovarian capacity. These results expand our understanding of reproduction and fertility throughout an elephant's lifespan, and the factors that impact gonadal function in free-ranging females. Given that possible over-abundance of elephants in areas such as Addo Elephant National Park is fuelling the debate over how best to manage these populations, knowledge about the reproductive potential of high-ranking females can provide managers with biological data to identify the best candidates for controlling growth through translocation or contraception. C1 [Freeman, Elizabeth W.] George Mason Univ, New Century Coll, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Freeman, Elizabeth W.; Meyer, Jordana M.; Putman, Sarah B.; Brown, Janine L.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Schulte, Bruce A.] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. RP Freeman, EW (reprint author), George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr,MS 5D3, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM efreeman@gmu.edu FU Smithsonian Women's Committee; Walcott Endowment and Scholarly Studies Program; International Elephant Foundation FX We wish to thank Laura Broederdorf, Michelle Schroeder, and Remy Schoenemann for their assistance in the field and laboratory. Additionally, we appreciate the continued support of our work by South African National Parks, including but not limited to John Adendorff and Angela Gaylard. This work was supported by the Smithsonian Women's Committee, Walcott Endowment and Scholarly Studies Program, as well as the International Elephant Foundation. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 2051-1434 J9 CONSERV PHYSIOL JI Conserv. Physiol. PY 2013 VL 1 IS 1 AR cot025 DI 10.1093/conphys/cot025 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Physiology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physiology GA V43TM UT WOS:000209703700012 PM 27293609 ER PT J AU Linett, P Doering, Z AF Linett, Peter Doering, Zahava TI Exploring the Questions in This Issue SO CURATOR-THE MUSEUM JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Linett, Peter] Slover Linett Strategies, Chicago, IL 60613 USA. [Doering, Zahava] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Linett, P (reprint author), Slover Linett Strategies, Chicago, IL 60613 USA. EM peter@sloverlinett.com; jzdoering@comcast.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0011-3069 EI 2151-6952 J9 CURATOR JI Curator PD JAN PY 2013 VL 56 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1111/cura.12000 PG 2 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA V41AU UT WOS:000209519900001 ER PT J AU Surlykke, A Jakobsen, L Kalko, EKV Page, RA AF Surlykke, Annemarie Jakobsen, Lasse Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. Page, Rachel A. TI Echolocation intensity and directionality of perching and flying fringe-lipped bats, Trachops cirrhosus (Phyllostornidae) SO FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE echolocation; directionality; intensity; sonar beam; perch hunting ID FORAGING BEHAVIOR; RHINOLOPHUS-FERRUMEQUINUM; CAROLLIA-PERSPICILLATA; SOUND BEAM; IN-FLIGHT; CHIROPTERA; PREY; PHYLLOSTOMIDAE; THRESHOLDS; PREDATION AB The Neotropical frog-eating bat, Trachops cirrhosus, primarily hunts stationary prey, either by gleaning on the wing, or in a sit-and-wait mode hanging from a perch. It listens passively for prey-generated sounds, but uses echolocation in all stages of the hunt. Like other bats in the family Phyllostomidae, T cirrhosus has a conspicuous nose leaf, hypothesized to direct and focus echolocation calls emitted from the nostrils. T ctrrhosus is highly flexible in its cognitive abilities and its use of sensory strategies for prey detection. Additionally, T cirrhosus has been observed to echolocate both with closed and open mouth. We hypothesize that its flexibility extends to echolocation call design. We investigated the effect of hunting mode, perching or flying, as well as the effect of mouth opening, on the acoustic parameters and directionality of the echolocation call. We used a multi-microphone array, a high-speed video camera, and a microphone-diode-video system to directly visualize the echolocation sound beam synchronized with the bat's behavior. We found that T cirrhosus emits a highly directional sound beam with half amplitude angle (HAM) of 12-18 degrees and DI (directionality index) of 17 dB, among the most directional bat sonar beams measured to date. The directionality was high both when flying and when perching. The emitted intensity was low, around 88 dB SPL at 10 cm from the mouth, when hanging, but higher, around 100 dB SPL at 10 cm, when flying or just before take-off. Our data suggests that the limited search volume of T crrrhosus sonar beam defined by the high directionality and the rather low intensity of its echolocation calls is adapted to the highly cluttered hunting habitat and to the perch hunting mode. C1 [Surlykke, Annemarie; Jakobsen, Lasse] Univ Southern Denmark, Inst Biol, DK-5230 Odense M, Fyn, Denmark. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Page, Rachel A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Surlykke, A (reprint author), Univ Southern Denmark, SDU, Inst Biol, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Fyn, Denmark. EM ams@biology.sdu.dk NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 15 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-042X J9 FRONT PHYSIOL JI Front. Physiol. PY 2013 VL 4 AR 143 DI 10.3389/fphys.2013.00143 PG 9 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA AX2LA UT WOS:000346774000141 PM 23825459 ER PT J AU Ubernickel, K Tschapka, M Kalko, EKV AF Uebernickel, Kirstin Tschapka, Marco Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. TI Flexible echolocation behavior of trawling bats during approach of continuous or transient prey cues SO FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE approach; prey capture; water surface; reaction time; plasticity; Noctilio leporinus ID MYOTIS-NATTERERI KUHL; FISH-CATCHING BAT; BIG BROWN BATS; NOCTILIO-LEPORINUS; AERIAL-HAWKING; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; MOVING TARGETS; CALL INTENSITY; BULLDOG BAT AB Trawling bats use echolocation not only to detect and classify acoustically continuous cues originated from insects at and above water surfaces, but also to detect small water-dwelling prey items breaking the water surface for a very short time, producing only transient cues to be perceived acoustically. Generally, bats need to adjust their echolocation behavior to the specific task on hand, and because of the diversity of prey cues they use in hunting, trawling bats should be highly flexible in their echolocation behavior. We studied the adaptations in the behavior of Noctilio leporinus when approaching either a continuous cue or a transient cue that disappeared during the approach of the bat. Normally the bats reacted by dipping their feet in the water at the cue location. We found that the bats typically started to adapt their calling behavior at approximately 410 ms before prey contact in continuous cue trials, but were also able to adapt their approach behavior to stimuli onsets as short as 177 ms before contact, within a minimum reaction time of 50.9 ms in response to transient cues. In both tasks the approach phase ended between 32 and 53 ms before prey contact. Call emission always continued after the end of the approach phase until around prey contact. In some failed capture attempts, call emission did not cease at all after prey contact. Probably bats used spatial memory to dip at the original location of the transient cue after its disappearance. The duration of the pointed dips was significantly longer in transient cue trials than in continuous cue trials. Our results suggest that trawling bats possess the ability to modify their generally rather stereotyped echolocation behavior during approaches within very short reaction times depending on the sensory information available. C1 [Uebernickel, Kirstin; Tschapka, Marco; Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Tschapka, Marco; Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Ubernickel, K (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM kirstin.uebernickel@uni-ulm.de FU ChiRoPing project [215370] FX We want to thank H.-U. Schnitzler and A. Denzinger for intensive discussions and excellent advice, K. Jung and A. D. Grinnell for valuable comments on earlier versions of the manuscript, A. Surlykke, J. Hallam, and the entire ChiRoPing consortium for stimulating discussions during field trips, the staff of Barro Colorado Island (BCI) and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) for logistic support. Special thanks to M. Santamaria for his advice, volunteer assistant function and help with logistics. Part of this study was funded through the ChiRoPing project, IST contract number 215370. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-042X J9 FRONT PHYSIOL JI Front. Physiol. PY 2013 VL 4 AR 96 DI 10.3389/fphys.2013.00096 PG 10 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA AX2LA UT WOS:000346774000094 PM 23675352 ER PT J AU Vanderelst, D Lee, YF Geipel, I Kalko, EKV Kuo, YM Peremans, H AF Vanderelst, Dieter Lee, Ya-Fu Geipel, Inga Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. Kuo, Yen-Min Peremans, Herbert TI The noseleaf of Rhinolophus formosae focuses the Frequency Modulated (FM) component of the calls SO FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rhinolophus; chiroptera; emission; formosae; ranging; noseleaf; furrows; lappets ID SOUND EMISSION; HORSESHOE BAT; DIRECTIONALITY; ECHOLOCATION; FURROWS AB Bats of the family Rhinolophidae emit their echolocation calls through their nostrils and feature elaborate noseleaves shaping the directionality of the emissions. The calls of these bats consist of a long constant-frequency component preceded and/or followed by short frequency-modulated sweeps. While Rhinolophidae are known for their physiological specializations for processing the constant frequency part of the calls, previous evidence suggests that the noseleaves of these animals are tuned to the frequencies in the frequency modulated components of the calls. In this paper, we seek further support for this hypothesis by simulating the emission beam pattern of the bat Rhinolophus formosae. Filling the furrows of lancet and removing the basal lappets (i.e., two flaps on the noseleaf) we find that these conspicuous features of the noseleaf focus the emitted energy mostly for frequencies in the frequency-modulated components. Based on the assumption that this component of the call is used by the bats for ranging, we develop a qualitative model to assess the increase in performance due to the furrows and/or the lappets. The model confirms that both structures decrease the ambiguity in selecting relevant targets for ranging. The lappets and the furrows shape the emission beam for different spatial regions and frequency ranges. Therefore, we conclude that the presented evidence is in line with the hypothesis that different parts of the noseleaves of Rhinolophidae are tuned to different frequency ranges with at least some of the most conspicuous ones being tuned to the frequency modulated components of the calls-thus yielding strong evidence for the sensory importance of the component. C1 [Vanderelst, Dieter; Peremans, Herbert] Univ Antwerp, Act Percept Lab, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. [Lee, Ya-Fu; Kuo, Yen-Min] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Life Sci, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Lee, Ya-Fu; Kuo, Yen-Min] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Inst Biodivers, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Geipel, Inga; Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Vanderelst, D (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Act Percept Lab, Prinsstr 13, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. EM dieter.vanderelst@ua.ac.be FU National Science Council of Taiwan [99-2621-B-006-003-MY3]; Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) [1.5.152.11N] FX This study was partly supported by grant 99-2621-B-006-003-MY3, including a collection permit, from National Science Council of Taiwan to Ya-Fu Lee and by grant 1.5.152.11N from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO). Dieter Vanderelst is funded by a postdoctoral fellowship awarded by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO). NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-042X J9 FRONT PHYSIOL JI Front. Physiol. PY 2013 VL 4 AR 191 DI 10.3389/fphys.2013.00191 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA AX2LA UT WOS:000346774000188 PM 23882226 ER PT J AU Weinbeer, M Kalko, EKV Jung, K AF Weinbeer, Moritz Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. Jung, Kirsten TI Behavioral flexibility of the trawling long-legged bat, Macrophyllum macrophyllum (Phyllostomidae) SO FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sensory ecology; aerial hawking; gleaning; bat echolocation; clutter; echo overlap ID ECHOLOCATING BATS; PREY DETECTION; FLIGHT PERFORMANCE; MYOTIS-DAUBENTONII; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; HUNTING BEHAVIOR; PIPISTRELLE BATS; EATING BATS; BULLDOG BAT; VESPERTILIONIDAE AB We assessed the behavioral flexibility of the trawling long-legged bat, Macrophyllum macrophyllum (Phyllostomidae) in flight cage experiments by exposing it to prey suspended from nylon threads in the air and to food placed onto the water surface at varying distances to clutter-producing background (water plants). The bat revealed flexibility in foraging mode and caught prey in the air (aerial hawking) and from the water surface (trawling). M. macrophyllum was constrained in finding food very near to and within clutter. As echolocation was the prime sensory mode used by M. macrophyllum for detection and localization of food, the bat might have been unable to perceive sufficient information from prey near clutter as background echoes from the water plant increasingly overlapped with echoes from food. The importance of echolocation for foraging is reflected in a stereotypic call pattern of M. macrophyllum that resembles other aerial insectivorous and trawling bats with a pronounced terminal phase (buzz) prior to capture attempts. Our findings contrast studies of other phyllostomid bats that glean prey very near or from vegetation, often using additional sensory cues, such as prey-produced noise, to find food and that lack a terminal phase in echolocation behavior. In M. macrophyllum, acoustic characteristics of its foraging habitat have shaped its sonar system more than phylogeny. C1 [Weinbeer, Moritz; Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.; Jung, Kirsten] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Jung, K (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, Albert Einstein Allee11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM kirsten.jung@uni-ulm.de FU German Academic Exchange Study (DAAD); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [KA-1241/5-1] FX We thank HU Schnitzler for many helpful discussions, R Page for highly beneficial comments on an earlier version of this manuscript, and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (Panama) for logistical assistance and excellent working conditions. Research was supported by a PhD stipend of the German Academic Exchange Study (DAAD) to M. Weinbeer and by a grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG KA-1241/5-1) to EKV Kalko. The behavioral experiments complied with the current laws of Panama. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-042X J9 FRONT PHYSIOL JI Front. Physiol. PY 2013 VL 4 AR 342 DI 10.3389/fphys.2013.00342 PG 11 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA AX2LA UT WOS:000346774000334 PM 24324442 ER PT B AU Azar, D Engel, MS Jarzembowski, E Krogmann, L Nel, A Santiago-Blay, J AF Azar, Dany Engel, Michael S. Jarzembowski, Edmund Krogmann, Lars Nel, Andre Santiago-Blay, Jorge BE Azar, D Engel, MS Jarzembowski, E Krogmann, L Nel, A SantiagoBlay, J TI Insect Evolution in an Amberiferous and Stone Alphabet SO INSECT EVOLUTION IN AN AMBERIFEROUS AND STONE ALPHABET LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Congress on Fossil Insects, Arthropods and Amber CY APR 14-18, 2013 CL Byblos, LEBANON ID AMBER DIPTERA; COLEOPTERA; EOCENE; CHINA C1 [Azar, Dany] Lebanese Univ, Fac Sci 2, Dept Nat Sci, POB 26110217, Fanar Matn, Lebanon. [Engel, Michael S.] Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Div Entomol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Engel, Michael S.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Jarzembowski, Edmund] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geol & Palaeontol, Key State Lab Palaeobiol & Stratig, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Krogmann, Lars] State Museum Nat Hist Stuttgart, Entomol, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany. [Nel, Andre] Museum Natl Hist Nat, CNRS UMR 7205, F-75231 Paris, France. [Santiago-Blay, Jorge] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Azar, D (reprint author), Lebanese Univ, Fac Sci 2, Dept Nat Sci, POB 26110217, Fanar Matn, Lebanon. EM azar@mnhn.fr; msengel@ku.edu; jarzembowski2@live.co.uk; lars.krogmann@smns-bw.de; anel@mnhn.fr; blayjorge@gmail.com NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRILL PI PA LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, NL-2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-04-21071-4; 978-90-04-21070-7 PY 2013 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Entomology; Paleontology SC Entomology; Paleontology GA BE3WC UT WOS:000371315500001 ER PT J AU Quintero, GC AF Quintero, Gabriel C. TI Advances in cortical modulation of pain SO JOURNAL OF PAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE pain; glutamate; glia; cingulate cortex; somatosensory cortex; insular cortex AB Pain is an intricate phenomenon composed of not only sensory-discriminative aspects but also of emotional, cognitive, motivational, and affective components. There has been ample evidence for the existence of an extensive cortical network associated with pain processing over the last few decades. This network includes the anterior cingulate cortex, forebrain, insular cortex, ventrolateral orbital cortex, somatosensory cortex, occipital cortex, retrosplenial cortex, motor cortex, and prefrontal cortex. Diverse neurotransmitters participate in the cortical circuits associated with pain processing, including glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, and opioids. This work examines recent rodent studies about cortical modulation of pain, mainly at a molecular level. C1 [Quintero, Gabriel C.] Florida State Univ Panama, Neurosci, Ciudad Del Saber, Panama. [Quintero, Gabriel C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Quintero, GC (reprint author), Florida State Univ Panama, 227 Clayton, Ciudad Del Saber, Panama. EM gquintero@fsu.edu FU SENACYT (Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion de Panama); Sistema Nacional de Investigacion de Panama (SNI) FX Thanks to SENACYT (Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion de Panama) and the Sistema Nacional de Investigacion de Panama (SNI) for the award to GCQ. Thanks to the reviewers assigned by the journal for the useful feedback and suggestions. NR 102 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI ALBANY PA PO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALAND SN 1178-7090 J9 J PAIN RES JI J. Pain Res. PY 2013 VL 6 BP 713 EP 725 DI 10.2147/JPR.S45958 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V41EG UT WOS:000209528900076 PM 24092997 ER PT B AU McCarter, BG AF McCarter, B. G. BA McCarter, BG White, BE BF McCarter, BG White, BE TI The Nature of Being Human SO LEADERSHIP IN CHAORDIC ORGANIZATIONS SE Complex and Enterprise Systems Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [McCarter, B. G.] Natl Def Univ, Washington, DC 20319 USA. [McCarter, B. G.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP McCarter, BG (reprint author), Natl Def Univ, Washington, DC 20319 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7418-5; 978-1-4200-7417-8 J9 COMPL ENTERP SYST EN PY 2013 BP 29 EP 56 PG 28 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA BD7CH UT WOS:000362867800005 ER PT B AU White, BE McCarter, BG AF White, B. E. McCarter, B. G. BA McCarter, BG White, BE BF McCarter, BG White, BE TI How to Build Trust SO LEADERSHIP IN CHAORDIC ORGANIZATIONS SE Complex and Enterprise Systems Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [White, B. E.] US Air Force, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [White, B. E.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [White, B. E.] Signatron Inc, New York, NY USA. [White, B. E.] Mitre Corp, Bedford, MA USA. [White, B. E.] MITREs Syst Engn Proc Off, New York, NY USA. [McCarter, B. G.] Natl Def Univ, Washington, DC 20319 USA. [McCarter, B. G.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP White, BE (reprint author), US Air Force, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7418-5; 978-1-4200-7417-8 J9 COMPL ENTERP SYST EN PY 2013 BP 57 EP 93 PG 37 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA BD7CH UT WOS:000362867800006 ER PT B AU McCarter, BG AF McCarter, B. G. BA McCarter, BG White, BE BF McCarter, BG White, BE TI Application of Theory SO LEADERSHIP IN CHAORDIC ORGANIZATIONS SE Complex and Enterprise Systems Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [McCarter, B. G.] Natl Def Univ, Washington, DC 20319 USA. [McCarter, B. G.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP McCarter, BG (reprint author), Natl Def Univ, Washington, DC 20319 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7418-5; 978-1-4200-7417-8 J9 COMPL ENTERP SYST EN PY 2013 BP 147 EP 191 PG 45 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA BD7CH UT WOS:000362867800008 ER PT B AU McCarter, BG AF McCarter, B. G. BA McCarter, BG White, BE BF McCarter, BG White, BE TI Wicked Problems and MUVEs: Understanding Human Interactions through Multiuser Virtual Environments SO LEADERSHIP IN CHAORDIC ORGANIZATIONS SE Complex and Enterprise Systems Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [McCarter, B. G.] Natl Def Univ, Washington, DC 20319 USA. [McCarter, B. G.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP McCarter, BG (reprint author), Natl Def Univ, Washington, DC 20319 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7418-5; 978-1-4200-7417-8 J9 COMPL ENTERP SYST EN PY 2013 BP 193 EP 202 PG 10 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA BD7CH UT WOS:000362867800009 ER PT S AU DeLaune, RD Reddy, KR Richardson, CJ Megonigal, JP AF DeLaune, R. D. Reddy, K. R. Richardson, C. J. Megonigal, J. P. BE DeLaune, RD Reddy, KR Richardson, CJ Megonigal, JP TI Methods in Biogeochemistry of Wetlands Preface SO METHODS IN BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF WETLANDS SE Soil Science Society of America Book Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [DeLaune, R. D.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Sch Coast & Environm, Energy & Coast Bldg,S Stadium Dr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Reddy, K. R.] Univ Florida, Wetland Biogeochem Lab, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Richardson, C. J.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Wetland Ctr, Levine Sci Ctr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Megonigal, J. P.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP DeLaune, RD (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Sch Coast & Environm, Energy & Coast Bldg,S Stadium Dr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM rdelaun@lsu.edu; krr@ufl.edu; curtr@duke.edu; megonigalp@si.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1047-4986 BN 978-0-89118-961-9; 978-0-89118-960-2 J9 SSSA BOOK S PY 2013 VL 10 BP XIII EP XIV D2 10.2136/sssabookser10 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BE3JH UT WOS:000370800500002 ER PT S AU Megonigal, JP Rabenhorst, M AF Megonigal, J. Patrick Rabenhorst, Martin BE DeLaune, RD Reddy, KR Richardson, CJ Megonigal, JP TI Reduction-Oxidation Potential and Oxygen SO METHODS IN BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF WETLANDS SE Soil Science Society of America Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REDOX; WETLAND AB Reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions are fundamental to the study of biogeochemical cycles because they couple the energy economy of organisms (e. g., photosynthesis, respiration) to the thermodynamic laws that govern the formation of compounds. Wetland soils support a wide variety of redox reactions that are relevant to important areas of environmental research such as pedogenesis, litter decomposition, nutrient cycling, pollutant transformation, and trace gas emissions. Important redox reactions in wetland soils include denitrification, Fe3+ reduction, SO42- reduction, and methanogenesis, each of which has a characteristic redox potential and free energy yield. It is often useful to characterize the redox state of a wetland soil with a single value that integrates across the full suite of coupled redox reactions, yielding a so-called mixed potential. Mixed redox potentials cannot be used to make firm conclusions about the activity of a specific redox couple, but they have proven extremely useful for characterizing temporal and spatial variation in biogeochemical processes in support of pedogenic and ecological research. This chapter gives methods for making and using Pt-tipped redox electrodes for mixed-potential redox measurements. Guidance is offered for the appropriate interpretation of redox data. Molecular O-2 is of special interest to soil redox chemistry because it exercises overwhelmingly control on wetland biogeochemical cycles. We also provide instructions for making and using O-2 diffusion chambers, which are effective for quantifying the O-2 concentration of bulk soil (as opposed to microsites). C1 [Megonigal, J. Patrick] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Rabenhorst, Martin] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Megonigal, JP (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM megonigalp@si.edu; mrabenho@umd.edu NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1047-4986 BN 978-0-89118-961-9; 978-0-89118-960-2 J9 SSSA BOOK S PY 2013 VL 10 BP 71 EP 85 DI 10.2136/sssabookser10.c5 D2 10.2136/sssabookser10 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BE3JH UT WOS:000370800500007 ER PT S AU Cheesman, AW Rocca, J Turner, BL AF Cheesman, Alexander W. Rocca, James Turner, Benjamin L. BE DeLaune, RD Reddy, KR Richardson, CJ Megonigal, JP TI Phosphorus Characterization in Wetland Soils by Solution Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy SO METHODS IN BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF WETLANDS SE Soil Science Society of America Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION METHOD; ORGANIC-P FORMS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; BIOGENIC PHOSPHORUS; INOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; RELAXATION-TIMES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; PASTURE SOILS AB Solution P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can be used to identify P compounds in wetland soils by their chemical functionality. Alkaline extracts of wetland soils have been found to contain a mixture of phosphonates, phosphomonoesters, phosphodiesters, and inorganic polyphosphates. As more researchers apply solution P-31 NMR spectroscopy to wetlands, it is important that appropriate procedures, based on an understanding of the analytical issues, be used to provide accurate and comparable results. This chapter introduces basic NMR theory and discusses specific analytical considerations needed for its successful application to wetland soils (e. g., the need to standardize pre-extraction sample handling and account for soil Fe concentrations). The chapter concludes with a recommended procedure that includes an optional pre-extraction step (e. g., buffered dithionite, ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid, or HCl) dependent on a priori knowledge of the sample and an understanding of how such pre-extraction will impact P recovery and P-31 NMR spectral composition. C1 [Cheesman, Alexander W.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, POB 6811, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. [Rocca, James] Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Adv Magnet Resonance Imaging & Spect Facil, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Turner, Benjamin L.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Cheesman, AW (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, POB 6811, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. EM Alexander.Cheesman@gmail.com; JRRocca@ufl.edu; TurnerBL@si.edu RI Cheesman, Alexander/H-5918-2013 OI Cheesman, Alexander/0000-0003-3931-5766 NR 111 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1047-4986 BN 978-0-89118-961-9; 978-0-89118-960-2 J9 SSSA BOOK S PY 2013 VL 10 BP 639 EP 665 DI 10.2136/sssabookser10.c33 D2 10.2136/sssabookser10 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BE3JH UT WOS:000370800500035 ER PT B AU Andrews, SM AF Andrews, Sean M. BE Kawabe, R Kuno, N Yamamoto, S TI Millimeter-Radio Observations of the Hallmarks of Planet Formation in Circumstellar Disks SO NEW TRENDS IN RADIO ASTRONOMY IN THE ALMA ERA: THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF NOBEYAMA RADIO OBSERVATORY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on New Trends in Radio Astronomy in the ALMA Era: The 30th Anniversary of Nobeyama Radio Observatory CY DEC 03-08, 2012 CL Hakone, JAPAN SP Univ Tokyo, Inoue Fdn Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; GRAIN-GROWTH; DETERMINISTIC MODEL; GIANT PLANET; TRANSITIONAL DISK; MULTIPLE PLANETS; TAURUS-AURIGA; RHO-OPHIUCHI; MIGRATION AB Some of the fundamental processes involved in the assembly of planetary systems are just now becoming accessible to astronomical observations of circumstellar disks. The new promise of observational work in the field of planet formation makes for a very dynamic research scenario, which is certain to be amplified in the coming years as the revolutionary ALMA facility ramps up to full operations. To highlight some of the new directions being explored in this field, I will describe how we are using high angular resolution measurements at mm radio wavelengths to study two crucial aspects of the formation and early evolution of planetary systems: (1) the growth and migration of disk solids, and (2) the interactions between a young planetary system and its natal, gas-rich disk. For the former, I will demonstrate that we have identified evidence for spatial variations in both the particle size distribution and (potentially) the gas:dust mass ratio in young disks, and how those could translate into new constraints on models of grain growth and radial drift. And for the latter, I will review what we have learned from directly resolved radio observations of large, dust-depleted cavities in the centers of so-called "transition" disks, including their surprisingly high frequency and some possibilities for the observational study of planet-disk interactions. C1 [Andrews, Sean M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Andrews, SM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sandrews@cfa.harvard.edu NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-837-4; 978-1-58381-836-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2013 VL 476 BP 149 EP 156 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE6BZ UT WOS:000373870400027 ER PT B AU Wilner, DJ AF Wilner, David J. BE Kawabe, R Kuno, N Yamamoto, S TI Resolved Millimeter Emission Belts in the beta Pictoris and AU Microscopii Debris Disks SO NEW TRENDS IN RADIO ASTRONOMY IN THE ALMA ERA: THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF NOBEYAMA RADIO OBSERVATORY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on New Trends in Radio Astronomy in the ALMA Era: The 30th Anniversary of Nobeyama Radio Observatory CY DEC 03-08, 2012 CL Hakone, JAPAN SP Univ Tokyo, Inoue Fdn Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan ID CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; DUST DISK AB Debris disks around young main-sequence stars provide a window into the planet formation process. Imaging debris disks at millimeter wavelengths is important because emission at these long wavelengths is dominated by large grains that trace best the underlying population of dust-producing planetesimals. I discuss SMA observations that resolve the millimeter emission surrounding the nearby similar to 10 Myr-old stars beta Pic and AU Mic. For these systems, each of which is viewed nearly edge-on, the observations reveal a belt of millimeter emission surrounding the star with the same geometry as the more extended disks seen in scattered light. Simple modeling shows the locations of these millimeter belts are consistent with reservoirs of planetesimals ("birth rings") hypothesized to explain the shape of the midplane scattered light surface brightness profiles. For AU Mic, we have followed the SMA study with ALMA Cycle 0 observations that reveal much more detail in the belt of millimeter emission, and also isolate a previously unknown central emission peak that could come from a stellar chromosphere, or perhaps a distinct, inner planetesimal belt. C1 [Wilner, David J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wilner, DJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dwilner@cfa.harvard.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-837-4; 978-1-58381-836-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2013 VL 476 BP 165 EP 168 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE6BZ UT WOS:000373870400029 ER PT B AU Gurwell, M Butler, B Moullet, A AF Gurwell, Mark Butler, Bryan Moullet, Arielle BE Kawabe, R Kuno, N Yamamoto, S TI Planetary Atmospheres at High Resolution SO NEW TRENDS IN RADIO ASTRONOMY IN THE ALMA ERA: THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF NOBEYAMA RADIO OBSERVATORY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on New Trends in Radio Astronomy in the ALMA Era: The 30th Anniversary of Nobeyama Radio Observatory CY DEC 03-08, 2012 CL Hakone, JAPAN SP Univ Tokyo, Inoue Fdn Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan ID IOS ATMOSPHERE; MICROWAVE DETECTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SO2 ATMOSPHERE AB The long millimeter through submillimeter bands are particularly well suited for studying the wide variety of planetary atmospheres in our solar system. Temperatures ranging from a few 10s to hundreds of degrees, coupled with typically high densities (relative to the ISM) mean that thermal 'continuum' emission can be strong and molecular rotational transitions can be well-populated. Large bodies (Jovian and terrestrial planets) can be reasonably well studied by current interferometers such as the Submillimeter Array, LRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer, and Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy, yet many smaller bodies with atmospheres can only be crudely studied, primarily due to lack of sensitivity on baselines long enough to well resolve the object. Newly powerful interferometers such as the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array will usher in a new era of planetary atmospheric exploration. The vast sensitivity and spatial resolution of these arrays will increase our ability to image all bodies with extremely fine fidelity (due to the large number of antennas), and for study of smaller objects by resolving their disks into many pixels while providing the sensitivity necessary to detect narrow and/or weak line emission. New science topics will range from detailed mapping of HDO, CIO, and sulfur species in the mesosphere of Venus and PH3 and H2S in the upper tropospheres of the gas and ice giants, high SNR mapping of winds on Mars, Neptune and Titan, down to spectroscopic imaging of volcanic eruptions within the tenuous atmosphere on To, resolved imaging of CO and other species in the atmosphere of Pluto, and even potentially detection of gases within the plumes of Enceladus. C1 [Gurwell, Mark] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Butler, Bryan] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Moullet, Arielle] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Gurwell, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. EM mgurwell@cfa.harvard.edu; bbutler@nrao.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-837-4; 978-1-58381-836-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2013 VL 476 BP 213 EP 222 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE6BZ UT WOS:000373870400037 ER PT B AU Asada, K Inoue, M Matsushita, S AF Asada, Keiichi Inoue, Makoto Matsushita, Satoki CA Greenland Telescope Project Team BE Kawabe, R Kuno, N Yamamoto, S TI Greenland Telescope Project SO NEW TRENDS IN RADIO ASTRONOMY IN THE ALMA ERA: THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF NOBEYAMA RADIO OBSERVATORY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on New Trends in Radio Astronomy in the ALMA Era: The 30th Anniversary of Nobeyama Radio Observatory CY DEC 03-08, 2012 CL Hakone, JAPAN SP Univ Tokyo, Inoue Fdn Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; GALACTIC-CENTER; M87 AB Imaging the shadow of the black hole is one of the ultimate goals for modern physics and astrophysics. VLBI observations at submillimeter wavelength are a unique method to achieve sufficient angular resolution for imaging the shadow in the next decade. For this purpose, we plan to establish a new submillimeter VLBI station in order to improve the angular resolution and image quality. Based on the atmospheric condition and geometrical configuration with other existing telescopes, we select the Summit Camp on Greenland as a promising new site. We plan to realize it by redeploying the ALMA-NA prototype antenna. In addition to VLBI usage, we plan to use the telescope in single dish mode as a pathfinder for THz astronomy. We have been monitoring the atmospheric transparency at submillimeter wavelength since August of 2011 for further studies of atmospheric condition at the site. In the meantime, we have started retrofitting the ALMA-NA prototype antenna to fit the cold environment. C1 [Asada, Keiichi; Inoue, Makoto; Matsushita, Satoki] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Greenland Telescope Project Team] NRAO, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Asada, K (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM asada@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; inoue@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; satoki@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-837-4; 978-1-58381-836-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2013 VL 476 BP 243 EP 247 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE6BZ UT WOS:000373870400041 ER PT B AU Rodon, JA Beuther, H Schilke, P Zhang, QZ AF Rodon, Javier A. Beuther, Henrik Schilke, Peter Zhang, Qizhou BE Kawabe, R Kuno, N Yamamoto, S TI Fragmentation in High-Mass Star Forming Regions SO NEW TRENDS IN RADIO ASTRONOMY IN THE ALMA ERA: THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF NOBEYAMA RADIO OBSERVATORY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on New Trends in Radio Astronomy in the ALMA Era: The 30th Anniversary of Nobeyama Radio Observatory CY DEC 03-08, 2012 CL Hakone, JAPAN SP Univ Tokyo, Inoue Fdn Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan AB In the last decade, we have started to spatially resolve the relatively small gas and dust condensations in high-mass star-forming regions that will eventually become a massive star or system. We call these condensations of sizes on the order of 0.01 pc "cores", and by estimating their masses we can construct the so-called Core Mass Function (CMF) of a region, to compare with the IMF and try to determine the evolutionary process from core to star. For massive star-forming regions, the relationship between the CMF and the IMF is not yet well understood. This is, among other factors, due to the fact that there are not many massive CMF determined. Even then, some of those few CMF seem to tell a story of evolution, by presenting different slopes than that of the Salpeter IMF while others, seem to be very similar to the IMF. In this work we show CMFs obtained for a group of massive star-forming regions with SMA and PdBI observations. These CMFs show different slopes, and we explain the possible significance this has on the evolution of the cores. C1 [Rodon, Javier A.] European Souther Observ, Alonso Cordova 3107, Santiago 19, Chile. [Beuther, Henrik] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Schilke, Peter] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Zhang, Qizhou] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rodon, JA (reprint author), European Souther Observ, Alonso Cordova 3107, Santiago 19, Chile. EM jrodon@eso.org; schilke@ph1.uni-koeln.de; qzhang@cfa.harvard.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-837-4; 978-1-58381-836-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2013 VL 476 BP 315 EP 316 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE6BZ UT WOS:000373870400067 ER PT B AU Hara, C Kawabe, R Shimajiri, Y Ueda, J Kurono, Y Tsukagoshi, T Nakamura, F Saito, M Wilner, D AF Hara, C. Kawabe, R. Shimajiri, Y. Ueda, J. Kurono, Y. Tsukagoshi, T. Nakamura, F. Saito, M. Wilner, D. BE Kawabe, R Kuno, N Yamamoto, S TI Discovery of the rotating molecular outflow and disk in the Class-0/I protostar [BHB2007]#11 in Pipe SO NEW TRENDS IN RADIO ASTRONOMY IN THE ALMA ERA: THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF NOBEYAMA RADIO OBSERVATORY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on New Trends in Radio Astronomy in the ALMA Era: The 30th Anniversary of Nobeyama Radio Observatory CY DEC 03-08, 2012 CL Hakone, JAPAN SP Univ Tokyo, Inoue Fdn Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan ID NEBULA; B59 AB We present the results of our Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations toward a Class-0/I protostar, [BHB2007]#11 (hereafter, B59#11) at the nearby star forming region, Barnard 59 (B59) in the Pipe Nebula (d similar to 130 pc; Lombardi et al. 2006) with similar to 1" (corresponding to 130 AU) resolution in CO, (CO)-C-13, and (CO)-O-18(2-1) emissions. We have revealed that a flattened envelope and disk are associated with B59#11. In addition, the outflow ejected from B59#11 might be rotating. We suggest that B59#11 is one of the best targets to reveal the disk/outflow kinematics and address to the angular momentum problem. C1 [Hara, C.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Hara, C.; Kawabe, R.; Shimajiri, Y.; Ueda, J.; Kurono, Y.; Nakamura, F.; Saito, M.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo, Japan. [Kawabe, R.] Joint ALMA Off, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Shimajiri, Y.] Nobeyama Radio Observ, Minamimaki, Nagano, Japan. [Ueda, J.; Wilner, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Tsukagoshi, T.] Ibaraki Univ, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Hara, C (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. EM c.hara@nao.ac.jp; ryo.kawabe@nao.ac.jp; yoshito.shimajiri@nao.ac.jp; junko.ueda@nao.ac.jp; ttsuka@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp; fumitaka.nakamura@nao.ac.jp; dwilner@cfa.harvard.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-837-4; 978-1-58381-836-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2013 VL 476 BP 373 EP 374 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE6BZ UT WOS:000373870400094 ER PT B AU Chitsazzadeh, S Di Francesco, J Bourke, T Friesen, R Langston, G Pineda, J Schnee, S Shimajiri, Y Takakuwa, S Tatematsu, K Tobin, J AF Chitsazzadeh, S. Di Francesco, J. Bourke, T. Friesen, R. Langston, G. Pineda, J. Schnee, S. Shimajiri, Y. Takakuwa, S. Tatematsu, K. Tobin, J. BE Kawabe, R Kuno, N Yamamoto, S TI Molecular Emission Observations of Dense Core L1689-SMM16 SO NEW TRENDS IN RADIO ASTRONOMY IN THE ALMA ERA: THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF NOBEYAMA RADIO OBSERVATORY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on New Trends in Radio Astronomy in the ALMA Era: The 30th Anniversary of Nobeyama Radio Observatory CY DEC 03-08, 2012 CL Hakone, JAPAN SP Univ Tokyo, Inoue Fdn Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan ID TEMPERATURE C1 [Chitsazzadeh, S.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Chitsazzadeh, S.; Di Francesco, J.] Natl Res Council Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Bourke, T.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Friesen, R.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Langston, G.; Schnee, S.; Tobin, J.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Washington, DC USA. [Pineda, J.] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Shimajiri, Y.] Nobeyama Radio Observ, Minamimaki, Nagano, Japan. [Takakuwa, S.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei, Taiwan. [Tatematsu, K.] ALMA J Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo, Japan. RP Chitsazzadeh, S (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. EM schitsaz@uvic.ca; yoshito.shimajiri@nao.ac.jp; takakuwa@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; jtobin@nrao.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-837-4; 978-1-58381-836-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2013 VL 476 BP 379 EP 380 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE6BZ UT WOS:000373870400097 ER PT B AU Tsukagoshi, T Momose, M Hashimoto, J Kudo, T Andrews, S Ohashi, N Kitamura, Y Saito, M Wilner, D Tamura, M Kawabe, R AF Tsukagoshi, T. Momose, M. Hashimoto, J. Kudo, T. Andrews, S. Ohashi, N. Kitamura, Y. Saito, M. Wilner, D. Tamura, M. Kawabe, R. BE Kawabe, R Kuno, N Yamamoto, S TI Submillimeter and Near Infrared Studies for the Evolved Transition Disk around Sz 91 SO NEW TRENDS IN RADIO ASTRONOMY IN THE ALMA ERA: THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF NOBEYAMA RADIO OBSERVATORY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on New Trends in Radio Astronomy in the ALMA Era: The 30th Anniversary of Nobeyama Radio Observatory CY DEC 03-08, 2012 CL Hakone, JAPAN SP Univ Tokyo, Inoue Fdn Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan AB We performed aperture synthesis 345 GHz continuum and CO(3-2) observations with SMA and K-s-band polarized intensity imaging with the Subaru telescope for a transition disk around class III object in Lupus, Sz 91. Our observations successfully resolved the dust disk with a radius of 170 AU and unveiled the inner hole with a radius of 65 AU. In addition, we found the rotating gas disk with a radius of 260 AU in the CO(3-2) line. The model fitting to the spectral energy distribution reveals that the disk contains a mass of 2.2 x 10(-3) M-circle dot in the cold outer part of the disk, and a small amount (greater than or similar to 10(-6) M-Jup) of warm dust (greater than or similar to 150 K) remains in the inner hole of the disk. The structure of the hot component could be interpreted by either a self-luminous emitting body (e.g., circumplanetary disk) or a ring in the inner hole of the disk. C1 [Tsukagoshi, T.; Momose, M.] Ibaraki Univ, Coll Sci, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. [Kitamura, Y.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Hashimoto, J.; Kudo, T.; Ohashi, N.; Saito, M.; Tamura, M.; Kawabe, R.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo, Japan. [Andrews, S.; Wilner, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Tsukagoshi, T (reprint author), Ibaraki Univ, Coll Sci, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. EM ttsuka@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp; momose@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp; sandrews@cfa.harvard.edu; nohashi@naoj.org; dwilner@cfa.harvard.edu; motohide.tamura@nao.ac.jp; ryo.kawabe@nao.ac.jp NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-837-4; 978-1-58381-836-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2013 VL 476 BP 391 EP 392 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE6BZ UT WOS:000373870400103 ER PT B AU Takahashi, S Saigo, K Ho, PTP Tomida, K AF Takahashi, Satoko Saigo, Kazuya Ho, Paul T. P. Tomida, Kengo BE Kawabe, R Kuno, N Yamamoto, S TI Spatially Resolving an Extremely Young Intermediate-mass Protostar in Orion SO NEW TRENDS IN RADIO ASTRONOMY IN THE ALMA ERA: THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF NOBEYAMA RADIO OBSERVATORY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on New Trends in Radio Astronomy in the ALMA Era: The 30th Anniversary of Nobeyama Radio Observatory CY DEC 03-08, 2012 CL Hakone, JAPAN SP Univ Tokyo, Inoue Fdn Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan AB We present subarcsecond resolution 850 pm continuum emission, HCN (4-3) and CO (3-2) observations made with the Submillimeter Array (SMA), toward an extremely young intermediate-mass protostellar core, MMS 6-main, located in the Orion Molecular Cloud 2/3 region. Spatially resolved 850 mu m image shows a massive envelope (0.29 M-circle dot), the presence of hot gas (>= 52 K), and an extremely high column density (N-H2 =2.1x10(25) cm(-2)) in the central 120 AU. HCN (4-3) and CO (3-2) observation have successfully imaged a compact molecular outflow lobe associated with MMS 6-main for the first time. The detected outflow is the smallest molecular outflow ever found in the intermediate-mass protostellar cores. Our observational results suggest that MMS 6-main is a protostellar core at the earliest evolutionary stage, most likely shortly after the second core (i.e., protostar) formation. C1 [Takahashi, Satoko; Ho, Paul T. P.] ASIAA, POB 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Saigo, Kazuya] NAOJ, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Ho, Paul T. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tomida, Kengo] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Takahashi, S (reprint author), ASIAA, POB 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM satoko_t@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; pho@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-837-4; 978-1-58381-836-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2013 VL 476 BP 397 EP 398 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE6BZ UT WOS:000373870400106 ER PT B AU Brown, M Crofoot, M AF Brown, Michelle Crofoot, Margaret BE Sterling, EJ Bynum, N Blair, ME TI Social and spatial relationships between primate groups SO PRIMATE ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION: A HANDBOOK OF TECHNIQUES SE Techniques in Ecology and Conservation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Brown, Michelle] Univ Zurich, Anthropol Inst & Museum, Zurich, Switzerland. [Brown, Michelle] Univ New Mexico, Dept Anthropol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Crofoot, Margaret] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Crofoot, Margaret] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Div Migrat & Immunoecol, Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. [Crofoot, Margaret] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Brown, M (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Anthropol Inst & Museum, Zurich, Switzerland. EM moowalks@gmail.com; crofootm@si.edu NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-965945-6; 978-0-19-177477-5; 978-0-19-965944-9 J9 TECH ECOL CONSERVAT PY 2013 BP 151 EP 176 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199659449.001.0001 PG 26 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BC8GY UT WOS:000355679400011 ER PT J AU Kaeppler, AL AF Kaeppler, Adrienne L. TI MUSIC AND DANCE AS EXPORT AND IMPORT: A CASE STUDY OF JAPAN IN EUROPE, AND HAWAI'I IN JAPAN SO YEARBOOK FOR TRADITIONAL MUSIC LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Ocean Ethnol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kaeppler, AL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Ocean Ethnol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT COUNCIL TRADITIONAL MUSIC PI LJUBLJANA PA UNIV LJUBLJANA, DEPT MUSICOLOGY, FACULTY ARTS, ASKERCEVA 2, LJUBLJANA, 1000, SLOVENIA SN 0740-1558 J9 YEARB TRADIT MUSIC JI Yearb. Tradit. Mus. PY 2013 VL 45 BP 214 EP 230 PG 17 WC Music SC Music GA V40VQ UT WOS:000209506500015 ER PT J AU Turner, BL Condron, LM Wells, A Andersen, KM AF Turner, Benjamin L. Condron, Leo M. Wells, Andrew Andersen, Kelly M. TI Soil nutrient dynamics during podzol development under lowland temperate rain forest in New Zealand (vol 97, pg 50, 2012) SO CATENA LA English DT Correction C1 [Turner, Benjamin L.; Andersen, Kelly M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Condron, Leo M.; Wells, Andrew] Lincoln Univ, Canterbury 7647, New Zealand. RP Turner, BL (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM TurnerBL@si.edu RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Condron, Leo/E-9458-2013 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JAN PY 2013 VL 100 BP 148 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2012.08.010 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 023LY UT WOS:000310037300015 ER PT J AU Velez-Juarbe, J Noriega, JI Ferrero, BS AF Velez-Juarbe, Jorge Noriega, Jorge I. Ferrero, Brenda S. TI FOSSIL DUGONGIDAE (MAMMALIA, SIRENIA) FROM THE PARANA FORMATION (LATE MIOCENE) OF ENTRE RIOS PROVINCE, ARGENTINA SO AMEGHINIANA LA English DT Article DE Sirenia; Dugongidae; Miocene; Argentina ID EVOLUTION AB Fossil sirenians are well known from the Western Atlantic and Caribbean (WAC) region. Neogene records from the Atlantic coast of South America, although scarce, seem to reflect a similar taxonomic composition to its northern contemporaries. Fossil sirenians from Argentina are known from the late Miocene Parana and Ituzaingo formations in Entre Rios Province. An upper third molar housed in the Museo de Paleontologia de la Universidad Nacional de Cordoba (CORD-PZ 4301), from the Parana. Formation, was originally described and assigned to the dugongid genus Metaxytherium Christol. Subsequent workers suggested it could instead belong to the dugongid genus Dioplotherium Cope, a designation that we confirm upon examination of the material. Additionally, we describe new sirenian remains from the Parana Formation, consisting of two incomplete maxillae with teeth, belonging to one individual, deposited at the Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Parana (MASP 373). This specimen shows similarities with species of Metaxytherium from the northern WAC. The Parana Formation sirenians represent the southernmost occurrences of these two genera, and the geologically youngest occurrence of dugongids in the southern WAC. Dioplotherium and Metaxytherium also occur in the early Miocene of northern Brazil. The presence of these taxa as far south as Entre Rios latitude suggests two possible dispersal routes: (1) across a marginal connection between a southern arm of the Amazonian Sea and the "Paranense Sea"; (2) along the Brazilian coast. Lastly, the occurrence of dugongids, which feed mainly on seagrasses, indicates that these marine angiosperms were present in the region as well. C1 [Velez-Juarbe, Jorge] Howard Univ, Dept Anat, Lab Evolutionary Biol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Velez-Juarbe, Jorge] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Noriega, Jorge I.; Ferrero, Brenda S.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Invest Cient & Transferencia Tecnol Prod Diam, Lab Paleontol Vertebrados, Diamante, Entre Rios, Argentina. RP Velez-Juarbe, J (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Anat, Lab Evolutionary Biol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM velezjuarbe@gmail.com; cidnoriega@infoaire.com.ar; brendaferrero@yahoo.com.ar FU WBHR-LSAMP Bridge; Smithsonian Institution; NSF EAR [0929117]; PICT-ANPCYT [2007-392]; PIP-CONICET [2008-886] FX We thank G. Bahler, G. Ibargoyen, and J. Pena (MASP) for access to fossil materials; B. Beatty and M. Cozzuol for their comments as reviewers, and E. Cerdeno for her editorial task. Financial support to JVJ was provided by the WBHR-LSAMP Bridge to the Doctorate Program at HU, a National Museum of Natural History predoctoral fellowship from the Smithsonian Institution and a NSF EAR grant (no. 0929117) to D.P. Domning. Field work was partially supported by grants PICT-ANPCYT 2007-392 and PIP-CONICET 2008-886. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASOCIACION PALEONTOLOGICA ARGENTINA PI BUENOS AIRES PA MAIPU 645, 1ER PISO, 1006 BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SN 0002-7014 EI 1851-8044 J9 AMEGHINIANA JI Ameghiniana PD DEC 31 PY 2012 VL 49 IS 4 BP 585 EP 593 DI 10.5710/AMGH.27.6.2012.568 PG 9 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 193JE UT WOS:000322555300011 ER PT J AU Bin, Y Ye, WH Muller-Landau, HC Wu, LF Lian, JY Cao, HL AF Bin, Yue Ye, Wanhui Muller-Landau, Helene C. Wu, Linfang Lian, Juyu Cao, Honglin TI Unimodal Tree Size Distributions Possibly Result from Relatively Strong Conservatism in Intermediate Size Classes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RAIN-FOREST TREES; SUBTROPICAL FOREST; METABOLIC ECOLOGY; TROPICAL FORESTS; POPULATION-LEVEL; SHADE TOLERANCE; GROWTH; MORTALITY; COMMUNITY; PLOT AB Tree size distributions have long been of interest to ecologists and foresters because they reflect fundamental demographic processes. Previous studies have assumed that size distributions are often associated with population trends or with the degree of shade tolerance. We tested these associations for 31 tree species in a 20 ha plot in a Dinghushan south subtropical forest in China. These species varied widely in growth form and shade-tolerance. We used 2005 and 2010 census data from that plot. We found that 23 species had reversed J shaped size distributions, and eight species had unimodal size distributions in 2005. On average, modal species had lower recruitment rates than reversed J species, while showing no significant difference in mortality rates, per capita population growth rates or shade-tolerance. We compared the observed size distributions with the equilibrium distributions projected from observed size-dependent growth and mortality. We found that observed distributions generally had the same shape as predicted equilibrium distributions in both unimodal and reversed J species, but there were statistically significant, important quantitative differences between observed and projected equilibrium size distributions in most species, suggesting that these populations are not at equilibrium and that this forest is changing over time. Almost all modal species had U-shaped size-dependent mortality and/or growth functions, with turning points of both mortality and growth at intermediate size classes close to the peak in the size distribution. These results show that modal size distributions do not necessarily indicate either population decline or shade-intolerance. Instead, the modal species in our study were characterized by a life history strategy of relatively strong conservatism in an intermediate size class, leading to very low growth and mortality in that size class, and thus to a peak in the size distribution at intermediate sizes. C1 [Bin, Yue; Ye, Wanhui; Wu, Linfang; Lian, Juyu; Cao, Honglin] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Key Lab Vegetat Restorat & Management Degraded Ec, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Muller-Landau, Helene C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Lian, JY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Key Lab Vegetat Restorat & Management Degraded Ec, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM lianjy@scbg.ac.cn FU Knowledge Innovation Project of The Chinese Academy of Sciences [KSCX2-EW-Z]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31100312, 31011120470]; Chinese Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Network; US National Science Foundation [DEB-1046113] FX This research was supported by Knowledge Innovation Project of The Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-EW-Z), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31100312) and Chinese Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Network. This manuscript is a product of the 2011 analytical workshop of the Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS) in Changbaishan, China, jointly funded by the US National Science Foundation (DEB-1046113) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31011120470). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 33 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 31 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 12 AR e52596 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0052596 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 075GO UT WOS:000313872600020 PM 23300714 ER PT J AU Rinkevich, FD Hedtke, SM Leichter, CA Harris, SA Su, C Brady, SG Taskin, V Qiu, XH Scott, JG AF Rinkevich, Frank D. Hedtke, Shannon M. Leichter, Cheryl A. Harris, Sarah A. Su, Cathy Brady, Sean G. Taskin, Vatan Qiu, Xinghui Scott, Jeffrey G. TI Multiple Origins of kdr-type Resistance in the House Fly, Musca domestica SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHANNEL GENE; APHID MYZUS-PERSICAE; IN-FIELD POPULATIONS; PEACH-POTATO APHIDS; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; BEMISIA-TABACI; MUTATIONS; FREQUENCIES AB Insecticide resistance is a model phenotype that can be used to investigate evolutionary processes underlying the spread of alleles across a global landscape, while offering valuable insights into solving the problems that resistant pests present to human health and agriculture. Pyrethroids are one of the most widely used classes of insecticides world-wide and they exert their toxic effects through interactions with the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc). Specific mutations in Vssc (kdr, kdr-his and super-kdr) are known to cause resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in house flies. In order to determine the number of evolutionary origins of kdr, kdr-his and super-kdr, we sequenced a region of Vssc from house flies collected in the USA, Turkey and China. Our phylogenetic analysis of Vssc unequivocally supports the hypothesis of multiple independent origins of kdr, super-kdr and kdr-his on an unprecedented geographic scale. The implications of these evolutionary processes on pest management are discussed. C1 [Rinkevich, Frank D.; Hedtke, Shannon M.; Leichter, Cheryl A.; Harris, Sarah A.; Su, Cathy; Scott, Jeffrey G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Brady, Sean G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Taskin, Vatan] Mugla Sitki Kocman Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Mugla, Turkey. [Qiu, Xinghui] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Scott, JG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM JGS5@cornell.edu FU Hatch project [139 7416] FX This work was supported by Hatch project 139 7416. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 50 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 28 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 12 AR e52761 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0052761 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 064DQ UT WOS:000313051500058 PM 23285178 ER PT J AU Harasewych, MG AF Harasewych, M. G. TI The fossil record and phylogeography of the family Cerionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata), with the description of a new species from the Pleistocene of Florida SO NAUTILUS LA English DT Article DE Cerion; diversity zoogeography; vicariance; dispersal ID LAND SNAIL CERION; PALEOGEOGRAPHY; HYBRIDIZATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; PALEOCENE; HISTORY; REGION; GENUS AB Cerion petuchi, new species, the first record of the genus from the Pleistocene of Florida, is described from Loxahatchee, Florida, from deposits of the Loxahatchee Member of the Bermont Formation (Aftonian Pleistocene). This new species is more similar to Cerion agassizii from the Pleistocene of the Great Bahamas Bank, and to the Recent Cerion incanum saccharimeta, from the Florida Keys, than to either of the species from the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene Ballast Point Si lex Beds of Tampa, Florida. Data on the geographic distribution and geological age of all known cerionids is compiled and, together with models of the geologic and tectonic history of the Caribbean region, used to construct a hypothesis of the origins, ages, and relationships among the various lineages within the family since the Upper Cretaceous. The early distribution of the family was governed primarily by overland dispersal and vicariance. It is suggested that the significant proliferation of diversity that began during the Pleistocene is due to the increased prevalence of stochastic dispersal of small propagules (either by rafting or hurricane-born) among the islands of the Cuban and Bahamian archipelagos. Sea level changes caused by Pleistocene glaciations amplified diversity by repeatedly and sequentially recombining / hybridizing and isolating neighboring populations. Amplification of diversity would have been greatest on the Great Bahama Bank, as it had the highest number of islands that were isolated during interglacial periods and conjoined during glaciations. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, MRC 163,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Harasewych@si.edu NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU BAILEY-MATTHEWS SHELL MUSEUM PI SANIBEL PA C/O DR JOSE H LEAL, ASSOCIATE/MANAGING EDITOR, 3075 SANIBEL-CAPTIVA RD, SANIBEL, FL 33957 USA SN 0028-1344 J9 NAUTILUS JI Nautilus PD DEC 28 PY 2012 VL 126 IS 4 BP 119 EP 126 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 067NL UT WOS:000313301900001 ER PT J AU Ahlering, MA Eggert, LS Western, D Estes, A Munishi, L Fleischer, R Roberts, M Maldonado, JE AF Ahlering, Marissa A. Eggert, Lori S. Western, David Estes, Anna Munishi, Linus Fleischer, Robert Roberts, Melissa Maldonado, Jesus E. TI Identifying Source Populations and Genetic Structure for Savannah Elephants in Human-Dominated Landscapes and Protected Areas in the Kenya-Tanzania Borderlands SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CYTONUCLEAR GENOMIC DISSOCIATION; MALE AFRICAN ELEPHANTS; LOXODONTA-AFRICANA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; PATERNITY SUCCESS; ASIAN ELEPHANTS; RIFT-VALLEY; DNA; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AB We investigated the genetic metapopulation structure of elephants across the trans Rift Valley region of Kenya and Tanzania, one of the remaining strongholds for savannah elephants (Loxodonata africana) in East Africa, using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers. We then examined this population structure to determine the source population for a recent colonization event of savannah elephants on community-owned land within the trans rift valley region. Four of the five sampled populations showed significant genetic differentiation (p<0.05) as measured with both mtDNA haplotypes and microsatellites. Only the samples from the adjacent Maasai Mara and Serengeti ecosystems showed no significant differentiation. A phylogenetic neighbour-joining tree constructed from mtDNA haplotypes detected four clades. Clade four corresponds to the F clade of previous mtDNA studies that reported to have originated in forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) but to also be present in some savannah elephant populations. The split between clade four and the other three clades corresponded strongly to the geographic distribution of mtDNA haplotypes across the rift valley in the study area. Clade four was the dominant clade detected on the west side of the rift valley with rare occurrences on the east side. Finally, the strong patterns of population differentiation clearly indicated that the recent colonists to the community-owned land in Kenya came from the west side of the rift valley. Our results indicate strong female philopatry within the isolated populations of the trans rift valley region, with gene flow primarily mediated via male movements. The recent colonization event from Maasai Mara or Serengeti suggests there is hope for maintaining connectivity and population viability outside formal protected areas in the region. C1 [Ahlering, Marissa A.; Eggert, Lori S.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Ahlering, Marissa A.; Fleischer, Robert; Roberts, Melissa; Maldonado, Jesus E.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC USA. [Ahlering, Marissa A.; Western, David] African Conservat Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Estes, Anna] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Munishi, Linus] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Tarangire Elephant Project, Arusha, Tanzania. [Roberts, Melissa; Maldonado, Jesus E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ahlering, MA (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Grand Forks, ND USA. EM mahlering@tnc.org FU University of Missouri Research Board; Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, Friends of the National Zoo; American Philosophical Society; Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg Foundation FX This study was supported by the University of Missouri Research Board, the Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, the Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, Friends of the National Zoo, the American Philosophical Society and the Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg Foundation. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 67 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 26 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 12 AR e52288 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0052288 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 071TV UT WOS:000313618800065 PM 23300634 ER PT J AU Rakshit, D Blume, D AF Rakshit, D. Blume, D. TI Hyperspherical explicitly correlated Gaussian approach for few-body systems with finite angular momentum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID STOCHASTIC VARIATIONAL METHOD; GLOBAL-VECTOR REPRESENTATION; INTERACTING PARTICLES; ULTRACOLD GASES; SCATTERING; MOTION; DYNAMICS; STATES AB Within the hyperspherical framework, the solution of the time-independent Schrodinger equation for a n-particle system is divided into two steps: the solution of a Schrodinger-type equation in the hyperangular degrees of freedom and the solution of a set of coupled Schrodinger-type hyperradial equations. The solutions to the former provide effective potentials and coupling matrix elements that enter into the latter set of equations. This paper develops a theoretical framework to determine the effective potentials, as well as the associated coupling matrix elements, for few-body systems with finite angular momentum L = 1 and negative and positive parity Pi. The hyperangular channel functions are expanded in terms of explicitly correlated Gaussian basis functions, and relatively compact expressions for the matrix elements are derived. The developed formalism is applicable to any n; however, for n >= 6, the computational demands are likely beyond present-day computational capabilities. A number of calculations relevant to cold-atom physics are presented, demonstrating that the developed approach provides a computationally efficient means to solving four-body bound and scattering problems with finite angular momentum on powerful desktop computers. Details regarding the implementation are discussed. C1 [Rakshit, D.; Blume, D.] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Blume, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rakshit, D (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU ARO; NSF [PHY-1205443]; National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory FX We thank J. von Stecher for fruitful discussions and correspondence. Support by the ARO and NSF through Grant No. PHY-1205443 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was additionally supported by the National Science Foundation through a grant for the Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics at Harvard University and Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 26 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 6 AR 062513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.062513 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 061EF UT WOS:000312829800014 ER PT J AU Seok, H Buchmann, LF Singh, S Meystre, P AF Seok, H. Buchmann, L. F. Singh, S. Meystre, P. TI Optically mediated nonlinear quantum optomechanics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GROUND-STATE; PARAMETRIC AMPLIFICATION; CAVITY OPTOMECHANICS; COUPLED MULTIMODE; BACK-ACTION; RESONATOR; LIGHT; OSCILLATOR; REGIME AB We consider theoretically the optomechanical interaction of several mechanical modes with a single quantized cavity-field mode for linear and quadratic coupling. We focus specifically on situations where the optical dissipation is the dominant source of damping, in which case the optical field can be adiabatically eliminated, resulting in effective multimode interactions between the mechanical modes. In the case of linear coupling, the coherent contribution to the interaction can be exploited (e.g., in quantum state swapping protocols), while the incoherent part leads to significant modifications of cold damping or amplification from the single-mode situation. Quadratic coupling can result in a wealth of possible effective interactions including the analogs of second-harmonic generation and four-wave mixing in nonlinear optics, with specific forms depending sensitively on the sign of the coupling. The cavity-mediated mechanical interaction of two modes is investigated in two limiting cases: the resolved sideband and the Doppler regime. As an illustrative application of the formal analysis we discuss in some detail a two-mode system where a Bose-Einstein condensate is optomechanically linearly coupled to the moving end mirror of a Fabry-Perot cavity. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.063829 C1 [Seok, H.; Buchmann, L. F.; Singh, S.; Meystre, P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Inst B2, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Seok, H.; Buchmann, L. F.; Singh, S.; Meystre, P.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Singh, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Seok, H (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Inst B2, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. OI Buchmann, Lukas/0000-0002-2527-6789 FU National Science Foundation; DARPA ORCHID program through grant from AFOSR; QuASAR program through grant from AFOSR; DARPA ORCHID program through grant from ARO; QuASAR program through grant from ARO FX We thank E. M. Wright for stimulating discussions. This work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation, ARO, and the DARPA ORCHID and QuASAR programs through grants from AFOSR and ARO. NR 53 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 46 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 26 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 6 AR 063829 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.063829 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 061EF UT WOS:000312829800034 ER PT J AU Uchida, H Koyama, K Yamaguchi, H Sawada, M Ohnishi, T Tsuru, TG Tanaka, T Yshiike, S Fukui, Y AF Uchida, Hiroyuki Koyama, Katsuji Yamaguchi, Hiroya Sawada, Makoto Ohnishi, Takao Tsuru, Takeshi Go Tanaka, Takaaki Yshiike, Satoshi Fukui, Yasuo TI Recombining Plasma and Hard X-Ray Filament in the Mixed-Morphology Supernova Remnant W44 SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE ISM; abundances - ISM; individual (W44) - ISM; supernova remnants - X-rays; ISM ID SHOCKED MOLECULAR GAS; FE-RICH EJECTA; IC 443; RADIO-EMISSION; RX J1713.7-3946; COSMIC-RAYS; DISCOVERY; SUZAKU; SPECTRUM; ASCA AB We report on new features of the typical mixed-morphology supernova remnant W44. In X-ray spectra obtained with Suzaku, radiative recombination continua of highly ionized atoms were detected for the first time. The spectra are well reproduced by a thermal plasma in a recombining phase. The best-fit parameters suggest that the electron temperature of the shock-heated matter rapidly cooled down from similar to 1 keV to similar to 0.5 keV, possibly due to adiabatic expansion (rarefaction), occurred similar to 20000 yr ago. We also discovered hard X-ray emission, which shows an arclike structure spatially correlating with a radio continuum filament. The surface-brightness distribution has a clear anticorrelation with (CO)-C-12 (J = 2-1) emission from a molecular cloud observed with NANTEN2. While the hard X-ray is most likely due to a synchrotron enhancement in the vicinity of the cloud, no current model can quantitatively predict the observed flux. C1 [Uchida, Hiroyuki; Koyama, Katsuji; Sawada, Makoto; Ohnishi, Takao; Tsuru, Takeshi Go; Tanaka, Takaaki] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Koyama, Katsuji] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 560043, Japan. [Yamaguchi, Hiroya] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sawada, Makoto] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525258, Japan. [Yshiike, Satoshi; Fukui, Yasuo] Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. RP Uchida, H (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kitashirakawa Oiwake Cho, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. EM uchida@cr.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); JSPS KAKENHI [23000004, 24540229]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan FX HU, MS, and TO are supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Research Fellowship for Young Scientists. HY is supported by JSPS Research Fellowship for Research Abroad. KK is supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Nos. 23000004, 24540229). This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for the Global COE Program "The Next Generation of Physics, Spun from Universality and Emergence" from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. NR 69 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD DEC 25 PY 2012 VL 64 IS 6 AR 141 DI 10.1093/pasj/64.6.141 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 065KR UT WOS:000313147700027 ER PT J AU Anker, A Pachelle, PPG De Grave, S Hultgren, KM AF Anker, Arthur Pachelle, Paulo P. G. De Grave, Sammy Hultgren, Kristin M. TI Taxonomic and biological notes on some Atlantic species of the snapping shrimp genus Synalpheus Spence Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Alpheidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Caridea; snapping shrimp; Synalpheus; Atlantic; new records; Porifera; symbiosis ID CHERAX-DESTRUCTOR DECAPODA; SPONGE-DWELLING SHRIMP; FRESH-WATER CRAYFISH; INDIAN RIVER REGION; BELIZE BARRIER-REEF; SP-NOV MICROSPORA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SHALLOW-WATER; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; HOST-SPECIFICITY AB The present study is a preliminary report on 36 Atlantic species of the snapping shrimp genus Synalpheus Spence Bate, 1888; 32 from the western Atlantic and four from the eastern Atlantic. The vast majority of specimens were collected along the Caribbean coast of Panama between 2005 and 2008 and around Sao Tome Island in 2006. Additional specimens were collected in Costa Rica, Honduras, Belize, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Aruba, Venezuela, Florida, Brazil and Cape Verde, between 1998 and 2011. Some older museum material was also examined. Three nominal varieties or subspecies, viz. S. tumidomanus africanus Crosnier & Forest, 1965, S. tumidomanus congoensis Crosnier & Forest, 1965 and S. minus var. antillensis Coutiere, 1909 are elevated to full species rank, becoming S. africanus, S. congoensis, and S. antillensis, respectively. Several species are reported for the first time from Panama, Honduras, Dominican Republic, Aruba, St. Martin, and Brazil. General taxonomic and/or ecological notes are provided for all species treated herein. The need for more taxonomic and molecular work is highlighted for the western Atlantic S. cf. africanus, S. anasimus Chace, 1972, S. apioceros Coutiere, 1909, S. bousfieldi Chace, 1972, S. brooksi Coutiere, 1909, S. fritzmuelleri Coutiere, 1909, S. goodei Coutiere, 1909, S. herricki Coutiere, 1909, S. cf. longicarpus (Herrick, 1891), S. ul (Rios & Duffy, 2007) and S. yano (Rios & Duffy, 2007), as well as the eastern Atlantic S. cf. africanus. Most species reported are illustrated in colour, some for the first time. New sponge hosts are recorded for several species of the S. gambarelloides (Nardo, 1847) group. A table summarising life habits and social organisation for all presently known Atlantic species of Synalpheus is provided. Keys for the identification of all presently known western and eastern species of Synalpheus are also provided. C1 [Anker, Arthur] Univ Fed Ceara, Inst Ciencias Mar Labomar, Lab Zoobentos, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Pachelle, Paulo P. G.] Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Biol, Lab Invertebrados Marinhos Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [De Grave, Sammy] Univ Oxford, Museum Nat Hist, Oxford, England. [Hultgren, Kristin M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Anker, A (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci TMSI, Singapore 117548, Singapore. EM arthuranker7@yahoo.com OI De Grave, Sammy/0000-0002-2437-2445 FU CAPES (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior) of the Brazilian Government; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Operation Wallacea; National Geographic Society; French Ministere de l'Ecologie, du Developpement Durable et de l'Energie / Direction Regionale de l'Environnement, de l'Amenagement et du Logement de Guadeloupe FX The present study was supported by CAPES (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior) of the Brazilian Government in the form of a postdoctoral fellowship to the first author. Antonio J. Baeza (Old Dominion University, USA), Gustav Paulay (FLMNH), Andrew L. Rhyne (Roger Williams University, USA), Luis Ernesto Arruda Bezerra (UFC and UFERSA), Eva Toth (CIEE, Bonaire), Nancy Knowlton (USNM), Nuno Simoes and Julio Duarte-Gutierrez (UNAM, Sisal, Mexico), J. Emmett Duffy (VIMS), and Jonathan A. Vera Caripe (Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela) helped collecting additional specimens. The Atol das Rocas material was collected by Paulo Young (late of MNRJ) and his collaborators. Collection permits in Panama and Sao Tome were issued by the Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM) of the Republic of Panama and the Direccao das Pescas of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe, respectively. Fieldwork in Panama, Honduras, and Sao Tome was sponsored / supported by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Operation Wallacea (project director: Tim Coles), and the National Geographic Society, respectively. Fieldwork in St. Martin was sponsored by the French Ministere de l'Ecologie, du Developpement Durable et de l'Energie / Direction Regionale de l'Environnement, de l'Amenagement et du Logement de Guadeloupe, co-organised by Jean-Philippe Marechal and Gustav Paulay, and carried out with help of the staff of Reserve Naturelle Nationale de Saint-Martin. Anouchka Sato (MNHN), Charles H. J. M. Fransen (RMNH), Irene Cardoso (MNRJ), Marcos Tavares (MZUSP), and John Slapcinsky / Amanda Bemis (FLMNH) assisted with deposition of specimens. Martyn Low (National University of Singapore) helped obtaining some literature and advised on nomenclature. Ellen Muller (Bonaire) provided beautiful in situ photographs of S. hemphilli. NR 156 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 24 PY 2012 IS 3598 BP 1 EP + PG 95 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 059GR UT WOS:000312692900001 ER PT J AU Ryder, TB Horton, BM van den Tillaart, M Morales, JD Moore, IT AF Ryder, Thomas B. Horton, Brent M. van den Tillaart, Mike Morales, Juan De Dios Moore, Ignacio T. TI Proximity data-loggers increase the quantity and quality of social network data SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE coded nanotag; proximity data-loggers; social networks ID INDIVIDUALS; TECHNOLOGY; BEHAVIOR; BIRD AB Social network analysis is an ideal quantitative tool for advancing our understanding of complex social behaviour. However, this approach is often limited by the challenges of accurately characterizing social structure and measuring network heterogeneity. Technological advances have facilitated the study of social networks, but to date, all such work has focused on large vertebrates. Here, we provide proof of concept for using proximity data-logging to quantify the frequency of social interactions, construct weighted networks and characterize variation in the social behaviour of a lek-breeding bird, the wire-tailed manakin, Pipra filicauda. Our results highlight how this approach can ameliorate the challenges of social network data collection and analysis by concurrently improving data quality and quantity. C1 [Ryder, Thomas B.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Horton, Brent M.] Emory Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [van den Tillaart, Mike] Lotek Wireless, Newmarket, ON L3Y 7B5, Canada. [Morales, Juan De Dios] Univ San Francisco Quito, Dept Biol, Quito, Ecuador. [Moore, Ignacio T.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Ryder, TB (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, POB 37012,MRC5503, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM rydert@si.edu OI Moore, Ignacio/0000-0001-8875-8913 FU NSF [IOS 0545735] FX We thank Tiputini and Universidad San Francisco de Quito for logistical support and NSF for funding to ITM (IOS 0545735). NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 43 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD DEC 23 PY 2012 VL 8 IS 6 BP 917 EP 920 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2012.0536 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 036KP UT WOS:000311025100007 PM 22859558 ER PT J AU Shik, JZ Hou, C Kay, A Kaspari, M Gillooly, JF AF Shik, Jonathan Z. Hou, Chen Kay, Adam Kaspari, Michael Gillooly, James F. TI Towards a general life-history model of the superorganism: predicting the survival, growth and reproduction of ant societies SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ant colony; life history; metabolic scaling ID SOCIAL INSECTS; EVOLUTION; COLONIES; SIZE AB Social insect societies dominate many terrestrial ecosystems across the planet. Colony members cooperate to capture and use resources to maximize survival and reproduction. Yet, when compared with solitary organisms, we understand relatively little about the factors responsible for differences in the rates of survival, growth and reproduction among colonies. To explain these differences, we present a mathematical model that predicts these three rates for ant colonies based on the body sizes and metabolic rates of colony members. Specifically, the model predicts that smaller colonies tend to use more energy per gram of biomass, live faster and die younger. Model predictions are supported with data from whole colonies for a diversity of species, with much of the variation in colony-level life history explained based on physiological traits of individual ants. The theory and data presented here provide a first step towards a more general theory of colony life history that applies across species and environments. C1 [Gillooly, James F.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Shik, Jonathan Z.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hou, Chen] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Hou, Chen] China Agr Univ, Key Lab Agr Engn Struct & Environm, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Kay, Adam] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Kaspari, Michael] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Grad Program Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kaspari, Michael] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Gillooly, JF (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM gillooly@ufl.edu OI Kaspari, Michael/0000-0002-9717-5768; Hou, Chen/0000-0002-3665-225X NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 47 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD DEC 23 PY 2012 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1059 EP 1062 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2012.0463 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 036KP UT WOS:000311025100045 PM 22896271 ER PT J AU Stockstill-Cahill, KR McCoy, TJ Nittler, LR Weider, SZ Hauck, SA AF Stockstill-Cahill, Karen R. McCoy, Timothy J. Nittler, Larry R. Weider, Shoshana Z. Hauck, Steven A., II TI Magnesium-rich crustal compositions on Mercury: Implications for magmatism from petrologic modeling SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SPECTROMETRY; ATOMIC DATABASE; PHASE-RELATIONS; EMISSION-LINES; SURFACE; MESSENGER; EVOLUTION; PLANETS; LIQUIDS; CHIANTI AB We have conducted petrologic modeling of MESSENGER-derived compositions and analog compositions to gain a better understanding of the petrogenesis of the crust of Mercury. Analog compositions included a 1425 degrees C partial melt of the Indarch (EH4) meteorite and a range of Mg-rich terrestrial rocks (magnesian basalt, basaltic komatiite, and peridotitic komatiite). All models were held at the iron-wustite buffer to simulate the reducing conditions that likely existed during Mercury's formation. We then compared modeled mineral compositions and abundances, liquidus temperatures, and viscosities to better constrain the characteristics of the lavas that erupted on Mercury's surface. Our results show that the surface composition of Mercury is most similar to that of a terrestrial magnesian basalt (with lowered FeO), composed mainly of Mg-rich orthopyroxene and plagioclase. Because the model magmas are Mg-rich, their counterparts on Mercury would have erupted at high temperatures and displayed low viscosities. Producing melts of these compositions would have required high temperatures at the mantle source regions on Mercury. The inferred low-viscosity lavas would have erupted as thin, laterally extensive flows (depending upon their effusion rate) and would be expected to display surficial flow features that might be preserved to the present. Citation: Stockstill-Cahill, K. R., T. J. McCoy, L. R. Nittler, S. Z. Weider, and S. A. Hauck II (2012), Magnesium-rich crustal compositions on Mercury: Implications for magmatism from petrologic modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 117, E00L15, doi:10.1029/2012JE004140. C1 [Stockstill-Cahill, Karen R.; McCoy, Timothy J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Nittler, Larry R.; Weider, Shoshana Z.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Hauck, Steven A., II] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Stockstill-Cahill, KR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM cahillk@si.edu RI Hauck, Steven/A-7865-2008; OI Hauck, Steven/0000-0001-8245-146X; Weider, Shoshana/0000-0003-1034-909X FU NASA [NASW-00002, NAS5-97271]; MESSENGER Participating Scientist Program grant FX We thank the MESSENGER science and engineering teams for their development and execution of the MESSENGER mission and for their acquisition and analysis of mission data, which made this work possible. We also thank Francis McCubbin and an anonymous reviewer for insightful reviews of this manuscript. This work is supported by a MESSENGER Participating Scientist Program grant to T.J.M. The MESSENGER project is supported by the NASA Discovery Program under contracts NASW-00002 to the Carnegie Institution of Washington and NAS5-97271 to The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. NR 50 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 22 PY 2012 VL 117 AR E00L15 DI 10.1029/2012JE004140 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 061DN UT WOS:000312827400001 ER PT J AU Schnitzer, SA Mangan, SA Dalling, JW Baldeck, CA Hubbell, SP Ledo, A Muller-Landau, H Tobin, MF Aguilar, S Brassfield, D Hernandez, A Lao, S Perez, R Valdes, O Yorke, SR AF Schnitzer, Stefan A. Mangan, Scott A. Dalling, James W. Baldeck, Claire A. Hubbell, Stephen P. Ledo, Alicia Muller-Landau, Helene Tobin, Michael F. Aguilar, Salomon Brassfield, David Hernandez, Andres Lao, Suzanne Perez, Rolando Valdes, Oldemar Yorke, Suzanne Rutishauser TI Liana Abundance, Diversity, and Distribution on Barro Colorado Island, Panama SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL FOREST CANOPY; RAIN-FOREST; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; TREE REGENERATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; POINT-PROCESSES; COSTA-RICA; GAPS; PATTERNS; MORTALITY AB Lianas are a key component of tropical forests; however, most surveys are too small to accurately quantify liana community composition, diversity, abundance, and spatial distribution - critical components for measuring the contribution of lianas to forest processes. In 2007, we tagged, mapped, measured the diameter, and identified all lianas >= 1 cm rooted in a 50-ha plot on Barro Colorado Island, Panama (BCI). We calculated liana density, basal area, and species richness for both independently rooted lianas and all rooted liana stems (genets plus clones). We compared spatial aggregation patterns of liana and tree species, and among liana species that varied in the amount of clonal reproduction. We also tested whether liana and tree densities have increased on BCI compared to surveys conducted 30-years earlier. This study represents the most comprehensive spatially contiguous sampling of lianas ever conducted and, over the 50 ha area, we found 67,447 rooted liana stems comprising 162 species. Rooted lianas composed nearly 25% of the woody stems (trees and lianas), 35% of woody species richness, and 3% of woody basal area. Lianas were spatially aggregated within the 50-ha plot and the liana species with the highest proportion of clonal stems more spatially aggregated than the least clonal species, possibly indicating clonal stem recruitment following canopy disturbance. Over the past 30 years, liana density increased by 75% for stems >= 1 cm diameter and nearly 140% for stems >= 5 cm diameter, while tree density on BCI decreased 11.5%; a finding consistent with other neotropical forests. Our data confirm that lianas contribute substantially to tropical forest stem density and diversity, they have highly clumped distributions that appear to be driven by clonal stem recruitment into treefall gaps, and they are increasing relative to trees, thus indicating that lianas will play a greater role in the future dynamics of BCI and other neotropical forests. C1 [Schnitzer, Stefan A.; Mangan, Scott A.; Ledo, Alicia; Tobin, Michael F.; Valdes, Oldemar; Yorke, Suzanne Rutishauser] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Schnitzer, Stefan A.; Mangan, Scott A.; Dalling, James W.; Hubbell, Stephen P.; Muller-Landau, Helene; Aguilar, Salomon; Brassfield, David; Hernandez, Andres; Lao, Suzanne; Perez, Rolando; Valdes, Oldemar] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Dalling, James W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Baldeck, Claire A.] Univ Illinois, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hubbell, Stephen P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Ledo, Alicia] Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Montes, Madrid, Spain. RP Schnitzer, SA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM S1@uwm.edu OI Schnitzer, Stefan/0000-0002-2715-9455 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0613666, DEB-0845071]; UWM Research Growth Initiative; UWM Office for Undergraduate Research; UWM Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies FX The study was made possible by financial support from the National Science Foundation (DEB-0613666, DEB-0845071), UWM Research Growth Initiative, UWM Office for Undergraduate Research, and the UWM Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 65 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 6 U2 84 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 21 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 12 AR e52114 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0052114 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 065OW UT WOS:000313158800031 PM 23284889 ER PT J AU Montaser, R Paul, VJ Luesch, H AF Montaser, Rana Paul, Valerie J. Luesch, Hendrik TI Marine Cyanobacterial Fatty Acid Amides Acting on Cannabinoid Receptors SO CHEMBIOCHEM LA English DT Article DE amides; anti-inflammatory agents; cannabimimetics; malyngamides; marine cyanobacteria ID ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM; LYNGBYA-MAJUSCULA; ENDOGENOUS CANNABINOIDS; ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; MALYNGAMIDE-U; BRAIN; METABOLITES; PLANT C1 [Montaser, Rana; Luesch, Hendrik] Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Paul, Valerie J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Luesch, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM luesch@cop.ufl.edu FU National Institutes of Health, NIGMS [P41M086210] FX This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health, NIGMS Grant P41M086210. This is contribution 893 from the Smithsonian Marine Station. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4227 J9 CHEMBIOCHEM JI ChemBioChem PD DEC 21 PY 2012 VL 13 IS 18 BP 2676 EP 2681 DI 10.1002/cbic.201200502 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 057EV UT WOS:000312546300006 PM 23143757 ER PT J AU Gu, C Catalli, K Grocholski, B Gao, LL Alp, E Chow, P Xiao, YM Cynn, H Evans, WJ Shim, SH AF Gu, Chen Catalli, Krystle Grocholski, Brent Gao, Lili Alp, Ercan Chow, Paul Xiao, Yuming Cynn, Hyunchae Evans, William J. Shim, Sang-Heon TI Electronic structure of iron in magnesium silicate glasses at high pressure SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EARTHS DEEP MANTLE; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SPIN TRANSITION; PEROVSKITE; STATE AB A recent study attributed the source of an iron partitioning change between silicate melt and minerals at deep mantle conditions to a high-spin to low-spin change in iron, which was found in a Fe-diluted Mg-silicate glass at a similar pressure. We conducted X-ray emission spectroscopy and nuclear forward scattering on iron-rich Mg-silicate glasses at high pressure and 300 K in the diamond-anvil cell: Al-free glass up to 135 GPa and Al-bearing glass up to 93 GPa. In both glasses, the spin moment decreases gradually from 1 bar and does not reach a complete low-spin state even at the peak pressures of this study. The gradual change may be due to the existence of diverse coordination environments for iron in the glasses and continuous structural adjustment of the disordered system with pressure. If the result can be extrapolated to iron in mantle melts, the small, gradual changes in the spin state of iron may not be the dominant factor explaining the reported sudden change in the partitioning behavior of iron between silicate melt and minerals at lower-mantle pressures. Citation: Gu, C., K. Catalli, B. Grocholski, L. Gao, E. Alp, P. Chow, Y. Xiao, H. Cynn, W. J. Evans, and S.-H. Shim (2012), Electronic structure of iron in magnesium silicate glasses at high pressure, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L24304, doi:10.1029/2012GL053950. C1 [Gu, Chen] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Catalli, Krystle; Cynn, Hyunchae; Evans, William J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Grocholski, Brent] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Gao, Lili; Alp, Ercan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Sect 3, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chow, Paul; Xiao, Yuming] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Shim, Sang-Heon] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85278 USA. RP Shim, SH (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, 781 E Terrace Rd, Tempe, AZ 85278 USA. EM shdsim@asu.edu OI Shim, Sang-Heon/0000-0001-5203-6038 FU DOE by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; NSF [EAR-0968685]; DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank P. Asimow and D. Andrault for helpful comments that improved this paper. Use of Sector 3 was partially supported by COMPRES. Portions of this work were performed under the auspices of the DOE by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (W-7405-Eng-48). Use of HPCAT was supported by DOE-BES, DOE-NNSA, NSF, DOD-TACOM, and the W. M. Keck Foundation. Use of the APS was supported by the DOE (DE-AC02-06CH11357). This work is supported by NSF to S. H. S. (EAR-0968685). NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L24304 DI 10.1029/2012GL053950 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 061UN UT WOS:000312874000005 ER PT J AU Jordan, GC Perets, HB Fisher, RT van Rossum, DR AF Jordan, George C. Perets, Hagai B. Fisher, Robert T. van Rossum, Daniel R. TI FAILED-DETONATION SUPERNOVAE: SUBLUMINOUS LOW-VELOCITY Ia SUPERNOVAE AND THEIR KICKED REMNANT WHITE DWARFS WITH IRON-RICH CORES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; ISM: supernova remnants; supernovae: general; supernovae: individual (2002cx, 2008ha); white dwarfs ID DELAYED-DETONATION; DEFLAGRATION PHASE; SN 2002CX; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; IGNITION; PROGENITOR; EXPLOSION; EVOLUTION; UNIVERSE AB Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) originate from the thermonuclear explosions of carbon-oxygen (C-O) white dwarfs (WDs). The single-degenerate scenario is a well-explored model of SNe Ia where unstable thermonuclear burning initiates in an accreting, Chandrasekhar-mass WD and forms an advancing flame. By several proposed physical processes, the rising, burning material triggers a detonation, which subsequently consumes and unbinds the WD. However, if a detonation is not triggered and the deflagration is too weak to unbind the star, a completely different scenario unfolds. We explore the failure of the gravitationally confined detonation mechanism of SNe Ia, and demonstrate through two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulations the properties of failed-detonation SNe. We show that failed-detonation SNe expel a few 0.1 M-circle dot of burned and partially burned material and that a fraction of the material falls back onto the WD, polluting the remnant WD with intermediate-mass and iron-group elements that likely segregate to the core forming a WD whose core is iron rich. The remaining material is asymmetrically ejected at velocities comparable to the escape velocity from the WD, and in response, the WD is kicked to velocities of a few hundred km s(-1). These kicks may unbind the binary and eject a runaway/hypervelocity WD. Although the energy and ejected mass of the failed-detonation SN are a fraction of typical thermonuclear SNe, they are likely to appear as subluminous low-velocity SNe Ia. Such failed detonations might therefore explain or are related to the observed branch of peculiar SNe Ia, such as the family of low-velocity subluminous SNe (SN 2002cx/SN 2008ha-like SNe). C1 [Jordan, George C.; van Rossum, Daniel R.] Univ Chicago, Ctr Astrophys Thermonucl Flashes, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Jordan, George C.; van Rossum, Daniel R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Perets, Hagai B.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Perets, Hagai B.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fisher, Robert T.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Phys, N Dartmouth, MA 02740 USA. RP Jordan, GC (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Ctr Astrophys Thermonucl Flashes, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Fisher, Robert/J-8667-2014; Perets, Hagai/K-9605-2015 OI Fisher, Robert/0000-0001-8077-7255; Perets, Hagai/0000-0002-5004-199X FU CfA prize fellowship; BIKURA prize fellowship; US Department of Energy (DOE) [B523820]; National Science Foundation [AST-0909132]; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank the FLASH Code Group, the FLASH Astrophysics Group, and the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory. H. B. P. is supported by the CfA and BIKURA prize fellowships. This work was supported in part at the University of Chicago by the US Department of Energy (DOE) under contract B523820 to the ASC Alliances Center for Astrophysical Nuclear Flashes, and in part by the National Science Foundation under grant No. AST-0909132 for the "Petascale Computing of Thermonuclear Supernova Explosions." This research used computational resources awarded under the INCITE program at ALCF at ANL, which is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 39 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 2 AR L23 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/761/2/L23 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 056MP UT WOS:000312494600008 ER PT J AU Chakraborti, S Yadav, N Ray, A Smith, R Chandra, P Pooley, D AF Chakraborti, Sayan Yadav, Naveen Ray, Alak Smith, Randall Chandra, Poonam Pooley, David TI X-RAY EMISSION FROM SN 2004dj: A TALE OF TWO SHOCKS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; radio continuum: general; shock waves; stars: mass-loss; supernovae: individual (SN 2004dj); X-rays: general ID II-P SUPERNOVAE; RADIO-EMISSION; MASS-LOSS; NGC-2403; PROGENITOR; GALAXIES; REMNANTS; MODELS; 2002AP; STARS AB Type IIP (Plateau) supernovae are the most commonly observed variety of core-collapse events. They have been detected in a wide range of wavelengths from radio, through optical to X-rays. The standard picture of a Type IIP supernova has the blastwave interacting with the progenitor's circumstellar matter to produce a hot region bounded by a forward and a reverse shock. This region is thought to be responsible for most of the X-ray and radio emission from these objects. Yet the origin of X-rays from these supernovae is not well understood quantitatively. The relative contributions of particle acceleration and magnetic field amplification in generating the X-ray and radio emission need to be determined. In this work, we analyze archival Chandra observations of SN 2004dj, one of the nearest supernovae since SN 1987A, along with published radio and optical information. We determine the pre-explosion mass-loss rate, blastwave velocity, electron acceleration, and magnetic field amplification efficiencies. We find that a greater fraction of the thermal energy goes into accelerating electrons than into amplifying magnetic fields. We conclude that the X-ray emission arises out of a combination of inverse Compton scattering by non-thermal electrons accelerated in the forward shock and thermal emission from supernova ejecta heated by the reverse shock. C1 [Chakraborti, Sayan; Smith, Randall] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chandra, Poonam] Royal Mil Coll Canada, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada. [Pooley, David] Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Phys, Huntsville, TX 77340 USA. [Chakraborti, Sayan; Yadav, Naveen; Ray, Alak] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. RP Chakraborti, S (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Soc Fellows, 78 Mt Auburn St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM schakraborti@fas.harvard.edu OI Yadav, Naveen/0000-0002-4107-9443; Chakraborti, Sayan/0000-0001-6935-5174 NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 2 AR 100 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/100 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 050YH UT WOS:000312090300019 ER PT J AU Chomiuk, L Krauss, MI Rupen, MP Nelson, T Roy, N Sokoloski, JL Mukai, K Munari, U Mioduszewski, A Weston, J O'Brien, TJ Eyres, SPS Bode, MF AF Chomiuk, Laura Krauss, Miriam I. Rupen, Michael P. Nelson, Thomas Roy, Nirupam Sokoloski, Jennifer L. Mukai, Koji Munari, Ulisse Mioduszewski, Amy Weston, Jennifer O'Brien, Tim J. Eyres, Stewart P. S. Bode, Michael F. TI THE RADIO LIGHT CURVE OF THE GAMMA-RAY NOVA IN V407 CYG: THERMAL EMISSION FROM THE IONIZED SYMBIOTIC ENVELOPE, DEVOURED FROM WITHIN BY THE NOVA BLAST SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: symbiotic; novae, cataclysmic variables; radio continuum: stars; stars: individual (V407 Cygni) ID PERIOD-LUMINOSITY RELATION; MASS-LOSS RATES; RS-OPHIUCHI; IA SUPERNOVAE; RECURRENT NOVA; 2006 OUTBURST; CIRCUMSTELLAR MATERIAL; PROGENITOR SYSTEM; CLASSICAL NOVAE; BINARY-SYSTEMS AB We present multi-frequency radio observations of the 2010 nova event in the symbiotic binary V407 Cygni, obtained with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and spanning 1-45 GHz and 17-770 days following discovery. This nova-the first ever detected in gamma rays-shows a radio light curve dominated by the wind of the Mira giant companion, rather than the nova ejecta themselves. The radio luminosity grew as the wind became increasingly ionized by the nova outburst, and faded as the wind was violently heated from within by the nova shock. This study marks the first time that this physical mechanism has been shown to dominate the radio light curve of an astrophysical transient. We do not observe a thermal signature from the nova ejecta or synchrotron emission from the shock, due to the fact that these components were hidden behind the absorbing screen of the Mira wind. We estimate a mass-loss rate for the Mira wind of (M)over dot(w) approximate to 10(-6) M-circle dot yr(-1). We also present the only radio detection of V407 Cyg before the 2010 nova, gleaned from unpublished 1993 archival VLA data, which shows that the radio luminosity of the Mira wind varies by a factor of greater than or similar to 20 even in quiescence. Although V407 Cyg likely hosts a massive accreting white dwarf, making it a candidate progenitor system for a Type Ia supernova, the dense and radially continuous circumbinary material surrounding V407 Cyg is inconsistent with observational constraints on the environments of most Type Ia supernovae. C1 [Chomiuk, Laura; Krauss, Miriam I.; Rupen, Michael P.; Roy, Nirupam; Mioduszewski, Amy] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Chomiuk, Laura] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chomiuk, Laura] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Nelson, Thomas] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Sokoloski, Jennifer L.; Weston, Jennifer] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Mukai, Koji] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mukai, Koji] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mukai, Koji] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Munari, Ulisse] INAF Astron Observ Padova, I-36012 Asiago, VI, Italy. [O'Brien, Tim J.] Univ Manchester, Ctr Astrophys, Jodrell Bank, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Eyres, Stewart P. S.] Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. [Bode, Michael F.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. RP Chomiuk, L (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, POB O, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM chomiuk@pa.msu.edu OI Munari, Ulisse/0000-0001-6805-9664 NR 117 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 2 AR 173 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/173 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 050YH UT WOS:000312090300092 ER PT J AU Dawson, RI Johnson, JA Morton, TD Crepp, JR Fabrycky, DC Murray-Clay, RA Howard, AW AF Dawson, Rebekah I. Johnson, John Asher Morton, Timothy D. Crepp, Justin R. Fabrycky, Daniel C. Murray-Clay, Ruth A. Howard, Andrew W. TI THE PHOTOECCENTRIC EFFECT AND PROTO-HOT JUPITERS. II. KOI-1474.01, A CANDIDATE ECCENTRIC PLANET PERTURBED BY AN UNSEEN COMPANION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems ID TRANSIT TIMING OBSERVATIONS; SPIN-ORBIT ALIGNMENT; TRIPLE STELLAR-SYSTEMS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; LIGHT CURVES; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; TIDAL FRICTION; GIANT PLANETS; MASS PLANETS; KUIPER-BELT AB The exoplanets known as hot Jupiters-Jupiter-sized planets with periods of less than 10 days-likely are relics of dynamical processes that shape all planetary system architectures. Socrates et al. argued that high eccentricity migration (HEM) mechanisms proposed for situating these close-in planets should produce an observable population of highly eccentric proto-hot Jupiters that have not yet tidally circularized. HEM should also create failed-hot Jupiters, with periapses just beyond the influence of fast circularization. Using the technique we previously presented for measuring eccentricities from photometry (the "photoeccentric effect"), we are distilling a collection of eccentric proto- and failed-hot Jupiters from the Kepler Objects of Interest (KOI). Here, we present the first, KOI-1474.01, which has a long orbital period (69.7340 days) and a large eccentricity e = 0.81(-0.07)(+0.10), skirting the proto-hot Jupiter boundary. Combining Kepler photometry, ground-based spectroscopy, and stellar evolution models, we characterize host KOI-1474 as a rapidly rotating F star. Statistical arguments reveal that the transiting candidate has a low false-positive probability of 3.1%. KOI-1474.01 also exhibits transit-timing variations of the order of an hour. We explore characteristics of the third-body perturber, which is possibly the "smoking-gun" cause of KOI-1474.01's large eccentricity. We use the host star's period, radius, and projected rotational velocity to measure the inclination of the stellar spin. Comparing KOI 1474.01's inclination, we find that its orbit is marginally consistent with being aligned with the stellar spin axis, although a reanalysis is warranted with future additional data. Finally, we discuss how the number and existence of proto-hot Jupiters will not only demonstrate that hot Jupiters migrate via HEM, but also shed light on the typical timescale for the mechanism. C1 [Dawson, Rebekah I.; Murray-Clay, Ruth A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Johnson, John Asher; Morton, Timothy D.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Johnson, John Asher] NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst NExScI, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Crepp, Justin R.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Fabrycky, Daniel C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Howard, Andrew W.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Dawson, RI (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 10, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rdawson@cfa.harvard.edu RI Howard, Andrew/D-4148-2015; OI Howard, Andrew/0000-0001-8638-0320; Fabrycky, Daniel/0000-0003-3750-0183 FU National Science Foundation [DGE-1144152]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; NASA [HF-51272.01, NNX12AJ23G, NAS5-26555]; NASA Science Mission directorate; NASA Office of Space Science [NNX09AF08G] FX We thank the anonymous reviewer for the helpful and timely report. R.I.D. gratefully acknowledges support by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant DGE-1144152. J.A.J. acknowledges support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. D.C.F. (not to be confused with the DCF) is supported by NASA Hubble Fellowship HF-51272.01. A.W.H. acknowledges support from NASA Origins of Solar Systems grant NNX12AJ23G. We thank Zachary Berta, Joshua Carter, Courtney Dressing, Emily Fabrycky, Jonathan Irwin, Scott Kenyon, David Kipping, Maxwell Moe, Norman Murray, Smadar Naoz, and Roberto Sanchis Ojeda for helpful comments and discussions. Special thanks to J. Zachary Gazak for helpful modifications to the TAP code.; This paper includes data collected by the Kepler mission. Funding for the Kepler mission is provided by the NASA Science Mission directorate. Some of the data presented in this paper were obtained from the Multimission Archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Support for MAST for non-HST data is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science via grant NNX09AF08G and by other grants and contracts. NR 114 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 2 AR 163 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/163 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 050YH UT WOS:000312090300082 ER PT J AU Hynes, RI Wright, NJ Maccarone, TJ Jonker, PG Greiss, S Steeghs, D Torres, MAP Britt, CT Nelemans, G AF Hynes, Robert I. Wright, N. J. Maccarone, T. J. Jonker, P. G. Greiss, S. Steeghs, D. Torres, M. A. P. Britt, C. T. Nelemans, G. TI IDENTIFICATION OF GALACTIC BULGE SURVEY X-RAY SOURCES WITH TYCHO-2 STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: close; stars: activity; stars: emission-line, Be; stars: massive; surveys ID ALL-SKY SURVEY; POINT-SOURCE CATALOG; MILKY-WAY BULGE; H-II REGIONS; SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATIONS; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; VARIABLE-STARS; DATA RELEASE; O STARS AB We identify 69 X-ray sources discovered by the Galactic Bulge Survey (GBS) that are coincident with or very close to bright stars in the Tycho-2 catalog. Additionally, two other GBS sources are resolved binary companions to Tycho-2 stars where both components are separately detected in X-rays. Most of these are likely to be real matches, but we identify nine objects with large and significant X-ray-to-optical offsets as either detections of resolved binary companions or chance alignments. We collate known spectral types for these objects, and also examine Two Micron All Sky Survey colors, variability information from the All-Sky Automated Survey, and X-ray hardness ratios for the brightest objects. Nearly a third of the stars are found to be optically variable, divided roughly evenly between irregular variations and periodic modulations. All fall among the softest objects identified by the GBS. The sample forms a very mixed selection, ranging in spectral class from O9 to M3. In some cases, the X-ray emission appears consistent with normal coronal emission from late-type stars, or wind emission from early-types, but the sample also includes one known Algol, one W UMa system, two Be stars, and several X-ray bright objects likely to be coronally active stars or binaries. Surprisingly, a substantial fraction of the spectroscopically classified, non-coincidental sample (12 out of 38 objects) have late B or A type counterparts. Many of these exhibit redder near-IR colors than expected for their spectral type and/or variability, and it is likely that the X-rays originate from a late-type companion star in most or all of these objects. C1 [Hynes, Robert I.; Britt, C. T.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wright, N. J.; Jonker, P. G.; Steeghs, D.; Torres, M. A. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Maccarone, T. J.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Jonker, P. G.; Torres, M. A. P.] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Jonker, P. G.; Nelemans, G.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Greiss, S.; Steeghs, D.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Hynes, RI (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 202 Nicholson Hall,Tower Dr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM rih@phys.lsu.edu RI Nelemans, Gijs/D-3177-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Nelemans, Gijs/0000-0002-0752-2974; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 FU National Science Foundation [AST-0908789]; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory [GO2-13044B]; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research; STFC; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant No. AST-0908789 and by grant GO2-13044B from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. P.G.J. and G.N. acknowledge support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research. D.S. acknowledges an STFC Advanced Fellowship. T.J.M. thanks STFC for support via a rolling grant to the University of Southampton. R.I.H. thanks the Universities of Warwick and Southampton, and SRON, the Netherlands Institute for Space Research in Utrecht for their hospitality while much of this work was being done.; This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, and NASA's Astrophysics Data System. Finally we are very grateful to Dr. Eric Mamajek for making available his compilation of stellar colors and temperatures for dwarf stars. NR 97 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 2 AR 162 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/162 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 050YH UT WOS:000312090300081 ER PT J AU Mancone, CL Baker, T Gonzalez, AH Ashby, MLN Stanford, SA Brodwin, M Eisenhardt, PRM Snyder, G Stern, D Wright, EL AF Mancone, Conor L. Baker, Troy Gonzalez, Anthony H. Ashby, Matthew L. N. Stanford, Spencer A. Brodwin, Mark Eisenhardt, Peter R. M. Snyder, Greg Stern, Daniel Wright, Edward L. TI THE FAINT END OF THE CLUSTER-GALAXY LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AT HIGH REDSHIFT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; galaxies: luminosity function, mass ID SIMILAR-TO 1; STELLAR POPULATION SYNTHESIS; STAR-FORMATION HISTORIES; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; IRAC SHALLOW SURVEY; RED SEQUENCE; COMA CLUSTER; INTRACLUSTER STARS; DENSITY RELATION AB We measure the faint-end slope of the galaxy luminosity function (LF) for cluster galaxies at 1 < z < 1.5 using Spitzer IRAC data. We investigate whether this slope, alpha, differs from that of the field LF at these redshifts, and with the cluster LF at low redshifts. The latter is of particular interest as low-luminosity galaxies are expected to undergo significant evolution. We use seven high-redshift spectroscopically confirmed galaxy clusters drawn from the IRAC Shallow Cluster Survey to measure the cluster-galaxy LF down to depths of M*+3 (3.6 mu m) andM*+2.5 (4.5 mu m). The summed LF at our median cluster redshift (z = 1.35) is well fit by a Schechter distribution with alpha(3.6 mu m) = -0.97 +/- 0.14 and alpha(4.5 mu m) = -0.91 +/- 0.28, consistent with a flat faint-end slope and is in agreement with measurements of the field LF in similar bands at these redshifts. A comparison to alpha in low-redshift clusters finds no statistically significant evidence of evolution. Combined with past studies which show that M* is passively evolving out to z similar to 1.3, this means that the shape of the cluster LF is largely in place by z similar to 1.3. This suggests that the processes that govern the buildup of the mass of low-mass cluster galaxies have no net effect on the faint-end slope of the cluster LF at z less than or similar to 1.3. C1 [Mancone, Conor L.; Baker, Troy; Gonzalez, Anthony H.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ashby, Matthew L. N.; Snyder, Greg] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stanford, Spencer A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stanford, Spencer A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Brodwin, Mark] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Eisenhardt, Peter R. M.; Stern, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wright, Edward L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Mancone, CL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM cmancone@astro.ufl.edu FU NASA [NAS 5-26555, HST-GO-10496]; National Science Foundation [AST-00708490]; [P78]; [P30950]; [GO-10496] FX This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. The observations are associated with programs P78 and P30950. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the Data Archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The observations are associated with program GO-10496. C. L. M. and A. H. G. acknowledge support for this work from the National Science Foundation under grant AST-00708490. A. H. G., M. B., and S. A. S. also acknowledge support from NASA through grant HST-GO-10496. NR 70 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 2 AR 141 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/141 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 050YH UT WOS:000312090300060 ER PT J AU Semler, DR Suhada, R Aird, KA Ashby, MLN Bautz, M Bayliss, M Bazin, G Bocquet, S Benson, BA Bleem, LE Brodwin, M Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Cho, HM Clocchiatti, A Crawford, TM Crites, AT de Haan, T Desai, S Dobbs, MA Dudley, JP Foley, RJ George, EM Gladders, MD Gonzalez, AH Halverson, NW Harrington, NL High, FW Holder, GP Holzapfel, WL Hoover, S Hrubes, JD Jones, C Joy, M Keisler, R Knox, L Lee, AT Leitch, EM Liu, J Lueker, M Luong-Van, D Mantz, A Marrone, DP McDonald, M McMahon, JJ Mehl, J Meyer, SS Mocanu, L Mohr, JJ Montroy, TE Murray, SS Natoli, T Padin, S Plagge, T Pryke, C Reichardt, CL Rest, A Ruel, J Ruhl, JE Saliwanchik, BR Saro, A Sayre, JT Schaffer, KK Shaw, L Shirokoff, E Song, J Spieler, HG Stalder, B Staniszewski, Z Stark, AA Story, K Stubbs, CW van Engelen, A Vanderlinde, K Vieira, JD Vikhlinin, A Williamson, R Zahn, O Zenteno, A AF Semler, D. R. Suhada, R. Aird, K. A. Ashby, M. L. N. Bautz, M. Bayliss, M. Bazin, G. Bocquet, S. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. M. Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. de Haan, T. Desai, S. Dobbs, M. A. Dudley, J. P. Foley, R. J. George, E. M. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. Harrington, N. L. High, F. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hoover, S. Hrubes, J. D. Jones, C. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Liu, J. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Mantz, A. Marrone, D. P. McDonald, M. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mocanu, L. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Murray, S. S. Natoli, T. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, A. Ruel, J. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Saro, A. Sayre, J. T. Schaffer, K. K. Shaw, L. Shirokoff, E. Song, J. Spieler, H. G. Stalder, B. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, A. A. Story, K. Stubbs, C. W. van Engelen, A. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Vikhlinin, A. Williamson, R. Zahn, O. Zenteno, A. TI HIGH-REDSHIFT COOL-CORE GALAXY CLUSTERS DETECTED VIA THE SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT IN THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; X-RAY; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; BRIGHTEST CLUSTER; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; EVOLUTION; RADIO; CATALOG; SAMPLE; FLOWS AB We report the first investigation of cool-core properties of galaxy clusters selected via their Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect. We use 13 galaxy clusters uniformly selected from 178 deg(2) observed with the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and followed up by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. They form an approximately mass-limited sample (>3 x 10(14) M-circle dot h(70)(-1)) spanning redshifts 0.3 < z < 1.1. Using previously published X-ray-selected cluster samples, we compare two proxies of cool-core strength: surface brightness concentration (c(SB)) and cuspiness (alpha). We find that c(SB) is better constrained. We measure c(SB) for the SPT sample and find several new z > 0.5 cool-core clusters, including two strong cool cores. This rules out the hypothesis that there are no z > 0.5 clusters that qualify as strong cool cores at the 5.4 sigma level. The fraction of strong cool-core clusters in the SPT sample in this redshift regime is between 7% and 56% (95% confidence). Although the SPT selection function is significantly different from the X-ray samples, the high-z c(SB) distribution for the SPT sample is statistically consistent with that of X-ray-selected samples at both low and high redshifts. The cool-core strength is inversely correlated with the offset between the brightest cluster galaxy and the X-ray centroid, providing evidence that the dynamical state affects the cool-core strength of the cluster. Larger SZ-selected samples will be crucial in understanding the evolution of cluster cool cores over cosmic time. C1 [Semler, D. R.; Suhada, R.; Bazin, G.; Bocquet, S.; Desai, S.; Liu, J.; Mohr, J. J.; Saro, A.; Zenteno, A.] Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Ashby, M. L. N.; Bayliss, M.; Foley, R. J.; Jones, C.; Murray, S. S.; Stalder, B.; Stark, A. A.; Stubbs, C. W.; Vikhlinin, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bautz, M.; McDonald, M.] MIT, MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bayliss, M.; Ruel, J.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bazin, G.; Desai, S.; Liu, J.; Mohr, J. J.; Zenteno, A.] Excellence Cluster Univ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Gladders, M. D.; High, F. W.; Hoover, S.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E. M.; Mantz, A.; McMahon, J. J.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Mocanu, L.; Natoli, T.; Padin, S.; Plagge, T.; Schaffer, K. K.; Story, K.; Vieira, J. D.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Keisler, R.; Meyer, S. S.; Natoli, T.; Story, K.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Brodwin, M.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Hoover, S.; McMahon, J. J.; Meyer, S. S.; Schaffer, K. K.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Gladders, M. D.; High, F. W.; Leitch, E. M.; Mantz, A.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Mocanu, L.; Padin, S.; Plagge, T.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cho, H. M.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Clocchiatti, A.] Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [de Haan, T.; Dobbs, M. A.; Dudley, J. P.; Holder, G. P.; Shaw, L.; van Engelen, A.; Vanderlinde, K.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [George, E. M.; Harrington, N. L.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Lueker, M.; Reichardt, C. L.; Shirokoff, E.; Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gonzalez, A. H.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Joy, M.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Knox, L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lee, A. T.; Spieler, H. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lueker, M.; Padin, S.; Shirokoff, E.; Vieira, J. D.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Marrone, D. P.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McMahon, J. J.; Song, J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mohr, J. J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Montroy, T. E.; Ruhl, J. E.; Saliwanchik, B. R.; Sayre, J. T.; Staniszewski, Z.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Educ & Res Cosmol & Astrophys, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Rest, A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Schaffer, K. K.] Sch Art Inst Chicago, Liberal Arts Dept, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Shaw, L.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zahn, O.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Semler, DR (reprint author), Univ Munich, Dept Phys, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany. RI Williamson, Ross/H-1734-2015; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012 OI Marrone, Daniel/0000-0002-2367-1080; Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518; Williamson, Ross/0000-0002-6945-2975; Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; Stark, Antony/0000-0002-2718-9996; Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724 FU National Science Foundation [ANT-0638937]; The Cluster of Excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe"; Excellence Initiative of the Federal Government of Germany, EXC [153]; Chandra X-ray Observatory Center [GO2-13006A]; NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0114422]; Kavli Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NSF [AST-1009012, AST-1009649, MRI-0723073]; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs program; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; NASA [NAS 8-03060, HST-HF-51308.01]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [GO0-1114, NAS8-03060]; Clay Fellowship; KICP Fellowship; Pennsylvania State University [2834-MIT-SAO-4018]; Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship; Smithsonian Institution; Brinson Foundation FX The South Pole Telescope program is supported by the National Science Foundation through grant ANT-0638937. The Munich group is supported by The Cluster of Excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe," funded by the Excellence Initiative of the Federal Government of Germany, EXC project No. 153. Galaxy cluster research at the University of Chicago is partially supported by Chandra award No. GO2-13006A issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center. Partial support is also provided by the NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Kavli Foundation, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Galaxy cluster research at Harvard is supported by NSF grant AST-1009012. Galaxy cluster research at SAO is supported in part by NSF grants AST-1009649 and MRI-0723073. The McGill group acknowledges funding from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs program, and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. X-ray research at the CfA is supported through NASA contract NAS 8-03060. Support for X-ray analysis is provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Chandra award No. GO0-1114 issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. R.J.F. is supported by a Clay Fellowship. B. A. B is supported by a KICP Fellowship. M. Bautz and M. M acknowledge support from contract 2834-MIT-SAO-4018 from the Pennsylvania State University to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. M. M acknowledges support from NASA Hubble fellowship grant HST-HF-51308.01. M. D. acknowledges support from an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship, C.J. acknowledges support from the Smithsonian Institution, and B. S. acknowledges support from the Brinson Foundation. The authors thank Marcella Brusa for her helpful discussion. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 2 AR 183 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/183 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 050YH UT WOS:000312090300102 ER PT J AU Siverd, RJ Beatty, TG Pepper, J Eastman, JD Collins, K Bieryla, A Latham, DW Buchhave, LA Jensen, ELN Crepp, JR Street, R Stassun, KG Gaudi, BS Berlind, P Calkins, ML DePoy, DL Esquerdo, GA Fulton, BJ Furesz, G Geary, JC Gould, A Hebb, L Kielkopf, JF Marshall, JL Pogge, R Stanek, KZ Stefanik, RP Szentgyorgyi, AH Trueblood, M Trueblood, P Stutz, AM van Saders, JL AF Siverd, Robert J. Beatty, Thomas G. Pepper, Joshua Eastman, Jason D. Collins, Karen Bieryla, Allyson Latham, David W. Buchhave, Lars A. Jensen, Eric L. N. Crepp, Justin R. Street, Rachel Stassun, Keivan G. Gaudi, B. Scott Berlind, Perry Calkins, Michael L. DePoy, D. L. Esquerdo, Gilbert A. Fulton, Benjamin J. Furesz, Gabor Geary, John C. Gould, Andrew Hebb, Leslie Kielkopf, John F. Marshall, Jennifer L. Pogge, Richard Stanek, K. Z. Stefanik, Robert P. Szentgyorgyi, Andrew H. Trueblood, Mark Trueblood, Patricia Stutz, Amelia M. van Saders, Jennifer L. TI KELT-1b: A STRONGLY IRRADIATED, HIGHLY INFLATED, SHORT PERIOD, 27 JUPITER-MASS COMPANION TRANSITING A MID-F STAR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars: individual: KELT-1, TYC 2785-2130-1; techniques: photometric; techniques: spectroscopic ID EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; DWARF ECLIPSING BINARY; SUN-LIKE STAR; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; RAPIDLY ROTATING STARS; HYDROGEN-BURNING LIMIT; OPEN CLUSTER M37; LIGHT CURVES; BROWN DWARFS; HOT JUPITERS AB We present the discovery of KELT-1b, the first transiting low-mass companion from the wide-field Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope-North (KELT-North) transit survey. A joint analysis of the spectroscopic, radial velocity, and photometric data indicates that the V = 10.7 primary is a mildly evolved mid-F star with T-eff = 6516 +/- 49 K, log g = 4.228(-0.021)(+0.014), and [Fe/H] = 0.052 +/- 0.079, with an inferred mass M* = 1.335 +/- 0.063M(circle dot) and radius R* = 1.471(-0.035)(+0.045) R-circle dot. The companion is a low-mass brown dwarf or a super-massive planet with mass M-P = 27.38 +/- 0.93 M-Jup and radius R-P = 1.116(-0.029)(+0.038) R-Jup. The companion is on a very short (similar to 29 hr) period circular orbit, with an ephemeris T-c(BJD(TDB)) = 2455909.29280 +/- 0.00023 and P = 1.217501 +/- 0.000018 days. KELT-1b receives a large amount of stellar insolation, resulting in an estimated equilibrium temperature assuming zero albedo and perfect redistribution of T-eq = 2423(-27)(+34) K. Comparison with standard evolutionary models suggests that the radius of KELT-1b is likely to be significantly inflated. Adaptive optics imaging reveals a candidate stellar companion to KELT-1 with a separation of 588 +/- 1 mas, which is consistent with an M dwarf if it is at the same distance as the primary. Rossiter-McLaughlin measurements during transit imply a projected spin-orbit alignment angle lambda = 2 +/- 16 deg, consistent with a zero obliquity for KELT-1. Finally, the v sin I* = 56 +/- 2 km s(-1) of the primary is consistent at similar to 2 sigma with tidal synchronization. Given the extreme parameters of the KELT-1 system, we expect it to provide an important testbed for theories of the emplacement and evolution of short-period companions, as well as theories of tidal dissipation and irradiated brown dwarf atmospheres. C1 [Siverd, Robert J.; Pepper, Joshua; Stassun, Keivan G.; Hebb, Leslie] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Beatty, Thomas G.; Gaudi, B. Scott; Gould, Andrew; Pogge, Richard; Stanek, K. Z.; van Saders, Jennifer L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Eastman, Jason D.; Street, Rachel; Fulton, Benjamin J.] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope Network, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. [Eastman, Jason D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys Broida Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Collins, Karen; Kielkopf, John F.] Univ Louisville, Dept Phys & Astron, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Bieryla, Allyson; Latham, David W.; Berlind, Perry; Calkins, Michael L.; Esquerdo, Gilbert A.; Furesz, Gabor; Geary, John C.; Stefanik, Robert P.; Szentgyorgyi, Andrew H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Buchhave, Lars A.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Buchhave, Lars A.] Geol Museum, Ctr Star & Planet Format, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Jensen, Eric L. N.] Swarthmore Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. [Crepp, Justin R.] CALTECH, Dept Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Crepp, Justin R.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Stassun, Keivan G.] Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [DePoy, D. L.; Marshall, Jennifer L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [DePoy, D. L.] Texas A&M Univ, George P & Cynthia Woods Mitchell Inst Fundamenta, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Fulton, Benjamin J.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Trueblood, Mark; Trueblood, Patricia] Winer Observ, Sonoita, AZ 85637 USA. [Stutz, Amelia M.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Stutz, Amelia M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Stutz, Amelia M.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Siverd, RJ (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. OI Eastman, Jason/0000-0003-3773-5142; Jensen, Eric/0000-0002-4625-7333; Buchhave, Lars A./0000-0003-1605-5666; Stutz, Amelia/0000-0003-2300-8200; Pepper, Joshua/0000-0002-3827-8417 FU NASA [NNG04GO70G]; NSF [AST-1056524]; National Science Foundation's PREST [AST-0721386]; NASA Kentucky Space Grant Consortium; Vanderbilt Office of the Provost through the Vanderbilt Initiative in Data-intensive Astrophysics; National Science Foundation through PAARE [AST-0849736]; National Science Foundation through AAG [AST-1009810]; Kepler Mission through NASA [NNX11AB99A]; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory FX We particularly thank Bruce Gary for acquiring and reducing the data from HAO, Saurav Dhital for estimating the chance probability of a close companion, and Bence Beky and the HAT-Net team for giving up one night on the FLWO 1.2 m on short notice. We thank Subo Dong, Jonathan Fortney, Fred Rasio, and Aristotle Socrates for useful discussions. We thank the referee, John Southworth, for a prompt and helpful report. Early work on KELT-North was supported by NASA Grant NNG04GO70G. Work by B.S.G., J.D.E., and T.G.B. was partially supported by NSF CAREER Grant AST-1056524. E.L.N.J. thanks Chris Capron and Peng Zhao for help with these observations, and gratefully acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation's PREST program, which helped to establish the Peter van de Kamp Observatory through grant AST-0721386. K.A.C. was supported by a NASA Kentucky Space Grant Consortium Graduate Fellowship. J.A.P. and K.G.S. acknowledge support from the Vanderbilt Office of the Provost through the Vanderbilt Initiative in Data-intensive Astrophysics. K.G.S. and L.H. acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation through PAARE grant AST-0849736 and AAG grant AST-1009810. The TRES and KeplerCam observations were obtained with partial support from the Kepler Mission through NASA Cooperative Agreement NNX11AB99A with the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, PI: D.W.L. NR 189 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 2 AR 123 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/123 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 050YH UT WOS:000312090300042 ER PT J AU Yan, HJ Finkelstein, SL Huang, KH Ryan, RE Ferguson, HC Koekemoer, AM Grogin, NA Dickinson, M Newman, JA Somerville, RS Dave, R Faber, SM Papovich, C Guo, YC Giavalisco, M Lee, KS Reddy, N Cooray, AR Siana, BD Hathi, NP Fazio, GG Ashby, M Weiner, BJ Lucas, RA Dekel, A Pentericci, L Conselice, CJ Kocevski, DD Lai, K AF Yan, Haojing Finkelstein, Steven L. Huang, Kuang-Han Ryan, Russell E. Ferguson, Henry C. Koekemoer, Anton M. Grogin, Norman A. Dickinson, Mark Newman, Jeffrey A. Somerville, Rachel S. Dave, Romeel Faber, S. M. Papovich, Casey Guo, Yicheng Giavalisco, Mauro Lee, Kyoung-soo Reddy, Naveen Cooray, Asantha R. Siana, Brian D. Hathi, Nimish P. Fazio, Giovanni G. Ashby, Matthew Weiner, Benjamin J. Lucas, Ray A. Dekel, Avishai Pentericci, Laura Conselice, Christopher J. Kocevski, Dale D. Lai, Kamson TI LUMINOUS AND HIGH STELLAR MASS CANDIDATE GALAXIES AT z approximate to 8 DISCOVERED IN THE COSMIC ASSEMBLY NEAR-INFRARED DEEP EXTRAGALACTIC LEGACY SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; galaxies: luminosity function, mass function ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; EARLY RELEASE SCIENCE; SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; ARRAY CAMERA OBSERVATIONS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GREATER-THAN 7; BRIGHT END; WFC3/IR OBSERVATIONS AB One key goal of the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Assembly Near-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey is to track galaxy evolution back to z approximate to 8. Its two-tiered "wide and deep" strategy bridges significant gaps in existing near-infrared surveys. Here we report on z approximate to 8 galaxy candidates selected as F105W-band dropouts in one of its deep fields, which covers 50.1 arcmin(2) to 4 ks depth in each of three near-infrared bands in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey southern field. Two of our candidates have J < 26.2 mag, and are >1 mag brighter than any previously known F105W-dropouts. We derive constraints on the bright end of the rest-frame ultraviolet luminosity function of galaxies at z approximate to 8, and show that the number density of such very bright objects is higher than expected from the previous Schechter luminosity function estimates at this redshift. Another two candidates are securely detected in Spitzer Infrared Array Camera images, which are the first such individual detections at z approximate to 8. Their derived stellar masses are on the order of a few x 10(9) M-circle dot, from which we obtain the first measurement of the high-mass end of the galaxy stellar mass function at z approximate to 8. The high number density of very luminous and very massive galaxies at z approximate to 8, if real, could imply a large stellar-to-halo mass ratio and an efficient conversion of baryons to stars at such an early time. C1 [Yan, Haojing] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Finkelstein, Steven L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Huang, Kuang-Han] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ryan, Russell E.; Ferguson, Henry C.; Koekemoer, Anton M.; Grogin, Norman A.; Lucas, Ray A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Dickinson, Mark] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Newman, Jeffrey A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Somerville, Rachel S.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Dave, Romeel] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Faber, S. M.; Kocevski, Dale D.; Lai, Kamson] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Papovich, Casey] Texas A&M Univ, George P & Cynthia Woods Mitchell Inst Fundamenta, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Papovich, Casey] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Guo, Yicheng; Giavalisco, Mauro] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Lee, Kyoung-soo] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Reddy, Naveen; Siana, Brian D.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys & Astron, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Cooray, Asantha R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Hathi, Nimish P.] Observ Carnegie Inst Sci, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Fazio, Giovanni G.; Ashby, Matthew] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Weiner, Benjamin J.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dekel, Avishai] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Pentericci, Laura] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, RM, Italy. [Conselice, Christopher J.] Univ Nottingham, Ctr Astron & Particle Theory, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Yan, HJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Conselice, Christopher/B-4348-2013; Hathi, Nimish/J-7092-2014 OI Hathi, Nimish/0000-0001-6145-5090 FU NASA [HST-GO-11192.1, NAS5-26555]; NASA through Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-GO-12060] FX We thank the referee for the useful comments, which improved the quality of this work. We also thank B. Mobasher and J. Dunlop for their comments on an earlier version of this paper. H.Y. acknowledges the support of NASA grant HST-GO-11192.1. Support for Program number HST-GO-12060 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. NR 66 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 2 AR 177 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/177 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 050YH UT WOS:000312090300096 ER PT J AU Zhu, L Di Stefano, R Wyrzykowski, L AF Zhu, Ling Di Stefano, Rosanne Wyrzykowski, Lukasz TI RESULTS FROM LONG-TERM OPTICAL MONITORING OF THE SOFT X-RAY TRANSIENT SAX J1810.8-2609 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: individual: SAX J1810.8-2609; stars: neutron ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; GALACTIC BULGE; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; 2002 OUTBURST; BLACK-HOLES; BINARIES; QUIESCENCE; SYSTEMS; LIGHT; MODEL AB In this paper, we report the long-term optical observation of the faint soft X-ray transient SAX J1810.8-2609 from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) and Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics (MOA). We have focused on the 2007 outburst, and also cross-correlated its optical light curves and quasi-simultaneous X-ray observations from RXTE/Swift. Both the optical and X-ray light curves of the 2007 outburst show multi-peak features. Quasi-simultaneous optical/X-ray luminosity shows that both the X-ray reprocessing and viscously thermal emission can explain the observed optical flux. There is a slight X-ray delay of 0.6 +/- 0.3 days during the first peak, while the X-ray emission lags the optical emission by similar to 2 days during the rebrightening stage, which suggests that X-ray reprocessing emission contributes significantly to the optical flux in the first peak, but the viscously heated disk origin dominates it during rebrightening. This implies variation of the physical environment of the outer disk, with even the source remaining in a low/hard state during the entire outburst. The similar to 2 day X-ray lag indicates a small accretion disk in the system, and its optical counterpart was not detected by OGLE and MOA during quiescence, which constrained it to be fainter than M-I = 7.5 mag. There is a suspected short-time optical flare detected at MJD = 52583.5 with no detected X-ray counterpart; this single flux increase implies a magnetic loop reconnection in the outer disk, as proposed by Zurita et al. The observations cover all stages of the outburst; however, due to the low sensitivity of RXTE/ASM, we cannot conclude whether it is an optical precursor at the initial rise of the outburst. C1 [Zhu, Ling; Di Stefano, Rosanne] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zhu, Ling] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Ling] Tsinghua Univ, Tsinghua Ctr Astrophys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wyrzykowski, Lukasz] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Wyrzykowski, Lukasz] Warsaw Univ, Astron Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. RP Zhu, L (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM zhul04@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 2 AR 118 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/118 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 050YH UT WOS:000312090300037 ER PT J AU Jorger, KM Norenburg, JL Wilson, NG Schrodl, M AF Joerger, Katharina M. Norenburg, Jon L. Wilson, Nerida G. Schroedl, Michael TI Barcoding against a paradox? Combined molecular species delineations reveal multiple cryptic lineages in elusive meiofaunal sea slugs SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID XENOTRICHULA-INTERMEDIA GASTROTRICHA; ACOCHLIDIAN GASTROPOD; DNA TAXONOMY; MILASCHEWITCHII KOWALEVSKY; HETEROBRANCHIA ACOCHLIDIA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; 3D VISUALIZATION; SEQUENCE DATA; RAPD-PCR; DELIMITATION AB Background: Many marine meiofaunal species are reported to have wide distributions, which creates a paradox considering their hypothesized low dispersal abilities. Correlated with this paradox is an especially high taxonomic deficit for meiofauna, partly related to a lower taxonomic effort and partly to a high number of putative cryptic species. Molecular-based species delineation and barcoding approaches have been advocated for meiofaunal biodiversity assessments to speed up description processes and uncover cryptic lineages. However, these approaches show sensitivity to sampling coverage (taxonomic and geographic) and the success rate has never been explored on mesopsammic Mollusca. Results: We collected the meiofaunal sea-slug Pontohedyle (Acochlidia, Heterobranchia) from 28 localities worldwide. With a traditional morphological approach, all specimens fall into two morphospecies. However, with a multi-marker genetic approach, we reveal multiple lineages that are reciprocally monophyletic on single and concatenated gene trees in phylogenetic analyses. These lineages are largely concordant with geographical and oceanographic parameters, leading to our primary species hypothesis (PSH). In parallel, we apply four independent methods of molecular based species delineation: General Mixed Yule Coalescent model (GMYC), statistical parsimony, Bayesian Species Delineation (BPP) and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD). The secondary species hypothesis (SSH) is gained by relying only on uncontradicted results of the different approaches ('minimum consensus approach'), resulting in the discovery of a radiation of (at least) 12 mainly cryptic species, 9 of them new to science, some sympatric and some allopatric with respect to ocean boundaries. However, the meiofaunal paradox still persists in some Pontohedyle species identified here with wide coastal and trans-archipelago distributions. Conclusions: Our study confirms extensive, morphologically cryptic diversity among meiofauna and accentuates the taxonomic deficit that characterizes meiofauna research. We observe for Pontohedyle slugs a high degree of morphological simplicity and uniformity, which we expect might be a general rule for meiofauna. To tackle cryptic diversity in little explored and hard-to-sample invertebrate taxa, at present, a combined approach seems most promising, such as multi-marker-barcoding (i.e., molecular systematics using mitochondrial and nuclear markers and the criterion of reciprocal monophyly) combined with a minimum consensus approach across independent methods of molecular species delineation to define candidate species. C1 [Joerger, Katharina M.; Schroedl, Michael] Bavarian State Collect Zool, Mollusca Dept, D-81247 Munich, Germany. [Joerger, Katharina M.; Schroedl, Michael] Univ Munich, Dept Biol 2, BioZentrum Martinsried, D-82152 Planegg Martinsried, Germany. [Norenburg, Jon L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Wilson, Nerida G.] Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. RP Jorger, KM (reprint author), Bavarian State Collect Zool, Mollusca Dept, Munchhausenstr 21, D-81247 Munich, Germany. EM Katharina.Joerger@zsm.mwn.de RI Wilson, Nerida/G-8433-2011; Norenburg, Jon/K-3481-2015 OI Wilson, Nerida/0000-0002-0784-0200; Norenburg, Jon/0000-0001-7776-1527 FU Volkswagen Foundation; Australian Museum; Moorea Biocode project; DFG [SCHR667/4]; Smithsonian Marine Science Network; Biodiversity Synthesis Group of the Encyclopedia of Life FX We are especially grateful to our colleagues and friends for sharing material, assistance in the field and support with sampling permits: Gustav Mamangkey and Fontje Kaligis (Indonesia), Yuri Hooker (Peru), Peter Ryall and Timea Neusser (Ghana), Proyeto Mar and Luiz Simone (Brazil), Bastian Brenzinger (Croatia), Greg Rouse (Moorea), Red Sea Environmental Center (Egypt), Sascha Martynov (Black Sea), the organizers of the World Congress for Malacology (Thailand) and the Dumbarton Agricultural Station (St. Vincent). Thanks to Julia Sigwart (Queens University Belfast) for collecting Asperspina brambelli. Katrine Worsaae (University of Copenhagen), Rick Hochberg (University of Massachusetts, Lowell) and the rest of the Encyclopedia of Life Meiofauna workshop are thanked for sorting material in the Caribbean and Barbara Eder (ZSM) for help in documenting and fixing specimens from Bocas del Toro, Panama. This study received funding by a PhD scholarship of the Volkswagen Foundation to KMJ. NGW was supported by the Australian Museum and the Moorea Biocode project. Field activities were supported by DFG SCHR667/4 to MS. The GeoBio Center LMU provided diving equipment. The study was supported in part by funds to JLN from the Smithsonian Marine Science Network and the Biodiversity Synthesis Group of the Encyclopedia of Life. This is contribution Nr. 933 of the Smithsonian CCRE program in Belize. We wish to thank two anonymous referees for helpful discussion on the manuscript. NR 103 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 59 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD DEC 18 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 245 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-12-245 PG 18 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 091LB UT WOS:000315049800001 PM 23244441 ER PT J AU Vari, RP Ferraris, CJ Skelton, PH AF Vari, Richard P. Ferraris, Carl J., Jr. Skelton, Paul H. TI New Species of Congoglanis (Siluriformes: Amphiliidae) from the Southern Congo River Basin SO COPEIA LA English DT Article AB A new species of catfish of the subfamily Doumeinae, of the African family Amphiliidae, was discovered from the Kasai River system in northeastern Angola and given the name Congoglanis howesi The new species exhibits a combination of proportional body measurements that readily distinguishes it from all congeners. This brings to four the number of species of Congoglanis, all of which are endemic to the Congo River basin. C1 [Vari, Richard P.] Smithsonian Inst, Div Fishes, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Skelton, Paul H.] S African Inst Aquat Biodivers, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. RP Vari, RP (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Div Fishes, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,WG-14,MRC 159, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM varir@si.edu; carlferraris@comcast.net; p.skelton@saiab.ac.za FU Herbert R. and Evelyn Axelrod Chair in Systematic Ichthyology; SAIAB, a National Research Facility of the National Research Foundation (South Africa) FX Support for this project was provided to RPV and CJF by the Herbert R. and Evelyn Axelrod Chair in Systematic Ichthyology and to PHS by SAIAB, a National Research Facility of the National Research Foundation (South Africa). We thank B. Brown (AMNH), J. Friel (CU), K. Hartel (MCZ), J. Snoeks, E. Vreven, and M. Parrent (MRAC) for the loan of specimens. Radiographs and other assistance during the study were provided by S. Raredon and J. Clayton (USNM). Figure 1 was prepared by T. Griswold and Figure 2 by W. Coetzer (SAIAB). NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 18 PY 2012 IS 4 BP 626 EP 630 DI 10.1643/CI-12-029 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 063DL UT WOS:000312976300004 ER PT J AU Fernandez, L Vari, RP AF Fernandez, Luis Vari, Richard P. TI New Species of Trichomycterus (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from the Andean Cordillera of Argentina and the Second Record of the Genus in Thermal Waters SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-AMERICA TELEOSTEI; CATFISH; SILVINICHTHYS; REVISION; FISH AB Trichomycterus minus, new species, is described from an Andean stream in Provincia de Catamarca, Argentina. The new species is distinguished from congeners by the number of supraorbital pores, the form of the supraorbital canal within the frontal, the length of the lateral line canal, the shape of the supraorbital tendon bone, the size of the premaxilla, the form of the barbels, an absence of a thick layer of rugose fatty tissue on the head and body, the number and degree of exposure of odontodes on the interopercle, the limited compression of the caudal peduncle, details of pigmentation, the number of premaxillary tooth rows, and the head form from a dorsal view. Trichomycterus corduvensis is recorded from thermal waters, the second locality known to be inhabited by members of the genus. C1 [Fernandez, Luis] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Fdn Lillo, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Fernandez, Luis] IBIGEO Inst Bio & Geociencias Salta, RA-4400 Salta, Argentina. [Vari, Richard P.] Smithsonian Inst, Div Fishes, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Fernandez, L (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Fdn Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. EM luis1813@yahoo.com; varir@si.edu FU PIP (Proyecto Investigacion Plurianual, CONICET) [11420090100321]; Programa Raices [404/08 106/09]; Herbert R. and Evelyn Axelrod fund, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution FX Research associated with this project was supported by PIP (Proyecto Investigacion Plurianual, CONICET) project no. 11420090100321, Programa Raices no. 404/08 106/09, and the Herbert R. and Evelyn Axelrod fund, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. For loans and other assistance we thank M. Arraya, R. Arriendel, A. Bentley, B. Brown, P. Buckup, F. Carvajal, D. Catania, G. Chiaramonte, G. Gonzo, K. Hartel, V. Jerez, J. Lima de Figueiredo, F. Lobo, H. Lopez, J. Maclaine, L. Malabarba, M. Maldonado, V. Martinez, D. Nelson, H. Ortega, O. Oyakawa, L. Protogino, R. Reis, M. Retzer, R. Robins, M. Rogers, M. Sabaj Perez, S. Schaefer, S. Valdecantos, and M. Velasquez. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 18 PY 2012 IS 4 BP 631 EP 636 DI 10.1643/CI-12-035 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 063DL UT WOS:000312976300005 ER PT J AU Mitchell, A Li, R Brown, JW Schonberger, I Wen, J AF Mitchell, Anthony Li, Rong Brown, Joseph W. Schoenberger, Ines Wen, Jun TI Ancient divergence and biogeography of Raukaua (Araliaceae) and close relatives in the southern hemisphere SO AUSTRALIAN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; DNA-SEQUENCE DATA; NEW-ZEALAND; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GOODBYE GONDWANA; TERRESTRIAL FAUNA; FLOWERING PLANTS; MIXED MODELS; EVOLUTION; GENUS AB Molecular genetic analyses were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and estimate divergence times for Raukaua species and their close relatives. A monophyletic group identified as the 'greater Raukaua clade' was circumscribed, with eight representative species; its basal divergence was estimated at c. 70 Mya, possibly after Zealandia had separated from Gondwana. Raukaua is paraphyletic because of the placement of Motherwellia, Cephalaralia, Cheirodendron and Schefflera s.s. The phylogeny supports a more narrowly circumscribed Raukaua that includes the New Zealand but not the South American or Tasmanian representatives. Ancestors of the monophyletic South American and Tasmanian Raukaua and the mainland Australian Motherwellia and Cephalaralia diverged at c. 66 Mya and their current disjunction may be vicariant, with overland dispersal between Australia and South America, possibly via Antarctica. Vicariance is also a likely mechanism for divergence at c. 57 Mya of the monophyletic Motherwellia, Cephalaralia and Tasmanian Raukaua. The common ancestor of New Zealand Raukaua, Cheirodendron and Schefflera s.s. is inferred to have existed c. 62 Mya in New Zealand, before the marine incursions during the Oligocene, implying that New Zealand Raukaua and Schefflera s.s. survived the inundation period or speciated outside New Zealand and subsequently colonised. Ancestors of Cheirodendron split from New Zealand Raukaua c. 43 Mya and dispersed over vast expanses of the south-western Pacific to Hawaii. C1 [Mitchell, Anthony] Univ Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Li, Rong] Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Key Lab Biodivers & Biogeog, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Brown, Joseph W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Schoenberger, Ines] Landcare Res, Allan Herbarium CHR, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand. [Wen, Jun] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot MRC, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Mitchell, A (reprint author), Univ Otago, POB 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. EM anthony.mitchell@otago.ac.nz RI Brown, Joseph/A-7713-2009 OI Brown, Joseph/0000-0002-3835-8062 FU John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Natural Science Foundation of China [30828001]; Laboratory of Analytical Biology at the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution FX We are grateful to Adrian Paterson (Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand), Matt McGlone, Peter Heenan and David Glenny (Landcare Research, Canterbury, New Zealand) for reviewing the manuscript; to Dallas Mildenhall (GNS Science, New Zealand), Jennifer Bannister and Daphne E. Lee (Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand) for information regarding New Zealand fossil flora; Anthony Wright, (Director of the Canterbury Museum, New Zealand) for photographs of Aralia tasmanii type specimen fossils; and to Christine Bezar for editing the manuscript. Phylogenetic analyses for this study were run on the Nyx cluster at the University of Michigan and the IBEST cluster at the University of Idaho. J.W.B. acknowledges assistance by J. Doiron. The study was partially supported by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Natural Science Foundation of China (30828001 to J. Wen and T. Yi), and the Laboratory of Analytical Biology at the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution. NR 94 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 26 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1030-1887 EI 1446-5701 J9 AUST SYST BOT JI Aust. Syst. Bot. PD DEC 14 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 6 BP 432 EP 446 DI 10.1071/SB12020 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 053ZP UT WOS:000312314100005 ER PT J AU Wcislo, WT AF Wcislo, William T. TI Big Brains, Little Bodies SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Wcislo, WT (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM wcislow@si.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 14 PY 2012 VL 338 IS 6113 BP 1419 EP 1419 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 053DN UT WOS:000312250800023 PM 23239715 ER PT J AU Basset, Y Cizek, L Cuenoud, P Didham, RK Guilhaumon, F Missa, O Novotny, V Odegaard, F Roslin, T Schmidl, J Tishechkin, AK Winchester, NN Roubik, DW Aberlenc, HP Bail, J Barrios, H Bridle, JR Castano-Meneses, G Corbara, B Curletti, G da Rocha, WD de Bakker, D Delabie, JHC Dejean, A Fagan, LL Floren, A Kitching, RL Medianero, E Miller, SE de Oliveira, EG Orivel, J Pollet, M Rapp, M Ribeiro, SP Roisin, Y Schmidt, JB Sorensen, L Leponce, M AF Basset, Yves Cizek, Lukas Cuenoud, Philippe Didham, Raphael K. Guilhaumon, Francois Missa, Olivier Novotny, Vojtech Odegaard, Frode Roslin, Tomas Schmidl, Juergen Tishechkin, Alexey K. Winchester, Neville N. Roubik, David W. Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre Bail, Johannes Barrios, Hector Bridle, Jon R. Castano-Meneses, Gabriela Corbara, Bruno Curletti, Gianfranco da Rocha, Wesley Duarte de Bakker, Domir Delabie, Jacques H. C. Dejean, Alain Fagan, Laura L. Floren, Andreas Kitching, Roger L. Medianero, Enrique Miller, Scott E. de Oliveira, Evandro Gama Orivel, Jerome Pollet, Marc Rapp, Mathieu Ribeiro, Servio P. Roisin, Yves Schmidt, Jesper B. Sorensen, Line Leponce, Maurice TI Arthropod Diversity in a Tropical Forest SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HOST-SPECIFICITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; RAIN-FOREST; HERBIVOROUS INSECTS; BETA-DIVERSITY; ANT FAUNA; BIODIVERSITY AB Most eukaryotic organisms are arthropods. Yet, their diversity in rich terrestrial ecosystems is still unknown. Here we produce tangible estimates of the total species richness of arthropods in a tropical rainforest. Using a comprehensive range of structured protocols, we sampled the phylogenetic breadth of arthropod taxa from the soil to the forest canopy in the San Lorenzo forest, Panama. We collected 6144 arthropod species from 0.48 hectare and extrapolated total species richness to larger areas on the basis of competing models. The whole 6000-hectare forest reserve most likely sustains 25,000 arthropod species. Notably, just 1 hectare of rainforest yields >60% of the arthropod biodiversity held in the wider landscape. Models based on plant diversity fitted the accumulated species richness of both herbivore and nonherbivore taxa exceptionally well. This lends credence to global estimates of arthropod biodiversity developed from plant models. C1 [Basset, Yves; Roubik, David W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Basset, Yves; Cizek, Lukas; Novotny, Vojtech] Univ S Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Basset, Yves] Univ Panama, Panama City, Panama. [Cizek, Lukas; Novotny, Vojtech] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Cuenoud, Philippe] Museum Hist Nat Ville Geneve, CH-1208 Geneva, Switzerland. [Didham, Raphael K.] Univ Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Didham, Raphael K.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Guilhaumon, Francois] Univ Evora, Catedra Rui Nabeiro, P-7004516 Evora, Portugal. [Missa, Olivier] Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Odegaard, Frode] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway. [Roslin, Tomas] Univ Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Schmidl, Juergen; Bail, Johannes] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Tishechkin, Alexey K.] Santa Barbara Museum Nat Hist, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. [Winchester, Neville N.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre] Cirad, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. [Bridle, Jon R.] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, Avon, England. [Castano-Meneses, Gabriela] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 0510, DF, Mexico. [Corbara, Bruno] Univ Clermont Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Curletti, Gianfranco] Museo Civico Storia Nat, I-10022 Carmagnola, Italy. [da Rocha, Wesley Duarte; Delabie, Jacques H. C.] Ctr Pesquisas Cacau, BR-45600000 Itabuna, Brazil. [da Rocha, Wesley Duarte; Delabie, Jacques H. C.] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, BR-45662900 Ilheus, Brazil. [de Bakker, Domir] Inst Royal Sci Nat Belgique, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Dejean, Alain] Univ Toulouse 3, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Floren, Andreas] Univ Wurzburg, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. [Kitching, Roger L.] Griffith Univ, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. [Miller, Scott E.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [de Oliveira, Evandro Gama] Ctr Univ UNA, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Orivel, Jerome] CNRS, F-97379 Kourou, France. [Pollet, Marc] Res Inst Nat & Forest, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium. [Rapp, Mathieu] Museum Hist Nat, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Ribeiro, Servio P.] Univ Fed Ouro Preto, BR-35400000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil. [Roisin, Yves] Univ Libre Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Schmidt, Jesper B.; Sorensen, Line] Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Basset, Y (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. EM bassety@si.edu RI Cizek, Lukas/K-7111-2015; Roslin, Tomas/E-8648-2016; Guilhaumon, Francois/C-3240-2009; Delabie, Jacques/F-3405-2010; Ribeiro, Servio/G-1887-2012; Didham, Raphael/B-5953-2011; Basset, Yves/B-6642-2014; Missa, Olivier/G-2687-2012; Cizek, Lukas/G-7905-2014; Novotny, Vojtech/G-9434-2014 OI Guilhaumon, Francois/0000-0003-4707-8932; Miller, Scott/0000-0002-4138-1378; CORBARA, Bruno/0000-0003-4232-8234; Roslin, Tomas/0000-0002-2957-4791; Dejean, Alain/0000-0002-3561-2248; Orivel, Jerome/0000-0002-5636-3228; Delabie, Jacques/0000-0002-2695-1061; Missa, Olivier/0000-0002-4330-5192; Novotny, Vojtech/0000-0001-7918-8023 FU STRI; United Nations Environment Programme; Smithsonian Institution (Walcott Fund); European Science Foundation; Global Canopy Programme; SolVin-Solvay SA FX IBISCA-Panama is an initiative of Pro-Natura International, Ocean Vert, the universities Blaise Pascal and of Panama, and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), with core funding from SolVin-Solvay SA, STRI, the United Nations Environment Programme, the Smithsonian Institution (Walcott Fund), the European Science Foundation, and the Global Canopy Programme. J. Herrera, E. Andrade, M. Samaniego, S. J. Wright, N. Baiben, S. Bechet, J. Belleguic, T. Aubert, K. Jordan, G. Ebersolt, D. Cleyet-Marrel, L. Pyot, O. Pascal, P. Basset, and E. Bauhaus helped with logistics in the field. A. Barba, R. Cabrera, A. Cornejo, I. Diaz, A. F. R. do Carmo, I. C. do Nascimento, E. A. dos Santos, M. Gonzalez, A. Hernandez, M. Manumbor, M. Mogia, S. Pinzon, B. Perez, L. S. Ramos-Lacau, and O. Valdez helped with initial sorting of the arthropod and plant material. Data (as of 10 May 2012) have been deposited in the Dryad repository: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.f3p75. NR 24 TC 108 Z9 115 U1 27 U2 381 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 14 PY 2012 VL 338 IS 6113 BP 1481 EP 1484 DI 10.1126/science.1226727 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 053DN UT WOS:000312250800051 PM 23239740 ER PT J AU Wang, YJ Labandeira, CC Shih, C Ding, QL Wang, C Zhao, YY Ren, D AF Wang, Yongjie Labandeira, Conrad C. Shih, Chungkun Ding, Qiaoling Wang, Chen Zhao, Yunyun Ren, Dong TI Jurassic mimicry between a hangingfly and a ginkgo from China SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Cimbrophlebiidae; insect-plant association; Mecoptera; Mesozoic; Yimaiaceae ID INNER-MONGOLIA; INSECTA MECOPTERA; DINOSAURS; EOCENE; POLLINATION; MORPHOLOGY; PLANT; TREE AB A near-perfect mimetic association between a mecopteran insect species and a ginkgoalean plant species from the late Middle Jurassic of northeastern China recently has been discovered. The association stems from a case of mixed identity between a particular plant and an insect in the laboratory and the field. This confusion is explained as a case of leaf mimesis, wherein the appearance of the multilobed leaf of Yimaia capituliformis (the ginkgoalean model) was accurately replicated by the wings and abdomen of the cimbrophlebiid Juracimbrophlebia ginkgofolia (the hangingfly mimic). Our results suggest that hangingflies developed leaf mimesis either as an antipredator avoidance device or possibly as a predatory strategy to provide an antiherbivore function for its plant hosts, thus gaining mutual benefit for both the hangingfly and the ginkgo species. This documentation of mimesis is a rare occasion whereby exquisitely preserved, co-occurring fossils occupy a narrow spatiotemporal window that reveal likely reciprocal mechanisms which plants and insects provide mutual defensive support during their preangiospermous evolutionary histories. C1 [Wang, Yongjie; Labandeira, Conrad C.; Shih, Chungkun; Ding, Qiaoling; Wang, Chen; Zhao, Yunyun; Ren, Dong] Capital Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China. [Labandeira, Conrad C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Labandeira, Conrad C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Labandeira, Conrad C.] Univ Maryland, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ren, D (reprint author), Capital Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China. EM rendong@mail.cnu.edu.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China 973 Program [2012CB821906]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31071964, 31172143, 31230065, 41272006]; Key Project of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education Grant [201207120]; China Geological Survey Grant [1212011120116]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [20110490449, 2012T50113]; Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation [2011ZZ-36] FX We thank Qiang Yang and Xiaoguang Yang for assistance in locating specimens. This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China 973 Program Grant 2012CB821906; National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants 31071964, 31172143, 31230065, and 41272006; Key Project of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education Grant 201207120; China Geological Survey Grant 1212011120116; the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (Grants 20110490449, 2012T50113), and the Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation (Grant 2011ZZ-36). This is Contribution 245 from the Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems Consortium of the National Museum of Natural History. NR 44 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 38 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 11 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 50 BP 20514 EP 20519 DI 10.1073/pnas.1205517109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 058AF UT WOS:000312605600078 PM 23184994 ER PT J AU Cardona, A Montes, C Ayala, C Bustamante, C Hoyos, N Montenegro, O Ojeda, C Nino, H Ramirez, V Valencia, V Rincon, D Vervoort, J Zapata, S AF Cardona, A. Montes, C. Ayala, C. Bustamante, C. Hoyos, N. Montenegro, O. Ojeda, C. Nino, H. Ramirez, V. Valencia, V. Rincon, D. Vervoort, J. Zapata, S. TI From arc-continent collision to continuous convergence, clues from Paleogene conglomerates along the southern Caribbean-South America plate boundary SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Provenance; Paleogeography; South Caribbean margin; Orogenic collapse; Arc-continent collision ID U-PB AGES; NORTHERN ANDES; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; EASTERN CORDILLERA; TERRANE ACCRETION; ISLAND-ARC; FORE-ARC; SUBDUCTION INITIATION; COLOMBIA IMPLICATIONS; ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY AB A Paleogene conglomeratic-sandy succession preserves the complex record of arc-continent collision, orogen collapse and basin opening, followed by inversion related to renewed oblique convergence. This record is unique because both arc and continental margin are now severely fragmented and only partially exposed along the southern Caribbean-South American boundary in northern Colombia. We studied these clastic sequences in the San Jacinto deformed belt using an integrated provenance study that includes conglomerate clast counting, geochemistry and U-Pb and Hf isotopic analysis in magmatic clasts, together with sandstone petrography, heavy mineral analysis and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology. The record of events extracted from these coarse clastic rocks includes the formation and approach of an allochthonous Upper Cretaceous intra-oceanic arc active from 88 Ma until 73 Ma. This arc collides against the upper Paleozoic to Triassic continental margin after 73 Ma, but before late Paleocene times. Poorly exposed remnants of serpentinized peridotites and middle pressure metamorphic detritus are related to closure of an intervening oceanic basin between the continent and the colliding arc. This orogen was emerged in late Maastrichtian-early Paleocene, and then collapsed as recorded by the thick upper Paleocene and younger succession of the San Jacinto deformed belt where the coarse clastics, subject of this study, are exposed. Orogenic collapse may have been the result of subduction zone flip, with incipient subduction of the buoyant Caribbean Plate under South America. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cardona, A.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Escuela Proc & Energia, Medellin, Colombia. [Cardona, A.; Montes, C.; Ayala, C.; Bustamante, C.; Montenegro, O.; Ojeda, C.; Zapata, S.] Corp Geol Ares, Bogota, Colombia. [Montes, C.] Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. [Ayala, C.; Bustamante, C.; Hoyos, N.; Montenegro, O.; Ojeda, C.; Zapata, S.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Nino, H.; Ramirez, V.] Empresa Colombiana Petr ECOPETROL, Explorac, Bogota, Colombia. [Valencia, V.; Vervoort, J.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rincon, D.] Inst Colombiano Petr ICP ECOPETROL, Piedecuesta, Colombia. RP Cardona, A (reprint author), Univ Nacl Colombia, Escuela Proc & Energia, Medellin, Colombia. EM agustincardonam@gmail.com RI Bustamante, Camilo/N-6273-2015; OI Bustamante, Camilo/0000-0002-5527-598X; Rincon, Daniel/0000-0002-5684-2130; Montes, Camilo/0000-0002-3553-0787 FU Fundacion para la Promocion de la Investigacion y la Tecnologia de la Republica de Colombia [2570] FX Whole-rock geochemistry and Hf isotopic analysis were supported by the Fundacion para la Promocion de la Investigacion y la Tecnologia de la Republica de Colombia (Project 2570). This is a contribution to the IGCP-546 "Subduction zones of the Caribbean". NR 148 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD DEC 10 PY 2012 VL 580 BP 58 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.08.039 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 117ST UT WOS:000316974100004 ER PT J AU Arabaci, MO Kalemci, E Tomsick, JA Halpern, J Bodaghee, A Chaty, S Rodriguez, J Rahoui, F AF Arabaci, Mehtap Ozbey Kalemci, Emrah Tomsick, John A. Halpern, Jules Bodaghee, Arash Chaty, Sylvain Rodriguez, Jerome Rahoui, Farid TI INVESTIGATING THE OPTICAL COUNTERPART CANDIDATES OF FOUR INTEGRAL SOURCES LOCALIZED WITH CHANDRA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: activity; stars: flare; stars: individual (IGR J04069+5042, IGR J06552-1146, IGR J21188+4901, IGR J22014+6034); stars: late-type; X-rays: stars ID X-RAY SOURCES; FOLLOW-UP OBSERVATIONS; SYMBIOTIC STARS; GALACTIC PLANE; STANDARD STARS; UNKNOWN NATURE; SPECTRA; IDENTIFICATIONS; CATALOG; LIBRARY AB We report on the optical spectroscopic follow-up observations of the candidate counterparts to four INTEGRAL sources: IGR J04069+5042, IGR J06552-1146, IGR J21188+4901, and IGR J22014+6034. The candidate counterparts were determined with Chandra, and the optical observations were performed with 1.5 m RTT-150 telescope (TUBITAK National Observatory, Antalya, Turkey) and 2.4 m Hiltner Telescope (MDM Observatory, Kitt Peak, Arizona). Our spectroscopic results show that one of the two candidates of IGR J04069+5042 and the one observed for IGR J06552-1146 could be active late-type stars in RS CVn systems. However, according to the likelihood analysis based on Chandra and INTEGRAL, two optically weaker sources in the INTEGRAL error circle of IGR J06552-1146 have higher probabilities to be the actual counterpart. The candidate counterparts of IGR J21188+4901 are classified as an active M-type star and a late-type star. Among the optical spectra of four candidates of IGR J22014+6034, two show H alpha emission lines, one is a late-type star, and the other is an M type. The likelihood analysis favors a candidate with no distinguishing features in the optical spectrum. Two of the candidates classified as M-type dwarfs, are similar to some IGR candidates claimed to be symbiotic stars. However, some of the prominent features of symbiotic systems are missing in our spectra, and their NIR colors are not consistent with those expected for giants. We consider the IR colors of all IGR candidates claimed to be symbiotic systems and find that low-resolution optical spectrum may not be enough for conclusive identification. C1 [Arabaci, Mehtap Ozbey] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Kalemci, Emrah] Sabanci Univ, Fac Engn & Nat Sci, TR-34596 Istanbul, Turkey. [Tomsick, John A.; Bodaghee, Arash] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Halpern, Jules] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Chaty, Sylvain; Rodriguez, Jerome] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Serv Astrophys, AIM,CEA,DSM,UMR E 9005,Irfu,Ctr Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Chaty, Sylvain] Inst Univ France, F-75005 Paris, France. [Rahoui, Farid] Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rahoui, Farid] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Arabaci, MO (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. EM mehtap@astroa.physics.metu.edu.tr OI Rodriguez, Jerome/0000-0002-4151-4468; Chaty, Sylvain/0000-0002-5769-8601 FU TUBITAK; The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [109T736]; NASA through Chandra Award [GO1-12046X]; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under NASA [NAS8-03060] FX M.O.A. acknowledges support from TUBITAK, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, through the research project 109T736. J.A.T. acknowledges partial support from NASA through Chandra Award Number GO1-12046X issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under NASA contract NAS8-03060. We thank the Turkish National Observatory of TUBITAK for running the optical facilities. We thank Dr. Timur, Sahin for fruitful discussions. We also thank N. Masetti for his helpful comments on the source IRXS J174607.8-213333. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 1 AR 4 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/4 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 046ER UT WOS:000311748800004 ER PT J AU Bamba, A Puehlhofer, G Acero, F Klochkov, D Tian, WW Yamazaki, R Li, ZY Horns, D Kosack, K Komin, N AF Bamba, Aya Puehlhofer, Gerd Acero, Fabio Klochkov, Dmitry Tian, Wenwu Yamazaki, Ryo Li, Zhiyuan Horns, Dieter Kosack, Karl Komin, Nukri TI SUZAKU OBSERVATIONS OF THE NON-THERMAL SUPERNOVA REMNANT HESS J1731-347 (vol 756, pg 149, 2012) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 [Bamba, Aya; Yamazaki, Ryo] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525258, Japan. [Puehlhofer, Gerd; Klochkov, Dmitry] Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Acero, Fabio] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. [Tian, Wenwu] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Tian, Wenwu] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Li, Zhiyuan] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Horns, Dieter] Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Kosack, Karl] CEA Saclay, DSM IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Komin, Nukri] Univ Savoie, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RP Bamba, A (reprint author), Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Chuo Ku, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525258, Japan. RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 1 AR 80 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/80 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 046ER UT WOS:000311748800080 ER PT J AU Barclay, T Huber, D Rowe, JF Fortney, JJ Morley, CV Quintana, EV Fabrycky, DC Barentsen, G Bloemen, S Christiansen, JL Demory, BO Fulton, BJ Jenkins, J Mullally, F Ragozzine, D Seader, SE Shporer, A Tenenbaum, P Thompson, SE AF Barclay, Thomas Huber, Daniel Rowe, Jason F. Fortney, Jonathan J. Morley, Caroline V. Quintana, Elisa V. Fabrycky, Daniel C. Barentsen, Geert Bloemen, Steven Christiansen, Jessie L. Demory, Brice-Olivier Fulton, Benjamin J. Jenkins, Jonm. Mullally, Fergal Ragozzine, Darin Seader, Shaun E. Shporer, Avi Tenenbaum, Peter Thompson, Susan E. TI PHOTOMETRICALLY DERIVED MASSES AND RADII OF THE PLANET AND STAR IN THE TrES-2 SYSTEM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: individual (TrES-2b); stars: individual (TrES-2A); techniques: photometric ID TRANSIT TIMING OBSERVATIONS; SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS; HOT JUPITER ATMOSPHERES; SPACE-BASED PHOTOMETRY; LIGHT CURVES; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; KEPLER-MISSION; RED GIANTS; ELLIPSOIDAL VARIATIONS; HD 209458B AB We measure the mass and radius of the star and planet in the TrES-2 system using 2.7 years of observations by the Kepler spacecraft. The light curve shows evidence for ellipsoidal variations and Doppler beaming on a period consistent with the orbital period of the planet with amplitudes of 2.79(-0.62)(+0.44) and 3.44(-0.37)(+0.32) parts per million (ppm), respectively, and a difference between the dayside and the nightside planetary flux of 3.41(-0.82)(+0.55) ppm. We present an asteroseismic analysis of solar-like oscillations on TrES-2A which we use to calculate the stellar mass of 0.94 +/- 0.05 M-circle dot and radius of 0.95 +/- 0.02 R-circle dot. Using these stellar parameters, a transit model fit and the phase-curve variations, we determine the planetary radius of 1.162(-0.024)(+0.020) R-Jup and derive a mass for TrES-2b from the photometry of 1.44 +/- 0.21 M-Jup. The ratio of the ellipsoidal variation to the Doppler beaming amplitudes agrees to better than 2 sigma with theoretical predications, while our measured planet mass and radius agree within 2s of previously published values based on spectroscopic radial velocity measurements. We measure a geometric albedo of 0.0136(-0.0033)(+0.0022) and an occultation (secondary eclipse) depth of 6.5(-1.8)(+1.7) ppm which we combined with the day/night planetary flux ratio to model the atmosphere of TrES-2b. We find that an atmosphere model that contains a temperature inversion is strongly preferred. We hypothesize that the Kepler bandpass probes a significantly greater atmospheric depth on the night side relative to the day side. C1 [Barclay, Thomas; Huber, Daniel; Rowe, Jason F.; Quintana, Elisa V.; Christiansen, Jessie L.; Jenkins, Jonm.; Mullally, Fergal; Seader, Shaun E.; Tenenbaum, Peter; Thompson, Susan E.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Barclay, Thomas] Bay Area Environm Res Inst Inc, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. [Rowe, Jason F.; Quintana, Elisa V.; Christiansen, Jessie L.; Jenkins, Jonm.; Mullally, Fergal; Seader, Shaun E.; Tenenbaum, Peter; Thompson, Susan E.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Fortney, Jonathan J.; Morley, Caroline V.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Barentsen, Geert] Armagh Observ, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland. [Bloemen, Steven] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrenkunde, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Demory, Brice-Olivier] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Fulton, Benjamin J.; Shporer, Avi] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope Network, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. [Ragozzine, Darin] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Shporer, Avi] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Barclay, T (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, M-S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RI Ragozzine, Darin/C-4926-2013; OI Fortney, Jonathan/0000-0002-9843-4354; Demory, Brice-Olivier/0000-0002-9355-5165; Fabrycky, Daniel/0000-0003-3750-0183 FU NASA Science Mission directorate; NASA [NAS5-26555]; NASA Office of Space Science [NNX09AF08G]; European Research Council under the European Community [227224]; Research Council of KU Leuven [GOA/2008/04]; appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Ames Research Center FX This paper includes data collected by the Kepler mission. Funding for the Kepler mission is provided by the NASA Science Mission directorate. All Kepler data presented in this paper were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Support for MAST for non-HST data is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science via grant NNX09AF08G and by other grants and contracts. S. B. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement No. 227224 (PROSPERITY), as well as from the Research Council of KU Leuven grant agreement GOA/2008/04. We thank Simchon Faigler and the Kepler Science Team for providing insightful comments during the preparation of this manuscript. D. H. is supported by appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Ames Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. NR 124 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 1 AR 53 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/53 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 046ER UT WOS:000311748800053 ER PT J AU Cheng, X Zhang, J Saar, SH Ding, MD AF Cheng, X. Zhang, J. Saar, S. H. Ding, M. D. TI DIFFERENTIAL EMISSION MEASURE ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS IN THE INNER CORONA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; UNSTABLE FLUX ROPES; ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTRA; SOHO OBSERVATIONS; ELECTRON-DENSITY; ATOMIC DATABASE; SOLAR FILAMENT; ACTIVE-REGION; FLARE; TEMPERATURE AB In this paper, we study the temperature and density properties of multiple structural components of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) using differential emission measure (DEM) analysis. The DEM analysis is based on the six-passband EUV observations of solar corona from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory. The structural components studied include the hot channel in the core region (presumably the magnetic flux rope of the CME), the bright loop-like leading front (LF), and coronal dimming in the wake of the CME. We find that the presumed flux rope has the highest average temperature (>8 MK) and density (similar to 1.0 x 10(9) cm(-3)), resulting in an enhanced emission measure over a broad temperature range (3 <= T(MK) <= 20). On the other hand, the CME LF has a relatively cool temperature (similar to 2 MK) and a narrow temperature distribution similar to the pre-eruption coronal temperature (1 <= T(MK) <= 3). The density in the LF, however, is increased by 2%-32% compared with that of the pre-eruption corona, depending on the event and location. In coronal dimmings, the temperature is more broadly distributed (1 <= T(MK) <= 4), but the density decreases by similar to 35%-similar to 40%. These observational results show that: (1) CME core regions are significantly heated, presumably through magnetic reconnection; (2) CME LFs are a consequence of compression of ambient plasma caused by the expansion of the CME core region; and (3) the dimmings are largely caused by the plasma rarefaction associated with the eruption. C1 [Cheng, X.; Ding, M. D.] Nanjing Univ, Sch Astron & Space Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Cheng, X.; Zhang, J.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cheng, X.; Ding, M. D.] Nanjing Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Modern Astron & Astrophys, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Saar, S. H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cheng, X (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Astron & Space Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM xincheng@nju.edu.cn; jzhang7@gmu.edu RI Cheng, Xin/G-6762-2011; Ding, Mingde/C-7787-2009 OI Cheng, Xin/0000-0003-2837-7136; FU NSFC [10878002, 10933003]; NKBRSF [2011CB811402]; China Scholarship Council (CSC) [2010619071]; NSF [ATM-0748003, AGS-1156120]; NASA [NNG05GG19G]; Lockheed-Martin [SP02H1701R] FX The authors are grateful to the anonymous referee for his/her comments and persistence, which improved the manuscript significantly. The authors also thank Mark A. Weber for many valuable comments. SDO is a mission of NASA's Living With a Star Program. X. C. and M. D. D. are supported by NSFC under Grants 10878002 and 10933003 and NKBRSF under Grant 2011CB811402. X. C. is also supported by the scholarship granted by the China Scholarship Council (CSC) under file No. 2010619071. J.Z. is supported by NSF grant ATM-0748003, AGS-1156120 and NASA grant NNG05GG19G. S. S. is supported by contract SP02H1701R from Lockheed-Martin to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for AIA analysis. NR 73 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 1 AR 62 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/62 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 046ER UT WOS:000311748800062 ER PT J AU Lin, DB Gu, WM Liu, T Sun, MY Lu, JF AF Lin, Da-Bin Gu, Wei-Min Liu, Tong Sun, Mou-Yuan Lu, Ju-Fu TI UNDERSTANDING SIMULATIONS OF THIN ACCRETION DISKS BY ENERGY EQUATION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; hydrodynamics; instabilities; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) ID BLACK-HOLES; DOMINATED ACCRETION; BINARY-SYSTEMS; GALACTIC NUCLEI; GAS-PRESSURE; VARIABILITY; INSTABILITY; RADIATION; TURBULENCE; STABILITY AB We study the fluctuations of standard thin accretion disks by linear analysis of the time-dependent energy equation together with the vertical hydrostatic equilibrium and the equation of state. We show that some of the simulation results in Hirose et al., such as the time delay, the relationship of power spectra, and the correlation between magnetic energy and radiation energy, can be understood well by our analytic results. C1 [Lin, Da-Bin; Gu, Wei-Min; Liu, Tong; Sun, Mou-Yuan; Lu, Ju-Fu] Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Lin, Da-Bin; Gu, Wei-Min; Liu, Tong; Sun, Mou-Yuan; Lu, Ju-Fu] Xiamen Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Gu, Wei-Min] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lin, DB (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China. EM dabinlin@xmu.edu.cn; lujf@xmu.edu.cn RI Gu, WM/G-3984-2010 FU National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China [2009CB824800]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [10833002, 11073015, 11103015, 11222328, 11233006] FX We thank the referee, Omer Blaes, for helpful suggestions and useful communications to improve the paper. We also thank Feng Yuan and Sheng-Ming Zheng for beneficial discussions. This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China under grant 2009CB824800, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grants 10833002, 11073015, 11103015, 11222328, and 11233006. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 1 AR 29 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/29 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 046ER UT WOS:000311748800029 ER PT J AU Martinez-Galarza, JR Hunter, D Groves, B Brandl, B AF Martinez-Galarza, J. R. Hunter, D. Groves, B. Brandl, B. TI ONGOING MASSIVE STAR FORMATION IN NGC 604 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE H II regions; infrared: ISM; ISM: individual objects (NGC 604); stars: formation ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; H-II REGION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON EMISSION; FAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GIANT HII-REGIONS; WOLF-RAYET STARS; STARBURST GALAXIES; ARRAY CAMERA AB NGC 604 is the second most massive H II region in the Local Group, thus an important laboratory for massive star formation. Using a combination of observational and analytical tools that include Spitzer spectroscopy, Herschel photometry, Chandra imaging, and Bayesian spectral energy distribution fitting, we investigate the physical conditions in NGC 604 and quantify the amount of massive star formation currently taking place. We derive an average age of 4 +/- 1 Myr and a total stellar mass of 1.6(-1.0)(+1.6) x 10(5) M-circle dot for the entire region, in agreement with previous optical studies. Across the region, we find an effect of the X-ray field on both the abundance of aromatic molecules and the [Si II] emission. Within NGC 604, we identify several individual bright infrared sources with diameters of about 15 pc and luminosity-weighted masses between 10(3) M-circle dot and 10(4) M-circle dot. Their spectral properties indicate that some of these sources are embedded clusters in process of formation, which together account for similar to 8% of the total stellar mass in the NGC 604 system. The variations of the radiation field strength across NGC 604 are consistent with a sequential star formation scenario, with at least two bursts in the last few million years. Our results indicate that massive star formation in NGC 604 is still ongoing, likely triggered by the earlier bursts. C1 [Martinez-Galarza, J. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Martinez-Galarza, J. R.; Groves, B.; Brandl, B.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 CA Leiden, Netherlands. [Hunter, D.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Groves, B.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Martinez-Galarza, JR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 1 AR 3 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/3 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 046ER UT WOS:000311748800003 ER PT J AU Newman, SF Genzel, R Forster-Schreiber, NM Griffin, KS Mancini, C Lilly, SJ Renzini, A Bouche, N Burkert, A Buschkamp, P Carollo, CM Cresci, G Davies, R Eisenhauer, F Genel, S Hicks, EKS Kurk, J Lutz, D Naab, T Peng, YJ Sternberg, A Tacconi, LJ Vergani, D Wuyts, S Zamorani, G AF Newman, Sarah F. Genzel, Reinhard Foerster-Schreiber, Natascha M. Griffin, Kristen Shapiro Mancini, Chiara Lilly, Simon J. Renzini, Alvio Bouche, Nicolas Burkert, Andreas Buschkamp, Peter Carollo, C. Marcella Cresci, Giovanni Davies, Ric Eisenhauer, Frank Genel, Shy Hicks, Erin K. S. Kurk, Jaron Lutz, Dieter Naab, Thorsten Peng, Yingjie Sternberg, Amiel Tacconi, Linda J. Vergani, Daniela Wuyts, Stijn Zamorani, Gianni TI THE SINS/zC-SINF SURVEY of z similar to 2 GALAXY KINEMATICS: OUTFLOW PROPERTIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: high-redshift; infrared: galaxies ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; GALACTIC WINDS; ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTRA; RADIATION PRESSURE; GAS FRACTIONS; MASS; ZCOSMOS; STELLAR AB Using SINFONI H alpha, [N II], and [S II] AO data of 27 z similar to 2 star-forming galaxies (SFGs) from the SINS and zC-SINF surveys, we explore the dependence of outflow strength (via the broad flux fraction) on various galaxy parameters. For galaxies that have evidence for strong outflows, we find that the broad emission is spatially extended to at least the half-light radius (similar to a few kpc). Decomposition of the [S II] doublet into broad and narrow components suggests that this outflowing gas probably has a density of similar to 10-100 cm(-3), less than that of the star-forming gas (600 cm-3). There is a strong correlation of the Ha broad flux fraction with the star formation surface density of the galaxy, with an apparent threshold for strong outflows occurring at 1 M-circle dot yr(-1) kpc(-2). Above this threshold, we find that SFGs with log m(*) > 10 have similar or perhaps greater wind mass-loading factors (eta = (M) over dot(out)/SFR) and faster outflow velocities than lower mass SFGs, suggesting that the majority of outflowing gas at z similar to 2 may derive from high-mass SFGs. The mass-loading factor is also correlated with the star formation rate (SFR), galaxy size, and inclination, such that smaller, more star-forming, and face-on galaxies launch more powerful outflows. We propose that the observed threshold for strong outflows and the observed mass loading of these winds can be explained by a simple model wherein break-out of winds is governed by pressure balance in the disk. C1 [Newman, Sarah F.; Genzel, Reinhard] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Genzel, Reinhard; Foerster-Schreiber, Natascha M.; Buschkamp, Peter; Davies, Ric; Eisenhauer, Frank; Kurk, Jaron; Lutz, Dieter; Tacconi, Linda J.; Wuyts, Stijn] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Genzel, Reinhard] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Griffin, Kristen Shapiro] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Space Sci Res Grp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. [Mancini, Chiara; Renzini, Alvio] Osserv Astron Padova, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Lilly, Simon J.; Carollo, C. Marcella; Peng, Yingjie] ETH, Inst Astron, Dept Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bouche, Nicolas] CNRS, IRAP, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Burkert, Andreas] Univ Sternwarte, Dept Phys, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Burkert, Andreas] Ludwig Maximilians Univ USM, Dept Phys, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Cresci, Giovanni] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Bouche, Nicolas] Univ Toulouse, IRAP, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Bouche, Nicolas] UPS OMP, IRAP, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Genel, Shy] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hicks, Erin K. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Naab, Thorsten] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Sternberg, Amiel] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Vergani, Daniela; Zamorani, Gianni] INAF Osservatorio Astron Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RP Newman, SF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sfnewman@berkeley.edu OI Vergani, Daniela/0000-0003-0898-2216; Genel, Shy/0000-0002-3185-1540; Cresci, Giovanni/0000-0002-5281-1417; Zamorani, Giovanni/0000-0002-2318-301X FU NSF; ASI; INAF FX We thank the anonymous referee for a very thoughtful and useful review. We are grateful to Jerry Ostriker for a very valuable discussion on the wind breakout. SFN is supported by an NSF grfp grant. C. M., A. R., G.Z., and D. V. acknowledge partial support by the ASI grant "COFIS-Analisi Dati" and by the INAF grants "PRIN-2008" and "PRIN-2010." NR 60 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 1 AR 43 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/43 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 046ER UT WOS:000311748800043 ER PT J AU Seo, HJ Ho, S White, M Cuesta, AJ Ross, AJ Saito, S Reid, B Padmanabhan, N Percival, WJ de Putter, R Schlegel, DJ Eisenstein, DJ Xu, XY Schneider, DP Skibba, R Verde, L Nichol, RC Bizyaev, D Brewington, H Brinkmann, J da Costa, LAN Gott, JR Malanushenko, E Malanushenko, V Oravetz, D Palanque-Delabrouille, N Pan, KK Prada, F Ross, NP Simmons, A de Simoni, F Shelden, A Snedden, S Zehavi, I AF Seo, Hee-Jong Ho, Shirley White, Martin Cuesta, Antonio J. Ross, Ashley J. Saito, Shun Reid, Beth Padmanabhan, Nikhil Percival, Will J. de Putter, Roland Schlegel, David J. Eisenstein, Daniel J. Xu, Xiaoying Schneider, Donald P. Skibba, Ramin Verde, Licia Nichol, Robert C. Bizyaev, Dmitry Brewington, Howard Brinkmann, J. Nicolaci da Costa, Luiz Alberto Gott, J. Richard, III Malanushenko, Elena Malanushenko, Viktor Oravetz, Dan Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie Pan, Kaike Prada, Francisco Ross, Nicholas P. Simmons, Audrey de Simoni, Fernando Shelden, Alaina Snedden, Stephanie Zehavi, Idit TI ACOUSTIC SCALE FROM THE ANGULAR POWER SPECTRA OF SDSS-III DR8 PHOTOMETRIC LUMINOUS GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE distance scale; cosmological parameters; cosmology: observations; large-scale structure of universe ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; SYNOPTIC SURVEY TELESCOPE; FUTURE REDSHIFT SURVEYS; PROBING DARK ENERGY; RED GALAXIES; BARYON OSCILLATIONS; DATA RELEASE; COSMOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; PERTURBATION-THEORY AB We measure the acoustic scale from the angular power spectra of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III) Data Release 8 imaging catalog that includes 872, 921 galaxies over similar to 10,000 deg(2) between 0.45 < z < 0.65. The extensive spectroscopic training set of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey luminous galaxies allows precise estimates of the true redshift distributions of galaxies in our imaging catalog. Utilizing the redshift distribution information, we build templates and fit to the power spectra of the data, which are measured in our companion paper, to derive the location of Baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs) while marginalizing over many free parameters to exclude nearly all of the non-BAO signal. We derive the ratio of the angular diameter distance to the sound horizon scale D-A(z)/r(s) = 9.212(-0.404)(+0.416) at z = 0.54, and therefore D-A(z) = 1411 +/- 65 Mpc at z = 0.54; the result is fairly independent of assumptions on the underlying cosmology. Our measurement of angular diameter distance D-A(z) is 1.4 sigma higher than what is expected for the concordance Lambda CDM, in accordance to the trend of other spectroscopic BAO measurements for z greater than or similar to 0.35. We report constraints on cosmological parameters from our measurement in combination with the WMAP7 data and the previous spectroscopic BAO measurements of SDSS and WiggleZ. We refer to our companion papers (Ho et al.; de Putter et al.) for investigations on information of the full power spectrum. C1 [Seo, Hee-Jong] Univ Calif Berkeley, LBL, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Seo, Hee-Jong; White, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ho, Shirley; White, Martin; Reid, Beth; Schlegel, David J.; Ross, Nicholas P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ho, Shirley] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [White, Martin; Saito, Shun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cuesta, Antonio J.; Padmanabhan, Nikhil] Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Ross, Ashley J.; Percival, Will J.; Nichol, Robert C.] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England. [de Putter, Roland] Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia, Spain. [Eisenstein, Daniel J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Xu, Xiaoying; Skibba, Ramin] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Verde, Licia] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. [Verde, Licia] Univ Barcelona, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Cosmos, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Bizyaev, Dmitry; Brewington, Howard; Brinkmann, J.; Malanushenko, Elena; Malanushenko, Viktor; Oravetz, Dan; Pan, Kaike; Simmons, Audrey; Shelden, Alaina; Snedden, Stephanie] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Nicolaci da Costa, Luiz Alberto; de Simoni, Fernando] LIneA, Lab Interinst E Astron, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Nicolaci da Costa, Luiz Alberto; de Simoni, Fernando] Observ Nacl, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Gott, J. Richard, III] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie] CEA, Ctr Saclay, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Prada, Francisco] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [de Simoni, Fernando] Univ Fed Fluminense, PURO, Dept Fis & Matemat, BR-28890000 Rio Das Ostras, RJ, Brazil. [Zehavi, Idit] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Seo, HJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, LBL, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ho, Shirley/P-3682-2014; da Costa, Luiz Alberto/I-1326-2013; White, Martin/I-3880-2015; OI Ho, Shirley/0000-0002-1068-160X; da Costa, Luiz Alberto/0000-0002-7731-277X; White, Martin/0000-0001-9912-5070; Cuesta Vazquez, Antonio Jose/0000-0002-4153-9470; Verde, Licia/0000-0003-2601-8770 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of High Energy Physics [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; University of Arizona; Brazilian Participation Group; Brookhaven National Laboratory; University of Cambridge; University of Florida; French Participation Group; German Participation Group; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics; New Mexico State University; New York University; Ohio State University; Pennsylvania State University; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University; Spanish Participation Group; University of Tokyo; University of Utah; Vanderbilt University; University of Virginia; University of Washington; Yale University FX This work is partly supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of High Energy Physics (DE-AC02-05CH11231).; Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS-III Web site is http://www.sdss3.org/.; SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of Cambridge, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, New Mexico State University, New York University, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University of Washington, and Yale University. NR 98 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 1 AR 13 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/13 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 046ER UT WOS:000311748800013 ER PT J AU Song, J Zenteno, A Stalder, B Desai, S Bleem, LE Aird, KA Armstrong, R Ashby, MLN Bayliss, M Bazin, G Benson, BA Bertin, E Brodwin, M Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Cho, HM Clocchiatti, A Crawford, TM Crites, AT de Haan, T Dobbs, MA Dudley, JP Foley, RJ George, EM Gettings, D Gladders, MD Gonzalez, AH Halverson, NW Harrington, NL High, FW Holder, GP Holzapfel, WL Hoover, S Hrubes, JD Joy, M Keisler, R Knox, L Lee, AT Leitch, EM Liu, J Lueker, M Luong-Van, D Marrone, DP McDonald, M McMahon, JJ Mehl, J Meyer, SS Mocanu, L Mohr, JJ Montroy, TE Natoli, T Nurgaliev, D Padin, S Plagge, T Pryke, C Reichardt, CL Rest, A Ruel, J Ruhl, JE Saliwanchik, BR Saro, A Sayre, JT Schaffer, KK Shaw, L Shirokoff, E Suhada, R Spieler, HG Stanford, SA Staniszewski, Z Stark, AA Story, K Stubbs, CW van Engelen, A Vanderlinde, K Vieira, JD Williamson, R Zahn, O AF Song, J. Zenteno, A. Stalder, B. Desai, S. Bleem, L. E. Aird, K. A. Armstrong, R. Ashby, M. L. N. Bayliss, M. Bazin, G. Benson, B. A. Bertin, E. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. M. Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. de Haan, T. Dobbs, M. A. Dudley, J. P. Foley, R. J. George, E. M. Gettings, D. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. Harrington, N. L. High, F. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hoover, S. Hrubes, J. D. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Liu, J. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Marrone, D. P. McDonald, M. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mocanu, L. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Natoli, T. Nurgaliev, D. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, A. Ruel, J. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Saro, A. Sayre, J. T. Schaffer, K. K. Shaw, L. Shirokoff, E. Suhada, R. Spieler, H. G. Stanford, S. A. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, A. A. Story, K. Stubbs, C. W. van Engelen, A. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Williamson, R. Zahn, O. TI REDSHIFTS, SAMPLE PURITY, AND BCG POSITIONS FOR THE GALAXY CLUSTER CATALOG FROM THE FIRST 720 SQUARE DEGREES OF THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: distances and redshifts ID WIDE-FIELD SURVEY; COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; BLANCO COSMOLOGY SURVEY; GREATER-THAN 1; X-RAY; BRIGHTEST CLUSTER; RED-SEQUENCE; DARK ENERGY; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS AB We present the results of the ground-and space-based optical and near-infrared (NIR) follow-up of 224 galaxy cluster candidates detected with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect in the 720 deg(2) of the South Pole Telescope (SPT) survey completed in the 2008 and 2009 observing seasons. We use the optical/NIR data to establish whether each candidate is associated with an overdensity of galaxies and to estimate the cluster redshift. Most photometric redshifts are derived through a combination of three different cluster redshift estimators using red-sequence galaxies, resulting in an accuracy of Delta z/(1 + z) = 0.017, determined through comparison with a subsample of 57 clusters for which we have spectroscopic redshifts. We successfully measure redshifts for 158 systems and present redshift lower limits for the remaining candidates. The redshift distribution of the confirmed clusters extends to z = 1.35 with a median of z(med) = 0.57. Approximately 18% of the sample with measured redshifts lies at z > 0.8. We estimate a lower limit to the purity of this SPT SZ-selected sample by assuming that all unconfirmed clusters are noise fluctuations in the SPT data. We show that the cumulative purity at detection significance xi > 5(xi > 4.5) is >= 95% (>= 70%). We present the red brightest cluster galaxy (rBCG) positions for the sample and examine the offsets between the SPT candidate position and the rBCG. The radial distribution of offsets is similar to that seen in X-ray-selected cluster samples, providing no evidence that SZ-selected cluster samples include a different fraction of recent mergers from X-ray-selected cluster samples. C1 [Song, J.; McMahon, J. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zenteno, A.; Desai, S.; Bazin, G.; Liu, J.; Mohr, J. J.; Saro, A.; Suhada, R.] Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Zenteno, A.; Desai, S.; Bazin, G.; Liu, J.; Mohr, J. J.] Excellence Cluster Universe, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Stalder, B.; Ashby, M. L. N.; Bayliss, M.; Foley, R. J.; Stark, A. A.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bleem, L. E.; Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Gladders, M. D.; High, F. W.; Hoover, S.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E. M.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Mocanu, L.; Natoli, T.; Padin, S.; Plagge, T.; Schaffer, K. K.; Story, K.; Vieira, J. D.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bleem, L. E.; Aird, K. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Hrubes, J. D.; Keisler, R.; Luong-Van, D.; Meyer, S. S.; Natoli, T.; Story, K.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Armstrong, R.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Bayliss, M.; Nurgaliev, D.; Ruel, J.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Hoover, S.; Meyer, S. S.; Schaffer, K. K.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bertin, E.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Brodwin, M.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Gladders, M. D.; High, F. W.; Leitch, E. M.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Mocanu, L.; Padin, S.; Plagge, T.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cho, H. M.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Clocchiatti, A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrosif, Santiago, Chile. [de Haan, T.; Dobbs, M. A.; Dudley, J. P.; Holder, G. P.; Shaw, L.; van Engelen, A.; Vanderlinde, K.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [George, E. M.; Harrington, N. L.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Lueker, M.; Reichardt, C. L.; Shirokoff, E.; Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gettings, D.; Gonzalez, A. H.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Joy, M.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Knox, L.; Stanford, S. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lee, A. T.; Spieler, H. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lueker, M.; Padin, S.; Shirokoff, E.; Vieira, J. D.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Marrone, D. P.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McDonald, M.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mohr, J. J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Montroy, T. E.; Ruhl, J. E.; Saliwanchik, B. R.; Sayre, J. T.; Staniszewski, Z.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Educ & Res Cosmol & Astrophys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Rest, A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Schaffer, K. K.] Sch Art Inst Chicago, Liberal Arts Dept, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Shaw, L.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Stanford, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zahn, O.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Song, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Williamson, Ross/H-1734-2015; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; OI Williamson, Ross/0000-0002-6945-2975; Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Marrone, Daniel/0000-0002-2367-1080; Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518; Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; Stark, Antony/0000-0002-2718-9996 FU National Science Foundation [ANT-0638937]; NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0114422]; Kavli Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Excellence Cluster Universe; DFG [TR33 The Dark Universe]; NSF [AST-1009012, AST-1009649, MRI-0723073]; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs program; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; NASA; U.S. Government [NAGW-2166] FX The South Pole Telescope program is supported by the National Science Foundation through grant ANT-0638937. Partial support is also provided by the NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Kavli Foundation, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The Munich group acknowledges support from the Excellence Cluster Universe and the DFG research program TR33 The Dark Universe. Galaxy cluster research at Harvard is supported by NSF grant AST-1009012, and research at SAO is supported in part by NSF grants AST-1009649 and MRI-0723073. The McGill group acknowledges funding from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs program, and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research.; Optical imaging data from the Blanco 4 m at Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatories (programs 2005B-0043, 2009B-0400, 2010A-0441, 2010B-0598) and spectroscopic observations from VLT programs 086. A-0741 and 286. A-5021 and Gemini program GS-2009B-Q-16 were included in this work. Additional data were obtained with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes and the Swope telescope, which are located at the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope (PIDs 60099, 70053), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. The Digitized Sky Surveys were produced at the Space Telescope Science Institute under U.S. Government grant NAGW-2166. The images of these surveys are based on photographic data obtained using the Oschin Schmidt Telescope on Palomar Mountain and the UK Schmidt Telescope. The plates were processed into the present compressed digital form with the permission of these institutions. NR 99 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 1 AR 22 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/22 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 046ER UT WOS:000311748800022 ER PT J AU Fernando, P Leimgruber, P Prasad, T Pastorini, J AF Fernando, Prithiviraj Leimgruber, Peter Prasad, Tharaka Pastorini, Jennifer TI Problem-Elephant Translocation: Translocating the Problem and the Elephant? SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PROTECTED AREA; ASIAN ELEPHANT; AFRICAN ELEPHANTS; BLACK BEARS; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; MOVEMENTS; CONFLICTS; BEHAVIOR; TOOL AB Human-elephant conflict (HEC) threatens the survival of endangered Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Translocating "problem-elephants" is an important HEC mitigation and elephant conservation strategy across elephant range, with hundreds translocated annually. In the first comprehensive assessment of elephant translocation, we monitored 16 translocations in Sri Lanka with GPS collars. All translocated elephants were released into national parks. Two were killed within the parks where they were released, while all the others left those parks. Translocated elephants showed variable responses: "homers" returned to the capture site, "wanderers" ranged widely, and "settlers" established home ranges in new areas soon after release. Translocation caused wider propagation and intensification of HEC, and increased elephant mortality. We conclude that translocation defeats both HEC mitigation and elephant conservation goals. C1 [Fernando, Prithiviraj; Pastorini, Jennifer] Ctr Conservat & Res, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka. [Leimgruber, Peter] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA USA. [Prasad, Tharaka] Dept Wildlife Conservat, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka. [Pastorini, Jennifer] Univ Zurich, Inst Anthropol, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Pastorini, J (reprint author), Ctr Conservat & Res, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka. EM jenny@aim.uzh.ch RI Pastorini, Jennifer/A-9959-2012; Fernando, Prithiviraj/I-8238-2012; Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015 OI Pastorini, Jennifer/0000-0001-5883-0208; Fernando, Prithiviraj/0000-0001-6968-4189; Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Asian Elephant Conservation Fund; Alexander Abraham Foundation; Sidney S. Byers Charitable Trust; Eco Health Alliance; Friends of the National Zoo (FONZ); Circus Knie; Smithsonian Women's Committee; Vontobel Stiftung; PAM-WCP Project of the DWC FX This work was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Asian Elephant Conservation Fund, Alexander Abraham Foundation, Sidney S. Byers Charitable Trust, Eco Health Alliance, Friends of the National Zoo (FONZ), Circus Knie, Smithsonian Women's Committee, Vontobel Stiftung, and the PAM-WCP Project of the DWC. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 65 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 99 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 7 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 12 AR e50917 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0050917 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 050OT UT WOS:000312064100042 PM 23236404 ER PT J AU Pletsch, HJ Guillemot, L Fehrmann, H Allen, B Kramer, M Aulbert, C Ackermann, M Ajello, M de Angelis, A Atwood, WB Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Borgland, AW Bottacini, E Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chaves, RCG Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Cutini, S D'Ammando, F Dermer, CD Digel, SW Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Dubois, R Dumora, D Favuzzi, C Ferrara, EC Franckowiak, A Fukazawa, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hanabata, Y Harding, AK den Hartog, PR Hayashida, M Hays, E Hill, AB Hou, X Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Jackson, MS Jogler, T Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kataoka, J Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Larsson, S Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Massaro, F Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Mehault, J Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Nemmen, R Nuss, E Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orienti, M Orlando, E de Palma, F Paneque, D Perkins, JS Piron, F Pivato, G Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Ray, PS Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Romani, RW Romoli, C Sanchez, DA Parkinson, PMS Schulz, A Sgro, C Silva, EDE Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Spandre, G Spinelli, P Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tinivella, M Troja, E Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vianello, G Vitale, V Waite, AP Winer, BL Wood, KS Wood, M Yang, Z Zimmer, S AF Pletsch, H. J. Guillemot, L. Fehrmann, H. Allen, B. Kramer, M. Aulbert, C. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. de Angelis, A. Atwood, W. B. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Borgland, A. W. Bottacini, E. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Charles, E. Chaves, R. C. G. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. Dermer, C. D. Digel, S. W. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Favuzzi, C. Ferrara, E. C. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. den Hartog, P. R. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Hill, A. B. Hou, X. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Jackson, M. S. Jogler, T. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kataoka, J. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Massaro, F. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Mehault, J. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Nemmen, R. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. de Palma, F. Paneque, D. Perkins, J. S. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Ray, P. S. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Romani, R. W. Romoli, C. Sanchez, D. A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Schulz, A. Sgro, C. do Couto e Silva, E. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tinivella, M. Troja, E. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vianello, G. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Wood, M. Yang, Z. Zimmer, S. TI Binary Millisecond Pulsar Discovery via Gamma-Ray Pulsations SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; BLIND FREQUENCY SEARCHES; FERMI-LAT; SPACE-TELESCOPE; SOURCE CATALOG; POPULATION; PLANET; YOUNG AB Millisecond pulsars, old neutron stars spun up by accreting matter from a companion star, can reach high rotation rates of hundreds of revolutions per second. Until now, all such "recycled" rotation-powered pulsars have been detected by their spin-modulated radio emission. In a computing-intensive blind search of gamma-ray data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (with partial constraints from optical data), we detected a 2.5-millisecond pulsar, PSR J1311-3430. This unambiguously explains a formerly unidentified gamma-ray source that had been a decade-long enigma, confirming previous conjectures. The pulsar is in a circular orbit with an orbital period of only 93 minutes, the shortest of any spin-powered pulsar binary ever found. C1 [Pletsch, H. J.; Fehrmann, H.; Allen, B.; Aulbert, C.] Albert Einstein Inst, Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Pletsch, H. J.; Fehrmann, H.; Allen, B.; Aulbert, C.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Gravitat Phys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Guillemot, L.; Kramer, M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Allen, B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Kramer, M.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 PPL, Lancs, England. [Ackermann, M.; Mayer, M.; Schulz, A.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Borgland, A. W.; Bottacini, E.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Franckowiak, A.; Godfrey, G.; den Hartog, P. R.; Hayashida, M.; Hill, A. B.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Kerr, M.; Lande, J.; Massaro, F.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Waite, A. P.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Borgland, A. W.; Bottacini, E.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Franckowiak, A.; Godfrey, G.; den Hartog, P. R.; Hayashida, M.; Hill, A. B.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Kerr, M.; Lande, J.; Massaro, F.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Waite, A. P.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Atwood, W. B.; Razzano, M.; Ritz, S.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Razzano, M.; Ritz, S.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baldini, L.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Chaves, R. C. G.; Grenier, I. A.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, CEA,IRFU,CNRS,Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Pivato, G.; Rando, R.; Romoli, C.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Kuss, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.; Tinivella, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Brandt, T. J.; Knoedlseder, J.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Brandt, T. J.; Knoedlseder, J.] Univ Toulouse, GAHEC, UPS OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France. [Brigida, M.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; de Palma, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; de Palma, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; de Palma, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Hadasch, D.] IEEE CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; D'Ammando, F.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Celik, Oe; Ferrara, E. C.; Gehrels, N.; Guiriec, S.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; McEnery, J. E.; Nemmen, R.; Perkins, J. S.; Thompson, D. J.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Perkins, J. S.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe; Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Ray, P. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Mehault, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.; Yang, Z.; Zimmer, S.] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Larsson, S.; Yang, Z.; Zimmer, S.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [D'Ammando, F.] IASF Palermo, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Hou, X.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Grondin, M. -H.; Sanchez, D. A.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. [Grondin, M. -H.] Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Hayashida, M.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Hill, A. B.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Hughes, R. E.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hughes, R. E.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Jackson, M. S.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kataoka, J.; Nakamori, T.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Latronico, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ohno, M.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Perkins, J. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Vianello, G.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Pletsch, HJ (reprint author), Albert Einstein Inst, Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. EM holger.pletsch@aei.mpg.de RI Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Massaro, Francesco/L-9102-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Saz Parkinson, Pablo Miguel/I-7980-2013; Nemmen, Rodrigo/O-6841-2014; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 OI orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278; Massaro, Francesco/0000-0002-1704-9850; Aulbert, Carsten/0000-0002-1481-8319; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Hill, Adam/0000-0003-3470-4834; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Allen, Bruce/0000-0003-4285-6256; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; FU Max-Planck-Gesellschaft FX This work was supported by the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from several agencies and institutes for both development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and Department of Energy (United States), CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS (France), ASI and INFN (Italy), MEXT, KEK, and JAXA (Japan), and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the National Space Board (Sweden). Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. Fermi LAT data are available from the Fermi Science Support Center (http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc). NR 32 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 7 PY 2012 VL 338 IS 6112 BP 1314 EP 1317 DI 10.1126/science.1229054 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 049NZ UT WOS:000311991200058 PM 23112297 ER PT J AU Veijalainen, A Wahlberg, N Broad, GR Erwin, TL Longino, JT Saaksjarvi, IE AF Veijalainen, Anu Wahlberg, Niklas Broad, Gavin R. Erwin, Terry L. Longino, John T. Saaksjarvi, Ilari E. TI Unprecedented ichneumonid parasitoid wasp diversity in tropical forests SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cryptic species; DNA barcoding; latitudinal diversity gradient; Neotropics; Orthocentrinae ID LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; HYMENOPTERA; EXTINCTION; RICHNESS; PATTERNS; SCALE AB The megadiverse parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) is classically considered an exception to the extensively studied latitudinal diversity gradient: the majority of ichneumonid species are described from temperate regions. The gradient has been hypothesized to be dependent on the biology of the wasps, but recently questions of sampling and description biases have been raised. Here, we show with primary data that the species richness of Ichneumonidae is markedly underestimated in tropical areas and that latitudinal diversity patterns in the family remain uncharacterized. We discovered a startling 177 likely undescribed orthocentrine species with relatively low sampling effort in the forests of Central America and Amazonian Ecuador, over three times the previously known orthocentrine diversity in the world's tropics. Species accumulation curves reveal that we are just beginning to unveil the true extent of tropical orthocentrine diversity. We also found evidence for cryptic species; our DNA analysis revealed additional species not easily distinguishable using morphological characteristics. The difficulty in establishing species richness patterns of Ichneumonidae probably follows from the relative lack of taxonomic expertise and the low density of ichneumonid species throughout the landscape. C1 [Veijalainen, Anu; Wahlberg, Niklas; Saaksjarvi, Ilari E.] Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Turku 20014, Finland. [Veijalainen, Anu] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Broad, Gavin R.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 5BD, England. [Erwin, Terry L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Longino, John T.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Veijalainen, A (reprint author), Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Turku 20014, Finland. EM anu.veijalainen@utu.fi RI Wahlberg, Niklas/B-7765-2008 OI Wahlberg, Niklas/0000-0002-1259-3363 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0640015]; The Academy of Finland [129811]; Kone Foundation grant Biodiversity and multiple trophic interactions; The Finnish Society of Forest Science, Jenny; Antti Wihuri Foundation; Smithsonian Institution Graduate Student Fellowship; SYNTHESYS FX We thank Ecuambiente Consulting Group, S. A., Quito, Ecuador for field work and the Smithsonian Institution for travel and field assistants in Ecuador. Project LLAMA was supported by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0640015. Laboratory work was funded by The Academy of Finland grant no. 129811 (N.W.) and Kone Foundation grant Biodiversity and multiple trophic interactions (I.E.S.). The Finnish Society of Forest Science, Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation, Smithsonian Institution Graduate Student Fellowship, and SYNTHESYS provided personal funding to A.V. We also thank Matthew Buffington and Michael Sharkey for arranging the LLAMA samples, TEGLab staff (University of Turku) for assistance with the DNA work, Carol Castillo for data processing, Jukka Salmela for comments on the species estimations, and Karolyn Darrow, David Wahl and Jason Weintraub for sending images of type specimens. Two anonymous referees provided valuable comments on the manuscript. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 45 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 7 PY 2012 VL 279 IS 1748 BP 4694 EP 4698 DI 10.1098/rspb.2012.1664 PG 5 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 030JJ UT WOS:000310566700002 PM 23034706 ER PT J AU Knornschild, M Jung, K Nagy, M Metz, M Kalko, E AF Knoernschild, Mirjam Jung, Kirsten Nagy, Martina Metz, Markus Kalko, Elisabeth TI Bat echolocation calls facilitate social communication SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE eavesdropping; sex-specific signature; individual signature; Saccopteryx bilineata; vocal communication; Chiroptera ID SAC-WINGED BAT; BIG BROWN BATS; SACCOPTERYX-BILINEATA; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; INDIVIDUAL IDENTITY; EMBALLONURID BATS; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; NYCTALUS-NOCTULA; MATING SYSTEM; BODY-SIZE AB Bat echolocation is primarily used for orientation and foraging but also holds great potential for social communication. The communicative function of echolocation calls is still largely unstudied, especially in the wild. Eavesdropping on vocal signatures encoding social information in echolocation calls has not, to our knowledge, been studied in free-living bats so far. We analysed echolocation calls of the polygynous bat Saccopteryx bilineata and found pronounced vocal signatures encoding sex and individual identity. We showed experimentally that free-living males discriminate approaching male and female conspecifics solely based on their echolocation calls. Males always produced aggressive vocalizations when hearing male echolocation calls and courtship vocalizations when hearing female echolocation calls; hence, they responded with complex social vocalizations in the appropriate social context. Our study demonstrates that social information encoded in bat echolocation calls plays a crucial and hitherto underestimated role for eavesdropping conspecifics and thus facilitates social communication in a highly mobile nocturnal mammal. C1 [Knoernschild, Mirjam; Jung, Kirsten; Metz, Markus; Kalko, Elisabeth] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Nagy, Martina] Humboldt Univ, Museum Nat Kunde, Leibniz Inst Res Evolut & Biodivers, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Kalko, Elisabeth] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Knornschild, M (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM mirjam.knoernschild@uni-ulm.de RI Nagy, Martina/D-2636-2012; Metz, Markus/C-5471-2011; Knornschild, Mirjam/C-9401-2011 OI Metz, Markus/0000-0002-4038-8754; FU University of Ulm, Germany; National System of Conservation Areas (SINAC) FX We are indebted to the owners of Curu Wildlife Refuge and Villa Lapas Eco-Resort for their logistic support. The Costa Rican authorities, especially Javier Guevara and the National System of Conservation Areas (SINAC), allocated both support and research permissions. Funding was provided by a start-up grant from the University of Ulm, Germany, to M.K. NR 61 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 100 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 7 PY 2012 VL 279 IS 1748 BP 4827 EP 4835 DI 10.1098/rspb.2012.1995 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 030JJ UT WOS:000310566700019 PM 23034703 ER PT J AU Lattanzi, V Thorwirth, S Gottlieb, CA McCarthy, MC AF Lattanzi, Valerio Thorwirth, Sven Gottlieb, Carl A. McCarthy, Michael C. TI Two Isomers of Protonated Isocyanic Acid: Evidence for an Ion-Molecule Pathway for HNCO <-> HOCN Isomerization SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE; FULMINIC ACID; MICROWAVE-SPECTRA; BASIS-SETS; SPECTROSCOPY; HCNO; THERMOCHEMISTRY; EXISTENCE; FORMAMIDE; CLOUDS AB Ion-molecule reactions are thought to play a crucial role in the formation of metastable isomers, but relatively few protonated intermediates beyond HNCH+ have been characterized at high spectral resolution. We present here laboratory measurements of the rotational spectra of protonated isocyanic acid in two isomeric forms, the ground state H2NCO+ with C-2v symmetry and a low-lying bent chain HNCOH+, guided by coupled cluster calculations of their molecular structure. Somewhat surprisingly, HNCOH+ is found to be more abundant than H2NCO+, even though this metastable isomer is calculated to lie approximately 15-20 kcal/mol higher in energy. In the same way that HCNH+ serves as a key intermediate in ion-molecule reactions that form HNC via dissociative electron recombination in cold dense interstellar molecular clouds, HNCOH+ may play an analogous role in the conversion of HNCO to HOCN. C1 [Lattanzi, Valerio; Gottlieb, Carl A.; McCarthy, Michael C.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lattanzi, Valerio; Gottlieb, Carl A.; McCarthy, Michael C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Thorwirth, Sven] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RP McCarthy, MC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mccarthy@cfa.harvard.edu RI Thorwirth, Sven/C-6217-2011; OI Thorwirth, Sven/0000-0001-8200-6710; McCarthy, Michael/0000-0001-9142-0008 FU NSF [CHE-1058063]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [TH 1301/3-1] FX The authors thank R Saykally, B. Winnewisser, and H. Gupta for helpful discussions, and F. F. Crim for advice on the synthesis of isocyanic acid. The work in Cambridge is supported by NSF Grant No. CHE-1058063. S.T. gratefully acknowledges support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through Grant TH 1301/3-1. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 2012 VL 3 IS 23 BP 3420 EP 3424 DI 10.1021/jz301520s PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 052AR UT WOS:000312170600004 PM 26290966 ER PT J AU Gullans, M Tiecke, TG Chang, DE Feist, J Thompson, JD Cirac, JI Zoller, P Lukin, MD AF Gullans, M. Tiecke, T. G. Chang, D. E. Feist, J. Thompson, J. D. Cirac, J. I. Zoller, P. Lukin, M. D. TI Nanoplasmonic Lattices for Ultracold Atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLD ATOMS; QUANTUM; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; METAMATERIALS; TRANSITION; DRIVEN; METALS; STATES; TRAPS AB We propose to use subwavelength confinement of light associated with the near field of plasmonic systems to create nanoscale optical lattices for ultracold atoms. Our approach combines the unique coherence properties of isolated atoms with the subwavelength manipulation and strong light-matter interaction associated with nanoplasmonic systems. It allows one to considerably increase the energy scales in the realization of Hubbard models and to engineer effective long-range interactions in coherent and dissipative many-body dynamics. Realistic imperfections and potential applications are discussed. C1 [Gullans, M.; Tiecke, T. G.; Feist, J.; Thompson, J. D.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tiecke, T. G.] MIT, MIT Harvard Ctr Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Tiecke, T. G.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chang, D. E.] ICFO Inst Ciencies Foton, Castelldefels 08860, Barcelona, Spain. [Cirac, J. I.] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Zoller, P.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Feist, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gullans, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014; Feist, Johannes/J-7394-2012; OI Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505; Feist, Johannes/0000-0002-7972-0646; Gullans, Michael/0000-0003-3974-2987 FU Harvard-MIT CUA; NSF; Physics Frontier Center; EU project AQUTE; ARO; DARPA OLE program; Stanford AFOSR MURI [FA9550-12-1-0024]; Fundacio Privada Cellex Barcelona FX This work was supported by the Harvard-MIT CUA, NSF, the Physics Frontier Center, EU project AQUTE, the ARO, DARPA OLE program, and Stanford AFOSR MURI Grant No. FA9550-12-1-0024. D. E. C acknowledges support from Fundacio Privada Cellex Barcelona. NR 47 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 52 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 23 AR 235309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.235309 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 049WE UT WOS:000312013300002 PM 23368223 ER PT J AU Tobin, JJ Hartmann, L Chiang, HF Wilner, DJ Looney, LW Loinard, L Calvet, N D'Alessio, P AF Tobin, John J. Hartmann, Lee Chiang, Hsin-Fang Wilner, David J. Looney, Leslie W. Loinard, Laurent Calvet, Nuria D'Alessio, Paola TI A similar to 0.2-solar-mass protostar with a Keplerian disk in the very young L1527 IRS system SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID LOW-MASS PROTOSTARS; COMPLEX STRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; ENVELOPE; II.; ACCRETION; CORE AB In their earliest stages, protostars accrete mass from their surrounding envelopes through circumstellar disks. Until now, the smallest observed protostar-to-envelope mass ratio was about 2.1 (ref. 1). The protostar L1527 IRS is thought to be in the earliest stages of star formation(2). Its envelope contains about one solar mass of material within a radius of about 0.05 parsecs (refs 3, 4), and earlier observations suggested the presence of an edge-on disk(5). Here we report observations of dust continuum emission and (CO)-C-13 (rotational quantum number J = 2 -> 1) line emission from the disk around L1527 IRS, from which we determine a protostellar mass of 0.19 +/- 0.04 solar masses and a protostar-to-envelope mass ratio of about 0.2. We conclude that most of the luminosity is generated through the accretion process, with an accretion rate of about 6.6 x 10(-7) solar masses per year. If it has been accreting at that rate through much of its life, its age is approximately 300,000 years, although theory suggests larger accretion rates earlier(6), so it may be younger. The presence of a rotationally supported disk is confirmed, and significantly more mass may be added to its planet-forming region as well as to the protostar itself in the future. C1 [Tobin, John J.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Hartmann, Lee; Calvet, Nuria] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Chiang, Hsin-Fang; Looney, Leslie W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Chiang, Hsin-Fang] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Chiang, Hsin-Fang] Univ Hawaii Manoa, NASA Astrobiol Inst, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Wilner, David J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Loinard, Laurent; D'Alessio, Paola] UNAM, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. [Loinard, Laurent] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Tobin, JJ (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM jtobin@nrao.edu FU NASA [HSTHF-51300.01-A, NAS 5-26555]; Space Telescope Science Institute; University of Michigan; NASA through the NASA Astrobiology Institute through the Office of Space Science [NNA09DA77A]; Laboratory for Astronomical Imaging at the University of Illinois; NSF [AST-07-09206]; PAPIIT-UNAM; DGAPA; UNAM; CONACyT (Mexico); Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung; Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica FX We thank E. Bergin for comments on the manuscript and W. Kwon for discussing improvements to the data reduction. J.J.T. was supported by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HSTHF-51300.01-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. L. H. and J.J.T. acknowledge partial support from the University of Michigan. H.-F.C. was supported by NASA through the NASA Astrobiology Institute under cooperative agreement NNA09DA77A issued through the Office of Space Science. L. W. L. and H.-F.C. acknowledge support from the Laboratory for Astronomical Imaging at the University of Illinois and the NSF under grant AST-07-09206. P. D. acknowledges a grant from PAPIIT-UNAM. L. L. was supported by DGAPA, UNAM, CONACyT (Mexico) and the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung. Support for CARMA construction was derived from the states of Illinois, California and Maryland, the James S. McDonnell Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Kenneth T. and Eileen L. Norris Foundation, the University of Chicago, the Associates of the California Institute of Technology, and the NSF. Continuing CARMA development and operations are supported by the NSF under a cooperative agreement, and by the CARMA partner universities. The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the NSF operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. NR 27 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 6 PY 2012 VL 492 IS 7427 BP 83 EP 85 DI 10.1038/nature11610 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 048EQ UT WOS:000311893400049 PM 23222612 ER PT J AU Blume, D AF Blume, D. TI Universal Four-Body States in Heavy-Light Mixtures with a Positive Scattering Length SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; GASES; ATOMS AB The number of four-body states known to behave universally is small. This work adds a new class of four-body states to this relatively short list. We predict the existence of a universal four-body bound state for heavy-light mixtures consisting of three identical heavy fermions and a fourth distinguishable lighter particle with a mass ratio kappa greater than or similar to 9.5 and short-range interspecies interaction characterized by a positive s-wave scattering length. The structural properties of these universal states are discussed, and finite-range effects are analyzed. The bound states can be experimentally realized and probed by utilizing ultracold atom mixtures. C1 [Blume, D.] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Blume, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Blume, D (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU NSF [PHY-0855332, PHY-1205443]; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory FX D.B. thanks Javier von Stecher for suggesting to look at heavy-light mixtures with positive scattering length and Seth Rittenhouse for fruitful discussions. Support by the NSF through Grants No. PHY-0855332 and No. PHY-1205443 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was additionally supported by the National Science Foundation through a grant for the Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics at Harvard University and Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 5 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 23 AR 230404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.230404 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 049VT UT WOS:000312012200001 PM 23368171 ER PT J AU Hinojosa, G Covington, AM Alna'Washi, GA Lu, M Phaneuf, RA Sant'Anna, MM Cisneros, C Alvarez, I Aguilar, A Kilcoyne, ALD Schlachter, AS Ballance, CP McLaughlin, BM AF Hinojosa, G. Covington, A. M. Alna'Washi, G. A. Lu, M. Phaneuf, R. A. Sant'Anna, M. M. Cisneros, C. Alvarez, I. Aguilar, A. Kilcoyne, A. L. D. Schlachter, A. S. Ballance, C. P. McLaughlin, B. M. TI Valence-shell single photoionization of Kr+ ions: Experiment and theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE ELEMENTS; R-MATRIX METHOD; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; ATOMIC DATA; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; ENERGY-LEVELS; KRYPTON IONS; ABUNDANCES; SPECTROSCOPY; BROMINE AB Photoionization of Kr+ ions was studied in the energy range from 23.3 to 39.0 eV at a photon energy resolution of 7.5 meV. Absolute measurements were performed by merging beams of Kr+ ions and of monochromatized synchrotron undulator radiation. Photoionization (PI) of this Br-like ion is characterized by multiple Rydberg series of autoionizing resonances superimposed on a direct PI continuum. Resonance features observed in the experimental spectra are spectroscopically assigned and their energies and quantum defects tabulated. The high-resolution cross-section measurements are benchmarked against state-of-the-art theoretical cross-section calculations from the Dirac-Coulomb R-matrix method [J. Phys. B 45, 085701 (2012)]. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.063402 C1 [Hinojosa, G.; Covington, A. M.; Alna'Washi, G. A.; Lu, M.; Phaneuf, R. A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Sant'Anna, M. M.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Cisneros, C.; Alvarez, I.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. [Aguilar, A.; Kilcoyne, A. L. D.; Schlachter, A. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ballance, C. P.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [McLaughlin, B. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hinojosa, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Fis, Apartado Postal 48-3, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. EM hinojosa@fis.unam.mx; alnawashi@hu.edu.jo; b.mclaughlin@qub.ac.uk RI Sant'Anna, Marcelo/B-9355-2013; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 OI Sant'Anna, Marcelo/0000-0001-5342-5799; FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Energy Biosciences Division, of the US Department of Energy [DE-FG03-00ER14787, DE-FG02-03ER15424]; University of Nevada, Reno; Nevada DOE/EPSCoR Program in Chemical Physics; CONACyT, Cuernavaca, Mexico; ICF-UNAM, Cuernavaca, Mexico [DGAPA UNAM-IN 113010]; CNPq (Brazil); US Department of Energy (DoE) grants through Auburn University; US National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation [OCI-1053575]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank J. M. Bizau from the Universite Paris-Sud, France for the published merged-beam data from his group to compare with the present work. The experimental work was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Energy Biosciences Division, of the US Department of Energy under Grants No. DE-FG03-00ER14787 and No. DE-FG02-03ER15424 with the University of Nevada, Reno; by the Nevada DOE/EPSCoR Program in Chemical Physics, and by CONACyT, Cuernavaca, Mexico. I.A., C. C., and G. H. acknowledge Grants No. DGAPA UNAM-IN 113010, through ICF-UNAM, Cuernavaca, Mexico. M.M.S'A. acknowledges support from CNPq (Brazil). C. P. B. was supported by US Department of Energy (DoE) grants through Auburn University. B. M. M. acknowledges support from the US National Science Foundation under the visitors program through a grant to ITAMP at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. The computational work was performed at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center in Oakland, CA, and on the Kraken XT5 facility at the National Institute for Computational Science (NICS) in Knoxville, TN. The Kraken XT5 facility is a resource of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. OCI-1053575. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 5 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 6 AR 063402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.063402 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 048KI UT WOS:000311909800003 ER PT J AU Appeltans, W Ahyong, ST Anderson, G Angel, MV Artois, T Bailly, N Bamber, R Barber, A Bartsch, I Berta, A Blazewicz-Paszkowycz, M Bock, P Boxshall, G Boyko, CB Brandao, SN Bray, RA Bruce, NL Cairns, SD Chan, TY Cheng, LN Collins, AG Cribb, T Curini-Galletti, M Dahdouh-Guebas, F Davie, PJF Dawson, MN De Clerck, O Decock, W De Grave, S de Voogd, NJ Domning, DP Emig, CC Erseus, C Eschmeyer, W Fauchald, K Fautin, DG Feist, SW Fransen, CHJM Furuya, H Garcia-Alvarez, O Gerken, S Gibson, D Gittenberger, A Gofas, S Gomez-Daglio, L Gordon, DP Guiry, MD Hernandez, F Hoeksema, BW Hopcroft, RR Jaume, D Kirk, P Koedam, N Koenemann, S Kolb, JB Kristensen, RM Kroh, A Lambert, G Lazarus, DB Lemaitre, R Longshaw, M Lowry, J Macpherson, E Madin, LP Mah, C Mapstone, G McLaughlin, PA Mees, J Meland, K Messing, CG Mills, CE Molodtsova, TN Mooi, R Neuhaus, B Ng, PKL Nielsen, C Norenburg, J Opresko, DM Osawa, M Paulay, G Perrin, W Pilger, JF Poore, GCB Pugh, P Read, GB Reimer, JD Rius, M Rocha, RM Saiz-Salinas, JI Scarabino, V Schierwater, B Schmidt-Rhaesa, A Schnabel, KE Schotte, M Schuchert, P Schwabe, E Segers, H Self-Sullivan, C Shenkar, N Siegel, V Sterrer, W Stohr, S Swalla, B Tasker, ML Thuesen, EV Timm, T Todaro, MA Turon, X Tyler, S Uetz, P van der Land, J Vanhoorne, B van Ofwegen, LP van Soest, RWM Vanaverbeke, J Walker-Smith, G Walter, TC Warren, A Williams, GC Wilson, SP Costello, MJ AF Appeltans, Ward Ahyong, Shane T. Anderson, Gary Angel, Martin V. Artois, Tom Bailly, Nicolas Bamber, Roger Barber, Anthony Bartsch, Ilse Berta, Annalisa Blazewicz-Paszkowycz, Magdalena Bock, Phil Boxshall, Geoff Boyko, Christopher B. Brandao, Simone Nunes Bray, Rod A. Bruce, Niel L. Cairns, Stephen D. Chan, Tin-Yam Cheng, Lanna Collins, Allen G. Cribb, Thomas Curini-Galletti, Marco Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid Davie, Peter J. F. Dawson, Michael N. De Clerck, Olivier Decock, Wim De Grave, Sammy de Voogd, Nicole J. Domning, Daryl P. Emig, Christian C. Erseus, Christer Eschmeyer, William Fauchald, Kristian Fautin, Daphne G. Feist, Stephen W. Fransen, Charles H. J. M. Furuya, Hidetaka Garcia-Alvarez, Oscar Gerken, Sarah Gibson, David Gittenberger, Arjan Gofas, Serge Gomez-Daglio, Liza Gordon, Dennis P. Guiry, Michael D. Hernandez, Francisco Hoeksema, Bert W. Hopcroft, Russell R. Jaume, Damia Kirk, Paul Koedam, Nico Koenemann, Stefan Kolb, Juergen B. Kristensen, Reinhardt M. Kroh, Andreas Lambert, Gretchen Lazarus, David B. Lemaitre, Rafael Longshaw, Matt Lowry, Jim Macpherson, Enrique Madin, Laurence P. Mah, Christopher Mapstone, Gill McLaughlin, Patsy A. Mees, Jan Meland, Kenneth Messing, Charles G. Mills, Claudia E. Molodtsova, Tina N. Mooi, Rich Neuhaus, Birger Ng, Peter K. L. Nielsen, Claus Norenburg, Jon Opresko, Dennis M. Osawa, Masayuki Paulay, Gustav Perrin, William Pilger, John F. Poore, Gary C. B. Pugh, Phil Read, Geoffrey B. Reimer, James D. Rius, Marc Rocha, Rosana M. Saiz-Salinas, Jose I. Scarabino, Victor Schierwater, Bernd Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas Schnabel, Kareen E. Schotte, Marilyn Schuchert, Peter Schwabe, Enrico Segers, Hendrik Self-Sullivan, Caryn Shenkar, Noa Siegel, Volker Sterrer, Wolfgang Stohr, Sabine Swalla, Billie Tasker, Mark L. Thuesen, Erik V. Timm, Tarmo Todaro, M. Antonio Turon, Xavier Tyler, Seth Uetz, Peter van der Land, Jacob Vanhoorne, Bart van Ofwegen, Leen P. van Soest, Rob W. M. Vanaverbeke, Jan Walker-Smith, Genefor Walter, T. Chad Warren, Alan Williams, Gary C. Wilson, Simon P. Costello, Mark J. TI The Magnitude of Global Marine Species Diversity SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RICHNESS; FUTURE; BIODIVERSITY; TAXONOMISTS; KNOWLEDGE; OCEANS; WORMS; RATES AB Background: The question of how many marine species exist is important because it provides a metric for how much we do and do not know about life in the oceans. We have compiled the first register of the marine species of the world and used this baseline to estimate how many more species, partitioned among all major eukaryotic groups, may be discovered. Results: There are similar to 226,000 eukaryotic marine species described. More species were described in the past decade (similar to 20,000) than in any previous one. The number of authors describing new species has been increasing at a faster rate than the number of new species described in the past six decades. We report that there are similar to 170,000 synonyms, that 58,000-72,000 species are collected but not yet described, and that 482,000-741,000 more species have yet to be sampled. Molecular methods may add tens of thousands of cryptic species. Thus, there may be 0.7-1.0 million marine species. Past rates of description of new species indicate there may be 0.5 +/- 0.2 million marine species. On average 37% (median 31%) of species in over 100 recent field studies around the world might be new to science. Conclusions: Currently, between one-third and two-thirds of marine species may be undescribed, and previous estimates of there being well over one million marine species appear highly unlikely. More species than ever before are being described annually by an increasing number of authors. If the current trend continues, most species will be discovered this century. C1 [Appeltans, Ward; Decock, Wim; Hernandez, Francisco; Vanhoorne, Bart] Flanders Marine Inst, Flemish Marine Data & Informat Ctr, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium. [Appeltans, Ward] Intergovt Oceanog Commiss UNESCO, IOC Project Off IODE, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium. [Ahyong, Shane T.; Lowry, Jim] Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. [Ahyong, Shane T.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Anderson, Gary] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Angel, Martin V.; Pugh, Phil] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Artois, Tom] Hasselt Univ, Ctr Environm Sci, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. [Bailly, Nicolas] WorldFish Ctr, Los Banos 4031, Laguna, Philippines. [Bamber, Roger] ARTOO Marine Biol Consultants, Southampton SO14 5QY, Hants, England. [Barber, Anthony] British Myriapod & Isopod Grp, Ivybridge PL21 0BD, Devon, England. [Bartsch, Ilse] Res Inst & Nat Hist Museum, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Berta, Annalisa] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Blazewicz-Paszkowycz, Magdalena] Univ Lodz, Lab Polar Biol & Oceanobiol, PL-90237 Lodz, Poland. [Bock, Phil; Poore, Gary C. B.; Walker-Smith, Genefor] Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. [Boxshall, Geoff; Bray, Rod A.; Gibson, David; Mapstone, Gill; Warren, Alan] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 5BD, England. [Boyko, Christopher B.] Dowling Coll, Dept Biol, Oakdale, NY 11769 USA. [Brandao, Simone Nunes] Senckenberg Res Inst, German Ctr Marine Biodivers Res DZMB, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. [Brandao, Simone Nunes] Univ Hamburg, Zool Museum Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Brandao, Simone Nunes] Zool Inst & Zool Museum, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Bruce, Niel L.] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Zool, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. [Bruce, Niel L.] Queensland Museum, Museum Trop Queensland, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Bruce, Niel L.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Cairns, Stephen D.; Fauchald, Kristian; Lemaitre, Rafael; Mah, Christopher; Norenburg, Jon; Opresko, Dennis M.; Schotte, Marilyn; Walter, T. Chad] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Chan, Tin-Yam] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Marine Biol, Chilung 20224, Taiwan. [Cheng, Lanna] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Cribb, Thomas] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Curini-Galletti, Marco] Univ Sassari, Dipartimento Sci Nat & Terr, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Lab Syst Ecol & Resource Management, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid; Koedam, Nico] Vrije Univ Brussel, Plant Biol & Nat Management Res Grp, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Davie, Peter J. F.] Queensland Museum, Ctr Biodivers, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. [Dawson, Michael N.; Gomez-Daglio, Liza] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [De Clerck, Olivier] Univ Ghent, Phycol Res Grp, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [De Grave, Sammy] Univ Oxford, Museum Nat Hist, Oxford OX1 3PW, England. [de Voogd, Nicole J.; Fransen, Charles H. J. M.; Gittenberger, Arjan; Hoeksema, Bert W.; van der Land, Jacob; van Ofwegen, Leen P.; van Soest, Rob W. M.] Nat Biodivers Ctr, Dept Marine Zool, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Domning, Daryl P.] Howard Univ, Dept Anat, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Emig, Christian C.] BrachNet, F-13007 Marseille, France. [Erseus, Christer] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Eschmeyer, William; Paulay, Gustav] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Eschmeyer, William] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Ichthyol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Fautin, Daphne G.] Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Feist, Stephen W.; Longshaw, Matt] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth Lab, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. [Furuya, Hidetaka] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Biol, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Furuya, Hidetaka] Osaka Univ, Sch Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Garcia-Alvarez, Oscar] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Zool, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. [Gerken, Sarah] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Gofas, Serge] Univ Malaga, Dept Biol Anim, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. [Gordon, Dennis P.; Read, Geoffrey B.; Schnabel, Kareen E.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. [Guiry, Michael D.] Natl Univ Ireland, Ryan Inst, Galway, Ireland. [Hopcroft, Russell R.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Jaume, Damia] Univ Illes Balears, CSIC, Inst Mediterraneo Estudios Avanzados, Esporles 7190, Spain. [Kirk, Paul] CABI Bioserv, Egham TW20 9TY, Surrey, England. [Koenemann, Stefan] Univ Siegen, Dept Biol & Didact, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. [Kolb, Juergen B.] Massey Univ, Inst Nat Sci, Auckland 0745, New Zealand. [Kristensen, Reinhardt M.] Univ Copenhagen, Zool Museum, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Kroh, Andreas] Nat Hist Museum Vienna, Dept Geol & Paleontol, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. [Lambert, Gretchen] Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. [Lazarus, David B.; Neuhaus, Birger] Museum Naturkunde, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Macpherson, Enrique; Turon, Xavier] Consejo Super Invest Cient CEAB CSIC, Ctr Estudios Avanzados Blanes, Blanes 17300, Spain. [Madin, Laurence P.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McLaughlin, Patsy A.] Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. [Mees, Jan; Vanaverbeke, Jan] Univ Ghent, Marine Biol Res Grp, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Meland, Kenneth] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Messing, Charles G.; Self-Sullivan, Caryn] Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [Mills, Claudia E.; Swalla, Billie] Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mills, Claudia E.; Swalla, Billie] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Molodtsova, Tina N.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Mooi, Rich; Williams, Gary C.] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Invertebrate Zool & Geol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Ng, Peter K. L.] Natl Univ Singapore, Fac Sci, Raffles Museum Biodivers Res, Singapore 119260, Singapore. [Nielsen, Claus] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Osawa, Masayuki] Shimane Univ, Res Ctr Coastal Lagoon Environm, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan. [Perrin, William] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Pilger, John F.] Agnes Scott Coll, Dept Biol, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. [Reimer, James D.] Univ Ryukyus, Transdisciplinary Res Org Subtrop Isl Studies, Rising Star Program, Nishihara, Okinawa 9030213, Japan. [Rius, Marc] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rocha, Rosana M.] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Zool, BR-81531980 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Saiz-Salinas, Jose I.] Univ Basque Country, Dept Zool & Anim Cell Biol, Bilbao 48080, Spain. [Scarabino, Victor] Museo Nacl Hist Nat, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay. [Schierwater, Bernd] Tierarztlichen Hsch Hannover, ITZ, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. [Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas] Univ Hamburg, Biozentrum Grindel & Zool Museum, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Schuchert, Peter] Museum Hist Nat, CH-1208 Geneva, Switzerland. [Schwabe, Enrico] Bavarian State Collect Zool, D-81247 Munich, Germany. [Segers, Hendrik] Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Self-Sullivan, Caryn] Sirenian Int, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA. [Shenkar, Noa] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Siegel, Volker] Fed Res Ctr Fisheries, Inst Sea Fisheries, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. [Sterrer, Wolfgang] Bermuda Nat Hist Museum, Flatts, Bermuda. [Stohr, Sabine] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Tasker, Mark L.] Joint Nat Conservat Comm, Peterborough PE1 1JY, Cambs, England. [Thuesen, Erik V.] Evergreen State Coll, Lab 1, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. [Timm, Tarmo] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Ctr Limnol, EE-61117 Rannu, Estonia. [Todaro, M. Antonio] Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dept Life Sci, I-41125 Modena, Italy. [Tyler, Seth] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Uetz, Peter] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Ctr Study Biol Complex, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Wilson, Simon P.] Trin Coll Dublin, Sch Comp Sci & Stat, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Costello, Mark J.] Univ Auckland, Leigh Marine Lab, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. RP Appeltans, W (reprint author), Flanders Marine Inst, Flemish Marine Data & Informat Ctr, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium. EM ward.appeltans@gmail.com RI Molodtsova, Tina/E-1838-2015; de Voogd, Nicole/I-9280-2012; Uetz, Peter/A-7119-2012; Saiz Salinas, Jose Ignacio/I-5216-2015; Brandao, Simone/K-4672-2012; Norenburg, Jon/K-3481-2015; Fransen, Charles/A-6693-2017; Stohr, Sabine/B-8629-2011; Jaume, Damia/P-5559-2014; De Clerck, Olivier/A-9083-2010; Hoeksema, Bert/B-2973-2010; Nielsen, Claus/A-4794-2013; Rocha, Rosana/H-7989-2012; Kristensen, Reinhardt/A-8772-2013; Turon, Xavier/J-9211-2012; Segers, Hendrik/C-4101-2009; Longshaw, Matt/C-3884-2013; Todaro, M. Antonio/H-1311-2013; Gibson, David/D-3541-2009; Rius, Marc/C-5088-2011 OI De Grave, Sammy/0000-0002-2437-2445; Gofas, Serge Salvator/0000-0002-3141-3700; Kroh, Andreas/0000-0002-8566-8848; Wilson, Simon/0000-0003-0312-3586; Boxshall, Geoffrey/0000-0001-8170-7734; Costello, Mark/0000-0003-2362-0328; Molodtsova, Tina/0000-0001-7171-6952; de Voogd, Nicole/0000-0002-7985-5604; Uetz, Peter/0000-0001-6194-4927; Saiz Salinas, Jose Ignacio/0000-0002-6245-7589; Norenburg, Jon/0000-0001-7776-1527; Fransen, Charles/0000-0002-7760-2603; Dawson, Michael/0000-0001-7927-8395; Stohr, Sabine/0000-0002-2586-7239; Jaume, Damia/0000-0002-1857-3005; De Clerck, Olivier/0000-0002-3699-8402; Hoeksema, Bert/0000-0001-8259-3783; Rocha, Rosana/0000-0001-6712-7960; Kristensen, Reinhardt/0000-0001-9549-1188; Turon, Xavier/0000-0002-9229-5541; Segers, Hendrik/0000-0001-5399-3657; Todaro, M. Antonio/0000-0002-6353-7281; Gibson, David/0000-0002-2908-491X; Rius, Marc/0000-0002-2195-6605 FU EU project: Network of Excellence in Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (MarBEF); EU project: Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure (PESI); EU project: Distributed Dynamic Diversity Databases for Life (4D4Life); EU project: Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF); EU project: Census of Marine Life (CoML); EU Marine Science and Technology (MAST) research program FX WoRMS has benefited from funding as part of several EU projects: Network of Excellence in Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (MarBEF), Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure (PESI), Distributed Dynamic Diversity Databases for Life (4D4Life), the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), and the Census of Marine Life (CoML). It originated in the European Register of Marine Species (ERMS) that was funded by the EU Marine Science and Technology (MAST) research program. We thank Catherine McFadden (Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA) and Mark Brugman (University of Melbourne, Australia) for helpful discussion and the referees for helpful criticism. We wish to acknowledge the time contributed by mary more scientists and their institutions in creating WoRMS than are currently listed in the author list. This paper is dedicated to Jacob van der Land (1935-2011), who began the compilation of a digital inventory of all marine species in the mid-1990s, which contributed to WoRMS. NR 49 TC 214 Z9 219 U1 16 U2 275 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 EI 1879-0445 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD DEC 4 PY 2012 VL 22 IS 23 BP 2189 EP 2202 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2012.09.036 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 051GW UT WOS:000312115300015 PM 23159596 ER PT J AU Ferris, CD Kruse, JJ Lafontaine, JD Philip, KW Schmidt, BC Sikes, DS AF Ferris, Clifford D. Kruse, James J. Lafontaine, J. Donald Philip, Kenelm W. Schmidt, B. Christian Sikes, Derek S. TI A Checklist of the Moths of Alaska SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Alaska; checklist; Lepidoptera; moths; North America ID NORTH-AMERICA; LEPIDOPTERA; SPHINGIDAE; NOCTUIDAE; LIST AB This article represents the first published complete checklist of the moth taxa, resident and occasional, recorded to date for Alaska. Seven-hundred and ten species are listed. General species distribution ranges within the state are included. Three North American records are listed for the first time: Cydia cornucopiae (Tengstrom); Eucosma hohenwartiana ([D. & S.]); Acronicta menyanthidis (Vieweg). C1 [Ferris, Clifford D.] Univ Florida, McGuire Ctr Lepidoptera & Biodivers, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL USA. [Ferris, Clifford D.] Colorado State Univ, CP Gillette Museum Arthropod Div, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kruse, James J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Fairbanks Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Kruse, James J.; Philip, Kenelm W.; Sikes, Derek S.] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Schmidt, B. Christian] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Biodivers Program, Canadian Natl Collect Insects Arachnids & Nematod, Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Philip, Kenelm W.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Philip, Kenelm W.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ferris, CD (reprint author), 5405 Bill Nye Ave,RR 3, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM cdferris@uwyo.edu; jkruse@fs.fed.us; Don.Lafontaine@AGR.GC.CA; kwp.uaf@gmail.com; schmidtcb@inspection.gc.ca; dssikes@alaska.edu RI Yakovlev, Roman/J-7243-2013 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 4 PY 2012 IS 3571 BP 1 EP 25 PG 25 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 047QZ UT WOS:000311856900001 ER PT J AU Llano, C Ugan, A Guerci, A Otaola, C AF Llano, Carina Ugan, Andrew Guerci, Alejandra Otaola, Clara TI EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY AND NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THE FRUIT OF MESQUITE (PROSOPIS FLEXUOSA): INFERENCES ABOUT THE PRESENCE OF MACROREMAINS IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES SO INTERSECCIONES EN ANTROPOLOGIA LA Spanish DT Article DE Nutritional composition; Plant macroremains; Experimental milling; Prosopis flexuosa ID CHILENSIS MOL. STUNTZ; ARGENTINA; FABACEAE; DISPERSAL; ALGARROBO; PRODUCTS; PROTEIN; ANALOGY; DESERT; SEEDS AB Mesquite fruits Prosopis spp. are an important food resource for both humans and animals due to their high nutritional value, but key dietary components are unevenly distributed within the fruit. While carbohydrates occur in the soft, outer mesocarpo, proteins are found in the much harder seeds. This raises the potential for differences in processing costs, and may explain variation in the use of mesquite seeds described ethnographically. Here we report the results of a series of processing experiments that evaluate the nutritional value and time costs associated with increasing levels of mesquite processing (gathering and grounding) using traditional manos and metates. We show that while additional processing does lead to more protein in mesquite flour as seeds are broken down, differences in nutritional value are minimal, overall energetic value remains the same, and the high additional processing costs reduce energetic return rates. These results suggest that under most circumstances mesquite processed using these technologies would be done mostly to extract the carbohydrates. A comparison of residual plant parts from these experiments with similar plant macrofossils from regional archaeological sites suggest similar patterns of processing in the past, with an anthropogenic rather than natural origin for the recovered remains. C1 [Llano, Carina; Otaola, Clara] Museo Hist Nat San Rafael, RA-5600 Mendoza, Argentina. [Ugan, Andrew] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon Panama, Panama. [Guerci, Alejandra] Univ Nacl Cuyo, ICB, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. RP Llano, C (reprint author), Museo Hist Nat San Rafael, Parque Mariano Moreno S-N, RA-5600 Mendoza, Argentina. EM llano.carina@gmail.com; andrew.ugan@gmail.com; aleguerci@yahoo.com.ar; claraotaola@yahoo.com.ar NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU UNIV NAC CENTRO PROVINCIA BUENOS AIRES PI BUENOS AIRES PA FAC CIENCIAS SOCIALES, AVE ARISTOBULO DEL VALLE 5737, BUENOS AIRES, OLAVARIA 7400, ARGENTINA SN 1850-373X J9 INTERSECCIONES ANTRO JI Intersecciones Antropol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 13 IS 2 BP 513 EP 524 PG 12 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 172LF UT WOS:000321003900017 ER PT J AU Collins, M AF Collins, Martin TI Untitled SO HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Collins, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0734-1512 J9 HIST TECHNOL JI Hist. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 373 EP 373 DI 10.1080/07341512.2012.771464 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 135GG UT WOS:000318275900001 ER PT J AU Clough, GW AF Clough, G. Wayne TI Untitled SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Clough, GW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD DEC PY 2012 VL 43 IS 8 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 059FT UT WOS:000312690500005 ER PT J AU Radcliffe, C Angliss, S AF Radcliffe, Caroline Angliss, Sarah TI Revolution: Challenging the automaton: Repetitive labour and dance in the industrial workspace SO PERFORMANCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB This chapter examines a performance devised and developed collaboratively by the authors between 2007 -11 which uses a repetitious, machine-inspired nineteenth-century dance to control a digital arts piece, exploring the performative interface between human machine workers and technology. The performance was awarded a Quake contemporary dance festival award in 2008. The dance, the The Machinery, traceable to the1820s, is striking as possibly the earliest example of the creative expression of alienation and dehumanization in the industrial workspace. Nineteenth-century cotton mill workers surrendered to the pace of the machine through necessity; in The Machinery, workers find a means of expression by coalescing with the machine, rather than escaping it, reflecting De Certeau's theories of the everyday'. A means of addressing boredom and repetition, the predominantly female workers responded performatively to the otherwise potentially overpowering and isolating noises and actions of the uniform and unceasing motion of the automaton' (Marx). The dance can be viewed as a way of maintaining the body's control, interaction and creativity, rather than allowing the body to become solely an extension of the capitalist means of production. Paralleling the working conditions of the nineteenth-century textile workers with those of today's computer operators, Radcliffe and Angliss created a mixed media performance piece inspired by women's interaction with technology. Taking the steps of the early nineteenth-century clog dance, they re-contextualised its history, using it to control a machine of the twenty-first century, the digital computer. Thus, the performers - dancer and computer operator - work together to create an intermedial space where the real world, occupied by the human worker, and virtual world of the machine are coupled to each other and acting in equal partnership. The extreme, machine-like control, virtuosity and physical endurance of the dance reflect the stamina required to survive repetitive labour in both the industrial and the post-industrial workplace. C1 [Radcliffe, Caroline] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Angliss, Sarah] Sci Museum London, London, England. [Angliss, Sarah] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Angliss, Sarah] BBC Radio 4, London, England. RP Radcliffe, C (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1352-8165 J9 PERFORM RES JI Perform. Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 17 IS 6 SI SI BP 40 EP 47 DI 10.1080/13528165.2013.775758 PG 8 WC Theater SC Theater GA 105XP UT WOS:000316106300007 ER PT J AU Baeza, JA Anderson, JR Spadar, AJ Behringer, DC AF Antonio Baeza, J. Anderson, Joshua R. Spadar, Angelo J. Behringer, Donald C. TI SEXUAL DIMORPHISM, ALLOMETRY, AND SIZE AT FIRST MATURITY OF THE CARIBBEAN KING CRAB, MITHRAX SPINOSISSIMUS, IN THE FLORIDA KEYS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE King crab; size at first maturity; male morphotypes; sexual dimorphism; sex ratio; Mithrax spinosissimus ID MAJA-SQUINADO DECAPODA; SPIDER CRAB; RELATIVE GROWTH; FORCEPS EDWARDS,A.MILNE; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; BRACHYURA; MAJIDAE; CRUSTACEA; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR AB The Caribbean King crab Mithrax spinosissimus is the largest brachyuran found in the western Atlantic and it supports subsistence and small commercial fisheries throughout the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Because of its short larval duration and rapid growth, M. spinosissimus is considered a good candidate for aquaculture. Out study documents for the first time the size at sexual maturity, sexual dimorphism, and allometric growth relative to carapace width for certain secondary sexual characters in male and female M. spinosissimus from the Florida Keys, Florida. Using principal component analysis, K-means cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis, we identified 2 major growth phases in the postlarval benthic life of this species (juvenile or prepubertal and adult or pubertal). The typical growth pattern for majoid crabs includes a third, intermediate growth phase that appears absent in M. spinosissimus. The major cheliped of males was larger than that of females and exhibited positive allometric growth to maturity, after which the level of allometry decreased. In females, both chelipeds exhibited positive allometry throughout ontogeny. Abdominal width was negatively allometric throughout ontogeny in males, whereas in females the abdomen exhibited positive allometric growth until reproductive maturity, at which point it became isometric. Logistic regression indicated that the carapace width at first maturity was 45.2 mm in males and 69.7 mm in females. This new information should be taken into account when assessing stocks and setting harvest regulations if this fishery is to be managed sustainably. C1 [Antonio Baeza, J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Antonio Baeza, J.] Univ Catolica Norte, Fac Ciencias Mar, Dept Marine Biol, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile. [Anderson, Joshua R.; Behringer, Donald C.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Anderson, Joshua R.; Behringer, Donald C.] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Spadar, Angelo J.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Baeza, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM BaezaA@si.edu OI Baeza, Juan Antonio/0000-0002-2573-6773 FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission [103232]; Old Dominion University FX We thank numerous people who helped collect or provide animals, including Rebecca Squib (UP), Casey Boleman (ODU), and Tom Matthews of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Marathon, FL. We thank Mark Butler for logistic and material assistance that helped make this study possible. This study was funded in part by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (contract 103232 to D. C. B. and J. A. B.). J. A. B. was supported by a post-doctoral fellowship from Old Dominion University during the current study. This is Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce contribution no. 897. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 25 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 31 IS 4 BP 909 EP 916 DI 10.2983/035.031.0401 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 068TN UT WOS:000313389200001 ER PT J AU Li, SG Cheng, YX Zhou, B Hines, AH AF Li, Shuguo Cheng, Yongxu Zhou, Bo Hines, Anson H. TI CHANGES IN BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF NEWLY SPAWNED EGGS, PREHATCHING EMBRYOS AND NEWLY HATCHED LARVAE OF THE BLUE CRAB CALLINECTES SAPIDUS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE blue crab; Callinectes sapidus; biochemical composition; embryonic development ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; DECAPOD CRUSTACEAN LARVAE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; FRESH-WATER; OVARY; HEPATOPANCREAS; MATURATION; SHRIMP; PRAWN; LIPOVITELLIN AB Changes in biochemical composition during the transition from eggs to larvae in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus were documented. The amounts of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates decreased from newly formed embryos (stage I) through prehatching embryos (stage II) to newly hatched larvae (stage III; P < 0.05), but the water content increased significantly from stage I to stage II (P < 0.05). Total saturated fatty acid increased significantly from stage I to stage II (P < 0.05), then the content of total saturated fatty acid in stage III decreased to a level similar to that in stage I. In contrast, total monounsaturated fatty acid, n3/n6, and docosahexaenoic acid-to-eicosapentaenoic acid ratios decreased significantly from stage I to stage II (P < 0.05), whereas these variables remained unchanged in stage III. The level of n6 polyunsaturated fatty acid increased significantly from stage I to stage II (P < 0.05) and then stabilized subsequently during stage III. Lipid class analysis revealed that the percentage of triglyceride decreased significantly from stage I to stage III, whereas the proportion of cholesterin increased (P < 0.05). Phospholipids decreased significantly from stage I to stage II (P < 0.05), then returned to stage I levels during stage III. These data suggest that the embryos in stage II and stage III required more energy compared with those in stage I. C1 [Li, Shuguo; Cheng, Yongxu; Zhou, Bo] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Key Lab Explorat & Utilizat Aquat Genet Resources, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China. [Li, Shuguo] Inner Mongolia Univ Nationalities, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Tongliao 028000, Peoples R China. [Hines, Anson H.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Cheng, YX (reprint author), Shanghai Ocean Univ, Key Lab Explorat & Utilizat Aquat Genet Resources, 999 Huchenghuan Rd, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China. EM yxcheng@shou.edu.cn FU NOAA through the Blue Crab Advanced Research Consortium; Smithsonian Marine Science Network; Smithsonian Environmental Sciences Program FX This research was supported, in part, by grants to A. H. H. from NOAA through the Blue Crab Advanced Research Consortium, Smithsonian Marine Science Network, and Smithsonian Environmental Sciences Program. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 20 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 31 IS 4 BP 941 EP 946 DI 10.2983/035.031.0405 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 068TN UT WOS:000313389200005 ER PT J AU Scholz, J Hoeksema, BW Pawson, DL Ruthensteiner, B AF Scholz, Joachim Hoeksema, Bert W. Pawson, David L. Ruthensteiner, Bernhard TI Ludwig Doderlein (1855-1936): Some aspects of his life, research, and legacy SO SPIXIANA LA English DT Article ID MUSHROOM CORALS SCLERACTINIA; FUNGIIDAE; CONSEQUENCES; ASSEMBLAGES; INDONESIA; THAILAND; PATTERNS; GULF; SEA AB Scholz, J., Hoeksema, B. W., Pawson, D. L. & Ruthensteiner, B. 2012. Ludwig Doderlein (1855-1936): Some aspects of his life, research, and legacy. Spixiana 35(2): 177-191. The German zoologist and palaeontologist Ludwig Heinrich Philipp Doderlein (1855-1936) was one of the foremost echinoderm researchers of his time. Self-taught in many subjects of natural science, he had risen from provincial obscurity to international fame. Thanks to the efforts of a Japanese research team, it has become apparent that Doderlein was probably the most important pioneer of marine biology research in Japan. After his 1879-81 stay at the University of Tokyo, he remained internationally well-connected throughout his professional life. Yet, in his last two decades, he looked back on his early struggles not with self-satisfaction but with bitterness. He spent much of the rest of his life trying to regain the collections he had to leave behind when he was forced to leave Strasbourg in 1919. This article is not a comprehensive study of the life and work of Ludwig Doderlein. We present some aspects of: a) his life history; b) his echinoderm research; c) his contributions to evolutionary biology, with the coral genus Fungia as an example; and d) his achievements in building up and promoting biological collections. The latter is illustrated by the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM), being second only to the Zoological Museum of Strasbourg in the diversity of Doderlein specimens that survived the perils of two world wars. This all is supplemented by the first comprehensive bibliography of studies by Doderlein. C1 [Scholz, Joachim] Senckenberg Forsch Inst & Naturmuseen, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Hoeksema, Bert W.] Nat Biodivers Ctr, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Pawson, David L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Ruthensteiner, Bernhard] Zool Staatssammlung Munchen, D-81247 Munich, Germany. RP Scholz, J (reprint author), Senckenberg Forsch Inst & Naturmuseen, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. EM joachim.scholz@senckenberg.de; bert.hoeksema@naturalis.nl; pawsond@si.edu; BRuthensteiner@zsm.mwn.de RI Hoeksema, Bert/B-2973-2010 OI Hoeksema, Bert/0000-0001-8259-3783 NR 142 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU VERLAG DR FRIEDRICH PFEIL PI MUNICH PA WOLFRATSHAUSER STRASSE 27, MUNICH, D-81379, GERMANY SN 0341-8391 J9 SPIXIANA JI Spixiana PD DEC PY 2012 VL 35 IS 2 BP 177 EP 191 PG 15 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 068PA UT WOS:000313377400002 ER PT J AU McNiven, IJ David, B Richards, T Rowe, C Leavesley, M Mialanes, J Connaughton, SP Barker, B Aplin, K Asmussen, B Faulkner, P Ulm, S AF McNiven, Ian J. David, Bruno Richards, Thomas Rowe, Cassandra Leavesley, Matthew Mialanes, Jerome Connaughton, Sean P. Barker, Bryce Aplin, Ken Asmussen, Brit Faulkner, Patrick Ulm, Sean TI LAPITA ON THE SOUTH COAST OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA: CHALLENGING NEW HORIZONS IN PACIFIC ARCHAEOLOGY Response SO AUSTRALIAN ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID POTTERY; COLONIZATION; SETTLEMENT C1 [McNiven, Ian J.; David, Bruno; Richards, Thomas; Rowe, Cassandra; Mialanes, Jerome] Monash Univ, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Leavesley, Matthew] Univ Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua N Guinea. [Connaughton, Sean P.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Archaeol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Barker, Bryce] Univ So Queensland, Sch Humanities & Commun, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. [Aplin, Ken] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Asmussen, Brit] Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. [Asmussen, Brit; Faulkner, Patrick] Univ Queensland, Sch Social Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Ulm, Sean] James Cook Univ, Sch Arts & Social Sci, Dept Anthropol Archaeol & Sociol, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. RP McNiven, IJ (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM ian.mcniven@monash.edu; bruno.david@monash.edu; thomas.richards@monash.edu; matthew.leavesley@gmail.com; jerome.mialanes@monash.edu; spconnau@sfu.ca; bryce.barker@usq.edu.au; aplink@si.edu; brit.asmussen@qm.qld.gov.au; plaulkner@uq.edu.au; sean.ulm@jcu.edu.au RI Ulm, Sean/A-3854-2010; James Cook University, TESS/B-8171-2012; Rowe, Cassandra/M-6009-2015 OI Ulm, Sean/0000-0001-6653-9963; Rowe, Cassandra/0000-0001-8938-5733 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AUSTRALIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOC INC PI BRISBANE PA C/O IAN LILLEY (SECRETARY), UNIT ABORIGINAL & TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER STUDIES, UNIV OF QUEENSLAND, BRISBANE, QLD 4072, AUSTRALIA SN 0312-2417 J9 AUST ARCHAEOL JI Austral. Archaeol. PD DEC PY 2012 IS 75 BP 16 EP 22 PG 7 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 068PD UT WOS:000313377800008 ER PT J AU Hoving, HJT Vecchione, M AF Hoving, H. J. T. Vecchione, M. TI Mating Behavior of a Deep-Sea Squid Revealed by in situ Videography and the Study of Archived Specimens SO BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; DOSIDICUS-GIGAS; AFRICAN WATERS; GIANT-SQUID; CEPHALOPODA; OCTOPOTEUTHIDAE; OEGOPSIDA; BIOLOGY AB The mating behavior of deep-sea squids is shrouded in mystery. The squids for which mating has been observed use a hectocotylus, a modified arm, for the transfer of sperm packets called spermatophores. However, many deep-sea squid species lack a hectocotylus. We present the first in situ observations of mating behavior in a deep-sea squid that has no hectocotylus but instead uses an elongated terminal organ for the transfer of spermatangia, which are released from the spermatophores and burrow deeply into the female tissue. With remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), we observed two mating pairs of the deep-sea squid Pholidoteuthis adami in the Gulf of Mexico. The male adopted a peculiar position during mating, with its ventral side up and its posterior mantle above the female's head. While the male held the female in what looked, like a firm grip, we observed the long terminal organ extending through the funnel of the male, contacting the female dorsal mantle. Examinations of museum specimens show that spermatangia burrow from the outer dorsal mantle into the inner dorsal mantle. This combination of serendipitous in situ observations and archived specimens can be a powerful tool for understanding the behavior of deep-sea animals. C1 [Hoving, H. J. T.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Vecchione, M.] Smithsonian Inst, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hoving, HJT (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM hjhoving@mbari.org FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); Schure-Beijerinck-Popping-Funds FX We are grateful to Ian MacDonald for providing the 2006 observations and to Richard E. Young and Bruce Robison for their feedback on an earlier version of this manuscript. HJH received research funding from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), and the Schure-Beijerinck-Popping-Funds. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 18 PU MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY PI WOODS HOLE PA 7 MBL ST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA SN 0006-3185 J9 BIOL BULL-US JI Biol. Bull. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 223 IS 3 BP 263 EP 267 PG 5 WC Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 068TR UT WOS:000313389600004 PM 23264472 ER PT J AU Collin, R Spangler, A AF Collin, Rachel Spangler, Abby TI Impacts of Adelphophagic Development on Variation in Offspring Size, Duration of Development, and Temperature-Mediated Plasticity SO BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; CALYPTRAEID GASTROPODS; LIFE-HISTORIES; HATCHING SIZE; EGG SIZE; SEX-CHANGE; EMBRYOS; CAENOGASTROPODA; ENVIRONMENTS; REPRODUCTION AB Adelphophagic development, where embryos consume sibling embryos or nurse eggs, is particularly common in marine caenogastropods and some families of polychaetes. When exogenous nutrition is provided before hatching, egg size and hatching size can be uncoupled, but advantages and constraints of adelphophagic development compared to development from large eggs are unknown. Here we examine temperature-mediated plasticity in offspring size, brooding duration, and fecundity in the adelphophagic marine gastropod Crepidula cf. onyx. We use these data combined with previously published data on two planktotrophic Crepidula and two Crepidula species that develop from large eggs to test hypotheses about the consequences of adelphophagic development and patterns of variation in offspring size. In Crepidula cf. onyx, egg size shows no significant effect of temperature. Hatching size is significantly larger at 28 degrees C than at 23 degrees C but proceeds from fewer eggs per capsule at 28 degrees C. Hatching size is therefore decoupled from both egg size and the number of eggs per capsule. Although development is faster at the higher temperature, broods are produced roughly every 26-27 days at both temperatures. Increased rate of development has been cited as a potential advantage of adelphophagic development in muricids, but the adelphophagic C. cf. onyx did not develop more quickly than C. atrasolea or C. ustulatulina, species that produce similarly sized hatchlings from large eggs. Comparisons across calyptraeid species support the role of adelphophagy in increasing variance in offspring size. This increased variability is primarily expressed within broods or among broods from the same female, not among females. C1 [Collin, Rachel; Spangler, Abby] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Collin, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM collinr@si.edu OI Collin, Rachel/0000-0001-5103-4460 FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; United States National Science Foundation [IOS-1019727] FX We thank Maricela Salazar, Matt Starr, Anabell Cornejo, and Abraham Osorio for their help with animal maintenance and measurements. Members of the Collin Lab discussion group commented on previous versions of the manuscript. This project was supported, by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, and grant IOS-1019727 from the United States National Science Foundation. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 25 PU MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY PI WOODS HOLE PA 7 MBL ST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA SN 0006-3185 J9 BIOL BULL-US JI Biol. Bull. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 223 IS 3 BP 268 EP 277 PG 10 WC Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 068TR UT WOS:000313389600005 PM 23264473 ER PT J AU Hernandez, JE Bolanos, JA Palazon, JL Hernandez, G Lira, C Baeza, JA AF Hernandez, J. E. Bolanos, J. A. Palazon, J. L. Hernandez, G. Lira, C. Antonio Baeza, J. TI The Enigmatic Life History of the Symbiotic Crab Tunicotheres moseri (Crustacea, Brachyura, Pinnotheridae): Implications for Its Mating System and Population Structure SO BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SPONGE-DWELLING SHRIMPS; URCHIN TETRAPYGUS-NIGER; EXTENDED PARENTAL CARE; ACTIVE BROOD CARE; HOST USE PATTERN; PEA CRAB; LIOPETROLISTHES-MITRA; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; DECAPODA; BEHAVIOR AB Resource-monopolization theory predicts the adoption of a solitary habit in species using scarce; discrete, and small refuges. Life-history theory suggests that temporarily stable parental dwellings favor extended parental care in species that brood embryos. We tested these two predictions with the symbiotic crab Tunicotheres moseri. This species exhibits abbreviated development and inhabits the atrial chamber of the scarce, structurally simple, long-lived, and relatively small ascidian Phalusia nigra in the Caribbean. These host characteristics should favor a solitary habit and extended parental care (EPC) in T. moseri. As predicted, males and females of T. moseri inhabited ascidians solitarily with greater frequency than expected by chance alone. The male-female association pattern and reverse sexual dimorphism (males < females) additionally suggests a promiscuous "pure-search" mating system in T. moseri. Also in agreement with theoretical considerations, T. moseri displays EPC; in addition to embryos, females naturally retain larval stages, megalopae, and juveniles within their brooding pouches. This is the first record of EPC in a symbiotic crab and the second confirmed record of EPC in a marine brachyuran crab. This study supports predictions central to resource-monopolization and life-history theories. C1 [Hernandez, J. E.; Bolanos, J. A.; Palazon, J. L.; Hernandez, G.; Lira, C.] Univ Oriente, Grp Invest Carcinol, Escuela Ciencias Aplicadas Mar, Nucleo Nueva Esparta, Isla Margarita, Venezuela. [Antonio Baeza, J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Antonio Baeza, J.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23435 USA. [Antonio Baeza, J.] Univ Catolica Norte, Dept Biol Marina, Fac Ciencias Mar, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile. RP Baeza, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM baezaa@si.edu FU Research Council of the Universidad de Oriente, Nncleo Nueva Esparta FX JEH deeply thanks members of the Grupo de Investigacion en Carcinologia at Universidad de Oriente, Miele Nueva Esparta, for their invaluable support during many stages of this study. Thanks to the Research Council of the Universidad de Oriente, Nncleo Nueva Esparta, for funding. This project was done in partial fulfillment of requirements for the Master in Science degree at the Instituto Oceanografico de Venezuela. We greatly thank Rebbeca Squibbs for comments and careful editing of the English in this manuscript. Many thanks to Dr. Maria Byrne and three anonymous reviewers whose comments substantially improved this manuscript. This is contribution number 899 of the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 19 PU MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY PI WOODS HOLE PA 7 MBL ST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA SN 0006-3185 J9 BIOL BULL-US JI Biol. Bull. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 223 IS 3 BP 278 EP 290 PG 13 WC Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 068TR UT WOS:000313389600006 PM 23264474 ER PT J AU Potts, R AF Potts, Richard TI Environmental and Behavioral Evidence Pertaining to the Evolution of Early Homo SO CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLIOPLEISTOCENE AFRICAN CLIMATE; EARLIEST STONE TOOLMAKERS; RAW-MATERIAL SELECTIVITY; LATE PLIOCENE; EAST-AFRICA; PALEOSOL CARBONATES; OLDUVAI GORGE; TURKANA BASIN; VARIABILITY SELECTION; ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AB East African paleoenvironmental data increasingly inform an understanding of environmental dynamics. This understanding focuses less on habitat reconstructions at specific sites than on the regional trends, tempo, and amplitudes of climate and habitat change. Sole reliance on any one indicator, such as windblown dust or lake sediments, gives a bias toward strong aridity or high moisture as the driving force behind early human evolution. A synthesis of geological data instead offers a new paleoenvironmental framework in which alternating intervals of high and low climate variability provided the dynamic context in which East African Homo evolved. The Oldowan behavioral record presents further clues about how early Homo and Homo erectus responded to East African environmental change. Shifting conditions of natural selection, which were triggered by climatic variability, helped shape the adaptability of Oldowan hominins. Together, the behavioral and environmental evidence indicates the initial adaptive foundation for the dispersal of H. erectus and the persistence of Homo. In particular, overall dietary expansion made possible by the making and transport of stone tools compensated for increased locomotor and foraging costs and provided effective behavioral-ecological responses to resource instability during the early evolution of Homo. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Potts, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM pottsr@si.edu NR 119 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 92 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0011-3204 J9 CURR ANTHROPOL JI Curr. Anthropol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 53 SU 6 BP S299 EP S317 DI 10.1086/667704 PG 19 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 069AI UT WOS:000313406900004 ER PT J AU Mendelson, JR Mulcahy, DG Snell, S Acevedo, ME Campbell, JA AF Mendelson, Joseph R., III Mulcahy, Daniel G. Snell, Sara Acevedo, Manuel E. Campbell, Jonathan A. TI A New Golden Toad (Bufonidae: Incilius) from Northwestern Guatemala and Chiapas, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BUFO-VALLICEPS; ANURA AB We describe Incilius aurarius sp. nov., a new species of toad known from several localities on the humid Caribbean slopes of the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes in Huehuetenango, Guatemala, and adjacent highlands of Chiapas, Mexico. This species previously has been confused with populations of Incilius valliceps and Incilius macrocristatus. The new species is morphologically similar to the Mexican species I. macrocristatus but differs by having less prominent crests, a distinctive golden,coloration in the males, and the absence of vocal slits. C1 [Mendelson, Joseph R., III] Zoo Atlanta, Dept Herpetol, Atlanta, GA 30315 USA. [Mendelson, Joseph R., III; Snell, Sara] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Mulcahy, Daniel G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Acevedo, Manuel E.] Univ San Carlos, Escuela Biol, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Campbell, Jonathan A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Mendelson, JR (reprint author), Zoo Atlanta, Dept Herpetol, 800 Cherokee Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30315 USA. EM j.mendelson@zooatlanta.org; mulcahyd@si.edu; sara.snell@gatech.edu; manuelaceved@gmail.com; campbell@uta.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-9705277, 0613802, 0102383] FX We are grateful to all of the field companions who ventured into the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes at one time or another with JAC or MEA: E. N. Smith, E. D. Brodie Jr., R. A. Nussbaum, M. V. Centeno, M. Sasa, V. McKenzie, and I. M. Asmundsson. A. Thompson prepared the photographs in Figure 2. P. Walker provided information regarding L campbelli in the Maya Mountains of Belize, and T. Pierson allowed permission to reproduce his photograph in Figure 1C. This paper is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB-9705277, 0613802, 0102383) to JAC. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 46 IS 4 BP 473 EP 479 DI 10.1670/11-140 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 068VN UT WOS:000313394400007 ER PT J AU Ivanova, MA Krot, AN Nagashima, K MacPherson, GJ AF Ivanova, Marina A. Krot, Alexander N. Nagashima, Kazuhide MacPherson, Glenn J. TI Compound ultrarefractory CAI-bearing inclusions from CV3 carbonaceous chondrites SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; ALUMINUM-RICH INCLUSIONS; ALLENDE METEORITE; REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS; SOLAR NEBULA; MURCHISON METEORITE; TRACE-ELEMENTS; EFREMOVKA; FRACTIONATION; PEROVSKITE AB Two compound calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs), 3N from the oxidized CV chondrite Northwest Africa (NWA) 3118 and 33E from the reduced CV chondrite Efremovka, contain ultrarefractory (UR) inclusions. 3N is a forsterite-bearing type B (FoB) CAI that encloses UR inclusion 3N-24 composed of Zr,Sc,Y-rich oxides, Y-rich perovskite, and Zr,Sc-rich Al,Ti-diopside. 33E contains a fluffy type A (FTA) CAI and UR CAI 33E-1, surrounded by Wark-Lovering rim layers of spinel, Al-diopside, and forsterite, and a common forsterite-rich accretionary rim. 33E-1 is composed of Zr,Sc,Y-rich oxides, Y-rich perovskite, Zr,Sc,Y-rich pyroxenes (Al,Ti-diopside, Sc-rich pyroxene), and gehlenite. 3N-24s UR oxides and Zr,Sc-rich Al,Ti-diopsides are 16O-poor (Delta 17O approximately -2 parts per thousand to -5 parts per thousand). Spinel in 3N-24 and spinel and Al-diopside in the FoB CAI are 16O-rich (Delta 17O approximately -23 +/- 2 parts per thousand). 33E-1s UR oxides and Zr,Sc-rich Al,Ti- diopsides are 16O-depleted (Delta 17O approximately -2 parts per thousand to -5 parts per thousand) vs. Al,Ti-diopside of the FTA CAI and spinel (?17O approximately -23 +/- 2 parts per thousand), and Wark-Lovering rim Al,Ti-diopside (?17O approximately -7 parts per thousand to -19 parts per thousand). We infer that the inclusions experienced multistage formation in nebular regions with different oxygen-isotope compositions. 3N-24 and 33E-1s precursors formed by evaporation/condensation above 1600 degrees C. 3N and 33Es precursors formed by condensation and melting (3N only) at significantly lower temperatures. 3N-24 and 3Ns precursors aggregated into a compound object and experienced partial melting and thermal annealing. 33E-1 and 33E avoided melting prior to and after aggregation. They acquired Wark-Lovering and common forsterite-rich accretionary rims, probably by condensation, followed by thermal annealing. We suggest 3N-24 and 33E-1 originated in a 16O-rich gaseous reservoir and subsequently experienced isotope exchange in a 16O-poor gaseous reservoir. Mechanism and timing of oxygen-isotope exchange remain unclear. C1 [Ivanova, Marina A.] Russian Acad Sci, Vernadsky Inst Geochem, Moscow, Russia. [Ivanova, Marina A.; MacPherson, Glenn J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Krot, Alexander N.; Nagashima, Kazuhide] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Ivanova, MA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Vernadsky Inst Geochem, Moscow, Russia. EM meteorite2000@mail.ru FU NASA [NNX07AJ05G, NNX07SI81G, NNX08AH91G, NNX08AH77G]; Russian Academy of Sciences [22]; [12-05-01161-a] FX We thank N. N. Kononkova (Vernadsky Institute) for her assistance in determination of mineral chemistry of CAIs, and D. Korost (Moscow State University) for his help in searching CAIs using CatScan. We also thank J. I. Simon, J. Aleon, and Associate Editor E. R. D. Scott for their fruitful reviews that helped to improve this paper. This work was supported by NASA grants NNX07AJ05G (G. J. MacPherson, P. I.), NNX07SI81G and NNX08AH91G (A. N. Krot, P. I.), and NNX08AH77G (K. Nagashima, P. I.) and Program 22 of Russian Academy of Sciences and grant 12-05-01161-a. This is Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology publication No. 1993 and School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology publication No. 8799. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 47 IS 12 BP 2107 EP 2127 DI 10.1111/maps.12031 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 076VC UT WOS:000313985800017 ER PT J AU Bullock, ES MacPherson, GJ Nagashima, K Krot, AN Petaev, MI Jacobsen, SB Ulyanov, AA AF Bullock, Emma S. MacPherson, Glenn J. Nagashima, Kazuhide Krot, Alexander N. Petaev, Michail I. Jacobsen, Stein B. Ulyanov, Alexander A. TI Forsterite-bearing type B refractory inclusions from CV3 chondrites: From aggregates to volatilized melt droplets SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-RICH INCLUSIONS; SOLAR NEBULA; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; CHONDRULES; ALLENDE; CONSTRAINTS; EVOLUTION; VIGARANO; OLIVINE; FRACTIONATION AB Detailed petrologic and oxygen isotopic analysis of six forsterite-bearing Type B calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (FoBs) from CV3 chondrites indicates that they formed by varying degrees of melting of primitive precursor material that resembled amoeboid olivine aggregates. A continuous evolutionary sequence exists between those objects that experienced only slight partial melting or sintering through objects that underwent prolonged melting episodes. In most cases, melting was accompanied by surface evaporative loss of magnesium and silicon. This loss resulted in outer margins that are very different in composition from the cores, so much so that in some cases, the mantles contain mineral assemblages that are petrologically incompatible with those in the cores. The precursor objects for these FoBs had a range of bulk compositions and must therefore have formed under varying conditions if they condensed from a solar composition gas. Five of the six objects show small degrees of mass-dependent oxygen isotopic fractionation in pyroxene, spinel, and olivine, consistent with the inferred melt evaporation, but there are no consistent differences among the three phases. Forsterite, spinel, and pyroxene are 16O-rich with Delta 17O similar to -24 parts per thousand in all FoBs. Melilite and anorthite show a range of Delta 17O from -17 parts per thousand to -1 parts per thousand C1 [Bullock, Emma S.; MacPherson, Glenn J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Nagashima, Kazuhide; Krot, Alexander N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Petaev, Michail I.; Jacobsen, Stein B.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ulyanov, Alexander A.] MV Lomosonov Moscow State Univ, Moscow 119995, Russia. RP Bullock, ES (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM bullocke@si.edu RI Jacobsen, Stein/B-1759-2013 FU NASA [NNX11AD43G, NNX07AJ05G, NNX10AH76G, NNX08AH79G, NNX11AK82G] FX This work was supported by NASA grants NNX11AD43G and NNX07AJ05G (GJM), NNX10AH76G (ANK), NNX08AH79G (MP), and NNX11AK82G (SBJ). We thank Drs. Andrew Davis, Kevin McKeegan, and Frank Richter for many useful discussions that helped us to understand melt evaporation and "the Vigarano 1623-5 problem." Finally, we are indebted to Drs. Steve Simon, Shoichi Itoh, and Associate Editor Ed Scott for helpful and constructive reviews that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 47 IS 12 BP 2128 EP 2147 DI 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2012.01396.x PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 076VC UT WOS:000313985800018 ER PT J AU Brenes-Arguedas, T AF Brenes-Arguedas, Tania TI Leaf damage and density-dependent effects on six Inga species in a neotropical forest SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article DE density-dependence; herbivory; Inga; Janzen-Connell hypothesis; Panama ID TROPICAL FORESTS; RAIN-FOREST; DISTANCE-DEPENDENCE; SEEDLING DYNAMICS; HOST-SPECIFICITY; TREE COMMUNITY; DIVERSITY; HERBIVORY; PATTERNS; RECRUITMENT AB Many models have been proposed to explain the possible role of pests in the coexistence of a high diversity of plant species in tropical forests. Prominent among them is the. Janzen-Connell model. This model suggests that specialized herbivores and pathogens limit tree recruitment as a function of their density or proximity to conspecifics. A large number of studies have tested the predictions of this model with respect to patterns of recruitment and mortality at different life stages, yet only a few have directly linked those density- or distance-dependent effects to pest attack. If pest-attack is an important factor in density- or distance-dependent mortality, there should be spatial heterogeneity in pest pressure. I studied the spatial distribution of leaf damage in saplings of six common Inga species (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in the 50ha forest dynamic plot of Barro Colorado Island, Panama. The percent leaf damage of Inga saplings was not heterogeneous in space, and the density of conspecific, congener or confamilial neighbors was uncorrelated with the observed damage levels in focal plants. One of the focal species did suffer density-dependent mortality, suggesting that spatial variation in plant performance in these species is not directly driven by leaf damaging agents. While multiple studies suggest that density-dependent effects on performance are common in tropical plant communities, our understanding of the mechanisms that drive those effects is still incomplete and the underlying assumption that these patterns result from differential herbivore attack deserves more scrutiny. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60 (4): 1503-1512. Epub 2012 December 01. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Brenes-Arguedas, T (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, POB 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM brenest@si.edu FU Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS); NSF [DEB-0407653] FX This research was funded by a Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS) research fellowship and NSF DEB-0407653. I thank the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute for permits and logistic support; and the CTFS, Richard Condit, Stephen Hubble, Robin Foster, Suzanne Lao and Rolando Perez for making the BCI plot census data available for researchers. I thank Fred Adler and Richard Condit for valuable comments on the data analysis, Lissy Coley and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 28 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, 00000, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 60 IS 4 BP 1503 EP 1512 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 083DZ UT WOS:000314444200008 PM 23342505 ER PT J AU Stewart, RA Pelican, KM Crosier, AE Pukazhenthi, BS Wildt, DE Ottinger, MA Howard, J AF Stewart, Rosemary A. Pelican, Katharine M. Crosier, Adrienne E. Pukazhenthi, Budhan S. Wildt, David E. Ottinger, Mary Ann Howard, JoGayle TI Oral Progestin Priming Increases Ovarian Sensitivity to Gonadotropin Stimulation and Improves Luteal Function in the Cat SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE corpus luteum; ovary; progesterone ID LAPAROSCOPIC ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN; FROZEN-THAWED SPERMATOZOA; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; FECAL STEROID ANALYSES; DOMESTIC CAT; EXOGENOUS GONADOTROPINS; ASSISTED REPRODUCTION; EMBRYONIC MORTALITY; ESTROUS-CYCLE AB As the only domesticated species known to exhibit both induced and spontaneous ovulation, the cat is a model for understanding the nuances of ovarian control. To explore ovarian sensitivity to exogenous gonadotropins and the influence of progestin priming, we conducted a study of queens that were down-regulated with oral progestin or allowed to cycle normally, followed by low or high doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Our metrics included 1) fecal steroid metabolite profiles before and after ovulation induction, 2) laparoscopic examination of ovarian follicles and corpora lutea (CL) on Days 2 and 17 (Day 0 = hCG administration), and 3) ovariohysterectomy (Day 17) to assess CL progesterone concentrations, morphometrics, and histology. Reproductive tracts from time-matched, naturally mated queens (n = 6) served as controls. Every progestin-primed cat (n = 12) produced the desired response of morphologically similar, fresh CL (regardless of eCG/hCG dose) by Day 2, whereas 41.7% of unprimed counterparts (n = 12) failed to ovulate or had variable-aged CL suggestive of prior spontaneous ovulation (P < 0.05). The ovarian response to low, but not high, eCG/hCG was improved (P < 0.05) in primed compared to unprimed cats, indicating increased sensitivity to gonadotropin in the progestin-primed ovary. Progestin priming prevented hyperelevated fecal steroid metabolites and normalized CL progesterone capacity, but only when combined with low eCG/hCG. However, priming failed to prevent ancillary CL formation, smaller CL mass, or abnormal luteal cell density, which were common to all eCG/hCG-treated cats. Thus, the domestic cat exposed to eCG/hCG produces CL with structural and functional aberrations. These anomalies can be partially mitigated by progestin priming, possibly due to a protective effect of progestin associated with enhanced ovarian sensitivity to gonadotropins. C1 [Stewart, Rosemary A.; Pelican, Katharine M.; Crosier, Adrienne E.; Pukazhenthi, Budhan S.; Wildt, David E.; Howard, JoGayle] Ctr Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Ottinger, Mary Ann] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wildt, DE (reprint author), Ctr Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM wildtd@si.edu FU National Institutes of Health [K01RR017310]; Friends of the National Zoo; University of Maryland Department of Animal and Avian Sciences FX Supported by the National Institutes of Health (K01RR017310 to K. M. P.), Friends of the National Zoo, and the University of Maryland Department of Animal and Avian Sciences. Research was conducted in partial fulfillment of Ph.D. requirements for R. A. S. at the University of Maryland. NR 76 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1691 MONROE ST,SUITE # 3, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 EI 1529-7268 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 87 IS 6 AR 137 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.112.104190 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 080ID UT WOS:000314234100010 PM 23100619 ER PT J AU Dorr, LJ AF Dorr, L. J. TI Apeiba trombetensis (Malvaceae: Grewioideae), a new species from northern Brazil SO BRITTONIA LA English DT Article DE Apeiba; Brazil; Grewioideae; Malvaceae ID TILIACEAE; FORESTS; BAUXITE; RESTORATION; AMAZON; POLLEN; LANDS AB Apeiba trombetensis is described from northern Brazil, illustrated, and distinguished from related species. It is remarkable for its tetramerous calyx, sepal pubescence, and its large, globose capsules with stout spines. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Dorr, LJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, MRC-166,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dorrl@si.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-196X J9 BRITTONIA JI Brittonia PD DEC PY 2012 VL 64 IS 4 BP 374 EP 380 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 080TA UT WOS:000314265000007 ER PT J AU Wise, MA Francis, CA Cerny, P AF Wise, Michael A. Francis, Carl A. Cerny, Petr TI COMPOSITIONAL AND STRUCTURAL VARIATIONS IN COLUMBITE-GROUP MINERALS FROM GRANITIC PEGMATITES OF THE BRUNSWICK AND OXFORD FIELDS, MAINE: DIFFERENTIAL TRENDS IN F-POOR AND F-RICH ENVIRONMENTS SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE columbite-group minerals; granitic pegmatite; compositional trends; fluorine; Brunswick field; Orford field; Maine ID TANTALUM MINERALIZATION; TA; NB; MELTS; FRACTIONATION; SOLUBILITY; GEOCHEMISTRY; CONSTRAINTS; EVOLUTION; DISTRICT AB The Coastal Lithotectonic Block of the Brunswick pegmatite field and the Central Maine Synclinorium of the Oxford pegmatite field, in Maine, are intruded by numerous rare-element granitic pegmatites that carry columbite-group minerals (CGM) as the principal (Nb,Ta)-bearing phases. Generally, the CGM from Maine are hosted by pegmatites characterized by a LCT (Li-Cs-Ta) geochemical signature and are infrequent in pegmatites with NYF (Nb-Y-F) characteristics (e. g., Topsham area of the Brunswick pegmatite field). Significant chemical-compositional and structural differences are observed between the CGM from the Brunswick and Oxford pegmatite fields. Columbite-group minerals from the Brunswick pegmatite field mainly consist of columbite-(Fe), commonly with elevated Ti and Mg contents. By comparison, pegmatites from the Oxford field carry columbite-(Fe), columbite-(Mn) and tantalite-(Mn) with low Ti and Mg contents. The structural state of CGM from the Brunswick pegmatite field ranges from highly cation-disordered to cation-ordered, in contrast to predominantly highly ordered CGM in the Oxford pegmatite field. Limited concurrent fractionation of Mn from Fe and Ta from Nb observed in the Brunswick pegmatite field is characteristic of F-poor environments in general, and of F-enriched pegmatites with high mu HF/mu alkF (stability field of topaz). However, the extensive Fe-Mn fractionation preceding moderate to strong enrichment in Ta is typical of the Oxford pegmatite field, and apparently promoted by lepidolite-generating environments with prominent chemical potential of alkali fluorides and low mu HF/mu alkF. This observation finds support in data on CGM from numerous other pegmatite populations worldwide. In contrast, the structural state of CGM does not seem to be linked to the activity of different forms of fluorine. The overall abundance, diversity and temporal extent of the volatile components were undoubtedly different in the two pegmatite fields under study, and were apparently enhanced in the more fractionated pegmatites of the Oxford pegmatite field. C1 [Wise, Michael A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Francis, Carl A.] Harvard Univ, Mineral Museum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cerny, Petr] Univ Manitoba, Dept Geol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Wise, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM wisem@si.edu FU Sprague endowment at the Smithsonian Institution FX The fieldwork for this study was supported by funds from the Sprague endowment at the Smithsonian Institution. We are grateful to the many miners and amateur collectors who supplied numerous samples and to the late Eugene Foord, who contributed several analytical data to this study. Lawrence Pitman kindly collected the X-ray diffraction data. The authors gratefully acknowledge Marieke Van Lichtervelde and Pavel Uher for their constructive reviews, which substantially improved the final version of the manuscript. We also thank editor-in-chief Robert F. Martin and guest editor Milan Novak for their editorial handling of this paper. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI QUEBEC PA 490, RUE DE LA COURONNE, QUEBEC, QC G1K 9A9, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1515 EP 1530 DI 10.3749/canmin.50.6.1515 PG 16 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 081CY UT WOS:000314295200007 ER PT J AU Scaringi, S Kording, E Uttley, P Groot, PJ Knigge, C Still, M Jonker, P AF Scaringi, S. Kording, E. Uttley, P. Groot, P. J. Knigge, C. Still, M. Jonker, P. TI Broad-band timing properties of the accreting white dwarf MV Lyrae SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; binaries: close; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars: oscillations; stars: individual: MV Lyrae ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATION; X-RAY BINARIES; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; URSAE MAJORIS; SW SEXTANTIS; BLACK-HOLES; VARIABILITY; MODEL; DISKS AB We present a broad-band timing analysis of the accreting white dwarf system MV Lyrae based on data obtained with the Kepler satellite. The observations span 633 d at a cadence of 58.8 s and allow us to probe four orders of magnitude in temporal frequency. The modelling of the observed broad-band noise components is based on the superposition of multiple Lorentzian components, similar to the empirical modelling adopted for X-ray binary systems. We also present the detection of a frequency varying Lorentzian component in the light curve of MV Lyrae, where the Lorentzian characteristic frequency is inversely correlated with the mean source flux. Because in the literature similar broad-band noise components have been associated with either the viscous or dynamical time-scale for different source types (accreting black holes or neutron stars), we here systematically explore both scenarios and place constraints on the accretion disc structure. In the viscous case we employ the fluctuating accretion disc model to infer parameters for the viscosity and disc scale height, and infer uncomfortably high parameters to be accommodated by the standard thin disc, whilst in the dynamical case we infer a large accretion disc truncation radius of approximate to 10R(WD). More importantly however, the phenomenological properties between the broad-band variability observed here and in X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei are very similar, potentially suggesting a common origin for the broad-band variability. C1 [Scaringi, S.; Kording, E.; Groot, P. J.; Jonker, P.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys IMAPP, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Uttley, P.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Knigge, C.] Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Still, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Still, M.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst Inc, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. [Jonker, P.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Jonker, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Scaringi, S (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys IMAPP, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM s.scaringi@astro.ru.nl RI Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016; OI Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X; Scaringi, Simone/0000-0001-5387-7189 FU NASA Science Mission directorate; NWO [600.065.140.08N306]; NASA [NNX11AB86G] FX This paper includes data collected by the Kepler mission. Funding for the Kepler mission is provided by the NASA Science Mission directorate. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. SS acknowledges funding from NWO project 600.065.140.08N306 to PJG. MS acknowledges funding from the NASA grant NNX11AB86G. SS wishes to acknowledge G. Nelemans and A. Achterberg for useful and insightful discussions. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 427 IS 4 BP 3396 EP 3405 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22022.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 082VQ UT WOS:000314421000011 ER PT J AU Anderson, L Aubourg, E Bailey, S Bizyaev, D Blanton, M Bolton, AS Brinkmann, J Brownstein, JR Burden, A Cuesta, AJ da Costa, LAN Dawson, KS de Putter, R Eisenstein, DJ Gunn, JE Guo, H Hamilton, JC Harding, P Ho, S Honscheid, K Kazin, E Kirkby, D Kneib, JP Labatie, A Loomis, C Lupton, RH Malanushenko, E Malanushenko, V Mandelbaum, R Manera, M Maraston, C McBride, CK Mehta, KT Mena, O Montesano, F Muna, D Nichol, RC Nuza, SE Olmstead, MD Oravetz, D Padmanabhan, N Palanque-Delabrouille, N Pan, KK Parejko, J Paris, I Percival, WJ Petitjean, P Prada, F Reid, B Roe, NA Ross, AJ Ross, NP Samushia, L Sanchez, AG Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Scoccola, CG Seo, HJ Sheldon, ES Simmons, A Skibba, RA Strauss, MA Swanson, MEC Thomas, D Tinker, JL Tojeiro, R Magana, MV Verde, L Wagner, C Wake, DA Weaver, BA Weinberg, DH White, M Xu, XY Yeche, C Zehavi, I Zhao, GB AF Anderson, Lauren Aubourg, Eric Bailey, Stephen Bizyaev, Dmitry Blanton, Michael Bolton, Adam S. Brinkmann, J. Brownstein, Joel R. Burden, Angela Cuesta, Antonio J. da Costa, Luiz A. N. Dawson, Kyle S. de Putter, Roland Eisenstein, Daniel J. Gunn, James E. Guo, Hong Hamilton, Jean-Christophe Harding, Paul Ho, Shirley Honscheid, Klaus Kazin, Eyal Kirkby, David Kneib, Jean-Paul Labatie, Antoine Loomis, Craig Lupton, Robert H. Malanushenko, Elena Malanushenko, Viktor Mandelbaum, Rachel Manera, Marc Maraston, Claudia McBride, Cameron K. Mehta, Kushal T. Mena, Olga Montesano, Francesco Muna, Demetri Nichol, Robert C. Nuza, Sebastian E. Olmstead, Matthew D. Oravetz, Daniel Padmanabhan, Nikhil Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie Pan, Kaike Parejko, John Paris, Isabelle Percival, Will J. Petitjean, Patrick Prada, Francisco Reid, Beth Roe, Natalie A. Ross, Ashley J. Ross, Nicholas P. Samushia, Lado Sanchez, Ariel G. Schlegel, David J. Schneider, Donald P. Scoccola, Claudia G. Seo, Hee-Jong Sheldon, Erin S. Simmons, Audrey Skibba, Ramin A. Strauss, Michael A. Swanson, Molly E. C. Thomas, Daniel Tinker, Jeremy L. Tojeiro, Rita Magana, Mariana Vargas Verde, Licia Wagner, Christian Wake, David A. Weaver, Benjamin A. Weinberg, David H. White, Martin Xu, Xiaoying Yeche, Christophe Zehavi, Idit Zhao, Gong-Bo TI The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: baryon acoustic oscillations in the Data Release 9 spectroscopic galaxy sample SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cosmological parameters; cosmology: observations; dark energy; distance scale; large-scale structure of Universe ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; LUMINOUS RED GALAXIES; HALO OCCUPATION DISTRIBUTION; 2-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTION; POWER-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; SURVEY IMAGING DATA; COSMOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; REDSHIFT SURVEY; DARK ENERGY AB We present measurements of galaxy clustering from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), which is part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III). These use the Data Release 9 (DR9) CMASS sample, which contains 264 283 massive galaxies covering 3275 square degrees with an effective redshift z = 0.57 and redshift range 0.43 < z < 0.7. Assuming a concordance Lambda CDM cosmological model, this sample covers an effective volume of 2.2 Gpc(3), and represents the largest sample of the Universe ever surveyed at this density, (n) over bar approximate to 3 x 10(-4) h(-3) Mpc(3). We measure the angle-averaged galaxy correlation function and power spectrum, including density-field reconstruction of the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) feature. The acoustic features are detected at a significance of 5 sigma in both the correlation function and power spectrum. Combining with the SDSS-II luminous red galaxy sample, the detection significance increases to 6.7 sigma. Fitting for the position of the acoustic features measures the distance to z = 0.57 relative to the sound horizon D-V/r(s) = 13.67 +/ 0.22 at z = 0.57. Assuming a fiducial sound horizon of 153.19 Mpc, which matches cosmic microwave background constraints, this corresponds to a distance D-V (z = 0.57) = 2094 +/- 34 Mpc. At 1.7 per cent, this is the most precise distance constraint ever obtained from a galaxy survey. We place this result alongside previous BAO measurements in a cosmological distance ladder and find excellent agreement with the current supernova measurements. We use these distance measurements to constrain various cosmological models, finding continuing support for a flat Universe with a cosmological constant. C1 [Anderson, Lauren] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Aubourg, Eric; Hamilton, Jean-Christophe; Magana, Mariana Vargas] Univ Paris Diderot, APC Astroparticule & Cosmol, CEA Irfu, CNRS IN2P3,Observ Paris, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Bailey, Stephen; Ho, Shirley; Reid, Beth; Roe, Natalie A.; Ross, Nicholas P.; Schlegel, David J.; White, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bizyaev, Dmitry; Brinkmann, J.; Malanushenko, Elena; Malanushenko, Viktor; Oravetz, Daniel; Pan, Kaike; Simmons, Audrey] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Blanton, Michael; Muna, Demetri; Tinker, Jeremy L.; Weaver, Benjamin A.] NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Bolton, Adam S.; Brownstein, Joel R.; Dawson, Kyle S.; Olmstead, Matthew D.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Burden, Angela; Manera, Marc; Maraston, Claudia; Nichol, Robert C.; Percival, Will J.; Ross, Ashley J.; Samushia, Lado; Thomas, Daniel; Tojeiro, Rita] Univ Portsmouthnue, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England. [Cuesta, Antonio J.; Padmanabhan, Nikhil; Parejko, John] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [da Costa, Luiz A. N.] Observ Nacl, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [da Costa, Luiz A. N.] Lab Interinst E Astron LineA, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [de Putter, Roland; Mena, Olga] Univ Valencia CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia, Spain. [de Putter, Roland; Wagner, Christian] Univ Barcelona IEEC UB, ICC, Barcelona 08028, Spain. [Eisenstein, Daniel J.; McBride, Cameron K.; Swanson, Molly E. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gunn, James E.; Ho, Shirley; Lupton, Robert H.; Mandelbaum, Rachel] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Guo, Hong; Harding, Paul; Zehavi, Idit] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Honscheid, Klaus] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Honscheid, Klaus] Ohio State Univ, CCAPP, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kazin, Eyal] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Kirkby, David] UC Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Kneib, Jean-Paul] Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Labatie, Antoine] Univ Paris 07, Lab Astroparticule & Cosmol, Paris, France. [Loomis, Craig; Mandelbaum, Rachel; Strauss, Michael A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mehta, Kushal T.; Skibba, Ramin A.; Xu, Xiaoying] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Montesano, Francesco; Sanchez, Ariel G.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Nuza, Sebastian E.] Leibniz Inst Astrophys Potsdam AIP, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. [Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie; Yeche, Christophe] CEA, Ctr Saclay, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Paris, Isabelle; Petitjean, Patrick] Univ Paris 06, Inst Astrophys Paris, CNRS, UMR7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Prada, Francisco] Campus Int Excellence UAM CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Prada, Francisco] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Fis Teor UAM CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Prada, Francisco] Inst Astrofis Andalucia CSIC, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Samushia, Lado] Ilia State Univ, Natl Abastumani Astrophys Observ, GE-1060 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Scoccola, Claudia G.] Inst Astrofis Canarias IAC, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain. [Scoccola, Claudia G.] Univ La Laguna ULL, Dpto Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. [Seo, Hee-Jong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Seo, Hee-Jong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sheldon, Erin S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Verde, Licia] Univ Barcelona, ICREA, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Verde, Licia] Univ Barcelona, ICC UB, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Wake, David A.] Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Weinberg, David H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Weinberg, David H.] Ohio State Univ, CCAPP, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [White, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [White, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhao, Gong-Bo] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. RP Schlegel, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nikhil.padmanabhan@yale.edu; nikhil.padmanabhan@yale.edu; djschlegel@lbl.gov RI Mandelbaum, Rachel/N-8955-2014; Ho, Shirley/P-3682-2014; Kneib, Jean-Paul/A-7919-2015; Guo, Hong/J-5797-2015; White, Martin/I-3880-2015; OI Mandelbaum, Rachel/0000-0003-2271-1527; Ho, Shirley/0000-0002-1068-160X; Kneib, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-4616-4989; Guo, Hong/0000-0003-4936-8247; White, Martin/0000-0001-9912-5070; Kirkby, David/0000-0002-8828-5463; Cuesta Vazquez, Antonio Jose/0000-0002-4153-9470; Verde, Licia/0000-0003-2601-8770 FU UK Science and Technology Facilities Research Council; Leverhulme Trust; European Research Council; UK Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/I001204/1]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) [AYA2010-21766-C03-02]; NSF [AST-0707725, AST-0707266, AST-0901965]; NASA [NNX07AH11G, NNX11AF43G]; US Department of Energy Office of High Energy Physics [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Spanish MICINNs Consolider grant MultiDark [CSD2009-00064]; John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; University of Arizona; Brazilian Participation Group; Brookhaven National Laboratory; University of Cambridge; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Florida; French Participation Group; German Participation Group; Harvard University; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics; New Mexico State University; New York University; Ohio State University; Pennsylvania State University; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University; Spanish Participation Group; University of Tokyo; University of Utah; Vanderbilt University; University of Virginia; University of Washington; Yale University; National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy Office of Science; NASA Office of Space Science FX WJP is grateful for support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Research Council, the Leverhulme Trust, and the European Research Council. AJR is grateful to the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council for financial support through the grant ST/I001204/1. CGS acknowledges funding from project AYA2010-21766-C03-02 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN). DJE, XX, and KM were supported by NSF grant AST-0707725 and NASA grant NNX07AH11G. SH and DJS are supported by the US Department of Energy Office of High Energy Physics (DE-AC02-05CH11231). NP and AJC are partially supported by NASA grant NNX11AF43G. FP acknowledges support from the Spanish MICINNs Consolider grant MultiDark CSD2009-00064. MAS was supported by NSF grant AST-0707266. MECS was supported by the NSF under Award No. AST-0901965. MW thanks the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation for their support.; Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the US Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS-III web site is http://www.sdss3.org/.; SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group, Harvard University, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, New Mexico State University, New York University, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University of Washington, and Yale University.; We acknowledge the use of the Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA). Support for LAMBDA is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science. NR 128 TC 364 Z9 364 U1 8 U2 49 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 427 IS 4 BP 3435 EP 3467 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22066.x PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 082VQ UT WOS:000314421000014 ER PT J AU Birzan, L Rafferty, DA Nulsen, PEJ McNamara, BR Rottgering, HJA Wise, MW Mittal, R AF Birzan, L. Rafferty, D. A. Nulsen, P. E. J. McNamara, B. R. Rottgering, H. J. A. Wise, M. W. Mittal, R. TI The duty cycle of radio-mode feedback in complete samples of clusters SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radio continuum: galaxies; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY CAVITIES; DEEP CHANDRA OBSERVATION; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; FLUX-LIMITED SAMPLE; COOL-CORE CLUSTER; 20 GALAXY CLUSTERS; STAR-FORMATION; COLD FRONTS; VLA OBSERVATIONS AB The Chandra X-ray Observatory has revealed X-ray bubbles in the intracluster medium (ICM) of many nearby cooling-flow clusters. The bubbles trace feedback that is thought to couple the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) to the ICM, helping to stabilize cooling flows and govern the evolution of massive galaxies. However, the prevalence and duty cycle of such AGN outbursts is not well understood. To this end, we study how cooling is balanced by bubble heating for complete samples of clusters (the Brightest 55 clusters of galaxies, hereafter B55, and the HIghest X-ray FLUx Galaxy Cluster Sample, HIFLUGCS). We find that the radio luminosity of the central galaxy only exceeds 2.5 x 10(30) erg s(-1) Hz(-1) in cooling-flow clusters. This result implies a connection between the central radio source and the ICM, as expected if AGN feedback is operating. Additionally, we find a duty cycle for radio-mode feedback, the fraction of time that a system possesses bubbles inflated by its central radio source, of greater than or similar to 69 per cent for the B55 and greater than or similar to 63 per cent for the HIFLUGCS. These duty cycles are lower limits since some bubbles are likely missed in existing images. We used simulations to constrain the bubble power that might be present and remain undetected in the cooling-flow systems without detected bubbles. Among theses systems, almost all could have significant bubble power. Therefore, our results imply that the duty cycle of AGN outbursts with the potential to heat the gas significantly in cooling-flow clusters is at least 60 per cent and could approach 100 per cent. C1 [Birzan, L.; Rafferty, D. A.; Rottgering, H. J. A.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Nulsen, P. E. J.; McNamara, B. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McNamara, B. R.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 2G1, Canada. [McNamara, B. R.] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. [Wise, M. W.] Netherlands Inst Radio Astron ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Mittal, R.] Rochester Inst Technol, Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Birzan, L (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, Oort Gebouw,POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM birzan@strw.leidenuniv.nl OI Nulsen, Paul/0000-0003-0297-4493 FU Chandra X-ray grant [AR9-0018x]; NASA [NAS8-03060] FX LB's work at Pennsylvania State University was supported by Chandra X-ray grant AR9-0018x. PEJN's work was supported in part by NASA grant NAS8-03060. LB thanks George Pavlov and Niel Brandt for their support at Pennsylvania State University and J. Nevalainen and D. Eckert for useful discussions about the Ophiuchus Cluster. NR 230 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 427 IS 4 BP 3468 EP 3488 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22083.x PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 082VQ UT WOS:000314421000015 ER PT J AU Wolf, JA Fricker, GA Meyer, V Hubbell, SP Gillespie, TW Saatchi, SS AF Wolf, Jeffrey A. Fricker, Geoffrey A. Meyer, Victoria Hubbell, Stephen P. Gillespie, Thomas W. Saatchi, Sassan S. TI Plant Species Richness is Associated with Canopy Height and Topography in a Neotropical Forest SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE species richness; lidar; Barro Colorado Island; canopy height; topography ID TROPICAL FOREST; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; FLORISTIC COMPOSITION; DIVERSITY; SENSITIVITY; COMMUNITY; GRADIENTS; TREES; GAPS AB Most plant species are non-randomly distributed across environmental gradients in light, water, and nutrients. In tropical forests, these gradients result from biophysical processes related to the structure of the canopy and terrain, but how does species richness in tropical forests vary over such gradients, and can remote sensing capture this variation? Using airborne lidar, we tested the extent to which variation in tree species richness is statistically explained by lidar-measured structural variation in canopy height and terrain in the extensively studied, stem-mapped 50-ha plot on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. We detected differences in species richness associated with variation in canopy height and topography across spatial scales ranging from 0.01-ha to 1.0-ha. However, species richness was most strongly associated with structural variation at the 1.0-ha scale. We developed a predictive generalized least squares model of species richness at the 1.0-ha scale (R-2 = 0.479, RMSE = 8.3 species) using the mean and standard deviation of canopy height, mean elevation, and terrain curvature. The model demonstrates that lidar-derived measures of forest and terrain structure can capture a significant fraction of observed variation in tree species richness in tropical forests on local-scales. C1 [Wolf, Jeffrey A.; Hubbell, Stephen P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Fricker, Geoffrey A.; Gillespie, Thomas W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Meyer, Victoria; Saatchi, Sassan S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hubbell, Stephen P.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Balboa, Panama. RP Wolf, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM wolfjeff@ucla.edu; africker@ucla.edu; vic.meyer@gmail.com; shubbell@eeb.ucla.edu; tg@geog.ucla.edu; sassan.s.saatchi@jpl.nasa.gov FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; National Science Foundation [DEB-0939907, DEB-0640386, DEB-0425651, DEB-0346488, DEB-0129874, DEB-00753102, DEB-9909347, DEB-9615226, DEB-9405933, DEB-9221033, DEB-9100058, DEB-8906869, DEB-8605042, DEB-8206992, DEB-7922197]; Center for Tropical Forest Science; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Mellon Foundation; Small World Institute Fund; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA; Scholarly Studies Grant from the Smithsonian Institution; National Science Foundation Dimensions of Biodiversity grant [1050680] FX We thank Brant Faircloth, Jim Dalling, Abigail Curtis, and three anonymous reviewers for constructive criticism on this paper. The lidar data collection was made possible with financial support from Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and National Science Foundation (DEB-0939907) to Jim Dalling. The BCI forest dynamics research project was made possible by National Science Foundation grants to Stephen P. Hubbell: DEB-0640386, DEB-0425651, DEB-0346488, DEB-0129874, DEB-00753102, DEB-9909347, DEB-9615226, DEB-9615226, DEB-9405933, DEB-9221033, DEB-9100058, DEB-8906869, DEB-8605042, DEB-8206992, DEB-7922197, support from the Center for Tropical Forest Science, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Mellon Foundation, the Small World Institute Fund, and numerous private individuals, and through the hard work of over 100 people from 10 countries over the past two decades. The plot project is part the Center for Tropical Forest Science, a global network of large-scale demographic tree plots. Jeffrey Wolf was financially supported by fellowships from the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA while writing this paper and developed ideas for this paper while working on a project funded by a Scholarly Studies Grant from the Smithsonian Institution to Stephen P. Hubbell and Brant Faircloth. This research was also supported by a Graduate Distributed Seminar Series made possible by a National Science Foundation Dimensions of Biodiversity grant (1050680) to Sandy Andelman and Julia Parish. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 39 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 4 IS 12 BP 4010 EP 4021 DI 10.3390/rs4124010 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 075VI UT WOS:000313914800018 ER PT J AU Martini, M Dell'Agnello, S Currie, D Delle Monache, G Vittori, R Chandler, JF Cantone, C Boni, A Berardi, S Patrizi, G Maiello, M Garattini, M Lops, C March, R Bellettini, G Tauraso, R Intaglietta, N Tibuzzi, M Murphy, TW Bianco, G Ciocci, E AF Martini, M. Dell'Agnello, S. Currie, D. Delle Monache, G. Vittori, R. Chandler, J. F. Cantone, C. Boni, A. Berardi, S. Patrizi, G. Maiello, M. Garattini, M. Lops, C. March, R. Bellettini, G. Tauraso, R. Intaglietta, N. Tibuzzi, M. Murphy, T. W. Bianco, G. Ciocci, E. TI MoonLIGHT: A USA-Italy lunar laser ranging retroreflector array for the 21st century SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Scientific Preparations for Lunar Exploration CY FEB 06-07, 2012 CL ESA, ESTEC, Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS HO ESA, ESTEC DE Lunar laser ranging; Space test; Cube corner reflector; Laser technology; Test of geodetic precession ID MOON AB Since the 1970s Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) to the Apollo Cube Comer Retroreflector (CCR) arrays (developed by the University of Maryland, UMD) have supplied significant tests of General Relativity: possible changes in the gravitational constant, gravitational self-energy, weak equivalence principle, geodetic precession, inverse-square force-law. LLR has also provided significant information on the composition and origin of the Moon. This is the only Apollo experiment still in operation. In the 1970s Apollo LLR arrays contributed a negligible fraction of the ranging error budget Since the ranging capabilities of ground stations improved by more than two orders of magnitude, now, because of the lunar librations, Apollo CCR arrays dominate the error budget With the project MoonLIGHT (Moon Laser Instrumentation for General relativity High-accuracy Tests), in 2006 INFN-LNF joined UMD in the development and test of a new-generation LLR payload made by a single, large CCR (100 mm diameter) unaffected by librations. In particular, INFN-LNF built and is operating a new experimental apparatus (Satellite/lunar laser ranging Characterization Facility, SCF) and created a new industry-standard test procedure (SCF-Test) to characterize and model the detailed thermal behavior and the optical performance of CCRs in laboratory-simulated space conditions, for industrial and scientific applications. Our key experimental innovation is the concurrent measurement and modeling of the optical Far Field Diffraction Pattern (FFDP) and the temperature distribution of retroreflector payloads under thermal conditions produced with a solar simulator. The apparatus includes infrared cameras for non-invasive thermometry, thermal control and real-time payload movement to simulate satellite orientation on orbit with respect to solar illumination and laser interrogation beams. These capabilities provide: unique prelaunch performance validation of the space segment of LLR/SLR (Satellite Laser Ranging): retroreflector design optimization to maximize ranging efficiency and signal-to-noise conditions in daylight Results of the SCF-Test of our CCR payload will be presented. Negotiations are underway to propose our payload and SCF-Test services for precision gravity and lunar science measurements with next robotic lunar landing missions. We will describe the addition of the CCR optical Wavefront Fizeau Interferogram (WE) concurrently to FFDP/temperature measurements in the framework of an ASI-INFN project, ETRUSCO-2. The main goals of the latter are: development of a standard GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) laser Retroreflector Army; a second SCF: SCF-Test of Galileo, GPS and other 'as-built' GNSS retroreflector payloads. Results on analysis of Apollo LLR data and search of new gravitational physics with LLR, Mercury Radar Ranging will be presented. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Martini, M.; Dell'Agnello, S.; Delle Monache, G.; Cantone, C.; Boni, A.; Berardi, S.; Patrizi, G.; Maiello, M.; Garattini, M.; Lops, C.; March, R.; Bellettini, G.; Tauraso, R.; Intaglietta, N.; Tibuzzi, M.; Ciocci, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Currie, D.] Univ Maryland UMD, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Currie, D.] NASA, Lunar Sci Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Vittori, R.] Aeronaut Mil Italiana, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Chandler, J. F.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys CfA, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Murphy, T. W.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Bianco, G.] Italian Space Agcy, Ctr Geodesia Spaziale G Colombo ASI CGS, I-75100 Matera, Italy. RP Martini, M (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, I-00044 Rome, Italy. EM Manuele.Martini@Inf.infn.it OI Bianco, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4538-6467; Tauraso, Roberto/0000-0002-5619-3513; March, Riccardo/0000-0003-3144-7537; Martini, Manuele/0000-0001-6508-2930 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 74 IS 1 SI SI BP 276 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2012.09.006 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 068SD UT WOS:000313385600028 ER PT J AU Gaillou, E Post, JE Rose, T Butler, JE AF Gaillou, E. Post, J. E. Rose, T. Butler, J. E. TI Cathodoluminescence of Natural, Plastically Deformed Pink Diamonds SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE natural pink diamond; cathodoluminescence; twin; plastic deformation; H3 center; 405.5 nm center ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; INFRARED-ABSORPTION; OPTICAL-CENTERS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NITROGEN; DEFECT AB The 49 type I natural pink diamonds examined exhibit color restricted to lamellae or bands oriented along {111} that are created by plastic deformation. Pink diamonds fall into two groups: (1) diamonds from Argyle in Australia and Santa Elena in Venezuela are heavily strained throughout and exhibit pink bands alternating with colorless areas, and (2) diamonds from other localities have strain localized near the discrete pink lamellae. Growth zones are highlighted by a blue cathodoluminescence (CL) and crosscut by the pink lamellae that emit yellowish-green CL that originates from the H3 center. This center probably forms by the recombination of nitrogen-related centers (A-aggregates) and vacancies mobilized by natural annealing in the Earth's mantle. Twinning is the most likely mechanism through which plastic deformation is accommodated for the two groups of diamonds. The plastic deformation creates new centers visible through spectroscopic methods, including the one responsible for the pink color, which remains unidentified. The differences in the plastic deformation features, and resulting CL properties, for the two groups might correlate to the particular geologic conditions under which the diamonds formed; those from Argyle and Santa Elena are deposits located within Proterozoic cratons, whereas most diamonds originate from Archean cratons. C1 [Gaillou, E.] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Dept Mineral Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. [Post, J. E.; Rose, T.; Butler, J. E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Butler, J. E.] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gaillou, E (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Dept Mineral Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. EM eloise.gaillou@gmail.com RI Gaillou, Eloise/D-1753-2009; Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Gaillou, Eloise/0000-0002-7949-268X; Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 FU Coralyn Whitney endowment; Smithsonian Institution FX The authors give a special thanks to John Chapman (Rio Tinto), Alexandro Stern, and Simon O'Brien and De Beers Canada Inc., who provided pink diamonds from Argyle in Australia, Santa Elena in Venezuela, and Canada, respectively. We are also grateful to Alan Levy, who loaned three pink diamonds from the Williamson Mine in Tanzania for this study. E.G.'s work was funded by the Coralyn Whitney endowment (to the Smithsonian) and the Smithsonian Institution. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 20 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1292 EP 1302 DI 10.1017/S1431927612013542 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 066QD UT WOS:000313234400011 PM 23217341 ER PT J AU Wilson, NC MacRae, CM Torpy, A Davidson, CJ Vicenzi, EP AF Wilson, Nicholas C. MacRae, Colin M. Torpy, Aaron Davidson, Cameron J. Vicenzi, Edward P. TI Hyperspectral Cathodoluminescence Examination of Defects in a Carbonado Diamond SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE cathodoluminescence; carbonado; data clustering; hyperspectral ID LUMINESCENCE; ABSORPTION; SPECTRA; ROCKS AB Hyperspectral cathodoluminescence mapping is used to examine a carbonado diamond. The hyperspectral dataset is examined using a data clustering algorithm to interpret the range of spectral shapes present within the dataset, which are related to defects within the structure of the diamond. The cathodoluminescence response from this particular carbonado diamond can be attributed to a small number of defect types: N-V-0, N2V, N3V, a 3.188 eV line, which is attributed to radiation damage, and two broad luminescence bands. Both the N2V and 3.188 eV defects require high-temperature annealing, which has implications for interpreting the thermal history of the diamond. In addition, bright halos observed within the diamond cathodoluminescence, from alpha decay radiation damage, can be attributed to the decay of U-238. C1 [Wilson, Nicholas C.; MacRae, Colin M.; Torpy, Aaron; Davidson, Cameron J.] CSIRO Proc Sci & Engn, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Vicenzi, Edward P.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Wilson, NC (reprint author), CSIRO Proc Sci & Engn, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. EM nick.wilson@csiro.au NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1303 EP 1312 DI 10.1017/S1431927612013578 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 066QD UT WOS:000313234400012 PM 23237592 ER PT J AU Wendler, JE Wendler, I Rose, T Huber, BT AF Wendler, Jens E. Wendler, Ines Rose, Timothy Huber, Brian T. TI Using Cathodoluminescence Spectroscopy of Cretaceous Calcareous Microfossils to Distinguish Biogenic from Early-Diagenetic Calcite SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE cathodoluminescence spectroscopy; calcareous dinoflagellates; foraminifera; diagenesis; biomineralization; preservation; Turonian ID ONTOGENIC FINGERPRINT; CHEMOSTRATIGRAPHY; LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; CARBONATES; SEDIMENTS; MANGANESE AB A comparative cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopic study of extraordinarily well-preserved versus diagenetically altered Turonian (similar to 92 Ma before present) calcitic and aragonitic microfossils was performed to document the cathodoluminescence characteristics of two common Cretaceous carbonate producers, foraminifera and calcareous dinoflagellates. Unaltered specimens reveal a conspicuous peak in the blue CL band at similar to 400 nm that has rarely been previously reported for biogenic carbonates. We interpret this luminescence as an indicative feature of the primary bio-mineralized shells of calcareous dinoflagellates and foraminifera. Orange luminescence as the second important CL emission band (similar to 620 nm) in calcite generally increases with diagenetic cement overgrowth and recrystallization but can also be present in unaltered material. Thus, orange CL of biogenic calcite is not an unequivocal diagenetic indicator. Accordingly, spectroscopic investigation of both the similar to 400 and similar to 620 nm peaks represents a more objective criterion to evaluate the degree of diagenetic alteration. The ratio of relative intensities of the blue CL versus orange CL can provide a semiquantitative measure with relative intensity ratios blue:orange >2 occurring in the least diagenetically altered microfossils. Comparison of unaltered specimens of separate species reveals elemental differences that potentially indicate species-specific biomineralization or habitats. C1 [Wendler, Jens E.; Wendler, Ines; Huber, Brian T.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Wendler, Jens E.; Wendler, Ines] Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Rose, Timothy] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Wendler, JE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, POB 37012,MRC 121, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM wendler@uni-bremen.de FU German Science Foundation (DFG) [WE4587/1-1]; National Science Foundation [EAR 0641956]; Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Studies Fund FX This research was financially supported by German Science Foundation (DFG) fund WE4587/1-1 (J.E.W.), National Science Foundation EAR 0641956 (B.T.H.), and the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Studies Fund (B.T.H.). J. Gotze is thanked for insightful comments. S. Whittaker (Smithsonian Institution) is acknowledged for assistance at the SEM. We thank A. Logan and E. Bullock (Smithsonian Institution) for advice and assistance with in the electron microprobe analyses. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1313 EP 1321 DI 10.1017/S1431927612001353 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 066QD UT WOS:000313234400013 PM 23164215 ER PT J AU Leeman, WP MacRae, CM Wilson, NC Torpy, A Lee, CTA Student, JJ Thomas, JB Vicenzi, EP AF Leeman, William P. MacRae, Colin M. Wilson, Nick C. Torpy, Aaron Lee, Cin-Ty A. Student, James J. Thomas, Jay B. Vicenzi, Edward P. TI A Study of Cathodoluminescence and Trace Element Compositional Zoning in Natural Quartz from Volcanic Rocks: Mapping Titanium Content in Quartz SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE cathodoluminescence; LA-ICPMS; titanium; quartz ID SNAKE-RIVER-PLAIN; INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; LASER-ABLATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; YELLOWSTONE HOTSPOT; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; HYDROTHERMAL QUARTZ; ELECTRON-MICROPROBE; SILICIC VOLCANISM; ERUPTIVE CENTER AB This article concerns application of cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy to volcanic quartz and its utility in assessing variation in trace quantities of Ti within individual crystals. CL spectroscopy provides useful details of intragrain compositional variability and structure but generally limited quantitative information on element abundances. Microbeam analysis can provide such information but is time-consuming and costly, particularly if large numbers of analyses are required. To maximize advantages of both approaches, natural and synthetic quartz crystals were studied using high-resolution hyperspectral CL imaging (1.2-5.0 eV range) combined with analysis via laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). Spectral intensities can be deconvolved into three principal contributions (1.93, 2.19, and 2.72 eV), for which intensity of the latter peak was found to correlate directly with Ti concentration. Quantitative maps of Ti variation can be produced by calibration of the CL spectral data against relatively few analytical points. Such maps provide useful information concerning intragrain zoning or heterogeneity of Ti contents with the sensitivity of LA-ICPMS analysis and spatial resolution of electron microprobe analysis. C1 [Leeman, William P.; Lee, Cin-Ty A.] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [MacRae, Colin M.; Wilson, Nick C.; Torpy, Aaron] CSIRO Proc Sci & Engn, Clayton Labs, Microbeam Lab, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Student, James J.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Thomas, Jay B.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Vicenzi, Edward P.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Leeman, WP (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 6100 S Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM leeman@rice.edu RI Lee, Cin-Ty/A-5469-2008 FU NSF [EAR-0440228] FX W.P.L. thanks the Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution for access to facilities and assistance with sample preparation, the National Science Foundation (NSF) for providing time to conduct this research while employed there, and Ilya Bindeman for providing the Yellowstone quartz separates. J.B.T. acknowledges support from the NSF (grant number EAR-0440228 to E.B. Watson) for experimental studies on the solubility of Ti in minerals. J.J.S. thanks Bob Bodnar and Scott Mutchler for access to VPI facilities and for analytical support. The authors thank C. Davidson (CSIRO) for preparing samples for CL analysis. We also thank Andreas Audetat and an anonymous reviewer for detailed reviews that were of great help in improving the article. NR 81 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 48 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1322 EP 1341 DI 10.1017/S1431927612013426 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 066QD UT WOS:000313234400014 PM 23164281 ER PT J AU Brock, AP Isaza, R Hunter, RP Richman, LK Montali, RJ Schmitt, DL Koch, DE Lindsay, WA AF Brock, A. Paige Isaza, Ramiro Hunter, Robert P. Richman, Laura K. Montali, Richard J. Schmitt, Dennis L. Koch, David E. Lindsay, William A. TI Estimates of the pharmacokinetics of famciclovir and its active metabolite penciclovir in young Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENDOTHELIOTROPIC HERPESVIRUSES; AFRICAN ELEPHANTS; TUBERCULOSIS; PLASMA; HERPES AB Objective-To determine plasma pharmacokinetics of penciclovir following oral and rectal administration of famciclovir to young Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Animals-6 healthy Asian elephants (5 females and 1 male), 4.5 to 9 years old and weighing 1,646 to 2,438 kg. Procedures-Famciclovir was administered orally or rectally in accordance with an incomplete crossover design. Three treatment groups, each comprising 4 elephants, received single doses of famciclovir 15 mg/kg, PO, or 5 or 15 mg/kg, rectally); there was a minimum 12-week washout period between subsequent famciclovir administrations. Serial blood samples were collected after each administration. Samples were analyzed for famciclovir and penciclovir with a validated liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy assay. Results-Famciclovir was tolerated well for both routes of administration and underwent complete biotransformation to the active metabolite, penciclovir. Mean maximum plasma concentration of penciclovir was 1.3 mu g/mL at 1.1 hours after oral administration of 5 mg/kg. Similar results were detected after rectal administration of 5 mg/kg. Mean maximum plasma concentration was 3.6 mu g/mL at 0.66 hours after rectal administration of 15 mg/kg; this concentration was similar to results reported for humans receiving 7 mg/kg orally. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Juvenile Asian elephants are susceptible to elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus. Although most infections are fatal, case reports indicate administration of famciclovir has been associated with survival of 3 elephants. In Asian elephants, a dose of 8 to 15 mg of famciclovir/kg given orally or rectally at least every 8 hours may result in penciclovir concentrations that are considered therapeutic in humans. (Am J Vet Res 2012;73:1996-2000) C1 [Brock, A. Paige; Isaza, Ramiro] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Hunter, Robert P.; Koch, David E.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat & Physiol, Zool Pharmacol Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Richman, Laura K.; Montali, Richard J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Schmitt, Dennis L.] SW Missouri State Univ, Darr Sch Agr, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [Schmitt, Dennis L.; Lindsay, William A.] Ringling Bros Ctr Elephant Conservat, Polk City, FL 33868 USA. RP Brock, AP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM brockp@ufl.edu RI Hunter, Robert/A-2306-2008 OI Hunter, Robert/0000-0003-1224-2376 FU National Institutes of Health-National Center for Research Resources [KL2 RR029888, UL1 RR029890]; Feld Entertainment Inc; Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine FX Supported in part by National Institutes of Health-National Center for Research Resources Clinical and Translational Science Awards to the University of Florida (KL2 RR029888 and UL1 RR029890), Feld Entertainment Inc, and the Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1996 EP 2000 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 056TF UT WOS:000312513600020 PM 23176429 ER PT J AU Nadel, D Piperno, DR Holst, I Snir, A Weiss, E AF Nadel, Dani Piperno, Dolores R. Holst, Irene Snir, Ainit Weiss, Ehud TI New evidence for the processing of wild cereal grains at Ohalo II, a 23 000-year-old campsite on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, Israel SO ANTIQUITY LA English DT Article DE Israel; Ohalo II; Sea of Galilee; Upper Palaeolithic; cereal processing; wheat; barley; oats ID PLANT REMAINS; JORDAN VALLEY; 19,000 BP; SITE; FOOD; HUT; MICROFOSSILS; CALCULUS; DIET AB Traces of starch found on a large fiat stone discovered in the bunter-fisher-gatherer site of Ohalo II famously represent the first identification of Upper Palaeolithic grinding of grasses. Given the importance of this discovery for the use of edible grain, further analyses have now been undertaken. Meticulous sampling combined with good preservation allow the authors to demonstrate that the Ohalo II stone was certainly used for the routine processing of wild cereals, wheat, barley and now oats among them, around 23 000 years ago. C1 [Nadel, Dani] Univ Haifa, Zinman Inst Archaeol, IL-31905 Har Hakarmel, Israel. [Piperno, Dolores R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Program Human Ecol & Archaeobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Piperno, Dolores R.; Holst, Irene] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Snir, Ainit; Weiss, Ehud] Bar Ilan Univ, Inst Archaeol, Martin Szusz Dept Land Israel Studies & Archaeol, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Nadel, D (reprint author), Univ Haifa, Zinman Inst Archaeol, IL-31905 Har Hakarmel, Israel. EM dnadel@research.haifa.ac.il; pipernod@si.edu; holsti@si.edu; snira@netvision.net.il; eweiss@biu.ac.il RI Weiss, Ehud/F-2588-2016 OI Weiss, Ehud/0000-0002-9730-4726 NR 38 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 40 PU ANTIQUITY PI YORK PA KINGS MANOR, YORK YO1 7EP, ENGLAND SN 0003-598X EI 1745-1744 J9 ANTIQUITY JI Antiquity PD DEC PY 2012 VL 86 IS 334 BP 990 EP 1003 PG 14 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 055PI UT WOS:000312428500003 ER PT J AU Loring, S Gero, J AF Loring, Stephen Gero, Joan TI The Evolution of Happiness SO ARCHAEOLOGIES-JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONGRESS LA English DT Article DE Materiality; Artifact plates; Archaeological illustration AB The authors reveal a dramatic but previously unsuspected pattern in archaeological illustration: the presence of smiling faces composed of artifacts arranged in plates of archaeological illustrations and photographs. In this paper, we explore the possible meanings that lurk behind and emerge from these mysterious portraits, questioning whether they are byproducts of human agency or whether, instead, they represent new examples of how material objects act back on (or "interfere with") human agency. C1 [Loring, Stephen] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Gero, Joan] American Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Loring, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, NMNH MRC 112,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM lorings@si.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1555-8622 J9 ARCHAEOLOGIES JI Archaeologies-J. World Archaeol. Congr. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 8 IS 3 SI SI BP 376 EP 402 DI 10.1007/s11759-012-9208-x PG 27 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 060JZ UT WOS:000312774900012 ER PT J AU Hardy, CR Ryndock, J AF Hardy, Christopher R. Ryndock, Jason TI Floral Morphology and Organogenesis in Tinantia pringlei, Along with a Review of Floral Developmental Variation in the Spiderwort Family, Commelinaceae SO BOTANICAL REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Commelinaceae; Floral Characters; Floral Development; Tapetal Raphides; Thyrsantheminae; Tinantia ID GAMETOPHYTES; VASCULATURE; FLOWER AB Floral organogenesis had previously been investigated thoroughly in 11 species from three of nine subtribes or their equivalent in the Commelinaceae. Here flower morphology and development is described from a member of a fourth subtribe, Tinantia pringlei from the Thyrsantheminae, and comparisons are made. Although the calyx is only weakly monosymmetric at maturity, development is of the monosymmetric-type known from or resembling that of the monosymmetric flowers of Cochliostema, Dichorisandra, and Plowmanianthus (subtribe Dichorisandrinae; tribe Tradescantieae) and Commelina (tribe Commelineae). Whereas the corolla also is weakly monosymmetric at maturity, development is of the polysymmetric-type known from the polysymmetric flowers of Callisia, Gibasis, and Tradescantia (subtribe Tradescantiinae). In the androecium, the long, inconspicuous blue stamens of the lower floral hemisphere emerge first during development, while the shorter, showy yellow, upper stamens emerge last. The overall pattern of stamen development is centripetal, thereby resembling that reported for the majority of confamilial taxa, and contrasting with the centrifugal pattern known from Callisia and Tradescantia. Relative to the majority of confamilial taxa investigated, the carpels emerge relatively late in development, resembling the timing known for the carpels of Callisia and Tradescantia. Overall, however, carpel emergence in Tinantia pringlei is unique in the comparatively small size of the remnant floral apical primordium on which the carpels emerge. Other variations in floral development are discussed and further such studies within the family are encouraged based on the potential for using such developmental variations in the assessment of morphological homologies and phylogenetic relationships within the Commelinaceae. C1 [Hardy, Christopher R.; Ryndock, Jason] Millersville Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Biol, James C Parks Herbarium, Millersville, PA 17551 USA. [Hardy, Christopher R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Ryndock, Jason] Bur Forestry, Dept Conservat & Nat Resources, Harrisburg, PA 17105 USA. RP Hardy, CR (reprint author), Millersville Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Biol, James C Parks Herbarium, POB 1002, Millersville, PA 17551 USA. EM christopher.hardy@millersville.edu FU Millersville University Department of Biology; Arthur and Claribel Gerhart Scholarship award FX Financial support for this study came from the Millersville University Department of Biology and an Arthur and Claribel Gerhart Scholarship award to Jason Ryndock. To that end, we appreciate Susan DiBartolomeis and James Mone for their service on the Gerhart Scholarship Selection Committee. David Dobbins and Maria Schiza provided invaluable assistance through their efforts in the maintenance of the scanning electron microscope. The plants used in this study were generated from stem cuttings originally donated by Bob and Audrey Faden out of the Smithsonian Institution's greenhouse facility. It is the maintenance of such living collections that enables this type of research. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0006-8101 J9 BOT REV JI Bot. Rev. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 78 IS 4 BP 416 EP 427 DI 10.1007/s12229-012-9108-1 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 058KI UT WOS:000312632200006 ER PT J AU Specht, CD Yockteng, R Almeida, AM Kirchoff, BK Kress, WJ AF Specht, Chelsea D. Yockteng, Roxana Almeida, Ana Maria Kirchoff, Bruce K. Kress, W. John TI Homoplasy, Pollination, and Emerging Complexity During the Evolution of Floral Development in the Tropical Gingers (Zingiberales) SO BOTANICAL REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Floral evolution; Developmental evolution; Pollination syndrome; Zingiberales; Diversification rates; Model clade; Key innovation ID DIFFERENTIAL DIVERSIFICATION RATES; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; HUMMINGBIRD POLLINATION; COSTACEAE ZINGIBERALES; PIGMENT PATTERNS; KEY INNOVATIONS; MARANTACEAE; PHYLOGENY; SPECIATION; DIVERSITY AB With their impressive array of floral diversity and a largely-understood phylogenetic relationships, the Zingiberales provide an ideal model clade to test for the roles of genetic and ecological factors driving floral diversification. Many Zingiberales have close associations with particular suites of pollinators, a species-level interaction that is reflected in their overall floral morphology. Here we first discuss the importance of understanding developmental evolution in a phylogenetic context, then use the evolution of floral morphology across the Zingiberales to test the hypothesis that shifts in rates of diversification among these tropical monocots is correlated with shifts in pollination syndrome, suggesting an important role of pollination specificity in driving speciation and floral diversification in the Zingiberales. C1 [Specht, Chelsea D.; Yockteng, Roxana; Almeida, Ana Maria] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kirchoff, Bruce K.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. [Kress, W. John] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Specht, Chelsea D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Univ & Jepson Herbaria, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yockteng, Roxana] CNRS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, UMR 7205, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Specht, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cdspecht@berkeley.edu FU Fulbright/CAPES Scholarship; NSF DDIG [DEB 1110461]; National Science Foundation CAREER award [IOS 0845641] FX We thank all current and former members of the Specht lab especially M. Bartlett, H. Driscoll, C. Sass, and T. Renner as well as members of the Kirchoff and Kress research groups who have contributed ideas and food for thought over the years. Research highlighted in this paper was funded by a Fulbright/CAPES Scholarship and NSF DDIG (DEB 1110461) to AMA and a National Science Foundation CAREER award (IOS 0845641) to CDS. NR 79 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0006-8101 J9 BOT REV JI Bot. Rev. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 78 IS 4 BP 440 EP 462 DI 10.1007/s12229-012-9111-6 PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 058KI UT WOS:000312632200008 ER PT J AU Ruger, N Wirth, C Wright, SJ Condit, R AF Rueger, Nadja Wirth, Christian Wright, S. Joseph Condit, Richard TI Functional traits explain light and size response of growth rates in tropical tree species SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adult stature; Barro Colorado Island; leaf area; leaf nutrient concentration; life-history theory; maximum height; Panama; plasticity; seed mass; shade tolerance; wood density ID RAIN-FOREST TREES; WOOD DENSITY; INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION; NEOTROPICAL FORESTS; ECONOMICS SPECTRUM; DEMOGRAPHIC RATES; SHADE TOLERANCE; GOOD PREDICTORS; PLANT TRAITS; LIFE-HISTORY AB Relationships between functional traits and average or potential demographic rates have provided insight into the functional constraints and trade-offs underlying life-history strategies of tropical tree species. We have extended this framework by decomposing growth rates of similar to 130 000 trees of 171 Neotropical tree species into intrinsic growth and the response of growth to light and size. We related these growth characteristics to multiple functional traits (wood density, adult stature, seed mass, leaf traits) in a hierarchical Bayesian model that accounted for measurement error and intraspecific variability of functional traits. Wood density was the most important trait determining all three growth characteristics. Intrinsic growth rates were additionally strongly related to adult stature, while all traits contributed to light response. Our analysis yielded a predictive model that allows estimation of growth characteristics for rare species on the basis of a few easily measurable morphological traits. C1 [Rueger, Nadja; Wirth, Christian] Univ Leipzig, AG Spezielle Bot & Funkt Biodiversitat, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Rueger, Nadja; Wright, S. Joseph; Condit, Richard] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa Ancon, Panama. RP Ruger, N (reprint author), Univ Leipzig, AG Spezielle Bot & Funkt Biodiversitat, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. EM nadja.rueger@uni-leipzig.de RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013; Ruger, Nadja/J-6393-2015 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676; Ruger, Nadja/0000-0003-2371-4172 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG [RU 1536/2-1]; Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS); U.S. National Science Foundation [0948585]; John D. and Catherine D. McArthur Foundation; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; F. H. Levinson Fund FX We thank Jens Doleschal and the Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universitat Dresden, for the parallelization of the R code and provision of computing resources. We also thank Karin Nadrowksi and Gerald van den Boogaart for statistical advice, John Kress for providing the phylogenetic tree, and Bruno Herault and Timothy Paine for helpful comments. N. Ruger was funded by research grants from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG (RU 1536/2-1) and the Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS). The BCI plot has been made possible through the support of the U.S. National Science Foundation (most recently, grant no. 0948585 to S. P. Hubbell), the John D. and Catherine D. McArthur Foundation, and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Functional trait data were funded by the F. H. Levinson Fund. We thank the dozens of field assistants and botanists who have collected data in the BCI plot over the past 30 years. NR 58 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 170 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2012 VL 93 IS 12 BP 2626 EP 2636 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 062AW UT WOS:000312892500013 PM 23431593 ER PT J AU Lind, EM Myron, EP Giaccai, J Parker, JD AF Lind, Eric M. Myron, Emily P. Giaccai, Jennifer Parker, John D. TI White-Tailed Deer Alter Specialist and Generalist Insect Herbivory Through Plant Traits SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE indirect interactions; induced defenses; leaf traits; terpenes; vertebrate herbivory ID LINDERA-BENZOIN LAURACEAE; THUJA-PLICATA; QUALITY; DEFENSE; GROWTH; LIGHT; MONOTERPENE; OVIPOSITION; RESISTANCE; CHEMISTRY AB Within a plant species, leaf traits can vary across environmental, genetic, spatial, and temporal gradients, even showing drastic differences within individuals. Herbivory can also induce variation in leaf morphology, defensive structure, and chemistry including nutritional content. Indirect effects of prior insect herbivory on later herbivores have been well documented, but the induction of trait changes after vertebrate herbivory has been little explored. Here, we examined how browsing of spicebush (Lindera benzoin L.), a dominant understory shrub in eastern mesic forests, by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus L.) altered plant quality and subsequent foliar herbivory by insects. Browsing history explained approximate to 10% of overall leaf trait variation; regenerated leaves had greater water content and specific leaf area (P = 0.009), but were lower in nitrogen and greater in carbon (P = 0.001), than leaves on unbrowsed plants. However, browsing did not shift terpene chemistry as revealed by GC-MS. In the lab, caterpillars of the specialist spicebush swallowtail (Papilio troilus L.) preferred (P = 0.02) and grew 20% faster (P = 0.02) on foliage from browsed plants; whereas total herbivory in the field, including generalist insect herbivory, was twice as high on unbrowsed plants (P = 0.016). These results suggest that the ecological impacts of deer in forest understories can have cascading impacts on arthropod communities by changing the suitability of host-plants to insect herbivores. C1 [Lind, Eric M.; Myron, Emily P.; Parker, John D.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Myron, Emily P.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Giaccai, Jennifer] Smithsonian Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Lind, EM (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM elind@umn.edu RI Parker, John/F-9761-2010; OI Parker, John/0000-0002-3632-7625; Lind, Eric/0000-0003-3051-7724; Giaccai, Jennifer/0000-0001-7596-2755 FU NSF REU [NSF-DBI 0851303] FX We thank Lauren Richie, Christian Latimer, Christine Cochrane, and Anne Chamberlain for help in the field and lab, Candy Feller for helpful discussions on spicebush herbivory at SERC, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by an NSF REU site grant (NSF-DBI 0851303). NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 77 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1409 EP 1416 DI 10.1603/EN12094 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 058YC UT WOS:000312670000013 PM 23321087 ER PT J AU Lee, SJ Serre, ML van Donkelaar, A Martin, RV Burnett, RT Jerrett, M AF Lee, Seung-Jae Serre, Marc L. van Donkelaar, Aaron Martin, Randall V. Burnett, Richard T. Jerrett, Michael TI Comparison of Geostatistical Interpolation and Remote Sensing Techniques for Estimating Long-Term Exposure to Ambient PM2.5 Concentrations across the Continental United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; chronic exposure; geostatistics; PM2.5; remote sensing ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; LAND-USE REGRESSION; MATTER CONCENTRATIONS; LOS-ANGELES; FINE; MORTALITY; HEALTH AB BACKGROUND: A better understanding of the adverse health effects of chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) requires accurate estimates of PM2.5 variation at fine spatial scales. Remote sensing has emerged as an important means of estimating PM2.5 exposures, but relatively few studies have compared remote-sensing estimates to those derived from monitor-based data. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated and compared the predictive capabilities of remote sensing and geostatistical interpolation. METHODS: We developed a space time geostatistical kriging model to predict PM2.5 over the continental United States and compared resulting predictions to estimates derived from satellite retrievals. RESULTS: The kriging estimate was more accurate for locations that were about 100 km from a monitoring station, whereas the remote sensing estimate was more accurate for locations that were > 100 km from a monitoring station. Based on this finding, we developed a hybrid map that combines the kriging and satellite-based PM2.5 estimates. CONCLUSIONS: We found that for most of the populated areas of the continental United States, geostatistical interpolation produced more accurate estimates than remote sensing. The differences between the estimates resulting from the two methods, however, were relatively small. In areas with extensive monitoring networks, the interpolation may provide more accurate estimates, but in the many areas of the world without such monitoring, remote sensing can provide useful exposure estimates that perform nearly as well. C1 [Jerrett, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, Seung-Jae] Risk Management Solut Inc, Geospatial Dev Dept, Newark, CA USA. [Serre, Marc L.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [van Donkelaar, Aaron; Martin, Randall V.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Martin, Randall V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Burnett, Richard T.] Hlth Canada, Populat Studies Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. RP Jerrett, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, 50 Univ Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jerrett@berkeley.edu RI Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; OI Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; serre, marc/0000-0003-3145-4024 FU Health Canada [HC-4500209]; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [200-2010-37394] FX This research was funded by Health Canada (grant HC-4500209) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (grant 200-2010-37394). S.-J.L. is now employed by Geospatial Development Department, Risk Management Solutions Inc., Newark, California, but this work was performed while he worked at UC Berkeley. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 63 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 120 IS 12 BP 1727 EP 1732 DI 10.1289/ehp.1205006 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 056QB UT WOS:000312504900034 PM 23033456 ER PT J AU Gilbert, GS Magarey, R Suiter, K Webb, CO AF Gilbert, Gregory S. Magarey, Roger Suiter, Karl Webb, Campbell O. TI Evolutionary tools for phytosanitary risk analysis: phylogenetic signal as a predictor of host range of plant pests and pathogens SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE emergent pests and pathogens; phylogenetic ecology; plant disease ecology; fungal pathogens; herbivory; novel species interactions; biological invasions ID TROPICAL FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; FUNGAL; HERBIVORES; TREE; MACROEVOLUTION; TRANSMISSION; SPECIFICITY; ANGIOSPERMS; RESISTANCE AB Assessing risk from a novel pest or pathogen requires knowing which local plant species are susceptible. Empirical data on the local host range of novel pests are usually lacking, but we know that some pests are more likely to attack closely related plant species than species separated by greater evolutionary distance. We use the Global Pest and Disease Database, an internal database maintained by the United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine Division (USDA APHIS-PPQ), to evaluate the strength of the phylogenetic signal in host range for nine major groups of plant pests and pathogens. Eight of nine groups showed significant phylogenetic signal in host range. Additionally, pests and pathogens with more known hosts attacked a phylogenetically broader range of hosts. This suggests that easily obtained data the number of known hosts and the phylogenetic distance between known hosts and other species of interest can be used to predict which plant species are likely to be susceptible to a particular pest. This can facilitate rapid assessment of risk from novel pests and pathogens when empirical host range data are not yet available and guide efficient collection of empirical data for risk evaluation. C1 [Gilbert, Gregory S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Gilbert, Gregory S.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Magarey, Roger; Suiter, Karl] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Pest Management, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Webb, Campbell O.] Harvard Univ, Arnold Arboretum, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Gilbert, GS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, 405 ISB,1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM ggilbert@ucsc.edu OI Webb, Campbell/0000-0003-1031-3249 FU G. Gilbert [10201]; USDA APHIS-PPQ-CPHST PERAL [10201]; NSF [DEB-0515520, DEB-0842059]; University of California Santa Cruz; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute FX Funding for this work was provided by Cooperative Agreement between G. Gilbert and USDA APHIS-PPQ-CPHST PERAL funded from Section 10201 of the Farm Bill, and by NSF grants DEB-0515520 and DEB-0842059. Additional support was provided by the University of California Santa Cruz and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Thank you to J. Ohayon, D. Schweizer, S. Crandall, M. Saunders, and I. M. Parker for helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript. NR 45 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 77 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 5 IS 8 BP 869 EP 878 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2012.00265.x PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 060WL UT WOS:000312808900009 PM 23346231 ER PT J AU Cummings, JA Parker, IM Gilbert, GS AF Cummings, Justin A. Parker, Ingrid M. Gilbert, Gregory S. TI Allelopathy: a tool for weed management in forest restoration SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Saccharum spontaneum; Legumes; Novel weapons hypothesis; Homeland security hypothesis; Allelopathy; Forest restoration ID EXOTIC PLANT INVASION; LEUCAENA-LEUCOCEPHALA; AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS; MULTIPURPOSE TREES; SEED-GERMINATION; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES; SECONDARY METABOLITES; WEAPONS HYPOTHESIS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICE; ABANDONED PASTURE AB Forest restoration uses active management to re-establish natural forest habitat after disturbance. However, competition from early successional species, often aggressively invasive exotic plant species, can inhibit tree establishment and forest regeneration. Ideally, restoration ecologists can plant native tree species that not only establish and grow rapidly, but also suppress exotic competitors. Allelopathy may be a key mechanism by which some native trees could reduce the abundance and impact of exotic species. Allelopathy is a recognized tool for weed management in agriculture and agroforestry, but few studies have considered how allelopathic interactions may aid restoration. Here we introduce the "Homeland Security" hypothesis, which posits that some na < ve exotic species may be particularly sensitive to allelochemicals produced by native species, providing a tool to reduce the growth and impacts of invasive exotic species on reforestation. This article explores how exploiting allelopathy in native species could improve restoration success and the re-establishment of natural successional dynamics. We review the evidence for allelopathy in agroforestry systems, and consider its relevance for reforestation. We then illustrate the potential for this approach with a case study of tropical forest restoration in Panama. C-4 grasses heavily invade deforested areas in the Panama Canal watershed, especially Saccharum spontaneum L. We measured the effect of leaf litter from 17 potential restoration tree species on the growth of invasive C-4 grasses. We found that leaf litter from legume trees had a greater inhibitory effect on performance of S. spontaneum than did litter from non-legume trees. However, allelopathic effects varied greatly among species within tree functional groups. Further evaluation of intra- and inter-specific interactions will help to improve our selection of restoration species. C1 [Cummings, Justin A.; Parker, Ingrid M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Parker, Ingrid M.; Gilbert, Gregory S.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Gilbert, Gregory S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Cummings, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM 83cummingsj@gmail.com FU STRI Short Term Fellowship; UCSC Center for Tropical Ecology, Agriculture, and Development; Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) program; Jean Langenheim Fellowship FX The authors thank the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) for logistical support and ANAM for granting us permission to conduct research in the Republic of Panama. We also thank Dr. J.S. Hall (PRORENA) and Dr. S.J. Wright for serving as mentors to JAC while conducting work in Panama, and for the field assistance of Emelie L.M. McKain. Funding to JAC was provided by the STRI Short Term Fellowship, the UCSC Center for Tropical Ecology, Agriculture, and Development, a fellowship from the Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) program, and the Jean Langenheim Fellowship. NR 126 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 177 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 213 IS 12 SI SI BP 1975 EP 1989 DI 10.1007/s11258-012-0154-x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 063VX UT WOS:000313031200013 ER PT J AU Songsasen, N Comizzoli, P Nagashima, J Fujihara, M Wildt, DE AF Songsasen, N. Comizzoli, P. Nagashima, J. Fujihara, M. Wildt, D. E. TI The Domestic Dog and Cat as Models for Understanding the Regulation of Ovarian Follicle Development In Vitro SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS LA English DT Article ID BOVINE PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES; FREE CULTURE-SYSTEM; STIMULATING-HORMONE; SECONDARY FOLLICLES; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; OOCYTE MATURATION; MOUSE OOCYTES; TERM CULTURE; GROWTH; SERUM AB Contents The culture of ovarian follicles is an important tool for understanding the mechanisms controlling follicle development and differentiation of the oocyte. The benefit of recovering meiotically and developmentally competent oocytes from early stage follicles (primordial, primary, pre-antral and early antral) also would be significant, ranging from rescue of genomes from endangered species to preserving fertility in women facing cancer treatments. This research field is at an early stage of scientific discovery. To-date, live offspring from cultured primordial follicles that produced fertilizable oocytes has occurred only in the mouse. Progress in other more complex species has been limited because larger animals have longer durations of natural folliculogenesis, thereby requiring more culture time to generate fully grown follicles and oocytes. We believe the dog and cat are excellent models for understanding more about folliculogenesis in vitro. This review highlights what is known about this topic for these two species as well as future priorities. We have discovered that it is more challenging to maintain viability of primordial follicles within ovarian tissues in vitro in the dog than the cat. Nonetheless, it is possible to grow both isolated cat and dog pre-antral follicles in culture. Although the follicles of both species have the capacity to increase in size and produce steroids, only cat oocytes appear morphologically normal. The reason for this striking difference between these two species is an area of high research priority. While much more fundamental data are required, we envision advanced technology that will allow harvesting oocytes from the vast, unused follicle stores sequestered within carnivore ovaries. These gametes have utility for reproducing genetically valuable dogs and cats that are companions or biomedical models for investigating human disorders as well as for salvaging the genomes of rare canid and felid species that die before contributing to genetic management programs. C1 [Songsasen, N.; Comizzoli, P.; Nagashima, J.; Fujihara, M.; Wildt, D. E.] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Nagashima, J.] Cornell Univ, James A Baker Inst Anim Hlth, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Songsasen, N (reprint author), Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM songsasenn@si.edu FU National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [KO1 RR020564, R01 RR026064]; Yamada Science Foundation FX This research was supported by grant numbers KO1 RR020564 and R01 RR026064 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view for NCRR or NIH. M.F. is supported by a grant from the Yamada Science Foundation and a fellowship from Dr. Clinton and Missy Kelly. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0936-6768 J9 REPROD DOMEST ANIM JI Reprod. Domest. Anim. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 47 SU 6 SI SI BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1111/rda.12067 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 061ZH UT WOS:000312888300004 PM 23279457 ER PT J AU Fujihara, M Comizzoli, P Wildt, DE Songsasen, N AF Fujihara, M. Comizzoli, P. Wildt, D. E. Songsasen, N. TI Cat and Dog Primordial Follicles Enclosed in Ovarian Cortex Sustain Viability after In vitro Culture on Agarose Gel in a Protein-Free Medium SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATING-HORMONE; DOMESTIC CAT; TERM CULTURE; AMINO-ACIDS; MATURATION; SURVIVAL; OOCYTES; EMBRYOS; MAINTENANCE; METABOLISM AB Contents Our objective was to examine the influences of differing media, protein supplementation and the microenvironment on cat vs dog primordial follicle viability in vitro. Ovarian cortical slices were cultured for 3, 9 or 15 days in alpha-minimum essential medium (alpha-MEM) or MEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10% knock-out serum replacement (KSR) or 0.1% polyvinyl alcohol (protein free). In a separate study, cat and dog ovarian tissues were cultured in protein-free alpha-MEM and MEM, respectively, in cell culture inserts, on 1.5% agarose gel or in 24-well cell culture plates (control). Follicle viability was assessed in both studies using calcein AM/ethidium homodimer and histological evaluation with haematoxylin/eosin staining. No cat follicle sustained viability beyond 9 days of in vitro culture in alpha-MEM compared to 37.5% of those incubated for 15 days in MEM in protein-free condition (p < 0.05). In contrast, alpha-MEM was superior (p < 0.05) to MEM in maintaining dog follicle viability (32.7% vs 8.1%) in protein-free condition at 15 days. Serum was detrimental (p < 0.05) to follicle survival in both species. Knock-out serum replacement supplementation and a protein-free condition supported cat follicle viability, whereas the latter was superior (p < 0.05) to the former for sustaining dog follicle survival. Likewise, dog follicle viability was enhanced (p < 0.05) by the agarose gel compared to the cell culture insert and control groups after 3 and 9 days of culture. For the cat, the agarose gel better (p < 0.05) supported follicle viability compared to the control, but was equivalent to the cell culture insert. Therefore, sustaining primordial follicle survival from intracortical ovarian slices requires a different in vitro microenvironment for the cat vs the dog. A key factor to enhancing survival of these early stage follicles in culture appears to be the use of agarose gel, which enhances follicle viability, perhaps by promoting gas exchange. C1 [Fujihara, M.; Comizzoli, P.; Wildt, D. E.; Songsasen, N.] Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Species Survival, Dept Reprod Sci, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Fujihara, M (reprint author), Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Species Survival, Dept Reprod Sci, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM fujiharam@si.edu FU Yamada Science Foundation FX The authors thank veterinary hospitals in Front Royal, Stephens City, Harrisonburg and Winchester, VA areas for providing cat and dog ovaries. The authors also acknowledge Dr. Budhan Pukazhenthi for technical advice. This research was supported by a grant from the Yamada Science Foundation and a gift from Dr. Clint and Missy Kelly to M. F. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0936-6768 J9 REPROD DOMEST ANIM JI Reprod. Domest. Anim. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 47 SU 6 SI SI BP 102 EP 108 DI 10.1111/rda.12022 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 061ZH UT WOS:000312888300023 PM 23279476 ER PT J AU Nestle, E Graves-Herring, J Keefer, C Comizzoli, P AF Nestle, E. Graves-Herring, J. Keefer, C. Comizzoli, P. TI Source of Protein Supplementation during In Vitro Culture does not Affect the Quality of Resulting Blastocysts in the Domestic Cat SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS LA English DT Article ID FETAL BOVINE SERUM; STEM-LIKE CELLS; EMBRYOS; VIVO; FERTILIZATION AB Contents The objective of this study was to assess and compare the quality of cat blastocysts produced in vitro using commercial blastocyst growth media supplemented with different sources of proteins (serum protein substitute from in vitro maturation through embryo development vs 4mg/ml of bovine serum albumin for maturation and 5% foetal calf serum for fertilization and embryo development). Impact was specifically examined on the proportion of blastocyst formation, total number of blastomeres, proportion of inner cell mass and expression of pluripotency marker proteins NANOG and OCT-4. Blastocyst formation per total cleaved embryos was similar (p>0.05) regardless of the protein supplementation. There were no differences (p>0.05) between culture conditions regarding average number of blastomeres and proportion of inner cell mass in each embryo. Presence of OCT-4 protein was detected in nuclei of both trophectoderm and inner cell mass region, with a stronger signal in the latter regardless of the culture medium. NANOG protein also was present in the inner cell mass regardless of the in vitro culture condition. We therefore demonstrated that serum protein substitute was as good as semi-defined protein sources for the production of good-quality blastocysts and embryonic stem cells. In addition, a single defined medium could be successfully used for cat oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization and embryo development. C1 [Nestle, E.] Univ Maryland, Anim Sci Ctr 2101, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Graves-Herring, J.; Comizzoli, P.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Nestle, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Anim Sci Ctr 2101, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM enestle@umd.edu FU University of Maryland-Smithsonian Institute Joint SEED Grant FX We would like to thank Drs. Michael Cranfield and Brent Whitaker (Maryland Line Animal Rescue), Susan McDonough, DVM, and staff from Animal Birth Control, LLC, as well as the staff and volunteers of Baltimore Animal Rescue and Care Shelter for tissue donation. Funding for this project was provided by the University of Maryland-Smithsonian Institute Joint SEED Grant. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0936-6768 J9 REPROD DOMEST ANIM JI Reprod. Domest. Anim. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 47 SU 6 SI SI BP 152 EP 155 DI 10.1111/rda.12047 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 061ZH UT WOS:000312888300034 PM 23279487 ER PT J AU Phillips, TC Wildt, DE Comizzoli, P AF Phillips, T. C. Wildt, D. E. Comizzoli, P. TI Increase in Histone Methylation in the Cat Germinal Vesicle Related to Acquisition of Meiotic and Developmental Competence SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; OOCYTES; CHROMATIN; MICE; QUALITY AB Contents This study identified specific changes in histone lysine methylation patterns of the feline germinal vesicle (GV) during pre-antral-to-antral follicle transition, the latter being a key interval for competence acquisition. Oocytes from adult cats were isolated from pre-antral, early (=0.5mm diameter), small (0.61mm) or large (13.5mm) antral follicles and immuno-stained with anti-histones H3 trimethylated at lysine 9 (H3K9me3), lysine 4 (H3K4me3), lysine 27 (H3K27me3) or H3 dimethylated at lysine 79 (H3K79me2). The vast majority of oocytes (range, 72.285.4%; p>0.05) contained a GV with H3K9me3 or H3K27me3, regardless of follicular stage/size. However, the proportion of GVs with H3K4me3 or H3K79me2 was higher in early antral follicles (42.6%; p<0.05) compared with other stages (range, 12.115.2%). Therefore, H3K4me3 and H3K79me2 (both known to be associated with selective gene activation) appear to be reliable markers of onset of GV competence during the pre-antral-to-antral transition phase. By contrast, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 (both known to be related to selective gene repression) seem more linked to expression patterns during the GV stage and are less useful indicators during the entire folliculogenesis interval. C1 [Phillips, T. C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Wildt, D. E.] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA USA. RP Phillips, TC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM phillipst@si.edu FU National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01 RR026064]; Office of Research Infrastructure Programs/Office of the Director [R01 OD 010948] FX We thank Drs. Brent Whitaker and Michael Cranfield (Maryland Line Animal Rescue) and Darby Thornburgh (Petworth Animal Hospital) for providing domestic cat ovaries. This project was funded by the National Center for Research Resources (R01 RR026064), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and is currently supported by the Office of Research Infrastructure Programs/Office of the Director (R01 OD 010948). NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0936-6768 J9 REPROD DOMEST ANIM JI Reprod. Domest. Anim. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 47 SU 6 SI SI BP 210 EP 214 DI 10.1111/rda.12052 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 061ZH UT WOS:000312888300049 PM 23279502 ER PT J AU Vansandt, LM Pukazhenthi, BS Keefer, CL AF Vansandt, L. M. Pukazhenthi, B. S. Keefer, C. L. TI Molecular Markers of Spermatogonial Stem Cells in the Domestic Cat SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS LA English DT Article ID UNDIFFERENTIATED SPERMATOGONIA; SELF-RENEWAL; RHESUS MACAQUES; GERM-CELLS; EXPRESSION; CULTURE; MOUSE; TESTIS; SPERMATOGENESIS; DIFFERENTIATION AB Contents Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) represent an exciting new avenue for assisted reproduction in endangered and genetically valuable species. Before this technology can be applied to wildlife, species-specific markers are required to evaluate SSC enrichment strategies and monitor subsequent in vitro culture. This study was designed to evaluate six conserved SSC markers (THY1, GPR125, GFRalpha1, PLZF, UCHL1 and OCT4) in the cat. Testes from three juveniles and three adults were obtained following routine castrations and processed for mRNA extraction. RT-PCR of whole testis and cell suspensions enriched for SSCs by differential plating confirmed that all six SSC markers are expressed in both the whole testis and SSC-enriched cell fractions. The expression of all six putative SSC marker genes in the cat testis suggests conservation of SSC markers, and perhaps self-renewal mechanisms, in felids. C1 [Vansandt, L. M.] Univ Maryland, Anim Sci Ctr 2101, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pukazhenthi, B. S.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA USA. RP Vansandt, LM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Anim Sci Ctr 2101, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, Bldg 142, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lindseyvansandt@gmail.com FU University of Maryland-Smithsonian Institute FX We would like to thank Susan McDonough, VMD and staff from Animal Birth Control, LLC; as well as the staff and volunteers of Baltimore Animal Rescue and Care Shelter for tissue donation. Funding for this project was provided by the University of Maryland-Smithsonian Institute Joint SEED Grant. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0936-6768 J9 REPROD DOMEST ANIM JI Reprod. Domest. Anim. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 47 SU 6 SI SI BP 256 EP 260 DI 10.1111/rda.12079 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 061ZH UT WOS:000312888300060 PM 23279513 ER PT J AU Comizzoli, P Wildt, DE AF Comizzoli, P. Wildt, D. E. TI On the Horizon for Fertility Preservation in Domestic and Wild Carnivores SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE; CAT; VITRIFICATION; CONSERVATION; SPERMATOZOA; OOCYTES; SPERM; CELLS; MODEL AB Contents Innovations are emerging from the growing field of fertility preservation for humans and laboratory animals that are relevant to protecting and propagating valuable domestic and wild carnivores. These extend beyond the classical approaches associated with sperm, oocyte and embryo freezing to include gonadal tissue preservation combined with in vitro culture or xenografting, all of which have potential for rescuing vast amounts of unused and wasted germplasm. Here, we review approaches under development and predicted to have applied value within the next decade, including the following: (i) direct use of early-stage gametes for in vitro fertilization; (ii) generation of more mature gametes from gonadal tissue or stem cells; (iii) simplification, enhanced safety and efficacy of cryopreservation methods; and (iv) biostabilization of living cells and tissues at ambient temperatures. We believe that all of these fertility preservation strategies will offer knowledge and tools to better manage carnivores that serve as human companions, valuable biomedical models or require assistance to reverse endangerment. C1 [Comizzoli, P.; Wildt, D. E.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Comizzoli, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM comizzolip@si.edu FU National Center for Research Resources of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01 RR026064]; Office of Research Infrastructure Programs/Office of the Director [R01 OD 010948] FX A portion of the described studies was funded by the National Center for Research Resources (R01 RR026064), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and is currently supported by the Office of Research Infrastructure Programs/Office of the Director (R01 OD 010948). NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0936-6768 EI 1439-0531 J9 REPROD DOMEST ANIM JI Reprod. Domest. Anim. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 47 SU 6 SI SI BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1111/rda.12010 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 061ZH UT WOS:000312888300061 PM 23279514 ER PT J AU Tharasanit, T Buarpung, S Manee-In, S Thongkittidilok, C Tiptanavattana, N Comizzoli, P Techakumphu, M AF Tharasanit, T. Buarpung, S. Manee-In, S. Thongkittidilok, C. Tiptanavattana, N. Comizzoli, P. Techakumphu, M. TI Birth of Kittens After the Transfer of Frozen-Thawed Embryos Produced by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection with Spermatozoa Collected from Cryopreserved Testicular Tissue SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS LA English DT Article ID CAT EMBRYOS; IN-VITRO; INTEGRITY; CULTURE AB Contents The aim of this study is to produce live kittens from oocytes fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with frozen/thawed testicular spermatozoa. Spermatozoa were collected from thawed testicular tissue and subsequently injected into in vitro matured cat oocytes. At 24h post-ICSI, presumptive zygotes/cleaved embryos were treated with 10 mu m forskolin for 24h to reduce intracellular lipid content of embryos (delipidation). At 48h after oocyte injection, cleaved embryos (2- to 8-cell stage) were frozen in 10% (v/v) ethylene glycol-based medium by a slow controlled rate method and stored in liquid nitrogen. To evaluate in vitro and in vivo developmental competence, frozen embryos were thawed and then cultured for 6days (n=155) or cultured for 2h before transferred (n=209) to hormonal (equine chorionic gonadotropin/hCG)-treated cat recipients. Cleavage frequency at day 2 after ICSI with frozen/thawed testicular spermatozoa was 30%. The percentages of frozen/thawed embryos that developed to morula and blastocyst stage (on day 3 and day 6 of in vitro culture, respectively) were significantly lower than that of fresh ICSI embryos (22.6 vs 45.2% and 21.3 vs 38.7%, respectively; p<0.05). However, no difference was found in the number of blastomeres between frozen/thawed (242.5 +/- 43.1) and fresh (320.2 +/- 28.1) blastocysts. Three of seven cat recipients were pregnant and one pregnant cat delivered two healthy kittens. This is the first report of the birth of kittens after the transfer of frozenthawed embryos produced by ICSI with frozen/thawed testicular sperm. C1 [Tharasanit, T.; Buarpung, S.; Thongkittidilok, C.; Tiptanavattana, N.; Techakumphu, M.] Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Obstet Gynaecol & Reprod, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Manee-In, S.] Mahidol Univ, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Clin Sci & Publ Hlth, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. [Comizzoli, P.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Dept Reprod Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Tharasanit, T (reprint author), Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Obstet Gynaecol & Reprod, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. EM theerawat.t@chula.ac.th FU Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Programme [PHD/0189/2550]; National Research University Project of CHE; Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment fund [HR1166IB-55] FX This study was supported by the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Programme (Grant No. PHD/0189/2550) and the National Research University Project of CHE, the Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment fund (HR1166IB-55). Ovaries and testes were kindly provided by The Veterinary Public Health Division of The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand. We would like to thank Chanapiwat P. for helping with statistical analysis. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0936-6768 J9 REPROD DOMEST ANIM JI Reprod. Domest. Anim. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 47 SU 6 SI SI BP 305 EP 308 DI 10.1111/rda.12072 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 061ZH UT WOS:000312888300072 PM 23279525 ER PT J AU Wells, K O'Hara, RB Bohm, SM Gockel, S Hemp, A Renner, SC Pfeiffer, S Boehning-Gaese, K Kalko, EKV AF Wells, K. O'Hara, R. B. Boehm, S. M. Gockel, S. Hemp, A. Renner, S. C. Pfeiffer, S. Boehning-Gaese, K. Kalko, E. K. V. TI Trait-dependent occupancy dynamics of birds in temperate forest landscapes: fine-scale observations in a hierarchical multi-species framework SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE bird community; biodiversity conservation; forest management; functional traits; multi-species hierarchical modelling; patch occupancy; silviculture ID REGIONAL SPECIES RICHNESS; COMMUNITY; MODELS; BIODIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; FRAGMENTATION; UNCERTAINTY; ENVIRONMENT; DISTURBANCE AB Silvicultural practices lead to changes in forest composition and structure and may impact species diversity from the overall regional species pool to stand-level species occurrence. We explored to what extent fine-scale occupancy patterns in differently managed forest stands are driven by environment and ecological traits in three regions in Germany using a multi-species hierarchical model. We tested for the possible impact of environmental variables and ecological traits on occupancy dynamics in a joint modelling exercise while taking possible variation in coefficient estimates over years and plots into account. Bird species richness differed across regions and years, and trends in species richness across years were different in the three regions. On the species level, forest management affected occupancy of species in all regions, but only 35% of the total assemblage-level variation in occurrence probability was explained by either forest type and successional stage and 1000 km2) protected area complexes, we assessed the influence of environmental variation and human-induced disturbance on tapir occurrence. Tapirs were detected at 13% of locations sampled, significantly associated with evergreen forest (P < 0.001). A multiple logistic regression model predicted tapir presence 87% of the time. According to this model, tapir occurrence was positively influenced by annual rainfall and proximity to the forest edge. However, tapirs may not avoid edges but instead prefer wetter evergreen forest, a habitat type that tended to occur further from the forest edge at higher elevations in our particular study sites (P < 0.001). By comparison, 4 other wild ungulate species that share habitats with tapirs showed a range of differing responses. Tapirs are expected to be less sensitive to disturbance because they are not targets for hunting and trade, and are almost entirely active at night, so avoid peak traffic periods in parks. Tapir populations in Thailand may be more stable than in other parts of their global range because rates of forest loss have decreased >40% over the past 20 years. We recommend surveys to fill gaps in the understanding of the status in lesser-known protected areas, research to better understand the fine-scale environmental influences on behavior and habitats of tapirs, and other forest ungulates, and continued legal status for tapirs in the highest category of protection. C1 [Lynam, Antony J.] WCS, Global Conservat Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Lynam, Antony J.] IUCN SSC Tapir Specialist Grp, Bangkok, Thailand. [Tantipisanuh, Naruemon; Chutipong, Wanlop; Ngoprasert, Dusit; Gale, George] King Mongkuts Univ Technol Thonburi, Conservat Ecol Program, Bangkok, Thailand. [Baker, Megan C.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA USA. [Cutter, Passanan] Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kitamura, Shumpei] Museum Nat & Human Act, Sanda, Japan. [Sukmasuang, Ronglarp] Kasetsart Univ, Dept Forest Biol, Bangkok, Thailand. [Steinmetz, Robert] WWF Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand. [Thunhikorn, Somying] Dept Natl Pk Wildlife & Plants Conservat, Wildlife Res Div, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Lynam, AJ (reprint author), WCS, Global Conservat Program, So Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. EM tlynam@wcs.org OI Lynam, Antony/0000-0002-8395-7902 FU TRF/BIOTEC Special Program for Biodiversity Research and Training grant, Thailand; Kasetsart University; Clouded Leopard Project; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; TRF/BIOTEC Special Program for Biodiversity Research and Training grant [BRT-R353008, BRT-R346001]; Wildlife Conservation Society, Thailand; WWF Thailand FX We are grateful to the TRF/BIOTEC Special Program for Biodiversity Research and Training grant, Thailand, Kasetsart University, Clouded Leopard Project, and the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute for providing funding for the initial conference that brought together all the authors to discuss collaboration. We thank the Wildlife Conservation Society, Thailand and WWF Thailand for allowing participants to use data collected under their auspices. W. Chutipong and D. Ngoprasert were funded by the TRF/BIOTEC Special Program for Biodiversity Research and Training grant BRT-R353008 and BRT-R346001. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1749-4877 J9 INTEGR ZOOL JI Integr. Zool. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 7 IS 4 BP 389 EP 399 DI 10.1111/1749-4877.12002 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 055YS UT WOS:000312454600007 PM 23253370 ER PT J AU Mathy, CJM Zvonarev, MB Demler, E AF Mathy, Charles J. M. Zvonarev, Mikhail B. Demler, Eugene TI Quantum flutter of supersonic particles in one-dimensional quantum liquids SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IMPENETRABLE BOSONS; REPULSIVE POLARONS; BOSE-GAS; SYSTEMS; RELAXATION; COHERENCE AB Fast obstacles in a medium are responsible for striking physical phenomena, such as aerodynamic flutter, Cerenkov radiation and acoustic shock waves. In a hydrodynamic picture, quantum systems exhibit analogues of these dynamical features. Here we uncover novel quantum dynamics induced by fast particles by considering impurities injected supersonically into a one-dimensional quantum liquid. We find that the injected particle never comes to a full stop, at odds with conventional expectations of relaxation. Furthermore the system excites a new type of collective mode, manifesting itself in several observable quantities, such as long-lived oscillations in the velocity of the injected particle and simultaneous oscillations of the correlation hole formed around the impurity. These features are inherently quantum-mechanical and provide an example of a dynamically formed quantum coherent state propagating through a many-body environment while maintaining its coherence. The signatures of these effects can be probed directly with existing experimental tools. C1 [Mathy, Charles J. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mathy, Charles J. M.; Zvonarev, Mikhail B.; Demler, Eugene] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zvonarev, Mikhail B.] Univ Paris 11, Lab LPTMS, UMR8626, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Zvonarev, Mikhail B.] CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Mathy, CJM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM cmathy@cfa.harvard.edu NR 49 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 8 IS 12 BP 881 EP 886 DI 10.1038/NPHYS2455 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 048CQ UT WOS:000311888200015 ER PT J AU Immer, K Menten, KM Schuller, F Lis, DC AF Immer, K. Menten, K. M. Schuller, F. Lis, D. C. TI A multi-wavelength view of the Galactic center dust ridge reveals little star formation SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: center; stars: formation; H II regions ID MOLECULAR CLOUD; MILKY-WAY; REGION; COLD; NEIGHBORHOOD; HERSCHEL; DISTANCE; CATALOG; PLANE AB The Galactic center dust ridge consists of a narrow string of massive condensations, first identified in submillimeter dust continuum emission. To determine whether new high-mass stars are forming in this region, we performed new observations at 870 mu m with the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescope and at 8.4 GHz with the Very Large Array. We complement our data with recent maser and mid-infrared results. The ridge's clouds are dark at mid-infrared wavelengths, indicating the presence of cold, high column density material. In combination with existing temperature measurements in the dust ridge, we determine masses of the largest clouds. The results show that the dust ridge contains a very massive reservoir of molecular material. We find five radio continuum sources at 8.4 GHz in the general dust ridge vicinity, but outside of the dust ridge clouds. They are likely all excited by massive young stars, whose properties we constrain. Our observations exclude the existence of zero age main sequence stars with spectral types earlier than B0.5 within the dust ridge clouds. The only indication of ongoing high-mass star formation inside the clouds are class II methanol masers that are found in two of the clouds. Except for a weak water maser, found in previous observations, no signs of star formation are detected in the most massive cloud, M0.25+0.012. C1 [Immer, K.; Menten, K. M.; Schuller, F.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Immer, K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schuller, F.] ESO, Santiago 19, Chile. [Lis, D. C.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Immer, K (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM kimmer@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 548 AR A120 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201219182 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 048HF UT WOS:000311901200120 ER PT J AU Lestrade, JF Matthews, BC Sibthorpe, B Kennedy, GM Wyatt, MC Bryden, G Greaves, JS Thilliez, E Moro-Martin, A Booth, M Dent, WRF Duchene, G Harvey, PM Horner, J Kalas, P Kavelaars, JJ Phillips, NM Rodriguez, DR Su, KYL Wilner, DJ AF Lestrade, J. -F. Matthews, B. C. Sibthorpe, B. Kennedy, G. M. Wyatt, M. C. Bryden, G. Greaves, J. S. Thilliez, E. Moro-Martin, A. Booth, M. Dent, W. R. F. Duchene, G. Harvey, P. M. Horner, J. Kalas, P. Kavelaars, J. J. Phillips, N. M. Rodriguez, D. R. Su, K. Y. L. Wilner, D. J. TI A DEBRIS disk around the planet hosting M-star GJ 581 spatially resolved with Herschel SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; planetary systems; planets and satellites: formation ID SOLAR-TYPE STARS; LOW-MASS STARS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SUN-LIKE STARS; M-CIRCLE-PLUS; AU-MICROSCOPII; M-DWARFS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; HABITABLE ZONE; COLLISIONAL EVOLUTION AB Debris disks have been found primarily around intermediate and solar mass stars (spectral types A-K) but rarely around low mass M-type stars. We have spatially resolved a debris disk around the remarkable M3-type star GJ 581 hosting multiple planets using deep PACS images at 70, 100 and 160 mu m as part of the DEBRIS Program on the Herschel Space Observatory. This is the second spatially resolved debris disk found around an M-type star, after the one surrounding the young star AU Mic (12 Myr). However, GJ 581 is much older (2-8 Gyr), and is X-ray quiet in the ROSAT data. We fit an axisymmetric model of the disk to the three PACS images and found that the best fit model is for a disk extending radially from 25 +/- 12 AU to more than 60 AU. Such a cold disk is reminiscent of the Kuiper belt but it surrounds a low mass star (0.3 M-circle dot) and its fractional dust luminosity L-dust/L-* of similar to 10(-4) is much higher. The inclination limits of the disk found in our analysis make the masses of the planets small enough to ensure the long-term stability of the system according to some dynamical simulations. The disk is collisionally dominated down to submicron-sized grains and the dust cannot be expelled from the system by r;adiation or wind pressures because of the low luminosity and low X-ray luminosity of GJ 581. We suggest that the correlation between low-mass planets and debris disks recently found for G-type stars also applies to M-type stars. Finally, the known planets, of low masses and orbiting within 0.3 AU from the star, cannot dynamically perturb the disk over the age of the star, suggesting that an additional planet exists at larger distance that is stirring the disk to replenish the dust. C1 [Lestrade, J. -F.; Thilliez, E.] CNRS, Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Matthews, B. C.; Kavelaars, J. J.] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys HIA, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Sibthorpe, B.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr UKATC, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Kennedy, G. M.; Wyatt, M. C.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron IoA, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Bryden, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Greaves, J. S.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Moro-Martin, A.] Ctr Astrobiol, Dept Astrophys, Madrid 28850, Spain. [Matthews, B. C.; Booth, M.; Kavelaars, J. J.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Dent, W. R. F.; Phillips, N. M.] ALMA JAO, Santiago, Chile. [Duchene, G.; Kalas, P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Duchene, G.] UJF Grenoble 1 CNRS INSU, IPAG, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Kalas, P.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Harvey, P. M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Horner, J.] Univ New S Wales, Dept Astrophys & Opt, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Rodriguez, D. R.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Su, K. Y. L.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wilner, D. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lestrade, JF (reprint author), CNRS, Observ Paris, 61 Av Observ, F-75014 Paris, France. EM jean-francois.lestrade@obspm.fr OI Booth, Mark/0000-0001-8568-6336; Horner, Jonti/0000-0002-1160-7970; Su, Kate/0000-0002-3532-5580; Kennedy, Grant/0000-0001-6831-7547 FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); Australian government through ARC Grant [DP0774000]; Space Science Enhancement Program grant from the Canadian Space Agency FX The Herschel spacecraft was designed, built, tested, and launched under a contract to ESA managed by the Herschel/Planck Project team by an industrial consortium under the overall responsibility of the prime contractor Thales Alenia Space (Cannes), and including Astrium (Friedrichshafen) responsible for the payload module and for system testing at spacecraft level, Thales Alenia Space (Turin) responsible for the service module, and Astrium (Toulouse) responsible for the telescope, with in excess of a hundred subcontractors. We thank Ben Zuckerman for comments on a draft of this article. J.F.L. gratefully acknowledges the financial support of Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). J.H. gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the Australian government through ARC Grant DP0774000. M.B. is funded through a Space Science Enhancement Program grant from the Canadian Space Agency. NR 109 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 548 AR A86 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201220325 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 048HF UT WOS:000311901200086 ER PT J AU Paris, I Petitjean, P Aubourg, E Bailey, S Ross, NP Myers, AD Strauss, MA Anderson, SF Arnau, E Bautista, J Bizyaev, D Bolton, AS Bovy, J Brandt, WN Brewington, H Browstein, JR Busca, N Capellupo, D Carithers, W Croft, RAC Dawson, K Delubac, T Ebelke, G Eisenstein, DJ Engelke, P Fan, X Ak, NF Finley, H Font-Ribera, A Ge, J Gibson, RR Hall, PB Hamann, F Hennawi, JF Ho, S Hogg, DW Ivezic, Z Jiang, L Kimball, AE Kirkby, D Kirkpatrick, JA Lee, KG Le Goff, JM Lundgren, B MacLeod, CL Malanushenko, E Malanushenko, V Maraston, C McGreer, ID McMahon, RG Miralda-Escude, J Muna, D Noterdaeme, P Oravetz, D Palanque-Delabrouille, N Pan, K Perez-Fournon, I Pieri, MM Richards, GT Rollinde, E Sheldon, ES Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Slosar, A Shelden, A Shen, Y Simmons, A Snedden, S Suzuki, N Tinker, J Viel, M Weaver, BA Weinberg, DH White, M Wood-Vasey, WM Yeche, C AF Paris, I. Petitjean, P. Aubourg, E. Bailey, S. Ross, N. P. Myers, A. D. Strauss, M. A. Anderson, S. F. Arnau, E. Bautista, J. Bizyaev, D. Bolton, A. S. Bovy, J. Brandt, W. N. Brewington, H. Browstein, J. R. Busca, N. Capellupo, D. Carithers, W. Croft, R. A. C. Dawson, K. Delubac, T. Ebelke, G. Eisenstein, D. J. Engelke, P. Fan, X. Ak, N. Filiz Finley, H. Font-Ribera, A. Ge, J. Gibson, R. R. Hall, P. B. Hamann, F. Hennawi, J. F. Ho, S. Hogg, D. W. Ivezic, Z. Jiang, L. Kimball, A. E. Kirkby, D. Kirkpatrick, J. A. Lee, K. -G. Le Goff, J. -M. Lundgren, B. MacLeod, C. L. Malanushenko, E. Malanushenko, V. Maraston, C. McGreer, I. D. McMahon, R. G. Miralda-Escude, J. Muna, D. Noterdaeme, P. Oravetz, D. Palanque-Delabrouille, N. Pan, K. Perez-Fournon, I. Pieri, M. M. Richards, G. T. Rollinde, E. Sheldon, E. S. Schlegel, D. J. Schneider, D. P. Slosar, A. Shelden, A. Shen, Y. Simmons, A. Snedden, S. Suzuki, N. Tinker, J. Viel, M. Weaver, B. A. Weinberg, D. H. White, M. Wood-Vasey, W. M. Yeche, C. TI The Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasar catalog: ninth data release SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE catalogs; surveys; quasars: general ID BROAD ABSORPTION-LINE; OSCILLATION SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; QSO REDSHIFT SURVEY; EFFICIENT PHOTOMETRIC SELECTION; 7TH DATA RELEASE; 3RD DATA RELEASE; STELLAR OBJECTS; TARGET SELECTION; SDSS-III; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AB We present the Data Release 9 Quasar (DR9Q) catalog from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III. The catalog includes all BOSS objects that were targeted as quasar candidates during the survey, are spectrocopically confirmed as quasars via visual inspection, have luminosities M-i[z = 2] < -20.5 (in a Lambda CDM cosmology with H-0 = 70 km s(-1) Mpc(-1), Omega(M) = 0.3, and Omega(Lambda) = 0.7) and either display at least one emission line with full width at half maximum (FWHM) larger than 500 km s(-1) or, if not, have interesting/complex absorption features. It includes as well, known quasars (mostly from SDSS-I and II) that were reobserved by BOSS. This catalog contains 87 822 quasars (78 086 are new discoveries) detected over 3275 deg(2) with robust identification and redshift measured by a combination of principal component eigenspectra newly derived from a training set of 8632 spectra from SDSS-DR7. The number of quasars with z > 2.15 (61 931) is similar to 2.8 times larger than the number of z > 2.15 quasars previously known. Redshifts and FWHMs are provided for the strongest emission lines (C IV, C III], Mg II). The catalog identifies 7533 broad absorption line quasars and gives their characteristics. For each object the catalog presents five-band (u, g, r, i, z) CCD-based photometry with typical accuracy of 0.03 mag, and information on the morphology and selection method. The catalog also contains X-ray, ultraviolet, near-infrared, and radio emission properties of the quasars, when available, from other large-area surveys. The calibrated digital spectra cover the wavelength region 3600-10 500 angstrom at a spectral resolution in the range 1300 < R < 2500; the spectra can be retrieved from the SDSS Catalog Archive Server. We also provide a supplemental list of an additional 949 quasars that have been identified, among galaxy targets of the BOSS or among quasar targets after DR9 was frozen. C1 [Paris, I.; Petitjean, P.; Finley, H.; Noterdaeme, P.; Rollinde, E.] UPMC CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Paris, I.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Aubourg, E.; Bautista, J.; Busca, N.] Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Bailey, S.; Ross, N. P.; Carithers, W.; Font-Ribera, A.; Kirkpatrick, J. A.; Schlegel, D. J.; Suzuki, N.; White, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Myers, A. D.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Myers, A. D.; Hennawi, J. F.; Lee, K. -G.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Strauss, M. A.] Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Anderson, S. F.; Gibson, R. R.; Ivezic, Z.; Kimball, A. E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Arnau, E.; MacLeod, C. L.; Miralda-Escude, J.] Inst Ciencies Cosmos IEEC UB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. [Bizyaev, D.; Brewington, H.; Ebelke, G.; Malanushenko, E.; Malanushenko, V.; Oravetz, D.; Pan, K.; Shelden, A.; Simmons, A.; Snedden, S.] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Bolton, A. S.; Browstein, J. R.; Dawson, K.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Bovy, J.] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Brandt, W. N.; Ak, N. Filiz; Schneider, D. P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Brandt, W. N.; Ak, N. Filiz; Schneider, D. P.] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Capellupo, D.; Ge, J.; Hamann, F.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Capellupo, D.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Croft, R. A. C.; Ho, S.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Delubac, T.; Le Goff, J. -M.; Palanque-Delabrouille, N.; Yeche, C.] CEA, Ctr Saclay, Irfu SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Eisenstein, D. J.; Shen, Y.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Engelke, P.; Lundgren, B.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Fan, X.; Jiang, L.; McGreer, I. D.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ak, N. Filiz] Erciyes Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Astron & Space Sci, TR-38039 Kayseri, Turkey. [Font-Ribera, A.] Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hall, P. B.] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Hogg, D. W.; Muna, D.; Tinker, J.; Weaver, B. A.] New York Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Kimball, A. E.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Kirkby, D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Lee, K. -G.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Maraston, C.; Pieri, M. M.] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth P01 3FX, Hants, England. [McMahon, R. G.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Miralda-Escude, J.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Catalonia, Spain. [Perez-Fournon, I.] IAC, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Tenerife, Spain. [Perez-Fournon, I.] ULL, Dept Astrofis, San Cristobal la Laguna 38205, Tenerife, Spain. [Richards, G. T.] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Sheldon, E. S.; Slosar, A.] 5 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11375 USA. [Suzuki, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Viel, M.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Viel, M.] INFN Natl Inst Nucl Phys, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Weinberg, D. H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Weinberg, D. H.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & AstroParticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Wood-Vasey, W. M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, PITT PACC, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Paris, I (reprint author), UPMC CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. EM paris@iap.fr RI Le Goff, Jean-Marc/E-7629-2013; Ho, Shirley/P-3682-2014; Filiz Ak, Nurten/C-9686-2015; White, Martin/I-3880-2015; Brandt, William/N-2844-2015; Jiang, Linhua/H-5485-2016; Croft, Rupert/N-8707-2014; OI Finley, Hayley/0000-0002-1216-8914; Ho, Shirley/0000-0002-1068-160X; Bovy, Jo/0000-0001-6855-442X; Filiz Ak, Nurten/0000-0003-3016-5490; White, Martin/0000-0001-9912-5070; Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453; Jiang, Linhua/0000-0003-4176-6486; Croft, Rupert/0000-0003-0697-2583; Miralda-Escude, Jordi/0000-0002-2316-8370; Viel, Matteo/0000-0002-2642-5707; McMahon, Richard/0000-0001-8447-8869; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403 FU Center of Excellence in Astrophysics and Associated Technologies [PFB 06]; Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-08-BLAN-0222]; NSF [AST-1108604]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy Office of Science; University of Arizona; Brazilian Participation Group; Brookhaven National Laboratory; University of Cambridge; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Florida; French Participation Group; German Participation Group; Harvard University; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics; New Mexico State University; New York University; Ohio State University; Pennsylvania State University; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University; Spanish Participation Group; University of Tokyo; University of Utah; Vanderbilt University; University of Virginia; University of Washington; Yale University FX I.P. received partial support from Center of Excellence in Astrophysics and Associated Technologies (PFB 06). The French Participation Group to SDSS-III was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche under contract ANR-08-BLAN-0222. W.N.B. and N.F.-A. gratefully acknowledge support from NSF AST-1108604. A. D. M. is a research fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany. Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the US Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS-III web site is http://www.sdss3.org/. SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group, Harvard University, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, New Mexico State University, New York University, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University of Washington, and Yale University. NR 97 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 9 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 548 AR A66 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201220142 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 048HF UT WOS:000311901200066 ER PT J AU Smolcic, V Aravena, M Navarrete, F Schinnerer, E Riechers, DA Bertoldi, F Feruglio, C Finoguenov, A Salvato, M Sargent, M McCracken, HJ Albrecht, M Karim, A Capak, P Carilli, CL Cappelluti, N Elvis, M Ilbert, O Kartaltepe, J Lilly, S Sanders, D Sheth, K Scoville, NZ Taniguchi, Y AF Smolcic, V. Aravena, M. Navarrete, F. Schinnerer, E. Riechers, D. A. Bertoldi, F. Feruglio, C. Finoguenov, A. Salvato, M. Sargent, M. McCracken, H. J. Albrecht, M. Karim, A. Capak, P. Carilli, C. L. Cappelluti, N. Elvis, M. Ilbert, O. Kartaltepe, J. Lilly, S. Sanders, D. Sheth, K. Scoville, N. Z. Taniguchi, Y. TI Millimeter imaging of submillimeter galaxies in the COSMOS field: redshift distribution SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE surveys; galaxies: starburst; galaxies: fundamental parameters; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: statistics; submillimeter: galaxies ID EVOLUTION SURVEY COSMOS; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; MOLECULAR GAS; SOURCE CATALOG; SPACE-TELESCOPE; LABOCA SURVEY; MIDINFRARED COUNTERPARTS; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; STARBURST GALAXIES; SPECTRAL INDEX AB We present new IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer (PdBI) 1.3 mm continuum observations at similar to 1.5 '' resolution of 28 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), previously discovered with the 870 mu m bolometer LABOCA at the APEX telescope from the central 0.7 deg(2) of the COSMOS field. Nineteen out of the 28 LABOCA sources were detected with PdBI at a greater than or similar to 3 sigma level of approximate to 1.4 mJy/beam. A combined analysis of this new sample with existing interferometrically identified SMGs in the COSMOS field yields the following results: i) greater than or similar to 15%, and possibly up to similar to 40% of single-dish detected SMGs consist of multiple sources; ii) statistical analysis of multi-wavelength counterparts to single-dish SMGs shows that only similar to 50% have real radio or IR counterparts; iii) similar to 18% of interferometric SMGs have either no multi-wavelength counterpart or only a radio-counterpart; and iv) similar to 50-70% of z greater than or similar to 3 SMGs have no radio counterparts (down to an rms of 7-12 mu Jy at 1.4 GHz). Using the exact interferometric positions to identify the multi-wavelength counterparts allows us to determine accurate photometric redshifts for these sources. The redshift distributions of the combined and the individual 1.1 mm and 870 mu m selected samples shows a higher mean and a broader width than those derived in previous studies. This study finds that on average brighter and/or mm-selected SMGs are located at higher redshifts, consistent with previous studies. The mean redshift for the 1.1 mm selected sample ((z) over bar = 3.1 +/- 0.4) is tentatively higher than that for the 870 mu m selected sample ((z) over bar = 2.6 +/- 0.4). Based on our nearly complete sample of AzTEC 1.1 mm SMGs in a 0.15 deg(2) area, we infer a higher surface density of z greater than or similar to 4 SMGs than predicted by current cosmological models. In summary, our findings imply that interferometric identifications at (sub-) millimeter wavelengths are crucial to build statistically complete and unbiased samples of SMGs. C1 [Smolcic, V.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Smolcic, V.; Navarrete, F.; Bertoldi, F.; Albrecht, M.] Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Smolcic, V.] Univ Zagreb, Dept Phys, Zagreb 10002, Croatia. [Aravena, M.] European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. [Navarrete, F.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Schinnerer, E.; Karim, A.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Riechers, D. A.; Capak, P.; Scoville, N. Z.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Feruglio, C.] Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. [Finoguenov, A.; Salvato, M.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Sargent, M.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Lab AIM Paris Saclay, CE Saclay,CEA,DSM,Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [McCracken, H. J.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Carilli, C. L.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Cappelluti, N.] Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Elvis, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ilbert, O.] Univ Provence, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. [Kartaltepe, J.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Lilly, S.] ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Sanders, D.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sheth, K.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Taniguchi, Y.] Ehime Univ, Res Ctr Space & Cosm Evolut, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. EM vs@astro.uni-bonn.de RI Aravena, Manuel/O-2361-2014; OI Cappelluti, Nico/0000-0002-1697-186X; Schinnerer, Eva/0000-0002-3933-7677 FU European Community [229517]; DFG-SFB [956]; DFG [1573] FX We thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments on the manuscript. Based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under ESO programme ID 179.A-2005 and on data products produced by TERAPIX and the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit on behalf of the UltraVISTA consortium. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (/FP7/2007-2013/) under grant agreement No. 229517 and through the DFG-SFB 956 and the DFG Priority Program 1573. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. NR 95 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 548 AR A4 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201219368 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 048HF UT WOS:000311901200004 ER PT J AU Ahn, CP Alexandroff, R Prieto, CA Anderson, SF Anderton, T Andrews, BH Aubourg, E Bailey, S Balbinot, E Barnes, R Bautista, J Beers, TC Beifiori, A Berlind, AA Bhardwaj, V Bizyaev, D Blake, CH Blanton, MR Blomqvist, M Bochanski, JJ Bolton, AS Borde, A Bovy, J Brandt, WN Brinkmann, J Brown, PJ Brownstein, JR Bundy, K Busca, NG Carithers, W Carnero, AR Carr, MA Casetti-Dinescu, DI Chen, YM Chiappini, C Comparat, J Connolly, N Crepp, JR Cristiani, S Croft, RAC Cuesta, AJ da Costa, LN Davenport, JRA Dawson, KS de Putter, R De Lee, N Delubac, T Dhital, S Ealet, A Ebelke, GL Edmondson, EM Eisenstein, DJ Escoffier, S Esposito, M Evans, ML Fan, XH Castella, BF Alvar, EF Ferreira, LD Ak, NF Finley, H Fleming, SW Font-Ribera, A Frinchaboy, PM Garcia-Hernandez, DA Perez, AEG Ge, J Genova-Santos, R Gillespie, BA Girardi, L Hernandez, JIG Grebel, EK Gunn, JE Guo, H Haggard, D Hamilton, JC Harris, DW Hawley, SL Hearty, FR Ho, S Hogg, DW Holtzman, JA Honscheid, K Huehnerhoff, J Ivans, II Ivezic, Z Jacobson, HR Jiang, LH Johansson, J Johnson, JA Kauffmann, G Kirkby, D Kirkpatrick, JA Klaene, MA Knapp, GR Kneib, JP Le Goff, JM Leauthaud, A Lee, KG Lee, YS Long, DC Loomis, CP Lucatello, S Lundgren, B Lupton, RH Ma, B Ma, ZB MacDonald, N Mack, CE Mahadevan, S Maia, MAG Majewski, SR Makler, M Malanushenko, E Malanushenko, V Manchado, A Mandelbaum, R Manera, M Maraston, C Margala, D Martell, SL McBride, CK McGreer, ID McMahon, RG Menard, B Meszaros, S Miralda-Escude, J Montero-Dorta, AD Montesano, F Morrison, HL Muna, D Munn, JA Murayama, H Myers, AD Neto, AF Nguyen, DC Nichol, RC Nidever, DL Noterdaeme, P Nuza, SE Ogando, RLC Olmstead, MD Oravetz, DJ Owen, R Padmanabhan, N Palanque-Delabrouille, N Pan, KK Parejko, JK Parihar, P Paris, I Pattarakijwanich, P Pepper, J Percival, WJ Perez-Fournon, I Perez-Rafols, I Petitjean, P Pforr, J Pieri, MM Pinsonneault, MH de Mello, GFP Prada, F Price-Whelan, AM Raddick, MJ Rebolo, R Rich, J Richards, GT Robin, AC Rocha-Pinto, HJ Rockosi, CM Roe, NA Ross, AJ Ross, NP Rossi, G Rubino-Martin, JA Samushia, L Almeida, JS Sanchez, AG Santiago, B Sayres, C Schlegel, DJ Schlesinger, KJ Schmidt, SJ Schneider, DP Schultheis, M Schwope, AD Scoccola, CG Seljak, U Sheldon, E Shen, Y Shu, YP Simmerer, J Simmons, AE Skibba, RA Skrutskie, MF Slosar, A Sobreira, F Sobeck, JS Stassun, KG Steele, O Steinmetz, M Strauss, MA Streblyanska, A Suzuki, N Swanson, MEC Tal, T Thakar, AR Thomas, D Thompson, BA Tinker, JL Tojeiro, R Tremonti, CA Magana, MV Verde, L Viel, M Vikas, SK Vogt, NP Wake, DA Wang, J Weaver, BA Weinberg, DH Weiner, BJ West, AA White, M Wilson, JC Wisniewski, JP Wood-Vasey, WM Yanny, B Yeche, C York, DG Zamora, O Zasowski, G Zehavi, I Zhao, GB Zheng, Z Zhu, GT Zinn, JC AF Ahn, Christopher P. Alexandroff, Rachael Prieto, Carlos Allende Anderson, Scott F. Anderton, Timothy Andrews, Brett H. Aubourg, Eric Bailey, Stephen Balbinot, Eduardo Barnes, Rory Bautista, Julian Beers, Timothy C. Beifiori, Alessandra Berlind, Andreas A. Bhardwaj, Vaishali Bizyaev, Dmitry Blake, Cullen H. Blanton, Michael R. Blomqvist, Michael Bochanski, John J. Bolton, Adam S. Borde, Arnaud Bovy, Jo Brandt, W. N. Brinkmann, J. Brown, Peter J. Brownstein, Joel R. Bundy, Kevin Busca, N. G. Carithers, William Carnero, Aurelio R. Carr, Michael A. Casetti-Dinescu, Dana I. Chen, Yanmei Chiappini, Cristina Comparat, Johan Connolly, Natalia Crepp, Justin R. Cristiani, Stefano Croft, Rupert A. C. Cuesta, Antonio J. da Costa, Luiz N. Davenport, James R. A. Dawson, Kyle S. de Putter, Roland De Lee, Nathan Delubac, Timothee Dhital, Saurav Ealet, Anne Ebelke, Garrett L. Edmondson, Edward M. Eisenstein, Daniel J. Escoffier, S. Esposito, Massimiliano Evans, Michael L. Fan, Xiaohui Castella, Bruno Femenia Alvar, Emma Fernandez Ferreira, Leticia D. Ak, N. Filiz Finley, Hayley Fleming, Scott W. Font-Ribera, Andreu Frinchaboy, Peter M. Garcia-Hernandez, D. A. Garcia Perez, A. E. Ge, Jian Genova-Santos, R. Gillespie, Bruce A. Girardi, Leo Gonzalez Hernandez, Jonay I. Grebel, Eva K. Gunn, James E. Guo, Hong Haggard, Daryl Hamilton, Jean-Christophe Harris, David W. Hawley, Suzanne L. Hearty, Frederick R. Ho, Shirley Hogg, David W. Holtzman, Jon A. Honscheid, Klaus Huehnerhoff, J. Ivans, Inese I. Ivezic, Zeljko Jacobson, Heather R. Jiang, Linhua Johansson, Jonas Johnson, Jennifer A. Kauffmann, Guinevere Kirkby, David Kirkpatrick, Jessica A. Klaene, Mark A. Knapp, Gillian R. Kneib, Jean-Paul Le Goff, Jean-Marc Leauthaud, Alexie Lee, Khee-Gan Lee, Young Sun Long, Daniel C. Loomis, Craig P. Lucatello, Sara Lundgren, Britt Lupton, Robert H. Ma, Bo Ma, Zhibo MacDonald, Nicholas Mack, Claude E., III Mahadevan, Suvrath Maia, Marcio A. G. Majewski, Steven R. Makler, Martin Malanushenko, Elena Malanushenko, Viktor Manchado, A. Mandelbaum, Rachel Manera, Marc Maraston, Claudia Margala, Daniel Martell, Sarah L. McBride, Cameron K. McGreer, Ian D. McMahon, Richard G. Menard, Brice Meszaros, Sz. Miralda-Escude, Jordi Montero-Dorta, Antonio D. Montesano, Francesco Morrison, Heather L. Muna, Demitri Munn, Jeffrey A. Murayama, Hitoshi Myers, Adam D. Neto, A. F. Duy Cuong Nguyen Nichol, Robert C. Nidever, David L. Noterdaeme, Pasquier Nuza, Sebastian E. Ogando, Ricardo L. C. Olmstead, Matthew D. Oravetz, Daniel J. Owen, Russell Padmanabhan, Nikhil Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie Pan, Kaike Parejko, John K. Parihar, Prachi Paris, Isabelle Pattarakijwanich, Petchara Pepper, Joshua Percival, Will J. Perez-Fournon, Ismael Perez-Rafols, Ignasi Petitjean, Patrick Pforr, Janine Pieri, Matthew M. Pinsonneault, Marc H. Porto de Mello, G. F. Prada, Francisco Price-Whelan, Adrian M. Raddick, M. Jordan Rebolo, Rafael Rich, James Richards, Gordon T. Robin, Annie C. Rocha-Pinto, Helio J. Rockosi, Constance M. Roe, Natalie A. Ross, Ashley J. Ross, Nicholas P. Rossi, Graziano Rubino-Martin, J. A. Samushia, Lado Almeida, J. Sanchez Sanchez, Ariel G. Santiago, Basilio Sayres, Conor Schlegel, David J. Schlesinger, Katharine J. Schmidt, Sarah J. Schneider, Donald P. Schultheis, Mathias Schwope, Axel D. Scoccola, C. G. Seljak, Uros Sheldon, Erin Shen, Yue Shu, Yiping Simmerer, Jennifer Simmons, Audrey E. Skibba, Ramin A. Skrutskie, M. F. Slosar, A. Sobreira, Flavia Sobeck, Jennifer S. Stassun, Keivan G. Steele, Oliver Steinmetz, Matthias Strauss, Michael A. Streblyanska, Alina Suzuki, Nao Swanson, Molly E. C. Tal, Tomer Thakar, Aniruddha R. Thomas, Daniel Thompson, Benjamin A. Tinker, Jeremy L. Tojeiro, Rita Tremonti, Christy A. Magana, M. Vargas Verde, Licia Viel, Matteo Vikas, Shailendra K. Vogt, Nicole P. Wake, David A. Wang, Ji Weaver, Benjamin A. Weinberg, David H. Weiner, Benjamin J. West, Andrew A. White, Martin Wilson, John C. Wisniewski, John P. Wood-Vasey, W. M. Yanny, Brian Yeche, Christophe York, Donald G. Zamora, O. Zasowski, Gail Zehavi, Idit Zhao, Gong-Bo Zheng, Zheng Zhu, Guangtun Zinn, Joel C. TI THE NINTH DATA RELEASE OF THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY: FIRST SPECTROSCOPIC DATA FROM THE SDSS-III BARYON OSCILLATION SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atlases; catalogs; surveys ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; LUMINOUS RED GALAXIES; 7TH DATA RELEASE; TARGET SELECTION; POPULATION SYNTHESIS; OPEN CLUSTERS; MILKY-WAY; SAMPLE; SEGUE; RESOLUTION AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III) presents the first spectroscopic data from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). This ninth data release (DR9) of the SDSS project includes 535,995 new galaxy spectra (median z similar to 0.52), 102,100 new quasar spectra (median z similar to 2.32), and 90,897 new stellar spectra, along with the data presented in previous data releases. These spectra were obtained with the new BOSS spectrograph and were taken between 2009 December and 2011 July. In addition, the stellar parameters pipeline, which determines radial velocities, surface temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities of stars, has been updated and refined with improvements in temperature estimates for stars with T-eff < 5000 K and in metallicity estimates for stars with [Fe/H] > -0.5. DR9 includes new stellar parameters for all stars presented in DR8, including stars from SDSS-I and II, as well as those observed as part of the SEGUE-2. The astrometry error introduced in the DR8 imaging catalogs has been corrected in the DR9 data products. The next data release for SDSS-III will be in Summer 2013, which will present the first data from the APOGEE along with another year of data from BOSS, followed by the final SDSS-III data release in 2014 December. C1 [Alexandroff, Rachael; Blake, Cullen H.; Carr, Michael A.; Gunn, James E.; Knapp, Gillian R.; Loomis, Craig P.; Lupton, Robert H.; Mandelbaum, Rachel; Parihar, Prachi; Pattarakijwanich, Petchara; Strauss, Michael A.; Zinn, Joel C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ahn, Christopher P.; Anderton, Timothy; Bolton, Adam S.; Brown, Peter J.; Brownstein, Joel R.; Dawson, Kyle S.; Harris, David W.; Ivans, Inese I.; Montero-Dorta, Antonio D.; Olmstead, Matthew D.; Shu, Yiping; Simmerer, Jennifer; Zheng, Zheng] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Prieto, Carlos Allende; Esposito, Massimiliano; Castella, Bruno Femenia; Alvar, Emma Fernandez; Garcia-Hernandez, D. A.; Genova-Santos, R.; Gonzalez Hernandez, Jonay I.; Manchado, A.; Meszaros, Sz.; Perez-Fournon, Ismael; Rebolo, Rafael; Rubino-Martin, J. A.; Almeida, J. Sanchez; Scoccola, C. G.; Streblyanska, Alina; Zamora, O.] IAC, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain. [Prieto, Carlos Allende; Esposito, Massimiliano; Castella, Bruno Femenia; Alvar, Emma Fernandez; Garcia-Hernandez, D. A.; Genova-Santos, R.; Manchado, A.; Meszaros, Sz.; Perez-Fournon, Ismael; Rubino-Martin, J. A.; Almeida, J. Sanchez; Scoccola, C. G.; Zamora, O.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. [Anderson, Scott F.; Barnes, Rory; Bhardwaj, Vaishali; Bochanski, John J.; Davenport, James R. A.; Evans, Michael L.; Hawley, Suzanne L.; Ivezic, Zeljko; MacDonald, Nicholas; Owen, Russell; Sayres, Conor; Schmidt, Sarah J.; Wisniewski, John P.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Andrews, Brett H.; Johnson, Jennifer A.; Pinsonneault, Marc H.; Schlesinger, Katharine J.; Weinberg, David H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Aubourg, Eric; Bautista, Julian; Busca, N. G.; Hamilton, Jean-Christophe; Magana, M. Vargas] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS IN2P3, CEA IRFU, APC,Observ Paris, F-75205 Paris, France. [Bailey, Stephen; Carithers, William; Font-Ribera, Andreu; Kirkpatrick, Jessica A.; Roe, Natalie A.; Ross, Nicholas P.; Schlegel, David J.; Seljak, Uros; Suzuki, Nao; White, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balbinot, Eduardo; Santiago, Basilio] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Balbinot, Eduardo; Carnero, Aurelio R.; Chiappini, Cristina; da Costa, Luiz N.; Ferreira, Leticia D.; Girardi, Leo; Maia, Marcio A. G.; Makler, Martin; Neto, A. F.; Ogando, Ricardo L. C.; Porto de Mello, G. F.; Rocha-Pinto, Helio J.; Santiago, Basilio; Sobreira, Flavia] LIneA, Lab Interinst E Astron, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Beers, Timothy C.; Pforr, Janine] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Beers, Timothy C.; Lee, Young Sun] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Beers, Timothy C.; Lee, Young Sun] Michigan State Univ, JINA, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. 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[Edmondson, Edward M.; Johansson, Jonas; Manera, Marc; Maraston, Claudia; Nichol, Robert C.; Percival, Will J.; Pforr, Janine; Pieri, Matthew M.; Ross, Ashley J.; Samushia, Lado; Steele, Oliver; Thomas, Daniel; Tojeiro, Rita; Zhao, Gong-Bo] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England. [Eisenstein, Daniel J.; McBride, Cameron K.; Shen, Yue; Swanson, Molly E. C.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fan, Xiaohui; Jiang, Linhua; McGreer, Ian D.; Skibba, Ramin A.; Weiner, Benjamin J.] Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ferreira, Leticia D.; Porto de Mello, G. F.; Rocha-Pinto, Helio J.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Observ Valongo, BR-20080090 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Ak, N. Filiz] Erciyes Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Fac Sci, TR-38039 Kayseri, Turkey. [Finley, Hayley; Noterdaeme, Pasquier; Paris, Isabelle; Petitjean, Patrick] UPMC CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR7095, F-75014 Paris, France. 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[Guo, Hong; Ma, Zhibo; Morrison, Heather L.; Zehavi, Idit] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Haggard, Daryl] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Explorat & Res Astrophys, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Honscheid, Klaus] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Honscheid, Klaus] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ivezic, Zeljko] Univ Zagreb, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Ivezic, Zeljko] Hvar Observ, Fac Geodesy, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Jacobson, Heather R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Johansson, Jonas; Kauffmann, Guinevere] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Kirkpatrick, Jessica A.; Seljak, Uros] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, Khee-Gan] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Makler, Martin] ICRA Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Martell, Sarah L.] Australian Astron Observ, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [McMahon, Richard G.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [McMahon, Richard G.] Univ Cambridge, Kavli Inst Cosmol, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Menard, Brice; Raddick, M. Jordan; Thakar, Aniruddha R.; Zhu, Guangtun] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Miralda-Escude, Jordi; Verde, Licia] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain. [Montero-Dorta, Antonio D.; Prada, Francisco] Inst Astrofis Andalucia CSIC, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Munn, Jeffrey A.] US Naval Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Myers, Adam D.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Duy Cuong Nguyen] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Paris, Isabelle] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Prada, Francisco] Campus Int Excellence UAM CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Prada, Francisco] Univ Autonoma Madrid, UAM CSIC, Inst Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Price-Whelan, Adrian M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Rebolo, Rafael] CSIC, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Richards, Gordon T.] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Robin, Annie C.; Schultheis, Mathias] Univ Franche Comte, Inst Utinam, OSU Theta, UMR CNRS 6213, F-25010 Besancon, France. [Rockosi, Constance M.; Schlesinger, Katharine J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Rossi, Graziano] Korea Inst Adv Study, Sch Phys, Seoul 130722, South Korea. [Samushia, Lado] Ilia State Univ, Natl Abastumani Astrophys Observ, GE-1060 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Seljak, Uros] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sheldon, Erin; Slosar, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Sobeck, Jennifer S.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Sobeck, Jennifer S.] Univ Chicago, JUNA, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Stassun, Keivan G.] Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Vikas, Shailendra K.; Wood-Vasey, W. M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, PITT PACC, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [West, Andrew A.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Wisniewski, John P.] Univ Oklahoma, HL Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Yanny, Brian] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [York, Donald G.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [York, Donald G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Zhao, Gong-Bo] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. RP Strauss, MA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Makler, Martin/G-2639-2012; White, Martin/I-3880-2015; Brandt, William/N-2844-2015; Rocha-Pinto, Helio/C-2719-2008; Meszaros, Szabolcs/N-2287-2014; Sobreira, Flavia/F-4168-2015; Jiang, Linhua/H-5485-2016; Croft, Rupert/N-8707-2014; Balbinot, Eduardo/E-8019-2015; Kneib, Jean-Paul/A-7919-2015; Pforr, Janine/J-3967-2015; Guo, Hong/J-5797-2015; Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011; Le Goff, Jean-Marc/E-7629-2013; Tecnologias espaciai, Inct/I-2415-2013; West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; Zamora, Olga/M-1776-2014; Gonzalez Hernandez, Jonay I./L-3556-2014; Ogando, Ricardo/A-1747-2010; Mandelbaum, Rachel/N-8955-2014; Filiz Ak, Nurten/C-9686-2015; OI Makler, Martin/0000-0003-2206-2651; White, Martin/0000-0001-9912-5070; Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453; Meszaros, Szabolcs/0000-0001-8237-5209; Sobreira, Flavia/0000-0002-7822-0658; Jiang, Linhua/0000-0003-4176-6486; Croft, Rupert/0000-0003-0697-2583; Cristiani, Stefano/0000-0002-2115-5234; Rubino-Martin, Jose Alberto/0000-0001-5289-3021; Zhu, Guangtun/0000-0002-7574-8078; Fleming, Scott/0000-0003-0556-027X; Balbinot, Eduardo/0000-0002-1322-3153; Kneib, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-4616-4989; Pforr, Janine/0000-0002-3414-8391; Guo, Hong/0000-0003-4936-8247; Zamora, Olga/0000-0003-2100-1638; Gonzalez Hernandez, Jonay I./0000-0002-0264-7356; Ogando, Ricardo/0000-0003-2120-1154; Mandelbaum, Rachel/0000-0003-2271-1527; Filiz Ak, Nurten/0000-0003-3016-5490; Bovy, Jo/0000-0001-6855-442X; Verde, Licia/0000-0003-2601-8770; McMahon, Richard/0000-0001-8447-8869; /0000-0002-1891-3794; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Davenport, James/0000-0002-0637-835X; Pepper, Joshua/0000-0002-3827-8417; Sanchez Almeida, Jorge/0000-0003-1123-6003; Miralda-Escude, Jordi/0000-0002-2316-8370; Viel, Matteo/0000-0002-2642-5707; Escoffier, Stephanie/0000-0002-2847-7498; Schmidt, Sarah/0000-0002-7224-7702; Zinn, Joel/0000-0002-7550-7151; Finley, Hayley/0000-0002-1216-8914; Cuesta Vazquez, Antonio Jose/0000-0002-4153-9470 FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science FX Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS-III Web site is http://www.sdss3.org/. NR 56 TC 598 Z9 603 U1 12 U2 77 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 203 IS 2 AR 21 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/203/2/21 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 051BX UT WOS:000312100500005 ER PT J AU Hsieh, BC Wang, WH Hsieh, CC Lin, LW Yan, HJ Lim, J Ho, PTP AF Hsieh, Bau-Ching Wang, Wei-Hao Hsieh, Chih-Chiang Lin, Lihwai Yan, Haojing Lim, Jeremy Ho, Paul T. P. TI THE TAIWAN ECDFS NEAR-INFRARED SURVEY: ULTRA-DEEP J AND K-S IMAGING IN THE EXTENDED CHANDRA DEEP FIELD-SOUTH SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; cosmology: observations; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; galaxies: high-redshift; infrared: galaxies ID EXTRAGALACTIC LEGACY SURVEY; EXTREMELY RED OBJECTS; YALE-CHILE MUSYC; MULTIWAVELENGTH SURVEY; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; ARRAY CAMERA; GALAXIES; CATALOG; TELESCOPE; CANDELS AB We present ultra-deep J and K-S imaging observations covering a 30' x 30' area of the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South (ECDFS) carried out by our Taiwan ECDFS Near-Infrared Survey (TENIS). The median 5 sigma limiting magnitudes for all detected objects in the ECDFS reach 24.5 and 23.9 mag (AB) for J and K-S, respectively. In the inner 400 arcmin(2) region where the sensitivity is more uniform, objects as faint as 25.6 and 25.0 mag are detected at 5 sigma. Thus, this is by far the deepest J and K-S data sets available for the ECDFS. To combine TENIS with the Spitzer IRAC data for obtaining better spectral energy distributions of high-redshift objects, we developed a novel deconvolution technique (IRACLEAN) to accurately estimate the IRAC fluxes. IRACLEAN can minimize the effect of blending in the IRAC images caused by the large point-spread functions and reduce the confusion noise. We applied IRACLEAN to the images from the Spitzer IRAC/MUSYC Public Legacy in the ECDFS survey (SIMPLE) and generated a J+K-S-selected multi-wavelength catalog including the photometry of both the TENIS near-infrared and the SIMPLE IRAC data. We publicly release the data products derived from this work, including the J and K-S images and the J+K-S-selected multi-wavelength catalog. C1 [Hsieh, Bau-Ching; Wang, Wei-Hao; Hsieh, Chih-Chiang; Lin, Lihwai; Lim, Jeremy; Ho, Paul T. P.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Hsieh, Chih-Chiang] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Inst Astron, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Yan, Haojing] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lim, Jeremy] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Ho, Paul T. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hsieh, BC (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei 106, Taiwan. FU National Science Council of Taiwan [98-2112-M-001-003-MY2, 99-2112-M-001-012-MY3] FX We thank the referee for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. We are grateful to the Hawaiian group led by Lennox Cowie for contributing their WIRCam KS-band data, and to the CFHT staff for help in obtaining the data. This paper is based on observations obtained with WIRCam, a joint project of CFHT, Taiwan, Korea, Canada, France, and the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institute National des Sciences de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France, and the University of Hawaii. Access to the CFHT was made possible by the Ministry of Education, the National Science Council of Taiwan as part of the Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics (CosPA) program, the Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, and the National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan. We gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Council of Taiwan grant 98-2112-M-001-003-MY2 (W.H.W.), 99-2112-M-001-012-MY3 (W.H.W.). NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 203 IS 2 AR 23 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/203/2/23 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 051BX UT WOS:000312100500007 ER PT J AU Massaro, F Tremblay, GR Harris, DE Kharb, P Axon, D Balmaverde, B Baum, SA Capetti, A Chiaberge, M Gilli, R Giovannini, G Grandi, P Macchetto, FD O'Dea, CP Risaliti, G Sparks, W Torresi, E AF Massaro, F. Tremblay, G. R. Harris, D. E. Kharb, P. Axon, D. Balmaverde, B. Baum, S. A. Capetti, A. Chiaberge, M. Gilli, R. Giovannini, G. Grandi, P. Macchetto, F. D. O'Dea, C. P. Risaliti, G. Sparks, W. Torresi, E. TI CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS OF 3C RADIO SOURCES WITH z < 0.3. II. COMPLETING THE SNAPSHOT SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; radio continuum: galaxies; X-rays: general ID X-RAY-EMISSION; COMPLETE SAMPLE; SOURCE COUNTERPARTS; VLA OBSERVATIONS; LOW-LUMINOSITY; LOW-REDSHIFT; GALAXIES; NUCLEI; 3C-234; I. AB We report on the second round of Chandra observations of the 3C snapshot survey developed to observe the complete sample of 3C radio sources with z < 0.3 for 8 ks each. In the first paper, we illustrated the basic data reduction and analysis procedures performed for the 30 sources of the 3C sample observed during Chandra Cycle 9, while here we present the data for the remaining 27 sources observed during Cycle 12. We measured the X-ray intensity of the nuclei and of any radio hot spots and jet features with associated X-ray emission. X-ray fluxes in three energy bands, i.e., soft, medium, and hard, for all the sources analyzed are also reported. For the stronger nuclei, we also applied the standard spectral analysis, which provides the best-fit values of the X-ray spectral index and absorbing column density. In addition, a detailed analysis of bright X-ray nuclei that could be affected by pile-up has been performed. X-ray emission was detected for all the nuclei of the radio sources in our sample except for 3C 319. Among the current sample, there are two compact steep spectrum radio sources, two broad-line radio galaxies, and one wide angle tail radio galaxy, 3C 89, hosted in a cluster of galaxies clearly visible in our Chandra snapshot observation. In addition, we also detected soft X-ray emission arising from the galaxy cluster surrounding 3C 196.1. Finally, X-ray emission from hot spots has been found in three FR II radio sources and, in the case of 3C 459, we also report the detection of X-ray emission associated with the eastern radio lobe as well as X-ray emission cospatial with radio jets in 3C 29 and 3C 402. C1 [Massaro, F.] SLAC Natl Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Massaro, F.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Tremblay, G. R.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Harris, D. E.; O'Dea, C. P.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kharb, P.; Axon, D.; O'Dea, C. P.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci 76 3144, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Axon, D.] Univ Sussex, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Balmaverde, B.; Capetti, A.] Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. [Baum, S. A.] Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci 76 3144, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Baum, S. A.] Radcliffe Inst Adv Study, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chiaberge, M.; Macchetto, F. D.; Sparks, W.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Chiaberge, M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Chiaberge, M.; Giovannini, G.] INAF Ist Radioastron Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Gilli, R.; Giovannini, G.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Grandi, P.; Torresi, E.] INAF IASF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm Bologn, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Risaliti, G.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Massaro, F (reprint author), SLAC Natl Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Gilli, Roberto/P-1110-2015; Massaro, Francesco/L-9102-2016; OI Gilli, Roberto/0000-0001-8121-6177; Massaro, Francesco/0000-0002-1704-9850; Balmaverde, Barbara/0000-0002-0690-0638; Grandi, Paola/0000-0003-1848-6013; Giovannini, Gabriele/0000-0003-4916-6362; Risaliti, Guido/0000-0002-3556-977X; capetti, alessandro/0000-0003-3684-4275; Tremblay, Grant/0000-0002-5445-5401; TORRESI, ELEONORA/0000-0002-5201-010X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; NASA [GO1-12125A]; Chandra grant [GO8-9114C]; Foundation BLANCEFLOR Boncompagni-Ludovisi, n'ee Bildt; Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University; European Southern Observatory (ESO) Fellowship; European Community [229517] FX We thank the anonymous referee for useful comments that led to improvements in the paper. We wish to honor the memory of our great friend and colleague David Axon, who has been the steadfast inspiration and participant in this and many other key papers that through many years of dedicated efforts have led to significant breakthroughs and greater understanding of the physics of active galaxies. He will be greatly missed by all of us. We are grateful to M. Hardcastle and C.C. Cheung for providing several radio maps of the 3C sources. We also thank C.C. Cheung and S. Bianchi for helpful discussions. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System; SAOImage DS9, developed by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, and the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Several radio maps were downloaded from the NVAS (NRAO VLA Archive Survey) and from the DRAGN Web site.20 The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is operated by Associated Universities, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation. A few radio maps have been obtained from the Merlin archive. The work at SAO is supported by NASA-GRANT GO1-12125A and the work at RIT was supported by Chandra grant GO8-9114C. F. Massaro acknowledges the Foundation BLANCEFLOR Boncompagni-Ludovisi, n'ee Bildt for the grant awarded him in 2009 and in 2010. This work is supported in part by the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University. G.R.T. acknowledges support from a European Southern Observatory (ESO) Fellowship partially funded by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (/FP7/2007-2013/) under grant agreement No. 229517. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 203 IS 2 AR 31 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/203/2/31 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 051BX UT WOS:000312100500015 ER PT J AU Dardeau, MR Pollock, NW McDonald, CM Lang, MA AF Dardeau, Michael R. Pollock, Neal W. McDonald, Christian M. Lang, Michael A. TI The incidence of decompression illness in 10 years of scientific diving SO DIVING AND HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Decompression illness; decompression sickness; occupational health; safety; scientific diving; epidemiology ID SICKNESS AB (The incidence of decompression illness in 10 years of scientific diving. Dardeau MR, Pollock NW, McDonald CM and Lang MA. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine. 2012;42(4):195-200.) Background: The American Academy of Underwater Science (AAUS) constitutes the single largest pool of organizations with scientific diving programmes in North America. Members submit annual summaries of diving activity and any related incidents. Methods: All diving records for a 10-year period between January 1998 and December 2007 were reviewed. Incidents were independently classified or reclassified by a four-person panel with expertise in scientific diving and diving safety using a previously published protocol. Subsequent panel discussion produced a single consensus classification of each case. Results: A total of 95 confirmed incidents were reported in conjunction with 1,019,159 scientific dives, yielding an overall incidence of 0.93/10,000 person-dives. A total of 33 cases were determined to involve decompression illness (DCI), encompassing both decompression sickness and air embolism. The incidence of DCI was 0.324/10,000 person-dives, substantially lower than the rates of 0.9-35.3/10,000 published for recreational, instructional/guided, commercial and/or military diving. Conclusions: Scientific diving safety may be facilitated by a combination of relatively high levels of training and oversight, the predominance of shallow, no-decompression diving and, possibly, low pressure to complete dives under less than optimal circumstances. C1 [Pollock, Neal W.] Divers Alert Network, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Dardeau, Michael R.] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL USA. [McDonald, Christian M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Lang, Michael A.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Pollock, NW (reprint author), Divers Alert Network, 6 W Colony Pl, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM neal.pollock@duke.edu NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOUTH PACIFIC UNDERWATER MED SOC PI MELBOURNE PA C/O AUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND COLL ANAESTHETISTS, 630 ST KILDA RD, MELBOURNE, VIC 3004, AUSTRALIA SN 1833-3516 J9 DIVING HYPERB MED JI Diving Hyperb. Med. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 42 IS 4 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 053NO UT WOS:000312279900003 PM 23258455 ER PT J AU Greenberg, R Danner, RM AF Greenberg, Russell Danner, Raymond M. TI THE INFLUENCE OF THE CALIFORNIA MARINE LAYER ON BILL SIZE IN A GENERALIST SONGBIRD SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Allen's Rule; geographic variation; heat dissipation; mediterranean climate; thermography ID HEAT-LOSS; MELOSPIZA-MELODIA; ALLENS RULE; BIRDS; SPARROW; TEMPERATURE; ADAPTATION; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY AB The hypothesis is tested that birds in hotter and drier environments may have larger bills to increase the surface area for heat dissipation. California provides a climatic gradient to test the influence of climate on bill size. Much of California experiences dry warm/hot summers and coastal areas experience cooler summers than interior localities. Based on measurements from 1488 museum skins, song sparrows showed increasing body-size-corrected bill surface area from the coast to the interior and declining in the far eastern desert. As predicted by Newton's convective heat transfer equation, relative bill size increased monotonically with temperature, and then decreased where average high temperatures exceed body temperature. Of the variables considered, distance from coast, average high summer temperature, and potential evapotranspiration showed a strong quadratic association with bill size and rainfall had a weaker negative relationship. Song sparrows on larger, warmer islands also had larger bills. A subsample of radiographed specimens showed that skeletal bill size is also correlated with temperature, demonstrating that bill size differences are not a result of variation in growth and wear of keratin. Combined with recent thermographic studies of heat loss in song sparrow bills, these results support the hypothesis that bill size in California song sparrows is selected for heat dissipation. C1 [Greenberg, Russell; Danner, Raymond M.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Danner, Raymond M.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Greenberg, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM greenbergr@si.edu RI Danner, Raymond/J-8350-2013 OI Danner, Raymond/0000-0002-3999-8141 NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD DEC PY 2012 VL 66 IS 12 BP 3825 EP 3835 DI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01726.x PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 052SH UT WOS:000312218200016 PM 23206140 ER PT J AU Smith, GH Dupree, AK Strader, J AF Smith, Graeme H. Dupree, Andrea K. Strader, Jay TI The lambda 10830 He I Absorption Line Among Metal-Poor Subdwarfs SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; FIELD RED GIANTS; CHROMOSPHERIC LINE; HEMISPHERE OBSERVATIONS; ECHELLE SPECTROGRAPH; LARGE-SAMPLE; DISK STARS; RGB STARS; MASS-LOSS; EMISSION AB Spectra of the He I lambda 10830 line have been obtained for 23 metal-poor stars, the majority of which are dwarfs ranging in metallicity from -2.1 <= [Fe/H] <= -0.8. The data were acquired with the NIRSPEC spectrograph on the Keck II telescope. Most of these subdwarfs and dwarfs are found to exhibit a He I absorption line indicative of the presence of chromospheres. The equivalent width of the lambda 10830 absorption profile is generally less than 70 m angstrom, and covers a range similar to that found in solar metallicity stars of low activity. Among the subdwarfs the lambda 10830 equivalent width does not correlate with either [Fe/H] metallicity or (B - V) color. Some evidence for asymmetric profiles is found among metal-poor dwarfs, but not the high-speed blue-shifted absorption displayed by some metal-poor red giants. C1 [Smith, Graeme H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Lick Observ, Univ Calif Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dupree, Andrea K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Strader, Jay] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Smith, GH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Lick Observ, Univ Calif Observ, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM graeme@ucolick.org FU W. M. Keck Foundation; National Science Foundation [AST-09087] FX The data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. We thank the referee for useful comments on the paper. GHS would like to thank the National Science Foundation for support under grant AST-09087. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 124 IS 922 BP 1252 EP 1261 DI 10.1086/668865 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 054ZQ UT WOS:000312384800003 ER PT J AU McLeod, B Fabricant, D Nystrom, G McCracken, K Amato, S Bergner, H Brown, W Burke, M Chilingarian, I Conroy, M Curley, D Furesz, G Geary, J Hertz, E Holwell, J Matthews, A Norton, T Park, S Roll, J Zajac, J Epps, H Martini, P AF McLeod, Brian Fabricant, Daniel Nystrom, George McCracken, Ken Amato, Stephen Bergner, Henry Brown, Warren Burke, Michael Chilingarian, Igor Conroy, Maureen Curley, Dylan Furesz, Gabor Geary, John Hertz, Edward Holwell, Justin Matthews, Anne Norton, Tim Park, Sang Roll, John Zajac, Joseph Epps, Harland Martini, Paul TI MMT and Magellan Infrared Spectrograph SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE OPTICS; GEMINI-SOUTH; TELESCOPE; SPECTROMETER; FLAMINGOS-2; ABUNDANCES; IMAGER; LINES AB The MMT and Magellan infrared spectrograph (MMIRS) is a cryogenic multiple-slit spectrograph operating in the wavelength range 0.9-2.4 mu m. The refractive optics of MMIRS offer a 6'.9 x 6'.9 field of view for imaging with a spatial resolution of 0.2 arcsec pixel(-1) on a HAWAII-2 array. For spectroscopy, MMIRS can be used with long slits up to 6'.9 long, or with custom slit masks having slitlets distributed over a 4' x 6'.9 area. A range of dispersers offer spectral resolutions of 800-3000. MMIRS is designed to be used at the f/5 foci of the MMT or Magellan Clay 6.5 m telescopes. MMIRS was commissioned in 2009 at the MMT and has been in routine operation at the Magellan Clay Telescope since 2010. MMIRS is being used for a wide range of scientific investigations from exoplanet atmospheres to Ly alpha emitters. C1 [McLeod, Brian; Fabricant, Daniel; Nystrom, George; McCracken, Ken; Amato, Stephen; Bergner, Henry; Brown, Warren; Burke, Michael; Chilingarian, Igor; Conroy, Maureen; Curley, Dylan; Furesz, Gabor; Geary, John; Hertz, Edward; Holwell, Justin; Matthews, Anne; Norton, Tim; Park, Sang; Roll, John; Zajac, Joseph] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Epps, Harland] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Martini, Paul] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP McLeod, B (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Chilingarian, Igor/N-5117-2016 OI Chilingarian, Igor/0000-0002-7924-3253 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 124 IS 922 BP 1318 EP 1335 DI 10.1086/669044 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 054ZQ UT WOS:000312384800010 ER PT J AU Olson, SL AF Olson, Storrs L. TI HISTORY, STRUCTURE, EVOLUTION, BEHAVIOR, DISTRIBUTION, AND ECOLOGY OF THE EXTINCT HAWAIIAN GENUS CIRIDOPS (FRINGILLIDAE, CARDUELINI, DREPANIDINI) SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIRDS; PASSERIFORMES; HONEYCREEPERS; MORPHOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; RADIATION; PLUMAGE AB The extinct drepanidine genus Ciridops is known from live historically taken specimens of Ciridops anna from the island of Hawaii, the last in 1892. and from fossil populations on Molokai, Oahu, and Kauai. The origins of the historical specimens and the taxonomic history of the genus are reviewed. The plumages of C. anna are interpreted as highly sexually dimorphic (red males vs. greenish females); the juvenile plumage of males included brownish feathers that appear to have been retained and mixed with the incoming definitive plumage. The thigh musculature and pelvic and hindlimb osteology show that the strong legs and feet of Ciridops were probably used to move plant debris in search of insects. The closest living analog may be the Yellowhead (Mohoua ochrocephala) of New Zealand. Analysis of stomach contents of the single fluid-preserved specimen of C. anna disclosed remains of insects that are widely distributed in Hawaiian forest ecosystems. The traditionally claimed association of Ciridops anna with palms of the genus Pritchardia suggests that Ciridops may have fed in the accumulated debris in the axils of palm leaves. The patchy distribution of fossils of Ciridops may result from the birds being associated with nearly pure stands of Pritchardia that were in turn patchily distributed. Vulnerability of Pritchardia to introduced seed predators, including rats and humans, and to destruction of lowland habitats by cutting and burning, may have caused the prehistoric extinction of Ciridops on all islands except Hawaii. Received 2 March 2012. Accepted 25 May 2012. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM olsons@si.edu NR 103 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 124 IS 4 BP 651 EP 674 PG 24 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 053PU UT WOS:000312285900001 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Matsuoka, SM Tessler, DF Greenberg, R Fox, JW AF Johnson, James A. Matsuoka, Steven M. Tessler, David F. Greenberg, Russell Fox, James W. TI IDENTIFYING MIGRATORY PATHWAYS USED BY RUSTY BLACKBIRDS BREEDING IN SOUTHCENTRAL ALASKA SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SONGBIRD MIGRATION; CONNECTIVITY; TECHNOLOGY; GEOLOCATOR; TRACKING; DECLINE; MOLT AB We placed light-level geolocators on 17 Rusty Blackbirds (Euphagus carolinus) in 2009 to track their migrations from nest sites near Anchorage, Alaska to wintering areas and back. We recaptured three of these birds in 2010 and found they departed breeding areas during the first half of September, spent 72-84 days migrating to overwintering areas, but only 16-30 days on their northward migration to Alaska. Birds took similar Central Flyway routes on southward and northward migrations, which were not previously described for this species. The birds used a series of stopover sites across the prairie region from southern Saskatchewan to Iowa over a 4 to 5 week period on their southward migration to wintering areas that spanned from South Dakota to northern Louisiana. We found upon recapture in 2010, the geolocator attachment harnesses had abraded the surrounding feathers on all three birds. This coupled with the low return rate (18%) for instrumented birds indicates a better harness method must be developed before this technology is more widely used on Rusty Blackbirds. Received 8 February 2012. Accepted 19 June 2012. C1 [Johnson, James A.; Matsuoka, Steven M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Tessler, David F.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Div Program, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Greenberg, Russell] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Fox, James W.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Fox, James W.] Migrate Technol Ltd, Cambridge CB1 0QY, England. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jim_a_johnson@fws.gov FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game's Nongame Program; U.S. Department of Defense's Legacy Natural Resources Program; Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management (Region 7) FX We are grateful to Niels Dau, Luke DeCicco, Larry Hoare, Russ Oates, Lisa Pajot, Marian Snively, Kim Trust, and Jen Wiley for assistance in the field. Herman Griese and Chris McKee of the Department of Defense provided access to study areas on Elmendorf Air Force Base and the U.S. Army's Fort Richardson, respectively. We appreciate the helpful comments of Brad Andres, Clait Braun, Jesse Conklin, and an anonymous reviewer that improved earlier drafts of the manuscript. This study was funded by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game's Nongame Program, the U.S. Department of Defense's Legacy Natural Resources Program, the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management (Region 7). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 64 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 124 IS 4 BP 698 EP 703 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 053PU UT WOS:000312285900005 ER PT J AU Sobolewski, ME Brown, JL Mitani, JC AF Sobolewski, Marissa E. Brown, Janine L. Mitani, John C. TI Territoriality, tolerance and testosterone in wild chimpanzees SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE aggression challenge hypothesis; chimpanzee; Pan troglodytes; territorial behaviour; testosterone ID GOMBE-NATIONAL-PARK; HUNTING BEHAVIOR; CHALLENGE HYPOTHESIS; BOUNDARY PATROLS; COOPERATION; MEAT; COMPETITION; AGGRESSION; EXCHANGE; PATTERNS AB Although testosterone (T) has well known organizational and activational effects on aggression, the relationship between the two is not always clear. The challenge hypothesis addresses this problem by proposing that T will affect aggression only in fitness-enhancing situations. One way to test the challenge hypothesis is to examine the relationship between T and different types of aggression. Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, show aggressive behaviours in several contexts and provide an opportunity for such a test. Here we show that urinary T influences a form of male chimpanzee reproductive aggression, territorial boundary patrols. In contrast, T does not affect predatory behaviour, a form of aggression that has no immediate link to male reproduction. While these results are consistent with the challenge hypothesis, our results indicate that male chimpanzees experience a significant drop in urinary T during hunts. Additional analyses reveal that males who share meat with others display this decrease. The reason for this decrement is unclear, but we hypothesize that the relative lack of aggression that results from voluntary sharing episodes and the tolerance engendered by such acts may be contributory factors. (C) 2012 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sobolewski, Marissa E.; Mitani, John C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Anthropol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Brown, Janine L.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA USA. RP Sobolewski, ME (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Anthropol, 1085 S Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mesobole@umich.edu FU Uganda Wildlife Authority; Uganda National Council for Science and Technology; Makerere University Biological Research Station; L.S.B. Leakey Foundation; U.S. National Science Foundation [IOB-0516644, BCS-0752637] FX Fieldwork was sponsored by the Uganda Wildlife Authority, Uganda National Council for Science and Technology, and the Makerere University Biological Research Station. We thank J. Lwanga, A. Magoba, G. Mbabazi, A. Tumusiime, L. Ndangizi for logistical support and field assistance. We are grateful to J. Beehner, D. Cheney, L. MacLatchy, R. Seyfarth and an anonymous referee for discussion and comments on the manuscript, and to S. Putman and N. Presley for laboratory assistance. This research was supported by grants from the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation and the U.S. National Science Foundation (IOB-0516644; BCS-0752637). NR 42 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 9 U2 66 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1469 EP 1474 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.09.018 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 049AA UT WOS:000311953200023 ER PT J AU O'Mara, MT Hickey, CM AF Teague O'Mara, M. Hickey, Cathriona M. TI Social influences on the development of ringtailed lemur feeding ecology SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE co-feeding; Lemur catta; ontogeny; ringtailed lemur; social learning; stimulus enhancement ID WILD VERVET MONKEYS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; LEARNING STRATEGIES; VARECIA-VARIEGATA; EVOLUTION; CATTA; PRIMATES; INTELLIGENCE; INFORMATION; CHIMPANZEES AB As they grow, young individuals can use both social and individual learning strategies to develop species-typical feeding ecology, and the utility of these strategies may vary phylogenetically and with environmental stability. Focused learning from mothers and other group members is critical in monkeys, with behaviours such as co-feeding playing strong roles in determining postweaning survival. While adult lemurs are capable of social learning, it is unknown how social information is incorporated during the development of feeding or what social learning strategies are used in this process. Here we evaluate the use of social learning behaviours and the potential for social learning in young ringtailed lemurs, Lemur catta, at the Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar. We show that infant and juvenile ringtailed lemurs use basic and generalized stimulus enhancement that occurs through behavioural synchrony with older nearest neighbours. More focused co-feeding occurred at low levels, and many of the social learning behaviours observed in the other social primate taxa were absent. High levels of individual exploration also contributed to learning, evidenced through high dietary diversity in juveniles relative to other group members. Our observations are consistent with the idea that simple social learning rules are responsible for the development of ecological complexity in many generalist vertebrate species, and that more complicated learning behaviours may not be necessary to learn complex and varied diets. (c) 2012 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Teague O'Mara, M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Teague O'Mara, M.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, Tempe, AZ USA. [Teague O'Mara, M.] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Dept Migrat & Immunoecol, Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. [Hickey, Cathriona M.] Univ York, Dept Environm, CIRCLE, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Hickey, Cathriona M.] Flamingo Land Ltd, Malton, N Yorkshire, England. RP O'Mara, MT (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0840-0153, Panama City, Panama. EM teague.omara@gmail.com OI O'Mara, M. Teague/0000-0002-6951-1648 FU National Science Foundation [DDIG BCS 0851761]; J. William Fulbright Foundation; Primate Conservation, Inc.; Sigma Xi and its Arizona State University (ASU) chapter; ASU Graduate and Professional Students Association; ASU School of Human Evolution Social Change FX We thank Ayden Sherritt, Paul Stephen and Andy Fogel for their enormous help with data collection. We thank Madagascar National Parks, the Ministere des Eaux et Foret and ESSA-Foret Universite d'Antananarivo for permission to conduct this study and the staff at Beza Mahafaly and the Madagascar Insitut pour la Conservation des Environnements Tropicaux (MICET) for facilitating the logistics of this work. Michelle Sauther, Frank Cuozzo, Jacky Antho, Stephanie Meredith, Andry Randrianandrasana, Jeannin Ranaivonasy, Benjamin Andriamihaja, Monja, and the members of the Beza Mahafaly Ecological Monitoring Team were all highly supportive of the fieldwork at Beza. Special thanks also to Alison Richard and Robert Dewar for their support of this project. Leanne Nash, Kate Ihle and Patricia Jones provided insightful comments on previous drafts of this manuscript, as did two anonymous referees. Justin Touchon and Stuart Dennis provided statistical advice. This work was funded with support to M.T.O. from the National Science Foundation (DDIG BCS 0851761), the J. William Fulbright Foundation, Primate Conservation, Inc., Sigma Xi and its Arizona State University (ASU) chapter, the ASU Graduate and Professional Students Association, and the ASU School of Human Evolution & Social Change. NR 86 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 123 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1547 EP 1555 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.09.032 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 049AA UT WOS:000311953200033 ER PT J AU Watters, TR Solomon, SC Klimczak, C Freed, AM Head, JW Ernst, CM Blair, DM Goudge, TA Byrne, PK AF Watters, Thomas R. Solomon, Sean C. Klimczak, Christian Freed, Andrew M. Head, James W. Ernst, Carolyn M. Blair, David M. Goudge, Timothy A. Byrne, Paul K. TI Extension and contraction within volcanically buried impact craters and basins on Mercury SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALORIS BASIN; GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE; MESSENGER FLYBY; EVOLUTION; TROUGHS AB Orbital images of Mercury obtained by the MESSENGER spacecraft have revealed families of troughs, interpreted to be graben, on volcanic plains material that largely or completely buried preexisting craters and basins. The graben are partially to fully encircled by rings of contractional wrinkle ridges localized over the rims of the buried impact features to form systems of associated contractional and extensional landforms. Most of the buried craters and basins with graben identified to date are located in the extensive volcanic plains that cover much of Mercury's northern high latitudes. The distinctive relationship between wrinkle ridges and graben in buried craters and basins on Mercury is interpreted to be the result of a combination of extensional stresses from cooling and thermal contraction of thick lava flow units and compressional stresses from cooling and contraction of the planet's interior. C1 [Watters, Thomas R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Solomon, Sean C.; Klimczak, Christian; Byrne, Paul K.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Freed, Andrew M.; Blair, David M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Head, James W.; Goudge, Timothy A.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Ernst, Carolyn M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Watters, TR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM watterst@si.edu RI Ernst, Carolyn/I-4902-2012 FU NASA [NASW-00002, NAS5-97271, NNX07AR60G] FX We thank W.B. McKinnon, E. Grosfils, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. We are grateful to the MESSENGER engineers and technical support personnel. The MESSENGER project is supported by the NASA Discovery Program under contracts NASW-00002 to the Carnegie Institution of Washington and NAS5-97271 to The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. This work is also supported by NASA grant NNX07AR60G. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 15 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 2012 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1123 EP 1126 DI 10.1130/G33725.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 046BE UT WOS:000311739700021 ER PT J AU Terossi, M Tudge, C Greco, LSL Mantelatto, FL AF Terossi, Mariana Tudge, Christopher Lopez Greco, Laura S. Mantelatto, Fernando L. TI A novel spermatozoan ultrastructure in the shrimp Hippolyte obliquimanus Dana, 1852 (Decapoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae) SO INVERTEBRATE REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE spermatozoa; morphology; nuclear arms; acrosomal spike ID MALE REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; RHYNCHOCINETES-TYPUS; CRUSTACEA; SPERMATOPHORE; HERMAPHRODITISM; ANOMURA AB The aim of this study was to describe and illustrate the morphology of the spermatozoon of the Western Atlantic shrimp, Hippolyte obliquimanus. Individuals were sampled from Itagua Beach (Ubatuba, southern Brazil). The male reproductive system was dissected and morphological analysis was undertaken using a stereomicroscope, a light microscope, and transmission electron and scanning electron microscopes. When viewed from the nuclear or acrosomal poles, each spermatozoon has many translucent radiating arms (about 20) from a denser cell body, while laterally the cell body and arms resemble a "cnidarian medusa", with all the arms projecting away from the bell-like cell body. This sperm morphology is distinct from the "thumbtack"-shaped spermatozoa observed in the majority of carideans but has similarities to the spermatozoa of Rhynchocinetes spp. The morphology of sperm of several species of the genus Hippolyte resembles the spermatozoon of H. obliquimanus with the presence of posterior nuclear arms, but it is necessary to study other Hippolyte species to place these arms in the context of the genus. C1 [Terossi, Mariana; Mantelatto, Fernando L.] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Philosophy Sci & Letters Ribeirao Preto FFCLR, Dept Biol, Postgrad Program Comparat Biol,Lab Bioecol & Crus, BR-14040901 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. [Tudge, Christopher] American Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Tudge, Christopher] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Lopez Greco, Laura S.] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Biodivers & Expt Biol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Mantelatto, FL (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Philosophy Sci & Letters Ribeirao Preto FFCLR, Dept Biol, Postgrad Program Comparat Biol,Lab Bioecol & Crus, Av Bandeirantes 3900, BR-14040901 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. EM flmantel@usp.br RI Terossi, Mariana/J-7946-2012; Mantelatto, Fernando/H-2695-2012 OI Mantelatto, Fernando/0000-0002-8497-187X FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [Proc. 06/61771-0, Proc. 2011/11901-3]; CNPq [Proc. 301359/2007-5, 302748/2010-5]; FAPESP [Proc. 2010/50188-8]; Postgraduate Program in Comparative Biology of FFCLRP/USP and CEBIMar/USP FX M. Terossi is grateful to Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) for the doctoral (Proc. 06/61771-0) and post-doctoral (Proc. 2011/11901-3) fellowships. F.L. Mantelatto is grateful to CNPq (Proc. 301359/2007-5; 302748/2010-5) and FAPESP (Proc. 2010/50188-8) for a research fellowship and grant research, respectively, that support this project. The authors specially thank Maria Dolores Seabra Ferreira, Jose Augusto Maulin, and Rodrigo Ferreira da Silva from Laboratory of Electronic Microscopy of the Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Faculty of Medicine (FMRP) - USP for their assistance with electron microscopy. The authors thank all members of the Laboratory of Bioecology and Crustacean Systematics of FFCLRP/USP for their help during field work and anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and contributions toward improving this article. The support of the Postgraduate Program in Comparative Biology of FFCLRP/USP and CEBIMar/USP during fieldwork is gratefully acknowledged. The collections of species for this study complied with current applicable state and federal laws of Brazil (DIFAP/IBAMA, 121/05). NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0792-4259 J9 INVERTEBR REPROD DEV JI Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 56 IS 4 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.1080/07924259.2011.631040 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 051IP UT WOS:000312120200005 ER PT J AU Matocq, MD Kelly, PA Phillips, SE Maldonado, JE AF Matocq, Marjorie D. Kelly, Patrick A. Phillips, Scott E. Maldonado, Jesus E. TI Reconstructing the evolutionary history of an endangered subspecies across the changing landscape of the Great Central Valley of California SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE approximate Bayesian computation; hybridization; Neotoma; San Joaquin Valley ID WOODRATS NEOTOMA-MACROTIS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; DUSKY-FOOTED WOODRAT; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; GENUS NEOTOMA; ADMIXTURE PROPORTIONS; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; ALLELE FREQUENCIES AB Identifying historic patterns of population genetic diversity and connectivity is a primary challenge in efforts to re-establish the processes that have generated and maintained genetic variation across natural landscapes. The challenge of reconstructing pattern and process is even greater in highly altered landscapes where population extinctions and dramatic demographic fluctuations in remnant populations may have substantially altered, if not eliminated, historic patterns. Here, we seek to reconstruct historic patterns of diversity and connectivity in an endangered subspecies of woodrat that now occupies only 12 remnant locations within the highly altered landscape of the Great Central Valley of California. We examine patterns of diversity and connectivity using 14 microsatellite loci and sequence data from a mitochondrial locus and a nuclear intron. We reconstruct temporal change in habitat availability to establish several historical scenarios that could have led to contemporary patterns of diversity, and use an approximate Bayesian computation approach to test which of these scenarios is most consistent with our observed data. We find that the Central Valley populations harbour unique genetic variation coupled with a history of admixture between two well-differentiated species of woodrats that are currently restricted to the woodlands flanking the Valley. Our simulations also show that certain commonly used analytical approaches may fail to recover a history of admixture when populations experience severe bottlenecks subsequent to hybridization. Overall our study shows the strength of combining empirical and simulation analyses to recover the history of populations occupying highly altered landscapes. C1 [Matocq, Marjorie D.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Kelly, Patrick A.; Phillips, Scott E.] Calif State Univ Stanislaus, Dept Biol Sci, Endangered Species Recovery Program, Turlock, CA 95382 USA. [Maldonado, Jesus E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Maldonado, Jesus E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Matocq, MD (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM mmatocq@cabnr.unr.edu FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, South-Central California Area Office; National Science Foundation [DEB-0644371, DEB-0952946] FX We thank the numerous Endangered Species Recovery Program (ESRP) biologists and interns who contributed to tissue collection over the years, especially Matthew Lloyd. We also thank Jennifer Claypool and Joanne Crawford for assistance with data generation, and Chris Feldman and Eric Tobin for assistance with data analyses. Data collection was made possible by the excellent facilities and staff at the Idaho State University Molecular Research Core Facility and the University of Nevada Reno's Nevada Genomics Center. Funding was provided in part by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, South-Central California Area Office and the National Science Foundation (DEB-0644371 and DEB-0952946 to MDM). NR 73 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 21 IS 24 BP 5918 EP 5933 DI 10.1111/mec.12079 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 051SI UT WOS:000312147300004 PM 23106496 ER PT J AU Fine, S Shanks, T Croom, SM Green, P Kelly, BC Berger, E Chornock, R Burgett, WS Magnier, EA Price, PA AF Fine, S. Shanks, T. Croom, S. M. Green, P. Kelly, B. C. Berger, E. Chornock, R. Burgett, W. S. Magnier, E. A. Price, P. A. TI Composite reverberation mapping SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: nuclei; quasars: emission lines; quasars: general; galaxies: Seyfert ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; BLACK-HOLE MASSES; LINE REGION SIZES; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; DATA RELEASE; X-RAY; TARGET SELECTION; PAN-STARRS; QUASARS AB Reverberation mapping offers one of the best techniques for studying the inner regions of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs). It is based on cross-correlating continuum and emission-line light curves. New time-resolved optical surveys will produce well-sampled light curves for many thousands of QSOs. We explore the potential of stacking samples to produce composite cross-correlations for groups of objects that have well-sampled continuum light curves, but only a few (similar to 2) emission-line measurements. This technique exploits current and future wide-field optical monitoring surveys [e.g. Pan-STARRS, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST)] and the multiplexing capability of multi-object spectrographs (e.g. 2dF, Hectospec) to significantly reduce the observational expense of reverberation mapping, in particular at high redshift (0.5-2.5). We demonstrate the technique using simulated QSO light curves and explore the biases involved when stacking cross-correlations in some simplified situations. We show that stacked cross-correlations have smaller amplitude peaks compared to well-sampled correlation functions as the mean flux of the emission light curve is poorly constrained. However, the position of the peak remains intact. We find that there can be 'kinks' in stacked correlation functions due to different measurements contributing to different parts of the correlation function. While the magnitude of the kinks must be fitted for, their positions and relative strengths are known from the spectroscopic sampling distribution of the QSOs making the bias a one-parameter effect. We also find that the signal-to-noise ratio in the correlation functions for the stacked and well-sampled cases is comparable for the same number of continuum and emission-line measurement pairs. Using the Pan-STARRS Medium-Deep Survey (MDS) as a template, we show that cross-correlation lags should be measurable in a sample size of 500 QSOs that have weekly photometric monitoring and two spectroscopic observations. Finally, we apply the technique to a small sample (42) of QSOs that have light curves from the MDS. We find no indication of a peak in the stacked cross-correlation. A larger spectroscopic sample is required to produce robust reverberation lags. C1 [Fine, S.; Shanks, T.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Fine, S.] Univ Western Cape, Dept Phys, ZA-7535 Cape Town, South Africa. [Croom, S. M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Green, P.; Kelly, B. C.; Berger, E.; Chornock, R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Burgett, W. S.; Magnier, E. A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Price, P. A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Fine, S (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM stephen.fine@durham.ac.uk FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England; American Museum of Natural History; Astrophysical Institute Potsdam; University of Basel; University of Cambridge; Case Western Reserve University; University of Chicago; Drexel University; Fermilab; Institute for Advanced Study; Japan Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology; Korean Scientist Group; Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA); Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA); New Mexico State University; Ohio State University; University of Pittsburgh; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University; United States Naval Observatory; University of Washington; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate [NNX08AR22G] FX Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the US Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS web site is http://www.sdss.org/.; The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, University of Basel, University of Cambridge, Case Western Reserve University, University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, Ohio State University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory and the University of Washington.; The PS1 surveys have been made possible through contributions of the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, The Johns Hopkins University, Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, Queen's University Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Incorporated, the National Central University of Taiwan and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant no. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 427 IS 4 BP 2701 EP 2710 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21248.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 050ZI UT WOS:000312093200001 ER PT J AU Starling, RLC Page, KL Pe'er, A Beardmore, AP Osborne, JP AF Starling, R. L. C. Page, K. L. Pe'er, A. Beardmore, A. P. Osborne, J. P. TI A search for thermal X-ray signatures in gamma-ray bursts - I. Swift bursts with optical supernovae SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE X-rays: bursts ID GRB 060218/SN 2006AJ; SHOCK BREAKOUT; LIGHT CURVES; RED SUPERGIANT; NEUTRON-STAR; AFTERGLOWS; LONG; GRB-060614; DISCOVERY; EVOLUTION AB The X-ray spectra of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can generally be described by an absorbed power law. The landmark discovery of thermal X-ray emission in addition to the power law in the unusual GRB060218, followed by a similar discovery in GRB 100316D, showed that during the first thousand seconds after trigger the soft X-ray spectra can be complex. Both the origin and prevalence of such spectral components still evade understanding, particularly after the discovery of thermal X-ray emission in the classical GRB 090618. Possibly most importantly, these three objects are all associated with optical supernovae (SNe), begging the question of whether the thermal X-ray components could be a result of the GRB-SN connection, possibly in the shock breakout. We therefore performed a search for blackbody components in the early Swift X-ray spectra of 11 GRBs that have or may have associated optical SNe, accurately recovering the thermal components reported in the literature for GRBs 060218, 090618 and 100316D. We present the discovery of a cooling blackbody in GRB 101219B/SN2010ma, and in four further GRB-SNe we find an improvement in the fit with a blackbody which we deem possible blackbody candidates due to case-specific caveats. All the possible new blackbody components we report lie at the high end of the luminosity and radius distribution. GRB 101219B appears to bridge the gap between the low-luminosity and the classical GRB-SNe with thermal emission, and following the blackbody evolution we derive an expansion velocity for this source of the order of 0.4c. We discuss potential origins for the thermal X-ray emission in our sample, including a cocoon model which we find can accommodate the more extreme physical parameters implied by many of our model fits. C1 [Starling, R. L. C.; Page, K. L.; Beardmore, A. P.; Osborne, J. P.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Pe'er, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Starling, RLC (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM rlcs1@le.ac.uk FU Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowship; UK Space Agency for the Swift project FX We thank Claudio Pagani, Antonio de Ugarte Postigo and Klaas Wiersema for useful discussions. RLCS is supported by a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowship. KLP, APB and JPO acknowledge financial support from the UK Space Agency for the Swift project. This work made use of data supplied by the UK Swift Science Data Centre at the University of Leicester. NR 93 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 427 IS 4 BP 2950 EP 2964 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22116.x PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 050ZI UT WOS:000312093200021 ER PT J AU Bongiorno, A Merloni, A Brusa, M Magnelli, B Salvato, M Mignoli, M Zamorani, G Fiore, F Rosario, D Mainieri, V Hao, H Comastri, A Vignali, C Balestra, I Bardelli, S Berta, S Civano, F Kampczyk, P Le Floc'h, E Lusso, E Lutz, D Pozzetti, L Pozzi, F Riguccini, L Shankar, F Silverman, J AF Bongiorno, A. Merloni, A. Brusa, M. Magnelli, B. Salvato, M. Mignoli, M. Zamorani, G. Fiore, F. Rosario, D. Mainieri, V. Hao, H. Comastri, A. Vignali, C. Balestra, I. Bardelli, S. Berta, S. Civano, F. Kampczyk, P. Le Floc'h, E. Lusso, E. Lutz, D. Pozzetti, L. Pozzi, F. Riguccini, L. Shankar, F. Silverman, J. TI Accreting supermassive black holes in the COSMOS field and the connection to their host galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE catalogues; surveys; galaxies: active; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: fundamental parameters ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SIMILAR-TO 2; AGN LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; EVOLUTION SURVEY COSMOS; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; STELLAR MASS DENSITY; GOODS-MUSIC SAMPLE; X-RAY SURVEYS AB Using the wide multiband photometry available in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field, we explore the host galaxy properties of a large sample of active galactic nuclei (AGNs; similar to 1700 objects) with L-bol ranging from 10(43) to 10(47) erg s(-1), obtained by combining X-ray and optical spectroscopic selections. Based on a careful study of their spectral energy distributions, which have been parametrized using a two-component (AGN+galaxy) model fit, we have derived dust-corrected rest-frame magnitudes, colours and stellar masses of the obscured and unobscured AGN hosts up to high redshift (z less than or similar to 3). Moreover, for the sample of obscured AGNs, we have also derived reliable star formation rates (SFRs). We find that AGN hosts span a large range of stellar masses and SFRs. No colour-bimodality is seen at any redshift in the AGN hosts, which are found to be mainly massive, red galaxies. Once we have accounted for the colour-mass degeneracy in well-defined mass-matched samples, we find a residual (marginal) enhancement of the incidence of AGNs in redder galaxies with lower specific SFRs. We argue that this result might emerge because of our ability to properly account for AGN light contamination and dust extinction, compared to surveys with a more limited multiwavelength coverage. However, because these colour shifts are relatively small, systematic effects could still be considered responsible for some of the observed trends. Interestingly, we find that the probability for a galaxy to host a black hole that is growing at any given 'specific accretion rate' (i.e. the ratio of X-ray luminosity to the host stellar mass) is almost independent of the host galaxy mass, while it decreases as a power law with L-X/M-*. By analysing the normalization of such a probability distribution, we show how the incidence of AGNs increases with redshift as rapidly as (1 + z)(4), which closely resembles the overall evolution of the specific SFR of the entire galaxy population. We provide analytical fitting formulae that describe the probability of a galaxy of any mass (above the completeness limit of the COSMOS) to host an AGN of any given specific accretion rate as a function of redshift. These can be useful tools for theoretical studies of the growing population of black holes within galaxy evolution models. Although AGN activity and star formation in galaxies do appear to have a common triggering mechanism, at least in a statistical sense, within the COSMOS sample, we do not find any conclusive evidence to suggest that AGNs have a powerful influence on the star-forming properties of their host galaxies. C1 [Bongiorno, A.; Merloni, A.; Brusa, M.; Magnelli, B.; Salvato, M.; Rosario, D.; Balestra, I.; Berta, S.; Lutz, D.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Bongiorno, A.; Fiore, F.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [Mignoli, M.; Zamorani, G.; Comastri, A.; Vignali, C.; Bardelli, S.; Pozzi, F.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Mainieri, V.] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Hao, H.] SISSA, I-34136 Trieste, Italy. [Vignali, C.; Pozzetti, L.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Civano, F.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kampczyk, P.] ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Le Floc'h, E.; Riguccini, L.] CEA DSM CNRS Univ Paris Diderot, IRFU, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Lusso, E.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Shankar, F.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris, GEPI, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Silverman, J.] Univ Tokyo, IPMU, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. RP Bongiorno, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM angela.bongiorno@oa-roma.inaf.it RI Vignali, Cristian/J-4974-2012; Bardelli, Sandro/O-9369-2015; Mignoli, Marco/O-9426-2015; Comastri, Andrea/O-9543-2015; OI Fiore, Fabrizio/0000-0002-4031-4157; Vignali, Cristian/0000-0002-8853-9611; Bardelli, Sandro/0000-0002-8900-0298; Mignoli, Marco/0000-0002-9087-2835; Comastri, Andrea/0000-0003-3451-9970; Pozzetti, Lucia/0000-0001-7085-0412; Balestra, Italo/0000-0001-9660-894X; Bongiorno, Angela/0000-0002-0101-6624; Zamorani, Giovanni/0000-0002-2318-301X; Brusa, Marcella/0000-0002-5059-6848 FU INAF Fellowship Programme; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [HST-GO-09822]; ESA Member States; USA (NASA); European Southern Observatory under the Large Programme, Chile [175.A-0839]; Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie/Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt (BMWI/DLR) [FKZ 50 OX 0001]; Max-Planck Society; Heidenhain-Stiftung. In Italy; ASI-INAF [I/009/10/0, ASI/COFIS/WP3110, I/026/07/0]; INAF PRIN 'From the dawn of galaxy formation to the peak of the mass assembly' FX We thank the referee, Dr James Mullaney, for constructive comments that have helped to improve the manuscript and for the interesting discussion. We also thank R. Hyckox and K. Schawinski for useful discussions. AB is supported by the INAF Fellowship Programme. The HST COSMOS Treasury programme was supported through National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) grant HST-GO-09822. This work is mainly based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA Science Mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and the USA (NASA), and with the European Southern Observatory under the Large Programme 175.A-0839, Chile. In Germany, the XMM-Newton project is supported by the Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie/Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt (BMWI/DLR, FKZ 50 OX 0001), the Max-Planck Society and the Heidenhain-Stiftung. In Italy, the XMM-COSMOS project is supported by ASI-INAF grants I/009/10/0 and ASI/COFIS/WP3110, I/026/07/0. Part of this work was supported by INAF PRIN 2010 'From the dawn of galaxy formation to the peak of the mass assembly'. We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the entire COSMOS collaboration. More information on COSMOS is available at http://www.astro.caltech.edu/cosmos. NR 156 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 427 IS 4 BP 3103 EP 3133 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22089.x PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 050ZI UT WOS:000312093200033 ER PT J AU Green, DJ Richmond, BG Miran, SL AF Green, David J. Richmond, Brian G. Miran, Sara L. TI Mouse Shoulder Morphology Responds to Locomotor Activity and the Kinematic Differences of Climbing and Running SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID MYOSTATIN-DEFICIENT MICE; CHONDRAL MODELING THEORY; LATER STONE-AGE; BONE MASS; CORTICAL BONE; POSTCRANIAL ROBUSTICITY; BEHAVIORAL-MODIFICATION; MUS-MUSCULUS; EXERCISE; ONTOGENY AB Mechanical loads play a significant role in determining long bone shape and strength, but less work has explored how these loads influence flat bones like the scapula, which has been shown to vary with locomotor preference among primate taxa. Here, we tested the effects of voluntary running and climbing exercise in mice to examine how the mechanical loads borne from different locomotor patterns influence shoulder morphological development. Ninety-nine female wild-type mice were distributed equally among sedentary control, activity-wheel running, and vertical climbing experimental conditions. Running mice had the lowest body masses, larger intrinsic shoulder muscles, and the most pronounced differences in scapular size and shape relative to the other groups. Climbing mouse scapular morphology also differed significantly from the control individuals, but these differences were not as marked as those between the running and control mice. This might be attributable in part to greater levels of activity in the wheel-runners relative to the climbers. Additionally, climbing mice held their bodies closer to the substrate and maintained more flexed limbs and posterior hand positions compared with the kinematics of running. As a result, climbers differed significantly from both the running and control mice in developing a relatively broader infraspinous region, which is likely related to preferential recruitment of the infraspinatus and teres minor muscles to maintain flexed shoulder postures. The results of this study demonstrate that variation in activity level and type of locomotor regime over a significant portion of the life history influences muscle and bone development in the shoulder. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 9999B:621638, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Green, David J.] Midwestern Univ, Dept Anat, Downers Grove, IL 60515 USA. [Green, David J.; Richmond, Brian G.] Ctr Adv Study Hominid Paleobiol, Washington, DC USA. [Green, David J.; Richmond, Brian G.; Miran, Sara L.] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC USA. [Richmond, Brian G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Green, DJ (reprint author), Midwestern Univ, Dept Anat, 555 31st St, Downers Grove, IL 60515 USA. EM dgreen1@midwestern.edu FU Wenner-Gren Foundation; National Science Foundation IGERT [9987590]; NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement [BCS-0824552] FX Grant sponsor: Wenner-Gren Foundation; Grant sponsor: National Science Foundation IGERT; Grant number: 9987590; Grant sponsor: NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement; Grant number: BCS-0824552. NR 84 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-5007 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART B JI J. Exp. Zool. Part B PD DEC PY 2012 VL 318B IS 8 BP 621 EP 638 DI 10.1002/jez.b.22466 PG 18 WC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Zoology GA 048GJ UT WOS:000311898600004 PM 22907677 ER PT J AU O'Malley, RC Power, ML AF O'Malley, Robert C. Power, Michael L. TI Nutritional composition of actual and potential insect prey for the Kasekela chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pan troglodytes; predation; insectivory; nutrition; diet ID PAN-TROGLODYTES-VERUS; WILD CHIMPANZEES; EDIBLE INSECTS; BEE BROOD; TOOL-USE; HUMAN FOOD; GORILLAS; ECOLOGY; CONSUMPTION; TECHNOLOGY AB Humans, all great ape species, and some lesser apes consume insects. Insects can provide comparable nutritional yields to meat on a gram-for-gram basis and may serve as an important source of energy, fat, protein, minerals, and vitamins for hominoids. Although potential insect prey are abundant in ape habitats, patterns of insectivory are not consistent across species or populations. Efforts to understand these patterns are complicated by a lack of nutritional data. We collected samples of insects consumed by the Kasekela chimpanzee community of Gombe National Park, Tanzania, as well as of some insects found within the community range and ignored by these chimpanzees but known to be preyed upon by Pan elsewhere. We determined the gross energy (GE), estimated metabolizable energy (ME), fat, protein, fiber, and ash content of these samples following standard methodologies. We use these data to test the hypothesis that Kasekela chimpanzees choose insect prey (at least in part) based on energy and/or macronutrient content. On a fresh-weight, per-gram basis, the insect prey consumed by Kasekela chimpanzees had significantly higher fat and lower ash content than other assayed insects, and on a fresh-weight, per-foraging-unit (per-insect, per-dip, or per-nest) basis were significantly higher in GE, fat, and protein. On a per-gram basis, the assayed insects were generally comparable in energy and macronutrients to wild vertebrate meat. We conclude that Kasekela chimpanzees do favor insects that are high in energy, fat, and protein, and that the potential macronutrient yields from some forms of insectivory are not trivial. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [O'Malley, Robert C.] Kenyon Coll, Dept Anthropol, Gambier, OH 43022 USA. [Power, Michael L.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Nutr Lab, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. [Power, Michael L.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Conservat Ecol Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP O'Malley, RC (reprint author), Kenyon Coll, Dept Anthropol, Palme House, Gambier, OH 43022 USA. EM omalleyrc@gmail.com OI Power, Michael/0000-0002-6120-3528 FU USC Joint Initiative Merit Fellowship; USC International Field Research Award; USC Summer Dissertation and Writing Award; USC Gold Family Fellowship; USC Jane Goodall Center Research Award; USC Integrative and Evolutionary Biology Merit Award; Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute; Tanzania National Parks; Gombe National Park; Jane Goodall Institute-Tanzania FX Grant sponsors: USC Joint Initiative Merit Fellowship; USC International Field Research Award; USC Summer Dissertation and Writing Award; USC Gold Family Fellowship; USC Jane Goodall Center Research Award; USC Integrative and Evolutionary Biology Merit Award.; Samson Pindu provided invaluable assistance in the field. Michael Jakubasz provided training for the nutritional assays. Interns Julie Behler and Christina Petzinger completed a subset of the assays. Dr. Francisco Hita Garcia, Dr. Caspar Schoning, and Dr. Rudolf Scheffrahn shared their expertise in insect identification. We thank the Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, the Tanzania National Parks, Gombe National Park, and the Jane Goodall Institute-Tanzania for their permission and support for this research, conducted under COSTECH permit 2009-229-ER-2007-188. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and critiques. NR 84 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-9483 EI 1096-8644 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 149 IS 4 BP 493 EP 503 DI 10.1002/ajpa.22151 PG 11 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 039ID UT WOS:000311237400002 PM 23115107 ER PT J AU Barnett, AA Boyle, SA Norconk, MM Palminteri, S Santos, RR Veiga, LM Alvim, THG Bowler, M Chism, J Di Fiore, A Fernandez-Duque, E Guimaraes, ACP Harrison-Levine, A Haugaasen, T Lehman, S Mackinnon, KC De Melo, FR Moreira, LS Moura, VS Phillips, CR Pinto, LP Port-Carvalho, M Setz, EZF Shaffer, C Da Silva, IR Da Silva, SDSB Soares, RF Thompson, CL Vieira, TM Vreedzaam, A Walker-Pacheco, SE Spironello, WR Maclarnon, A Ferrari, SF AF Barnett, Adrian A. Boyle, Sarah A. Norconk, Marilyn M. Palminteri, Suzanne Santos, Ricardo R. Veiga, Liza M. Alvim, Thiago H. G. Bowler, Mark Chism, Janice Di Fiore, Anthony Fernandez-Duque, Eduardo Guimaraes, Ana C. P. Harrison-Levine, Amy Haugaasen, Torbjorn Lehman, Shawn Mackinnon, Katherine C. De Melo, Fabiano R. Moreira, Leandro S. Moura, Viviane S. Phillips, Carson R. Pinto, Liliam P. Port-Carvalho, Marcio Setz, Eleonore Z. F. Shaffer, Christopher Da Silva, Ivia Rodrigues Da Silva, Suleima Do S. B. Soares, Rafaela F. Thompson, Cynthia L. Vieira, Tatiana M. Vreedzaam, Arioene Walker-Pacheco, Suzanne E. Spironello, Wilson R. Maclarnon, Ann Ferrari, Stephen F. TI Terrestrial Activity in Pitheciins (Cacajao, Chiropotes, and Pithecia) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE behavior; pitheciids; primates; terrestrial ID EASTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA; NEW-WORLD MONKEYS; SPIDER MONKEYS; BEARDED SAKIS; HABITAT USE; SATANAS-CHIROPOTES; SAIMIRI-SCIUREUS; PREDATION RISK; SEED-PREDATOR; RAIN-FOREST AB Neotropical monkeys of the genera Cacajao, Chiropotes, and Pithecia (Pitheciidae) are considered to be highly arboreal, spending most of their time feeding and traveling in the upper canopy. Until now, the use of terrestrial substrates has not been analyzed in detail in this group. Here, we review the frequency of terrestrial use among pitheciin taxa to determine the ecological and social conditions that might lead to such behavior. We collated published and unpublished data from 14 taxa in the three genera. Data were gleaned from 53 published studies (including five on multiple pitheciin genera) and personal communications of unpublished data distributed across 31 localities. Terrestrial activity was reported in 61% of Pithecia field studies (11 of 18), in 34% of Chiropotes studies (10 of 29), and 36% of Cacajao studies (4 of 11). Within Pithecia, terrestrial behavior was more frequently reported in smaller species (e.g. P. pithecia) that are vertical clingers and leapers and make extensive use of the understory than in in the larger bodied canopy dwellers of the western Amazon (e.g. P. irrorata). Terrestrial behavior in Pithecia also occurred more frequently and lasted longer than in Cacajao or Chiropotes. An apparent association was found between flooded habitats and terrestrial activity and there is evidence of the development of a local pattern of terrestrial use in some populations. Seasonal fruit availability also may stimulate terrestrial behavior. Individuals also descended to the ground when visiting mineral licks, escaping predators, and responding to accidents such as a dropped infant. Overall, the results of this review emphasize that terrestrial use is rare among the pitheciins in general and is usually associated with the exploitation of specific resources or habitat types. Am. J. Primatol. 74:1106-1127, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Barnett, Adrian A.; Maclarnon, Ann] Roehampton Univ, CREEA, London SW15 4JD, England. [Barnett, Adrian A.; Spironello, Wilson R.] Natl Inst Amazonian Res, Biodivers Unit, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Boyle, Sarah A.] Rhodes Coll, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. [Boyle, Sarah A.] Natl Inst Amazonian Res, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Boyle, Sarah A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Norconk, Marilyn M.] Kent State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Palminteri, Suzanne] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Evolut Ecol & Conservat, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Santos, Ricardo R.] Univ Fed Maranhao, Ctr Agrarian & Environm Sci, Chapadinha, Maranhao, Brazil. [Veiga, Liza M.] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Postgrad Program Zool, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Veiga, Liza M.] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Dept Zool, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Alvim, Thiago H. G.; De Melo, Fabiano R.] Univ Fed Goias, Res Aid Fdn, Goiania, Go, Brazil. [Bowler, Mark] Univ St Andrews, Dept Psychol, St Andrews, Scotland. [Chism, Janice] Winthrop Univ, Dept Biol, Rock Hill, SC 29733 USA. [Di Fiore, Anthony] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Anthropol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Fernandez-Duque, Eduardo] Univ Penn, Dept Anthropol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Harrison-Levine, Amy] Univ Colorado, Dept Anthropol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lehman, Shawn] Univ Toronto, Dept Anthropol, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Mackinnon, Katherine C.] St Louis Univ, Dept Sociol & Criminal Justice, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Phillips, Carson R.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pinto, Liliam P.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Postgrad Ecol Course, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Pinto, Liliam P.] Chico Inst Biodivers Conservat, Natl Ctr Amazonian Biodivers Res & Conservat, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Port-Carvalho, Marcio] Bauru Expt Stn, Sao Paulo Forestry Inst, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Setz, Eleonore Z. F.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Anim Biol Dept, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Shaffer, Christopher] Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Da Silva, Suleima Do S. B.] Univ Fed Amazonas, Dept Biol, Postgrad Sch, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Da Silva, Suleima Do S. B.] Fed Univ Para, Inst Biol Sci, Wild Anim Reprod Lab, BR-66059 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Thompson, Cynthia L.] NE Ohio Med Univ, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Rootstown, OH USA. [Vreedzaam, Arioene] Univ Suriname Campus, Adv Teachers Training Inst Suriname, Paramaribo, Surinam. [Walker-Pacheco, Suzanne E.] Missouri State Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Springfield, MO USA. [Ferrari, Stephen F.] Univ Fed Sergipe, Dept Biol, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil. RP Barnett, AA (reprint author), Roehampton Univ, CREEA, Holybourne Ave, London SW15 4JD, England. EM adrian.barnett1.biology@gmail.com RI Setz, Eleonore/C-1050-2012; Melo, Fabiano/C-9061-2013; Haugaasen, Torbjorn/I-2663-2013; OI Setz, Eleonore/0000-0001-7638-7086; Haugaasen, Torbjorn/0000-0003-0901-5324; MacLarnon, Ann/0000-0003-2722-4998 NR 126 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 74 IS 12 BP 1106 EP 1127 DI 10.1002/ajp.22068 PG 22 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 041EA UT WOS:000311378500006 PM 22930419 ER PT J AU Dirienzo, WJ Indebetouw, R Brogan, C Cyganowski, CJ Churchwell, E Friesen, RK AF Dirienzo, William J. Indebetouw, Remy Brogan, Crystal Cyganowski, Claudia J. Churchwell, Ed Friesen, Rachel K. TI TESTING TRIGGERED STAR FORMATION IN SIX H II REGIONS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE H II regions; ISM: bubbles; stars: formation; stars: protostars ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; RADIATION-DRIVEN IMPLOSION; BUBBLING GALACTIC DISK; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; MILKY-WAY PROJECT; MOLECULAR CLOUD; HII-REGIONS; FORMING REGIONS; GLIMPSE SURVEY AB We investigated six H II regions with infrared, bright rimmed bubble or cometary morphology, in search of quantitative evidence for triggered star formation, both collect and collapse and radiatively driven implosion (RDI). We identified and classified 458 young stellar objects (YSOs) in and around the H II regions. YSOs were determined by fitting a collection of radiative transfer model spectral energy distributions to infrared photometry for a large sample of point sources. We determined areas where there exist enhanced populations of relatively unevolved YSOs on the bright rims of these regions, suggesting that star formation has been triggered there. We further investigated the physical properties of the regions by using radio continuum emission as a proxy for ionizing flux powering the H II regions, and (CO)-C-13 (1-0) observations to measure masses and gravitational stability of molecular clumps. We used an analytical model of collect and collapse triggered star formation, as well as a simulation of RDI, and thus we compare the observed properties of the molecular gas with those predicted in the triggering scenarios. Notably, those regions in our sample that show evidence of cometary, or "blister," morphology are more likely to show evidence of triggering. C1 [Dirienzo, William J.; Indebetouw, Remy] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Indebetouw, Remy; Brogan, Crystal; Friesen, Rachel K.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Cyganowski, Claudia J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Churchwell, Ed] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Friesen, Rachel K.] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. RP Dirienzo, WJ (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, POB 3818, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM dirienzo@virginia.edu FU NASA; JPL/Caltech; NSF [AST-1003134]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation [AST-9800334, AST-0098562, AST-0100793]; Jefferson Scholars Foundation at the University of Virginia FX This work is based (in part) on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. Claudia J. Cyganowski is supported by an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship under award AST-1003134. This publication makes use of data products from the 2MASS, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This publication makes use of molecular line data from the Boston University-FCRAO Galactic Ring Survey (GRS). The GRS is a joint project of Boston University and Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory, funded by the National Science Foundation under grants AST-9800334, AST-0098562, and AST-0100793. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. This research has made use of SAOImage DS9, developed by Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This work was funded in part by the Jefferson Scholars Foundation at the University of Virginia. NR 85 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 144 IS 6 AR 173 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/144/6/173 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 038HI UT WOS:000311165400016 ER PT J AU Lacy, CHS Torres, G Claret, A AF Lacy, Claud H. Sandberg Torres, Guillermo Claret, Antonio TI ABSOLUTE PROPERTIES OF THE TRIPLE STAR CF TAURI SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: eclipsing; binaries: spectroscopic; stars: fundamental parameters; stars: individual (CF Tau) ID ACTIVE BINARY STARS; ECLIPSING BINARIES; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; LIGHT CURVES; BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS; STELLAR EVOLUTION; TIDAL-EVOLUTION; Y-2 ISOCHRONES; SYSTEMS; CATALOG AB CF Tau is now known to be an eclipsing triple star with relatively deep total and annular eclipses. New light and radial velocity curves as well as new times of minima were obtained and used for further modeling of the system. Very accurate (better than 0.9%) masses and radii of the eclipsing pair are determined from analysis of the two new light curves, the radial velocity curve, and the times of minimum light. The mass and luminosity of the distant third component is accurately determined as well. Theoretical models of the detached, evolved eclipsing pair match the observed absolute properties of the stars at an age of about 4.3 Gyr and [Fe/H] = -0.14. C1 [Lacy, Claud H. Sandberg] Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Torres, Guillermo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Claret, Antonio] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. RP Lacy, CHS (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM clacy@uark.edu; gtorres@cfa.harvard.edu; claret@iaa.es FU NSF [AST-10-07992] FX The authors thank Bill Neely who operates and maintains the NFO WebScope for the Consortium, and who handles preliminary processing of the images and their distribution. We are grateful to P. Berlind, M. Calkins, R. Davis, G. Esquerdo, T. Fleming, E. Horine, D. Latham, L. Marshall, R. Mathieu, J. Peters, and R. Stefanik for help in obtaining the spectroscopic observations used here. G. T. acknowledges partial support for this work from NSF grant AST-10-07992. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 144 IS 6 AR 167 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/144/6/167 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 038HI UT WOS:000311165400010 ER PT J AU Megeath, ST Gutermuth, R Muzerolle, J Kryukova, E Flaherty, K Hora, JL Allen, LE Hartmann, L Myers, PC Pipher, JL Stauffer, J Young, ET Fazio, GG AF Megeath, S. T. Gutermuth, R. Muzerolle, J. Kryukova, E. Flaherty, K. Hora, J. L. Allen, L. E. Hartmann, L. Myers, P. C. Pipher, J. L. Stauffer, J. Young, E. T. Fazio, G. G. TI THE SPITZER SPACE TELESCOPE SURVEY OF THE ORION A AND B MOLECULAR CLOUDS. I. A CENSUS OF DUSTY YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS AND A STUDY OF THEIR MID-INFRARED VARIABILITY SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared: stars; ISM: individual objects (Orion A, Orion B); stars: formation; stars: variables: T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be ID MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; T-TAURI STARS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; NEBULA CLUSTER; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; TRAPEZIUM CLUSTER; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION AB We present a survey of the Orion A and B molecular clouds undertaken with the IRAC and MIPS instruments on board Spitzer. In total, five distinct fields were mapped, covering 9 deg(2) in five mid-IR bands spanning 3-24 mu m. The survey includes the Orion Nebula Cluster, the Lynds 1641, 1630, and 1622 dark clouds, and the NGC 2023, 2024, 2068, and 2071 nebulae. These data are merged with the Two Micron All Sky Survey point source catalog to generate a catalog of eight-band photometry. We identify 3479 dusty young stellar objects (YSOs) in the Orion molecular clouds by searching for point sources with mid-IR colors indicative of reprocessed light from dusty disks or infalling envelopes. The YSOs are subsequently classified on the basis of their mid-IR colors and their spatial distributions are presented. We classify 2991 of the YSOs as pre-main-sequence stars with disks and 488 as likely protostars. Most of the sources were observed with IRAC in two to three epochs over six months; we search for variability between the epochs by looking for correlated variability in the 3.6 and 4.5 mu m bands. We find that 50% of the dusty YSOs show variability. The variations are typically small (similar to 0.2 mag) with the protostars showing a higher incidence of variability and larger variations. The observed correlations between the 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8 mu m variability suggests that we are observing variations in the heating of the inner disk due to changes in the accretion luminosity or rotating accretion hot spots. C1 [Megeath, S. T.; Kryukova, E.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43560 USA. [Gutermuth, R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Muzerolle, J.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Flaherty, K.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hora, J. L.; Myers, P. C.; Fazio, G. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Allen, L. E.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Hartmann, L.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Pipher, J. L.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Stauffer, J.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Young, E. T.] NASA, SOFIA Univ Space Res Assoc, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Megeath, ST (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43560 USA. EM megeath@physics.utoledo.edu OI Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [960541, 960785]; National Science Foundation FX This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis. Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. This work received support through that provided to the IRAC and MIPS instruments by NASA through contracts 960541 and 960785, respectively, issued by JPL. Support for this work was also provided by NASA through awards to STM and JLP issued by JPL/Caltech. NR 85 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 144 IS 6 AR 192 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/144/6/192 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 038HI UT WOS:000311165400035 ER PT J AU Brickhouse, NS Cranmer, SR Dupree, AK Gunther, HM Luna, GJM Wolk, SJ AF Brickhouse, N. S. Cranmer, S. R. Dupree, A. K. Guenther, H. M. Luna, G. J. M. Wolk, S. J. TI X-RAY DETERMINATION OF THE VARIABLE RATE OF MASS ACCRETION ONTO TW HYDRAE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars: formation; stars: individual (TW Hydrae); techniques: spectroscopic; X-rays: stars ID TAURI-STARS; LINE DIAGNOSTICS; DISK ACCRETION; EMISSION; SHOCK; WINDS; HYA; SPECTROSCOPY; VARIABILITY; ABSORPTION AB Diagnostics of electron temperature (T-e), electron density (n(e)), and hydrogen column density (N-H) from the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating spectrum of He-like Ne IX in TW Hydrae (TW Hya), in conjunction with a classical accretion model, allow us to infer the accretion rate onto the star directly from measurements of the accreting material. The new method introduces the use of the absorption of Ne IX lines as a measure of the column density of the intervening, accreting material. On average, the derived mass accretion rate for TW Hya is 1.5 x 10(-9) M-circle dot yr(-1), for a stellar magnetic field strength of 600 G and a filling factor of 3.5%. Three individual Chandra exposures show statistically significant differences in the Ne IX line ratios, indicating changes in NH, Te, and ne by factors of 0.28, 1.6, and 1.3, respectively. In exposures separated by 2.7 days, the observations reported here suggest a five-fold reduction in the accretion rate. This powerful new technique promises to substantially improve our understanding of the accretion process in young stars. C1 [Brickhouse, N. S.; Cranmer, S. R.; Dupree, A. K.; Guenther, H. M.; Luna, G. J. M.; Wolk, S. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Brickhouse, NS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Gunther, Hans Moritz/0000-0003-4243-2840; Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473; Wolk, Scott/0000-0002-0826-9261 FU NASA [GO7-8018X, NAS8-03060, NNG04GE77G, GO-12315.01] FX ` We acknowledge support from NASA to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) under Chandra GO7-8018X for G.J.M.L. N.S.B. and S.J.W. were supported by NASA contract NAS8-03060 to SAO for the Chandra X-ray Center. S.R.C.'s contribution to this work was supported by NASA grant NNG04GE77G to SAO. Support for H.M.G.'s contribution was provided through HST grant GO-12315.01 from NASA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 2 AR L21 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/760/2/L21 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 037KM UT WOS:000311103000002 ER PT J AU Currie, T Debes, J Rodigas, TJ Burrows, A Itoh, Y Fukagawa, M Kenyon, SJ Kuchner, M Matsumura, S AF Currie, Thayne Debes, John Rodigas, Timothy J. Burrows, Adam Itoh, Yoichi Fukagawa, Misato Kenyon, Scott J. Kuchner, Marc Matsumura, Soko TI DIRECT IMAGING CONFIRMATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A DUST-ENSHROUDED CANDIDATE EXOPLANET ORBITING FOMALHAUT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars: individual: (Fomalhaut) ID HR 8799 B; MU-M; PLANETARY SYSTEM; BROWN DWARFS; IMAGES; MASS; INCLINATION; TELESCOPE; COMPANION; MODELS AB We present Subaru/IRCS J-band data for Fomalhaut and a (re) reduction of archival 2004-2006 HST/ACS data first presented by Kalas et al. We confirm the existence of a candidate exoplanet, Fomalhaut b, in both the 2004 and 2006 F606W data sets at a high signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, we confirm the detection at F814W and present a new detection in F435W. Fomalhaut b's space motion may be consistent with it being in an apsidally aligned, non-debris ring-crossing orbit, although new astrometry is required for firmer conclusions. We cannot confirm that Fomalhaut b exhibits 0.7-0.8 mag variability cited as evidence for planet accretion or a semi-transient dust cloud. The new, combined optical spectral energy distribution and IR upper limits confirm that emission identifying Fomalhaut b originates from starlight scattered by small dust, but this dust is most likely associated with a massive body. The Subaru and IRAC/4.5 mu m upper limits imply M < 2 M-J, still consistent with the range of Fomalhaut b masses needed to sculpt the disk. Fomalhaut b is very plausibly "a planet identified from direct imaging" even if current images of it do not, strictly speaking, show thermal emission from a directly imaged planet. C1 [Currie, Thayne] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Currie, Thayne; Kuchner, Marc] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Stellar & Exoplanets Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Debes, John] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Rodigas, Timothy J.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. [Burrows, Adam] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Itoh, Yoichi] Univ Hyogo, Nishi Harima Observ, Kobe, Hyogo 6500044, Japan. [Fukagawa, Misato] Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Osaka, Japan. [Kenyon, Scott J.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA USA. [Matsumura, Soko] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Currie, T (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM currie@astro.utoronto.ca OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 32 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 2 AR L32 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/760/2/L32 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 037KM UT WOS:000311103000013 ER PT J AU Cyganowski, CJ Brogan, CL Hunter, TR Zhang, Q Friesen, RK Indebetouw, R Chandler, CJ AF Cyganowski, C. J. Brogan, C. L. Hunter, T. R. Zhang, Q. Friesen, R. K. Indebetouw, R. Chandler, C. J. TI THE PROTOCLUSTER G18.67+0.03: A TEST CASE FOR CLASS I CH3OH MASERS AS EVOLUTIONARY INDICATORS FOR MASSIVE STAR FORMATION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ISM: individual objects (G18.67+0.03); ISM: jets and outflows; ISM: molecules; masers; stars: formation; techniques: interferometric ID EXTENDED GREEN OBJECTS; METHANOL MASERS; FORMING REGIONS; LARGE ARRAY; GLIMPSE SURVEY; OUTFLOW; EGOS; ULTRACOMPACT; CATALOG; G5.89-0.39 AB We present high angular resolution Submillimeter Array and Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array observations of the massive protocluster G18.67+0.03. Previously targeted in maser surveys of GLIMPSE Extended Green Objects (EGOs), this cluster contains three Class I CH3OH maser sources, providing a unique opportunity to test the proposed role of Class I masers as evolutionary indicators for massive star formation. The millimeter observations reveal bipolar molecular outflows, traced by (CO)-C-13(2-1) emission, associated with all three Class I maser sources. Two of these sources (including the EGO) are also associated with 6.7 GHz Class II CH3OH masers; the Class II masers are coincident with millimeter continuum cores that exhibit hot core line emission and drive active outflows, as indicated by the detection of SiO(5-4). In these cases, the Class I masers are coincident with outflow lobes, and appear as clear cases of excitation by active outflows. In contrast, the third Class I source is associated with an ultracompact (UC) H II region, and not with Class II masers. The lack of SiO emission suggests that the 13CO outflow is a relic, consistent with its longer dynamical timescale. Our data show that massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) associated only with Class I masers are not necessarily young and provide the first unambiguous evidence that Class I masers may be excited by both young (hot core) and older (UC H II) MYSOs within the same protocluster. C1 [Cyganowski, C. J.; Zhang, Q.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Brogan, C. L.; Hunter, T. R.; Friesen, R. K.; Indebetouw, R.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Indebetouw, R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Chandler, C. J.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Friesen, R. K.] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. RP Cyganowski, CJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ccyganowski@cfa.harvard.edu FU NSF AAPF [AST-1003134] FX This research made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services, APLpy, an open-source plotting package for Python hosted at http://aplpy.github.com,and the myXCLASS program (http://www.astro.uni-koeln.de/projects/schilke/XCLASS), which accesses the CDMS (http://www.cdms.de) and JPL (http://spec.jpl.nasa.gov) molecular databases. C.J. Cyganowski is supported by an NSF AAPF under award AST-1003134. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 2 AR L20 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/760/2/L20 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 037KM UT WOS:000311103000001 ER PT J AU Ivanova, N Fragos, T Kim, DW Fabbiano, G Nandez, JLA Lombardi, JC Sivakoff, GR Voss, R Jordan, A AF Ivanova, N. Fragos, T. Kim, D. -W. Fabbiano, G. Nandez, J. L. Avendano Lombardi, J. C. Sivakoff, G. R. Voss, R. Jordan, A. TI ON THE ORIGIN OF THE METALLICITY DEPENDENCE IN DYNAMICALLY FORMED EXTRAGALACTIC LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE binaries: close; globular clusters: general; X-rays: binaries ID GLOBULAR-CLUSTER CONNECTION; DENSE STAR-CLUSTERS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; STELLAR COLLISIONS; EVOLUTION; SYSTEMS; CHANDRA; MODELS AB Globular clusters (GCs) effectively produce dynamically formed low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). Observers detect similar to 100 times more LMXBs per stellar mass in GCs compared to stars in the fields of galaxies. Observationally, metal-rich GCs are about three times more likely to contain an X-ray source than their metal-poor counterparts. Recent observations have shown that this ratio holds in extragalactic GCs for all bright X-ray sources with L-X between 2 x 10(37) and 5 x 10(38) erg s(-1). In this Letter, we propose that the observed metallicity dependence of LMXBs in extragalactic GCs can be explained by the differences in the number densities and average masses of red giants in populations of different metallicities. Red giants serve as seeds for the dynamical production of bright LMXBs via two channels-binary exchanges and physical collisions-and the increase of the number densities and masses of red giants boost LMXB production, leading to the observed difference. We also discuss a possible effect of the age difference in stellar populations of different metallicities. C1 [Ivanova, N.; Nandez, J. L. Avendano; Sivakoff, G. R.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. [Fragos, T.; Kim, D. -W.; Fabbiano, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lombardi, J. C.] Allegheny Coll, Dept Phys, Meadville, PA 16335 USA. [Voss, R.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Jordan, A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 7820436, Chile. [Jordan, A.] Milky Way Millennium Nucleus, Santiago 7820436, Chile. RP Ivanova, N (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. EM nata.ivanova@ualberta.ca RI Sivakoff, Gregory/G-9602-2011; Fragos, Tassos/A-3581-2016; OI Sivakoff, Gregory/0000-0001-6682-916X; Fragos, Tassos/0000-0003-1474-1523; Jordan, Andres/0000-0002-5389-3944 FU NSERC Discovery Grants; CfA prize fellowship program; ITC prize fellowship program; NASA [NAS8-39073]; CONACyT; Chilean Ministry for the Economy, Development, and Tourism's Programa Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio [P07-021-F]; National Science Foundation [1066293]; hospitality of the Aspen Center for Physics FX N.I. and G.R.S. acknowledge support by NSERC Discovery Grants. T.F. acknowledges support from the CfA and the ITC prize fellowship programs. D.-W.K. and G.F. acknowledge support from NASA contract NAS8-39073 (CXC). J.L.A.N. acknowledges support from CONACyT. A.J. is supported by the Chilean Ministry for the Economy, Development, and Tourism's Programa Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio through grant P07-021-F, awarded to The Milky Way Millennium Nucleus. This material is based on work supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant No. 1066293 and the hospitality of the Aspen Center for Physics. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 2 AR L24 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/760/2/L24 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 037KM UT WOS:000311103000005 ER PT J AU Dunn, AM Torchin, ME Hatcher, MJ Kotanen, PM Blumenthal, DM Byers, JE Coon, CAC Frankel, VM Holt, RD Hufbauer, RA Kanarek, AR Schierenbeck, KA Wolfe, LM Perkins, SE AF Dunn, Alison M. Torchin, Mark E. Hatcher, Melanie J. Kotanen, Peter M. Blumenthal, Dana M. Byers, James E. Coon, Courtney A. C. Frankel, Victor M. Holt, Robert D. Hufbauer, Ruth A. Kanarek, Andrew R. Schierenbeck, Kristina A. Wolfe, Lorne M. Perkins, Sarah E. TI Indirect effects of parasites in invasions SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE biological invasion; density-mediated indirect effect; indirect effect; parasitic infection; trait-mediated indirect effect ID INCREASED COMPETITIVE ABILITY; PHORID FLY PARASITOIDS; MEDIATED INTERACTIONS; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; APPARENT COMPETITION; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; NEGLECTED CONCEPT AB 1. Introduced species disrupt native communities and biodiversity worldwide. Parasitic infections (and at times, their absence) are thought to be a key component in the success and impact of biological invasions by plants and animals. They can facilitate or limit invasions, and positively or negatively impact native species. 2. Parasites have not only direct effects on their hosts, but also indirect effects on the species with which their hosts interact. Indirect effects include density-mediated effects (resulting from parasite-induced reduction in host reproduction and survival) as well as trait-mediated indirect effects (resulting from parasite-induced changes in host phenotype, behaviour or life history). These effects are not mutually exclusive but often interact. 3. The importance of these indirect interactions for invasion success, and the extent to which these effects ramify throughout communities and influence ecosystems undergoing biological invasion provide the focus of our review. Examples from the animal and plant literature illustrate the importance of parasites in mediating both competitive and consumerresource interactions between native and invasive species. 4. Parasites are involved in indirect interactions at all trophic levels. Furthermore, the indirect effects of parasitic infection are important at a range of biological scales from within a host to the whole ecosystem in determining invasion success and impact. 5. To understand the importance of parasitic infection in invasion success and in the outcomes for invaded communities requires an interdisciplinary approach by ecologists and parasitologists, across animal and plant systems. Future research should develop a framework integrating community ecology, evolution and immunology to better understand and manage the spread of invasive species and their diseases. C1 [Dunn, Alison M.; Hatcher, Melanie J.] Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Torchin, Mark E.; Frankel, Victor M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 084303092, Ancon, Panama. [Hatcher, Melanie J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol BS8 1UG, Avon, England. [Kotanen, Peter M.] Univ Toronto Mississauga, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Blumenthal, Dana M.] ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Byers, James E.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Coon, Courtney A. C.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Frankel, Victor M.] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Frankel, Victor M.] McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Holt, Robert D.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hufbauer, Ruth A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Managemen, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hufbauer, Ruth A.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kanarek, Andrew R.] Univ Tennessee, Natl Inst Math & Biol Synth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Schierenbeck, Kristina A.] Calif State Univ Chico, Dept Biol Sci, Chico, CA 95929 USA. [Wolfe, Lorne M.] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Perkins, Sarah E.] Cardiff Sch Biosci, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. RP Dunn, AM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM a.dunn@leeds.ac.uk RI Perkins, Sarah/B-1817-2010; OI Perkins, Sarah/0000-0002-7457-2699; Dunn, Alison/0000-0002-4855-1077; Kotanen, Peter/0000-0002-7842-8715 FU Global Invasions Network NSF RCN [DEB-0541673]; NERC [NE/G015201/1, NE/J00630/1]; FP7 Intra-European Fellowship; NSERC; National Science Foundation [DEB 0349553]; NSF [EF-0832858]; NIH [GM-083192] FX We thank the British Ecological Society and the Global Invasions Network NSF RCN DEB-0541673 for supporting research meetings that stimulated this collaboration. AD and MJH acknowledge support from NERC (NE/G015201/1 and NE/J00630/1). SEP is supported by an FP7 Intra-European Fellowship. PMK is supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant. LMW is supported by The National Science Foundation DEB 0349553. ARK is supported through NSF Award #EF-0832858. RDH acknowledges the University of Florida Foundation and NIH (GM-083192). NR 114 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 13 U2 300 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1262 EP 1274 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.02041.x PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 041WY UT WOS:000311433600005 ER PT J AU Banin, L Feldpausch, TR Phillips, OL Baker, TR Lloyd, J Affum-Baffoe, K Arets, EJMM Berry, NJ Bradford, M Brienen, RJW Davies, S Drescher, M Higuchi, N Hilbert, DW Hladik, A Iida, Y Abu Salim, K Kassim, AR King, DA Lopez-Gonzalez, G Metcalfe, D Nilus, R Peh, KSH Reitsma, JM Sonke, B Taedoumg, H Tan, S White, L Woll, H Lewis, SL AF Banin, L. Feldpausch, T. R. Phillips, O. L. Baker, T. R. Lloyd, J. Affum-Baffoe, K. Arets, E. J. M. M. Berry, N. J. Bradford, M. Brienen, R. J. W. Davies, S. Drescher, M. Higuchi, N. Hilbert, D. W. Hladik, A. Iida, Y. Abu Salim, K. Kassim, A. R. King, D. A. Lopez-Gonzalez, G. Metcalfe, D. Nilus, R. Peh, K. S. -H. Reitsma, J. M. Sonke, B. Taedoumg, H. Tan, S. White, L. Woell, H. Lewis, S. L. TI What controls tropical forest architecture? Testing environmental, structural and floristic drivers SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Allometry; architecture; Dipterocarpaceae; ecology; Fabaceae; function; height-diameter; maximum height; structure; tropical moist forest ID RAIN-FOREST; TREE HEIGHT; MECHANICAL CONSTRAINTS; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; LIFE-HISTORY; ALLOMETRY; GROWTH; MORTALITY; CLIMATE; DEATH AB Aim To test the extent to which the vertical structure of tropical forests is determined by environment, forest structure or biogeographical history. Location Pan-tropical. Methods Using height and diameter data from 20,497 trees in 112 non-contiguous plots, asymptotic maximum height (H AM) and heightdiameter relationships were computed with nonlinear mixed effects (NLME) models to: (1) test for environmental and structural causes of differences among plots, and (2) test if there were continental differences once environment and structure were accounted for; persistence of differences may imply the importance of biogeography for vertical forest structure. NLME analyses for floristic subsets of data (only/excluding Fabaceae and only/excluding Dipterocarpaceae individuals) were used to examine whether family-level patterns revealed biogeographical explanations of cross-continental differences. Results H AM and allometry were significantly different amongst continents. H AM was greatest in Asian forests (58.3 +/- 7.5?m, 95% CI), followed by forests in Africa (45.1 +/- 2.6?m), America (35.8 +/- 6.0?m) and Australia (35.0 +/- 7.4?m), and heightdiameter relationships varied similarly; for a given diameter, stems were tallest in Asia, followed by Africa, America and Australia. Precipitation seasonality, basal area, stem density, solar radiation and wood density each explained some variation in allometry and H AM yet continental differences persisted even after these were accounted for. Analyses using floristic subsets showed that significant continental differences in H AM and allometry persisted in all cases. Main conclusions Tree allometry and maximum height are altered by environmental conditions, forest structure and wood density. Yet, even after accounting for these, tropical forest architecture varies significantly from continent to continent. The greater stature of tropical forests in Asia is not directly determined by the dominance of the family Dipterocarpaceae, as on average non-dipterocarps are equally tall. We hypothesise that dominant large-statured families create conditions in which only tall species can compete, thus perpetuating a forest dominated by tall individuals from diverse families. C1 [Banin, L.; Feldpausch, T. R.; Phillips, O. L.; Baker, T. R.; Lloyd, J.; Berry, N. J.; Brienen, R. J. W.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Peh, K. S. -H.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Banin, L.] Univ Ulster, Sch Environm Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. [Lloyd, J.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci TESS, Cairns, Qld, Australia. [Lloyd, J.] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Cairns, Qld, Australia. [Affum-Baffoe, K.] Forestry Commiss Ghana, Kumasi, Ghana. [Arets, E. J. M. M.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Alterra, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Berry, N. J.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Bradford, M.; Hilbert, D. W.; Metcalfe, D.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Trop Forest Res Ctr, Atherton, Qld, Australia. [Brienen, R. J. W.] Programa Manejo Bosques Amazonia Boliviana PROMAR, Riberalta, Bolivia. [Davies, S.] Harvard Univ, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Arnold Arboretum Asia Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Davies, S.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Drescher, M.] Univ Waterloo, Sch Planning, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Higuchi, N.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Hladik, A.] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Hommes Nat Societes, Brunoy, France. [Iida, Y.] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Kassim, A. R.] FRIM, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. [King, D. A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Nilus, R.] Forest Res Ctr, Sabah Forestry Dept, Sandakan, Malaysia. [Peh, K. S. -H.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge, England. [Reitsma, J. M.] Bur Waardenburg Vb, NL-4100 AJ Culemborg, Netherlands. [Sonke, B.; Taedoumg, H.] Univ Yaounde I, Dept Biol, Plant Systemat & Ecol Lab, Higher Teachers Training Coll, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Tan, S.] Sarawak Forestry Corp, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. [White, L.] IRET, Libreville, Gabon. [Lewis, S. L.] UCL, Dept Geog, London, England. RP Banin, L (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM lindsay.banin@gmail.com; t.r.feldpausch@leeds.ac.uk RI Phillips, Oliver/A-1523-2011; Metcalfe, Daniel/G-3305-2010; Lloyd, Jonathan/F-8893-2010; James Cook University, TESS/B-8171-2012; Peh, Kelvin/C-3408-2013; Hilbert, David/A-3796-2008; Feldpausch, Ted/D-3436-2009; Arets, Eric/C-1050-2008; Bradford, Matt/D-3389-2011; OI Phillips, Oliver/0000-0002-8993-6168; Metcalfe, Daniel/0000-0001-6853-7072; Lloyd, Jonathan/0000-0002-5458-9960; Peh, Kelvin/0000-0002-2921-1341; Feldpausch, Ted/0000-0002-6631-7962; Arets, Eric/0000-0001-7209-9028; Lewis, Simon/0000-0002-8066-6851 FU RAINFOR; AfriTRON plot networks; TROBIT plot network; AMAZONICA; NERC; Royal Society; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Henrietta Hutton Grant (RGS-IBG) FX This work was supported by the RAINFOR, AfriTRON and TROBIT plot networks, the AMAZONICA project and their funding via NERC, the Royal Society and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. L. B. was supported by a NERC studentship with additional funding from a Henrietta Hutton Grant (RGS-IBG) and Dudley Stamp Award (Royal Society). S. L. L. was supported by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship; some African data were collected under a NERC New Investigator Award (AfriTRON). For provision of, or help in, collecting data we thank A. W. Graham and CSIRO (Australia), Rohden Industria Lignea Ltda, E. Couto, C. A. Passos (deceased), P. Nunes, D. Sasaki, E. C. M. Fernandes, S. Riha, J. Lehmann, I. O. Valerio Costa (Brazil); L. Blanc (French Guiana); J. H. Ovalle, M. M. Solorzano, Antonio Pena Cruz (Peru); R. Sukri, M. Salleh A. B. (Brunei); D. Burslem, C. Maycock, K.-J. Chao (Sabah); L. Chong, S. Davies, R. Shutine, L. K. Kho (Sarawak); for logistical aid and access to forest plots at Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malaysia and Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia, we thank, respectively, the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) and the Sarawak Forestry Corporation, Malaysia, the Center for Tropical Forest Science - Arnold Arboretum Asia Program of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and Harvard University, USA and Osaka City University, Japan and their funding agencies; additional thanks go to the Economic Planning Unit, Malaysia for granting L. B. access to conduct research. V. O. Sene, J. Sonke, K. C. Nguembou; M.-N. Djuikouo K., R. Fotso and the Wildlife Conservation Society, Cameroon, ECOFAC-Cameroon, Cameroon Ministry Scientific Research and Innovation, Cameroon Ministry of Forests and Fauna (MINFOF; Cameroon); A. Moungazi, S. Mbadinga, H. Bourobou, L. N. Banak, T. Nzebi, K. Jeffery, SEGC/CIRMF/WCS Research Station Lope (Gabon); K. Ntim, K. Opoku, Forestry Commission of Ghana (Ghana); A. K. Daniels, S. Chinekei, J. T. Woods, J. Poker, L. Poorter, Forest Development Authority (Liberia). This research was only made possible by the enthusiastic help of many field assistants from across Africa, Asia, Australia and South America. We thank Geertje van der Heijden, Stephen Sitch, Patrick Meir, Alan Grainger, Philip Fearnside, Richard Field and three anonymous referees for their helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 8 U2 118 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1179 EP 1190 DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2012.00778.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 044IO UT WOS:000311613000005 ER PT J AU De Caceres, M Legendre, P Valencia, R Cao, M Chang, LW Chuyong, G Condit, R Hao, ZQ Hsieh, CF Hubbell, S Kenfack, D Ma, KP Mi, XC Noor, MNS Kassim, AR Ren, HB Su, SH Sun, IF Thomas, D Ye, WH He, FL AF De Caceres, Miquel Legendre, Pierre Valencia, Renato Cao, Min Chang, Li-Wan Chuyong, George Condit, Richard Hao, Zhanqing Hsieh, Chang-Fu Hubbell, Stephen Kenfack, David Ma, Keping Mi, Xiangcheng Noor, Md. Nur Supardi Kassim, Abdul Rahman Ren, Haibao Su, Sheng-Hsin Sun, I-Fang Thomas, Duncan Ye, Wanhui He, Fangliang TI The variation of tree beta diversity across a global network of forest plots SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Beta diversity; community composition; latitudinal gradient; spatial variation; stem-mapping forest plots; tree species richness; variation partitioning ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; SPECIES RICHNESS; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; NEIGHBOR MATRICES; DISTANCE-DECAY; NORTH-AMERICA; PATTERNS; SCALE; SIMILARITY AB Aims With the aim of understanding why some of the world's forests exhibit higher tree beta diversity values than others, we asked: (1) what is the contribution of environmentally related variation versus pure spatial and local stochastic variation to tree beta diversity assessed at the forest plot scale; (2) at what resolution are these beta-diversity components more apparent; and (3) what determines the variation in tree beta diversity observed across regions/continents? Location World-wide. Methods We compiled an unprecedented data set of 10 large-scale stem-mapping forest plots differing in latitude, tree species richness and topographic variability. We assessed the tree beta diversity found within each forest plot separately. The non-directional variation in tree species composition among cells of the plot was our measure of beta diversity. We compared the beta diversity of each plot with the value expected under a null model. We also apportioned the beta diversity into four components: pure topographic, spatially structured topographic, pure spatial and unexplained. We used linear mixed models to interpret the variation of beta diversity values across the plots. Results Total tree beta diversity within a forest plot decreased with increasing cell size, and increased with tree species richness and the amount of topographic variability of the plot. The topography-related component of beta diversity was correlated with the amount of topographic variability but was unrelated to its species richness. The unexplained variation was correlated with the beta diversity expected under the null model and with species richness. Main conclusions Because different components of beta diversity have different determinants, comparisons of tree beta diversity across regions should quantify not only overall variation in species composition but also its components. Global-scale patterns in tree beta diversity are largely coupled with changes in gamma richness due to the relationship between the latter and the variation generated by local stochastic assembly processes. C1 [De Caceres, Miquel] Forest Sci Ctr Catalonia, Solsona 25280, Spain. [De Caceres, Miquel; Legendre, Pierre] Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Valencia, Renato] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Lab Plant Ecol, Sch Biol Sci, Quito, Ecuador. [Cao, Min] Chinese Acad Sci, Xishuangbanna Trop Bot Garden, Kunming 650223, Peoples R China. [Chang, Li-Wan; Su, Sheng-Hsin] Taiwan Forestry Res Inst, Taipei, Taiwan. [Chuyong, George] Univ Buea, Dept Life Sci, Buea, Cameroon. [Condit, Richard; Hubbell, Stephen] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Hao, Zhanqing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. [Hsieh, Chang-Fu] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Hubbell, Stephen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kenfack, David] Harvard Univ, CTFS Arnold Arboretum Off, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ma, Keping; Mi, Xiangcheng; Ren, Haibao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Noor, Md. Nur Supardi; Kassim, Abdul Rahman] Forest Res Inst Malaysia, Forest Environm Div, Kuala Lumpur 52109, Malaysia. [Sun, I-Fang] Natl Dong Hwa Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Studies, Shoufeng 97401, Hualien, Taiwan. [Thomas, Duncan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ye, Wanhui] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [He, Fangliang] Sun Yat Sen Univ, State Key Lab Biocontrol, SYSU Alberta Joint Lab Biodivers Conservat, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [He, Fangliang] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Life Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [He, Fangliang] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. RP De Caceres, M (reprint author), Forest Sci Ctr Catalonia, Ctra Antiga St Llorenc Km 2, Solsona 25280, Spain. EM miquelcaceres@gmail.com; fhe@ualberta.ca RI De Caceres, Miquel/I-1279-2016 OI De Caceres, Miquel/0000-0001-7132-2080 FU National Science Foundation [0948585]; International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups; Central Africa Regional Program for the Environment; Celerity Foundation at the Peninsula Community Foundation; Council of Agriculture; National Science Council of Taiwan; Taiwan Forestry Bureau; Taiwan Forest Research Institute; NSERC [7738-07, 250179-04]; Natural Science Foundation of China [30870400-30700093]; China National Program for R & D Infrastructure and Facility Development [2008BAC39B02]; '11th Five-Year' plan on National Scientific and Technological Support Projects [2008BADB0B05]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-430] FX We thank Sapna Sharma and Marco Moretti for useful discussions in the development of the study. We are also grateful to the comments of two anonymous referees on previous versions of the manuscript. The BCI census has been supported by STRI and numerous grants from the National Science Foundation (no. 0948585). Field work at Yasuni forest dynamics plot (FDP) was generously support by Mellon Foundation, NSF, STRI, the Ecuadorian government and Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. Funding for the first census of the Korup FDP was provided by the International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups, with supplemental funding by the Central Africa Regional Program for the Environment, and the Celerity Foundation at the Peninsula Community Foundation. Permission to conduct the field program in Cameroon was provided by the Ministry of Environment and Forests and the Ministry of Scientific and Technical Research. Many staff members of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden and Xishuangbanna Administration of Nature Reserves contributed to the establishment of the forest plot and the first census of tree species. The Fushan and Lienhuachi FDP projects were supported by the Council of Agriculture, the National Science Council of Taiwan, the Taiwan Forestry Bureau and Taiwan Forest Research Institute. The analyses reported in this paper were supported by an NSERC grant no. 7738-07 to P. L. and a NSERC grant no. 250179-04 to F. H. The Chinese plots were funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (30870400-30700093), the China National Program for R & D Infrastructure and Facility Development (2008BAC39B02), the '11th Five-Year' plan on National Scientific and Technological Support Projects (2008BADB0B05), and Key Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-430). NR 45 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 10 U2 139 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1191 EP 1202 DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2012.00770.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 044IO UT WOS:000311613000006 ER PT J AU Fogarty, ND Lowenberg, M Ojima, MN Knowlton, N Levitan, DR AF Fogarty, N. D. Lowenberg, M. Ojima, M. N. Knowlton, N. Levitan, D. R. TI Asymmetric conspecific sperm precedence in relation to spawning times in the Montastraea annularis species complex (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gametic incompatibility; prezygotic mechanism; reproductive isolation ID REEF BUILDING CORAL; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; FERTILIZATION SUCCESS; SEA-URCHINS; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; POSITIVE SELECTION; HYBRIDIZATION; BOUNDARIES; SPECIATION; COMPETITION AB In broadcast spawners, prezygotic reproductive isolation depends on differences in the spatial and temporal patterns of gamete release and gametic incompatibility. Typically, gametic incompatibility is measured in no-choice crosses, but conspecific sperm precedence (CSP) can prevent hybridization in gametes that are compatible in the absence of sperm competition. Broadcast spawning corals in the Montastraea annularis species complex spawn annually on the same few evenings. Montastraea franksi spawns an average of 110 min before M. annularis, with a minimum gap of approximately 40 min. Gametes are compatible in no-choice heterospecific assays, but it is unknown whether eggs exhibit choice when in competition. Hybridization depends on either M. franksi eggs remaining unfertilized and in proximity to M. annularis when the latter species spawns or M. franksi sperm remaining in sufficient viable concentrations when M. annularis spawns. We found that the eggs of the early spawning M. franksi demonstrate strong CSP, whereas CSP appears to be lacking for M. annularis eggs. This study provides evidence of diverging gamete affinities between these recently separated species and suggests for the first time that selection may favour CSP in earlier spawning species when conspecific sperm is diluted and aged and is otherwise at a numeric and viability disadvantage with heterospecific sperm. C1 [Fogarty, N. D.; Lowenberg, M.; Ojima, M. N.; Levitan, D. R.] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Knowlton, N.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Knowlton, N.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Fogarty, ND (reprint author), Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, 8000 N Ocean Dr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. EM nicole.fogarty@nova.edu OI Ojima, Miriam/0000-0002-5173-208X FU National Science Foundation [OCE-9911225] FX We would like to thank Javier Jara, Casey ter Horst and Jodi Grayson for their help in the field; and Raphael Rison-Williams and the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on this manuscript; the staff at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute's Bocas del Toro Research Station where this work was conducted and the government of Panama for permissions to conduct this research. This research was funded in part by the National Science Foundation, OCE-9911225 to D.R. Levitan and N. Knowlton. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1010-061X J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL JI J. Evol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2481 EP 2488 DI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02625.x PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 040CH UT WOS:000311296500009 PM 23107066 ER PT J AU Cooper, NW Thomas, MA Garfinkel, MB Schneider, KL Marra, PP AF Cooper, Nathan W. Thomas, Mark A. Garfinkel, Megan B. Schneider, Katherine L. Marra, Peter P. TI Comparing the precision, accuracy, and efficiency of branch clipping and sweep netting for sampling arthropods in two Jamaican forest types SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American Redstart; food availability; insect sampling; sampler bias; Setophaga ruticilla ID FOOD AVAILABILITY; MIGRATORY BIRD; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; HABITATS; WARBLERS; RAINFALL; VACUUM AB Devising methods for sampling arthropods presents many challenges, including understanding possible differences in results obtained by different individuals (precision), investigating differences between estimates and the actual variable of interest (accuracy), and assessing the effort and cost of a given method (efficiency). We assessed the precision, accuracy, and efficiency of sweep netting and branch clipping, two common methods of sampling arthropods, in mangrove and second-growth scrub forests in Jamaica, West Indies, in 2009. Three individuals used both methods sequentially to sample arthropods in the territories of American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla). We found that both branch clipping and sweep netting lacked precision because different individuals produced different estimates of either arthropod abundance (number of individuals per sample) or biomass. In both forests, more arthropods were sampled with sweep netting, in terms of biomass and abundance, and several orders of arthropods were collected that were missed by branch clipping. We also detected the absence of a predictable habitat-based difference in arthropod biomass with sweep netting, but not with branch clipping. Sweep netting took longer overall (field and processing time combined) and was therefore less efficient. Despite problems with precision and efficiency, our results suggest that sweep netting may be a more accurate method than branch clipping for sampling foliage arthropods in some forest habitats. Our study also reveals the importance of recognizing and controlling for individual bias and of choosing arthropod sampling methods most appropriate to each study species and habitat type. C1 [Cooper, Nathan W.; Schneider, Katherine L.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Thomas, Mark A.; Garfinkel, Megan B.; Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Cooper, NW (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boggs 400, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM nathanwands@gmail.com OI Cooper, Nathan/0000-0002-4667-1542 FU National Science Foundation FX We thank C. Tonra and S. Wilson for help with study design, and R. Schneider and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. D. Corey's assistance with statistical analysis is greatly appreciated. We thank the Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica and the Font Hill staff for access to the field site. PPM and T. Sherry supported all research with a grant from the National Science Foundation. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 83 IS 4 BP 381 EP 390 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2012.00388.x PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 041PN UT WOS:000311413800006 ER PT J AU Britz, R Johnson, GD AF Britz, Ralf Johnson, G. David TI Ontogeny and homology of the skeletal elements that form the sucking disc of remoras (Teleostei, Echeneoidei, Echeneidae) SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE development; evolution; dorsal fin ID FISHES; PHYLOGENY AB The sucking disc of the sharksuckers of the family Echeneidae is one of the most remarkable and most highly modified skeletal structures among vertebrates. We studied the development of the sucking disc based on a series of larval, juvenile, and adult echeneids ranging from 9.3 mm to 175 mm standard length. We revisited the question of the homology of the different skeletal parts that form the disc using an ontogenetic approach. We compared the initial stages of development of the disc with early developmental stages of the spinous dorsal fin in a representative of the morphologically basal percomorph Morone. We demonstrate that the interneural rays of echeneids are homologous with the proximal-middle radials of Morone and other teleosts and that the intercalary bones of sharksuckers are homologous with the distal radials of Morone and other teleosts. The intercalary bones or distal radials develop a pair of large wing-like lateral extensions in echeneids, not present in this form in any other teleost. Finally the pectinated lamellae are homologous with the fin spines of Morone and other acanthomorphs. The main part of each pectinated lamella is formed by bilateral extensions of the base of the fin spine just above its proximal tip, each of which develops a row of spinous projections, or spinules, along its posterior margin. The number of rows and the number of spinules increase with size, and they become autogenous from the body of the lamellae. We also provide a historical review of previous studies on the homology of the echeneid sucking disc and demonstrate that the most recent hypotheses, published in 2002, 2005 and 2006, are erroneous. J. Morphol. 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Britz, Ralf] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England. [Johnson, G. David] Smithsonian Inst, Div Fishes, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Britz, R (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM r.britz@nhm.ac.uk FU Herbert R. and Evelyn Axelrod Chair in Systematic Ichthyology in the Division of Fishes, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution FX Contract grant sponsor: Herbert R. and Evelyn Axelrod Chair in Systematic Ichthyology in the Division of Fishes, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0362-2525 EI 1097-4687 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 273 IS 12 BP 1353 EP 1366 DI 10.1002/jmor.20063 PG 14 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 034LP UT WOS:000310875200003 PM 22833478 ER PT J AU Puebla, O Bermingham, E McMillan, WO AF Puebla, O. Bermingham, E. McMillan, W. O. TI On the spatial scale of dispersal in coral reef fishes SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE isolation by distance; larval dispersal; marine; Mesoamerican Barrier Reef; population genetics; spatial genetics ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; REGION-WIDE DECLINES; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; LARVAL DISPERSAL; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; BUTTERFLYFISHES PISCES; RECRUITMENT PATTERNS; MICROSATELLITE DATA AB Marine biologists have gone through a paradigm shift, from the assumption that marine populations are largely open owing to extensive larval dispersal to the realization that marine dispersal is more restricted than previously thought. Yet, population genetic studies often reveal low levels of genetic structure across large geographic areas. On the other side, more direct approaches such as mark-recapture provide evidence of localized dispersal. To what extent can direct and indirect studies of marine dispersal be reconciled? One approach consists in applying genetic methods that have been validated with direct estimates of dispersal. Here, we use such an approachgenetic isolation by distance between individuals in continuous populationsto estimate the spatial scale of dispersal in five species of coral reef fish presenting low levels of genetic structure across the Caribbean. Individuals were sampled continuously along a 220-km transect following the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef, population densities were estimated from surveys covering 17 200 m(2) of reef, and samples were genotyped at a total of 58 microsatellite loci. A small but positive isolation-by-distance slope was observed in the five species, providing mean parent-offspring dispersal estimates ranging between 7 and 42 km (CI 1113 km) and suggesting that there might be a correlation between minimum/maximum pelagic larval duration and dispersal in coral reef fishes. Coalescent-based simulations indicate that these results are robust to a variety of dispersal distributions and sampling designs. We conclude that low levels of genetic structure across large geographic areas are not necessarily indicative of extensive dispersal at ecological timescales. C1 [Puebla, O.; Bermingham, E.; McMillan, W. O.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Puebla, O (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama. EM oscar.puebla@mail.mcgill.ca FU National Geographic Committee for Research and Exploration grant [8799-10]; Marine Science Network grant; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute FX We thank the Belizean and Panamanian authorities for support with collecting, export, and import permits. This study was funded by a National Geographic Committee for Research and Exploration grant (number 8799-10) to O. Puebla, a Marine Science Network grant to O. Puebla, and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. We thank Edgardo Ochoa, Myriam Morneau, as well as the S/V Legacy crew for help in the field. Thanks also to Sara, Georgia, and Sam Bermingham as well as Lyle and Coll McMillan for help in the field. NR 75 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 88 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 21 IS 23 BP 5675 EP 5688 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05734.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 041JV UT WOS:000311399000007 PM 22994267 ER PT J AU Arias, CF Rosales, C Salazar, C Castano, J Bermingham, E Linares, M McMillan, WO AF Arias, Carlos F. Rosales, Claudia Salazar, Camilo Castano, Jully Bermingham, Eldredge Linares, Mauricio McMillan, W. O. TI Sharp genetic discontinuity across a unimodal Heliconius hybrid zone SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE AFLPs; Colour pattern; Heliconius; hybrid zone; microsatellites; mtDNA; secondary contact; speciation ID FIRE-BELLIED TOADS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SHIFTING BALANCE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; BOMBINA-BOMBINA; WARNING-COLOR; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION AB Hybrid zones are powerful natural systems to study evolutionary processes to gain an understanding of adaptation and speciation. In the Cauca Valley (Colombia), two butterfly races, Heliconius cydno cydnides and Heliconius cydno weymeri, meet and hybridize. We characterized this hybrid zone using a combination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), microsatellites and sequences for nuclear loci within and outside of the genomic regions that cause differences in wing colour pattern. The hybrid zone is largely composed of individuals of mixed ancestry. However, there is strong genetic discontinuity between the hybridizing races in mtDNA and, to a lesser extent, in all nuclear markers surveyed. The mtDNA clustering of H. c. cydnides with the H. cydno race from the Magdalena Valley and H. c. weymeri with the H. cydno race from the pacific coast suggests that H. c. cydnides colonized the Cauca Valley from the north, whereas H. c. weymeri did so by crossing the Andes in the southern part, implying a secondary contact origin. Colonization of the valley by H. cydno was accompanied by mimicry shift. Strong ecological isolation, driven by locally adaptive differences in mimetic wing patterns, is playing an important role in maintaining the hybrid zone. However, selection on wing pattern alone is not sufficient to explain the genetic discontinuity observed. There is evidence for differences in male mating preference, but the contribution of additional barriers needs further investigation. Overall, our results support the idea that speciation is a cumulative process, where the combination of multiple isolation barriers, combined with major phenotypic differences, facilitates population divergence in face of gene flow. C1 [Arias, Carlos F.] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Arias, Carlos F.; Rosales, Claudia; Salazar, Camilo; Bermingham, Eldredge; McMillan, W. O.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Salazar, Camilo; Linares, Mauricio] Univ Rosario, Fac Ciencias Nat & Matemat, Bogota, DC, Colombia. [Rosales, Claudia; Castano, Jully; Linares, Mauricio] Univ Los Andes, Inst Genet, Bogota, DC, Colombia. [Salazar, Camilo] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. RP Arias, CF (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Biol, 1205 Ave Dr Penfield, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. EM solracarias@gmail.com RI Salazar, camilo/A-1647-2010; Arias, Carlos/G-2881-2016; Linares, Mauricio/I-3509-2016 OI Salazar, camilo/0000-0001-9217-6588; Arias, Carlos/0000-0001-5925-0985; Linares, Mauricio/0000-0002-1021-0226 FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI); Colciencias grant [279-2005]; NSF [DEB-0844244]; Colfuturo; Levinson Family; Max Binz Family; NEO-STRI; McGill University; 'Proyecto semilla' from Universidad de los Andes; Molecular Evolution Research Fellowship (STRI) FX The authors thank the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), where part of the laboratory work was carried out and funded. We are grateful to three anonymous reviewers and the editor for comments on the manuscript. This project was also funded by Colciencias grant 279-2005 and an NSF grant (DEB-0844244) to WOM. C. F. Arias was supported by graduate fellowships from Colfuturo, the Levinson Family, Max Binz Family, NEO-STRI and McGill University. C. Rosales and J. Castano were funded by 'Proyecto semilla' from Universidad de los Andes. C. Salazar was funded by Molecular Evolution Research Fellowship (STRI). Eyda Gomez and Oris Sanjur deserve special mention by collaborating with logistical advice. For the genetic access permit number RGE0027-LAM3483, we thank the Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial (Colombia). NR 113 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 21 IS 23 BP 5778 EP 5794 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05746.x PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 041JV UT WOS:000311399000014 PM 22971082 ER PT J AU Low, C Scheffer, SJ Lewis, ML Gates, MW AF Low, Candace Scheffer, Sonja J. Lewis, Matthew L. Gates, Michael W. TI The relationship between variable host grouping and functional responses among parasitoids of Antispila nysaefoliella (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE community ecology; dilution effect; DNA barcoding; field survey; functional response; life history strategy; mtDNA COI ID OPTIMAL CLUTCH SIZE; LEAF-MINING MOTH; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SELFISH HERD; MORTALITY HYPOTHESIS; APHYTIS-LINGNANENSIS; DISCRETE GENERATIONS; SEISMIC BEHAVIORS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; MOLECULAR METHODS AB Our study investigated the importance of variability in the parasitoid community as a source of selection on host group size using a field population of the tupelo leafminer, Antispila nysaefoliella Clemens, which specializes on tupelo, Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. Larvae were collected from leaves with variable numbers of larvae and screened for parasitism using polymerase chain reaction of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I using markers designed specifically for amplifying parasitoid DNA while excluding host DNA. This method of selective PCR was effective for detecting the presence and identifying species of immature stages of three hymenopteran superfamilies: Chalcidoidea, Ichneumonoidea and Platygastroidea, which represented 83.4%, 16.0% and 0.6% of the total detectable parasitism, respectively. Our resulting sequences were then calibrated with sequences from identified adult parasitoids that had been either reared or field-captured. A cluster analysis revealed 10 distinct clades that showed differences in attack patterns with respect to host traits and season. Total parasitism followed an inverse density-dependent or density-independent pattern with respect to host density (number per leaf). However, when parasitoid taxa were considered separately, one clade, which could be a cryptic species of Pnigalio maculipes Crawford (Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae), was found to increase its per leaf attack rate with host density. Our results suggest that parasitoid community composition and differences among species in their attack strategies can play a large role in determining the adaptive advantage of host grouping. C1 [Low, Candace] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Scheffer, Sonja J.; Lewis, Matthew L.; Gates, Michael W.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gates, Michael W.] USDA ARS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Low, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cl754@cornell.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DBI-0904395, DEB-0608392] FX We are extremely grateful to John Endler, Roger Nisbet and Todd Oakley for their support and initial discussions on this project; Blandy Experimental Farm, Al Uy and Tom Starmer for logistical help and laboratory space; and Stonebridge Farm for access to their property. The manuscript was improved greatly by suggestions from Rosemary Gillespie and three anonymous reviewers. This project was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation Grants, DBI-0904395 and DEB-0608392, both awarded to C. L. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 21 IS 23 BP 5892 EP 5904 DI 10.1111/mec.12061 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 041JV UT WOS:000311399000020 PM 23094653 ER PT J AU Hopkins, PF Keres, D Murray, N Quataert, E Hernquist, L AF Hopkins, Philip F. Keres, Dusan Murray, Norman Quataert, Eliot Hernquist, Lars TI Stellar feedback and bulge formation in clumpy discs SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars: formation; galaxies: active; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; cosmology: theory ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDS; ULTRA DEEP FIELD; SIMILAR-TO 2; SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; TADPOLE ADVANCED CAMERA; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; MOVING-MESH COSMOLOGY; CHAIN GALAXIES; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM AB We use numerical simulations of isolated galaxies to study the effects of stellar feedback on the formation and evolution of giant star-forming gas 'clumps' in high-redshift, gas-rich galaxies. Such galactic discs are unstable to the formation of bound gas-rich clumps whose properties initially depend only on global disc properties, not the microphysics of feedback. In simulations without stellar feedback, clumps turn an order-unity fraction of their mass into stars and sink to the centre, forming a large bulge and kicking most of the stars out into a much more extended stellar envelope. By contrast, strong radiative stellar feedback disrupts even the most massive clumps after they turn similar to 10-20 per cent of their mass into stars, in a time-scale of similar to 10-100 Myr, ejecting some material into a superwind and recycling the rest of the gas into the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM). This suppresses the bulge formation rate by direct 'clump coalescence' by a factor of several. However, the galactic discs do undergo significant internal evolution in the absence of mergers: clumps form and disrupt continuously and torque gas to the galactic centre. The resulting evolution is qualitatively similar to bar/spiral evolution in simulations with a more homogeneous ISM. C1 [Hopkins, Philip F.; Keres, Dusan; Quataert, Eliot] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hopkins, Philip F.; Keres, Dusan; Quataert, Eliot] Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Astrophys Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Murray, Norman] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Hernquist, Lars] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hopkins, PF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM phopkins@astro.berkeley.edu FU NASA through Chandra X-ray Observatory Center [PF1-120083]; NASA [NAS8-03060, HSTHF-51276.01-A]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; NSERC; Canada Research Chairs programme FX We thank our referee, Avishai Dekel, for a number of insightful comments. We also thank Stijn Wuyts, Reinhard Genzel, Sarah Newman and Sandy Faber for helpful discussions throughout the development of this manuscript. Support for PFH was provided by NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship Award Number PF1-120083 issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of NASA under contract NAS8-03060. EQ is supported in part by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. NM is supported in part by NSERC and by the Canada Research Chairs programme. DK acknowledges support from NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HSTHF-51276.01-A. The simulations in this paper were run on the Odyssey cluster supported by the FAS Science Division Research Computing Group at Harvard University. NR 101 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 427 IS 2 BP 968 EP 978 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21981.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 041PK UT WOS:000311413500007 ER PT J AU Peris, CS Vrtilek, SD AF Peris, C. S. Vrtilek, S. D. TI A tomographic study of V691 CrA (X1822-371) SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion eclipsing; binaries: eclipsing; stars: individual: V691 CrA ID RAY BINARY 2A-1822-371; DOPPLER TOMOGRAPHY; 2A 1822-371; NEUTRON-STAR; MASS; ACCRETION; EMISSION; DISC; X-1822-371; COMPANION AB We present Doppler and modulation tomography of the low-mass X-ray binary V691 CrA with data obtained using the 6.5-m Magellan Baade telescope at the Las Campanas Observatory in 2010 and 2011. The disc and hotspot are observed in H alpha and He II (lambda 4686) in both years. A clear image of the disc is seen in He II (lambda 5411) using the 2010 data. We present the first tomography of the absorption line He I (lambda 5876) and detect absorption near the L-1 point of the donor star. We also present the first modulation tomography of the emission line H alpha and detect emission from the secondary. The H alpha double peaks are imbedded in a deep absorption trough confirming the presence of Balmer line absorbing material in the system. Our observations of H alpha show absorption in a larger phase range than in H alpha which could be due to heating up of sprayed matter from the hotspot as it travels downstream. We also suggest possible occultation of the H alpha absorbing spray by the disc bulge at certain phases. C1 [Peris, C. S.; Vrtilek, S. D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Peris, C. S.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Peris, CS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM cperis@cfa.harvard.edu; svrtilek@cfa.harvard.edu FU Smithsonian Endowment Grant FX This research was supported in part by a Smithsonian Endowment Grant awarded to SDV. We would like to thank Tom Marsh for the use of his MOLLY and DOPPLER software packages and Danny Steeghs for the use of his MODMAP software package. CSP would like to thank Tilak and Deepika Peris and Ayesha Casie Chetty for their gracious support and constructive comments. We thank an anonymous referee for constructive comments which greatly improved the quality of the paper. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 427 IS 2 BP 1043 EP 1051 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22039.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 041PK UT WOS:000311413500015 ER PT J AU Pichara, K Protopapas, P Kim, DW Marquette, JB Tisserand, P AF Pichara, K. Protopapas, P. Kim, D. -W. Marquette, J. -B. Tisserand, P. TI An improved quasar detection method in EROS-2 and MACHO LMC data sets SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods: data analysis; Magellanic Clouds; quasars: general ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; TIME-SERIES DATA; VARIABLE-STARS; HANDWRITING RECOGNITION; MICROLENSING EVENTS; SPACED DATA; SKY SURVEY; CANDIDATES; CLASSIFICATION; TELESCOPE AB We present a new classification method for quasar identification in the EROS-2 and MACHO data sets based on a boosted version of a random forest classifier. We use a set of variability features including parameters of a continuous autoregressive model. We prove that continuous autoregressive parameters are very important discriminators in the classification process. We create two training sets (one for EROS-2 and one for MACHO data sets) using known quasars found in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Our model's accuracy in both EROS-2 and MACHO training sets is about 90 per cent precision and 86 per cent recall, improving the state-of-the-art models, accuracy in quasar detection. We apply the model on the complete, including 28 million objects, EROS-2 and MACHO LMC data sets, finding 1160 and 2551 candidates, respectively. To further validate our list of candidates, we cross-matched our list with 663 previously known strong candidates, getting 74 per cent of matches for MACHO and 40 per cent in EROS. The main difference on matching level is because EROS-2 is a slightly shallower survey which translates to significantly lower signal-to-noise ratio light curves. C1 [Pichara, K.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Comp Sci, Santiago 7820436, Chile. [Pichara, K.; Protopapas, P.; Kim, D. -W.] Harvard Univ, Inst Appl Computat Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Protopapas, P.; Kim, D. -W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Marquette, J. -B.] Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR7095, UPMC CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France. [Tisserand, P.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Pichara, K (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Comp Sci, Santiago 7820436, Chile. EM kpb@ing.puc.cl RI Pichara, Karim/G-9675-2013 OI Pichara, Karim/0000-0002-9372-5574 FU US Department of Energy through the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; National Science Foundation through the Center for Particle Astrophysics of the University of California [AST-8809616]; Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatory, Australian National University; CEA; CNRS through IN2P3 institute; CNRS through INSU institute FX This paper utilizes public domain data obtained by the MACHO project, jointly funded by the US Department of Energy through the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48, by the National Science Foundation through the Center for Particle Astrophysics of the University of California under cooperative agreement AST-8809616 and by the Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatory, part of the Australian National University. The analysis in this paper has been done using the Odyssey cluster supported by the FAS Research Computing Group at Harvard. This research has made use of the SIMBAD data base, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France.; We thank everyone from the EROS-2 collaboration for the access granted to the data base. The EROS-2 project was funded by the CEA and the CNRS through the IN2P3 and INSU institutes. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 427 IS 2 BP 1284 EP 1297 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22061.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 041PK UT WOS:000311413500034 ER PT J AU Hong, J AF Hong, JaeSub TI Dominance of magnetic cataclysmic variables in the resolved Galactic ridge X-ray emission of the limiting window SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: bulge; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: diffuse background ID CHANDRA MULTIWAVELENGTH PROJECT; POINT SOURCES; CHAMPLANE SURVEY; IRON LINE; ORIGIN; DISCOVERY; CATALOG; PLANE; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION AB The diffuse appearance of the Galactic ridge X-ray emission has been puzzling since its discovery due to the lack of compelling theories for sustainable hot diffuse X-ray emission in the Galactic plane. Recently, Revnivtsev et al. claimed that similar to 90 per cent of the 6.5-7.1 keV X-ray flux from a small section of a low-extinction region at 1.degrees 4 south of the Galactic Centre has been resolved to discrete sources with L-X,L- 2-10 (keV) greater than or similar to 4 x 10(-16) erg s(-1) cm(-2), using ultradeep (1 Ms) observations made by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. They also concluded that coronally active stars such as active binaries (ABs) contribute similar to 60 per cent of the resolved flux. However, our recent discovery of a large population of magnetic cataclysmic variables (MCVs) in the same region suggests their significant role in the resolved hard X-ray flux. In addition, deep X-ray surveys of other several Galactic bulge fields over the past decade have indicated that MCVs are likely the major contributor in the hard X-ray emission above 23 keV. To solve this mystery, we have conducted an independent in-depth analysis of discrete X-ray sources in the low-extinction region. The total fraction of the 6.5-7.1 keV flux we can confidently claim as resolved is similar to 70-80 per cent, which largely agrees with Revnivtsev et al., but leaves some room for diffuse components. However, despite the various attempts, we consistently find that the resolved hard X-ray flux above 3 keV is dominated by relatively bright, hard X-ray sources such as MCVs, whereas the contribution from relatively faint, soft sources such as ABs is below 20 per cent. We describe in detail our analysis procedure in order to elucidate possible origins of the discrepancy. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hong, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jaesub@head.cfa.harvard.edu NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 427 IS 2 BP 1633 EP 1650 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22079.x PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 041PK UT WOS:000311413500061 ER PT J AU Gualandris, A Mapelli, M Perets, HB AF Gualandris, Alessia Mapelli, Michela Perets, Hagai B. TI Eccentric disc instability in stellar discs formed from inspiralling gas clouds in the Galactic Centre SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; methods: numerical; stars: kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy: centre ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; N-BODY SIMULATIONS; SGR-A-ASTERISK; STAR-FORMATION; YOUNG STARS; S-STARS; CENTRAL PARSEC; SAGITTARIUS-A; ORBITS; ORIGIN AB The inspiral of a turbulent molecular cloud in the Galactic Centre may result in the formation of a small, dense and moderately eccentric gas disc around the supermassive black hole (SMBH). Such a disc is unstable to fragmentation and may lead to the formation of young massive stars in the central parsec of the Galaxy. Here we perform high-accuracy direct summation N-body simulations of a ring of massive stars (with initial semimajor axes 0.1 <= a (pc) <= 0.4 and eccentricities 0.2 <= e <= 0.4), subject to the potential of the SMBH, a stellar cusp and the parent gas disc, to study how the orbital elements of the ring evolve in time. The initial conditions for the stellar ring are drawn from the results of previous simulations of molecular cloud infall and disruption in the SMBH potential. While semimajor axes do not evolve significantly, the distribution of eccentricities spreads out very fast (approximate to 1 Myr) as a consequence of cusp precession. In particular, stellar orbits with initial eccentricity e > 0.3 (e < 0.3) tend to become even more (less) eccentric, resulting in a bimodal eccentricity distribution. The distribution is qualitatively consistent with that of the massive stars observed in the Galactic Centre's clockwise disc. C1 [Gualandris, Alessia] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Gualandris, Alessia] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Mapelli, Michela] INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Perets, Hagai B.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Perets, Hagai B.] Technion Israel Inst Sci, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Gualandris, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85741 Garching, Germany. EM alessiag@mpa-garching.mpg.de RI Gualandris, Alessia/A-9421-2011; Perets, Hagai/K-9605-2015; OI Perets, Hagai/0000-0002-5004-199X; Mapelli, Michela/0000-0001-8799-2548 FU INAF [PRIN-2011-1] FX We thank the referee Ladislav Subr for useful comments that helped improve the paper. The simulations were performed on the GPU-enabled machines at the Max-Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Garching, Germany. MM acknowledges financial support from INAF through grant PRIN-2011-1. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 427 IS 2 BP 1793 EP 1799 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22133.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 041PK UT WOS:000311413500071 ER PT J AU Padmanabhan, N Xu, XY Eisenstein, DJ Scalzo, R Cuesta, AJ Mehta, KT Kazin, E AF Padmanabhan, Nikhil Xu, Xiaoying Eisenstein, Daniel J. Scalzo, Richard Cuesta, Antonio J. Mehta, Kushal T. Kazin, Eyal TI A 2 per cent distance to z=0.35 by reconstructing baryon acoustic oscillations - I. Methods and application to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cosmological parameters; cosmology: observations; dark energy; distance scale; large-scale structure of Universe ID LUMINOUS RED GALAXIES; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; POWER-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; PROBING DARK ENERGY; SURVEY IMAGING DATA; REDSHIFT SURVEYS; DATA RELEASE; SDSS-III AB We present the first application to density field reconstruction to a galaxy survey to undo the smoothing of the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) feature due to non-linear gravitational evolution and thereby improve the precision of the distance measurements possible. We apply the reconstruction technique to the clustering of galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7 (DR7) luminous red galaxy (LRG) sample, sharpening the BAO feature and achieving a 1.9 per cent measurement of the distance to z = 0.35. We update the reconstruction algorithm of Eisenstein et al. to account for the effects of survey geometry as well as redshift-space distortions and validate it on 160 LasDamas simulations. We demonstrate that reconstruction sharpens the BAO feature in the angle averaged galaxy correlation function, reducing the non-linear smoothing scale Snl from 8.1 to 4.4?Mpc?h-1. Reconstruction also significantly reduces the effects of redshift-space distortions at the BAO scale, isotropizing the correlation function. This sharpened BAO feature yields an unbiased distance estimate (<0.2 per cent) and reduces the scatter from 3.3 to 2.1 per cent. We demonstrate the robustness of these results to the various reconstruction parameters, including the smoothing scale, the galaxy bias and the linear growth rate. Applying this reconstruction algorithm to the SDSS LRG DR7 sample improves the significance of the BAO feature in these data from 3.3s for the unreconstructed correlation function to 4.2s after reconstruction. We estimate a relative distance scale DV/rs to z = 0.35 of 8.88 +/- 0.17, where rs is the sound horizon and DV=(DA2H-1)1/3 is a combination of the angular diameter distance DA and Hubble parameter H. Assuming a sound horizon of 154.25?Mpc, this translates into a distance measurement DV(z = 0.35) = 1.356 +/- 0.025?Gpc. We find that reconstruction reduces the distance error in the DR7 sample from 3.5 to 1.9 per cent, equivalent to a survey with three times the volume of SDSS. C1 [Padmanabhan, Nikhil; Scalzo, Richard; Cuesta, Antonio J.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Xu, Xiaoying; Mehta, Kushal T.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Eisenstein, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Scalzo, Richard] Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Kazin, Eyal] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Kazin, Eyal] NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Padmanabhan, N (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, 260 Whitney Ave, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM nikhil.padmanabhan@yale.edu OI Cuesta Vazquez, Antonio Jose/0000-0002-4153-9470; Scalzo, Richard/0000-0003-3740-1214 FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England; American Museum of Natural History; Astrophysical Institute Potsdam; University of Basel; University of Cambridge; Case Western Reserve University; University of Chicago; Drexel University; Fermilab; Institute for Advanced Study; Japan Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology; Korean Scientist Group; Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA); Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA); New Mexico State University; Ohio State University; University of Pittsburgh; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University; United States Naval Observatory; University of Washington; NASA [NNX11AF43G, NNX07AH11G]; NSF [AST-0707725] FX Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the US Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS website is http://www.sdss.org/.; The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, University of Basel, University of Cambridge, Case Western Reserve University, the University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, the Johns Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, Ohio State University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory and the University of Washington.; We thank the LasDamas Collaboration for making their galaxy mock catalogues public. We thank Cameron McBride for assistance in using the LasDamas mocks and for comments on earlier versions of this work. We thank Martin White for useful conversations on reconstruction. NP and AJC are partially supported by NASA grant NNX11AF43G. DJE, XX and KTM were supported by NSF grant AST-0707725 and NASA grant NNX07AH11G. This work was supported in part by the facilities and staff of the Yale University Faculty of Arts and Sciences High Performance Computing Center. NR 91 TC 279 Z9 279 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 427 IS 3 BP 2132 EP 2145 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21888.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 041PX UT WOS:000311414800022 ER PT J AU Xu, XY Padmanabhan, N Eisenstein, DJ Mehta, KT Cuesta, AJ AF Xu, Xiaoying Padmanabhan, Nikhil Eisenstein, Daniel J. Mehta, Kushal T. Cuesta, Antonio J. TI A 2 per cent distance to z=0.35 by reconstructing baryon acoustic oscillations - II. Fitting techniques SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cosmological parameters; cosmology: observations; cosmology: theory; distance scale; large-scale structure of Universe ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MATTER POWER SPECTRUM; LUMINOUS RED GALAXIES; PROBING DARK ENERGY; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; REDSHIFT SURVEYS; COVARIANCE-MATRIX; REAL-SPACE; CONSTRAINTS; SDSS AB We present results from fitting the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) signal in the correlation function obtained from the first application of density-field reconstruction to a galaxy redshift survey, namely the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7 (DR7) luminous red galaxy (LRG) catalogue. Reconstruction works to partially remove the effects of non-linear structure growth on the BAO by reconstructing the linear matter density field from the observed galaxy density field using the continuity equation. We also introduce more careful approaches for deriving a suitable covariance matrix and fitting model for galaxy correlation functions. Our covariance matrix technique guarantees smooth diagonal and off-diagonal terms by fitting a modified Gaussian covariance matrix to that calculated from mock catalogues. Our proposed fitting model is effective at removing broad-band effects such as redshift-space distortions, scale-dependent bias and any artefacts introduced by assuming the wrong model cosmology. These all aid in obtaining a more accurate measurement of the acoustic scale and its error. We validate these techniques on 160 mock catalogues derived from the LasDamas simulations in real and redshift space. We then apply these techniques to the DR7 LRG sample and find that the error on the acoustic scale decreases from similar to 3.5 per cent before reconstruction to similar to 1.9 per cent after reconstruction. We also see an increase in our BAO detection confidence from similar to 3 sigma to similar to 4 sigma after reconstruction with our confidence level in measuring the correct acoustic scale increasing from 3s to 5s. Using the mean of the acoustic scale probability distributions produced from our fits, we find Dv/rs = 8.89 +/- 0.31 before reconstruction and 8.88 +/- 0.17 after reconstruction. C1 [Xu, Xiaoying; Mehta, Kushal T.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Padmanabhan, Nikhil; Cuesta, Antonio J.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Eisenstein, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Xu, XY (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM xxu@as.arizona.edu OI Cuesta Vazquez, Antonio Jose/0000-0002-4153-9470 FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England; American Museum of Natural History; Astrophysical Institute Potsdam; University of Basel; University of Chicago; Drexel University; Fermilab; Institute for Advanced Study; Japan Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology; Korean Scientist Group; Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA); New Mexico State University; Ohio State University; University of Pittsburgh; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University; United States Naval Observatory; University of Washington; NSF [AST-0707725]; NASA [NNX07AH11G, NNX11AF43G] FX Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS website is http://www.sdss.org/.; The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, University of Basel, University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, the Johns Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), New Mexico State University, Ohio State University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory and the University of Washington.; We thank the LasDamas collaboration for making their galaxy mock catalogues public. We thank Cameron McBride for assistance in using the LasDamas mocks and comments on earlier versions of this work. We thank Martin White for useful conversations on reconstruction. XX thanks Hee-Jong Seo for her insightful comments. XX, DJE and KTM were supported by NSF grant AST-0707725 and NASA grant NNX07AH11G. NP and AJC are partially supported by NASA grant NNX11AF43G. This work was supported in part by the facilities and staff of the Yale University Faculty of Arts and Sciences High Performance Computing Center. NR 67 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 427 IS 3 BP 2146 EP 2167 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21573.x PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 041PX UT WOS:000311414800023 ER PT J AU Mehta, KT Cuesta, AJ Xu, XY Eisenstein, DJ Padmanabhan, N AF Mehta, Kushal T. Cuesta, Antonio J. Xu, Xiaoying Eisenstein, Daniel J. Padmanabhan, Nikhil TI A 2 per cent distance to z=0.35 by reconstructing baryon acoustic oscillations - III. Cosmological measurements and interpretation SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cosmological parameters; cosmology: observations; cosmology: theory; distance scale; large-scale structure of Universe ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; DARK ENERGY SURVEY; GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEYS; LUMINOUS RED GALAXIES; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; POWER-SPECTRUM; GEOMETRIC DISTANCE; MATTER DENSITY AB We use the 2?per?cent distance measurement from our reconstructed baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs) signature using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7 (DR7) luminous red galaxies from Padmanabhan et al. and Xu et al. combined with cosmic microwave background data from Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP7) to measure parameters for various cosmological models. We find a 1.7?per?cent measurement of H0 = 69.8 +/- 1.2?km?s-1?Mpc-1 and a 5.0?per?cent measurement of Om=0.280 +/- 0.014 for a flat universe with a cosmological constant. These measurements of H0 and Om are robust against a range of underlying models for the expansion history. We measure the dark energy equation of state parameter w = -0.97 +/- 0.17, which is consistent with a cosmological constant. If curvature is allowed to vary, we find that the Universe is consistent with a flat geometry (OK = -0.004 +/- 0.005). We also use a combination of the 6 Degree Field Galaxy Survey BAO data, WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey data, Type Ia supernovae data and a local measurement of the Hubble constant to explore cosmological models with more parameters. Finally, we explore the effect of varying the energy density of relativistic particles on the measurement of H0. C1 [Mehta, Kushal T.; Xu, Xiaoying] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85121 USA. [Cuesta, Antonio J.; Padmanabhan, Nikhil] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Eisenstein, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Mehta, KT (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85121 USA. EM kmehta@email.arizona.edu OI Cuesta Vazquez, Antonio Jose/0000-0002-4153-9470 FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England; American Museum of Natural History; Astrophysical Institute Potsdam; University of Basel; University of Cambridge; Case Western Reserve University; University of Chicago; Drexel University; Fermilab; Institute for Advanced Study; Japan Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology; Korean Scientist Group; Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA); Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA); New Mexico State University; Ohio State University; University of Pittsburgh; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University; United States Naval Observatory; University of Washington; NSF [AST-0707725]; NASA [NNX07AH11G, NNX11AF43G]; FAS Science Division Research Computing Group at Harvard University FX Funding for the SDSS has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the US Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, and the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS website is http://www.sdss.org/.; The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, University of Basel, University of Cambridge, Case Western Reserve University, the University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, the Johns Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, Ohio State University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory and the University of Washington.; We thank the LasDamas collaboration for making their galaxy mock catalogues public, Cameron McBride for assistance in using the LasDamas mocks and comments on earlier versions of this work, Martin White for useful conversations on reconstruction and Bradford Benson for helping us find a bug in our code by pointing out a discrepancy between our constraints on the equation of state of dark energy using only CMB data and the reported values by the WMAP team. Finally, we also thank the anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. KTM, DJE and XX were supported by NSF grant AST-0707725 and NASA grant NNX07AH11G. NP and AJC are partially supported by NASA grant NNX11AF43G. The MCMC computations in this paper were run on the Odyssey cluster supported by the FAS Science Division Research Computing Group at Harvard University. This work was supported in part by the facilities and staff of the Yale University Faculty of Arts and Sciences High Performance Computing Center. NR 87 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 427 IS 3 BP 2168 EP 2179 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21112.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 041PX UT WOS:000311414800024 ER PT J AU Torrey, P Vogelsberger, M Sijacki, D Springel, V Hernquist, L AF Torrey, Paul Vogelsberger, Mark Sijacki, Debora Springel, Volker Hernquist, Lars TI Moving-mesh cosmology: properties of gas discs SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods: numerical; Galaxy: formation; cosmology: theory ID SMOOTHED-PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; DARK-MATTER UNIVERSE; LAMBDA-CDM UNIVERSE; GALAXY-FORMATION; STAR-FORMATION; DWARF GALAXIES; SUPERNOVA FEEDBACK; COMPARISON PROJECT; GALACTIC HALOES; MULTIPHASE GAS AB We compare the structural properties of galaxies formed in cosmological simulations using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code gadget with those using the moving-mesh code arepo. Both codes employ identical gravity solvers and the same subresolution physics but use very different methods to track the hydrodynamic evolution of gas. This permits us to isolate the effects of the hydro solver on the formation and evolution of galactic gas discs in gadget and arepo haloes with comparable numerical resolution. In a matching sample of gadget and arepo haloes, we fit simulated gas discs with exponential profiles. We find that the cold gas discs formed using the moving-mesh approach have systematically larger disc scale lengths and higher specific angular momenta than their gadget counterparts across a wide range in halo masses. For low-mass galaxies, differences between the properties of the simulated galaxy discs are caused by an insufficient number of resolution elements which lead to the artificial angular momentum transfer in our SPH calculation. We however find that galactic discs formed in massive haloes, resolved with =106?particles/cells, are still systematically smaller in the gadget run by a factor of similar to 2. The reason for this is twofold: (i) the excessive heating of haloes close to the cooling radius due to spurious dissipation of the subsonic turbulence in gadget reduces the supply of gas which can cool and settle on to the central disc; (ii) the efficient delivery of low angular momentum gaseous blobs to the bottom of the potential well results in the centrally concentrated gas discs in gadget simulation. While this large population of gaseous blobs in gadget originates from the filaments which are pressure confined and fragment due to the SPH surface tension while infalling into hot halo atmospheres, it is essentially absent in the moving-mesh calculation, clearly indicating numerical rather than physical origin of the blob material. C1 [Torrey, Paul; Vogelsberger, Mark; Sijacki, Debora; Hernquist, Lars] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Springel, Volker] Heidelberg Inst Theoret Studies, D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany. [Springel, Volker] Heidelberg Univ, Zentrum Astron, ARI, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Torrey, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ptorrey@cfa.harvard.edu OI Torrey, Paul/0000-0002-5653-0786 FU NASA [HST-HF-51282.01-A]; NASA ATP [NNX12AC67G] FX We thank Elena D'Onghia for helpful suggestions on this work and Stephane Courteau for providing observational data in tabulated form. We thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments on this manuscript. DS acknowledges NASA Hubble Fellowship through grant HST-HF-51282.01-A. LH has been supported in part by NASA ATP award NNX12AC67G. NR 66 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 427 IS 3 BP 2224 EP 2238 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22082.x PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 041PX UT WOS:000311414800027 ER PT J AU Kipping, DM AF Kipping, David M. TI An analytic model for rotational modulations in the photometry of spotted stars SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods: analytical; techniques: photometric; planetary systems; starspots ID DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; SUNSPOT DECAY; KAPPA(1) CETI; SYSTEM; SPIN; EFFICIENT; ALIGNMENT; ECLIPSE; II.; LAW AB Photometric rotational modulations due to starspots remain the most common and accessible way to study stellar activity. In the Kepler-era, there now exists precise, continuous photometry of similar to 150?000 stars presenting an unprecedented opportunity for statistical analyses of these modulations. Modelling rotational modulations allows one to invert the observations into several basic parameters, such as the rotation period, spot coverage, stellar inclination and differential rotation rate. The most widely used analytic model for this inversion comes from Budding and Dorren, who considered circular, grey starspots for a linearly limb darkened star. In this work, we extend the model to be more suitable in the analysis of high precision photometry, such as that by Kepler. Our new freely available fortran code, macula, provides several improvements, such as non-linear limb darkening of the star and spot, a single-domain analytic function, partial derivatives for all input parameters, temporal partial derivatives, diluted light compensation, instrumental offset normalizations, differential rotation, starspot evolution and predictions of transit depth variations due to unocculted spots. Through numerical testing, we find that the inclusion of non-linear limb darkening means macula has a maximum photometric error an order-of-magnitude less than that of Dorren, for Sun-like stars observed in the Kepler-bandpass. The code executes three orders-of-magnitude faster than comparable numerical codes making it well suited for inference problems. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kipping, DM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dkipping@cfa.harvard.edu FU NASA FX We are grateful to Pieter Degroote for a very helpful review of our work. Special thanks to Bryce Croll and Gordon Walker for providing us with the MOST data of kappa1 Ceti. Thanks to Jonathan Irwin, Roberto Sanchis-Ojeda and Joel Hartman for very helpful conversations in preparing this work. DMK is funded by the NASA Carl Sagan Fellowships. This research made use of the Michael Dodds Computing Facility, courtesy of the HEK project. NR 57 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 427 IS 3 BP 2487 EP 2511 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22124.x PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 041PX UT WOS:000311414800049 ER PT J AU Steiner, JF Reis, RC Fabian, AC Remillard, RA McClintock, JE Gou, LJ Cooke, R Brenneman, LW Sanders, JS AF Steiner, James F. Reis, Rubens C. Fabian, Andrew C. Remillard, Ronald A. McClintock, Jeffrey E. Gou, Lijun Cooke, Ryan Brenneman, Laura W. Sanders, Jeremy S. TI A broad iron line in LMC X-1 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion discs; black hole physics; stars: individual: LMC X-1; X-rays: binaries ID BLACK-HOLE SPIN; X-RAY REFLECTION; CONTINUUM-FITTING METHOD; ACCRETION DISK; HARD STATE; CYGNUS X-1; XMM-NEWTON; PLUNGING REGION; EMISSION-LINES; LOW/HARD STATE AB We present results from a deep Suzaku observation of the black hole in LMC X-1, supplemented by coincident monitoring with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). We identify broad relativistic reflection features in a soft disc-dominated spectrum. A strong and variable power-law component of emission is present which we use to demonstrate that enhanced Comptonization strengthens disc reflection. We constrain the spin parameter of the black hole by modelling LMC X-1's broad reflection features. For our primary and most comprehensive spectral model, we obtain a high value for the spin: a*=0.97-0.13+0.01 (68 per cent confidence). However, by additionally considering two alternate models as a measure of our systematic uncertainty, we obtain a broader constraint: a*=0.97-0.25+0.02. Both of these spin values are entirely consistent with a previous estimate of spin obtained using the continuum-fitting method. At 99 per cent confidence, the reflection features require a* > 0.2. In addition to modelling the relativistically broadened reflection, we also model a sharp and prominent reflection component that provides strong evidence for substantial reprocessing in the wind of the massive companion. We infer that this wind sustains the ionization cone surrounding the binary system; this hypothesis naturally produces appropriate and consistent mass, time and length scales for the cone structure. C1 [Steiner, James F.; Fabian, Andrew C.; Cooke, Ryan; Sanders, Jeremy S.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Steiner, James F.; McClintock, Jeffrey E.; Gou, Lijun; Brenneman, Laura W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Reis, Rubens C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Remillard, Ronald A.] MIT, MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gou, Lijun] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. RP Steiner, JF (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM jsteiner@ast.cam.ac.uk RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009; OI reis, rubens/0000-0002-6618-2412; Sanders, Jeremy/0000-0003-2189-4501 FU Smithsonian Institution Endowment Funds; NASA [PF1-120087, NNX11AD08G, NNX09AV59G] FX It is a pleasure to thank Shin'ya Yamada, Jon Miller, Aya Kubota and Kazuo Makishima for their input. JFS thanks the RXTE team for their fast and helpful assistance with the TOO observation, and particularly Evan Smith of the RXTE team and Koji Mukai of Suzaku for their ready advice on conducting the observations. We also thank the anonymous referee for a helpful report which improved this work. JFS was partially supported by the Smithsonian Institution Endowment Funds. RCR is supported by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program, grant No. PF1-120087 and is a member of the Michigan Society of Fellows. JEM acknowledges support from NASA grants NNX11AD08G and NNX09AV59G. NR 60 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 427 IS 3 BP 2552 EP 2561 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22128.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 041PX UT WOS:000311414800053 ER PT J AU Kocsis, B Haiman, Z Loeb, A AF Kocsis, Bence Haiman, Zoltan Loeb, Abraham TI Gas pile-up, gap overflow and Type 1.5 migration in circumbinary discs: general theory SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion discs; black hole physics; gravitational waves; galaxies: active ID LOW-MASS PLANETS; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; LINDBLAD RESONANCE TORQUES; DOMINATED ACCRETION DISKS; DENSITY WAVES; SATELLITE INTERACTION; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; NONISOTHERMAL DISKS; RELATIVISTIC DISCS; ORBITAL MIGRATION AB Many astrophysical binaries, from planets to black holes, exert strong torques on their circumbinary accretion discs, and are expected to significantly modify the disc structure. Despite the several decade long history of the subject, the joint evolution of the binary + disc system has not been modelled with self-consistent assumptions for arbitrary mass ratios and accretion rates. Here, we solve the coupled binarydisc evolution equations analytically in the strongly perturbed limit, treating the azimuthally averaged angular momentum exchange between the disc and the binary and the modifications to the density, scaleheight, and viscosity self-consistently, including viscous and tidal heating, diffusion limited cooling, radiation pressure and the orbital decay of the binary. We find a solution with a central cavity and a migration rate similar to those previously obtained for Type II migration, applicable for large masses and binary separations, and near-equal mass ratios. However, we identify a distinct new regime, applicable at smaller separations and masses, and mass ratio in the range 10-3 ? q ? 0.1. For these systems, gas piles up outside the binary's orbit, but rather than creating a cavity, it continuously overflows as in a porous dam. The disc profile is intermediate between a weakly perturbed disc (producing Type I migration) and a disc with a gap (with Type II migration). However, the migration rate of the secondary is typically slower than both Type I and Type II rates. We term this new regime Type 1.5 migration. C1 [Kocsis, Bence; Loeb, Abraham] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Haiman, Zoltan] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Kocsis, B (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM bkocsis@cfa.harvard.edu; zoltan@astro.columbia.edu; aloeb@cfa.harvard.edu RI Kocsis, Bence/C-3061-2013 OI Kocsis, Bence/0000-0002-4865-7517 FU NASA [PF9-00063, NNX08AL43G, NNA09DB30A, NNX11AE05G]; Chandra X-ray Observatory Center; National Aeronautics Space Administration [NAS8-03060]; NSF [AST-0907890] FX We thank Re'em Sari, Taka Tanaka, Alberto Sesana and Roman Rafikov for useful discussions. BK acknowledges support from NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship Award Number PF9-00063 issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. This work was supported in part by NSF grant AST-0907890 and NASA grants NNX08AL43G and NNA09DB30A (to AL) and NASA grant NNX11AE05G (to ZH). NR 69 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 427 IS 3 BP 2660 EP 2679 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22129.x PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 041PX UT WOS:000311414800062 ER PT J AU Kocsis, B Haiman, Z Loeb, A AF Kocsis, Bence Haiman, Zoltan Loeb, Abraham TI Gas pile-up, gap overflow and Type 1.5 migration in circumbinary discs: application to supermassive black hole binaries SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE accretion; accretion discs; black hole physics; gravitational waves; galaxies: active ID I PLANETARY MIGRATION; PULSAR TIMING ARRAYS; LOW-MASS PLANETS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ACCRETION DISKS; ELECTROMAGNETIC COUNTERPARTS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; NONISOTHERMAL DISKS; GRAVITATIONAL-WAVES; ORBITAL MIGRATION AB We study the interaction of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) binary and a standard radiatively efficient thin accretion disc. We examine steady-state configurations of the disc and migrating SMBH system, self-consistently accounting for tidal and viscous torques and heating, radiative diffusion limited cooling, gas and radiation pressure, and the decay of the binary's orbit. We obtain a phase diagram of the system as a function of binary parameters, showing regimes in which both the disc structure and migration have a different character. Although massive binaries can create a central gap in the disc at large radii, the tidal barrier of the secondary causes a significant pile-up of gas outside of its orbit, which can lead to the closing of the gap. We find that this spillover occurs at an orbital separation as large as similar to 200M7-1/2 gravitational radii, where M = 107M7?M? is the total binary mass. If the secondary is less massive than similar to 106?M?, then the gap is closed before gravitational waves (GWs) start dominating the orbital decay. In this regime, the disc is still strongly perturbed, but the piled-up gas continuously overflows as in a porous dam, and crosses inside the secondary's orbit. The corresponding migration rate, which we label Type 1.5, is slower than the usual limiting cases known as Type I and II migration. Compared to an unperturbed disc, the steady-state disc in the overflowing regime is up to several hundred times brighter in the optical bands. Surveys such as PanSTARRS or LSST may discover the periodic variability of this population of binaries. Our results imply that the circumbinary discs around SMBHs can extend to small radii during the last stages of their merger, when they are detectable by LISA, and may produce coincident electromagnetic emission similar to active galactic nuclei. C1 [Kocsis, Bence; Loeb, Abraham] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Haiman, Zoltan] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Kocsis, B (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM bkocsis@cfa.harvard.edu; zoltan@astro.columbia.edu; aloeb@cfa.harvard.edu RI Kocsis, Bence/C-3061-2013 OI Kocsis, Bence/0000-0002-4865-7517 FU NASA [PF9-00063, NNX08AL43G, NNA09DB30A, NNX11AE05G]; Chandra X-ray Observatory Center; National Aeronautics Space Administration [NAS8-03060]; NSF [AST-0907890] FX We thank Re'em Sari, Taka Tanaka, Roman Rafikov and Alberto Sesana for useful discussions. BK acknowledges support from NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship Award Number PF9-00063 issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. This work was supported in part by NSF grant AST-0907890 and NASA grants NNX08AL43G and NNA09DB30A (to AL) and NASA grant NNX11AE05G (to ZH). NR 109 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 427 IS 3 BP 2680 EP 2700 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22118.x PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 041PX UT WOS:000311414800063 ER PT J AU Hayes, KA Cowie, RH Thiengo, SC Strong, EE AF Hayes, Kenneth A. Cowie, Robert H. Thiengo, Silvana C. Strong, Ellen E. TI Comparing apples with apples: clarifying the identities of two highly invasive Neotropical Ampullariidae (Caenogastropoda) SO ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE anatomy; apple snails; biogeography; invasive species; lectotype; mitochondrial DNA; Mollusca; neotype; Pomacea; taxonomy ID SNAIL POMACEA-CANALICULATA; FRESH-WATER SNAIL; SEX-RATIO VARIATION; GASTROPODA AMPULLARIIDAE; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; COLD-HARDINESS; MIDGUT GLAND; CHEMICAL-COMPONENTS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; AQUATIC PLANTS AB Ampullariidae comprises two lineages of freshwater gastropods: one Old World and one New World. Recent molecular work confirmed the monophyly of the family and began to clarify generic relationships, but current systematics remains unsatisfactory. With more than 300 available species group names for New World taxa alone, taxonomic confusion is rampant, as illustrated by two species that have been introduced widely and are difficult to differentiate conchologically, Pomacea maculata Perry, 1810 and Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822). Misidentification hampers efforts to manage their spread and impacts as invasives, and prevents meaningful comparative analyses of their biology. Here we clarify the taxonomy, describe the morphological and genetic distinctiveness of the two species, and re-evaluate their biogeographic ranges. They differ most clearly genetically, with no shared haplotypes and a mean genetic distance of 0.135 at cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). Differences in shell morphology are most obvious in recently hatched juveniles; the number of eggs per clutch is higher in P. maculata, and the individual eggs are smaller, so P. canaliculata hatchlings are nearly twice as large as those of P. maculata. Adult shells differ primarily in the angulation of the whorl shoulder and pigmentation of the inner pallial lip, with the latter a distinctive feature of P. maculata. They also differ in reproductive anatomy, most notably in P. canaliculata having two distinctive glandular tissues in the apical penial sheath gland, and P. maculata lacking a medial sheath gland but possessing a basal sheath gland. Pomacea canaliculata is restricted to a narrower southern range, whereas P. maculata ranges extensively throughout much of South America. Ampullaria gigas Spix, 1827 and Ampullaria insularum d'Orbigny, 1835 are herein synonymized with P. maculata. Neotypes are designated for P. maculata and A. gigas, and a lectotype is designated for A. insularum. A neotype is designated for P. canaliculata. (c) 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 166, 723753. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00867.x C1 [Hayes, Kenneth A.; Cowie, Robert H.] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, Ctr Conservat Res & Training, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Thiengo, Silvana C.] Inst Oswaldo Cruz Fiocruz, BR-2104900 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Strong, Ellen E.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hayes, KA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, Ctr Conservat Res & Training, 3050 Maile Way,Gilmore 408, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM khayes@hawaii.edu RI Thiengo, Silvana /I-2886-2015; OI Strong, Ellen/0000-0001-7181-4114 FU Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship; US Department of Agriculture; National Science Foundation [DEB-0949061] FX We thank: Paul Greenhall for facilitating the shipment of specimens to and from the USNM; Romi Burks and her students for providing comparative data on the egg characters, and for providing material from Uruguay and Texas; Neal Evenhuis for nomenclatural advice; Tim Collins, Tim Rawlings, Nestor Cazzaniga, Alfredo Castro-Vazquez, Pablo Martin, Ricardo San Martin, and Ravi Joshi for providing valuable material; and Aline Mattos, Aline Schilithz, Monica A. Fernandez, Pablo Menezes Coelho, and Sonia Barbosa dos Santos for providing field and laboratory assistance in Brazil. For laboratory space and logistical support in Brazil we thank Dr Wladimir Lobato Paraense, Dr Lygia Correa, and all the research assistants of the Laboratorio de Malacologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Norine W. Yeung provided laboratory assistance at the University of Hawaii and at the Smithsonian Institution. For access to and information from the museum collections in their care we thank: Yves Finet (Geneva); Enrico Schwabe and Michael Schrodl (Munich); David Reed, Kathie Way, and Jon Ablett (London); Philippe Bouchet and Virginie Heros (Paris); Regina Kawamoto (Honolulu); and Gustavo Darrigran (Buenos Aires). Funding was provided by a Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship to K.A.H., the US Department of Agriculture and National Science Foundation grant DEB-0949061. NR 184 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4082 EI 1096-3642 J9 ZOOL J LINN SOC-LOND JI Zool. J. Linn. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 166 IS 4 BP 723 EP 753 DI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00867.x PG 31 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 044GV UT WOS:000311608400002 ER PT J AU Touchon, JC AF Touchon, Justin C. TI A Treefrog with Reproductive Mode Plasticity Reveals a Changing Balance of Selection for Nonaquatic Egg Laying SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE adaptive phenotypic plasticity; altered selection; Anura; evolution of reproduction; Neotropics; Hyla ebraccata ID HYLA-EBRACCATA; NEOTROPICAL TREEFROG; TROPICAL FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HATCHING PLASTICITY; WATER-BALANCE; RANA-AURORA; FROG EGGS; PREDATION; MORTALITY AB Nonaquatic reproduction has evolved repeatedly, but the factors that select for laying eggs on land are not well understood. The treefrog Dendropsophus ebraccatus has plasticity in its reproductive mode, laying eggs that successfully develop in or out of water. This permits the first experimental comparison of the selective agents that shape adult oviposition behavior and embryo developmental capacity. I quantified the sources and strengths of arboreal and aquatic egg mortality and how mortality varies with weather patterns, and I assessed 39 years of daily rainfall patterns to infer historic levels of egg mortality and effects of climate change on the selective balance between aquatic and nonaquatic egg deposition. Aquatic predators and desiccation were the strongest selective agents in water and air, respectively. Egg mortality varied with weather such that aquatic oviposition was advantageous when rainfall was low but laying eggs out of water increased survival when rainfall was high. Additionally, I found that since 1972 there have been significant changes in the rainfall patterns in central Panama, and this has altered the selective landscape acting on egg-laying behavior. This work provides insight into the evolution and maintenance of adaptive phenotypic plasticity as well as historic and current selection on reproduction. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Touchon, JC (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM touchonjc@si.edu FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI); Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente in Panama [SE/A-84-10] FX I thank M. Caldwell, J. Christy, I. Gomez-Mestre, A. Herre, M. Hughey, R. Page, J. Vonesh, K. Warkentin, and five anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) and approved by the Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente in Panama (SE/A-84-10). Rainfall data were provided by the Meteorological and Hydrological Branch of the Panama Canal Authority and are maintained by the Office of Bioinformatics at STRI. Thanks to J. Wright for the use of his camera to take hemispherical canopy photos. NR 74 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 31 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 EI 1537-5323 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 180 IS 6 BP 733 EP 743 DI 10.1086/668079 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 037GL UT WOS:000311090100006 PM 23149398 ER PT J AU Aliu, E Archambault, S Arlen, T Aune, T Beilicke, M Benbow, W Bouvier, A Buckley, JH Bugaev, V Byrum, K Cesarini, A Ciupik, L Collins-Hughes, E Connolly, MP Cui, W Dickherber, R Duke, C Dumm, J Falcone, A Federici, S Feng, Q Finley, JP Finnegan, G Fortson, L Furniss, A Galante, N Gall, D Gillanders, GH Godambe, S Griffin, S Grube, J Gyuk, G Hanna, D Holder, J Huan, H Hughes, G Humensky, TB Kaaret, P Karlsson, N Khassen, Y Kieda, D Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ LeBohec, S Lee, K Lyutikov, M Madhavan, AS Maier, G Majumdar, P McArthur, S McCann, A Moriarty, P Mukherjee, R Nelson, T de Bhroithe, AO Ong, RA Orr, M Otte, AN Park, N Perkins, JS Pohl, M Prokoph, H Quinn, J Ragan, K Reyes, LC Reynolds, PT Roache, E Saxon, DB Schroedter, M Sembroski, GH Senturk, GD Smith, AW Staszak, D Telezhinsky, I Tesic, G Theiling, M Thibadeau, S Tsurusaki, K Varlotta, A Vincent, S Vivier, M Wagner, RG Wakely, SP Weekes, TC Weinstein, A Welsing, R Williams, DA Zitzer, B Kondratiev, V AF Aliu, E. Archambault, S. Arlen, T. Aune, T. Beilicke, M. Benbow, W. Bouvier, A. Buckley, J. H. Bugaev, V. Byrum, K. Cesarini, A. Ciupik, L. Collins-Hughes, E. Connolly, M. P. Cui, W. Dickherber, R. Duke, C. Dumm, J. Falcone, A. Federici, S. Feng, Q. Finley, J. P. Finnegan, G. Fortson, L. Furniss, A. Galante, N. Gall, D. Gillanders, G. H. Godambe, S. Griffin, S. Grube, J. Gyuk, G. Hanna, D. Holder, J. Huan, H. Hughes, G. Humensky, T. B. Kaaret, P. Karlsson, N. Khassen, Y. Kieda, D. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. LeBohec, S. Lee, K. Lyutikov, M. Madhavan, A. S. Maier, G. Majumdar, P. McArthur, S. McCann, A. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. Nelson, T. de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain Ong, R. A. Orr, M. Otte, A. N. Park, N. Perkins, J. S. Pohl, M. Prokoph, H. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reyes, L. C. Reynolds, P. T. Roache, E. Saxon, D. B. Schroedter, M. Sembroski, G. H. Sentuerk, G. D. Smith, A. W. Staszak, D. Telezhinsky, I. Tesic, G. Theiling, M. Thibadeau, S. Tsurusaki, K. Varlotta, A. Vincent, S. Vivier, M. Wagner, R. G. Wakely, S. P. Weekes, T. C. Weinstein, A. Welsing, R. Williams, D. A. Zitzer, B. Kondratiev, V. TI SEARCH FOR A CORRELATION BETWEEN VERY-HIGH-ENERGY GAMMA RAYS AND GIANT RADIO PULSES IN THE CRAB PULSAR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rays: stars; pulsars: individual: B0531+21 ID EMISSION; TELESCOPES; UNIVERSE; PHOTONS; GEMINGA; NEBULA; RANGE; MODEL AB We present the results of a joint observational campaign between the Green Bank radio telescope and the VERITAS gamma-ray telescope, which searched for a correlation between the emission of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays (E-gamma > 150 GeV) and giant radio pulses (GRPs) from the Crab pulsar at 8.9 GHz. A total of 15,366 GRPs were recorded during 11.6 hr of simultaneous observations, which were made across four nights in 2008 December and in 2009 November and December. We searched for an enhancement of the pulsed gamma-ray emission within time windows placed around the arrival time of the GRP events. In total, eight different time windows with durations ranging from 0.033 ms to 72 s were positioned at three different locations relative to the GRP to search for enhanced gamma-ray emission which lagged, led, or was concurrent with, the GRP event. Furthermore, we performed separate searches on main pulse GRPs and interpulse GRPs and on the most energetic GRPs in our data sample. No significant enhancement of pulsed VHE emission was found in any of the preformed searches. We set upper limits of 5-10 times the average VHE flux of the Crab pulsar on the flux simultaneous with interpulse GRPs on single-rotation-period timescales. On similar to 8 s timescales around interpulse GRPs, we set an upper limit of 2-3 times the average VHE flux. Within the framework of recent models for pulsed VHE emission from the Crab pulsar, the expected VHE-GRP emission correlations are below the derived limits. C1 [Aliu, E.; Mukherjee, R.] Columbia Univ, Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Archambault, S.; Griffin, S.; Hanna, D.; Ragan, K.; Staszak, D.; Tesic, G.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Arlen, T.; Majumdar, P.; Ong, R. A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Aune, T.; Bouvier, A.; Furniss, A.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Aune, T.; Bouvier, A.; Furniss, A.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Beilicke, M.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Dickherber, R.; Krawczynski, H.; Lee, K.; McArthur, S.; Thibadeau, S.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Benbow, W.; Galante, N.; Roache, E.; Schroedter, M.; Weekes, T. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Byrum, K.; Wagner, R. G.; Zitzer, B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cesarini, A.; Connolly, M. P.; Gillanders, G. H.; Lang, M. J.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Ciupik, L.; Grube, J.; Gyuk, G.] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Collins-Hughes, E.; Khassen, Y.; de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain; Quinn, J.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Cui, W.; Feng, Q.; Finley, J. P.; Lyutikov, M.; Sembroski, G. H.; Theiling, M.; Varlotta, A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Duke, C.] Grinnell Coll, Dept Phys, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. [Dumm, J.; Fortson, L.; Karlsson, N.; Nelson, T.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Falcone, A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Federici, S.; Hughes, G.; Maier, G.; Pohl, M.; Prokoph, H.; Telezhinsky, I.; Vincent, S.; Welsing, R.] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Federici, S.; Pohl, M.; Telezhinsky, I.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Finnegan, G.; Godambe, S.; Kieda, D.; LeBohec, S.; Smith, A. W.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Gall, D.; Kaaret, P.; Tsurusaki, K.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Holder, J.; Saxon, D. B.; Vivier, M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Holder, J.; Saxon, D. B.; Vivier, M.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Huan, H.; Park, N.; Wakely, S. P.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Humensky, T. B.; Sentuerk, G. D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Krennrich, F.; Madhavan, A. S.; Orr, M.; Weinstein, A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [McCann, A.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Moriarty, P.] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Life & Phys Sci, Galway, Ireland. [Otte, A. N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Otte, A. N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] NASA, GSFC, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Reyes, L. C.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 94307 USA. [Reynolds, P. T.] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys & Instrumentat, Cork, Ireland. [Kondratiev, V.] Netherlands Inst Radio Astron, ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Kondratiev, V.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Ctr Astro Space, Moscow 117997, Russia. RP Aliu, E (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM mccann@kicp.uchicago.edu; nepomuk.otte@gmail.com; schroedter@veritas.sao.arizona.edu RI Khassen, Yerbol/I-3806-2015; Kondratiev, Vladislav/N-1105-2015; OI Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610; Khassen, Yerbol/0000-0002-7296-3100; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201; Kondratiev, Vladislav/0000-0001-8864-7471; Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; U.S. National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; NSERC in Canada; Science Foundation Ireland [SFI 10/RFP/AST2748]; STFC in the UK FX This research is supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, the U.S. National Science Foundation, and the Smithsonian Institution, by NSERC in Canada, by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI 10/RFP/AST2748), and by STFC in the UK. We acknowledge the excellent work of the technical support staff at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory and at the collaborating institutions in the construction and operation of the instrument. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 2 AR 136 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/760/2/136 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 039BE UT WOS:000311217000040 ER PT J AU Araujo, D Bischoff, C Brizius, A Buder, I Chinone, Y Cleary, K Dumoulin, RN Kusaka, A Monsalve, R Kaess, S Newburgh, LB Reeves, R Wehus, IK Zwart, JTL Bronfman, L Bustos, R Church, SE Dickinson, C Eriksen, HK Gaier, T Gundersen, JO Hasegawa, M Hazumi, M Huffenberger, KM Ishidoshiro, K Jones, ME Kangaslahti, P Kapner, DJ Kubik, D Lawrence, CR Limon, M McMahon, JJ Miller, AD Nagai, M Nguyen, H Nixon, G Pearson, TJ Piccirillo, L Radford, SJE Readhead, ACS Richards, JL Samtleben, D Seiffert, M Shepherd, MC Smith, KM Staggs, ST Tajima, O Thompson, KL Vanderlinde, K Williamson, R AF Araujo, D. Bischoff, C. Brizius, A. Buder, I. Chinone, Y. Cleary, K. Dumoulin, R. N. Kusaka, A. Monsalve, R. Kaess, S. Newburgh, L. B. Reeves, R. Wehus, I. K. Zwart, J. T. L. Bronfman, L. Bustos, R. Church, S. E. Dickinson, C. Eriksen, H. K. Gaier, T. Gundersen, J. O. Hasegawa, M. Hazumi, M. Huffenberger, K. M. Ishidoshiro, K. Jones, M. E. Kangaslahti, P. Kapner, D. J. Kubik, D. Lawrence, C. R. Limon, M. McMahon, J. J. Miller, A. D. Nagai, M. Nguyen, H. Nixon, G. Pearson, T. J. Piccirillo, L. Radford, S. J. E. Readhead, A. C. S. Richards, J. L. Samtleben, D. Seiffert, M. Shepherd, M. C. Smith, K. M. Staggs, S. T. Tajima, O. Thompson, K. L. Vanderlinde, K. Williamson, R. CA QUIET Collaboration TI SECOND SEASON QUIET OBSERVATIONS: MEASUREMENTS OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIZATION POWER SPECTRUM AT 95 GHz SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; gravitational waves; inflation; polarization ID CMB POLARIZATION; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; GRAVITY-WAVES; PROBE; CONSTRAINTS; TEMPERATURE; TELESCOPE; IMAGER AB The Q/U Imaging ExperimenT (QUIET) has observed the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at 43 and 95 GHz. The 43 GHz results have been published in a previous paper, and here we report the measurement of CMB polarization power spectra using the 95 GHz data. This data set comprises 5337 hr of observations recorded by an array of 84 polarized coherent receivers with a total array sensitivity of 87 mu K root s. Four low-foreground fields were observed, covering a total of similar to 1000 deg(2) with an effective angular resolution of 12.'8, allowing for constraints on primordial gravitational waves and high signal-to-noise measurements of the E-modes across three acoustic peaks. The data reduction was performed using two independent analysis pipelines, one based on a pseudo-C-l (PCL) cross-correlation approach, and the other on a maximum-likelihood (ML) approach. All data selection criteria and filters were modified until a predefined set of null tests had been satisfied before inspecting any non-null power spectrum. The results derived by the two pipelines are in good agreement. We characterize the EE, EB, and BB power spectra between l = 25 and 975 and find that the EE spectrum is consistent with Lambda CDM, while the BB power spectrum is consistent with zero. Based on these measurements, we constrain the tensor-to-scalar ratio to r = 1.1(-0.8)(+0.9) (r < 2.8 at 95% C. L.) as derived by the ML pipeline, and r = 1.2(-0.8)(+0.9) (r < 2.7 at 95% C. L.) as derived by the PCL pipeline. In one of the fields, we find a correlation with the dust component of the Planck Sky Model, though the corresponding excess power is small compared to statistical errors. Finally, we derive limits on all known systematic errors, and demonstrate that these correspond to a tensor-to-scalar ratio smaller than r = 0.01, the lowest level yet reported in the literature. C1 [Araujo, D.; Dumoulin, R. N.; Newburgh, L. B.; Zwart, J. T. L.; Limon, M.; Miller, A. D.; Williamson, R.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Dumoulin, R. N.; Newburgh, L. B.; Zwart, J. T. L.; Limon, M.; Miller, A. D.; Williamson, R.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Bischoff, C.; Brizius, A.; Buder, I.; Kusaka, A.; Kapner, D. J.; Smith, K. M.; Tajima, O.; Vanderlinde, K.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bischoff, C.; Buder, I.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Brizius, A.; Samtleben, D.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Chinone, Y.; Hasegawa, M.; Hazumi, M.; Ishidoshiro, K.; Nagai, M.; Tajima, O.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Chinone, Y.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Astron Inst, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Cleary, K.; Reeves, R.; Pearson, T. J.; Radford, S. J. E.; Readhead, A. C. S.; Richards, J. L.; Shepherd, M. C.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kusaka, A.; Newburgh, L. B.; Nixon, G.; Smith, K. M.; Staggs, S. T.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Monsalve, R.; Bustos, R.; Gundersen, J. O.; Huffenberger, K. M.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Monsalve, R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Kaess, S.; Eriksen, H. K.] Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway. [Wehus, I. K.; Jones, M. E.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Wehus, I. K.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Zwart, J. T. L.] Univ Western Cape, Dept Phys, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. [Bronfman, L.; Bustos, R.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Bustos, R.] Univ Concepcion, Dept Astron, Concepcion, Chile. [Church, S. E.; Thompson, K. L.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Church, S. E.; Thompson, K. L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Dickinson, C.; Piccirillo, L.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Eriksen, H. K.] Univ Oslo, Ctr Math Applicat, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Gaier, T.; Kangaslahti, P.; Lawrence, C. R.; Seiffert, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kapner, D. J.] Micro Encoder Inc, Kirkland, WA 98034 USA. [Kubik, D.; Nguyen, H.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [McMahon, J. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Nixon, G.] Tradeworx Inc, Red Bank, NJ 07701 USA. [Samtleben, D.] Nikhef, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Vanderlinde, K.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. RP Araujo, D (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM ibuder@uchicago.edu RI Bronfman, Leonardo/H-9544-2013; Reeves, Rodrigo/H-2812-2014; Williamson, Ross/H-1734-2015; Pearson, Timothy/N-2376-2015; OI Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099; Bronfman, Leonardo/0000-0002-9574-8454; Bischoff, Colin/0000-0001-9185-6514; Reeves, Rodrigo/0000-0001-5704-271X; Williamson, Ross/0000-0002-6945-2975; Pearson, Timothy/0000-0001-5213-6231; Limon, Michele/0000-0002-5900-2698; radford, simon/0000-0001-9113-1660; Zwart, Jonathan/0000-0002-4967-946X FU NSF [AST-0506648, PHY-0355328, AST-0448909, PHY-0551142, PHY-0855887, AST-1010016]; KAKENHI [20244041, 20740158, 21111002]; PRODEX [C90284]; KIPAC Enterprise grant; Strategic Alliance for the Implementation of New Technologies (SAINT); Fermilab; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics; University of Chicago; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; JPL RTD program; STFC; ERC IRG grant under FP7; CONICYT [Basal PFB-06]; ALMA-Conicyt [31070015]; Sloan foundation; ERC FX Support for the QUIET instrument and operation comes through the NSF cooperative agreement AST-0506648. Support was also provided by NSF awards PHY-0355328, AST-0448909, PHY-0551142, PHY-0855887, and AST-1010016; KAKENHI 20244041, 20740158, and 21111002; PRODEX C90284; a KIPAC Enterprise grant; and by the Strategic Alliance for the Implementation of New Technologies (SAINT).; Some work was performed on the Joint Fermilab-KICP Supercomputing Cluster, supported by grants from Fermilab, the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, and the University of Chicago. Some work was performed on the Titan Cluster, owned and maintained by the University of Oslo and NOTUR (the Norwegian High Performance Computing Consortium), and on the Central Computing System, owned and operated by the Computing Research Center at KEK. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Portions of this work were performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and California Institute of Technology, operating under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Q-band modules were developed using funding from the JPL R&TD program. We acknowledge the Northrop Grumman Corporation for collaboration in the development and fabrication of HEMT-based cryogenic temperature-compatible MMICs. We acknowledge the use of the Planck Sky Model, developed by the Component Separation Working Group (WG2) of the Planck Collaboration. Some of the results in this paper have been derived using the HEALPix (Gorski et al. 2005) software and analysis package.; C.D. acknowledges an STFC Advanced Fellowship and an ERC IRG grant under FP7. R.B. acknowledges support from CONICYT project Basal PFB-06 and ALMA-Conicyt 31070015. A.D.M. acknowledges a Sloan foundation fellowship. H.K.E. acknowledges an ERC Starting Grant under FP7. NR 60 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 2 AR 145 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/760/2/145 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 039BE UT WOS:000311217000049 ER PT J AU Beerman, LC Johnson, LC Fouesneau, M Dalcanton, JJ Weisz, DR Seth, AC Williams, BF Bell, EF Bianchi, LC Caldwell, N Dolphin, AE Gouliermis, DA Kalirai, JS Larsen, SS Melbourne, JL Rix, HW Skillman, ED AF Beerman, Lori C. Johnson, L. Clifton Fouesneau, Morgan Dalcanton, Julianne J. Weisz, Daniel R. Seth, Anil C. Williams, Ben F. Bell, Eric F. Bianchi, Luciana C. Caldwell, Nelson Dolphin, Andrew E. Gouliermis, Dimitrios A. Kalirai, Jason S. Larsen, Soren S. Melbourne, Jason L. Rix, Hans-Walter Skillman, Evan D. TI THE PANCHROMATIC HUBBLE ANDROMEDA TREASURY. III. MEASURING AGES AND MASSES OF PARTIALLY RESOLVED STELLAR CLUSTERS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: stellar content ID EVOLUTIONARY SYNTHESIS MODELS; YOUNG STAR-CLUSTERS; LMC CLUSTERS; INTEGRATED COLORS; STOCHASTIC FLUCTUATIONS; MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; POPULATIONS; LUMINOSITY; I.; GALAXIES AB The apparent age and mass of a stellar cluster can be strongly affected by stochastic sampling of the stellar initial mass function (IMF), when inferred from the integrated color of low-mass clusters (less than or similar to 10(4) M-circle dot). We use simulated star clusters to show that these effects are minimized when the brightest, rapidly evolving stars in a cluster can be resolved, and the light of the fainter, more numerous unresolved stars can be analyzed separately. When comparing the light from the less luminous cluster members to models of unresolved light, more accurate age estimates can be obtained than when analyzing the integrated light from the entire cluster under the assumption that the IMF is fully populated. We show the success of this technique first using simulated clusters, and then with a stellar cluster in M31. This method represents one way of accounting for the discrete, stochastic sampling of the stellar IMF in less massive clusters and can be leveraged in studies of clusters throughout the Local Group and other nearby galaxies. C1 [Beerman, Lori C.; Johnson, L. Clifton; Fouesneau, Morgan; Dalcanton, Julianne J.; Weisz, Daniel R.; Williams, Ben F.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Seth, Anil C.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Bell, Eric F.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bianchi, Luciana C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Caldwell, Nelson] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Dolphin, Andrew E.] Raytheon Co, Tucson, AZ 85756 USA. [Gouliermis, Dimitrios A.] Univ Heidelberg, Inst Theoret Astrophys, Zentrum Astron, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Gouliermis, Dimitrios A.; Rix, Hans-Walter] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Kalirai, Jason S.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Larsen, Soren S.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Melbourne, Jason L.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Caltech Opt Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Skillman, Evan D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Beerman, LC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM beermalc@astro.washington.edu OI Gouliermis, Dimitrios/0000-0002-2763-0075; Johnson, Lent/0000-0001-6421-0953; Bell, Eric/0000-0002-5564-9873 FU NASA through Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-GO-12055]; NASA [NAS5-26555]; German Research Foundation (DFG) [GO 1659/3-1] FX The authors acknowledge the collective efforts of the entire PHAT team in this project. This research made extensive use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. Support for this work was provided by NASA through grant number HST-GO-12055 from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. D.A.G. gratefully acknowledges support by the German Research Foundation (DFG) through grant GO 1659/3-1. Also, the authors thank the anonymous referee for a prompt and useful report. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 2 AR 104 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/760/2/104 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 039BE UT WOS:000311217000008 ER PT J AU Cheung, E Faber, SM Koo, DC Dutton, AA Simard, L McGrath, EJ Huang, JS Bell, EF Dekel, A Fang, JJ Salim, S Barro, G Bundy, K Coil, AL Cooper, MC Conselice, CJ Davis, M Dominguez, A Kassin, SA Kocevski, DD Koekemoer, AM Lin, LW Lotz, JM Newman, JA Phillips, AC Rosario, DJ Weiner, BJ Willmer, CNA AF Cheung, Edmond Faber, S. M. Koo, David C. Dutton, Aaron A. Simard, Luc McGrath, Elizabeth J. Huang, J. -S. Bell, Eric F. Dekel, Avishai Fang, Jerome J. Salim, Samir Barro, G. Bundy, K. Coil, A. L. Cooper, Michael C. Conselice, C. J. Davis, M. Dominguez, A. Kassin, Susan A. Kocevski, Dale D. Koekemoer, Anton M. Lin, Lihwai Lotz, Jennifer M. Newman, J. A. Phillips, Andrew C. Rosario, D. J. Weiner, Benjamin J. Willmer, C. N. A. TI THE DEPENDENCE OF QUENCHING UPON THE INNER STRUCTURE OF GALAXIES AT 0.5 <= z < 0.8 IN THE DEEP2/AEGIS SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: bulges; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; galaxies: fundamental parameters; galaxies: structure ID DEEP GROTH STRIP; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAM; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; CENTRAL BLACK-HOLES; ARECIBO SDSS SURVEY; MASSIVE GALAXIES; STELLAR MASS AB The shutdown of star formation in galaxies is generally termed "quenching." Quenching may occur through a variety of processes, e.g., active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback, stellar feedback, or the shock heating of gas in the dark matter halo. However, which mechanism(s) is, in fact, responsible for quenching is still in question. This paper addresses quenching by searching for traces of possible quenching processes through their effects on galaxy structural parameters such as stellar mass (M-*), M-*/r(e), surface stellar mass density (similar to M-*/r(e)(2)), and Sersic index (n). We analyze the rest-frame U - B color correlations versus these structural parameters using a sample of galaxies in the redshift range 0.5 <= z < 0.8 from the DEEP2/AEGIS survey. In addition to global radii, stellar masses, and Sersic parameters, we also use "bulge" and "disk" photometric measurements from GIM2D fits to HST/ACS V and I images. We assess the tightness of the color relationships by measuring their "overlap regions," defined as the area in color-parameter space in which red and blue galaxies overlap; the parameter that minimizes these overlap regions is considered to be the most effective color discriminator. We find that Sersic index (n) has the smallest overlap region among all tested parameters and resembles a step function with a threshold value of n = 2.3. There exists, however, a significant population of outliers with blue colors yet high n values that seem to contradict this behavior; they make up approximate to 40% of n > 2.3 galaxies. We hypothesize that their Sersic values may be distorted by bursts of star formation, AGNs, and/or poor fits, leading us to consider central surface stellar mass density, Sigma*(1) (kpc), as an alternative to Sersic index. Not only does Sigma*(1) (kpc) correct the outliers, but it also forms a tight relationship with color, suggesting that the innermost structure of galaxies is most physically linked with quenching. Furthermore, at z similar to 0.65, the majority of the blue cloud galaxies cannot simply fade onto the red sequence since their GIM2D bulge masses are only half as large on average as the bulge masses of similar red sequence galaxies, thus demonstrating that stellar mass must absolutely increase at the centers of galaxies as they quench. We discuss a two-stage model for quenching in which galaxy star formation rates are controlled by their dark halos while they are still in the blue cloud and a second quenching process sets in later, associated with the central stellar mass buildup. The mass buildup is naturally explained by any non-axisymmetric features in the potential, such as those induced by mergers and/or disk instabilities. However, the identity of the second quenching agent is still unknown. We have placed our data catalog online. C1 [Cheung, Edmond; Faber, S. M.; Koo, David C.; McGrath, Elizabeth J.; Fang, Jerome J.; Barro, G.; Kocevski, Dale D.; Phillips, Andrew C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Faber, S. M.; Koo, David C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dutton, Aaron A.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Simard, Luc] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Huang, J. -S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bell, Eric F.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dekel, Avishai] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Salim, Samir; Lotz, Jennifer M.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Bundy, K.] Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Coil, A. L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Cooper, Michael C.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Galaxy Evolut, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Conselice, C. J.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Davis, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dominguez, A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys & Astron, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Kassin, Susan A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Koekemoer, Anton M.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Lin, Lihwai] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Newman, J. A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Rosario, D. J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Weiner, Benjamin J.; Willmer, C. N. A.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Cheung, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM ec2250@gmail.com RI Conselice, Christopher/B-4348-2013; OI Conselice, Christopher/0000-0003-1949-7638; Cheung, Edmond/0000-0001-8546-1428; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048; Bell, Eric/0000-0002-5564-9873 FU National Science Foundation [AST 95-29098, 00-711098, 05-07483, 08-08133, AST 00-71048, 05-07428, 08-07630]; NASA [HST-AR-01947] FX The DEEP2 survey was initiated under the auspices of the NSF Center for Particle Astrophysics. Major grant support was provided by National Science Foundation grants AST 95-29098, 00-711098, 05-07483, and 08-08133 to UCSC and AST 00-71048, 05-07428, and 08-07630 to UCB. The DEEP2 survey has been made possible through the dedicated efforts of the DEIMOS instrument team at UC Santa Cruz and support of the staff at Keck Observatory. The HST ACS mosaic in EGS was constructed by Anton Koekemoer and Jennifer Lotz and was funded by grant HST-AR-01947 from NASA. Finally, we recognize and acknowledge the highly significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community; it has been a privilege to be given the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. NR 179 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 2 AR 131 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/760/2/131 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 039BE UT WOS:000311217000035 ER PT J AU Frisch, PC Andersson, BG Berdyugin, A Piirola, V DeMajistre, R Funsten, HO Magalhaes, AM Seriacopi, DB McComas, DJ Schwadron, NA Slavin, JD Wiktorowicz, SJ AF Frisch, P. C. Andersson, B-G Berdyugin, A. Piirola, V. DeMajistre, R. Funsten, H. O. Magalhaes, A. M. Seriacopi, D. B. McComas, D. J. Schwadron, N. A. Slavin, J. D. Wiktorowicz, S. J. TI THE INTERSTELLAR MAGNETIC FIELD CLOSE TO THE SUN. II. SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: bubbles; ISM: magnetic fields; local interstellar matter; methods: data analysis; polarization; Sun: heliosphere ID BOUNDARY-EXPLORER RIBBON; NEUTRAL ATOM MAPS; LOCAL BUBBLE; IBEX RIBBON; LINEAR-POLARIZATION; OUTER HELIOSHEATH; GRAIN ALIGNMENT; COSMIC-RAYS; OPTICAL POLARIZATION; STELLAR POLARIZATION AB The magnetic field in the local interstellar medium (ISM) provides a key indicator of the galactic environment of the Sun and influences the shape of the heliosphere. We have studied the interstellar magnetic field (ISMF) in the solar vicinity using polarized starlight for stars within 40 pc of the Sun and 90 degrees of the heliosphere nose. In Frisch et al. (Paper I), we developed a method for determining the local ISMF direction by finding the best match to a group of interstellar polarization position angles obtained toward nearby stars, based on the assumption that the polarization is parallel to the ISMF. In this paper, we extend the analysis by utilizing weighted fits to the position angles and by including new observations acquired for this study. We find that the local ISMF is pointed toward the galactic coordinates l, b = 47 degrees +/- 20 degrees, 25 degrees +/- 20 degrees. This direction is close to the direction of the ISMF that shapes the heliosphere, l, b = 33 degrees +/- 4 degrees, 55 degrees +/- 4 degrees, as traced by the center of the "Ribbon" of energetic neutral atoms discovered by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission. Both the magnetic field direction and the kinematics of the local ISM are consistent with a scenario where the local ISM is a fragment of the Loop I superbubble. A nearby ordered component of the local ISMF has been identified in the region l approximate to 0 degrees -> 80 degrees and b approximate to 0 degrees -> 30 degrees, where PlanetPol data show a distance-dependent increase of polarization strength. The ordered component extends to within 8 pc of the Sun and implies a weak curvature in the nearby ISMF of +/- 0 degrees.25 pc(-1). This conclusion is conditioned on the small sample of stars available for defining this rotation. Variations from the ordered component suggest a turbulent component of +/- 23 degrees. The ordered component and standard relations between polarization, color excess, and H-o column density predict a reasonable increase of N(H) with distance in the local ISM. The similarity of the ISMF directions traced by the polarizations, the IBEX Ribbon, and pulsars inside the Local Bubble in the third galactic quadrant suggest that the ISMF is relatively uniform over spatial scales of 8-200 pc and is more similar to interarm than spiral-arm magnetic fields. The ISMF direction from the polarization data is also consistent with small-scale spatial asymmetries detected in GeV-TeV cosmic rays with a galactic origin. The peculiar geometrical relation found earlier between the cosmic microwave background dipole moment, the heliosphere nose, and the ISMF direction is supported by this study. The interstellar radiation field at +/- 975 angstrom does not appear to play a role in grain alignment for the low-density ISM studied here. C1 [Frisch, P. C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Andersson, B-G] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, SOFIA Sci Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Berdyugin, A.; Piirola, V.] Univ Turku, Finnish Ctr Astron ESO, SF-20500 Turku, Finland. [DeMajistre, R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Funsten, H. O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Magalhaes, A. M.; Seriacopi, D. B.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geofis & Ciencias Atmosfer, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [McComas, D. J.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Schwadron, N. A.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Slavin, J. D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wiktorowicz, S. J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [McComas, D. J.] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Frisch, PC (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI 7, INCT/H-6207-2013; Astrofisica, Inct/H-9455-2013; Magalhaes, Antonio Mario/K-9532-2013; Funsten, Herbert/A-5702-2015; OI Funsten, Herbert/0000-0002-6817-1039; Andersson, B-G/0000-0001-6717-0686 FU IBEX mission; NASA's Explorer Program; NASA [NNX09AH50G, NNX08AJ33G] FX This work was supported by the IBEX mission as part of NASA's Explorer Program, and by NASA grants NNX09AH50G and NNX08AJ33G to the University of Chicago. We are grateful for observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope, operated on the island of La Palma jointly by Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. We are also grateful for observations made with telescopes at the Observatorio do Pico dos Dias of the Laboratorio Nacional de Astrofisica of Brazil. NR 112 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 2 AR 106 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/760/2/106 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 039BE UT WOS:000311217000010 ER PT J AU Korzennik, SG Rabello-Soares, MC Schou, J AF Korzennik, S. G. Rabello-Soares, M. C. Schou, J. TI ON THE DETERMINATION OF MICHELSON DOPPLER IMAGER HIGH-DEGREE MODE FREQUENCIES (vol 602, 481, 2004) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 [Korzennik, S. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rabello-Soares, M. C.; Schou, J.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Korzennik, SG (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Rabello Soares, Maria Cristina/C-3207-2013 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 2 AR 156 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/760/2/156 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 039BE UT WOS:000311217000060 ER PT J AU Perets, HB Kratter, KM AF Perets, Hagai B. Kratter, Kaitlin M. TI THE TRIPLE EVOLUTION DYNAMICAL INSTABILITY: STELLAR COLLISIONS IN THE FIELD AND THE FORMATION OF EXOTIC BINARIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: close; binaries: general; instabilities; stars: AGB and post-AGB; stars: evolution; stars: kinematics and dynamics; stars: mass-loss; white dwarfs ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; MILLISECOND PULSARS; COMPACT OBJECTS; BLUE STRAGGLERS; IA SUPERNOVAE; WHITE-DWARFS; BARIUM STARS; SYSTEMS AB Physical collisions and close approaches between stars play an important role in the formation of exotic stellar systems. Standard theories suggest that collisions are rare, occurring only via random encounters between stars in dense clusters. We present a different formation pathway, the triple evolution dynamical instability (TEDI), in which mass loss in an evolving triple star system causes orbital instability. The subsequent chaotic orbital evolution of the stars triggers close encounters, collisions, exchanges between the stellar components, and the dynamical formation of eccentric compact binaries (including Sirius-like binaries). We demonstrate that the rate of stellar collisions due to the TEDI is approximately 10(-4) yr(-1) per Milky Way Galaxy, which is nearly 30 times higher than the total collision rate due to random encounters in the Galactic globular clusters. Moreover, we find that the dominant type of stellar collision is qualitatively different; most collisions involve asymptotic giant branch stars, rather than main sequence or slightly evolved stars, which dominate collisions in globular clusters. The TEDI mechanism should lead us to revise our understanding of collisions and the formation of compact, eccentric binaries in the field. C1 [Perets, Hagai B.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Perets, Hagai B.; Kratter, Kaitlin M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Perets, HB (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RI Perets, Hagai/K-9605-2015 OI Perets, Hagai/0000-0002-5004-199X FU BIKURA (FIRST) Israel Science Foundation; CfA fellowship through the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Institute for Theory and Computation Fellowship through the Harvard College Observatory FX We thank J. Hurley for providing the openly accessible SSE and BSE stellar evolution codes, S. Tremaine for helpful discussion on wide binaries in the context of this work, as well as F. Rasio and P. Eggelton for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We also thank the referee, Christopher Tout, for helpful suggestions which much improved the clarity of this work. H.B.P. acknowledges support from the BIKURA (FIRST) Israel Science Foundation and the CfA fellowship through the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. K.M.K. is supported by the Institute for Theory and Computation Fellowship through the Harvard College Observatory. NR 71 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 2 AR 99 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/760/2/99 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 039BE UT WOS:000311217000003 ER PT J AU Roberts, TP Fabbiano, G Luo, B Kim, DW Strader, J Middleton, MJ Brodie, JP Fragos, T Gallagher, JS Kalogera, V King, AR Zezas, A AF Roberts, T. P. Fabbiano, G. Luo, B. Kim, D. -W. Strader, J. Middleton, M. J. Brodie, J. P. Fragos, T. Gallagher, J. S. Kalogera, V. King, A. R. Zezas, A. TI A VARIABLE ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE IN A GLOBULAR CLUSTER IN NGC 4649 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE globular clusters: general; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: galaxies ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; MASS BLACK-HOLES; BROAD O-III; SOURCE CANDIDATES; NEARBY GALAXIES; RZ 2109; N II; CHANDRA; POPULATION; DEPENDENCE AB We report the discovery of a new ultraluminous X-ray source associated with a globular cluster in the elliptical galaxy NGC 4649. The X-ray source was initially detected with a luminosity below 5 x 10(38) erg s(-1), but in subsequent observations 7 and 11 years later it had brightened substantially to 2-3 x 10(39) erg s(-1). Over the course of six separate observations it displayed significant spectral variability, in both continuum slope and absorption column. Short-term variability in the X-ray flux was also present in at least one observation. The properties of this object appear consistent with a stellar-mass black hole accreting at super-Eddington rates (i.e., in the ultraluminous accretion state), although a highly super-Eddington neutron star cannot be excluded. The coincidence of an increase in absorption column with a possible enhancement in short-term variability in at least one observation is suggestive of a clumpy, radiatively driven wind crossing our line of sight to the object. C1 [Roberts, T. P.; Middleton, M. J.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Fabbiano, G.; Luo, B.; Kim, D. -W.; Strader, J.; Fragos, T.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Strader, J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brodie, J. P.] UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Gallagher, J. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kalogera, V.] Northwestern Univ, CIERA, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Kalogera, V.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [King, A. R.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Zezas, A.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, GR-71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. RP Roberts, TP (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Phys, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM t.p.roberts@durham.ac.uk RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011; Fragos, Tassos/A-3581-2016 OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Fragos, Tassos/0000-0003-1474-1523 FU Royal Society; NASA [GO-12369.01-A HST, GO1-12110X Chandra]; CXC behalf NASA [NAS8-03060] FX The authors thank an anonymous referee for comments that have improved this paper. T.P.R. thanks the Royal Society for the award of an International Exchange scheme grant. This work was supported under NASA grants GO-12369.01-A HST (PI: Fabbiano) and GO1-12110X Chandra (PI: Fabbiano). We acknowledge support from the CXC, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) for and on behalf of NASA under contract NAS8-03060. G.F. thanks the Aspen Center for Physics. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 2 AR 135 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/760/2/135 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 039BE UT WOS:000311217000039 ER PT J AU Vaslet, A Phillips, DL France, C Feller, IC Baldwin, CC AF Vaslet, A. Phillips, D. L. France, C. Feller, I. C. Baldwin, C. C. TI The relative importance of mangroves and seagrass beds as feeding areas for resident and transient fishes among different mangrove habitats in Florida and Belize: Evidence from dietary and stable-isotope analyses SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Feeding habitats; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrass beds; Stable isotopes; Western Atlantic ID INCORPORATING CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENCE; JUVENILE REEF FISH; ORGANIC-MATTER; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; MIXING MODELS; SYRINGODIUM-FILIFORME; STOMACH CONTENTS; CARBON ISOTOPES; FOOD SOURCES; SALT-MARSH AB In the western Atlantic region, the contribution of mangrove food sources to fish diets has been considered of more limited importance than previously expected due to the proximity of mangroves to adjacent potential food sources such as those in seagrass beds. To investigate the influence of different types of mangrove habitats on the relative contribution of mangrove and seagrass food sources in fish diets, four mangrove habitats adjacent to seagrass beds were studied in Florida and Belize using gut-contents and stable-isotope analyses: mangrove fringe forests, basin mangrove, mangrove ponds and overwash mangrove islets. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope compositions of 41 fish taxa and an array of potential primary (microphytobenthos, litter, seagrass leaves and their epiphytes, algae, plankton) and secondary (benthic invertebrates) prey were analyzed with SIAR mixing models to examine food source contributions in fish diets relative to habitat type. In all study sites, delta C-13 values of mangrove prey were significantly depleted relative to those from seagrass beds, allowing stable isotopes to provide reliable insights about origins of fish food. Seagrass prey located near basin mangroves in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL, Florida) had more negative delta C-13 signatures than seagrass prey adjacent to fringing mangroves of the Florida Keys, suggesting that seagrass from the IRL incorporated dissolved inorganic carbon from mangroves. Contributions of mangrove and seagrass prey to fish diets were influenced by type of mangrove habitat and fish residency status. Resident species significantly relied on mangrove prey, whereas only four transients foraged in mangroves. Most transient fishes occurring in basin and fringing mangroves actively foraged in nearby seagrass beds, thus reinforcing the limited role of mangroves as fish foraging habitat for transient species. However, a shift in fish diet was observed for transient species from mangrove ponds, in which they relied on mangrove prey. In overwash mangroves (Belize). the enriched carbon signatures of fishes and the generally higher contributions of seagrass prey to fish diets suggest that fishes derived most of their food from seagrass beds. This trend was particularly highlighted for juvenile reef fishes that shelter in mangroves but forage in nearby seagrass beds. These findings emphasize the importance of considering fish ecology (residency and life status) and type of mangrove habitat when assessing the contribution of mangrove prey to fish food webs in the western Atlantic region. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vaslet, A.] Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Phillips, D. L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [France, C.] Smithsonian Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Feller, I. C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Baldwin, C. C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Vaslet, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM amandine.vaslet@gmail.com OI Feller, Ilka/0000-0002-6391-1608 FU SMSFP FX The authors thank V. Paul, director of Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce (SMSFP), and all the staff of SMSFP for their assistance and the access to laboratory facilities. The authors are grateful to Z. Foltz, W. Lee from SMSFP for their help in field collections. We thank R.G. Gilmore and anonymous referees for their constructive comments that greatly improved this manuscript. We are grateful to A. Jackson and A. Parnell for their help on SIAR mixing models. This research was funded by SMSFP Postdoctoral Fellowship to A. Vaslet. Collecting in Florida was conducted pursuant to SAL #09-1024-SR to C.C. Baldwin. D.L. Phillips' time was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The manuscript has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. This is contribution number 886 from the SMSFP and contribution number 925 from the Smithsonian's Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems Program. NR 70 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 8 U2 150 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 434 BP 81 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2012.07.024 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 035JJ UT WOS:000310942300011 ER PT J AU Welch, AJ Wiley, AE James, HF Ostrom, PH Stafford, TW Fleischer, RC AF Welch, Andreanna J. Wiley, Anne E. James, Helen F. Ostrom, Peggy H. Stafford, Thomas W., Jr. Fleischer, Robert C. TI Ancient DNA Reveals Genetic Stability Despite Demographic Decline: 3,000 Years of Population History in the Endemic Hawaiian Petrel SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE ancient DNA; population bottleneck; gene flow; generation time; Hawaiian petrel; Pterodroma ID INTRODUCED PREDATORS; SOFTWARE PACKAGE; EXTINCTION; ISLANDS; SIZE; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES; SEABIRD; DIVERGENCE; SELECTION AB In the Hawaiian Islands, human colonization, which began approximately 1,200 to 800 years ago, marks the beginning of a period in which nearly 75% of the endemic avifauna became extinct and the population size and range of many additional species declined. It remains unclear why some species persisted whereas others did not. The endemic Hawaiian petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis) has escaped extinction, but colonies on two islands have been extirpated and populations on remaining islands have contracted. We obtained mitochondrial DNA sequences from 100 subfossil bones, 28 museum specimens, and 289 modern samples to investigate patterns of gene flow and temporal changes in the genetic diversity of this endangered species over the last 3,000 years, as Polynesians and then Europeans colonized the Hawaiian Islands. Genetic differentiation was found to be high between both modern and ancient petrel populations. However, gene flow was substantial between the extirpated colonies on Oahu and Molokai and modern birds from the island of Lanai. No significant reductions in genetic diversity occurred over this period, despite fears in the mid-1900s that this species may have been extinct. Simulations show that even a decline to a stable effective population size of 100 individuals would result in the loss of only 5% of the expected heterozygosity. Simulations also show that high levels of genetic diversity may be retained due to the long generation time of this species. Such decoupling between population size and genetic diversity in long-lived species can have important conservation implications. It appears that a pattern of dispersal from declining colonies, in addition to long generation time, may have allowed the Hawaiian petrel to escape a severe genetic bottleneck, and the associated extinction vortex, and persist despite a large population decline after human colonization. C1 [Welch, Andreanna J.; Fleischer, Robert C.] Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Welch, Andreanna J.; James, Helen F.; Fleischer, Robert C.] Univ Maryland, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wiley, Anne E.; Ostrom, Peggy H.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wiley, Anne E.; James, Helen F.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Stafford, Thomas W., Jr.] Stafford Res Inc, Lafayette, CO USA. [Stafford, Thomas W., Jr.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr GeoGenet, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Welch, AJ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biol Sci, 109 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM andreann@buffalo.edu FU Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution Program at the University of Maryland; Smithsonian Office of Fellowships; Smithsonian's Walcott Fund; Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics; National Science Foundation [DEB-0745604] FX We would like to thank Josh Adams, David Anderson, David Duffy, Fern Duvall, Nick Holmes, Darcy Hu, Seth Judge, Jay Penniman, and Keith Swindle for samples and helpful discussions of petrel biology. We also thank Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, the Hawaii Experimental Tropical Forest, and the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources for access to samples. For permission and assistance sampling museum specimens we thank: James Dean, Megan Spitzer, and Christina Gebhard at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History; Carla Kishinami and Lydia Garetano at the Bernice P. Bishop Museum; and Kimball Garrett at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Art Medeiros provided invaluable support for fieldwork. We are especially grateful to John Southon for assistance in obtaining radiocarbon dates. We also wish to thank Frank Hailer, Amy Wilson, Heather Lerner, Nancy Rotzel, Jon Beadell, and the members of the Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, for discussions on data analysis or technical support. Greg McDonald and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this article. This work was supported by the Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution Program at the University of Maryland, the Smithsonian Office of Fellowships, the Smithsonian's Walcott Fund, the Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, and the National Science Foundation (grant # DEB-0745604 to P.H.O., R.C.F., and H.F.J.). NR 81 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 60 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 EI 1537-1719 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 29 IS 12 BP 3729 EP 3740 DI 10.1093/molbev/mss185 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 035SW UT WOS:000310970000011 PM 22844071 ER PT J AU Puerta-Pinero, C Pino, J Gomez, JM AF Puerta-Pinero, Carolina Pino, Joan Maria Gomez, Jose TI Direct and indirect landscape effects on Quercus ilex regeneration in heterogeneous environments SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Landscape connectivity; Irradiance; Mediterranean; Recruitment; Plant-animal interactions ID SEED DISPERSAL; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; RECRUITMENT; HABITAT; DYNAMICS; ESTABLISHMENT; ECOLOGY; RODENTS; CONSEQUENCES AB Understanding how plant-animal interactions shape plant regeneration is traditionally examined at local scales. In contrast, landscape ecologists working at regional scales often have to infer the mechanisms underlying vegetation patterns. In this study, we empirically explored how landscape attributes (patch connectivity, size, shape, irradiance, slope, and elevation) influence biotic interactions in 1- and 2-year seedlings and saplings of Quercus ilex. We combined field data and GIS-based information under a set of five connectivity scenarios, presuming low, intermediate, and long-distance seed dispersal. Our study emphasizes that landscape, apart from its direct effects on plants, plays a key, albeit indirect, role in plant demography through its effects on seed dispersers and predators. Moreover, the effects of landscape on recruitment differed between plant life stages. One-year seedlings and saplings appear to depend more on plant-animal interactions, while 2-year seedlings depend more on irradiance. Differences in patch connectivity resulted in direct and indirect effects on biotic interactions, which, in turn, produced contrasting positive and negative effects on regeneration at different stages of the life cycle. While jays and wild boars seem crucial to all life stages and most of the connectivity scenarios, rodents and herbivores affected only 1-year seedlings and saplings, respectively, and only a few of the connectivity scenarios. By simultaneously including an ensemble of explanatory factors, our study emphasizes that regeneration depends on a set of key drivers, both abiotic (i.e. irradiance) and biotic (i.e. jays and wild boars), whose effects are greatly modulated by landscape traits. C1 [Puerta-Pinero, Carolina; Maria Gomez, Jose] Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dpto Ecol, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Pino, Joan] Autonomous Univ Barcelona, CREAF, Ctr Ecol Res & Forestry Applicat, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RP Puerta-Pinero, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, DPO AA, Washington, DC 34002 USA. EM cpuertapinero@gmail.com RI Puerta Pinero, Carolina/B-3186-2012; Pino, Joan/H-6253-2015 OI Puerta Pinero, Carolina/0000-0002-0584-7548; Pino, Joan/0000-0003-0939-7502 FU FPU fellowship [AP2003-344, REN2003-07048, CSD2008-00040]; Fundacion Caja Madrid FX We thank Fernando Valladares for his help in taking and computing the hemispherical photographs, Miguel Calero for helping in the field, and Lluis Pesquer and Xavier Pons for technical assistance during the GIS procedure. Max Segnitz and Ryan Chisholm kindly revised English language and grammar. Johannes Kollmann, Pedro Rey, Valerie Lehouck, and several anonymous reviewers greatly improved preliminary versions of this manuscript. This study was possible thanks to a FPU fellowship AP2003-344 and grants REN2003-07048, CSD2008-00040, and Fundacion Caja Madrid. The field and GIS sampling performed in this study comply with the current Spanish laws. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 77 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD DEC PY 2012 VL 170 IS 4 BP 1009 EP 1020 DI 10.1007/s00442-012-2373-1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036AT UT WOS:000310999400013 PM 22717625 ER PT J AU Yu, Y van Dyk, DA Kashyap, VL Young, CA AF Yu, Y. van Dyk, D. A. Kashyap, V. L. Young, C. A. TI A Bayesian Analysis of the Correlations Among Sunspot Cycles SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CYCLE; STOCHASTIC FLUCTUATIONS; PREDICTION; MAXIMUM; NUMBERS; RESTORATION; AMPLITUDE; SPECTRA; DYNAMO; MODEL AB Sunspot numbers form a comprehensive, long-duration proxy of solar activity and have been used numerous times to empirically investigate the properties of the solar cycle. A number of correlations have been discovered over the 24 cycles for which observational records are available. Here we carry out a sophisticated statistical analysis of the sunspot record that reaffirms these correlations, and sets up an empirical predictive framework for future cycles. An advantage of our approach is that it allows for rigorous assessment of both the statistical significance of various cycle features and the uncertainty associated with predictions. We summarize the data into three sequential relations that estimate the amplitude, duration, and time of rise to maximum for any cycle, given the values from the previous cycle. We find that there is no indication of a persistence in predictive power beyond one cycle, and we conclude that the dynamo does not retain memory beyond one cycle. Based on sunspot records up to October 2011, we obtain, for Cycle 24, an estimated maximum smoothed monthly sunspot number of 97 +/- 15, to occur in January-February 2014 +/- six months. C1 [Yu, Y.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [van Dyk, D. A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Kashyap, V. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Young, C. A.] NASA, ADNET Syst Inc, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Yu, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. EM yamingy@uci.edu; dvandyk@imperial.ac.uk; vkashyap@cfa.harvard.edu; c.alex.young@gsfc.nasa.gov OI Van Dyk, David/0000-0002-0816-331X FU CXC NASA [NAS 8-39073]; NSF [DMS 04-06085, DMS 09-07522] FX This work was supported by CXC NASA contract NAS 8-39073 (VLK) and NSF grants DMS 04-06085 and DMS 09-07522 (DvD, YY). NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 281 IS 2 BP 847 EP 862 DI 10.1007/s11207-012-0090-x PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 035UD UT WOS:000310974000020 ER PT J AU Markl, JS Schleuning, M Forget, PM Jordano, P Lambert, JE Traveset, A Wright, SJ Bohning-Gaese, K AF Markl, Julia S. Schleuning, Matthias Forget, Pierre Michel Jordano, Pedro Lambert, Joanna E. Traveset, Anna Wright, S. Joseph Boehning-Gaese, Katrin TI Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Human Disturbance on Seed Dispersal by Animals SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE frugivory; habitat fragmentation; hunting; meta-analysis; seed removal; seed size; selective logging; tropical forest ID FOREST FRAGMENTATION; TROPICAL FORESTS; AMAZONIAN FORESTS; BIRDS; TREE; CONSEQUENCES; RECRUITMENT; LANDSCAPE; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY AB Animal-mediated seed dispersal is important for sustaining biological diversity in forest ecosystems, particularly in the tropics. Forest fragmentation, hunting, and selective logging modify forests in myriad ways and their effects on animal-mediated seed dispersal have been examined in many case studies. However, the overall effects of different types of human disturbance on animal-mediated seed dispersal are still unknown. We identified 35 articles that provided 83 comparisons of animal-mediated seed dispersal between disturbed and undisturbed forests; all comparisons except one were conducted in tropical or subtropical ecosystems. We assessed the effects of forest fragmentation, hunting, and selective logging on seed dispersal of fleshy-fruited tree species. We carried out a meta-analysis to test whether forest fragmentation, hunting, and selective logging affected 3 components of animal-mediated seed dispersal: frugivore visitation rate, number of seeds removed, and distance of seed dispersal. Forest fragmentation, hunting, and selective logging did not affect visitation rate and were marginally associated with a reduction in seed-dispersal distance. Hunting and selective logging, but not fragmentation, were associated with a large reduction in the number of seeds removed. Fewer seeds of large-seeded than of small-seeded tree species were removed in hunted or selectively logged forests. A plausible explanation for the consistently negative effects of hunting and selective logging on large-seeded plant species is that large frugivores, as the predominant seed dispersers for large-seeded plant species, are the first animals to be extirpated from hunted or logged forests. The reduction in forest area after fragmentation appeared to have weaker effects on frugivore communities and animal-mediated seed dispersal than hunting and selective logging. The differential effects of hunting and selective logging on large- and small-seeded tree species underpinned case studies that showed disrupted plant-frugivore interactions could trigger a homogenization of seed traits in tree communities in hunted or logged tropical forests. C1 [Markl, Julia S.; Schleuning, Matthias; Boehning-Gaese, Katrin] Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr BiK F, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Markl, Julia S.; Schleuning, Matthias; Boehning-Gaese, Katrin] Senckenberg Gesell Nat Forsch, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Forget, Pierre Michel] Museum Natl Hist Nat, UMR CNRS MNHN 7179, F-91800 Brunoy, France. [Jordano, Pedro] Estn Biol Donana CSIC EBD, Integrat Ecol Grp, E-41092 Seville, Spain. [Lambert, Joanna E.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Ecol Anthropol, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Traveset, Anna] Inst Mediterrani Estudis Avancats CSIC UIB, Mallorca 07190, Balearic Island, Spain. [Wright, S. Joseph] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Boehning-Gaese, Katrin] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Biol Sci, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Schleuning, M (reprint author), Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr BiK F, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. EM matthias.schleuning@senckenberg.de RI Forget, Pierre-Michel/B-4355-2009; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011; Jordano, Pedro/A-5162-2008; Jordano, Pedro/B-6678-2014; Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013; Schleuning, Matthias/H-2154-2015 OI Forget, Pierre-Michel/0000-0002-9252-974X; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; Jordano, Pedro/0000-0003-2142-9116; Jordano, Pedro/0000-0003-2142-9116; Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676; Schleuning, Matthias/0000-0001-9426-045X FU Stipendien-Stiftung Rheinland-Pfalz; Hesse's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts FX J.S.M. is indebted to the "Stipendien-Stiftung Rheinland-Pfalz" for a scholarship and to J. R. Harris for language polishing. J. S. M., M. S. and K.B.-G. were supported by the research funding program Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-okonomischer Exzellenz (LOEWE) of Hesse's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts. We thank all authors of the original studies who kindly contributed data to this meta-analysis and 2 anonymous referees and the associate and senior editors for their valuable suggestions. NR 49 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 19 U2 207 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1072 EP 1081 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01927.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 033LQ UT WOS:000310798400014 PM 22971077 ER PT J AU Li, S McShea, WJ Wang, DJ Lu, Z Gu, XD AF Li, Sheng McShea, William J. Wang, Dajun Lu, Zhi Gu, Xiaodong TI Gauging the impact of management expertise on the distribution of large mammals across protected areas SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Camera-trapping; large mammals; management effectiveness; occupancy modelling; protected area network ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; GIANT PANDAS; SICHUAN PROVINCE; NATURE-RESERVE; CONSERVATION; CHINA; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; DEFORESTATION AB Aim The world's network of protected areas (PAs) plays a critical role in biodiversity conservation. The management expertise within PAs is a function of the training, support and depth of the staff tasked with protecting the resources and should be a significant factor determining the distribution of wildlife species. However, there are few measurable linkages between wildlife populations and management effectiveness. Here, we addressed whether the management expertise within a PA is an important covariate explaining the occupancy of large terrestrial mammals, and identify the attributes of mammal species that would be effective for comparative monitoring of management effectiveness within PAs of developing countries. Location Six PAs within giant panda region, south-west China. Methods We used systematic camera-trapping as the primary field methodology to detect the presence of large mammals and used expert scoring to assess the management level of these PAs. Occupancy modelling and logistic regression were used to determine those mammal species with adequate detections to control for ecological covariates and to compare differences in management level between the sampled PAs. Results Thirty-eight mammal species were recorded with a total sampling effort of 16,521 camera-days at 722 sample sites. Among the 14 examined mammals, Takin (Budorcas taxicolor) was the most detected mammal (333 detections at 153 locations), whereas Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) was estimated with the highest occupancy rate (psi = 0.49) and leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) was estimated with the highest detection probability (P = 0.55). The independently assessed estimate of management expertise was a significant positive predictor for the occupancy of 11 of the 14 mammal species. Main conclusions Our results suggest that there are measurable consequences for increasing PA patrolling and that standardized monitoring of large mammals is an adequate comparative measure of management effectiveness across diverse PAs that experience extensive poaching pressure. C1 [Li, Sheng; McShea, William J.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Li, Sheng; Wang, Dajun; Lu, Zhi] Peking Univ, Sch Life Sci, Ctr Nat & Soc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Lu, Zhi] Shanshui Conservat Ctr, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Gu, Xiaodong] Sichuan Forestry Dept, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China. RP Li, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM shengli@pku.edu.cn FU Smithsonian's National Zoological Park; Friends of National Zoo; Peking University; Conservation International; World Wildlife Fund; Shanshui Conservation Center FX This study received financial supports from Smithsonian's National Zoological Park, Friends of National Zoo, Peking University, Conservation International, World Wildlife Fund and Shanshui Conservation Center. We appreciate Sichuan Forestry Department, Shaanxi Forestry Department and CWCA for the management support to this study. We are especially grateful to W. Dong, P. Chen, Y. Chen, J. Huang, L. Shao, X. Shi, H. Xu, W. Chen, M. Li, X. Liu and all the other reserve staff for their assiduous fieldwork collecting data in the remote mountains. We also thank W. Pan, K. Malcolm, X. Shen, H. Wang and X. Zhu for their valuable comments to the study and manuscript. NR 78 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 72 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1166 EP 1176 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00907.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 032OB UT WOS:000310727500002 ER PT J AU Jander, KC Herre, EA Simms, EL AF Jander, K. Charlotte Herre, Edward Allen Simms, Ellen L. TI Precision of host sanctions in the fig tree-fig wasp mutualism: consequences for uncooperative symbionts SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Cheating; cooperation; exploitation; Ficus; mutualism; resource allocation; sanctions ID LEGUME-RHIZOBIUM MUTUALISM; POLLINATION MUTUALISM; MONOECIOUS FIGS; PARTNER CHOICE; YUCCA MOTHS; COOPERATION; EVOLUTION; ALLOCATION; DIVERSIFICATION; MECHANISMS AB Host sanctions that reduce the relative fitness of uncooperative symbionts provide a mechanism that can limit cheating and thus stabilise mutualisms over evolutionary timescales. Sanctions have been demonstrated empirically in several mutualisms. However, if multiple individual symbionts interact with each host, the precision with which individual cheating symbionts are targeted by host sanctions is critical to their short- and long-term effectiveness. No previous empirical study has directly addressed this issue. Here, we report the precision of host sanctions in the mutualism between fig trees and their pollinating wasps. Using field experiments and molecular parentage analyses, we show that sanctions in Ficus nymphaeifolia act at the level of entire figs (syconia), not at the level of the individual flowers within. Such fig-level sanctions allow uncooperative wasps, which do not bring pollen, to avoid sanctions in figs to which other wasps bring pollen. We discuss the relevance of sanction precision to other mutualisms. C1 [Jander, K. Charlotte] Cornell Univ, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Jander, K. Charlotte; Herre, Edward Allen] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Dpo, AA 34002 USA. [Jander, K. Charlotte; Simms, Ellen L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jander, K. Charlotte] Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Ecol & Genet, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Jander, KC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Seeley G Mudd Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM kcj4@cornell.edu NR 45 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 115 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1362 EP 1369 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01857.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 026CO UT WOS:000310250600002 ER PT J AU Stark, SC Leitold, V Wu, JL Hunter, MO de Castilho, CV Costa, FRC McMahon, SM Parker, GG Shimabukuro, MT Lefsky, MA Keller, M Alves, LF Schietti, J Shimabukuro, YE Brandao, DO Woodcock, TK Higuchi, N de Camargo, PB de Oliveira, RC Saleska, SR AF Stark, Scott C. Leitold, Veronika Wu, Jin L. Hunter, Maria O. de Castilho, Carolina V. Costa, Flavia R. C. McMahon, Sean M. Parker, Geoffrey G. Shimabukuro, Monica Takako Lefsky, Michael A. Keller, Michael Alves, Luciana F. Schietti, Juliana Shimabukuro, Yosio Edemir Brandao, Diego O. Woodcock, Tara K. Higuchi, Niro de Camargo, Plinio B. de Oliveira, Raimundo C. Saleska, Scott R. TI Amazon forest carbon dynamics predicted by profiles of canopy leaf area and light environment SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Biomass growth; carbon balance; gap fraction; leaf area profiles; remote sensing of canopy structure; LiDAR ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE; METABOLIC ECOLOGY; LIDAR DATA; TREE SIZE; BIOMASS; VEGETATION; HEIGHT; MODELS; GROWTH AB Tropical forest structural variation across heterogeneous landscapes may control above-ground carbon dynamics. We tested the hypothesis that canopy structure (leaf area and light availability) remotely estimated from LiDAR control variation in above-ground coarse wood production (biomass growth). Using a statistical model, these factors predicted biomass growth across tree size classes in forest near Manaus, Brazil. The same statistical model, with no parameterisation change but driven by different observed canopy structure, predicted the higher productivity of a site 500 similar to km east. Gap fraction and a metric of vegetation vertical extent and evenness also predicted biomass gains and losses for one-hectare plots. Despite significant site differences in canopy structure and carbon dynamics, the relation between biomass growth and light fell on a unifying curve. This supported our hypothesis, suggesting that knowledge of canopy structure can explain variation in biomass growth over tropical landscapes and improve understanding of ecosystem function. C1 [Stark, Scott C.; Leitold, Veronika; Wu, Jin L.; Alves, Luciana F.; Woodcock, Tara K.; Saleska, Scott R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hunter, Maria O.; Keller, Michael] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [de Castilho, Carolina V.; Costa, Flavia R. C.; Schietti, Juliana; Brandao, Diego O.; Higuchi, Niro] INPA, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [McMahon, Sean M.; Parker, Geoffrey G.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Forest Ecol Grp, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [McMahon, Sean M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Panama City, Panama. [Shimabukuro, Monica Takako; Shimabukuro, Yosio Edemir] Brazilian Inst Space Res INPE, BR-12227010 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Lefsky, Michael A.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Keller, Michael] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. [Alves, Luciana F.] Nucleo Pesquisa Ecol, Inst Bot, BR-01031970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Alves, Luciana F.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [de Camargo, Plinio B.] Univ Sao Paulo, CENA, Lab Ecol Isotop, BR-13400970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [de Oliveira, Raimundo C.] Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, BR-68035110 Santarem, Para, Brazil. [de Castilho, Carolina V.] Embrapa Roraima, BR-69301970 Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil. [Keller, Michael] Embrapa Monitoramento Satelite, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Stark, SC (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM scott.c.stark@gmail.com RI Alves, Luciana/E-1141-2012; Camargo, Plinio/D-6635-2012; Cenbam, Inct/J-9844-2013; Schietti, Juliana/B-8226-2015; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012 OI Alves, Luciana/0000-0002-8944-1851; Parker, Geoffrey/0000-0001-7055-6491; Schietti, Juliana/0000-0002-1687-4373; Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359 NR 50 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 101 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1406 EP 1414 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01864.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 026CO UT WOS:000310250600007 PM 22994288 ER PT J AU Hirsch, BT Kays, R Pereira, VE Jansen, PA AF Hirsch, Ben T. Kays, Roland Pereira, Veronica E. Jansen, Patrick A. TI Directed seed dispersal towards areas with low conspecific tree density by a scatter-hoarding rodent SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Astrocaryum; agouti; Barro Colorado Island; directed dispersal; density dependence; Dasyprocta punctata; secondary seed dispersal ID CHIPMUNKS TAMIAS-AMOENUS; TROPICAL FORESTS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; DEPENDENT SURVIVAL; CACHE PROTECTION; FOX SQUIRRELS; RECRUITMENT; PILFERAGE; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY AB Scatter-hoarding animals spread out cached seeds to reduce density-dependent theft of their food reserves. This behaviour could lead to directed dispersal into areas with lower densities of conspecific trees, where seed and seedling survival are higher, and could profoundly affect the spatial structure of plant communities. We tested this hypothesis with Central American agoutis and Astrocaryum standleyanum palm seeds on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. We radio-tracked seeds as they were cached and re-cached by agoutis, calculated the density of adult Astrocaryum trees surrounding each cache, and tested whether the observed number of trees around seed caches declined more than expected under random dispersal. Seedling establishment success was negatively dependent on seed density, and agoutis carried seeds towards locations with lower conspecific tree densities, thus facilitating the escape of seeds from natural enemies. This behaviour may be a widespread mechanism leading to highly effective seed dispersal by scatter-hoarding animals. C1 [Hirsch, Ben T.; Kays, Roland; Pereira, Veronica E.; Jansen, Patrick A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Hirsch, Ben T.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kays, Roland] N Carolina Museum Nat Sci, Nat Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. [Kays, Roland] N Carolina State Univ, Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jansen, Patrick A.] Wageningen Univ, Dept Environm Sci, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Jansen, Patrick A.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. RP Hirsch, BT (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM hirschb@si.edu RI Jansen, Patrick/G-2545-2015 OI Jansen, Patrick/0000-0002-4660-0314 NR 51 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 7 U2 98 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1423 EP 1429 DI 10.1111/ele.12000 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 026CO UT WOS:000310250600009 PM 22958079 ER PT J AU Pelletier, J Codjia, C Potvin, C AF Pelletier, Johanne Codjia, Claude Potvin, Catherine TI Traditional shifting agriculture: tracking forest carbon stock and biodiversity through time in western Panama SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cultivated landscapes; forest intervention; land-use dynamics; reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation; remote sensing analysis; shifting cultivation ID LAND-USE CHANGE; TROPICAL SECONDARY FORESTS; ADJUSTED VEGETATION INDEX; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; SLASH-AND-BURN; BRAZILIAN-AMAZON; RAIN-FOREST; NATURAL DISTURBANCES; LANDSCAPE-SCALE; EASTERN AMAZON AB Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) requires developing countries to quantify greenhouse gas emissions and removals from forests in a manner that is robust, transparent, and as accurate as possible. Although shifting cultivation is a dominant practice in several developing countries, there is still very limited information available on how to monitor this land-use practice for REDD+ as little is known about the areas of shifting cultivation or the net carbon balance. In this study, we propose and test a methodology to monitor the effect of the shifting cultivation on above-ground carbon stocks. We combine multiyear remote sensing information, taken from a 12-year period, with an in-depth community forest carbon stock inventory in Palo Seco Forest Reserve, western Panama. Using remote sensing, we were able to separate four forest classes expressing different forest-use intensity and time-since-intervention, which demonstrate expected trends in above-ground carbon stocks. The addition of different interventions observed over time is shown to be a good predictor, with remote sensing variables explaining 64.2% of the variation in forest carbon stocks in cultivated landscapes. Multitemporal and multispectral medium-resolution satellite imagery is shown to be adequate for tracking land-use dynamics of the agriculture-fallow cycle. The results also indicate that, over time, shifting cultivation has a transitory effect on forest carbon stocks in the study area. This is due to the rapid recovery of forest carbon stocks, which results in limited net emissions. Finally, community participation yielded important additional benefits to measuring carbon stocks, including transparency and the valorization of local knowledge for biodiversity monitoring. Our study provides important inputs regarding shifting cultivation, which should be taken into consideration when national forest monitoring systems are created, given the context of REDD+ safeguards. C1 [Pelletier, Johanne; Potvin, Catherine] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Pelletier, Johanne; Potvin, Catherine] McGill Univ, Global Environm & Climate Change Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Codjia, Claude] Univ Quebec, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Pelletier, Johanne; Potvin, Catherine] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Pelletier, J (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Biol, 1205 Ave Docteur Penfield, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. EM johannepelletier@gmail.com RI Pelletier, Johanne/E-3156-2016 OI Pelletier, Johanne/0000-0001-8161-6410 FU FQRNT; IDRC; NSERC FX We thank Joselin Mosaquites, Andres Martinez, Aquilino Martinez, Maximo Serrano, Venancio Palacio, Rocendo Martinez, Cornelio Jaen, Arcelio Miranda, Nathaly Guerrero, Mireya Correa, Gilberto Bonilla, and Francis Murchison for their contributions to the field surveys. We thank Pierre Legendre, Liz Brandt, Andre Parent, Bill F. J. Parsons, and three anonymous reviewers, who provided useful comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by FQRNT and the IDRC to JP, and an NSERC Discovery grant to CP. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. NR 80 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 101 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 18 IS 12 BP 3581 EP 3595 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02788.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 030IK UT WOS:000310564200010 ER PT J AU Gibbs, J Brady, SG Kanda, K Danforth, BN AF Gibbs, Jason Brady, Sean G. Kanda, Kojun Danforth, Bryan N. TI Phylogeny of halictine bees supports a shared origin of eusociality for Halictus and Lasioglossum (Apoidea: Anthophila: Halictidae) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Social evolution; Sweat bees; Bayesian analysis; Maximum-likelihood; Ancestral state reconstruction; Hymenoptera ID ANCESTRAL CHARACTER STATES; DOMINICAN AMBER HYMENOPTERA; POLYMORPHIC SWEAT BEE; RUBICUNDUS HYMENOPTERA; SOCIAL EVOLUTION; BAYESIAN-ESTIMATION; AUSTRALIAN ENIGMA; ALLODAPINE BEES; NESTING BIOLOGY; GENUS HALICTUS AB The halictid bees are excellent models for the study of social evolution because greater social diversity and plasticity are observed in the tribe Halictini than in any other comparable taxonomic group. We examine the evolutionary relationships within the subfamily Halictinae ("sweat bees") to investigate the origins of social behaviour within the tribe Halictini. We present a new phylogeny of the subfamily Halictinae based on three nuclear genes (elongation factor-1 alpha, wingless, and long-wavelength rhodopsin) and one mitochondrial gene (cytochrome c oxidase 1) sequenced for 206 halictine bees. We use model-based character reconstruction to infer the probability of a shared eusocial ancestor for the genera Halictus and Lasioglossum, the two genera of Halictini which display eusociality. Our results suggest a high probability for a single origin of eusociality for these two genera, contradicting earlier views of separate origins within each taxon. Fossil-calibrated divergence estimates place this ancestor at approximately 35 million years ago, about 14 million years earlier than previous estimates of eusocial origins in the halictid bees. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gibbs, Jason; Danforth, Bryan N.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Brady, Sean G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Kanda, Kojun] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gibbs, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jason.gibbs@cornell.edu OI Gibbs, Jason/0000-0002-4945-5423 FU NSF [DEB-0814544, DEB-0742998, EF-0431330]; Laboratories of Analytical Biology (NMNH) FX This project was supported in part by funds from NSF Grants in Systematic Biology to BND (DEB-0814544 and DEB-0742998) and SGB (EF-0431330). A number of people helped significantly with taxon sampling and specimen identification, including Laurence Packer, Kenneth Walker, Alain Pauly, Michael Kuhlmann, and Connal Eardley. Jennifer Albert provided sequence data for L. rufulipes. Michael Orr and Hong Zhao assisted with some laboratory work. Matt Kweskin and the Laboratories of Analytical Biology (NMNH) provided some computational resources and support. We thank Jana Habermannova for assisting with the identification of Sphecodes ruficrus. NR 109 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 104 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 65 IS 3 BP 926 EP 939 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.08.013 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 032ZX UT WOS:000310763100011 PM 22982437 ER PT J AU Mulcahy, DG Noonan, BP Moss, T Townsend, TM Reeder, TW Sites, JW Wiens, JJ AF Mulcahy, Daniel G. Noonan, Brice P. Moss, Travis Townsend, Ted M. Reeder, Tod W. Sites, Jack W., Jr. Wiens, John J. TI Estimating divergence dates and evaluating dating methods using phylogenomic and mitochondrial data in squamate reptiles SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE BEAST; Lizards; Penalized likelihood; Phylogeny; r8s; Snakes ID FOSSIL CALIBRATION POINTS; MOLECULAR CLOCK; MISSING DATA; NUCLEAR LOCI; BAYESIAN-ESTIMATION; MODEL SELECTION; ABSOLUTE RATES; EVOLUTION; TIMES; LIZARDS AB Recently, phylogenetics has expanded to routinely include estimation of clade ages in addition to their relationships. Various dating methods have been used, but their relative performance remains understudied. Here, we generate and assemble an extensive phylogenomic data set for squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) and evaluate two widely used dating methods, penalized likelihood in r8s (r8s-PL) and Bayesian estimation with uncorrelated relaxed rates among lineages (BEAST). We obtained sequence data from 25 nuclear loci (similar to 500-1000 bp per gene; 19,020 bp total) for 64 squamate species and nine out-group taxa, estimated the phylogeny, and estimated divergence dates using 14 fossil calibrations. We then evaluated how well each method approximated these dates using random subsets of the nuclear loci (2, 5, 10, 15, and 20; replicated 10 times each), and using similar to 1 kb of the mitochondrial ND2 gene. We find that estimates from r8s-PL based on 2, 5, or 10 loci can differ considerably from those based on 25 loci (mean absolute value of differences between 2-locus and 25-locus estimates were 9.0 Myr). Estimates from BEAST are somewhat more consistent given limited sampling of loci (mean absolute value of differences between 2 and 25-locus estimates were 5.0 Myr). Most strikingly, age estimates using r8s-PL for ND2 were similar to 68-82 Myr older (mean = 73.1) than those using 25 nuclear loci with r8s-PL These results show that dates from r8s-PL with a limited number of loci (and especially mitochondrial data) can differ considerably from estimates derived from a large number of nuclear loci, whereas estimates from BEAST derived from fewer nuclear loci or mitochondrial data alone can be surprisingly similar to those from many nuclear loci. However, estimates from BEAST using relatively few loci and mitochondrial data could still show substantial deviations from the full data set (>50 Myr), suggesting the benefits of sampling many nuclear loci. Finally, we found that confidence intervals on ages from BEAST were not significantly different when sampling 2 vs. 25 loci, suggesting that adding loci decreased errors but did not increase confidence in those estimates. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mulcahy, Daniel G.; Noonan, Brice P.; Moss, Travis; Sites, Jack W., Jr.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Townsend, Ted M.; Reeder, Tod W.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Wiens, John J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Mulcahy, DG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Support Ctr, Lab Analyt Biol, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM MulcahyD@si.edu OI Wiens, John/0000-0003-4243-1127; Moss, Travis/0000-0002-9997-6075 FU U.S. National Science Foundation-Assembling the Tree of Life (AToL) [EF 0334967, EF 0334966, EF 0334923]; BYU FX This project was supported by a collaborative U.S. National Science Foundation-Assembling the Tree of Life (AToL) grant on squamate phylogeny, which includes separate awards to Reeder (EF 0334967), Sites (EF 0334966), and Wiens (EF 0334923); Sites also received support from BYU for mentored student research. We thank the following individuals who contributed tissue samples for the molecular analyses: C. Austin and D. Dittman (Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science); D. Cannatella (Texas Natural History Collection); J. Gauthier (Yale Peabody Museum); S.B. Hedges; M. Kearney, A. Resetar, and H. Voris (Field Museum of Natural History); M. Lee (South Australian Museum); C.L. Parkinson; J.Q. Richmond; J. Vindum (California Academy of Sciences); W. Schargel (Univ. of Texas, Arlington); and D.A. Wood (USGS San Diego, CA). For assistance with molecular laboratory work we thank A. Camargo and M. Hawkins (BYU), S. Arif, C. Kuczynski, D. Moen, S. Smith, T. Tu, C. Ulloa, and C. Yesmont (Stony Brook), and D. Leavitt (SDSU). We thank J. Schulte and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 97 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 64 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 65 IS 3 BP 974 EP 991 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.08.018 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 032ZX UT WOS:000310763100015 PM 22982760 ER PT J AU Balvanera, P Uriarte, M Almeida-Lenero, L Altesor, A DeClerck, F Gardner, T Hall, J Lara, A Laterra, P Pena-Claros, M Matos, DMS Vogl, AL Romero-Duque, LP Arreola, LF Caro-Borrero, AP Gallego, F Jain, M Little, C Xavier, RD Paruelo, JM Peinado, JE Poorter, L Ascarrunz, N Correa, F Cunha-Santino, MB Hernandez-Sanchez, AP Vallejos, M AF Balvanera, Patricia Uriarte, Maria Almeida-Lenero, Lucia Altesor, Alice DeClerck, Fabrice Gardner, Toby Hall, Jefferson Lara, Antonio Laterra, Pedro Pena-Claros, Marielos Silva Matos, Dalva M. Vogl, Adrian L. Piedad Romero-Duque, Luz Felipe Arreola, Luis Piedad Caro-Borrero, Angela Gallego, Federico Jain, Meha Little, Christian Xavier, Rafael de Oliveira Paruelo, Jose M. Emilio Peinado, Jesus Poorter, Lourens Ascarrunz, Nataly Correa, Francisco Cunha-Santino, Marcela B. Paula Hernandez-Sanchez, Amabel Vallejos, Maria TI Ecosystem services research in Latin America: The state of the art SO ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LA English DT Review DE Service supply; Service delivery; Service value; Tradeoffs among ecosystem services; Payments for ecosystem services AB Ecosystem services science has developed at a fast rate in Latin America, a region characterized by a high biological and cultural diversity, strong emphasis in foreign investment, and high socioeconomic inequities. Here we conducted the following analyses at the regional and national scales: (1) how and when did the study of ecosystem services arise in each country?, (2) what is our present understanding of ecosystem service supply, delivery to societies, and social and economic values?, (3) what is the state of the art in integrating tradeoffs among services and in using interdisciplinary perspectives?, and (4) how has ecosystem service research been connected to policy design or management for sustainability? A large literature review ( > 1000 references) showed that in Latin America ES supply and links to policy have been the most frequently assessed. Overall, emphasis has been placed on a few services, namely carbon and water. Payments for ecosystem services have received considerable attention in the region, though with strong differences across nations and with important limitations in their application. The future of the ecosystem service paradigm in Latin America will largely depend on its capacity to demonstrate effectiveness in meeting both conservation and development goals. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Balvanera, Patricia; Felipe Arreola, Luis] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Ecosistemas, Morelia 58090, Michoacan, Mexico. [Balvanera, Patricia] Stanford Univ, Ctr Conservat Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Balvanera, Patricia; Uriarte, Maria; Jain, Meha] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Almeida-Lenero, Lucia; Piedad Caro-Borrero, Angela; Paula Hernandez-Sanchez, Amabel] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Altesor, Alice; Gallego, Federico] Univ Republica, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ecol & Ciencias Ambientales, Montevideo, Uruguay. [DeClerck, Fabrice] Biovers Int, Agrobiodivers & Ecosyst Serv Program, Rome, Italy. [Gardner, Toby] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Hall, Jefferson] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ancona, Panama Pl, Italy. [Lara, Antonio] Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias Forestales & Recursos Nat, Inst Silvicultura, Valdivia, Chile. [Lara, Antonio; Little, Christian] Fdn Ctr Bosques Nativos FORECOS, Valdivia, Chile. [Laterra, Pedro] Univ Nacl Mar del Plata, Fac Ciencias Agr, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina. [Pena-Claros, Marielos; Poorter, Lourens] Wageningen Univ, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Silva Matos, Dalva M.; Xavier, Rafael de Oliveira; Cunha-Santino, Marcela B.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Hidrobiol, Sao Carlos, Brazil. [Vogl, Adrian L.] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Piedad Romero-Duque, Luz] Univ Ciencias Aplicadas & Ambientales UDCA, Bogota, Colombia. [Little, Christian] Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ciencias Ambientales & Evolutivas, Valdivia, Chile. [Paruelo, Jose M.; Vallejos, Maria] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Metodos Cuantitativos & Sistemas Informac, CONICET,Fac Agron, LART,Inst Invest Fisiol & Ecol Vinculadas Agr IFE, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Emilio Peinado, Jesus] Univ Catolica Colombia, Bogota, Colombia. [Ascarrunz, Nataly] Inst Boliviano Invest Forestal, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. [Correa, Francisco] Univ Medellin, Medellin, Colombia. RP Balvanera, P (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Ecosistemas, Morelia 58090, Michoacan, Mexico. EM pbalvanera@cieco.unam.mx RI Correa-Restrepo, Francisco/C-4399-2015; OI Correa-Restrepo, Francisco/0000-0003-2764-6795; U.D.C.A, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales/0000-0002-2291-5354; Lara, Antonio/0000-0003-4998-4584 FU European Community [283093, 244065]; NSF [DEB-0620910]; CYTED; CONICET; FONCYT; UBACYT; UNMDP; INTA AA; CSIC; CGIAR Collaborative Research Program on Water Land and Ecosystems FX PB acknowledges sabbatical support from DGAPA-UNAM, CONACYT-O'GORMAN-Columbia University, the Center for Conservation Biology at Stanford University and the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology at Columbia University. PB, MPC, LP, and NA received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 283093; "Role Of Biodiversity In climate change mitigatioN (ROBIN)". MU acknowledges support from NSF awards DEB-0620910 to the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. AL acknowledges the Inter American Institute for the Research of Global Change (CRN II 2047), and the ICM from the Ministry of Planning (P04-065-F). AL, PB, PL and CL acknowledge support from CYTED to the Proagua Network. PL, JMP and MV acknowledge financial and institutional support from CONICET, FONCYT, UBACYT, UNMDP and INTA AA and FG acknowledged financial support from CSIC. FDC recognizes support from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-ENV-2009-1) under grant agreement no 244065 "Policy Mix: Assessing the role of economic instruments in policy mixes for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services provision", and the CGIAR Collaborative Research Program on Water Land and Ecosystems. NR 152 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 10 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2212-0416 J9 ECOSYST SERV JI Ecosyst. Serv. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 2 BP 56 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.09.006 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V41BA UT WOS:000209520500007 ER PT J AU Cain, SL Higgs, MD Roffe, TJ Monfort, SL Berger, J AF Cain, Steven L. Higgs, Megan D. Roffe, Thomas J. Monfort, Steven L. Berger, Joel TI Using Fecal Progestagens and Logistic Regression to Enhance Pregnancy Detection in Wild Ungulates: A Bison Case Study SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bison; fecal; hormones; logistic; non-invasive; pregnancy; pregnancy-specific protein B; regression; Wyoming; Yellowstone AB Ungulate ecological studies often include components of reproduction because of its demographic importance and the ecological factors affecting it. Pregnancy status, in particular, is key because it represents a starting point for succeeding measurements of vital rates. Here, we present a case study using wild bison (Bison bison), in which we developed a non-invasive method for assessing pregnancy in unmarked, non-handled animals that improves upon existing approaches for wild ungulates. Specifically, we employed a model-based binary logistic-regression approach to estimate the probability of pregnancy predicted by fecal progestagen concentrations quantified from a single, late-gestation scat sample. For 155 observations of 42 marked bison from the Jackson herd in northwest Wyoming, USA during 1997-2005, we used combinations of transrectal uterine palpation and calf status as independent measures of pregnancy to reduce the potential for error inherent in using either measure alone. We evaluated predictive success by calculating mis-prediction rates from leave-one-out cross-validation, and by calculating the percentage of 95% confidence intervals that crossed a pregnant-not-pregnant threshold. Correct predictions, with high confidence, were obtained from a model using year-centered, natural-log-transformed progestagen concentrations, resulting in an overall successful cross-validation pregnancy prediction rate of 93.5%. Our approach will allow practitioners to consider the uncertainty associated with each prediction, thereby improving prediction interpretations. The approach should appeal to practitioners because fecal samples are easily collected and preserved, laboratory procedures are well-documented, and logistic-regression statistical software is readily available. Furthermore, samples can be obtained non-invasively, which reduces cost and potential bias and increases animal safety, human safety, and social acceptability. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Cain, Steven L.] Natl Pk Serv, Moose, WY 83012 USA. [Higgs, Megan D.] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Roffe, Thomas J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Monfort, Steven L.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Berger, Joel] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Northern Rockies Field Off, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Cain, SL (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Grand Teton Natl Pk,POB 170, Moose, WY 83012 USA. EM steve_cain@nps.gov FU National Park Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Conservation Society FX Funding was provided by the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey, and Wildlife Conservation Society. C. Cunningham, K. McFarland, K. Dhillon, K. Gasaway, and R. Leshan collected fecal samples. K. Mashburn, D. Kersey, and N. Presley assisted with hormone analyses. C. Cunningham, K. McFarland, M. Reid, K. Cannon, S. Sweeney, and K. Coffin assisted with bison immobilizations. B. Smith, B. Reiswig, and F. Escobedo helped with field logistics. The manuscript benefited from the comments of 2 anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 36 IS 4 BP 631 EP 640 DI 10.1002/wsb.178 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38HA UT WOS:000209333300002 ER PT J AU Saltonstall, K Bonnett, GD AF Saltonstall, Kristin Bonnett, Graham D. TI Fire promotes growth and reproduction of Saccharum spontaneum (L.) in Panama SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Disturbance; Panama; Grass; Biomass; Invasion ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SEED DISPERSAL; RECRUITMENT; RESPONSES; GRASSES; FOREST; REGENERATION; GRASSLANDS; STRATEGIES; PATTERNS AB Fire can be an important mechanism by which invasive grasses maintain their dominance in introduced habitats. In April 2009 a dense stand of Saccharum spontaneum in the Panama Canal Watershed burned as a result of an anthropogenic fire. Regrowth was monitored throughout the 2009 growing season and compared to a nearby unburned stand with a similar management history. Six months after the fire, live aboveground biomass and stem density were similar but flowering shoot densities were significantly higher in the burned stand. Aboveground dead biomass was significantly higher in the unburned stand, and bare soil remained below much of the burned stand. Viability of seeds produced in the burned stand was comparable to surrounding unburned populations. Germinants were also observed in the burned stand in October and November whereas no seedlings were found in the unburned stand. These results suggest that fire promotes the growth of Saccharum and may enhance its spread by stimulating new shoot growth, increasing flowering shoot density and thereby seed production, and creating available habitat for recruitment of new populations by removing litter. It also may delay flowering thus extending the reproductive period of the species in Panama. Appropriate measures, including increased funding for fire control and public education, to reduce the frequency of dry-season fires would likely help to manage the spread of this very aggressive invader in Panama. C1 [Saltonstall, Kristin] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Bonnett, Graham D.] CSIRO Plant Ind, QBP, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. RP Saltonstall, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM Kristin.saltonstall@aya.yale.edu RI Bonnett, Graham/A-2295-2010 FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Queensland Government; CRC Sugar Industry Innovation through Biotechnology; Australian Government; Australian Sugarcane Industry; Research and Development Corporation FX We thank the PRORENA project for field assistance and logistical support and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute for financial support. GDB thanks the Queensland Government (Queensland Smithsonian Fellowship), CRC Sugar Industry Innovation through Biotechnology and the Australian Government and the Australian Sugarcane Industry as provided by the Sugar Research and Development Corporation for financial support for an extended visit to Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. J.S. Hall provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD DEC PY 2012 VL 14 IS 12 BP 2479 EP 2488 DI 10.1007/s10530-012-0245-6 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028ZM UT WOS:000310464500003 ER PT J AU Lambers, H Cawthray, GR Giavalisco, P Kuo, J Laliberte, E Pearse, SJ Scheible, WR Stitt, M Teste, F Turner, BL AF Lambers, Hans Cawthray, Gregory R. Giavalisco, Patrick Kuo, John Laliberte, Etienne Pearse, Stuart J. Scheible, Wolf-Ruediger Stitt, Mark Teste, Francois Turner, Benjamin L. TI Proteaceae from severely phosphorus-impoverished soils extensively replace phospholipids with galactolipids and sulfolipids during leaf development to achieve a high photosynthetic phosphorus-use-efficiency SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Banksia; galactolipids; Hakea; phospholipids; photosynthetic phosphorus-use-efficiency (PPUE); sulfolipids ID HAKEA-PROSTRATA PROTEACEAE; PHOSPHATE STATUS; MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPIDS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; LIPID-COMPOSITION; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; STOMATAL CRYPTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CLUSTER ROOTS; ARABIDOPSIS AB Proteaceae species in south-western Australia occur on severely phosphorus (P)-impoverished soils. They have very low leaf P concentrations, but relatively fast rates of photosynthesis, thus exhibiting extremely high photosynthetic phosphorus-use-efficiency (PPUE). Although the mechanisms underpinning their high PPUE remain unknown, one possibility is that these species may be able to replace phospholipids with nonphospholipids during leaf development, without compromising photosynthesis. For six Proteaceae species, we measured soil and leaf P concentrations and rates of photosynthesis of both young expanding and mature leaves. We also assessed the investment in galactolipids, sulfolipids and phospholipids in young and mature leaves, and compared these results with those on Arabidopsis thaliana, grown under both P-sufficient and P-deficient conditions. In all Proteaceae species, phospholipid levels strongly decreased during leaf development, whereas those of galactolipids and sulfolipids strongly increased. Photosynthetic rates increased from young to mature leaves. This shows that these species extensively replace phospholipids with nonphospholipids during leaf development, without compromising photosynthesis. A considerably less pronounced shift was observed in A. thaliana. Our results clearly show that a low investment in phospholipids, relative to nonphospholipids, offers a partial explanation for a high photosynthetic rate per unit leaf P in Proteaceae adapted to P-impoverished soils. C1 [Lambers, Hans; Cawthray, Gregory R.; Laliberte, Etienne; Pearse, Stuart J.; Teste, Francois; Turner, Benjamin L.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Giavalisco, Patrick; Scheible, Wolf-Ruediger; Stitt, Mark] Max Planck Inst Mol Plant Physiol, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Kuo, John] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Microscopy & Microanal, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Scheible, Wolf-Ruediger] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Turner, Benjamin L.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Lambers, H (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM hans.lambers@uwa.edu.au RI Pearse, Stuart/A-6610-2008; Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Laliberte, Etienne/B-6855-2008; Cawthray, Gregory/E-7404-2013; Lambers, Hans/A-1544-2008 OI Pearse, Stuart/0000-0003-3737-0788; Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; Laliberte, Etienne/0000-0002-3167-2622; Lambers, Hans/0000-0002-4118-2272 FU Australian Research Council (ARC); University of Western Australia; ARC; Max-Planck Society FX We thank the Western Australia Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) for their permission to collect leaf and soil samples. HL was supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC), and EL was supported by Research Fellowships from the University of Western Australia and the ARC. WRS, PG and MS acknowledge support from the Max-Planck Society. Graham Zemunik helped with field work and Dana Schindelasch (Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology) with A. thaliana plant growth. We thank John Raven for his critical comments on an earlier version of this manuscript and for providing valuable background information. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable input, and the suggestion to add a couple of sentences in the section on phospholipids and possible adaptations in Proteaceae. NR 63 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 87 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 196 IS 4 BP 1098 EP 1108 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04285.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 031XR UT WOS:000310676400017 PM 22937909 ER PT J AU Markowitz, H AF Markowitz, Harvey TI CONVERTING THE ROSEBUD SICANGU LAKOTA CATHOLICISM IN THE LATE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIES SO GREAT PLAINS QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE assimilation; Franciscans; Jesuits; missions; syncretism AB Following the Civil War, the United States government undertook a massive reform of its Indian policy, replacing the antebellum goal of permanently segregating Indian and that of "civilizing and white populations I Christianizing" (i.e., assimilating) Native peoples. To aid in this reform, the federal Indian Bureau successfully petitioned leaders of main-line denominations, including members of America's Catholic Church hierarchy, to enlist personnel to educate Indians in the manners and customs of "Christian citizenship." In 1886 priests and brothers belonging to the Jesuit's Buffalo Mission and Franciscan sisters of Penance and Christian Charity from Stella-Niagara, New York, arrived on the Rosebud Reservation in present-clay South Dakota to pursue the work of converting and "Americanizing" members of the Sicangu tribe of the Lakota.(1) Centered at Saint Francis Mission and School, these religious(2) adhered to the major presuppositions and practices of the Catholic missiological paradigm of their day. At the core of this paradigm lay the goal of establishing sacramental communities, or churches, whose members loyally subscribed to the tenets and rituals of the church universal. This article discusses a number of the dominant features of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Indian Catholicism on the Rosebud Reservation, focusing primarily on the Sicangu's responses to the significant differences between their traditional religious customs and the beliefs, rituals, and requirements of Catholicism. It first examines several of the basic assumptions that informed the Sicangu's reception, interpretation, and practice of the "prayer" of the Sina Sapa, or Blackrobes (Jesuits), drawing upon their statements regarding the sacraments and other church practices to illustrate these processes. It then describes selected strategies, including various modes of resistance and adaptation, that the Sicangu employed to cope with the Catholic requirement of ecclesial exclusivity a policy that, as will be shown, stood in direct opposition to the fundamental Lakota tenet of the plentitude of sacred power. Finally, this essay considers ways in which Sicangu and other Sioux Catholics refashioned selected aspects of their annual religious congress to reflect elements of traditional Lakota religious beliefs and practices. C1 [Markowitz, Harvey] Washington & Lee Univ, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. [Markowitz, Harvey] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Markowitz, H (reprint author), Washington & Lee Univ, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU CENT GREAT PLAINS STUD PI LINCOLN PA UNIV NEBRASKA-LINCOLN 1214 OLDFATHER HALL, LINCOLN, NE 68588-0313 USA SN 0275-7664 J9 GREAT PLAINS QUART JI Gt. Plains Q. PD WIN PY 2012 VL 32 IS 1 BP 3 EP 23 PG 21 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 897KO UT WOS:000300649800001 ER PT J AU Krupnik, I Stern, RO AF Krupnik, Igor Stern, Richard O. TI Remembering Ernest S. "Tiger" Burch Jr., 17 April 1938 to 16 September 2010 SO ETHNOHISTORY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Krupnik, Igor] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Krupnik, I (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU DUKE UNIV PRESS PI DURHAM PA 905 W MAIN ST, STE 18-B, DURHAM, NC 27701 USA SN 0014-1801 J9 ETHNOHISTORY JI Ethnohistory PD WIN PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1215/00141801-1435576 PG 7 WC Anthropology; History SC Anthropology; History GA 886ON UT WOS:000299863800007 ER PT J AU Yasuhara, M Hunt, G Cronin, TM Hokanishi, N Kawahata, H Tsujimoto, A Ishitake, M AF Yasuhara, Moriaki Hunt, Gene Cronin, Thomas M. Hokanishi, Natsumi Kawahata, Hodaka Tsujimoto, Akira Ishitake, Miho TI Climatic forcing of Quaternary deep-sea benthic communities in the North Pacific Ocean SO PALEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; SHATSKY RISE; ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES; BIODIVERSITY RESPONSE; FORAMINIFERA PROTISTA; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ARCTIC-OCEAN; PRODUCTIVITY AB There is growing evidence that changes in deep-sea benthic ecosystems are modulated by climate changes, but most evidence to date comes from the North Atlantic Ocean. Here we analyze new ostracod and published foraminiferal records for the last 250,000 years on Shatsky Rise in the North Pacific Ocean. Using linear models, we evaluate statistically the ability of environmental drivers (temperature, productivity, and seasonality of productivity) to predict changes in faunal diversity, abundance, and composition. These microfossil data show glacial-interglacial shifts in overall abundances and species diversities that are low during glacial intervals and high during interglacials. These patterns replicate those previously documented in the North Atlantic Ocean, suggesting that the climatic forcing of the deep-sea ecosystem is widespread, and possibly global in nature. However, these results also reveal differences with prior studies that probably reflect the isolated nature of Shatsky Rise as a remote oceanic plateau. Ostracod assemblages on Shatsky Rise are highly endemic but of low diversity, consistent with the limited dispersal potential of these animals. Benthic foraminifera, by contrast, have much greater dispersal ability and their assemblages at Shatsky Rise show diversities typical for deep-sea faunas in other regions. Statistical analyses also reveal ostracod-foraminferal differences in relationships between environmental drivers and biotic change. Rarefied diversity is best explained as a hump-shaped function of surface productivity in ostracods, but as having a weak and positive relationship with temperature in foraminifera. Abundance shows a positive relationship with both productivity and seasonality of productivity in foraminifera, and a hump-shaped relationship with productivity in ostracods. Finally, species composition in ostracods is influenced by both temperature and productivity, but only a temperature effect is evident in foraminifera. Though complex in detail, the global-scale link between deep-sea ecosystems and Quaternary climate changes underscores the importance of the interaction between the physical and biological components of paleoceanographical research for better understanding the history of the biosphere. C1 [Yasuhara, Moriaki] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Swire Inst Marine Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yasuhara, Moriaki] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yasuhara, Moriaki; Hunt, Gene] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Yasuhara, Moriaki] Kochi Univ, Ctr Adv Marine Core Res, Nankoku, Kochi 7838502, Japan. [Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hokanishi, Natsumi] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. [Kawahata, Hodaka] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778564, Japan. [Tsujimoto, Akira] Shimane Univ, Fac Educ, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan. [Ishitake, Miho] Sumika Chem Anal Serv Ltd, Anal Serv, Mkt Div, Chiba Grp, Sodegaura, Chiba 2990266, Japan. RP Yasuhara, M (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Swire Inst Marine Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM moriakiyasuhara@gmail.com RI devos, evert/H-3725-2011; Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008; Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010; KAWAHATA, HODAKA/F-9065-2016 OI Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863; Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020; KAWAHATA, HODAKA/0000-0003-4236-7356 FU Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship; Smithsonian Marine Science Network; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science FX We thank K. Ohkushi for foraminiferal data; H. Okahashi and C. Sanford for continuous support; A. Kuroyanagi for help with samples; J. Repetski, C. Bernhardt, S. Holland, A. J. Gooday, and S. A. Schellenberg for valuable comments; and P. Wagner, B. J. MacFadden, L. H. Oviedo, and N. Atkins for editing. This work was supported by a Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship, a Smithsonian Marine Science Network Postdoctoral Fellowship, and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad (to M.Y.). NR 105 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 110 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0094-8373 EI 1938-5331 J9 PALEOBIOLOGY JI Paleobiology PD WIN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 162 EP 179 DI 10.1666/10068.1 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA 875VN UT WOS:000299063400010 ER PT J AU Condit, R Chisholm, RA Hubbell, SP AF Condit, Richard Chisholm, Ryan A. Hubbell, Stephen P. TI Thirty Years of Forest Census at Barro Colorado and the Importance of Immigration in Maintaining Diversity SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE SPECIES ABUNDANCE; NEUTRAL THEORY; TROPICAL FOREST; COMMUNITY; NICHE; BIODIVERSITY; COEXISTENCE; TREE; PATTERNS; MODELS AB The neutral theory of community ecology can predict diversity and abundances of tropical trees, but only under the assumption of steady input of new species into the community. Without input, diversity of a neutral community collapses, so the theory's predictions are not relevant unless novel species evolve or immigrate. We derive analytically the species input needed to maintain a target tree diversity, and find that a rate close to 1.0 x 10(-4) per recruit would maintain the observed diversity of 291 species in the Barro Colorado 50-ha tree plot in Panama. We then measured the rate empirically by comparing species present in one complete enumeration of the plot to those present five years later. Over six census intervals, the observed rate of input was 0.6 x 10(-4) to 1.8 x 10(-4) species per recruit, suggesting that there is adequate immigration of novel species to maintain diversity. Species interactions, niche partitioning, or density-dependence, while they may be present, do not appear to enhance tree species richness at Barro Colorado. Citation: Condit R, Chisholm RA, Hubbell SP (2012) Thirty Years of Forest Census at Barro Colorado and the Importance of Immigration in Maintaining Diversity. PLoS ONE 7(11): e49826. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049826 C1 [Condit, Richard; Chisholm, Ryan A.; Hubbell, Stephen P.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Hubbell, Stephen P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Deparment Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Condit, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. EM conditr@gmail.com FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Smithsonian Institution Global Earth Observatories; HSBC Climate Partnership; National Science Foundation [0948585] FX The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Smithsonian Institution Global Earth Observatories, and HSBC Climate Partnership provided logistical and financial assistance, and the authors thank S. Davies, I. Rubino, and E. Bermingham for their support. The census has been supported by numerous grants from the National Science Foundation, most recently, no. 0948585. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 65 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 30 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e49826 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0049826 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 054WM UT WOS:000312376100030 PM 23226222 ER PT J AU Burrows, BL Dalgarno, A Cohen, M AF Burrows, B. L. Dalgarno, A. Cohen, M. TI Asymptotic exchange energies for H-2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN MOLECULE; GROUND-STATE AB An analytical approximation of the asymptotic exchange energy of two interacting hydrogen atoms is obtained. This approximation depends only on functions of the internuclear distance R, which remain bounded as R -> infinity and is derived using the Herring-Holstein surface-integral technique. It is found that, for large R, the exchange energy is O(R-3 exp(-2R)) in contrast to earlier approximations of O(R-2.5 exp(-2R)). Our result is similar to the classic Heitler-London expression without the unphysical term O(R-3 ln(R) exp(-2R)). C1 [Burrows, B. L.] Staffordshire Univ, Math Sect, Fac Comp Engn & Technol, Stafford ST18 0DG, Staffs, England. [Dalgarno, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cohen, M.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Phys Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Burrows, BL (reprint author), Staffordshire Univ, Math Sect, Fac Comp Engn & Technol, Stafford ST18 0DG, Staffs, England. EM b.l.burrows@staffs.ac.uk; adalgarno@cfa.harvard.edu; maurice@fh.huji.ac.il NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 30 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 5 AR 052525 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.052525 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 045RK UT WOS:000311714300009 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Allafort, A Schady, P Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bellazzini, R Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Borgland, AW Bottacini, E Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Charles, E Chaves, RCG Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Cutini, S D'Ammando, F de Palma, F Dermer, CD Digel, SW Silva, EDE Domnguez, A Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Franckowiak, A Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guiriec, S Gustafsson, M Hadasch, D Hayashida, M Hays, E Jackson, MS Jogler, T Kataoka, J Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Larsson, S Latronico, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Mehault, J Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Tramacere, A Nuss, E Greiner, J Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orienti, M Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Pivato, G Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Reyes, LC Ritz, S Rau, A Romoli, C Roth, M Sanchez-Conde, M Sanchez, DA Scargle, JD Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stawarz, L Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tinivella, M Torres, DF Tosti, G Troja, E Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vianello, G Vitale, V Waite, AP Winer, BL Wood, KS Wood, M AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Allafort, A. Schady, P. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bellazzini, R. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Borgland, A. W. Bottacini, E. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chaves, R. C. G. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. de Palma, F. Dermer, C. D. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Domnguez, A. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Gustafsson, M. Hadasch, D. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Jackson, M. S. Jogler, T. Kataoka, J. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Mehault, J. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Tramacere, A. Nuss, E. Greiner, J. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reyes, L. C. Ritz, S. Rau, A. Romoli, C. Roth, M. Sanchez-Conde, M. Sanchez, D. A. Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stawarz, Lukasz Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tinivella, M. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vianello, G. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Wood, M. TI The Imprint of the Extragalactic Background Light in the Gamma-Ray Spectra of Blazars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; 1ST STARS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; UNIVERSE; ABSORPTION; REDSHIFT; OPACITY; FIELDS; GLAST AB The light emitted by stars and accreting compact objects through the history of the universe is encoded in the intensity of the extragalactic background light (EBL). Knowledge of the EBL is important to understand the nature of star formation and galaxy evolution, but direct measurements of the EBL are limited by galactic and other foreground emissions. Here, we report an absorption feature seen in the combined spectra of a sample of gamma-ray blazars out to a redshift of z similar to 1.6. This feature is caused by attenuation of gamma rays by the EBL at optical to ultraviolet frequencies and allowed us to measure the EBL flux density in this frequency band. C1 [Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bottacini, E.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Jogler, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. G.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Waite, A. P.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bottacini, E.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Jogler, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. G.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Waite, A. P.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ajello, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schady, P.; Greiner, J.; Rau, A.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Baldini, L.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Chaves, R. C. G.; Grenier, I. A.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA IRFU, Lab AIM,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Gustafsson, M.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Pivato, G.; Rando, R.; Romoli, C.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Kuss, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.; Tinivella, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bouvier, A.; Domnguez, A.; Porter, T. A.; Razzano, M.; Ritz, S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Bouvier, A.; Domnguez, A.; Porter, T. A.; Razzano, M.; Ritz, S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, IEEE, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; D'Ammando, F.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.; Razzaque, S.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Chiaro, G.] Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Chiaro, G.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Ciprini, S.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Mehault, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Larsson, S.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [D'Ammando, F.] IASF Palermo, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fukazawa, Y.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.; Guiriec, S.; Hays, E.; McEnery, J. E.; Perkins, J. S.; Thompson, D. J.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Hayashida, M.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Jackson, M. S.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.] IRAP, CNRS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Knoedlseder, J.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, GAHEC, Toulouse, France. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Latronico, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Ohno, M.; Stawarz, Lukasz] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reyes, L. C.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 USA. [Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sanchez, D. A.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Stawarz, Lukasz] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Vianello, G.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Ajello, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM majello@slac.stanford.edu; buehler@stanford.edu; anita.reimer@uibk.ac.at RI Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; OI Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Dominguez, Alberto/0000-0002-3433-4610; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018 FU K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Fermi guest investigator program [31117, 51258] FX M. A. acknowledges generous support from the Fermi guest investigator program (proposals ID 31117 and 51258) and the Swift and the Gamma-Ray Burst Optical/Near-Infrared Detector (GROND) teams for observing similar to 100 Fermi blazars in an effort to constrain their redshifts. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States; the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. J. Conrad is funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation. E. Troja is a NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow. NR 45 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 30 PY 2012 VL 338 IS 6111 BP 1190 EP 1192 DI 10.1126/science.1227160 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 045AL UT WOS:000311666200040 PM 23118013 ER PT J AU Rathjen, KA Breitburg, DL Neale, PJ AF Rathjen, Kristen A. Breitburg, Denise L. Neale, Patrick J. TI Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the growth, reproduction and survival of the lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in Chesapeake Bay SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biological weighting function; Gelatinous zooplankton; Growth; Mnemiopsis leidyi; Reproduction; UVR ID LOW DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; UV-B RADIATION; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; DNA-DAMAGE; ZOOPLANKTON; EXPOSURE; IMPACT; WATERS; SEA; PENETRATION AB Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an environmental stressor that can have a variety of negative effects on aquatic organisms including slowed growth, changes in reproduction and increased mortality. The ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi is a highly transparent organism that has not been shown to actively avoid ultraviolet radiation or possess photoprotective compounds and may therefore be vulnerable to deleterious effects of UVR. Results of this study indicate that summertime UVR exposure equivalent to average UVR conditions within the top 0.5 m of the water column of the Rhode River, Maryland, USA, can cause mortality and reduced size of M. leidyi. Exposures tested did not, however, affect egg production beyond that attributable to UVR effects on mortality. Experiments indicated a sharp threshold for the tolerance of M. leidyi to biologically effective UVR exposure. A biological weighting function (BWF) was experimentally determined to describe the spectral dependence of UV induced mortality. The BWF was similar to those previously reported for mesozooplankton. M. leidyi is an important component of many ecosystems; thus, changes in its population size and abundance have the potential to significantly affect coastal and estuarine food webs, and oyster, fish and sea nettle populations, in systems like Chesapeake Bay. Future scenarios of decreased eutrophication and runoff that result in reduced dissolved organic matter and particulates, will likely lead to increased amounts and penetration of UVR in coastal and estuarine systems and could increase deleterious effects of UVR on M. leidyi. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rathjen, Kristen A.; Breitburg, Denise L.; Neale, Patrick J.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Rathjen, KA (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM krathjen@whoi.edu FU Maryland Sea Grant; Smithsonian Marine Science Network FX We are grateful to R. Burrell and W. Rathjen for their assistance with these experiments including ctenophore collection, setup, maintenance, troubleshooting and general support. Funding was provided by Maryland Sea Grant and The Smithsonian Marine Science Network. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD NOV 30 PY 2012 VL 432 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2012.06.029 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 015FJ UT WOS:000309431500014 ER PT J AU Foerster, S Cords, M Monfort, SL AF Foerster, Steffen Cords, Marina Monfort, Steven L. TI Seasonal Energetic Stress in a Tropical Forest Primate: Proximate Causes and Evolutionary Implications SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BABOONS PAPIO-CYNOCEPHALUS; MACAQUES MACACA-FASCICULARIS; FECAL GLUCOCORTICOID LEVELS; FEMALE CHACMA BABOONS; FREE-RANGING MALE; LIFE-HISTORY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CORTISOL-LEVELS; LEMUR-CATTA; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY AB Animals facing seasonal variation in food availability experience selective pressures that favor behavioral adjustments such as migration, changes in activity, or shifts in diet. Eclectic omnivores such as many primates can process low-quality fallback food when preferred food is unavailable. Such dietary flexibility, however, may be insufficient to eliminate constraints on reproduction even for species that live in relatively permissive environments, such as moist tropical forests. Focusing on a forest-dwelling primate with a flexible diet (Cercopithecus mitis) we investigated whether females experience seasonal energetic stress and how it may relate to reproductive seasonality. We used fecal glucocorticoids (fGCs) as an indicator of energetic stress, controlling for the potentially confounding effects of social interactions and reproductive state. We modeled within-female fGC variation with General Linear Mixed Models, evaluating changes in feeding behavior and food availability as main effects. Regardless of reproductive state, fGCs increased when females shifted their diet towards fallback foods (mature leaves and other non-preferred items) and when they spent more time feeding, while fGCs decreased with feeding time on preferred items (insects, fruits, young leaves) and with the availability of young leaves. Changes in fruit availability had no general effects on fGCs, likely because fruits were sought out regardless of availability. As predicted, females in the energetically demanding stages of late pregnancy and early lactation showed greater increases in fGCs between periods of low versus high availability of fruits and young leaves than females in other reproductive states. Potential social stressors had no measurable effects on fGCs. Preliminary evidence suggests that seasonal energetic stress may affect the timing of infant independence from mothers and contribute to unusually long inter-birth intervals compared to closely related species of similar body size. Our findings highlight how the study of stress responses can provide insights into the proximate control of reproductive strategies. C1 [Foerster, Steffen; Cords, Marina] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Foerster, Steffen] Natl Museums Kenya, Inst Primate Res, Nairobi, Kenya. [Monfort, Steven L.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA USA. RP Foerster, S (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sf2041@columbia.edu OI Foerster, Steffen/0000-0002-6081-1775 FU National Science Foundation [BCS 0550509, 0554747]; Columbia University; Earthwatch Institute; Animal Behavior Society; American Society of Primatologists; Smithsonian Institution; Friends of the National Zoo FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (BCS 0550509, 0554747 to MC); Columbia University; the Earthwatch Institute; the Animal Behavior Society; the American Society of Primatologists, the Friends of the National Zoo and the Smithsonian Institution. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 105 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 54 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 28 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e50108 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0050108 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 057YW UT WOS:000312601700033 PM 23209651 ER PT J AU Jaskula, JC Partridge, GB Bonneau, M Lopes, R Ruaudel, J Boiron, D Westbrook, CI AF Jaskula, J. -C. Partridge, G. B. Bonneau, M. Lopes, R. Ruaudel, J. Boiron, D. Westbrook, C. I. TI Acoustic Analog to the Dynamical Casimir Effect in a Bose-Einstein Condensate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION AB We have modulated the density of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate by changing the trap stiffness, thereby modulating the speed of sound. We observe the creation of correlated excitations with equal and opposite momenta, and show that for a well-defined modulation frequency, the frequency of the excitations is half that of the trap modulation frequency. C1 [Jaskula, J. -C.; Partridge, G. B.; Bonneau, M.; Lopes, R.; Ruaudel, J.; Boiron, D.; Westbrook, C. I.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Opt, Lab Charles Fabry, F-91127 Palaiseau, France. RP Jaskula, JC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Westbrook, Christoph/B-6092-2009; OI Westbrook, Christoph/0000-0002-6490-0468; Lopes, Raphael/0000-0003-3877-8478 FU IFRAF institute; Triangle de la Physique; ANR-ProQuP project; DGA; FCT scholarship [SFRH/BD/74352/2010]; Marie Curie program of the European Union FX This work was supported by the IFRAF institute, the Triangle de la Physique, the ANR-ProQuP project, J. R. by the DGA, R. L. by the FCT scholarship SFRH/BD/74352/2010, and G. B. P. by the Marie Curie program of the European Union. We acknowledge fruitful discussions with D. Clement, I. Carusotto, A. Recati, R. Balbinot, A. Fabbri, N. Pavloff, and P.-E. Larre. NR 31 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 26 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 22 AR 220401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.220401 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 043NX UT WOS:000311552100001 PM 23368107 ER PT J AU Myers, CW Ibanez, R Grant, T Jaramillo, CA AF Myers, Charles W. Ibanez D, Roberto Grant, Taran Jaramillo, Cesar A. TI Discovery of the frog genus Anomaloglossus in Panama, with descriptions of two new species from the Chagres Highlands (Dendrobatoidea: Aromobatidae) SO AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES LA English DT Article AB The occurrence in Panama is documented for the South American frog genus Anomaloglossus (Dendrobatoidea: Aromobatidae). Two species are described from a low, forested uplift in east-central Panama, just northeast of Panama City. These low mountains, unnamed on maps, are designated the "Chagres Highlands" because a large part of the uplift lies in the Rio Chagres drainage (which provides water critical to lock operation in the Panama Canal). The Chagres Highlands may be a lower montane forest refuge for some amphibians and reptiles, including the two Anomaloglossus and Atelopus limosus, and the rare snakes Atractus depressiocellus, A. imperfectus, Geophis bellus, and Rhadinaea sargenti. Several other rare species are not endemic but include the Chagres Highland area as part of their individually fragmented or mosaic distributions (Adinobates fulguritus, Anolis kunayalae, Coniophanes joanae, Geophis bracycephalus, Dipsas nicholsi). The two new frogs are at least broadly sympatric in the Chagres Highlands, but both species are rare. Anomaloglossus astralogaster, new species, is known only from the adult female holotype (22 mm SVL). Its ventral surfaces are covered overall with whitish dots (<= 0.1 mm) somewhat similar to large chromatophores but possibly glandular; there is no appearance of glandular structure at x50 magnification, but the edges of some of the pale dots can be "felt" with a fine (0.1 mm diameter) teasing needle and histological examination is needed. The other taxon is Anomaloglossus isthminus, new species, which is described from six specimens including four adult males (19-21 mm SVL), one adult female (23 mm SVL), and a juvenile female. Dorsal surfaces are basically brown mottled with darker brown. Small pale yellowish spots located proximally above the insertions of arm and thigh are not well defined and tend to disappear after preservation (unlike normal dendrobatid flash markings). Ventral surfaces are pale blue with some dark mottling but no pale dots. The vocalization of A. isthminus resembles calls of some South American species in being a train of "peeplike" notes, but there are fundamental interspecific differences in frequency modulation, note repetition rate, and call length. C1 [Myers, Charles W.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Vertebrate Zool Herpetol, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Ibanez D, Roberto] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Ibanez D, Roberto] Univ Panama, Dept Zool, Panama City, Panama. [Grant, Taran] Univ Sao Paulo, Div Vertebrate Zool Herpetol, Amer Museum Nat Hist, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Grant, Taran] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Jaramillo, Cesar A.] Univ Panama, Fac Med, Dept Histol & Neuroanat Humana, Panama City, Panama. [Jaramillo, Cesar A.] Circulo Herpetol Panama, Panama City, Panama. RP Myers, CW (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Vertebrate Zool Herpetol, New York, NY 10024 USA. RI Grant, Taran/B-7703-2012 OI Grant, Taran/0000-0003-1726-999X FU United States Agency for International Development FX We thank William E. Duellman and Linda Trueb (KU) for lending the first known Panamanian specimen of Anomaloglossus, which was collected by Catherine A. Toft in July 1974. Myers thanks Toft for taking him to her approximate locality in 1976, when they unsuccessfully searched for additional material of this species (Anomaloglossus isthminus n. sp., reported as "Colostethus chocoensis" by Myers, 1991: 5-7). Later fieldwork leading to collection of the paratypes of A. isthminus by Ibanez and Jaramillo was conducted during the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute's "Proyecto de Monitoreo de la Cuenca del Canal de Panama: supported by the United States Agency for International Development. Edgardo J. Griffith provided information on additional sightings of A. isthminus. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY PI NEW YORK PA ATTN: LIBRARY-SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS DISTRIBUTION, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 USA SN 0003-0082 EI 1937-352X J9 AM MUS NOVIT JI Am. Mus. Novit. PD NOV 21 PY 2012 IS 3763 BP 1 EP 19 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA 200SH UT WOS:000323090500001 ER PT J AU Moreira, GRP Goncalves, GL Eltz, RP San Blas, G Davis, DR AF Moreira, Gilson R. P. Goncalves, Gislene L. Eltz, Rodrigo P. San Blas, German Davis, Donald R. TI Revalidation of Oliera Brethes (Lepidoptera: Cecidosidae) based on a redescription of O. argentinana and DNA analysis of Neotropical cecidosids SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Gall moths; Schinus; Anacardiaceae; Neotropics ID PHYLOGENIES; MODEL AB Larvae of Oliera argentinana, Brethes 1916 (Lepidoptera: Cecidosidae) were rediscovered inducing spindle-shaped galls enclosed within swollen stems of Schinus (Anacardiaceae) in central Argentina and Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil. Male, female, immature stages, and plant galls of O. argentinana are redescribed, using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The genus Oliera Brethes, 1916, previously a junior synonym of Cecidoses Curtis, 1835, is revalidated, by comparing morphological characteristics within the family and through an analysis of mitochondrial (COI) DNA sequences, including putative members of the four Neotropical cecidosid genera. Information on preliminary Cecidosidae phylogeny and taxonomy is also provided. C1 [Moreira, Gilson R. P.; Eltz, Rodrigo P.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Zool, Inst Biociencias, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Goncalves, Gislene L.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Genet, Inst Biociencias, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [San Blas, German] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Argentino Invest Zonas Aridas, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. [Davis, Donald R.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC USA. RP Moreira, GRP (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Zool, Inst Biociencias, Av Bento Goncalves 9500, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. EM gilson.moreira@ufrgs.br; lopes.goncalves@ufrgs.br; rodrigo.eltz@gmail.com; gsanblas@mendoza-conicet.gov.ar; davisd@si.edu RI Goncalves, Gislene/D-3567-2013; Moreira, Gilson/D-2209-2013; OI San Blas, German/0000-0002-3119-590X FU CNPq/Brazil [309676/2011-8, 156153/2011-4] FX Thanks are due to Arturo R. Alsina (MACN) for the loan of type material. We acknowledge the staff members of CME/UFRGS and Thales O. Freitas (UFRGS) for the use of facilities and assistance with scanning electron microscopy and molecular analyses. We are grateful to Abner Elpino-Campos, Kim R. Barao and Denis S. Silva (UFRGS) for their help on optical and scanning electron photography, and especially the latter for editing the plates. We also thank Eduardo Carneiro, Gabriel Mello and Olaf H. Mielke (UFPR) for their assistance with collecting cecidosids in Parana state, Brazil. We are specially grateful to Jean Francois-Landry (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada) for significant improvements on the final version of the manuscript made possible by his comments. We also wish to thank Wolfram Mey (University of Berlin) for suggestions that improved the earlier version of the manuscript. This study was financially supported in part by CNPq/Brazil (project numbers 309676/2011-8 and 156153/2011-4, granted to GRPM and GLG, respectively). NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD NOV 21 PY 2012 IS 3557 BP 1 EP 19 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 043QU UT WOS:000311561500001 ER PT J AU Garry, WB Robinson, MS Zimbelman, JR Bleacher, JE Hawke, BR Crumpler, LS Braden, SE Sato, H AF Garry, W. B. Robinson, M. S. Zimbelman, J. R. Bleacher, J. E. Hawke, B. R. Crumpler, L. S. Braden, S. E. Sato, H. TI The origin of Ina: Evidence for inflated lava flows on the Moon SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARTIAN FLOOD LAVAS; SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; STEEP-SIDED DOMES; BASALTIC LAVA; LABORATORY SIMULATIONS; KILAUEA VOLCANO; THERMAL MODELS; MAGELLAN DATA; PAHOEHOE; EMPLACEMENT AB Ina is an enigmatic volcanic feature on the Moon known for its irregularly shaped mounds, the origin of which has been debated since the Apollo Missions. Three main units are observed on the floor of the depression (2.9 km across, <= 64 m deep) located at the summit of a low-shield volcano: irregularly shaped mounds up to 20 m tall, a lower unit 1 to 5 m in relief that surrounds the mounds, and blocky material. Analyses of Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera images and topography show that features in Ina are morphologically similar to terrestrial inflated lava flows. Comparison of these unusual lunar mounds and possible terrestrial analogs leads us to hypothesize that features in Ina were formed through lava flow inflation processes. While the source of the lava remains unclear, this new model suggests that as the mounds inflated, breakouts along their margins served as sources for surface flows that created the lower morphologic unit. Over time, mass wasting of both morphologic units has exposed fresh surfaces observed in the blocky unit. Ina is different than the terrestrial analogs presented in this study in that the lunar features formed within a depression, no vent sources are observed, and no cracks are observed on the mounds. However, lava flow inflation processes explain many of the morphologic relationships observed in Ina and are proposed to be analogous with inflated lava flows on Earth. C1 [Garry, W. B.; Bleacher, J. E.] NASA, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Garry, W. B.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Robinson, M. S.; Braden, S. E.; Sato, H.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Zimbelman, J. R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Hawke, B. R.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Crumpler, L. S.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Garry, WB (reprint author), NASA, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 698, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM william.b.garry@nasa.gov RI Garry, Brent/I-5920-2013; Bleacher, Jacob/D-1051-2012 OI Bleacher, Jacob/0000-0002-8499-4828 FU NASA [NNX11AG90G, NNX08AM77G]; LROC Science Operations; NASA Moon and Mars Analog Mission Activities (MMAMA) [NNX08AR76G, NNX09AW15G, 08-MMAMA08-016]; NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics (PGG) [NNX09AD88G]; Smithsonian Scholarly Studies Program [FY11] FX Lunar research was supported by the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Participating Scientist Program grants NNX11AG90G (PI: Garry), NNX08AM77G (PI: Hawke), and LROC Science Operations (PI: Robinson). Field work in Hawai'i, Idaho, and New Mexico was supported by the following grants: NASA Moon and Mars Analog Mission Activities (MMAMA) NNX08AR76G and NNX09AW15G (PI: Garry), 08-MMAMA08-016 (PI: Bleacher), NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics (PGG) NNX09AD88G (PI: Zimbelman), Smithsonian Scholarly Studies Program FY11 (PI: Zimbelman). The authors would like to thank the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Project Office at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, the LROC Science Operations Center at Arizona State University, El Malpais National Monument in New Mexico, Craters of the Moon National Monument in Idaho, plus William J. Clancey and Maarten Sierhuis for their assistance with field work in Idaho and New Mexico. Thank you to Lazlo Keszthelyi, Peter H. Schultz, and an anonymous reviewer for their time and thorough reviews of the manuscript. NR 74 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 117 AR E00H31 DI 10.1029/2011JE003981 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 043RR UT WOS:000311565100001 ER PT J AU Barry, RK Demory, BO Segransan, D Forveille, T Danchi, WC Di Folco, E Queloz, D Spooner, HR Torres, G Traub, WA Delfosse, X Mayor, M Perrier, C Udry, S AF Barry, R. K. Demory, B. -O. Segransan, D. Forveille, T. Danchi, W. C. Di Folco, E. Queloz, D. Spooner, H. R. Torres, G. Traub, W. A. Delfosse, X. Mayor, M. Perrier, C. Udry, S. TI A PRECISE PHYSICAL ORBIT FOR THE M-DWARF BINARY GLIESE 268 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: general; stars: individual (Gliese 268); techniques: interferometric; techniques: radial velocities ID LOW-MASS STARS; ECLIPSING BINARY; ACCURATE MASSES; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; LAMBDA-VIRGINIS; MAIN-SEQUENCE; INTERFEROMETER; SYSTEM AB We report high-precision interferometric and radial velocity (RV) observations of the M-dwarf binary Gl 268. Combining measurements conducted using the IOTA interferometer and the ELODIE and Harvard Center for Astrophysics RV instruments leads to a mass of 0.22596 +/- 0.00084 M-circle dot for component A and 0.19230 +/- 0.00071 M-circle dot for component B. The system parallax as determined by these observations is 0.1560 +/- 0.0030 arcsec-a measurement with 1.9% uncertainty in excellent agreement with Hipparcos (0.1572 +/- 0.0033). The absolute H-band magnitudes of the component stars are not well constrained by these measurements; however, we can place an approximate upper limit of 7.95 and 8.1 for Gl 268A and B, respectively. We test these physical parameters against the predictions of theoretical models that combine stellar evolution with high fidelity, non-gray atmospheric models. Measured and predicted values are compatible within 2 sigma. These results are among the most precise masses measured for visual binaries and compete with the best adaptive optics and eclipsing binary results. C1 [Barry, R. K.; Danchi, W. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Demory, B. -O.; Segransan, D.; Di Folco, E.; Queloz, D.; Udry, S.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Forveille, T.; Delfosse, X.; Mayor, M.; Perrier, C.] Univ Geneva, Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Spooner, H. R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Torres, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02136 USA. [Traub, W. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Barry, RK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Richard.K.Barry@nasa.gov OI Demory, Brice-Olivier/0000-0002-9355-5165 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; University of Grenoble Observatory; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Association for Research in Astronomy; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique FX We are grateful to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the University of Grenoble Observatory, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the California Association for Research in Astronomy, and to the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics for support of this research. We are also grateful for the work on software to reduce the interferometric data from IOTA by J. Monnier. B.O.D. acknowledges the support of the Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique. R.K.B. acknowledges the technical editing assistance of C. M. Morales Sabogal. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 1 AR 55 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/55 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 035DD UT WOS:000310922200055 ER PT J AU Cohen, O Drake, JJ Kota, J AF Cohen, O. Drake, J. J. Kota, J. TI THE COSMIC-RAY INTENSITY NEAR THE ARCHEAN EARTH SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; planets and satellites: atmospheres; solar-terrestrial relations; Sun: evolution ID SURFACE DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; MASS-LOSS RATES; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; AB-DORADUS; CORONAL STRUCTURE; LOCAL BUBBLE; STARS; EMISSION; SPACE AB We employ three-dimensional state-of-the-art magnetohydrodynamic models of the early solar wind and heliosphere and a two-dimensional model for cosmic-ray transport to investigate the cosmic-ray spectrum and flux near the Archean Earth. We assess how sensitive the cosmic-ray spectrum is to changes in the sunspot placement and magnetic field strength, the large-scale dipole magnetic field strength, the wind ram pressure, and the Sun's rotation period. Overall, our results confirm earlier work that suggested the Archean Earth would have experienced a greatly reduced cosmic-ray flux than is the case today. The cosmic-ray reduction for the early Sun is mainly due to the shorter solar rotation period and tighter winding of the Parker spiral, and to the different surface distribution of the more active solar magnetic field. These effects lead to a global reduction of the cosmic-ray flux at 1 AU by up to two orders of magnitude or more. Variations in the sunspot magnetic field have more effect on the flux than variations in the dipole field component. The wind ram pressure affects the cosmic-ray flux through its influence on the size of the heliosphere via the pressure balance with the ambient interstellar medium. Variations in the interstellar medium pressure experienced by the solar system in orbit through the Galaxy could lead to order of magnitude changes in the cosmic-ray flux at Earth on timescales of a few million years. C1 [Cohen, O.; Drake, J. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kota, J.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Cohen, O (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Cohen, Ofer/0000-0003-3721-0215 FU SI Grand Challenges grant [40510254HH0022]; NASA [NAS8-39073, NNX08AQ14G] FX The majority of this work was supported by SI Grand Challenges grant number 40510254HH0022. We thank the Director of the Unlocking the Mysteries of the Universe Consortium, Christine Jones, for support and encouragement. J.J.D. was supported by NASA contract NAS8-39073 to the Chandra X-ray Center and thanks the Director, H. Tananbaum, for advice and support. J.K. was supported by NASA Grant NNX08AQ14G. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 1 AR 85 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/85 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 035DD UT WOS:000310922200085 ER PT J AU Conroy, C van Dokkum, PG AF Conroy, Charlie van Dokkum, Pieter G. TI THE STELLAR INITIAL MASS FUNCTION IN EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES FROM ABSORPTION LINE SPECTROSCOPY. II. RESULTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: abundances; galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies: stellar content ID ELEMENT ABUNDANCE RATIOS; WING-FORD BAND; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; SAURON PROJECT; POPULATION-MODELS; DARK-MATTER; STAR-FORMATION; LENTICULAR GALAXIES; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS AB The spectral absorption lines in early-type galaxies contain a wealth of information regarding the detailed abundance pattern, star formation history, and stellar initial mass function (IMF) of the underlying stellar population. Using our new population synthesis model that accounts for the effect of variable abundance ratios of 11 elements, we analyze very high quality absorption line spectra of 38 early-type galaxies and the nuclear bulge of M31. These data extend to 1 mu m and they therefore include the IMF-sensitive spectral features Na I, Ca II, and FeH at 0.82 mu m, 0.86 mu m, and 0.99 mu m, respectively. The models fit the datawell, with typical rms residuals less than or similar to 1%. Strong constraints on the IMF and therefore the stellar mass-to-light ratio, (M/L)(stars), are derived for individual galaxies. We find that the IMF becomes increasingly bottom-heavy with increasing velocity dispersion and [Mg/Fe]. At the lowest dispersions and [Mg/Fe] values the derived IMF is consistent with the MilkyWay (MW) IMF, while at the highest dispersions and [Mg/Fe] values the derived IMF contains more low-mass stars (is more bottom-heavy) than even a Salpeter IMF. Our best-fit (M/L)(stars) values do not exceed dynamically based M/L values. We also apply our models to stacked spectra of four metal-rich globular clusters in M31 and find an (M/L)(stars) that implies fewer low-mass stars than a MW IMF, again agreeing with dynamical constraints. We discuss other possible explanations for the observed trends and conclude that variation in the IMF is the simplest and most plausible. C1 [Conroy, Charlie] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Conroy, Charlie] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [van Dokkum, Pieter G.] Yale Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Conroy, C (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU W. M. Keck Foundation FX We thank Nelson Caldwell for providing his Hectospec data for the M31 globular clusters, Ricardo Schiavon for assistance with interpreting his models, Michele Cappellari for useful discussions regarding uncertainties in SAURON M/L values, and Jonathan Sick and Stephane Courteau for providing the nuclear luminosity of M31 from their unpublished data. C.C. thanks Phil Hopkins, Andrey Kravtsov, and Mark Krumholz for informative discussions. We acknowledge use of the Odyssey cluster supported by the FAS Science Division Research Computing Group at Harvard University. Finally, we thank the referee for thoughtful comments that have improved the quality of the manuscript.; The data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. NR 89 TC 188 Z9 188 U1 3 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 1 AR 71 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/71 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 035DD UT WOS:000310922200071 ER PT J AU Liu, T Liang, EW Gu, WM Hou, SJ Lei, WH Lin, L Dai, ZG Zhang, SN AF Liu, Tong Liang, En-Wei Gu, Wei-Min Hou, Shu-Jin Lei, Wei-Hua Lin, Lin Dai, Zi-Gao Zhang, Shuang-Nan TI RADIAL ANGULAR MOMENTUM TRANSFER AND MAGNETIC BARRIER FOR SHORT-TYPE GAMMA-RAY-BURST CENTRAL ENGINE ACTIVITY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; gamma-ray burst: general ID NEUTRINO-DOMINATED ACCRETION; HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; SHORT GRB 090510; BLACK-HOLES; EXTENDED EMISSION; DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION; MILLISECOND PULSARS; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; JET PRECESSION; DISKS AB Soft extended emission (EE) following initial hard spikes up to 100 s was observed with Swift/BAT for about half of known short-type gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs). This challenges the conversional central engine models of SGRBs, i.e., compact star merger models. In the framework of black-hole-neutron-star merger models, we study the roles of radial angular momentum transfer in the disk and the magnetic barrier around the black hole in the activity of SGRB central engines. We show that radial angular momentum transfer may significantly prolong the lifetime of the accretion process, which may be divided into multiple episodes by the magnetic barrier. Our numerical calculations based on models of neutrino-dominated accretion flows suggest that disk mass is critical for producing the observed EE. In the case of the mass being similar to 0.8 M-circle dot, our model can reproduce the observed timescale and luminosity of both the main and the EE episodes in a reasonable parameter set. The predicted luminosity of the EE component is lower than the observed EE within about one order of magnitude and the timescale is shorter than 20 s if the disk mass is similar to 0.2 M-circle dot. Swift/BAT-like instruments may be not sensitive enough to detect the EE component in this case. We argue that the EE component could be a probe for the merger process and disk formation for compact star mergers. C1 [Liu, Tong; Gu, Wei-Min; Hou, Shu-Jin] Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Liu, Tong; Gu, Wei-Min; Hou, Shu-Jin] Xiamen Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Liang, En-Wei] Guangxi Univ, GXU NAOC Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, Peoples R China. [Liang, En-Wei] Guangxi Univ, Dept Phys, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, Peoples R China. [Liang, En-Wei; Lin, Lin; Zhang, Shuang-Nan] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Gu, Wei-Min] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lei, Wei-Hua] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Phys, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Lei, Wei-Hua] Univ Nevada Las Vegas, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Dai, Zi-Gao] Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Shuang-Nan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Key Lab Particle Astrophys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Shuang-Nan] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Liang, EW (reprint author), Guangxi Univ, GXU NAOC Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, Peoples R China. EM lew@gxu.edu.cn RI Gu, WM/G-3984-2010 FU National Basic Research Program ("973" Program) of China [2009CB824800]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11025313, 11103015, 11233006, 11073015, 11222328, 10873005, 11003004, 10873009, 11033002]; Guangxi Science Foundation [2010GXNSFC013011, 2011-135] FX We thank Wlodzimierz Kluzniak, Bing Zhang, Feng Yuan, Ye-Fei Yuan, Yi-Zhong Fan, Li Xue, Xiao-Hong Zhao, and Da-Bin Lin for beneficial discussions and comments. This work is partially supported by the National Basic Research Program ("973" Program) of China (grant 2009CB824800), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 11025313, 11103015, 11233006, 11073015, 11222328, 10873005, 11003004, 10873009, and 11033002), and the Guangxi Science Foundation (2010GXNSFC013011 and special support with contract No. 2011-135). NR 88 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 1 AR 63 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/63 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 035DD UT WOS:000310922200063 ER PT J AU Maeda, K Terada, Y Kasen, D Ropke, FK Bamba, A Diehl, R Nomoto, K Kromer, M Seitenzahl, IR Yamaguchi, H Tamagawa, T Hillebrandt, W AF Maeda, K. Terada, Y. Kasen, D. Roepke, F. K. Bamba, A. Diehl, R. Nomoto, K. Kromer, M. Seitenzahl, I. R. Yamaguchi, H. Tamagawa, T. Hillebrandt, W. TI PROSPECT OF STUDYING HARD X- AND GAMMA-RAYS FROM TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; radiative transfer; supernovae: general; supernovae: individual (SN 2011fe) ID DELAYED-DETONATION MODELS; COMPTEL UPPER LIMITS; LIGHT CURVES; ASYMMETRIC SUPERNOVAE; EXPLOSION MODELS; LINE EMISSION; SN 2011FE; SPECTRA; SIMULATIONS; DIVERSITY AB We perform multi-dimensional, time-dependent radiation transfer simulations for hard X-ray and gamma-ray emissions, following radioactive decays of Ni-56 and Co-56, for two-dimensional delayed-detonation models of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). The synthetic spectra and light curves are compared with the sensitivities of current and future observatories for an exposure time of 10(6) s. The non-detection of the gamma-ray signal from SN 2011fe at 6.4 Mpc by SPI on board INTEGRAL places an upper limit on the mass of Ni-56 of less than or similar to 1.0 M-circle dot, independently from observations in any other wavelengths. Signals from the newly formed radioactive species have not yet been convincingly measured from any SN Ia, but future X-ray and gamma-ray missions are expected to deepen the observable horizon to provide high energy emission data for a significant SN Ia sample. We predict that the hard X-ray detectors on board NuStar (launched in 2012) or ASTRO-H (scheduled for launch in 2014) will reach to SNe Ia at similar to 15 Mpc, i.e., one SN every few years. Furthermore, according to the present results, the soft gamma-ray detector on board ASTRO-H will be able to detect the 158 keV line emission up to similar to 25 Mpc, i.e., a few SNe Ia per year. Proposed next-generation gamma-ray missions, e.g., GRIPS, could reach to SNe Ia at similar to 20-35 Mpc by MeV observations. Those would provide new diagnostics and strong constraints on explosion models, detecting rather directly the main energy source of supernova light. C1 [Maeda, K.; Nomoto, K.] Univ Tokyo, Kavli IPMU, Todai Inst Adv Study TODIAS, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. [Terada, Y.] Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Sakura Ku, Saitama 3388570, Japan. [Kasen, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kasen, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Roepke, F. K.; Seitenzahl, I. R.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Roepke, F. K.; Kromer, M.; Seitenzahl, I. R.; Hillebrandt, W.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Bamba, A.] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Coll Sci & Engn, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525258, Japan. [Diehl, R.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Yamaguchi, H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tamagawa, T.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Tamagawa, T.] Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Phys, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. RP Maeda, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Kavli IPMU, Todai Inst Adv Study TODIAS, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. EM keiichi.maeda@ipmu.jp RI Nomoto, Ken'ichi/A-4393-2011; Terada, Yukikatsu/A-5879-2013; Diehl, Roland/K-4496-2016; OI Seitenzahl, Ivo/0000-0002-5044-2988; Terada, Yukikatsu/0000-0002-2359-1857; Diehl, Roland/0000-0002-8337-9022; Ropke, Friedrich/0000-0002-4460-0097 FU World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI Initiative), MEXT, Japan; Max-Plank Society; Emmy Noether Program of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [RO 3676/1-1]; ARCHES award; [23740141] FX The authors thank Stuart Sim for discussion and useful comments on the manuscript. This research is supported by World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI Initiative), MEXT, Japan. K. M. acknowledges financial support by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research for Young Scientists (23740141) and by the Max-Plank Society as a short-term visitor. The work of F. R. was supported by the Emmy Noether Program (RO 3676/1-1) of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the ARCHES award. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 1 AR 54 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/54 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 035DD UT WOS:000310922200054 ER PT J AU Magdis, GE Daddi, E Bethermin, M Sargent, M Elbaz, D Pannella, M Dickinson, M Dannerbauer, H da Cunha, E Walter, F Rigopoulou, D Charmandaris, V Hwang, HS Kartaltepe, J AF Magdis, Georgios E. Daddi, E. Bethermin, M. Sargent, M. Elbaz, D. Pannella, M. Dickinson, M. Dannerbauer, H. da Cunha, E. Walter, F. Rigopoulou, D. Charmandaris, V. Hwang, H. S. Kartaltepe, J. TI THE EVOLVING INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM OF STAR-FORMING GALAXIES SINCE z=2 AS PROBED BY THEIR INFRARED SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution ID SIMILAR-TO 3; MASS-METALLICITY RELATION; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; LENSED SUBMILLIMETER GALAXY; CO-TO-H-2 CONVERSION FACTOR; LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; DEEP-FIELD-NORTH; MOLECULAR GAS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; NEARBY GALAXIES AB Using data from the mid-infrared to millimeter wavelengths for individual galaxies and for stacked ensembles at 0.5 < z < 2, we derive robust estimates of dust masses (M-dust) for main-sequence (MS) galaxies, which obey a tight correlation between star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass (M-*), and for starbursting galaxies that fall outside that relation. Exploiting the correlation of gas-to-dust mass with metallicity (M-gas/M-dust-Z), we use our measurements to constrain the gas content, CO-to-H-2 conversion factors (alpha(CO)), and star formation efficiencies (SFE) of these distant galaxies. Using large statistical samples, we confirm that alpha(CO) and SFE are an order of magnitude higher and lower, respectively, in MS galaxies at high redshifts compared to the values of local galaxies with equivalently high infrared luminosities (L-IR > 10(12) L-circle dot). For galaxies within the MS, we show that the variations of specific star formation rates (sSFRs = SFR/M-*) are driven by varying gas fractions. For relatively massive galaxies like those in our samples, we show that the hardness of the radiation field, < U >, which is proportional to the dust-mass-weighted luminosity (L-IR/M-dust) and the primary parameter defining the shape of the IR spectral energy distribution (SED), is equivalent to SFE/Z. For MS galaxies with stellar mass log(M-*/M-circle dot) >= 9.7 we measure this quantity, < U >, showing that it does not depend significantly on either the stellar mass or the sSFR. This is explained as a simple consequence of the existing correlations between SFR-M-*, M-*-Z, and M-gas-SFR. Instead, we show that < U > (or equally L-IR/M-dust) does evolve, with MS galaxies having harder radiation fields and thus warmer temperatures as redshift increases from z = 0 to 2, a trend that can also be understood based on the redshift evolution of the M-*-Z and SFR-M-* relations. These results motivate the construction of a universal set of SED templates for MS galaxies that are independent of their sSFR or M* but vary as a function of redshift with only one parameter, < U >. C1 [Magdis, Georgios E.; Rigopoulou, D.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Daddi, E.; Bethermin, M.; Sargent, M.; Elbaz, D.; Pannella, M.] Irfu SAp, Lab AIM, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Dickinson, M.; Kartaltepe, J.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Dannerbauer, H.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astronophys, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [da Cunha, E.; Walter, F.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Rigopoulou, D.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Charmandaris, V.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, GR-71003 Iraklion, Greece. [Charmandaris, V.] Univ Crete, ICTP, GR-71003 Iraklion, Greece. [Charmandaris, V.] IESL Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, GR-71110 Iraklion, Greece. [Charmandaris, V.] Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Hwang, H. S.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Magdis, GE (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RI Charmandaris, Vassilis/A-7196-2008; Magdis, Georgios/C-7295-2014; Daddi, Emanuele/D-1649-2012; OI Charmandaris, Vassilis/0000-0002-2688-1956; Magdis, Georgios/0000-0002-4872-2294; Daddi, Emanuele/0000-0002-3331-9590; Bethermin, Matthieu/0000-0002-3915-2015; da Cunha, Elisabete/0000-0001-9759-4797 FU John Fell Oxford University Press (OUP) Research Fund; University of Oxford; ERC- StG UPGAL [240039]; NASA through JPL/Caltech; BMVIT (Austria); ESA-PRODEX (Belgium); CEA/CNES (France); DLR (Germany); ASI/INAF (Italy); CICYT/MCYT (Spain); CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA (France); CNES (France); CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); Stockholm Observatory (Sweden); STFC (UK); NASA (USA); ESO [078.F-9028(A), 079.F-9500(A), 080.A-3023(A), 081.F-9500(A)]; [ANR-08-JCJC-0008] FX G.E.M. acknowledges support from the John Fell Oxford University Press (OUP) Research Fund and the University of Oxford and useful discussions with D.K.X., L.M., S.B., and F. Galliano. E. Daddi, M. Bethermin, and M.T. Sargent were supported by grants ERC- StG UPGAL 240039 and ANR-08-JCJC-0008. Support for this work was also provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. PACS has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by MPE (Germany) and including UVIE (Austria); KU Leuven, CSL, IMEC (Belgium); CEA, LAM (France); MPIA (Germany); INAFIFSI/OAA/OAP/OAT, LENS, SISSA (Italy); and IAC (Spain). This development has been supported by the funding agencies BMVIT (Austria), ESA-PRODEX (Belgium), CEA/CNES (France), DLR (Germany), ASI/INAF (Italy), and CICYT/MCYT (Spain). SPIRE has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by Cardiff University (UK) and including Univ. Lethbridge (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, LAM (France); IFSI, Univ. Padua (Italy); IAC (Spain); Stockholm Observatory (Sweden); Imperial College London, RAL, UCL-MSSL, UKATC, Univ. Sussex (UK); and Caltech, JPL, NHSC, Univ. Colorado (USA). This development has been supported by national funding agencies: CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); Stockholm Observatory (Sweden); STFC (UK); and NASA (USA). This paper used data from ESO program IDs 078.F-9028(A), 079.F-9500(A), 080.A-3023(A), and 081.F-9500(A). NR 121 TC 142 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 1 AR 6 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/6 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 035DD UT WOS:000310922200006 ER PT J AU Penarrubia, J Koposov, SE Walker, MG AF Penarrubia, Jorge Koposov, Sergey E. Walker, Matthew G. TI A STATISTICAL METHOD FOR MEASURING THE GALACTIC POTENTIAL AND TESTING GRAVITY WITH COLD TIDAL STREAMS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy: structure; methods: statistical ID SATELLITE REMNANTS; FITTING ORBITS; GALAXY; HALO; GAIA; KINEMATICS; COSMOLOGY; MECHANICS; EVOLUTION AB We introduce the Minimum Entropy Method, a simple statistical technique for constraining the Milky Way gravitational potential and simultaneously testing different gravity theories directly from 6D phase-space surveys and without adopting dynamical models. We demonstrate that orbital energy distributions that are separable (i.e., independent of position) have an associated entropy that increases under wrong assumptions about the gravitational potential and/or gravity theory. Of known objects, "cold" tidal streams from low-mass progenitors follow orbital distributions that most nearly satisfy the condition of separability. Although the orbits of tidally stripped stars are perturbed by the progenitor's self-gravity, systematic variations of the energy distribution can be quantified in terms of the cross-entropy of individual tails, giving further sensitivity to theoretical biases in the host potential. The feasibility of using the Minimum Entropy Method to test a wide range of gravity theories is illustrated by evolving restricted N-body models in a Newtonian potential and examining the changes in entropy introduced by Dirac, MONDian, and f(R) gravity modifications. C1 [Penarrubia, Jorge] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [Penarrubia, Jorge; Koposov, Sergey E.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Koposov, Sergey E.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Moscow 119992, Russia. [Walker, Matthew G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Penarrubia, J (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Glorieta Astronomia S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain. EM jorpega@iaa.es RI Koposov, Sergey/F-2754-2012; Walker, Matthew/P-1777-2014 OI Koposov, Sergey/0000-0003-2644-135X; Walker, Matthew/0000-0003-2496-1925 FU Ramon y Cajal Program; Ministerio of Economia y Competitividad; NASA through Hubble Fellowship [HST-HF-51283.01-A]; Space Telescope Science Institute; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA [NAS5-26555]; [AYA2010-17631] FX The authors thank Hong-Sheng Zhao for his helpful comments on QMOND. J.P. wishes to thank Mike Irwin and Luis Aguilar for their useful insights on entropy. J.P. acknowledges support from the Ramon y Cajal Program as well as by the Spanish grant AYA2010-17631 awarded by the Ministerio of Economia y Competitividad. M.G.W. is supported by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF-51283.01-A, awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS5-26555. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 1 AR 2 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/2 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 035DD UT WOS:000310922200002 ER PT J AU Rozo, E Vikhlinin, A More, S AF Rozo, Eduardo Vikhlinin, Alexey More, Surhud TI THE Y-SZ-Y-X SCALING RELATION AS DETERMINED FROM PLANCK AND CHANDRA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general ID ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE; RELAXED GALAXY CLUSTERS; SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; PRESSURE PROFILE; REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE; TEMPERATURE PROFILES; RAY MEASUREMENTS; XMM-NEWTON; WMAP DATA AB Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) clusters surveys, such as Planck, the South Pole Telescope, and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, will soon be publishing several hundred SZ-selected systems. The key ingredient required to transport the mass calibration from current X-ray-selected cluster samples to these SZ systems is the Y-SZ-Y-X scaling relation. We constrain the amplitude, slope, and scatter of the Y-SZ-Y-X scaling relation using SZ data from Planck and X-ray data from Chandra. We find a best-fit amplitude of ln((DAYSZ)-Y-2/CYX) = -0.202 +/- 0.024 at the pivot point CYX = 8 x 10(-5) Mpc(2). This corresponds to a Y-SZ/Y-X ratio of 0.82 +/- 0.024, in good agreement with X-ray expectations after including the effects of gas clumping. The slope of the relation is alpha = 0.916 +/- 0.032, consistent with unity at approximate to 2.3 sigma. We are unable to detect intrinsic scatter, and find no evidence that the scaling relation depends on cluster dynamical state. C1 [Rozo, Eduardo; More, Surhud] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Rozo, Eduardo] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Vikhlinin, Alexey] Space Res Inst IKI, Moscow 117810, Russia. [Vikhlinin, Alexey] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rozo, E (reprint author), Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI More, Surhud/A-5049-2013 OI More, Surhud/0000-0002-2986-2371 FU NASA [PF9-00068, GO1-12168X, NAS8-39073]; KICP through the NSF [PHY-0551142]; Kavli Foundation FX The authors thank August Evrard, James Bartlett, and Eli Rykoff for useful discussions and comments on draft versions of the manuscript. We also thank Monique Arnaud and Gabriel Pratt for useful criticism of an earlier draft of this work, as well as the anonymous referee whose comments significantly improved the presentation of our work. E.R. is funded by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program, grant PF9-00068. A. V. is funded by NASA grant GO1-12168X and contract NAS8-39073. S. M. is supported by the KICP through the NSF grant PHY-0551142 and an endowment from the Kavli Foundation. NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 1 AR 67 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/67 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 035DD UT WOS:000310922200067 ER PT J AU Slavin, JD Frisch, PC Muller, HR Heerikhuisen, J Pogorelov, NV Reach, WT Zank, G AF Slavin, Jonathan D. Frisch, Priscilla C. Mueller, Hans-Reinhard Heerikhuisen, Jacob Pogorelov, Nikolai V. Reach, William T. Zank, Gary TI TRAJECTORIES AND DISTRIBUTION OF INTERSTELLAR DUST GRAINS IN THE HELIOSPHERE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; ISM: abundances; Sun: heliosphere ID NEUTRAL ATOM FLUX; BOUNDARY-EXPLORER; SOLAR-SYSTEM; ABUNDANCE CONSTRAINTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; FLOW; EMISSION; MODELS; CLOUD; WIND AB The solar wind carves a bubble in the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM) known as the heliosphere. Charged interstellar dust grains (ISDG) encountering the heliosphere may be diverted around the heliopause or penetrate it depending on their charge-to-mass ratio. We present new calculations of trajectories of ISDG in the heliosphere, and the dust density distributions that result. We include up-to-date grain charging calculations using a realistic UV radiation field and full three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic fluid + kinetic models for the heliosphere. Models with two different (constant) polarities for the solar wind magnetic field (SWMF) are used, with the grain trajectory calculations done separately for each polarity. Small grains a(gr) less than or similar to 0.01 mu m are completely excluded from the inner heliosphere. Large grains, a(gr) greater than or similar to 1.0 mu m, pass into the inner solar system and are concentrated near the Sun by its gravity. Trajectories of intermediate size grains depend strongly on the SWMF polarity. When the field has magnetic north pointing to ecliptic north, the field de-focuses the grains resulting in low densities in the inner heliosphere, while for the opposite polarity the dust is focused near the Sun. The ISDG density outside the heliosphere inferred from applying the model results to in situ dust measurements is inconsistent with local ISM depletion data for both SWMF polarities but is bracketed by them. This result points to the need to include the time variation in the SWMF polarity during grain propagation. Our results provide valuable insights for interpretation of the in situ dust observations from Ulysses. C1 [Slavin, Jonathan D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Frisch, Priscilla C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Mueller, Hans-Reinhard] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Heerikhuisen, Jacob; Pogorelov, Nikolai V.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Heerikhuisen, Jacob; Pogorelov, Nikolai V.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Phys & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Reach, William T.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Zank, Gary] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Zank, Gary] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Slavin, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, MS 83,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Reach, William/0000-0001-8362-4094; Slavin, Jonathan/0000-0002-7597-6935; Heerikhuisen, Jacob/0000-0001-7867-3633 FU NASA [NNX08AJ33G, NNX09AG63G, NNX12AB30G]; Interstellar Boundary Explorer mission as a part of NASA's Explorer Program; NASA SHP SRT [NNX10AC44G]; DOE [DE-SC0008334] FX This work has been supported by NASA Grant No. NNX08AJ33G to the University of Chicago, and by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer mission as a part of NASA's Explorer Program. H.R.M. acknowledges support by NASA SHP SR&T Grant No. NNX10AC44G. The UAH team was supported by NASA Grants NNX09AG63G and NNX12AB30G, and DOE Grant DE-SC0008334. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 1 AR 46 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/46 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 035DD UT WOS:000310922200046 ER PT J AU Strader, J Fabbiano, G Luo, B Kim, DW Brodie, JP Fragos, T Gallagher, JS Kalogera, V King, A Zezas, A AF Strader, Jay Fabbiano, Giuseppina Luo, Bin Kim, Dong-Woo Brodie, Jean P. Fragos, Tassos Gallagher, John S. Kalogera, Vassiliki King, Andrew Zezas, Andreas TI DEEP CHANDRA MONITORING OBSERVATIONS OF NGC 4649. II. WIDE-FIELD HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE IMAGING OF THE GLOBULAR CLUSTERS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (NGC 4649); galaxies: star clusters: general; globular clusters: general ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; COMPACT DWARF GALAXIES; ADVANCED CAMERA; STELLAR-SYSTEMS; SIZE DIFFERENCE; STAR-CLUSTERS; MAGNITUDE; FORNAX; DISTRIBUTIONS; ELLIPTICALS AB We present g and z photometry and size estimates for globular clusters (GCs) in the massive Virgo elliptical NGC 4649 (M60) using a five-pointing Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys mosaic. The metal-poor GCs show a monotonic negative metallicity gradient of -0.43 +/- 0.10 dex per dex in radius over the full radial range of the data, out to similar to 24 kpc. There is evidence for substantial color substructure among the metal-rich GCs. The metal-poor GCs have typical sizes similar to 0.4 pc larger than the metal-rich GCs out to large galactocentric distances (greater than or similar to 20 kpc), favoring an intrinsic explanation for the size difference rather than projection effects. There is no clear relation between half-light radius and galactocentric distance beyond similar to 15 kpc, suggesting that the sizes of GCs are not generically set by tidal limitation. Finally, we identify similar to 20 candidate ultracompact dwarfs that extend down to surprisingly faint absolute magnitudes (M-z similar to -8.5), and may bridge the gap between this class and "extended clusters" in the Local Group. Three of the brighter candidates have published radial velocities and can be confirmed as bona fide ultracompact dwarfs; follow-up spectroscopy will determine the nature of the remainder of the candidates. C1 [Strader, Jay] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Strader, Jay; Fabbiano, Giuseppina; Luo, Bin; Kim, Dong-Woo; Fragos, Tassos] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Brodie, Jean P.] UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Gallagher, John S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kalogera, Vassiliki] Northwestern Univ, CIERA, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Kalogera, Vassiliki] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [King, Andrew] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Zezas, Andreas] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, GR-71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. RP Strader, J (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM strader@pa.msu.edu RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011; Fragos, Tassos/A-3581-2016 OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Fragos, Tassos/0000-0003-1474-1523 FU HST Grant [GO-12369.01-A]; Chandra Grant [GO1-12110X]; NASA [NAS8-39073]; NSF [AST-109878]; CfA program; ITC prize fellowship program FX We thank Aaron Romanowsky for helpful comments. This work has been improved by the comments of an anonymous referee. Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. This work was supported by HST Grant GO-12369.01-A (PI: Fabbiano), Chandra Grant GO1-12110X (PI: Fabbiano), NASA Contract NAS8-39073 (CXC), and NSF grant AST-109878 (PI: Brodie). T.F. acknowledges support from the CfA and the ITC prize fellowship programs. NR 51 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 1 AR 87 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/87 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 035DD UT WOS:000310922200087 ER PT J AU van Dokkum, PG Conroy, C AF van Dokkum, Pieter G. Conroy, Charlie TI THE STELLAR INITIAL MASS FUNCTION IN EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES FROM ABSORPTION LINE SPECTROSCOPY. I. DATA AND EMPIRICAL TRENDS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; galaxies: evolution ID COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; SAURON PROJECT; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; POPULATION HISTORIES; PRECISION PHOTOMETRY; LENTICULAR GALAXIES; CLUSTER GALAXIES; FORMATION EPOCH; VIRGO CLUSTERS AB The strength of gravity-sensitive absorption lines in the integrated light of old stellar populations is one of the few direct probes of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) outside of the Milky Way. Owing to the advent of fully depleted CCDs with little or no fringing it has recently become possible to obtain accurate measurements of these features. Here, we present spectra covering the wavelength ranges 0.35-0.55 mu m and 0.72-1.03 mu m for the bulge of M31 and 34 early-type galaxies from the SAURON sample, obtained with the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrometer on Keck. The signal-to-noise ratio is greater than or similar to 200 angstrom(-1) out to 1 mu m, which is sufficient to measure gravity-sensitive features for individual galaxies and to determine how they depend on other properties of the galaxies. Combining the new data with previously obtained spectra for globular clusters in M31 and the most massive elliptical galaxies in the Virgo cluster, we find that the dwarf-sensitive Na I lambda 8183, 8195 doublet and the FeH lambda 9916 Wing-Ford band increase systematically with velocity dispersion, while the giant-sensitive Ca II lambda 8498, 8542, 8662 triplet decreases with dispersion. These trends are consistent with a varying IMF, such that galaxies with deeper potential wells have more dwarf-enriched mass functions. In a companion paper, we use a comprehensive stellar population synthesis model to demonstrate that IMF effects can be separated from age and abundance variations and quantify the IMF variation among early-type galaxies. C1 [van Dokkum, Pieter G.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Conroy, Charlie] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Conroy, Charlie] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP van Dokkum, PG (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. FU W. M. Keck Foundation FX The report by the anonymous referee significantly improved the paper. The data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. NR 86 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 1 AR 70 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/70 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 035DD UT WOS:000310922200070 ER PT J AU Perez, LM Carpenter, JM Chandler, CJ Isella, A Andrews, SM Ricci, L Calvet, N Corder, SA Deller, AT Dullemond, CP Greaves, JS Harris, RJ Henning, T Kwon, W Lazio, J Linz, H Mundy, LG Sargent, AI Storm, S Testi, L Wilner, DJ AF Perez, Laura M. Carpenter, John M. Chandler, Claire J. Isella, Andrea Andrews, Sean M. Ricci, Luca Calvet, Nuria Corder, Stuartt A. Deller, Adam T. Dullemond, Cornelis P. Greaves, Jane S. Harris, Robert J. Henning, Thomas Kwon, Woojin Lazio, Joseph Linz, Hendrik Mundy, Lee G. Sargent, Anneila I. Storm, Shaye Testi, Leonardo Wilner, David J. TI CONSTRAINTS ON THE RADIAL VARIATION OF GRAIN GROWTH IN THE AS 209 CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE protoplanetary disks; stars: individual (AS 209) ID T-TAURI STARS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; ACCRETION DISKS; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; CQ TAURI; EVOLUTION; OPACITIES; SIZE AB We present dust continuum observations of the protoplanetary disk surrounding the pre-main-sequence star AS 209, spanning more than an order of magnitude in wavelength from 0.88 to 9.8 mm. The disk was observed with subarcsecond angular resolution (0 ''.2-0 ''.5) to investigate radial variations in its dust properties. At longer wavelengths, the disk emission structure is notably more compact, providing model-independent evidence for changes in the grain properties across the disk. We find that physical models which reproduce the disk emission require a radial dependence of the dust opacity kappa(nu) Assuming that the observed wavelength-dependent structure can be attributed to radial variations in the dust opacity spectral index (beta), we find that beta(R) increases from beta < 0.5 at similar to 20 AU to beta > 1.5 for R greater than or similar to 80 AU, inconsistent with a constant value of beta across the disk (at the 10 sigma level). Furthermore, if radial variations of kappa(nu) are caused by particle growth, we find that the maximum size of the particle-size distribution (a(max)) increases from submillimeter-sized grains in the outer disk (R greater than or similar to 70 AU) to millimeter- and centimeter-sized grains in the inner disk regions (R less than or similar to 70 AU). We compare our observational constraint on a(max)(R) with predictions from physical models of dust evolution in protoplanetary disks. For the dust composition and particle-size distribution investigated here, our observational constraints on a(max)(R) are consistent with models where the maximum grain size is limited by radial drift. C1 [Perez, Laura M.; Carpenter, John M.; Isella, Andrea; Ricci, Luca; Sargent, Anneila I.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chandler, Claire J.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Andrews, Sean M.; Harris, Robert J.; Wilner, David J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Calvet, Nuria] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Corder, Stuartt A.] Joint ALMA Observ, Santiago, Chile. [Deller, Adam T.] Netherlands Inst Radio Astron ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Dullemond, Cornelis P.; Linz, Hendrik] Univ Heidelberg, Ctr Astron, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Greaves, Jane S.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Henning, Thomas] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Kwon, Woojin] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lazio, Joseph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Mundy, Lee G.; Storm, Shaye] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Testi, Leonardo] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Testi, Leonardo] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Perez, LM (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Astron, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI Dullemond, Cornelis/0000-0002-7078-5910; Deller, Adam/0000-0001-9434-3837 FU NSF [AST-1109334]; Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica FX We acknowledge T. Birnstiel for useful discussions. A.I., J.M.C., L.M.P acknowledge support from NSF award AST-1109334. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. Ongoing CARMA development and operations are supported by the National Science Foundation under a cooperative agreement, and by the CARMA partner universities. The SMA is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, funded by the Smithsonian Institution and Academia Sinica. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 35 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 760 IS 1 AR L17 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/760/1/L17 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 033ZE UT WOS:000310839100017 ER PT J AU Petraglia, MD Alsharekh, A Breeze, P Clarkson, C Crassard, R Drake, NA Groucutt, HS Jennings, R Parker, AG Parton, A Roberts, RG Shipton, C Matheson, C al-Omari, A Veall, MA AF Petraglia, Michael D. Alsharekh, Abdullah Breeze, Paul Clarkson, Chris Crassard, Remy Drake, Nick A. Groucutt, Huw S. Jennings, Richard Parker, Adrian G. Parton, Ash Roberts, Richard G. Shipton, Ceri Matheson, Carney al-Omari, Abdulaziz Veall, Margaret-Ashley TI Hominin Dispersal into the Nefud Desert and Middle Palaeolithic Settlement along the Jubbah Palaeolake, Northern Arabia SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MODERN HUMANS; HOMO-SAPIENS; SAUDI-ARABIA; UPPER PLEISTOCENE; HUMAN-POPULATIONS; HUMAN PREHISTORY; HUMAN-EVOLUTION; SOUTHERN ROUTE; AFRICA; ASIA AB The Arabian Peninsula is a key region for understanding hominin dispersals and the effect of climate change on prehistoric demography, although little information on these topics is presently available owing to the poor preservation of archaeological sites in this desert environment. Here, we describe the discovery of three stratified and buried archaeological sites in the Nefud Desert, which includes the oldest dated occupation for the region. The stone tool assemblages are identified as a Middle Palaeolithic industry that includes Levallois manufacturing methods and the production of tools on flakes. Hominin occupations correspond with humid periods, particularly Marine Isotope Stages 7 and 5 of the Late Pleistocene. The Middle Palaeolithic occupations were situated along the Jubbah palaeolake-shores, in a grassland setting with some trees. Populations procured different raw materials across the lake region to manufacture stone tools, using the implements to process plants and animals. To reach the Jubbah palaeolake, Middle Palaeolithic populations travelled into the ameliorated Nefud Desert interior, possibly gaining access from multiple directions, either using routes from the north and west (the Levant and the Sinai), the north (the Mesopotamian plains and the Euphrates basin), or the east (the Persian Gulf). The Jubbah stone tool assemblages have their own suite of technological characters, but have types reminiscent of both African Middle Stone Age and Levantine Middle Palaeolithic industries. Comparative inter-regional analysis of core technology indicates morphological similarities with the Levantine Tabun C assemblage, associated with human fossils controversially identified as either Neanderthals or Homo sapiens. C1 [Petraglia, Michael D.; Groucutt, Huw S.] Univ Oxford, Res Lab Archaeol & Hist Art, Sch Archaeol, Oxford, England. [Petraglia, Michael D.] Smithsonian Inst, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Alsharekh, Abdullah] King Saud Univ, Dept Archaeol, Coll Tourism & Archaeol, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Alsharekh, Abdullah] Minist Higher Educ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Breeze, Paul; Drake, Nick A.] Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Clarkson, Chris; Shipton, Ceri] Univ Queensland, Sch Social Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Crassard, Remy] CNRS, Lyon, France. [Jennings, Richard] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Archaeol, Cork, Ireland. [Parker, Adrian G.; Parton, Ash] Oxford Brookes Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Oxford OX3 0BP, England. [Roberts, Richard G.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Ctr Archaeol Sci, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Matheson, Carney; Veall, Margaret-Ashley] Lakehead Univ, Dept Anthropol, Paleo DNA Lab, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. [al-Omari, Abdulaziz] Taif Antiqu Off, Saudi Gen Commiss Tourism & Antiqu, At Taif, Saudi Arabia. RP Petraglia, MD (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Res Lab Archaeol & Hist Art, Sch Archaeol, Oxford, England. EM michael.petraglia@rlaha.ox.ac.uk RI Roberts, Richard/B-8245-2013; OI Roberts, Richard/0000-0002-0128-4119; Clarkson, Chris/0000-0002-8938-8974; Jennings, Richard/0000-0001-9996-7518; Crassard, Remy/0000-0002-2403-1894 FU National Geographic Society; Leakey Foundation; European Research Council [295719]; Australian Research Council; Arts and Humanities Research Council FX This research was funded by the National Geographic Society, the Leakey Foundation, the European Research Council (no. 295719) and the Australian Research Council. The authors acknowledge the Australian Research Council for laboratory analysis and the Arts and Humanities Research Council for a doctoral studentship to HG. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 67 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 37 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 19 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e49840 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0049840 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 040PB UT WOS:000311333800055 PM 23185454 ER PT J AU Glenn, DR Zhang, H Kasthuri, N Schalek, R Lo, PK Trifonov, AS Park, H Lichtman, JW Walsworth, RL AF Glenn, D. R. Zhang, H. Kasthuri, N. Schalek, R. Lo, P. K. Trifonov, A. S. Park, H. Lichtman, J. W. Walsworth, R. L. TI Correlative light and electron microscopy using cathodoluminescence from nanoparticles with distinguishable colours SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENT NANODIAMONDS; DIAMOND; CELLS; RESOLUTION; DEFECTS; TISSUES AB Correlative light and electron microscopy promises to combine molecular specificity with nanoscale imaging resolution. However, there are substantial technical challenges including reliable co-registration of optical and electron images, and rapid optical signal degradation under electron beam irradiation. Here, we introduce a new approach to solve these problems: imaging of stable optical cathodoluminescence emitted in a scanning electron microscope by nanoparticles with controllable surface chemistry. We demonstrate well-correlated cathodoluminescence and secondary electron images using three species of semiconductor nanoparticles that contain defects providing stable, spectrally-distinguishable cathodoluminescence. We also demonstrate reliable surface functionalization of the particles. The results pave the way for the use of such nanoparticles for targeted labeling of surfaces to provide nanoscale mapping of molecular composition, indicated by cathodoluminescence colour, simultaneously acquired with structural electron images in a single instrument. C1 [Glenn, D. R.; Zhang, H.; Trifonov, A. S.; Walsworth, R. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kasthuri, N.; Schalek, R.; Lichtman, J. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kasthuri, N.; Schalek, R.; Lichtman, J. W.; Walsworth, R. L.] Harvard Univ, Ctr Brain Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lo, P. K.; Park, H.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Park, H.; Walsworth, R. L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Walsworth, RL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rwalsworth@cfa.harvard.edu RI lo, pik Kwan peggy/D-3196-2012; Zhang, Huiliang/A-1630-2014 FU NSF; Smithsonian Institution FX This work was partially supported by the NSF and the Smithsonian Institution. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 38 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 2 AR 865 DI 10.1038/srep00865 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 037KF UT WOS:000311102100001 PM 23155483 ER PT J AU Faith, JT Potts, R Plummer, TW Bishop, LC Marean, CW Tryon, CA AF Faith, J. Tyler Potts, Richard Plummer, Thomas W. Bishop, Laura C. Marean, Curtis W. Tryon, Christian A. TI New perspectives on middle Pleistocene change in the large mammal faunas of East Africa: Damaliscus hypsodon sp nov (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from Lainyamok, Kenya SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blesbok; Bovidae; Damaliscus; Ecomorphology; Faunal turnover; Pleistocene; Quaternary extinctions ID STONE-AGE; LOCOMOTOR ADAPTATIONS; KAPTHURIN FORMATION; HOMINID; PALEOECOLOGY; VARIABILITY; EXTINCTIONS; MORPHOLOGY; ARTIFACTS; ETHIOPIA AB The middle Pleistocene fossil mammal assemblage from Lainyamok in the southern Kenya rift has previously been considered the oldest (330-392 ka) African mammal community consisting entirely of extant species, with the dominant bovid tentatively attributed to the southern African blesbok (Damaliscus cf. dorcas). We show that the blesbok-like fossils from Lainyamok belong to an extinct species, described here as Damaliscus hypsodon sp. nov. The D. hypsodon hypodigm includes the previously unnamed small alcelaphine material known from late Pleistocene sites elsewhere in Kenya and Tanzania. Its dental anatomy, together with an ecomorphological analysis of its postcrania, indicates that D. hypsodon grazed in open and arid grassland environments. Although Lainyamok is no longer represented entirely by extant species, the absence of species common earlier in the middle Pleistocene of East Africa suggests substantial faunal turnover between 500 and 400 ka. Damaliscus hypsodon persisted in East Africa until the end of the Pleistocene and its extinction can be attributed to a loss of arid grassland environments at the onset of the Holocene. The fossil evidence from southern Kenya suggests that the development of the taxonomically modern large mammal community was a long-term process characterized by the extinction of grazing specialists, with marked turnover occurring between similar to 500 and 400 ka and near the end of the Pleistocene. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Faith, J. Tyler] Univ Queensland, Archaeol Program, Sch Social Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Potts, Richard] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Potts, Richard] Natl Museums Kenya, Dept Earth Sci, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Plummer, Thomas W.] CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Anthropol, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Plummer, Thomas W.] NYCEP, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Bishop, Laura C.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Nat Sci & Psychol, Res Ctr Evolutionary Anthropol & Palaeoecol, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. [Marean, Curtis W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, Inst Human Origins, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Tryon, Christian A.] NYU, Dept Anthropol, Ctr Study Human Origins, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP Faith, JT (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Archaeol Program, Sch Social Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM j.faith@uq.edu.au; pottsr@si.edu; thomas.plummer@qc.cuny.edu; LC.Bishop@ljmu.ac.uk; Curtis.Marean@asu.edu; Christian.Tryon@nyu.edu RI Faith, J. Tyler/E-7146-2015; OI Tryon, Christian/0000-0002-2354-3273; Bishop, Laura/0000-0002-4216-8667 FU NSF [BCS 1013199, BCS 8317686, BNS 8815128]; Leakey Foundation; National Geographic Society Committee for Research and Exploration [8762-10]; Peter Buck Fund for Human Origins Research; Leverhulme Trust FX We thank the National Museums of Kenya for collaboration and permission to conduct research, and the NMK's Department of Earth Sciences for its care of the Lainyamok and other paleontological collections described here. We acknowledge with appreciation Lainyamok project co-director P. Shipman, along with the Kenyan excavation crews who expertly recovered the fossil remains from several of the key sites noted in this paper. We thank the Iziko South African museum for providing access to the South African fossils examined here and Sally McBrearty for providing access to the equids from Simbi. We also thank Will Harcourt-Smith for the photographs used in Figs. 2 and 3. This research is supported by NSF grants BCS 1013199 (CAT and JTF), BCS 8317686 (RP), and BNS 8815128 (CWM), the Leakey Foundation (CAT), the National Geographic Society Committee for Research and Exploration (8762-10) (CAT), the Peter Buck Fund for Human Origins Research (RP), and the Leverhulme Trust (LCB). NR 63 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 361 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.08.005 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 033TU UT WOS:000310824800008 ER PT J AU Batygin, K AF Batygin, Konstantin TI A primordial origin for misalignments between stellar spin axes and planetary orbits SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-STAR-FORMATION; HOT JUPITERS; TAURUS-AURIGA; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; BINARY; ENVIRONMENT; SCATTERING; MIGRATION; EVOLUTION AB The existence of gaseous giant planets whose orbits lie close to their host stars ('hot Jupiters') can largely be accounted for by planetary migration associated with viscous evolution of proto-planetary nebulae(1). Recently, observations of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect(2) during planetary transits have revealed that a considerable fraction of hot Jupiters are on orbits that are misaligned with respect to the spin axes of their host stars(3). This observation has cast doubt on the importance of disk-driven migration as a mechanism for producing hot Jupiters. Here I show that misaligned orbits can be a natural consequence of disk migration in binary systems whose orbital plane is uncorrelated with the spin axes of the individual stars(4-6). The gravitational torques arising from the dynamical evolution of idealized proto-planetary disks under perturbations from massive distant bodies act to misalign the orbital planes of the disks relative to the spin poles of their host stars. As a result, I suggest that in the absence of strong coupling between the angular momentum of the disk and that of the host star, or of sufficient dissipation that acts to realign the stellar spin axis and the planetary orbits, the fraction of planetary systems (including systems of 'hot Neptunes' and 'super-Earths') whose angular momentum vectors are misaligned with respect to their host stars will be commensurate with the rate of primordial stellar multiplicity. C1 [Batygin, Konstantin] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Batygin, Konstantin] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Batygin, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM kbatygin@gps.caltech.edu NR 29 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 491 IS 7424 BP 418 EP 420 DI 10.1038/nature11560 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 036MY UT WOS:000311031600040 PM 23151584 ER PT J AU Fornasa, M Zavala, J Sanchez-Conde, MA Prada, F Vogelsberger, M AF Fornasa, Mattia Zavala, Jesus Sanchez-Conde, Miguel A. Prada, Francisco Vogelsberger, Mark TI Dark Matter implications of the Fermi-LAT measurement of anisotropies in the diffuse gamma-ray background: Status report SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Roma International Conference on Astroparticle Physics (RICAP) CY MAY 24-27, 2011 CL Roma Tre Univ, Rome, ITALY SP Univ Sapienza, Univ Tor Vergata HO Roma Tre Univ DE Dark Matter; Anisotropies ID GALAXIES; BLAZARS; RADIATION; EMISSION AB For the first time, the Fermi-LAT measured the angular power spectrum (APS) of anisotropies in the diffuse gamma-ray background. The data is found to be broadly compatible with a model with contributions from the point sources in the 1-yr catalog, the galactic diffuse background, and the extragalactic isotropic emission; however, deviations are present at both large and small angular scales. In this study, we complement the model with a contribution from Dark Matter (DM) whose distribution is modeled exploiting the results of the most recent N-body simulations, considering the contribution of extragalactic halos and subhalos (from Millennium-II) and of galactic substructures (from Aquarius). With the use of the Fermi Science Tools, these simulations serve as templates to produce mock gamma-ray count maps for DM gamma-ray emission, both in the case of an annihilating and a decaying DM candidate. The APS will then be computed and compared with the Fermi-LAT results to derive constraints on the DM particle physics properties. The possible systematic due to an imperfect model of the galactic foreground is also studied and taken into account properly. The present paper reports on the status of the project. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fornasa, Mattia; Prada, Francisco] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Glorieta Astron, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [Zavala, Jesus] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Sanchez-Conde, Miguel A.] KIPAC SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Vogelsberger, Mark] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fornasa, M (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Glorieta Astron, E-18008 Granada, Spain. EM fornasam@gmail.com RI Zavala Franco, Jesus/M-5152-2014; OI Zavala Franco, Jesus/0000-0003-4442-908X; Fornasa, Mattia/0000-0002-2692-117X NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2012 VL 692 BP 132 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2011.12.092 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 020CJ UT WOS:000309786000024 ER PT J AU Dell'Agnello, S Maiello, M Currie, DG Boni, A Berardi, S Cantone, C Delle Monache, GO Intaglietta, N Lops, C Garattini, M Martini, M Patrizi, G Porcelli, L Tibuzzi, M Vittori, R Bianco, G Coradini, A Dionisio, C March, R Bellettini, G Tauraso, R Chandler, J AF Dell'Agnello, S. Maiello, M. Currie, D. G. Boni, A. Berardi, S. Cantone, C. Delle Monache, G. O. Intaglietta, N. Lops, C. Garattini, M. Martini, M. Patrizi, G. Porcelli, L. Tibuzzi, M. Vittori, R. Bianco, G. Coradini, A. Dionisio, C. March, R. Bellettini, G. Tauraso, R. Chandler, J. TI Probing General Relativity and New Physics with Lunar Laser Ranging SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Roma International Conference on Astroparticle Physics (RICAP) CY MAY 24-27, 2011 CL Roma Tre Univ, Roma, ITALY SP Univ Sapienza, Univ Tor Vergata HO Roma Tre Univ DE Probing General Relativity; Laser ranging AB Over the past 40 years, Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR, developed by the Univ. of Maryland (PI) and INFN-LNF (Co-PI)) to the Apollo Cube Corner Retroreflector (CCR) arrays have supplied almost all the significant tests of General Relativity (Currie et al., 2009 [12]). LLR can evaluate the PPN (Post Newtonian Parameters), addressing this way both the possible changes in the gravitational constant and the self-energy properties of the gravitational field. In addition, the LLR has provided significant information on the composition and origin of the Moon. This is the only Apollo experiment that is still in operation. Initially the Apollo LLR arrays contributed a negligible fraction of the ranging error budget. Over the decades, the ranging capabilities of the ground stations have improved by more than two orders of magnitude. Now, because of the lunar librations, the existing Apollo retroreflector arrays contribute a significant fraction of the limiting errors in the range measurements. We built a new experimental apparatus (the 'Satellite/Lunar Laser Ranging Characterization Facility', SCF) and created a new test procedure (the SCF-Test) to characterize and model the detailed thermal behavior and the optical performance of cube corner laser retroreflectors in space for industrial and scientific applications (Dell'Agnello et al., 2011 [13]). Our key experimental innovation is the concurrent measurement and modeling of the optical Far Field Diffraction Pattern (FFDP) and the temperature distribution of the SLR retroreflector payload under thermal conditions produced with a close-match solar simulator. The apparatus includes infrared cameras for non-invasive thermometry, thermal control and real-time movement of the payload to experimentally simulate satellite orientation on orbit with respect to both solar illumination and laser interrogation beams. These unique capabilities provide experimental validation of the space segment for SLR and Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR). The primary goal of these innovative tools is to provide critical design and diagnostic capabilities for Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) to Galileo and other GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) constellations. Implementation of new retroreflector designs being studied will help to improve GNSS orbits, which will then increase the accuracy, stability, and distribution of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF)14], to provide better definition of the geocenter (origin) and the scale (length unit). The SCF is also actively used to develop, validate and optimize the second generation LLR arrays for precision gravity and lunar science measurements to be performed with robotic missions of the International Lunar Network in which NASA and ASI participate (ILN). The capability will allow us to optimize the design of GNSS laser retroreflector payloads to maximize ranging efficiency, to improve signal-to-noise conditions in daylight and to provide pre-launch validation of retroreflector performance under laboratory-simulated space conditions. For the MAGIA lunar orbiter Phase A study funded by ASI (Dell'Agnello et al., 2010 1141), we studied fundamental physics and absolute positioning metrology experiments, to improve test of the gravitational redshift in the Earth-Moon system predicted by General Relativity and a precursor test of our second generation LLR payload. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dell'Agnello, S.; Maiello, M.; Boni, A.; Berardi, S.; Cantone, C.; Delle Monache, G. O.; Intaglietta, N.; Lops, C.; Garattini, M.; Martini, M.; Patrizi, G.; Porcelli, L.; Tibuzzi, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, LNF, Rome, Italy. [Currie, D. G.] Univ Maryland UMD, College Pk, MD USA. [Vittori, R.] AMI, Rome, Italy. [Vittori, R.] ASI, Rome, Italy. [Coradini, A.] INAF Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario IFSI, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [March, R.] INFN LNF, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [March, R.] CNR Ist Applicazioni Calcolo IAC, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Bellettini, G.; Tauraso, R.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Math, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Bellettini, G.; Tauraso, R.] INFN LNF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Dionisio, C.] Rheinmetall Italia SpA, I-00131 Rome, Italy. [Bianco, G.] ASI Ctr Geodesia Spaziale, Matera, Italy. [Chandler, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Maiello, M (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, LNF, Rome, Italy. EM mauro.maiello@lnf.infn.it OI Bianco, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4538-6467; Tauraso, Roberto/0000-0002-5619-3513; March, Riccardo/0000-0003-3144-7537; Martini, Manuele/0000-0001-6508-2930 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2012 VL 692 BP 275 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2012.01.002 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 020CJ UT WOS:000309786000056 ER PT J AU Aliu, E Archambault, S Arlen, T Aune, T Beilicke, M Benbow, W Bottcher, M Bouvier, A Buckley, JH Bugaev, V Cesarini, A Ciupik, L Collins-Hughes, E Connolly, MP Cui, W Dickherber, R Duke, C Dumm, J Errando, M Falcone, A Federici, S Feng, Q Finley, JP Finnegan, G Fortson, L Furniss, A Galante, N Gall, D Godambe, S Griffin, S Grube, J Gyuk, G Hanna, D Holder, J Huan, H Kaaret, P Karlsson, N Khassen, Y Kieda, D Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lee, K Madhavan, AS Maier, G Majumdar, P McArthur, S McCann, A Moriarty, P Mukherjee, R Nelson, T de Bhroithe, AO Ong, RA Orr, M Otte, AN Park, N Perkins, JS Pichel, A Pohl, M Prokoph, H Quinn, J Ragan, K Reyes, LC Reynolds, PT Roache, E Saxon, DB Sembroski, GH Staszak, D Telezhinsky, I Tesic, G Theiling, M Thibadeau, S Tsurusaki, K Varlotta, A Vassiliev, VV Vincent, S Vivier, M Wakely, SP Weekes, TC Weinstein, A Welsing, R Williams, DA Zitzer, B Fortin, P Horan, D Fumagalli, M Kaplan, K Prochaska, JX AF Aliu, E. Archambault, S. Arlen, T. Aune, T. Beilicke, M. Benbow, W. Boettcher, M. Bouvier, A. Buckley, J. H. Bugaev, V. Cesarini, A. Ciupik, L. Collins-Hughes, E. Connolly, M. P. Cui, W. Dickherber, R. Duke, C. Dumm, J. Errando, M. Falcone, A. Federici, S. Feng, Q. Finley, J. P. Finnegan, G. Fortson, L. Furniss, A. Galante, N. Gall, D. Godambe, S. Griffin, S. Grube, J. Gyuk, G. Hanna, D. Holder, J. Huan, H. Kaaret, P. Karlsson, N. Khassen, Y. Kieda, D. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lee, K. Madhavan, A. S. Maier, G. Majumdar, P. McArthur, S. McCann, A. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. Nelson, T. de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain Ong, R. A. Orr, M. Otte, A. N. Park, N. Perkins, J. S. Pichel, A. Pohl, M. Prokoph, H. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reyes, L. C. Reynolds, P. T. Roache, E. Saxon, D. B. Sembroski, G. H. Staszak, D. Telezhinsky, I. Tesic, G. Theiling, M. Thibadeau, S. Tsurusaki, K. Varlotta, A. Vassiliev, V. V. Vincent, S. Vivier, M. Wakely, S. P. Weekes, T. C. Weinstein, A. Welsing, R. Williams, D. A. Zitzer, B. Fortin, P. Horan, D. Fumagalli, M. Kaplan, K. Prochaska, J. X. CA VERITAS Collaboration TI VERITAS OBSERVATIONS OF SIX BRIGHT, HARD-SPECTRUM FERMI-LAT BLAZARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: general; gamma rays: galaxies ID EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ENERGY GAMMA-RAYS; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; RELATIVISTIC JET; COMPLETE SAMPLE; SOURCE CATALOG AB We report on VERITAS very high energy (VHE; E >= 100 GeV) observations of six blazars selected from the Fermi Large Area Telescope First Source Catalog (1FGL). The gamma-ray emission from 1FGL sources was extrapolated up to the VHE band, taking gamma-ray absorption by the extragalactic background light into account. This allowed the selection of six bright, hard-spectrum blazars that were good candidate TeV emitters. Spectroscopic redshift measurements were attempted with the Keck Telescope for the targets without Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectroscopic data. No VHE emission is detected during the observations of the six sources described here. Corresponding TeV upper limits are presented, along with contemporaneous Fermi observations and non-concurrent Swift UVOT and X-Ray Telescope data. The blazar broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are assembled and modeled with a single-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. The SED built for each of the six blazars shows a synchrotron peak bordering between the intermediate-and high-spectrum-peak classifications, with four of the six resulting in particle-dominated emission regions. C1 [Aune, T.; Bouvier, A.; Furniss, A.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Aune, T.; Bouvier, A.; Furniss, A.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Aliu, E.; Errando, M.; Mukherjee, R.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Barnard Coll, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Archambault, S.; Griffin, S.; Hanna, D.; Ragan, K.; Staszak, D.; Tesic, G.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Arlen, T.; Majumdar, P.; Ong, R. A.; Vassiliev, V. V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Beilicke, M.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Dickherber, R.; Krawczynski, H.; Lee, K.; McArthur, S.; Thibadeau, S.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Benbow, W.; Galante, N.; Roache, E.; Weekes, T. C.; Fortin, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Boettcher, M.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Astrophys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Cesarini, A.; Connolly, M. P.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Ciupik, L.; Grube, J.; Gyuk, G.] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Collins-Hughes, E.; Khassen, Y.; de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain; Quinn, J.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Cui, W.; Feng, Q.; Finley, J. P.; Sembroski, G. H.; Theiling, M.; Varlotta, A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Duke, C.] Grinnell Coll, Dept Phys, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. [Dumm, J.; Fortson, L.; Karlsson, N.; Nelson, T.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Falcone, A.] Penn State Univ, Davey Lab 525, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Federici, S.; Maier, G.; Pohl, M.; Prokoph, H.; Telezhinsky, I.; Vincent, S.; Welsing, R.] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Federici, S.; Pohl, M.; Telezhinsky, I.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Finnegan, G.; Godambe, S.; Kieda, D.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Gall, D.; Kaaret, P.; Tsurusaki, K.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Holder, J.; Saxon, D. B.; Vivier, M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Holder, J.; Saxon, D. B.; Vivier, M.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Huan, H.; Park, N.; Wakely, S. P.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Krennrich, F.; Madhavan, A. S.; Orr, M.; Weinstein, A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [McCann, A.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Moriarty, P.] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Life & Phys Sci, Galway, Ireland. [Otte, A. N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Otte, A. N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] NASA, Astroparticle Phys Lab, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Pichel, A.] Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Reyes, L. C.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 94307 USA. [Reynolds, P. T.] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys & Instrumentat, Cork, Ireland. [Zitzer, B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Prochaska, J. X.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Boettcher, M.] North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2531 Potchefstroom, South Africa. RP Furniss, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM afurniss@ucsc.edu; pafortin@cfa.harvard.edu; deirdre@llr.in2p3.fr RI Khassen, Yerbol/I-3806-2015; Fumagalli, Michele/K-9510-2015; OI Khassen, Yerbol/0000-0002-7296-3100; Fumagalli, Michele/0000-0001-6676-3842; Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; U.S. National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; NSERC in Canada; Science Foundation Ireland [SFI 10/RFP/AST2748]; STFC in the U.K; NSF [AST-0548180]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX This research is supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, the U.S. National Science Foundation, and the Smithsonian Institution, by NSERC in Canada, by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI 10/RFP/AST2748), and by STFC in the U.K. We acknowledge the excellent work of the technical support staff at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory and at the collaborating institutions in the construction and operation of the instrument. The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. J.X.P. acknowledges funding through an NSF CAREER grant (AST-0548180). Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS Web site is http://www.sdss.org/. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 91 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 2 AR 102 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/102 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 034ZL UT WOS:000310911300025 ER PT J AU Bovy, J Prieto, CA Beers, TC Bizyaev, D da Costa, LN Cunha, K Ebelke, GL Eisenstein, DJ Frinchaboy, PM Perez, AEG Girardi, L Hearty, FR Hogg, DW Holtzman, J Maia, MAG Majewski, SR Malanushenko, E Malanushenko, V Meszaros, S Nidever, DL O'Connell, RW O'Donnell, C Oravetz, A Pan, KK Rocha-Pinto, HJ Schiavon, RP Schneider, DP Schultheis, M Skrutskie, M Smith, VV Weinberg, DH Wilson, JC Zasowski, G AF Bovy, Jo Allende Prieto, Carlos Beers, Timothy C. Bizyaev, Dmitry da Costa, Luiz N. Cunha, Katia Ebelke, Garrett L. Eisenstein, Daniel J. Frinchaboy, Peter M. Perez, Ana Elia Garcia Girardi, Leo Hearty, Fred R. Hogg, David W. Holtzman, Jon Maia, Marcio A. G. Majewski, Steven R. Malanushenko, Elena Malanushenko, Viktor Meszaros, Szabolcs Nidever, David L. O'Connell, Robert W. O'Donnell, Christine Oravetz, Audrey Pan, Kaike Rocha-Pinto, Helio J. Schiavon, Ricardo P. Schneider, Donald P. Schultheis, Mathias Skrutskie, Michael Smith, Verne V. Weinberg, David H. Wilson, John C. Zasowski, Gail TI THE MILKY WAY'S CIRCULAR-VELOCITY CURVE BETWEEN 4 AND 14 kpc FROM APOGEE DATA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: disk; Galaxy: fundamental parameters; Galaxy: general; Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy: structure; stars: kinematics and dynamics ID MONO-ABUNDANCE SUBPOPULATIONS; HORIZONTAL-BRANCH STARS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ROTATION CURVE; NEARBY STARS; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; GALACTIC-CENTER; HIPPARCOS DATA; MOVING GROUPS; WAY DISK AB We measure the Milky Way's rotation curve over the Galactocentric range 4 kpc less than or similar to R less than or similar to 14 kpc from the first year of data from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment. We model the line-of-sight velocities of 3365 stars in 14 fields with b = 0 degrees between 30 degrees <= l <= 210 degrees out to distances of 10 kpc using an axisymmetric kinematical model that includes a correction for the asymmetric drift of the warm tracer population (sigma(R) approximate to 35 km s(-1)). We determine the local value of the circular velocity to be V-c(R-0) = 218 +/- 6 km s(-1) and find that the rotation curve is approximately flat with a local derivative between -3.0 km s(-1) kpc(-1) and 0.4 km s(-1) kpc(-1). We also measure the Sun's position and velocity in the Galactocentric rest frame, finding the distance to the Galactic center to be 8 kpc < R-0 < 9 kpc, radial velocity V-R,V-circle dot = -10 +/- 1 km s(-1), and rotational velocity V-phi,V-circle dot = 242(-3)(+10) km s(-1), in good agreement with local measurements of the Sun's radial velocity and with the observed proper motion of Sgr A*. We investigate various systematic uncertainties and find that these are limited to offsets at the percent level, similar to 2 kms(-1) in V-c. Marginalizing over all the systematics that we consider, we find that V-c(R-0) < 235 km s(-1) at >99 % confidence. We find an offset between the Sun's rotational velocity and the local circular velocity of 26 +/- 3 km s(-1), which is larger than the locally measured solar motion of 12 km s(-1). This larger offset reconciles our value for V-c with recent claims that V-c greater than or similar to 240 km s(-1). Combining our results with other data, we find that the Milky Way's dark-halo mass within the virial radius is similar to 8 x 10(11)M(circle dot). C1 [Bovy, Jo] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Allende Prieto, Carlos; Meszaros, Szabolcs] IAC, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain. [Allende Prieto, Carlos; Meszaros, Szabolcs] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. [Beers, Timothy C.; Smith, Verne V.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Beers, Timothy C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Beers, Timothy C.] Michigan State Univ, JINA, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bizyaev, Dmitry; Ebelke, Garrett L.; Malanushenko, Elena; Malanushenko, Viktor; Oravetz, Audrey; Pan, Kaike] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [da Costa, Luiz N.; Girardi, Leo; Maia, Marcio A. G.; Rocha-Pinto, Helio J.] Lab Interinst & Astron LIneA, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [da Costa, Luiz N.; Cunha, Katia; Maia, Marcio A. G.; Smith, Verne V.] Observ Nacl, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Cunha, Katia] U Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Eisenstein, Daniel J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Frinchaboy, Peter M.] Texas Christian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [Perez, Ana Elia Garcia; Hearty, Fred R.; Majewski, Steven R.; Nidever, David L.; O'Connell, Robert W.; O'Donnell, Christine; Skrutskie, Michael; Wilson, John C.; Zasowski, Gail] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Girardi, Leo] Osservatorio Astron Padova INAF, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Hogg, David W.] NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Hogg, David W.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Holtzman, Jon] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Rocha-Pinto, Helio J.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Observ Valongo, BR-20080090 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Schiavon, Ricardo P.] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schultheis, Mathias] Univ Franche Comte, OSU THETA, CNRS, Inst Utinam,UMR6213, F-25000 Besancon, France. [Weinberg, David H.; Zasowski, Gail] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Bovy, J (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM bovy@ias.edu RI Tecnologias espaciai, Inct/I-2415-2013; da Costa, Luiz Alberto/I-1326-2013; Rocha-Pinto, Helio/C-2719-2008; Meszaros, Szabolcs/N-2287-2014; OI da Costa, Luiz Alberto/0000-0002-7731-277X; Meszaros, Szabolcs/0000-0001-8237-5209; Bovy, Jo/0000-0001-6855-442X; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403 FU NASA through Hubble Fellowship from the Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-HF-51285.01]; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract [NAS5-26555]; German Research Foundation DFG; Physics Frontiers Center/Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA) [PHY 02-16783, PHY 08-22648]; U.S. National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; University of Arizona; Brazilian Participation Group; Brookhaven National Laboratory; University of Cambridge; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Florida; French Participation Group; German Participation Group; Harvard University; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics; New Mexico State University; New York University; Ohio State University; Pennsylvania State University; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University; Spanish Participation Group; University of Tokyo; University of Utah; Vanderbilt University; University of Virginia; University of Washington; Yale University; [SFB 881] FX It is a pleasure to thank Scott Tremaine for many illuminating discussions about this work. We also thank Jennifer Johnson, Mark Reid, Hans-Walter Rix, and Greg Stinson for helpful comments. J.B. was supported by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF-51285.01 from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. J.B. was partially supported by SFB 881 funded by the German Research Foundation DFG and is grateful to the Max Planck Institut fur Astronomie for its hospitality during part of the period during which this research was performed. T.C.B. acknowledges partial support by grants PHY 02-16783 and PHY 08-22648: Physics Frontiers Center/Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA), awarded by the U.S. National Science Foundation. This research made use of the emcee MCMC sampler (Foreman-Mackey et al. 2012).; This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation.; This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS-III Web site is http://www.sdss3.org/.; SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group, Harvard University, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, New Mexico State University, New York University, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University of Washington, and Yale University. NR 89 TC 137 Z9 138 U1 1 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 2 AR 131 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/131 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 034ZL UT WOS:000310911300054 ER PT J AU Hoffman, J Gunther, HM Wright, NJ AF Hoffman, John Guenther, Hans M. Wright, Nicholas J. TI CONSTRAINTS ON THE UBIQUITY OF CORONAL X-RAY CYCLES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: activity; stars: coronae; X-rays: stars ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; ALPHA-CENTAURI; CHROMOSPHERIC VARIATIONS; SERENDIPITOUS SURVEY; STELLAR SURVEY; SPACED DATA; SOLAR-TYPE; EMISSION; ROSAT; EVOLUTION AB Stellar activity cycles are known to be a widespread phenomenon amongst moderately active solar- and late-type stars from long-term periodic variations in chromospheric Ca II H and K emission lines, yet to date, only a handful of coronal X-ray cycles are known. We have surveyed serendipitously observed stellar sources in fields observed multiple times in the last decade by XMM-Newton and present our analysis of nine stars from six fields. Since our sample is flux-limited, it is strongly biased toward higher levels of X-ray activity. We fit a single temperature APEC spectrum to each source and search for significant periodicities using a Lomb-Scargle periodogram. We use a Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm to yield robust analysis of the statistical significance of cycle detections and non-detections. None of the nine stellar light curves show any convincing indications of periodicity. From MC simulations, we simulate the detection capabilities of our methodology and, assuming a uniform distribution of cycle periods and strengths over the domain searched, we conclude with 95% confidence that less than 72% of the stars represented by our sample of active stars have 5-13 year coronal X-ray cycles. C1 [Hoffman, John] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Guenther, Hans M.; Wright, Nicholas J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hoffman, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM hoffma24@illinois.edu; guenther@head.cfa.harvard.edu; nwright@cfa.harvard.edu RI Hoffman, John/D-8012-2014; OI Hoffman, John/0000-0003-3770-5541; Gunther, Hans Moritz/0000-0003-4243-2840 FU National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU); Department of Defense Awards to Stimulate and Support Undergraduate Research Experiences (ASSURE) programs [0754568]; Smithsonian Institution; ESA Member States; NASA FX Based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and NASA.; J.H. thanks Marie Machacek and Jonathan McDowell for their invaluable guidance and assistance with this project throughout the summer of 2011. This work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) and Department of Defense Awards to Stimulate and Support Undergraduate Research Experiences (ASSURE) programs under grant No. 0754568 and by the Smithsonian Institution. We thank an anonymous referee for help in improving the paper. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 2 AR 145 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/145 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 034ZL UT WOS:000310911300068 ER PT J AU Kelly, PL Kirshner, RP AF Kelly, Patrick L. Kirshner, Robert P. TI CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE AND HOST GALAXY STELLAR POPULATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: star formation; gamma ray burst: general; stars: abundances; supernovae: general ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; II-P SUPERNOVAE; RED SUPERGIANT PROGENITOR; MASS-METALLICITY RELATION; SPACE-TELESCOPE IMAGES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; IA SUPERNOVAE; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; IB/C SUPERNOVAE AB We have used images and spectra of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to examine the host galaxies of 519 nearby supernovae (SN). The colors at the sites of the explosions, as well as chemical abundances, and specific star formation rates (SFRs) of the host galaxies provide circumstantial evidence on the origin of each SN type. We examine separately SN II, SN IIn, SN IIb, SN Ib, SN Ic, and SN Ic with broad lines (SN Ic-BL). For host galaxies that have multiple spectroscopic fibers, we select the fiber with host radial offset most similar to that of the SN. Type Ic SN explode at small host offsets, and their hosts have exceptionally strongly star-forming, metal-rich, and dusty stellar populations near their centers. The SN Ic-BL and SN IIb explode in exceptionally blue locations, and, in our sample, we find that the host spectra for SN Ic-BL show lower average oxygen abundances than those for SN Ic. SN IIb host fiber spectra are also more metal-poor than those for SN Ib, although a significant difference exists for only one of two strong-line diagnostics. SN Ic-BL host galaxy emission lines show strong central specific SFRs. In contrast, we find no strong evidence for different environments for SN IIn compared to the sites of SN II. Because our SN sample is constructed from a variety of sources, there is always a risk that sampling methods can produce misleading results. We have separated the SN discovered by targeted surveys from those discovered by galaxy-impartial searches to examine these questions and show that our results do not depend sensitively on the discovery technique. C1 [Kelly, Patrick L.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kelly, Patrick L.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kirshner, Robert P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kelly, PL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM pkelly3@stanford.edu FU NSF [AST0907903]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Participating Institutions; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England FX Thanks especially to Maryam Modjaz for her perceptive comments as well as revised spectroscopic classifications and to David Burke for help with both supporting observations and editorial feedback. We also thank Peter Challis, Howie Marion, Nadia Zakamska, Georgios Leloudas, Shizuka Akiyama, Steve Allen, Roger Romani, Sung-Chul Yoon, Michael Blanton, Nathan Smith, Anja von der Linden, Mark Allen, and Douglas Applegate for their advice and help. We acknowledge the MPA-JHU Collaboration for making their catalog publicly available and Google Sky for help in producing color galaxy images. R.P.K.'s supernova research at the Center for Astrophysics is supported by NSF grant AST0907903.; Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. NR 155 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 2 AR 107 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/107 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 034ZL UT WOS:000310911300030 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, A Pope, A Alexander, DM Charmandaris, V Daddi, E Dickinson, M Elbaz, D Gabor, J Hwang, HS Ivison, R Mullaney, J Pannella, M Scott, D Altieri, B Aussel, H Bournaud, F Buat, V Coia, D Dannerbauer, H Dasyra, K Kartaltepe, J Leiton, R Lin, L Magdis, G Magnelli, B Morrison, G Popesso, P Valtchanov, I AF Kirkpatrick, Allison Pope, Alexandra Alexander, David M. Charmandaris, Vassilis Daddi, Emmanuele Dickinson, Mark Elbaz, David Gabor, Jared Hwang, Ho Seong Ivison, Rob Mullaney, James Pannella, Maurilio Scott, Douglas Altieri, Bruno Aussel, Herve Bournaud, Frederic Buat, Veronique Coia, Daniela Dannerbauer, Helmut Dasyra, Kalliopi Kartaltepe, Jeyhan Leiton, Roger Lin, Lihwai Magdis, Georgios Magnelli, Benjamin Morrison, Glenn Popesso, Paola Valtchanov, Ivan TI GOODS-HERSCHEL: IMPACT OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI AND STAR FORMATION ACTIVITY ON INFRARED SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS AT HIGH REDSHIFT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; galaxies: active; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: star formation; infrared: galaxies ID DEEP FIELD-SOUTH; SIMILAR-TO 2; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MS SOURCE CATALOGS; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; FORMING GALAXIES; SILICATE ABSORPTION; COLD DUST; MIDINFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; STARBURST GALAXIES AB We explore the effects of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and star formation activity on the infrared (0.3-1000 mu m) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of luminous infrared galaxies from z = 0.5 to 4.0. We have compiled a large sample of 151 galaxies selected at 24 mu m (S-24 greater than or similar to 100 mu Jy) in the GOODS-N and ECDFS fields for which we have deep Spitzer IRS spectroscopy, allowing us to decompose the mid-IR spectrum into contributions from star formation and AGN activity. A significant portion (similar to 25%) of our sample is dominated by an AGN (> 50% of the mid-IR luminosity) in the mid-IR. Based on the mid-IR classification, we divide our full sample into four sub-samples: z similar to 1 star-forming (SF) sources, z similar to 2 SF sources, AGNs with clear 9.7 mu m silicate absorption, and AGNs with featureless mid-IR spectra. From our large spectroscopic sample and wealth of multi-wavelength data, including deep Herschel imaging at 100, 160, 250, 350, and 500 mu m, we use 95 galaxies with complete spectral coverage to create a composite SED for each sub-sample. We then fit a two-temperature component modified blackbody to the SEDs. We find that the IR SEDs have similar cold dust temperatures, regardless of the mid-IR power source, but display a marked difference in the warmer dust temperatures. We calculate the average effective temperature of the dust in each sub-sample and find a significant (similar to 20 K) difference between the SF and AGN systems. We compare our composite SEDs to local templates and find that local templates do not accurately reproduce the mid-IR features and dust temperatures of our high-redshift systems. High-redshift IR luminous galaxies contain significantly more cool dust than their local counterparts. We find that a full suite of photometry spanning the IR peak is necessary to accurately account for the dominant dust temperature components in high-redshift IR luminous galaxies. C1 [Kirkpatrick, Allison; Pope, Alexandra] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Alexander, David M.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Charmandaris, Vassilis] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, GR-71003 Iraklion, Greece. [Charmandaris, Vassilis] Univ Crete, Inst Theoret & Computat Phys, GR-71003 Iraklion, Greece. [Charmandaris, Vassilis] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, IESL, GR-71110 Iraklion, Greece. [Charmandaris, Vassilis] Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Daddi, Emmanuele; Elbaz, David; Gabor, Jared; Mullaney, James; Pannella, Maurilio; Aussel, Herve; Bournaud, Frederic; Dasyra, Kalliopi; Leiton, Roger] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Lab AIM, CEA,DSM,Irfu,SAp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Dickinson, Mark; Kartaltepe, Jeyhan] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Hwang, Ho Seong] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ivison, Rob] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Scott, Douglas] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Altieri, Bruno; Coia, Daniela; Valtchanov, Ivan] European Space Astron Ctr, Herschel Sci Ctr, E-28691 Madrid, Spain. [Buat, Veronique] Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS, UMR7326, LAM, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Dannerbauer, Helmut] Univ Vienna, Inst Astrophys, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Leiton, Roger] Univ Concepcion, Dept Astron, Concepcion, Chile. [Lin, Lihwai] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Magdis, Georgios] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Magnelli, Benjamin; Popesso, Paola] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Morrison, Glenn] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Manoa, HI 96822 USA. [Morrison, Glenn] Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, A (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. EM kirkpatr@astro.umass.edu RI Charmandaris, Vassilis/A-7196-2008; Bournaud, Frederic/K-1263-2013; Magdis, Georgios/C-7295-2014; Daddi, Emanuele/D-1649-2012; Ivison, R./G-4450-2011; OI Charmandaris, Vassilis/0000-0002-2688-1956; Magdis, Georgios/0000-0002-4872-2294; Daddi, Emanuele/0000-0002-3331-9590; Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313; Dasyra, Kalliopi/0000-0002-1482-2203; Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840; Leiton, Roger/0000-0002-0744-489X; Pannella, Maurilio/0000-0003-3738-3976; Alexander, David/0000-0002-5896-6313; Altieri, Bruno/0000-0003-3936-0284 FU NASA FX We are grateful to the referee for thoughtful comments that improved the clarity of this paper. We thank N. Drory for sharing the SED-fitting code used to estimate galaxy stellar masses. This work is based in part on observations made with the Herschel Space Observatory, a European Space Agency Cornerstone Mission with significant participation by NASA, and the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. This work is also based in part on observations obtained with WIRCam, a joint project of CFHT, Taiwan, Korea, Canada, and France, at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institute National des Sciences de l Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France, and the University of Hawaii. NR 98 TC 66 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 2 AR 139 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/139 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 034ZL UT WOS:000310911300062 ER PT J AU Park, HS Lee, MG Hwang, HS Kim, SC Arimoto, N Yamada, Y Tamura, N Onodera, M AF Park, Hong Soo Lee, Myung Gyoon Hwang, Ho Seong Kim, Sang Chul Arimoto, Nobuo Yamada, Yoshihiko Tamura, Naoyuki Onodera, Masato TI THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER SYSTEM OF NGC 4636 AND FORMATION OF GLOBULAR CLUSTERS IN GIANT ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: abundances; galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies: individual (NGC 4636, M87, M49, M60, NGC 5128, NGC 1399, NGC 1407); galaxies: star clusters: general ID STELLAR POPULATION-MODELS; COLOR-METALLICITY RELATIONS; WIDE-FIELD SURVEY; VIRGO CLUSTER; VLT SPECTROSCOPY; OBJECT CAMERA; LICK INDEXES; LARGE-SAMPLE; DARK-MATTER; CD GALAXIES AB We present a spectroscopic analysis of the metallicities, ages, and alpha-elements of the globular clusters (GCs) in the giant elliptical galaxy (gE) NGC 4636 in the Virgo Cluster. Line indices of the GCs are measured from the integrated spectra obtained with Faint Object Camera and Spectrograph on the Subaru 8.2 m Telescope. We derive [Fe/H] values of 59 GCs based on the Brodie & Huchra method, and [Z/H], age, and [alpha/Fe] values of 33 GCs from the comparison of the Lick line indices with single stellar population models. The metallicity distribution of NGC 4636 GCs shows a hint of a bimodality with two peaks at [Fe/H] = -1.23(sigma = 0.32) and -0.35(sigma = 0.19). The age spread is large from 2 Gyr to 15 Gyr and the fraction of young GCs with age < 5 Gyr is about 27%. The [alpha/Fe] of the GCs shows a broad distribution with a mean value [alpha/Fe] approximate to 0.14 dex. The dependence of these chemical properties on the galactocentric radius is weak. We also derive the metallicities, ages, and [alpha/Fe] values for the GCs in other nearby gEs (M87, M49, M60, NGC 5128, NGC 1399, and NGC 1407) from the line index data in the literature using the same methods as used for NGC 4636 GCs. The metallicity distribution of GCs in the combined sample of seven gEs including NGC 4636 is found to be bimodal, supported by the KMM test with a significance level of > 99.9%. All these gEs harbor some young GCs with ages less than 5 Gyr. The mean age of the metal-rich GCs ([Fe/H] > -0.9) is about 3 Gyr younger than that of the metal-poor GCs. The mean value of [alpha/Fe] of the gE GCs is smaller than that of the Milky Way GCs. We discuss these results in the context of GC formation in gEs. C1 [Park, Hong Soo; Lee, Myung Gyoon] Seoul Natl Univ, Astron Program, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151, South Korea. [Hwang, Ho Seong] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kim, Sang Chul] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [Arimoto, Nobuo; Yamada, Yoshihiko] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo, Japan. [Tamura, Naoyuki] Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. [Tamura, Naoyuki] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Onodera, Masato] ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Park, HS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Astron Program, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151, South Korea. EM hspark@astro.snu.ac.kr; mglee@astro.snu.ac.kr; hhwang@cfa.harvard.edu; sckim@kasi.re.kr; arimoto.n@nao.ac.jp; yoshihiko.yamada@nao.ac.jp; naoyuki.tamura@ipmu.jp; monodera@phys.ethz.ch FU Mid-career Researcher Program through an NRF; MEST [2010-0013875]; Smithsonian Institution FX The authors thank the referee for useful comments which significantly improved the original manuscript. The authors are grateful to the staff of the SUBARU Telescope for their kind help during the observation. This is supported in part by the Mid-career Researcher Program through an NRF grant funded by the MEST (No. 2010-0013875). H.S.H. acknowledges the support of the Smithsonian Institution. NR 78 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 2 AR 116 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/116 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 034ZL UT WOS:000310911300039 ER PT J AU Rosenfeld, KA Andrews, SM Wilner, DJ Stempels, HC AF Rosenfeld, Katherine A. Andrews, Sean M. Wilner, David J. Stempels, H. C. TI A DISK-BASED DYNAMICAL MASS ESTIMATE FOR THE YOUNG BINARY V4046 Sgr SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE protoplanetary disks; stars: individual (V4046 Sgr) ID SEQUENCE SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; PRELIMINARY PHYSICAL ORBIT; T-TAURI STARS; PROTOPLANETARY DISK; EVOLUTIONARY TRACKS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; ECLIPSING BINARY; ACCRETION DISKS; BROWN DWARFS; GM AURIGAE AB We present sensitive, arcsecond-resolution Submillimeter Array observations of the (CO)-C-12 J = 2-1 line emission from the circumstellar disk orbiting the double-lined spectroscopic binary star V4046 Sgr. Based on a simple model of the disk structure, we use a novel Monte Carlo Markov Chain technique to extract the Keplerian velocity field of the disk from these data and estimate the total mass of the central binary. Assuming the distance inferred from kinematic parallax measurements in the literature (d approximate to 73 pc), we determine a total stellar mass M-* = 1.75(-0.06)(+0.06)M(circle dot) and a disk inclination i(d) = 33.degrees 5(+0.7)(-1.4) from face-on. These measurements are in excellent agreement with independent dynamical constraints made from multi- epoch monitoring of the stellar radial velocities, confirming the absolute accuracy of this precise (similar to few percent uncertainties) disk- based method for estimating stellar masses and reaffirming previous assertions that the disk and binary orbital planes are well aligned (with vertical bar i(d) - i(*)vertical bar approximate to 0.degrees 1 +/- 1 degrees). Using these results as a reference, we demonstrate that various pre-main-sequence evolution models make consistent and accurate predictions for the masses of the individual components of the binary, and uniformly imply an advanced age of similar to 5-30 Myr. Taken together, these results verify that V4046 Sgr is one of the precious few nearby and relatively evolved pre-main-sequence systems that still hosts a gas- rich accretion disk. C1 [Rosenfeld, Katherine A.; Andrews, Sean M.; Wilner, David J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stempels, H. C.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Rosenfeld, KA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica FX We are very grateful to Joel Kastner, Guillermo Torres, and Zachory Berta for some insightful discussions and suggestions, as well as to Germano Quast for being kind enough to provide additional information on their optical observations of the V4046 Sgr binary. The SMA is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. NR 83 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 2 AR 119 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/119 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 034ZL UT WOS:000310911300042 ER PT J AU Savcheva, AS Green, LM van Ballegooijen, AA DeLuca, EE AF Savcheva, A. S. Green, L. M. van Ballegooijen, A. A. DeLuca, E. E. TI PHOTOSPHERIC FLUX CANCELLATION AND THE BUILD-UP OF SIGMOIDAL FLUX ROPES ON THE SUN SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: flares; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC-FLUX; HEMISPHERIC PATTERN; KINK INSTABILITY; ACTIVE-REGION; SOLAR-FLARES; EMERGENCE; FIELDS; EVOLUTION; FILAMENT AB In this study we explore the scenario of photospheric flux cancellation being the primary formation mechanism of sigmoidal flux ropes in decaying active regions. We analyze magnetogram and X-ray observations together with data-driven non-linear force-free field (NLFFF) models of observed sigmoidal regions to test this idea. We measure the total and canceled fluxes in the regions from MDI magnetograms, as well as the axial and poloidal flux content of the modeled NLFFF flux ropes for three sigmoids-2007 February, 2007 December, and 2010 February. We infer that the sum of the poloidal and axial flux in the flux ropes for most models amounts to about 60%-70% of the canceled flux and 30%-50% of the total flux in the regions. The flux measurements and the analysis of the magnetic field structure show that the sigmoids first develop a strong axial field manifested as a sheared arcade and then, as flux cancellation proceeds, form long S-shaped field lines that contribute to the poloidal flux. In addition, the dips in the S-shaped field lines are located at the sites of flux cancellation that have been identified from the MDI magnetograms. We find that the line-of-sight-integrated free energy is also concentrated at these locations for all three regions, which can be liberated in the process of eruption. Flare-associated brightenings and flare loops coincide with the location of the X-line topology that develops at the site of most vigorous flux cancellation. C1 [Savcheva, A. S.; van Ballegooijen, A. A.; DeLuca, E. E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Savcheva, A. S.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Green, L. M.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Savcheva, AS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM asavcheva@cfa.harvard.edu RI DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013; OI DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895; van Ballegooijen, Adriaan/0000-0002-5622-3540 FU Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship; ESA; NSC (Norway); NASA [NNM07AB07C] FX L.M.G. was supported by a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed, launched, and operated by ISAS/JAXA in partnership with NAOJ, NASA, and STFC (UK). Additional operational support is provided by ESA, NSC (Norway). This work was supported by NASA contract NNM07AB07C to SAO. NR 53 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 2 AR 105 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/105 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 034ZL UT WOS:000310911300028 ER PT J AU Seward, FD Charles, PA Foster, DL Dickel, JR Romero, PS Edwards, ZI Perry, M Williams, RM AF Seward, F. D. Charles, P. A. Foster, D. L. Dickel, J. R. Romero, P. S. Edwards, Z. I. Perry, M. Williams, R. M. TI DEM L241, A SUPERNOVA REMNANT CONTAINING A HIGH-MASS X-RAY BINARY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: supernova remnants; Magellanic Clouds; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: individual (DEM L241) ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; PULSAR WIND NEBULA; RADIO-CONTINUUM; CHANDRA; STARS; PARAMETERS; SS-433; ROSAT; VI AB A Chandra observation of the Large Magellanic Cloud supernova remnant DEML 241 reveals an interior unresolved source which is probably an accretion-powered binary. The optical counterpart is an O5III(f) star making this a high-mass X-ray binary with an orbital period likely to be of the order of tens of days. Emission from the remnant interior is thermal and spectral information is used to derive density and mass of the hot material. Elongation of the remnant is unusual and possible causes of this are discussed. The precursor star probably had mass >25 M-circle dot C1 [Seward, F. D.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Charles, P. A.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Charles, P. A.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Astron, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Foster, D. L.] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. [Foster, D. L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Dickel, J. R.; Romero, P. S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Edwards, Z. I.; Perry, M.; Williams, R. M.] Columbus State Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Coca Cola Space Sci Ctr, Columbus, GA 31901 USA. RP Seward, FD (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Chandra Award [GO1-12094]; National Aeronautics Space Administration [NAS8-03060]; NASA through the Harriett G. Jenkins Pre-doctoral Fellowship Program; Vanderbilt University of Cape Town Partnership FX Support for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Chandra Award Number GO1-12094 issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. D.L.F. acknowledges support from NASA through the Harriett G. Jenkins Pre-doctoral Fellowship Program, and from the Vanderbilt University of Cape Town Partnership. We thank Paul Green for an interesting discussion and information about background quasars. Sean Points supplied calibrated and aligned MCELS images. B. Furnish, J. Hood, C. McCarty, and T. Williams at Columbus State University helped with the X-ray spectral analysis. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 2 AR 123 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/123 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 034ZL UT WOS:000310911300046 ER PT J AU Tian, H McIntosh, SW Wang, TJ Ofman, L De Pontieu, B Innes, DE Peter, H AF Tian, Hui McIntosh, Scott W. Wang, Tongjiang Ofman, Leon De Pontieu, Bart Innes, Davina E. Peter, Hardi TI PERSISTENT DOPPLER SHIFT OSCILLATIONS OBSERVED WITH HINODE/EIS IN THE SOLAR CORONA: SPECTROSCOPIC SIGNATURES OF ALFVENIC WAVES AND RECURRING UPFLOWS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line: profiles; solar wind; Sun: corona; Sun: oscillations; waves ID SLOW MAGNETOACOUSTIC WAVES; ACTIVE-REGION LOOPS; EUV IMAGING SPECTROMETER; TRANSITION-REGION; TRANSVERSE OSCILLATIONS; PROPAGATING WAVES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; KINK WAVES; INTENSITY OSCILLATIONS; EMISSION-LINES AB Using data obtained by the EUV Imaging Spectrometer on board Hinode, we have performed a survey of obvious and persistent (without significant damping) Doppler shift oscillations in the corona. We have found mainly two types of oscillations from February to April in 2007. One type is found at loop footpoint regions, with a dominant period around 10 minutes. They are characterized by coherent behavior of all line parameters (line intensity, Doppler shift, line width, and profile asymmetry), and apparent blueshift and blueward asymmetry throughout almost the entire duration. Such oscillations are likely to be signatures of quasi-periodic upflows (small-scale jets, or coronal counterpart of type-II spicules), which may play an important role in the supply of mass and energy to the hot corona. The other type of oscillation is usually associated with the upper part of loops. They are most clearly seen in the Doppler shift of coronal lines with formation temperatures between one and two million degrees. The global wavelets of these oscillations usually peak sharply around a period in the range of three to six minutes. No obvious profile asymmetry is found and the variation of the line width is typically very small. The intensity variation is often less than 2%. These oscillations are more likely to be signatures of kink/Alfven waves rather than flows. In a few cases, there seems to be a pi/2 phase shift between the intensity and Doppler shift oscillations, which may suggest the presence of slow-mode standing waves according to wave theories. However, we demonstrate that such a phase shift could also be produced by loops moving into and out of a spatial pixel as a result of Alfvenic oscillations. In this scenario, the intensity oscillations associated with Alfvenic waves are caused by loop displacement rather than density change. These coronal waves may be used to investigate properties of the coronal plasma and magnetic field. C1 [Tian, Hui; McIntosh, Scott W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Wang, Tongjiang; Ofman, Leon] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Wang, Tongjiang; Ofman, Leon] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [De Pontieu, Bart] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Org ADBS, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Innes, Davina E.; Peter, Hardi] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Tian, H (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM htian@ucar.edu FU NASA [NNX08AL22G, NNX08BA99G, NNX10AN10G, NNX12AB34G]; NSF [ATM-0541567, ATM-0925177]; ASP Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation FX EIS is an instrument on board Hinode, a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in cooperation with ESA and NSC (Norway). S. W. McIntosh is supported by NASA (NNX08AL22G and NNX08BA99G) and NSF (ATM-0541567, ATM-0925177). T. Wang and L. Ofman acknowledge supports by NASA grants NNX10AN10G and NNX12AB34G. H. Tian is supported by the ASP Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. H. Tian thanks I. De Moortel, G. R. Gupta, and L. Teriaca for helpful discussions. NR 188 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 12 U2 29 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 2 AR 144 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/144 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 034ZL UT WOS:000310911300067 ER PT J AU Caselli, P Keto, E Bergin, EA Tafalla, M Aikawa, Y Douglas, T Pagani, L Yildiz, UA van der Tak, FFS Walmsley, CM Codella, C Nisini, B Kristensen, LE van Dishoeck, EF AF Caselli, Paola Keto, Eric Bergin, Edwin A. Tafalla, Mario Aikawa, Yuri Douglas, Thomas Pagani, Laurent Yildiz, Umut A. van der Tak, Floris F. S. Walmsley, C. Malcolm Codella, Claudio Nisini, Brunella Kristensen, Lars E. van Dishoeck, Ewine F. TI FIRST DETECTION OF WATER VAPOR IN A PRE-STELLAR CORE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; ISM: clouds; ISM: molecules; line: profiles; stars: formation ID STAR-FORMING REGIONS; DENSE INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; ROTATIONAL-EXCITATION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; GAS TEMPERATURE; PRESTELLAR CORE; EMISSION; DEPLETION; ACCRETION; MOLECULES AB Water is a crucial molecule in molecular astrophysics as it controls much of the gas/grain chemistry, including the formation and evolution of more complex organic molecules in ices. Pre-stellar cores provide the original reservoir of material from which future planetary systems are built, but few observational constraints exist on the formation of water and its partitioning between gas and ice in the densest cores. Thanks to the high sensitivity of the Herschel Space Observatory, we report on the first detection of water vapor at high spectral resolution toward a dense cloud on the verge of star formation, the pre-stellar core L1544. The line shows an inverse P-Cygni profile, characteristic of gravitational contraction. To reproduce the observations, water vapor has to be present in the cold and dense central few thousand AU of L1544, where species heavier than helium are expected to freeze out onto dust grains, and the ortho: para H-2 ratio has to be around 1:1 or larger. The observed amount of water vapor within the core (about 1.5 x 10(-6) M-circle dot) can be maintained by far-UV photons locally produced by the impact of galactic cosmic rays with H-2 molecules. Such FUV photons irradiate the icy mantles, liberating water vapor in the core center. Our Herschel data, combined with radiative transfer and chemical/dynamical models, shed light on the interplay between gas and solids in dense interstellar clouds and provide the first measurement of the water vapor abundance profile across the parent cloud of a future solar-type star and its potential planetary system. C1 [Caselli, Paola; Douglas, Thomas] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Caselli, Paola; Walmsley, C. Malcolm; Codella, Claudio] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Keto, Eric] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bergin, Edwin A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Tafalla, Mario] Observ Astron Nacl IGN, E-28014 Madrid, Spain. [Aikawa, Yuri] Kobe Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. [Pagani, Laurent] Observ Paris, CNRS, UMR 8112, F-75014 Paris, France. [Pagani, Laurent] Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. [Yildiz, Umut A.; Kristensen, Lars E.; van Dishoeck, Ewine F.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [van der Tak, Floris F. S.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [van der Tak, Floris F. S.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands. [Walmsley, C. Malcolm] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Nisini, Brunella] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [van Dishoeck, Ewine F.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Caselli, P (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM p.caselli@leeds.ac.uk RI Yildiz, Umut/C-5257-2011; Kristensen, Lars/F-4774-2011; OI , Brunella Nisini/0000-0002-9190-0113; Yildiz, Umut/0000-0001-6197-2864; Kristensen, Lars/0000-0003-1159-3721; Codella, Claudio/0000-0003-1514-3074 NR 44 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 24 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 10 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 2 AR L37 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/759/2/L37 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030PC UT WOS:000310581600011 ER PT J AU Dragomir, D Matthews, JM Howard, AW Antoci, V Henry, GW Guenther, DB Johnson, JA Kuschnig, R Marcy, GW Moffat, AFJ Rowe, JF Rucinski, SM Sasselov, D Weiss, WW AF Dragomir, Diana Matthews, Jaymie M. Howard, Andrew W. Antoci, Victoria Henry, Gregory W. Guenther, David B. Johnson, John A. Kuschnig, Rainer Marcy, Geoffrey W. Moffat, Anthony F. J. Rowe, Jason F. Rucinski, Slavek M. Sasselov, Dimitar Weiss, Werner W. TI NON-DETECTION OF PREVIOUSLY REPORTED TRANSITS OF HD 97658b WITH MOST PHOTOMETRY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars: individual (HD 97658); techniques: photometric ID EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; SPACED DATA; ORBITS AB The radial velocity-discovered exoplanet HD 97658b was recently announced to transit, with a derived planetary radius of 2.93 +/- 0.28 R-circle plus. As a transiting super-Earth orbiting a bright star, this planet would make an attractive candidate for additional observations, including studies of its atmospheric properties. We present and analyze follow-up photometric observations of the HD 97658 system acquired with the Microvariability and Oscillations of STars space telescope. Our results show no transit with the depth and ephemeris reported in the announcement paper. For the same ephemeris, we rule out transits for a planet with radius larger than 2.09 R-circle plus, corresponding to the reported 3 sigma lower limit. We also report new radial velocity measurements which continue to support the existence of an exoplanet with a period of 9.5 days, and obtain improved orbital parameters. C1 [Dragomir, Diana; Matthews, Jaymie M.; Antoci, Victoria] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Howard, Andrew W.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Howard, Andrew W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Antoci, Victoria] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Stellar Astrophys Ctr SAC, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Antoci, Victoria; Kuschnig, Rainer; Weiss, Werner W.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Henry, Gregory W.] Tennessee State Univ, Ctr Excellence Informat Syst, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Guenther, David B.] St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Johnson, John A.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Johnson, John A.] NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst NExScI, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Moffat, Anthony F. J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Rowe, Jason F.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rucinski, Slavek M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Sasselov, Dimitar] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dragomir, D (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM diana@phas.ubc.ca RI Howard, Andrew/D-4148-2015; OI Howard, Andrew/0000-0001-8638-0320; Dragomir, Diana/0000-0003-2313-467X; Antoci, Victoria/0000-0002-0865-3650 FU University of British Columbia Four Year Fellowship; Danish National Research Foundation; ASTERISK project; European Research Council [267864]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; FQRNT (Quebec); Austrian Science Fund [P22691-N16]; Austrian Research Promotion Agency-ALR FX D.D. is supported by a University of British Columbia Four Year Fellowship. Funding for the Stellar Astrophysics Centre (SAC) is provided by The Danish National Research Foundation and research is supported by the ASTERISK project (ASTERoseismic Investigations with SONG and Kepler) funded by the European Research Council (grant agreement No. 267864). The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada supports the research of D. B. G., J.M.M., A.F.J.M., and S. M. R. Additional support for A.F.J.M. comes from FQRNT (Quebec). R. K. and W. W. W. were supported by the Austrian Science Fund (P22691-N16) and by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency-ALR. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 10 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 2 AR L41 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/759/2/L41 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030PC UT WOS:000310581600015 ER PT J AU Penarrubia, J Pontzen, A Walker, MG Koposov, SE AF Penarrubia, Jorge Pontzen, Andrew Walker, Matthew G. Koposov, Sergey E. TI THE COUPLING BETWEEN THE CORE/CUSP AND MISSING SATELLITE PROBLEMS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dark matter; galaxies: dwarf; galaxies: formation; galaxies: halos; Local Group ID DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES; DARK-MATTER CUSPS; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION HISTORY; STAR-FORMATION; GALACTIC HALOS; CORES; MASS; FEEDBACK; MILKY; SUBSTRUCTURE AB We calculate the energy that baryons must inject into cold dark matter (CDM) halos in order to remove centrally divergent DM cusps on scales relevant to observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs). We estimate that the CDM halos often associated with the Milky Way's dSphs (M-vir/M-circle dot similar to 10(9-10)) require Delta E similar to 10(53-55) erg in order to form cores on scales comparable to the luminous size of these galaxies. While supernova Type II (SNeII) explosions can in principle generate this energy, the actual contribution is limited by the low star formation efficiency implied by the abundance of luminous satellites. Considering that CDM's well-known "core/cusp" and "missing satellite" problems place opposing demands on star formation efficiencies, existing observational evidences for large cores in the most luminous dSphs require that CDM models invoke some combination of the following: (1) efficient (of the order of unity) coupling of SNeII energy into dark matter particles, (2) star formation histories peaking at unexpectedly high redshifts (z greater than or similar to 6), (3) a top-heavy stellar initial mass function, and/or (4) substantial satellite disruption or other stochastic effects to ease the substructure abundance constraints. Our models show that the tension between CDM problems on small scales would increase if cored DM profiles were to be found in fainter dwarfs. C1 [Penarrubia, Jorge] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [Penarrubia, Jorge; Koposov, Sergey E.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Pontzen, Andrew] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Walker, Matthew G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Koposov, Sergey E.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Moscow 119992, Russia. RP Penarrubia, J (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18008 Granada, Spain. EM jorpega@iaa.es RI Koposov, Sergey/F-2754-2012; Walker, Matthew/P-1777-2014 OI Koposov, Sergey/0000-0003-2644-135X; Walker, Matthew/0000-0003-2496-1925 FU Ramon y Cajal Program; Oxford Martin School; NASA [HST-HF-51283.01-A]; [AYA2010-17631] FX J.P. acknowledges support from the Ramon y Cajal Program as well as by the Spanish grant AYA2010-17631. A. P. is supported by the Oxford Martin School. M. G. W. is supported by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF-51283.01-A. NR 39 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 10 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 2 AR L42 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/759/2/L42 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030PC UT WOS:000310581600016 ER PT J AU Van Bael, SA Estrada, C Rehner, SA Santos, JF Wcislo, WT AF Van Bael, Sunshine A. Estrada, Catalina Rehner, Stephen A. Fabiola Santos, Janette Wcislo, William T. TI Leaf endophyte load influences fungal garden development in leaf-cutting ants SO BMC ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atta colombica; Attini; Leaf-cutting ants; Lepiotaceae; Mutualism; Symbioses ID DISEASE RESISTANCE; ATTA; PLANTS; HERBIVORY; INFECTION; PATHOGENS; GROWTH; NESTS AB Background: Previous work has shown that leaf-cutting ants prefer to cut leaf material with relatively low fungal endophyte content. This preference suggests that fungal endophytes exact a cost on the ants or on the development of their colonies. We hypothesized that endophytes may play a role in their host plants' defense against leaf-cutting ants. To measure the long-term cost to the ant colony of fungal endophytes in their forage material, we conducted a 20-week laboratory experiment to measure fungal garden development for colonies that foraged on leaves with low or high endophyte content. Results: Colony mass and the fungal garden dry mass did not differ significantly between the low and high endophyte feeding treatments. There was, however, a marginally significant trend toward greater mass of fungal garden per ant worker in the low relative to the high endophyte treatment. This trend was driven by differences in the fungal garden mass per worker from the earliest samples, when leaf-cutting ants had been foraging on low or high endophyte leaf material for only 2 weeks. At two weeks of foraging, the mean fungal garden mass per worker was 77% greater for colonies foraging on leaves with low relative to high endophyte loads. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the cost of endophyte presence in ant forage material may be greatest to fungal colony development in its earliest stages, when there are few workers available to forage and to clean leaf material. This coincides with a period of high mortality for incipient colonies in the field. We discuss how the endophyte-leaf-cutter ant interaction may parallel constitutive defenses in plants, whereby endophytes reduce the rate of colony development when its risk of mortality is greatest. C1 [Van Bael, Sunshine A.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Van Bael, Sunshine A.; Estrada, Catalina; Fabiola Santos, Janette; Wcislo, William T.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 084303092, Panama. [Rehner, Stephen A.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Van Bael, SA (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 6823 St Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM svanbael@tulane.edu FU NSF [DEB- 0949602]; SENACYT [FID10-091]; Smithsonian Institute; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute FX We thank H. Fernandez-Marin, M. Seid, and H. Herz for helpful advice and L. Mejia & two anonymous reviewers for comments on the MS. For help in the field and laboratory, we thank R. Welter, C. Gill, T. Hammer, M. Zavodnik, P. Galgani, M. Sosa, T. Tascnn, A. Concepcion, M. Franco, and I. Ochoa. For logistical support we thank R. Urriola and A. Ruiz. This work was funded by NSF DEB- 0949602 to SAV, WW, and SR; SENACYT FID10-091 to SAV and WW; the Smithsonian Institute and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Permission was granted to do this by Panama's Authority on the Environment (ANAM). NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 60 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6785 J9 BMC ECOL JI BMC Ecol. PD NOV 9 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 23 DI 10.1186/1472-6785-12-23 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063RW UT WOS:000313018600001 PM 23140096 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZH Feduccia, A James, HF AF Zhang, Zihui Feduccia, Alan James, Helen F. TI A Late Miocene Accipitrid (Aves: Accipitriformes) from Nebraska and Its Implications for the Divergence of Old World Vultures SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME-B GENE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENY; HISTORY; BIRD; DNA AB Background: Old World vultures are likely polyphyletic, representing two subfamilies, the Aegypiinae and Gypaetinae, and some genera of the latter may be of independent origin. Evidence concerning the origin, as well as the timing of the divergence of each subfamily and even genera of the Gypaetinae has been elusive. Methodology/Principal Findings: Compared with the Old World, the New World has an unexpectedly diverse and rich fossil component of Old World vultures. Here we describe a new accipitriform bird, Anchigyps voorhiesi gen. et sp. nov., from the Ash Hollow Formation (Upper Clarendonian, Late Miocene) of Nebraska. It represents a form close in morphology to the Old World vultures. Characteristics of its wing bones suggest it was less specialized for soaring than modern vultures. It was likely an opportunistic predator or scavenger having a grasping foot and a mandible morphologically similar to modern carrion-feeding birds. Conclusions/Significance: The new fossil reported here is intermediate in morphology between the bulk of accipitrids and the Old World gypaetine vultures, representing a basal lineage of Accipitridae trending towards the vulturine habit, and of its Late Miocene age suggests the divergence of true gypaetine vultures, may have occurred during or slightly before the Miocene. Citation: Zhang Z, Feduccia A, James HF (2012) A Late Miocene Accipitrid (Aves: Accipitriformes) from Nebraska and Its Implications for the Divergence of Old World Vultures. PLoS ONE 7(11): e48842. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048842 C1 [Feduccia, Alan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Zhang, Zihui] Capital Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [James, Helen F.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 116, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Feduccia, A (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM feduccia@bio.unc.edu FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30870263, 31071877] FX This work was supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30870263, 31071877). No additional external funding was received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 9 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e48842 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0048842 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 053LI UT WOS:000312272600023 PM 23152811 ER PT J AU Mikoczi, B Kocsis, B Forgacs, P Vasuth, M AF Mikoczi, Balazs Kocsis, Bence Forgacs, Peter Vasuth, Matyas TI Parameter estimation for inspiraling eccentric compact binaries including pericenter precession SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BLACK-HOLE BINARIES; GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE OBSERVATIONS; STANDARD SIRENS; ORBITAL ECCENTRICITY; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; POINT MASSES; RADIATION; LISA; EVOLUTION; STARS AB Inspiraling supermassive black hole binary systems with high orbital eccentricity are important sources for space-based gravitational wave observatories like the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. Eccentricity adds orbital harmonics to the Fourier transform of the gravitational wave signal, and relativistic pericenter precession leads to a three-way splitting of each harmonic peak. We study the parameter estimation accuracy for such waveforms with different initial eccentricity, using the Fisher matrix method and a Monte Carlo sampling of the initial binary orientation. The eccentricity improves the parameter estimation by breaking degeneracies between different parameters. In particular, we find that the source localization precision improves significantly for higher-mass binaries due to eccentricity. The typical sky position errors are similar to 1 deg for a nonspinning, 10(7)M(circle dot), equal-mass binary at redshift z = 1, if the initial eccentricity 1 yr before merger is e(0) similar to 0.6. Pericenter precession does not affect the source localization accuracy significantly, but it does further improve the mass and eccentricity estimation accuracy systematically by a factor of 3-10 for masses between 10(6)M(circle dot) and 10(7)M(circle dot) for e(0) similar to 0.3. C1 [Mikoczi, Balazs; Forgacs, Peter; Vasuth, Matyas] Wigner RCP, Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. [Kocsis, Bence] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Forgacs, Peter] Univ Tours, CNRS, UMR 6083, LMPT, F-37200 Tours, France. RP Mikoczi, B (reprint author), Wigner RCP, Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, POB 49, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. RI Kocsis, Bence/C-3061-2013 OI Kocsis, Bence/0000-0002-4865-7517 FU Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) [NI68228, K101709]; NASA through Chandra x-ray Observatory Center [PF9-00063]; National Aeronautics Space Administration [NAS8-03060] FX We thank Laszlo Gondan for carefully reading the manuscript and for useful discussions. This work was supported by Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) Grants No. NI68228 and No. K101709. B. K. acknowledges support from NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship Grant No. PF9-00063 issued by the Chandra x-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under Contract No. NAS8-03060. NR 66 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 9 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 10 AR 104027 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.86.104027 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 034JN UT WOS:000310869000001 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ Carpintero, DL AF Henry, Thomas J. Carpintero, Diego L. TI Review of the jumping tree bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Isometopinae) of Argentina and nearby areas of Brazil and Paraguay, with descriptions of nine new species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE Aristotelesia; Myiomma; new taxa; diagnoses; keys to species; distribution; South America ID RECORDS AB Nine new species of jumping tree bugs, or Isometopinae, from Argentina, Paraguay, and southern Brazil are described. The genus Aristotelesia is revised and the two new species A. fuscata (from Brazil) and A. medialis(from Argentina) are described, and the Argentine and Paraguayan species of Myiomma are reviewed and the seven new species M. apicalis (from Paraguay), M. argentinensis (from Argentina and Paraguay), M. binotata (from Argentina), M. pallidopleura (from Argentina), M. pallipes (from Argentina), M. scutellata (from Paraguay), and M. uniformis (from Argentina) are described. Previously published records of isometopines from Argentina are clarified. Color photographs, illustrations of the parameres of M. argentinensis, and keys are provided to help distinguish species. C1 [Henry, Thomas J.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Carpintero, Diego L.] Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat Bernardino Rivadavia, Div Entomol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov; dcarpint@macn.gov.ar FU Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, CONICET FX We thank Michele A. Touchet (Systematic Entomology Laboratory [SEL], Agricultural Research Service, USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC) for the color images and Aline Barcellos P. dos Santos (SMCN) for lending specimens representing new species of Aristotelesia. M.G. Pogue (SEL), S. Scheffer (SEL), and A.G. Wheeler, Jr. (Clemson University, Clemson, SC) kindly reviewed the manuscript and offered suggestions for its improvement. The second author's participation in this work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, CONICET. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD NOV 9 PY 2012 IS 3545 BP 41 EP 58 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 041IR UT WOS:000311395400002 ER PT J AU Pepe, A Kurtz, MJ AF Pepe, Alberto Kurtz, Michael J. TI A Measure of Total Research Impact Independent of Time and Discipline SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SCIENTIFIC IMPACT; CITATION ANALYSIS; INDEX; SCIENCE; NATIONS; NORMALIZATION; JOURNALS AB Authorship and citation practices evolve with time and differ by academic discipline. As such, indicators of research productivity based on citation records are naturally subject to historical and disciplinary effects. We observe these effects on a corpus of astronomer career data constructed from a database of refereed publications. We employ a simple mechanism to measure research output using author and reference counts available in bibliographic databases to develop a citation-based indicator of research productivity. The total research impact (tori) quantifies, for an individual, the total amount of scholarly work that others have devoted to his/her work, measured in the volume of research papers. A derived measure, the research impact quotient (riq), is an age-independent measure of an individual's research ability. We demonstrate that these measures are substantially less vulnerable to temporal debasement and cross-disciplinary bias than the most popular current measures. The proposed measures of research impact, tori and riq, have been implemented in the Smithsonian/NASA Astrophysics Data System. C1 [Pepe, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kurtz, Michael J.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Pepe, A (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM apepe@cfa.harvard.edu OI Kurtz, Michael/0000-0002-6949-0090 FU NASA [NNX09AB39G] FX MJK acknowledges support from NASA NNX09AB39G. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 23 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 7 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e46428 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0046428 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 048TK UT WOS:000311935800004 PM 23144782 ER PT J AU Gorham, PW Connolly, A Allison, P Beatty, JJ Belov, K Besson, DZ Binns, WR Chen, P Clem, JM Hoover, S Israel, MH Nam, J Saltzberg, D Varner, GS Vieregg, AG AF Gorham, P. W. Connolly, A. Allison, P. Beatty, J. J. Belov, K. Besson, D. Z. Binns, W. R. Chen, P. Clem, J. M. Hoover, S. Israel, M. H. Nam, J. Saltzberg, D. Varner, G. S. Vieregg, A. G. TI Implications of ultrahigh energy neutrino flux constraints for Lorentz-invariance violating cosmogenic neutrinos SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID COSMIC-RAY; CPT VIOLATION; SPECTRUM; TESTS AB We consider the implications of Lorentz-invariance violation (LIV) on cosmogenic neutrino observations, with particular focus on the constraints imposed on several well-developed models for ultrahigh energy cosmogenic neutrino production by recent results from the ANITA long-duration balloon payload, and RICE at the South Pole. Under a scenario proposed originally by Coleman and Glashow, each lepton family may attain maximum velocities that can exceed c, leading to energy-loss through several interaction channels during propagation. We show that future observations of cosmogenic neutrinos will provide by far the most stringent limit on LIV in the neutrino sector. We derive the implied level of LIV required to suppress observation of predicted fluxes from several mainstream cosmogenic neutrino models, and specifically those recently constrained by the ANITA and RICE experiments. We simulate via detailed Monte Carlo code the propagation of cosmogenic neutrino fluxes in the presence of LIV-induced energy losses. We show that this process produces several detectable effects in the resulting attenuated neutrino spectra, even at LIV-induced neutrino superluminality of (u(nu) - c)/c similar or equal to 10(-26), about 13 orders of magnitude below current bounds. C1 [Gorham, P. W.; Varner, G. S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Connolly, A.; Allison, P.; Beatty, J. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Connolly, A.; Allison, P.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Belov, K.; Saltzberg, D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Besson, D. Z.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Binns, W. R.; Israel, M. H.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Chen, P.; Nam, J.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Astrophys, Dept Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Chen, P.; Nam, J.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Leung Ctr Cosmol & Particle Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Chen, P.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Clem, J. M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Hoover, S.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hoover, S.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Comol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Vieregg, A. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gorham, PW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Belov, Konstantin/D-2520-2013; Connolly, Amy/J-3958-2013; Beatty, James/D-9310-2011 OI Beatty, James/0000-0003-0481-4952 NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 7 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 10 AR 103006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.86.103006 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 034BT UT WOS:000310845800004 ER PT J AU van Donkelaar, A Martin, RV Pasch, AN Szykman, JJ Zhang, L Wang, YXX Chen, D AF van Donkelaar, Aaron Martin, Randall V. Pasch, Adam N. Szykman, James J. Zhang, Lin Wang, Yuxuan X. Chen, Dan TI Improving the Accuracy of Daily Satellite-Derived Ground-Level Fine Aerosol Concentration Estimates for North America SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; AIR-POLLUTION; OPTICAL DEPTH; TRANSPACIFIC TRANSPORT; PARTICULATE MATTER; INTEX-B; MORTALITY; QUALITY; CITIES; PM2.5 AB We improve the accuracy of daily ground-level fine particulate matter concentrations (PM2.5) derived from satellite observations (MODIS and MISR) of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) calculations of the relationship between AOD and PM2.5. This improvement is achieved by (1) applying climatological ground-based regional bias-correction factors based upon comparison with In situ PM2.5, and (2) applying spatial smoothing to reduce random uncertainty and extend coverage. Initial daily 1-sigma mean uncertainties are reduced across the United States and southern Canada from +/- (1 mu g/m(3) + 67%) to +/- (1 mu g/m(3) + 54%) by applying the climatological ground-based regional scaling factors. Spatial interpolation increases the coverage of satellite-derived PM2.5 estimates without increased uncertainty when in close proximity to direct AOD retrievals. Spatial smoothing further reduces the daily 1-sigma uncertainty to +/-(1 mu g/m(3) + 42%) by limiting the random component of uncertainty. We additionally find similar performance for climatological relationships of AOD to PM2.5 as compared to day-specific relationships. C1 [van Donkelaar, Aaron; Martin, Randall V.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Chen, Dan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Wang, Yuxuan X.] Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Inst Global Change Studies, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Lin] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Szykman, James J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Hampton, VA USA. [Pasch, Adam N.] Sonoma Technol Inc, Petaluma, CA USA. [Martin, Randall V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP van Donkelaar, A (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. EM Aaron.van.Donkelaar@dal.ca RI Zhang, Lin/A-6729-2008; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Wang, Yuxuan/C-6902-2014; Zhang, Lin/H-9801-2014; Chen, Dan/R-4486-2016 OI Zhang, Lin/0000-0003-2383-8431; Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Wang, Yuxuan/0000-0002-1649-6974; FU NASA; Government of Canada through the Federal Department of the Environment FX This work was supported by NASA and by the Government of Canada through the Federal Department of the Environment. We thank Bob Vet and Amy Hou for providing the bias-corrected TEOM data. We thank David Holland and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 6 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 21 BP 11971 EP 11978 DI 10.1021/es3025319 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 031TK UT WOS:000310665000059 PM 23013040 ER PT J AU Blackledge, TA Kuntner, M Marhabaie, M Leeper, TC Agnarsson, I AF Blackledge, Todd A. Kuntner, Matjaz Marhabaie, Mohammad Leeper, Thomas C. Agnarsson, Ingi TI Biomaterial evolution parallels behavioral innovation in the origin of orb-like spider webs SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID DRAGLINE SILK; BUILDING SPIDERS; WEAVING SPIDERS; PROTEIN; ARANEAE; ELASTICITY; PSECHRIDAE; FIBROIN; HYPOTHESES; PHYLOGENY AB Correlated evolution of traits can act synergistically to facilitate organism function. But, what happens when constraints exist on the evolvability of some traits, but not others? The orb web was a key innovation in the origin of > 12,000 species of spiders. Orb evolution hinged upon the origin of novel spinning behaviors and innovations in silk material properties. In particular, a new major ampullate spidroin protein (MaSp2) increased silk extensibility and toughness, playing a critical role in how orb webs stop flying insects. Here, we show convergence between pseudo-orb-weaving Fecenia and true orb spiders. As in the origin of true orbs, Fecenia dragline silk improved significantly compared to relatives. But, Fecenia silk lacks the high compliance and extensibility found in true orb spiders, likely due in part to the absence of MaSp2. Our results suggest how constraints limit convergent evolution and provide insight into the evolution of nature's toughest fibers. C1 [Blackledge, Todd A.; Marhabaie, Mohammad] Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Blackledge, Todd A.; Marhabaie, Mohammad; Leeper, Thomas C.] Univ Akron, Integrated Biosci Program, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Kuntner, Matjaz] Slovenian Acad Sci & Arts, Ctr Sci Res, Inst Biol, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Kuntner, Matjaz; Agnarsson, Ingi] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Kuntner, Matjaz] Hubei Univ, Coll Life Sci, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Leeper, Thomas C.] Univ Akron, Dept Chem, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Agnarsson, Ingi] Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT USA. RP Blackledge, TA (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM blackledge@uakron.edu FU NSF [IOS-0745379, DEB-1050187-1050253]; Slovenian Research Agency [J1 - 2063] FX We thank S. Zschokke, M. Herberstein, and an anonymous reviewer for insightful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. D. Piorkowski provided assistance with the collection and mechanical testing of silk. S. Bilinovich provided support for the HPLC. M. Gregoric and D. Li helped with field collection and/or DNA sequencing. S. Richards and the Conservation International RAP program sponsored and organized fieldwork in Papua. Work was supported by NSF grants no. IOS-0745379 and DEB-1050187-1050253 and by the Slovenian Research Agency grant no. J1 - 2063. Sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers (KC011009-11021). NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 36 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 2 PY 2012 VL 2 AR 833 DI 10.1038/srep00833 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 037JC UT WOS:000311098700001 PM 23150784 ER PT J AU Evans, LG Peplowski, PN Rhodes, EA Lawrence, DJ McCoy, TJ Nittler, LR Solomon, SC Sprague, AL Stockstill-Cahill, KR Starr, RD Weider, SZ Boynton, WV Hamara, DK Goldsten, JO AF Evans, Larry G. Peplowski, Patrick N. Rhodes, Edgar A. Lawrence, David J. McCoy, Timothy J. Nittler, Larry R. Solomon, Sean C. Sprague, Ann L. Stockstill-Cahill, Karen R. Starr, Richard D. Weider, Shoshana Z. Boynton, William V. Hamara, David K. Goldsten, John O. TI Major-element abundances on the surface of Mercury: Results from the MESSENGER Gamma-Ray Spectrometer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE; EVOLUTION; NEUTRONS; SODIUM; FLYBY; MOON AB Orbital gamma-ray measurements obtained by the MESSENGER spacecraft have been analyzed to determine the abundances of the major elements Al, Ca, S, Fe, and Na on the surface of Mercury. The Si abundance was determined and used to normalize those of the other reported elements. The Na analysis provides the first abundance estimate of 2.9 +/- 0.1 wt% for this element on Mercury's surface. The other elemental results (S/Si = 0.092 +/- 0.015, Ca/Si = 0.24 +/- 0.05, and Fe/Si = 0.077 +/- 0.013) are consistent with those previously obtained by the MESSENGER X-Ray Spectrometer, including the high sulfur and low iron abundances. Because of different sampling depths for the two techniques, this agreement indicates that Mercury's regolith is, on average, homogenous to a depth of tens of centimeters. The elemental results from gamma-ray and X-ray spectrometry are most consistent with petrologic models suggesting that Mercury's surface is dominated by Mg-rich silicates. We also compare the results with those obtained during the MESSENGER flybys and with ground-based observations of Mercury's surface and exosphere. C1 [Evans, Larry G.] Comp Sci Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Peplowski, Patrick N.; Rhodes, Edgar A.; Lawrence, David J.; Goldsten, John O.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [McCoy, Timothy J.; Stockstill-Cahill, Karen R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Nittler, Larry R.; Solomon, Sean C.; Weider, Shoshana Z.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Solomon, Sean C.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Sprague, Ann L.; Boynton, William V.; Hamara, David K.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Starr, Richard D.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Evans, LG (reprint author), Comp Sci Corp, 7900 Harkins Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM larry.g.evans@nasa.gov RI Peplowski, Patrick/I-7254-2012; Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015; OI Peplowski, Patrick/0000-0001-7154-8143; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667; Weider, Shoshana/0000-0003-1034-909X FU MESSENGER Participating Scientist program [NNH08CC06C]; NASA [NAS5-97271, NASW-00002] FX We thank the entire MESSENGER team for their invaluable contributions to the development and operation of the MESSENGER spacecraft. This work was supported in part by the MESSENGER Participating Scientist program under contract NNH08CC06C to Computer Sciences Corporation. The MESSENGER project is supported by the NASA Discovery Program under contract NAS5-97271 to The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and NASW-00002 to the Carnegie Institution of Washington. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful suggestions to improve this paper. NR 39 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 2 PY 2012 VL 117 AR E00L07 DI 10.1029/2012JE004178 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 032CT UT WOS:000310690300003 ER PT J AU Clough, GW AF Clough, G. Wayne TI From the Castle SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Clough, GW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD NOV PY 2012 VL 43 IS 7 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 126SM UT WOS:000317641500005 ER PT J AU Huang, Y Zhang, HM Li, DS Zhang, GQ Wei, RP Huang, Z Zhou, YM Zhou, Q Liu, Y Wildt, DE Hull, V AF Huang, Yan Zhang, Hemin Li, Desheng Zhang, Guiquan Wei, Rongping Huang, Zhi Zhou, Yingmin Zhou, Qiang Liu, Yang Wildt, David E. Hull, Vanessa TI Relationship of the Estrogen Surge and Multiple Mates to Cub Paternity in the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca): Implications for Optimal Timing of Copulation or Artificial Insemination SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE assisted reproductive technology; breeding; estrous cycle; giant panda; paternity ID ESTRUS AB The effectiveness of ex situ breeding programs for endangered species can be limited by challenges in mimicking mating competitions that naturally occur among multiple mates in the wild. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of timed natural matings and/or artificial inseminations in the context of the urinary estrogen surge on cub production in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). We used a large cohort of giant pandas, including 12 females and 17 males. DNA paternity exclusion was used to pinpoint accurately the interval during the estrogen surge that coincided with the ideal sperm deposition time to produce offspring. Of the 31 cubs (in 19 pregnancies), 22 (71.0%; 15 pregnancies) were produced from matings occurring on the day of or the day after the maximal urinary estrogen peak. Sixteen of the 19 pregnancies (84.2%) produced at least one offspring sired by the first male mating with the dam. There was a preponderance of twins (12 of 19; 63.2%), and dual paternities were discovered in 3 of 12 twin sets (25%). These findings indicate a strong relationship between the excreted estrogen surge and sperm deposition to achieve pregnancy in the giant panda. To ensure the production of the most genetically diverse young, it is imperative that the most appropriate male mate first and on the day of or the day after the highest detected estrogen value. There is no advantage to increasing the number of copulations or mating partners within 1 day of the estrogen peak on the incidence of twinning, although this practice may increase the prevalence of dual paternity in cases of multiple births. C1 [Huang, Yan; Zhang, Hemin; Li, Desheng; Zhang, Guiquan; Wei, Rongping; Huang, Zhi; Zhou, Yingmin; Zhou, Qiang; Liu, Yang] CCRCGP, Wolong Nat Reserve, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Wildt, David E.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA USA. [Hull, Vanessa] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, CSIS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), CCRCGP, Wolong Nat Reserve, Sichuan, Peoples R China. EM pandayard@hotmail.com FU Panda International Cooperation Foundation of the State Forestry Administration, China [SD0628]; Wolong Panda Club; U.S. National Science Foundation FX Supported by the Panda International Cooperation Foundation of the State Forestry Administration, China (Project No. SD0628), the Wolong Panda Club, and the U.S. National Science Foundation. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 49 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1691 MONROE ST,SUITE # 3, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 87 IS 5 AR 112 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.112.102970 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 080HI UT WOS:000314231900009 PM 22976278 ER PT J AU Harnik, PG Lotze, HK Anderson, SC Finkel, ZV Finnegan, S Lindberg, DR Liow, LH Lockwood, R McClain, CR McGuire, JL O'Dea, A Pandolfi, JM Simpson, C Tittensor, DP AF Harnik, Paul G. Lotze, Heike K. Anderson, Sean C. Finkel, Zoe V. Finnegan, Seth Lindberg, David R. Liow, Lee Hsiang Lockwood, Rowan McClain, Craig R. McGuire, Jenny L. O'Dea, Aaron Pandolfi, John M. Simpson, Carl Tittensor, Derek P. TI Extinctions in ancient and modern seas SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID PERMIAN MASS EXTINCTION; EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; MARINE BIODIVERSITY; FOSSIL RECORD; LEVEL CHANGE; RISK; ECOSYSTEMS; CORAL AB In the coming century, life in the ocean will be confronted with a suite of environmental conditions that have no analog in human history. Thus, there is an urgent need to determine which marine species will adapt and which will go extinct. Here, we review the growing literature on marine extinctions and extinction risk in the fossil, historical, and modern records to compare the patterns, drivers, and biological correlates of marine extinctions at different times in the past. Characterized by markedly different environmental states, some past periods share common features with predicted future scenarios. We highlight how the different records can be integrated to better understand and predict the impact of current and projected future environmental changes on extinction risk in the ocean. C1 [Harnik, Paul G.; McClain, Craig R.; McGuire, Jenny L.] Natl Evolutionary Synth Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Lotze, Heike K.; Tittensor, Derek P.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Anderson, Sean C.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Finkel, Zoe V.] Mt Allison Univ, Environm Sci Program, Sackville, NB E4L 1A5, Canada. [Finnegan, Seth; Lindberg, David R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Finnegan, Seth; Lindberg, David R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Paleontol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lindberg, David R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Computat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liow, Lee Hsiang] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Lockwood, Rowan] Coll William & Mary, Dept Geol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [McGuire, Jenny L.] Univ Washinbton, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [O'Dea, Aaron] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Pandolfi, John M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Australian Res Council, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Simpson, Carl] Humboldt Univ, Leibniz Inst, Museum Naturkunde, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Tittensor, Derek P.] World Conservat Monitoring Ctr, United Nations Environm Programme, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. [Tittensor, Derek P.] Microsoft Res Computat Sci Lab, Cambridge CB3 0FB, England. RP Harnik, PG (reprint author), Natl Evolutionary Synth Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM paulharnik@nescent.org RI Pandolfi, John/A-3121-2009; McGuire, Jenny/G-8819-2011; O'Dea, Aaron/D-4114-2011; Lindberg, David/D-8138-2011; Liow, Lee Hsiang/E-3481-2010; OI Pandolfi, John/0000-0003-3047-6694; McGuire, Jenny/0000-0002-0663-6902; Liow, Lee Hsiang/0000-0002-3732-6069; McClain, Craig/0000-0003-0574-428X FU National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, NSF [EF-0905606]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National System of Investigators of the National Research of the National Secretariat for Science, Technology and Innovation of Panama; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [KI 806/7-1] FX This review is a product of the Determinants of Extinction in Ancient and Modern Seas Working Group supported by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, NSF #EF-0905606. Additional support was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to H.K.L. and S.C.A., the National System of Investigators of the National Research of the National Secretariat for Science, Technology and Innovation of Panama to A.O'D., the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies to J.M.P., and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grant KI 806/7-1 to C.S. This article is Paleobiology Database Publication no. 162. NR 95 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 12 U2 171 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 27 IS 11 BP 608 EP 617 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2012.07.010 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 071PR UT WOS:000313607200008 PM 22889500 ER PT J AU Nottingham, AT Turner, BL Chamberlain, PM Stott, AW Tanner, EVJ AF Nottingham, Andrew T. Turner, Benjamin L. Chamberlain, Paul M. Stott, Andrew W. Tanner, Edmund V. J. TI Priming and microbial nutrient limitation in lowland tropical forest soils of contrasting fertility SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Phenol oxidase; Phospholipid fatty acids; Phosphomonoesterase; Priming effect; Soil carbon ID CARBON-DIOXIDE LOSSES; RAIN-FOREST; ORGANIC-MATTER; FUMIGATION-EXTRACTION; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; ARABLE SOILS; ELEVATED CO2; BIOMASS-C; NITROGEN AB Priming is an increase in soil organic carbon decomposition following input of labile organic carbon. In temperate soils where biological activity is limited commonly by nitrogen availability, priming is expected to occur through microbial acquisition of nitrogen from organic matter or stimulated activity of recalcitrant-carbon degrading microorganisms. However, these priming mechanisms have not yet been assessed in strongly weathered tropical forest soils where biological activity is often limited by the availability of phosphorus. We examined whether microbial nutrient limitation or community dynamics drive priming in three lowland tropical forest soils of contrasting fertility ('low', 'mid' and 'high') by applying C-4-sucrose (alone or in combination with nutrients; nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) and measuring (1) the delta C-13-signatures in respired CO2 and in phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) biomarkers, and (2) the activities of enzymes involved in nitrogen (N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase), phosphorus (phosphomonoesterase) and carbon (beta-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, xylanase, phenol oxidase) acquisition from organic compounds. Priming was constrained in part by nutrient availability, because priming was greater when sucrose was added alone compared to when added with nutrients. However, the greatest priming with sucrose addition alone was detected in the medium fertility soil. Priming occurred in parallel with stimulated activity of phosphomonoesterase and phenol oxidase (but not N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase); when sucrose was added with nutrients there were lower activities of phosphomonoesterase and phenol oxidase. There was no evidence according to PLFA delta C-13-incorporation that priming was caused by specific groups of recalcitrant-carbon degrading microorganisms. We conclude that priming occurred in the intermediate fertility soil following microbial mineralization of organic nutrients (phosphorus in particular) and suggest that priming was constrained in the high fertility soil by high nutrient availability and in the low fertility soil by the low concentration of soil organic matter amenable to priming. This first study of priming mechanisms in tropical forest soils indicates that input of labile carbon can result in priming by microbial mineralization of organic nutrients, which has important implications for understanding the fate of organic carbon in tropical forest soils. C1 [Nottingham, Andrew T.; Tanner, Edmund V. J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. [Nottingham, Andrew T.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Midlothian, Scotland. [Turner, Benjamin L.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Chamberlain, Paul M.; Stott, Andrew W.] Lancaster Environm Ctr, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Lancaster LA1 4AP, England. RP Nottingham, AT (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Drummond St, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Midlothian, Scotland. EM anotting@staffmail.ed.ac.uk RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; STOTT, ANDREW /I-7920-2012 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; FU NERC [NER/S/A/2004/12241A]; Gonville and Caius College Cambridge; NERC LSMSF grant [SI-025]; STRI short term fellowship FX We thank Tania Romero, Dayana Agudo and Dianne de la Cruz for laboratory support; Marie-Soleil Turmel for field assistance; Beto Quesada for sharing data from RAINFOR sites; and Marife Corre and Rodolfo Rojas for the GC-analyses of CO2 samples. For their insightful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript, we thank two anonymous reviewers. This work was funded by a NERC grant (NER/S/A/2004/12241A), Gonville and Caius College Cambridge, a NERC LSMSF grant (allocation number SI-025), and a STRI short term fellowship to ATN. NR 73 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 7 U2 113 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2012 VL 111 IS 1-3 BP 219 EP 237 DI 10.1007/s10533-011-9637-4 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 077XR UT WOS:000314063200014 ER PT J AU Mitchell, CPJ Jordan, TE Heyes, A Gilmour, CC AF Mitchell, Carl P. J. Jordan, Thomas E. Heyes, Andrew Gilmour, Cynthia C. TI Tidal exchange of total mercury and methylmercury between a salt marsh and a Chesapeake Bay sub-estuary SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Methylmercury Salt marsh; Chesapeake Bay ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; BRACKISH MARSHES; COASTAL WATERS; NUTRIENT FLUX; SEDIMENTS; METHYLATION; WETLAND; CALIFORNIA AB We examined the net exchange of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) between a tidal marsh and its adjacent estuary over a 1-year period from August 2007 to July 2008. Our objectives were to estimate the importance of tidal salt marshes as sources and sinks of mercury within the Chesapeake Bay system, and to examine the hydrologic and biogeochemical controls on mercury fate and transport in tidal marshes. Tidal flows and water chemistry were measured at an established tidal flume at the mouth of the principal tidal creek of a 3-ha marsh section at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. Fluxes were estimated by combining continuous tidal flow measurement for the entire study year, with discrete, hourly, flow-weighted measurements of filterable and particulate THg and MeHg, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and suspended particulate matter (SPM) made over 20 tidal cycles during the year. We found that the marsh was a relatively small net tidal source of MeHg, mainly during the warmer growing season. We also confirmed that the marsh was a substantial source of DOC to the adjacent estuary. DOC was a significant predictor of both filterable THg and MeHg fluxes. However, although the marsh was a source of filterable THg, it was overall a net sink for THg because of particulate trapping. The net per-area annual flux of MeHg from tidal marshes is greater than other MeHg pathways within Chesapeake Bay. The annual load of MeHg from tidal marshes into Chesapeake Bay, however, is likely small relative to fluvial fluxes and efflux from bottom sediment. This study suggests that MeHg production within the tidal marsh has greater consequences for biota inhabiting the marsh than for the efflux of MeHg from the marsh. C1 [Mitchell, Carl P. J.] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. [Mitchell, Carl P. J.; Jordan, Thomas E.; Gilmour, Cynthia C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Heyes, Andrew] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Mitchell, CPJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, 1265 Mil Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. EM carl.mitchell@utoronto.ca RI Mitchell, Carl/A-7212-2008; Heyes, Andrew/E-5269-2012; Gilmour, Cynthia/G-1784-2010 OI Mitchell, Carl/0000-0001-8538-5138; Gilmour, Cynthia/0000-0002-1720-9498 FU Maryland Department of Natural Resources; National Science Foundation [OCE-0351050]; Smithsonian Institution FX Georgia Riedel, Tyler Bell, Alex Crawford and Peter Minchella provided field and laboratory support. Pat Neale and Maria Tzortziou provided assistance with spectrophotometric absorbance measurements. Pat Megonigal and Pat Neale provided critical background information on Kirkpatrick Marsh chemistry and ecology. Funding for this project was provided through the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, the National Science Foundation (OCE-0351050 to R. Mason and C. Gilmour; and the SERC Research Experience for Undergraduates program), and the Smithsonian Institution through a postdoctoral fellowship to C. P. J. M. We thank an anonymous reviewer for helping us to clarify error and variability in water budgets. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2012 VL 111 IS 1-3 BP 583 EP 600 DI 10.1007/s10533-011-9691-y PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 077XR UT WOS:000314063200036 ER PT J AU McCord, TB Li, JY Combe, JP McSween, HY Jaumann, R Reddy, V Tosi, F Williams, DA Blewett, DT Turrini, D Palomba, E Pieters, CM De Sanctis, MC Ammannito, E Capria, MT Le Corre, L Longobardo, A Nathues, A Mittlefehldt, DW Schroder, SE Hiesinger, H Beck, AW Capaccioni, F Carsenty, U Keller, HU Denevi, BW Sunshine, JM Raymond, CA Russell, CT AF McCord, T. B. Li, J. -Y. Combe, J. -P. McSween, H. Y. Jaumann, R. Reddy, V. Tosi, F. Williams, D. A. Blewett, D. T. Turrini, D. Palomba, E. Pieters, C. M. De Sanctis, M. C. Ammannito, E. Capria, M. T. Le Corre, L. Longobardo, A. Nathues, A. Mittlefehldt, D. W. Schroeder, S. E. Hiesinger, H. Beck, A. W. Capaccioni, F. Carsenty, U. Keller, H. U. Denevi, B. W. Sunshine, J. M. Raymond, C. A. Russell, C. T. TI Dark material on Vesta from the infall of carbonaceous volatile-rich material SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID DAWN MISSION; HETEROGENEITY; MINERALOGY; SURFACE; ALBEDO; COLOR; WATER; MOON AB Localized dark and bright materials, often with extremely different albedos, were recently found on Vesta's surface(1,2). The range of albedos is among the largest observed on Solar System rocky bodies. These dark materials, often associated with craters, appear in ejecta and crater walls, and their pyroxene absorption strengths are correlated with material brightness. It was tentatively suggested that the dark material on Vesta could be either exogenic, from carbon-rich, low-velocity impactors, or endogenic, from freshly exposed mafic material or impact melt, created or exposed by impacts. Here we report Vesta spectra and images and use them to derive and interpret the properties of the 'pure' dark and bright materials. We argue that the dark material is mainly from infall of hydrated carbonaceous material (like that found in a major class of meteorites and some comet surfaces(3-5)), whereas the bright material is the uncontaminated indigenous Vesta basaltic soil. Dark material from low-albedo impactors is diffused over time through the Vestan regolith by impact mixing, creating broader, diffuse darker regions and finally Vesta's background surface material. This is consistent with howardite-eucrite-diogenite meteorites coming from Vesta. C1 [McCord, T. B.; Combe, J. -P.] Bear Fight Inst, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. [Li, J. -Y.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [McSween, H. Y.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jaumann, R.; Carsenty, U.] Inst Planetary Res, DLR, D-80302 Berlin, Germany. [Reddy, V.; Le Corre, L.; Nathues, A.; Schroeder, S. E.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg, Germany. [Reddy, V.] Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Tosi, F.; Turrini, D.; Palomba, E.; De Sanctis, M. C.; Ammannito, E.; Capria, M. T.; Longobardo, A.; Capaccioni, F.] Ist Nazl Astrofis IASF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Williams, D. A.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Blewett, D. T.; Denevi, B. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Pieters, C. M.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Mittlefehldt, D. W.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res Off, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Hiesinger, H.] Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Beck, A. W.] Smithsonian Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Keller, H. U.] Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Sunshine, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Raymond, C. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP McCord, TB (reprint author), Bear Fight Inst, 22 Fiddlers Rd,Box 667, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. EM tmccord@bearfightinstitute.com; jean-philippe_combe@bearfightinstitutute.com RI Russell, Christopher/E-7745-2012; Schroder, Stefan/D-9709-2013; De Sanctis, Maria Cristina/G-5232-2013; Denevi, Brett/I-6502-2012; Blewett, David/I-4904-2012; Beck, Andrew/J-7215-2015; OI Le Corre, Lucille/0000-0003-0349-7932; Palomba, Ernesto/0000-0002-9101-6774; Tosi, Federico/0000-0003-4002-2434; Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Schroder, Stefan/0000-0003-0323-8324; De Sanctis, Maria Cristina/0000-0002-3463-4437; Denevi, Brett/0000-0001-7837-6663; Blewett, David/0000-0002-9241-6358; Beck, Andrew/0000-0003-4455-2299; capria, maria teresa/0000-0002-9814-9588; Reddy, Vishnu/0000-0002-7743-3491; Turrini, Diego/0000-0002-1923-7740 FU NASA Dawn Project under UCLA; NASA Dawn at Vesta Participating Scientist program; Italian Space Agency; Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research; Germany Aerospace Agency (DLR) FX This research was supported by the NASA Dawn Project under contract from UCLA, by the NASA Dawn at Vesta Participating Scientist program, the Italian Space Agency, the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, and the Germany Aerospace Agency (DLR). We acknowledge the support of the Dawn Science, Instrument and Operations Teams. NR 23 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 4 U2 37 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 491 IS 7422 BP 83 EP U93 DI 10.1038/nature11561 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 028PM UT WOS:000310434500034 PM 23128228 ER PT J AU Trindade, OSN Azevedo, GG Smith, DR Silva, JC AF Trindade, O. S. N. Azevedo, G. G. Smith, D. R. Silva-Junior, J. C. TI Occurrence of the parasitoid Seminota marginata (Westwood, 1874) (Hymenoptera: Trigonalidae) in a nest of the social wasp, Apoica (Apoica) flavissima (Van der Vecht, 1973) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRIGONALYIDAE HYMENOPTERA; BIOLOGY C1 [Trindade, O. S. N.; Silva-Junior, J. C.] UESB, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-45206190 Jequie, BA, Brazil. [Azevedo, G. G.] Univ Fed Maranhao UFMA, Ctr Ciencias Biol & Saude, Dept Biol, BR-65085580 Sao Luis, MA, Brazil. [Smith, D. R.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Trindade, OSN (reprint author), UESB, Dept Ciencias Biol, Av Jose Moreira Sobrinho S-N, BR-45206190 Jequie, BA, Brazil. EM ozzybiologo@yahoo.com.br NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT INST ECOLOGY PI SAO CARLOS PA RUA BENTO CARLOS, 750 - CENTRO, SAO CARLOS, SP 00000, BRAZIL SN 1519-6984 J9 BRAZ J BIOL JI Braz. J. Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 72 IS 4 BP 967 EP 968 PG 2 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 067GO UT WOS:000313282400026 PM 23295530 ER PT J AU Smyth, RL Sobrino, C Phillips-Kress, J Kim, HC Neale, PJ AF Smyth, Robyn L. Sobrino, Cristina Phillips-Kress, Jesse Kim, Hae-Cheol Neale, Patrick J. TI Phytoplankton photosynthetic response to solar ultraviolet irradiance in the Ross Sea Polynya: Development and evaluation of a time-dependent model with limited repair SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DIATOM THALASSIOSIRA-PSEUDONANA; ANTARCTIC PHYTOPLANKTON; WEIGHTING FUNCTIONS; UV-RADIATION; SHORT-TERM; INHIBITION; SENSITIVITY; PHOTOINHIBITION; ACCLIMATION; GROWTH AB The relationship of photosynthesis (C-14 incorporation) to ultraviolet (UVR) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was measured over the course of the late-spring to early-summer phytoplankton bloom in the Ross Sea Polynya (Southern Ocean). Experiments were conducted in November 2005 to determine PAR-only photosynthesis-irradiance (P-E) curves, biological weighting functions (BWFs) using a new version of the "photoinhibitron" laboratory spectral incubator, and variation in photosynthesis under high vs. low solar UVR treatments in on-deck incubations. These observations were incorporated into a new spectral model of photosynthetic response to UVR + PAR with time-dependent repair rates. The distinguishing feature of this model is that repair scales with inhibition up to a maximum absolute repair rate (r(max)). Once repair is limited at the maximum rate, additional exposure has a more severe inhibitory effect on photosynthesis, consistent with measured exposure response curves. Parameters for the BWFRmax/P-E model were determined for 10 sampling locations ranging from mixed diatom and Phaeocystis antarctica assemblages at the beginning of the bloom to assemblages dominated by P. antarctica at the peak of the bloom. The model explained 86-97% of the measured spectral variation with BWFs severalfold higher (more inhibitory) than those previously measured in the Weddell-Scotia Confluence and coastal waters near the Antarctic Peninsula. Predicted relative productivity (ratio of modeled photosynthesis under high vs. low UVR) was close to observed relative productivity, but absolute photosynthetic rates were higher in the on-deck incubations than in the photoinhibitron. C1 [Smyth, Robyn L.; Sobrino, Cristina; Phillips-Kress, Jesse; Kim, Hae-Cheol; Neale, Patrick J.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Neale, PJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM nealep@si.edu OI Sobrino, Cristina/0000-0003-0431-1220 FU National Science Foundation [0127037, OPP 0127022, OPP 0125818, 0839011]; Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research; Spanish Ministry of Education and Science FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the officers and crew of the Research Vessel Icebreaker Nathaniel B. Palmer, the technical support staff from Raytheon Polar Services, and scientists aboard the October-December 2005 Ross Sea cruise (NBP0508). We also thank Brad Herried of the Polar Geospatial Center at the University of Minnesota for creating the map shown in Figure 1. The National Science Foundation is acknowledged for support to the mixing and ultraviolet radiation in the Ross Sea (MIXURS) project (Office of Polar Programs [OPP] 0127037 to P.J.N., OPP 0127022 to W. Jeffrey, and OPP 0125818 to A. E. Gargett) and for model development (Office of Polar Programs-0839011). C. S. was supported by an Asturias Fellowship from the Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research and by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1602 EP 1618 DI 10.4319/lo.2012.57.6.1602 PG 17 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 065PE UT WOS:000313159700002 ER PT J AU Rose, KC Williamson, CE Fischer, JM Connelly, SJ Olson, M Tucker, AJ Noe, DA AF Rose, Kevin C. Williamson, Craig E. Fischer, Janet M. Connelly, Sandra J. Olson, Mark Tucker, Andrew J. Noe, Douglas A. TI The role of ultraviolet radiation and fish in regulating the vertical distribution of Daphnia SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID UV-RADIATION; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; PHOTOTACTIC BEHAVIOR; ZOOPLANKTON; MIGRATION; MAGNA; EXPOSURE; LAKE; TRANSPARENCY; PIGMENTATION AB Previous studies have demonstrated independent effects of both solar ultraviolet radiation (UV; 280-400 nm) and planktivorous fish on the vertical distribution of Daphnia. We examined the behavioral response of adult and juvenile Daphnia to both UV and planktivorous fish simultaneously in a small temperate lake in eastern Pennsylvania by conducting a large-scale (15 m deep) in situ mesocosm experiment with full factorial treatments (+/- UV and +/- fish). UV induced an avoidance of the surface waters in both juvenile and adult Daphnia. In contrast, the response of Daphnia to fish depended on the presence of UV, with a clear interactive effect. In the presence of both UV and fish, Daphnia were deeper in the water column than they were in the absence of either UV or fish. Sampling of the lake also revealed a rapid upward shift in the depth distribution of both juveniles and adults following a rare and intense early-summer storm that reduced the lake's transparency to both UV (for example, 380 nm UV-A) and photosynthetically active radiation (400-700 nm) by 44% and 39%, respectively. Evidence of a novel benefit to UV avoidance behavior was also observed: surface avoidance of UV reduces the hazards of Daphnia getting caught in the surface air-water interface and perishing. These results highlight the interactive effects of fish and UV on Daphnia vertical distribution under near-natural conditions in situ. C1 [Rose, Kevin C.; Williamson, Craig E.; Tucker, Andrew J.] Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Fischer, Janet M.; Olson, Mark] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Biol, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. [Connelly, Sandra J.] Rochester Inst Technol, Gosnell Sch Life Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Noe, Douglas A.] Miami Univ, Dept Stat, Oxford, OH USA. RP Rose, KC (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM RoseKC@si.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Environmental Biology (DEB) [IRCEB 0210972]; NSF Division of Graduate Education (DGE) Integrative Graduate Education Research and Traineeship (IGERT) grant [0903560] FX We thank Erin Overholt, Robert Moeller, Hilary Smith, Tristan Adams-Deutsch, Kelly Cassels, and Amy Oliver for assistance with field work and lab analyses, the Blooming Grove Hunting and Fishing Club for access to Lake Giles, the Lacawac Sanctuary for logistical support, and two anonymous reviews for helpful comments. This work was funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Environmental Biology (DEB) grant IRCEB 0210972. K. C. R. and C. E. W. also received support from NSF Division of Graduate Education (DGE) Integrative Graduate Education Research and Traineeship (IGERT) grant 0903560. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 33 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1867 EP 1876 DI 10.4319/lo.2012.57.6.1867 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 065PE UT WOS:000313159700023 ER PT J AU Grant, JA Wilson, SA AF Grant, John A. Wilson, Sharon A. TI A possible synoptic source of water for alluvial fan formation in southern Margaritifer Terra, Mars SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mars; Alluvial fan; Margaritifer Terra; Precipitation; Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover; Climate ID MARTIAN IMPACT CRATERS; AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTS; VALLEYS; EVOLUTION; NETWORK; BASIN AB The morphometry and occurrence of crater-bound fans in southern Margaritifer Terra that were active from around the Hesperian-Amazonian boundary into the Early Amazonian is consistent with emplacement related to synoptic precipitation. Precipitation, possibly occurring as snow, may have been locally influenced by topography and (or) orbital variations. It is not known how much of the total sediment inventory in the fans relates to this late activity versus possible earlier events where water may have been available from alternate sources such as impact-related melting of ground ice. Winds may have concentrated late occurring precipitation into existing relief and (or) preexisting alcoves that facilitated physical weathering to produce fine sediments later incorporated into fans. Two of the craters containing fan deposits, Holden and Eberswalde, were finalists for the MSL landing site. Results suggest that exposed and accessible fan sediments at both crater sites may record a late period of colder, drier conditions relative to early Mars that was punctuated by ephemeral water-driven activity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Grant, John A.; Wilson, Sharon A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Grant, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, 6th Independence SW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM grantj@si.edu FU NASA FX We thank the people at the University of Arizona, Ball Aerospace, Malin Space Science Systems, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and Lockheed Martin that built and operate the HiRISE and CTX cameras and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft. Reviews by anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. This work was supported by NASA. NR 65 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 72 IS 1 SI SI BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2012.05.020 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 058DZ UT WOS:000312615600005 ER PT J AU Clough, GW AF Clough, G. Wayne TI From the Castle SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Clough, GW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD NOV PY 2012 VL 42 IS 12 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 058DU UT WOS:000312615100006 ER PT J AU Lee, CF Swietojanska, J Staines, CL AF Lee, Chi-Feng Swietojanska, Jolanta Staines, Charles L. TI A Review of the Genus Callispa Baly, 1858 in Taiwan (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Callispini), with Descriptions of Two New Species and their Immature Stages, and Notes on their Bionomy SO ZOOLOGICAL STUDIES LA English DT Review DE Taxonomy; New species; Cassidinae; Callispa; Leaf beetles AB Chi-Feng Lee, Jolanta Swietojanska, and Charles L. Staines (2012) A review of the genus Callispa Baly, 1858 in Taiwan (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Callispini), with descriptions of two new species and their immature stages, and notes on their bionomy. Zoological Studies 51(6): 832-861. Taiwanese species of the genus Callispa Baly, 1858 are reviewed. The adults, eggs, larvae, and pupae of 2 species, C. houjayi sp. nov. and C. tsoui sp. nov., are described as new to science. The latter species was originally misidentified as C. ruficollis Fairmaire, 1889. Immature stages of both new species present 2 distinct types and are compared with other known Callispa immatures. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/51.6/832.pdf C1 [Lee, Chi-Feng] Agr Res Inst Taiwan, Appl Zool Div, Taichung 413, Taiwan. [Swietojanska, Jolanta] Univ Wroclaw, Inst Zool, PL-51148 Wroclaw, Poland. [Staines, Charles L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 187, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lee, CF (reprint author), Agr Res Inst Taiwan, Appl Zool Div, 189 Chung Cheng Rd, Taichung 413, Taiwan. EM chifeng@tari.gov.tw; sindiola@biol.uni.wroc.pl; stainesc@si.edu FU Univ. of Wroclaw [1018/DS/IZ/11]; National Science Council, Taiwan [NSC100-2313-B-055-001] FX We thank the Taiwan Chrysomelid Research Team including Mrs. S.F. Yu, Mr. M.H. Tsao, Mr. W.T. Liu, Mr. Y.C. Chang, Mr. H.J. Chen, and Mrs. H. Lee for assistance with collecting materials. J. Swietojanska thanks the Univ. of Wroclaw for financial assistance (project no. 1018/DS/IZ/11). C.F. Lee thanks the National Science Council, Taiwan for financial assistance (NSC100-2313-B-055-001). We especially thank Mr. H.J. Chen for photos of live immatures and Mr. H.T. Cheng for photos of adults. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACAD SINICA INST ZOOLOGY PI TAIPEI PA EDITORIAL OFFICE, TAIPEI 115, TAIWAN SN 1021-5506 J9 ZOOL STUD JI Zool. Stud. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 51 IS 6 BP 832 EP 861 PG 30 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 060BG UT WOS:000312750200010 ER PT J AU Baltzer, JL Davies, SJ AF Baltzer, Jennifer L. Davies, Stuart J. TI Rainfall seasonality and pest pressure as determinants of tropical tree species' distributions SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Drought; global change; herbivory; Kangar-Pattani Line; species distributions; tropical forests ID MALAY-THAI PENINSULA; DESICCATION TOLERANCE; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; HERBIVOROUS INSECTS; AMAZONIAN FORESTS; WATER-STRESS; DROUGHT; RESPONSES; SPECIALIZATION AB Drought and pests are primary abiotic and biotic factors proposed as selective filters acting on species distributions along rainfall gradients in tropical forests and may contribute importantly to species distributional limits, performance, and diversity gradients. Recent research demonstrates linkages between species distributions along rainfall gradients and physiological drought tolerance; corresponding experimental examinations of the contribution of pest pressure to distributional limits and potential interactions between drought and herbivory are limited. This study aims to quantitate differential performance and herbivory as a function of species range limits across a climatic and floristic transition in Southeast Asia. Khao Chong Botanical Garden, Thailand and Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malaysia straddle the Kangar-Pattani Line. A reciprocal transplantation across a seasonality gradient was established using two groups of species ("widespread" taxa whose distributions include seasonally dry forests and "aseasonal" taxa whose distributions are limited to aseasonal forests). Growth, biomass allocation, survival, and herbivory were monitored for 19 months. Systematic differences in performance were a function of species distribution in relation to rainfall seasonality. In aseasonal Pasoh, aseasonal species had both greater growth and survivorship than widespread species. These differences were not a function of differential herbivory as widespread and aseasonal species experienced similar damage in the aseasonal forest. In seasonally dry Khao Chong, widespread species showed higher survivorship than aseasonal species, but these differences were only apparent during drought. We link this differential performance to physiological mechanisms as well as differential tolerance of biotic pressure during drought stress. Systematic decreases in seedling survival in aseasonal taxa during drought corresponded with previously documented physiological differences and may be exacerbated by herbivore damage. These results have important implications for tropical diversity and community composition in light of predicted increases in the frequency and severity of drought in hyperdiverse tropical forests. C1 [Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. [Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Davies, Stuart J.] Harvard Univ, Arnold Arboretum Asia Program, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Boston, MA 02131 USA. [Davies, Stuart J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Baltzer, JL (reprint author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. EM jbaltzer@wlu.ca FU Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX Research was supported by the Center for Tropical Forest Science - Arnold Arboretum Asia Program, a CTFS research grant and a postdoctoral fellowship to J. L. B. from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 2 IS 11 BP 2682 EP 2694 DI 10.1002/ece3.383 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 055XX UT WOS:000312452400005 PM 23170205 ER PT J AU Kingston, SE Jernigan, RW Fagan, WF Braun, D Braun, MJ AF Kingston, Sarah E. Jernigan, Robert W. Fagan, William F. Braun, David Braun, Michael J. TI Genomic variation in cline shape across a hybrid zone SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE AFLP; gene flow; hybridization; introgression; isozyme; mitochondrial DNA; Pipilo maculatus; Pipilo ocai; tension zone model; towhee ID FIRE-BELLIED TOADS; GENE FLOW; BOMBINA-BOMBINA; SELECTION; HYBRIDIZATION; INTROGRESSION; SPECIATION; ADAPTATION; DIFFERENTIATION; POPULATIONS AB Hybrid zones are unique biological interfaces that reveal both population level and species level evolutionary processes. A genome-scale approach to assess gene flow across hybrid zones is vital, and now possible. In Mexican towhees (genus Pipilo), several morphological hybrid gradients exist. We completed a genome survey across one such gradient (9 populations, 140 birds) using mitochondrial DNA, 28 isozyme, and 377 AFLP markers. To assess variation in introgression among loci, cline parameters (i.e., width, center) for the 61 clinally varying loci were estimated and compiled into genomic distributions for tests against three empirical models spanning the range of observed cline shape. No single model accounts for observed variation in cline shape among loci. Numerous backcross individuals near the gradient center confirm a hybrid origin for these populations, contrary to a previous hypothesis based on social mimicry and character displacement. In addition, the observed variation does not bin into well-defined categories of locus types (e. g., neutral vs. highly selected). Our multi-locus analysis reveals cross-genomic variation in selective constraints on gene flow and locus-specific flexibility in the permeability of the interspecies membrane. C1 [Kingston, Sarah E.; Braun, Michael J.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Kingston, Sarah E.; Braun, Michael J.] Univ Maryland, Program Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jernigan, Robert W.] American Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Fagan, William F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Braun, David] Plateau Land & Wildlife Management, Dripping Springs, TX 78620 USA. RP Kingston, SE (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, MRC 534,4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM kingstons@si.edu FU University of Maryland Program in Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics; Smithsonian Institution Science Endowments Program; NSF [DEB0228675, DEB0733029]; Smithsonian Ornithology FX Funding provided by University of Maryland Program in Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Smithsonian Ornithology, and Smithsonian Institution Science Endowments Program. NSF grants DEB0228675 and DEB0733029 and the NMNH Frontiers in Phylogenetics Program provided research assistantships. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 2 IS 11 BP 2737 EP 2748 DI 10.1002/ece3.375 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 055XX UT WOS:000312452400009 PM 23170209 ER PT J AU Driscoll, CT Chen, CY Hammerschmidt, CR Mason, RP Gilmour, CC Sunderland, EM Greenfield, BK Buckman, KL Lamborg, CH AF Driscoll, Charles T. Chen, Celia Y. Hammerschmidt, Chad R. Mason, Robert P. Gilmour, Cynthia C. Sunderland, Elsie M. Greenfield, Ben K. Buckman, Kate L. Lamborg, Carl H. TI Nutrient supply and mercury dynamics in marine ecosystems: A conceptual model SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Eutrophication; Coastal ecosystems; Marine ecosystems; Mercury; Nitrogen; Nutrients ID LONG-ISLAND SOUND; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION; SEDIMENT-WATER EXCHANGE; YORK/NEW-JERSEY HARBOR; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; COASTAL WATERS AB There is increasing interest and concern over the impacts of mercury (Hg) inputs to marine ecosystems. One of the challenges in assessing these effects is that the cycling and trophic transfer of Hg are strongly linked to other contaminants and disturbances. In addition to Hg, a major problem facing coastal waters is the impacts of elevated nutrient, particularly nitrogen (N), inputs. Increases in nutrient loading alter coastal ecosystems in ways that should change the transport, transformations and fate of Hg, including increases in fixation of organic carbon and deposition to sediments, decreases in the redox status of sediments and changes in fish habitat. In this paper we present a conceptual model which suggests that increases in loading of reactive N to marine ecosystems might alter Hg dynamics, decreasing bioavailabilty and trophic transfer. This conceptual model is most applicable to coastal waters, but may also be relevant to the pelagic ocean. We present information from case studies that both support and challenge this conceptual model, including marine observations across a nutrient gradient; results of a nutrient-trophic transfer Hg model for pelagic and coastal ecosystems; obseivations of Hg species, and nutrients from coastal sediments in the northeastern U.S.; and an analysis of fish Hg concentrations in estuaries under different nutrient loadings. These case studies suggest that changes in nutrient loading can impact Hg dynamics in coastal and open ocean ecosystems. Unfortunately none of the case studies is comprehensive; each only addresses a portion of the conceptual model and has limitations. Nevertheless, our conceptual model has important management implications. Many estuaries near developed areas are impaired due to elevated nutrient inputs. Widespread efforts are underway to control N loading and restore coastal ecosystem function. An unintended consequence of nutrient control measures could be to exacerbate problems associated with Hg contamination. Additional focused research and monitoring are needed to critically examine the link between nutrient supply and Hg contamination of marine waters. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Driscoll, Charles T.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Chen, Celia Y.; Buckman, Kate L.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Hammerschmidt, Chad R.] Wright State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Mason, Robert P.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Gilmour, Cynthia C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Sunderland, Elsie M.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Greenfield, Ben K.] San Francisco Estuary Inst, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Lamborg, Carl H.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Driscoll, CT (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM ctdrisco@syr.edu; Celia.Y.Chen@Dartmouth.edu; chad.hammerschmidt@wright.edu; robert.mason@uconn.edu; gilmourc@si.edu; elsie_sunderland@harvard.edu; bengreenfield@berkeley.edu; Kate.L.Buckman@Dartmouth.edu; clamborg@whoi.edu RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; Hammerschmidt, Chad/M-3139-2014; Greenfield, Ben/A-2029-2015; Sunderland, Elsie/D-5511-2014; Gilmour, Cynthia/G-1784-2010 OI Greenfield, Ben/0000-0003-1038-7635; Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890; Sunderland, Elsie/0000-0003-0386-9548; Gilmour, Cynthia/0000-0002-1720-9498 FU NIH from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42 ES007373]; York State Energy Research and Development Authority; U.S. National Science Foundation; Hudson River Foundation; US EPA STAR FX This publication was made possible by NIH Grant Number P42 ES007373 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (to CC and RM). Support also was provided by New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (to CTD), the U.S. National Science Foundation (to CRH, and to RM and CG), and the Hudson River Foundation (to RM). The Regional Monitoring Program in San Francisco Bay and the US EPA STAR Fellowship Program (BG). We thank D. Slotton and S. Ayers for field sample collection and mercury analysis in South San Francisco Bay and L. McKee for reviewing portions of the manuscript. We thank P. Balcolm, M. Montesdeoca, I Allen, K.F. Lambert, R. Chemerys, S. Reems, K. Driscoll and M. Hale for their help with this analysis and paper. NR 103 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 109 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 EI 1096-0953 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 119 SI SI BP 118 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2012.05.002 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 054NV UT WOS:000312351400009 PM 22749872 ER PT J AU Reddy, V Le Corre, L O'Brien, DP Nathues, A Cloutis, EA Durda, DD Bottke, WF Bhatt, MU Nesvorny, D Buczkowski, D Scully, JEC Palmer, EM Sierks, H Mann, PJ Becker, KJ Beck, AW Mittlefehldt, D Li, JY Gaskell, R Russell, CT Gaffey, MJ McSween, HY McCord, TB Combe, JP Blewett, D AF Reddy, Vishnu Le Corre, Lucille O'Brien, David P. Nathues, Andreas Cloutis, Edward A. Durda, Daniel D. Bottke, William F. Bhatt, Megha U. Nesvorny, David Buczkowski, Debra Scully, Jennifer E. C. Palmer, Elizabeth M. Sierks, Holger Mann, Paul J. Becker, Kris J. Beck, Andrew W. Mittlefehldt, David Li, Jian-Yang Gaskell, Robert Russell, Christopher T. Gaffey, Michael J. McSween, Harry Y. McCord, Thomas B. Combe, Jean-Philippe Blewett, David TI Delivery of dark material to Vesta via carbonaceous chondritic impacts SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Asteroid Vesta; Asteroids, Composition; Mineralogy; Spectroscopy ID ASTEROID 4 VESTA; SOLAR-SYSTEM; EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS; PARENT BODY; ORIGIN; SURFACE; HETEROGENEITY; MINERALOGY; 4-VESTA; CLASTS AB NASA's Dawn spacecraft observations of Asteroid (4) Vesta reveal a surface with the highest albedo and color variation of any asteroid we have observed so far. Terrains rich in low albedo dark material (DM) have been identified using Dawn Framing Camera (FC) 0.75 mu m filter images in several geologic settings: associated with impact craters (in the ejecta blanket material and/or on the crater walls and rims); as flow-like deposits or rays commonly associated with topographic highs; and as dark spots (likely secondary impacts) nearby impact craters. This DM could be a relic of ancient volcanic activity or exogenic in origin. We report that the majority of the spectra of DM are similar to carbonaceous chondrite meteorites mixed with materials indigenous to Vesta. Using high-resolution seven color images we compared DM color properties (albedo, band depth) with laboratory measurements of possible analog materials. Band depth and albedo of DM are identical to those of carbonaceous chondrite xenolith-rich howardite Mt. Pratt (PRA) 04401: Laboratory mixtures of Murchison CM2 carbonaceous chondrite and basaltic eucrite Millbillillie also show band depth and albedo affinity to DM. Modeling of carbonaceous chondrite abundance in DM (1-6 vol.%) is consistent with howardite meteorites. We find no evidence for large-scale volcanism (exposed dikes/pyroclastic falls) as the source of DM. Our modeling efforts using impact crater scaling laws and numerical models of ejecta reaccretion suggest the delivery and emplacement of this DM on Vesta during the formation of the similar to 400 km Veneneia basin by a low-velocity (<2 km/s) carbonaceous impactor. This discovery is important because it strengthens the long-held idea that primitive bodies are the source of carbon and probably volatiles in the early Solar System. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Reddy, Vishnu; Le Corre, Lucille; Nathues, Andreas; Bhatt, Megha U.; Sierks, Holger] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Reddy, Vishnu; Gaffey, Michael J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Space Studies, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [O'Brien, David P.; Gaskell, Robert] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Cloutis, Edward A.; Mann, Paul J.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Geog, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Durda, Daniel D.; Bottke, William F.; Nesvorny, David] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Buczkowski, Debra; Blewett, David] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Scully, Jennifer E. C.; Palmer, Elizabeth M.; Russell, Christopher T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Becker, Kris J.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Beck, Andrew W.] Smithsonian Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Mittlefehldt, David] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res Off, Houston, TX USA. [Li, Jian-Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McSween, Harry Y.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. [McCord, Thomas B.; Combe, Jean-Philippe] Bear Fight Inst, Winthrop, WA USA. RP Reddy, V (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. EM reddy@mps.mpg.de RI Blewett, David/I-4904-2012; Beck, Andrew/J-7215-2015; OI Le Corre, Lucille/0000-0003-0349-7932; Blewett, David/0000-0002-9241-6358; Beck, Andrew/0000-0003-4455-2299; Reddy, Vishnu/0000-0002-7743-3491 FU Max Planck Society; German Space Agency, DLR; Dawn at Vesta Participating Scientist Program [NNX10AR22G]; CFI; MRIF; CSA; University of Winnipeg FX We thank the Dawn team for the development, cruise, orbital insertion, and operations of the Dawn spacecraft at Vesta. The Framing Camera project is financially supported by the Max Planck Society and the German Space Agency, DLR. We also thank the Dawn at Vesta Participating Scientist Program (NNX10AR22G) for funding the research. Dawn data is archived with the NASA Planetary Data System. EAC thanks CFI, MRIF, CSA, and the University of Winnipeg for support of this project and the necessary infrastructure. We thank Paul Buchanan (Kilgore College) and Tom Burbine (Mt Holyoke College) for their helpful reviews to improve the manuscript. VR would like to thank Richard Binzel (MIT), Rhiannon Mayne (TCU), and Guneshwar Thangjam (MPS) for their helpful suggestions to improve the manuscript. NR 61 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 221 IS 2 BP 544 EP 559 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.08.011 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 055RL UT WOS:000312434300007 ER PT J AU Zsom, A Kaltenegger, L Goldblatt, C AF Zsom, Andras Kaltenegger, Lisa Goldblatt, Colin TI A 1D microphysical cloud model for Earth, and Earth-like exoplanets: Liquid water and water ice clouds in the convective troposphere SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Extrasolar planets; Earth; Atmospheres, Structure ID CIRRUS CLOUDS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SULFUR ISOTOPES; HABITABLE ZONES; PLANETS; ATMOSPHERES; EVOLUTION; SURFACE; PRECIPITATION AB One significant difference between the atmospheres of stars and exoplanets is the presence of condensed particles (clouds or hazes) in the atmosphere of the latter. In current 10 models clouds and hazes are treated in an approximate way by raising the surface albedo, or adopting measured Earth cloud properties. The former method introduces errors to the modeled spectra of the exoplanet, as clouds shield the lower atmosphere and thus modify the spectral features. The latter method works only for an exact Earth-analog, but it is challenging to extend to other planets. The main goal of this paper is to develop a self-consistent microphysical cloud model for 1D atmospheric codes, which can reproduce some observed properties of Earth, such as the average albedo, surface temperature, and global energy budget. The cloud model is designed to be computationally efficient, simple to implement, and applicable for a wide range of atmospheric parameters for planets in the habitable zone. We use a 1D, cloud-free, radiative-convective, and photochemical equilibrium code originally developed by Kasting, Pavlov, Segura, and collaborators as basis for our cloudy atmosphere model. The cloud model is based on models used by the meteorology community for Earth's clouds. The free parameters of the model are the relative humidity and number density of condensation nuclei, and the precipitation efficiency. In a ID model, the cloud coverage cannot be self-consistently determined, thus we treat it as a free parameter. We apply this model to Earth (aerosol number density 100 cm(-3), relative humidity 77%, liquid cloud fraction 40%, and ice cloud fraction 25%) and find that a precipitation efficiency of 0.8 is needed to reproduce the albedo, average surface temperature and global energy budget of Earth. We perform simulations to determine how the albedo and the climate of a planet is influenced by the free parameters of the cloud model. We find that the planetary climate is most sensitive to changes in the liquid water cloud fraction and precipitation efficiency. The advantage of our cloud model is that the cloud height and the droplet sizes are self-consistently calculated, both of which influence the climate and albedo of exoplanets. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zsom, Andras; Kaltenegger, Lisa] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Kaltenegger, Lisa] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Goldblatt, Colin] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. RP Zsom, A (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM zsom@mpia.de NR 62 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 221 IS 2 BP 603 EP 616 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.08.028 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 055RL UT WOS:000312434300011 ER PT J AU Balme, MR Pathare, A Metzger, SM Towner, MC Lewis, SR Spiga, A Fenton, LK Renno, NO Elliott, HM Saca, FA Michaels, TI Russell, P Verdasca, J AF Balme, M. R. Pathare, A. Metzger, S. M. Towner, M. C. Lewis, S. R. Spiga, A. Fenton, L. K. Renno, N. O. Elliott, H. M. Saca, F. A. Michaels, T. I. Russell, P. Verdasca, J. TI Field measurements of horizontal forward motion velocities of terrestrial dust devils: Towards a proxy for ambient winds on Mars and Earth SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, Atmosphere; Earth; Mars ID RESOLUTION STEREO CAMERA; ORBITER CAMERA; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PATHFINDER; VORTICES; SURFACE; SPEEDS AB Dust devils - convective vortices made visible by the dust and debris they entrain - are common in arid environments and have been observed on Earth and Mars. Martian dust devils have been identified both in images taken at the surface and in remote sensing observations from orbiting spacecraft. Observations from landing craft and orbiting instruments have allowed the dust devil translational forward motion (ground velocity) to be calculated, but it is unclear how these velocities relate to the local ambient wind conditions, for (i) only model wind speeds are generally available for Mars, and (ii) on Earth only anecdotal evidence exists that compares dust devil ground velocity with ambient wind velocity. If dust devil ground velocity can be reliably correlated to the ambient wind regime, observations of dust devils could provide a proxy for wind speed and direction measurements on Mars. Hence, dust devil ground velocities could be used to probe the circulation of the martian boundary layer and help constrain climate models or assess the safety of future landing sites. We present results from a field study of terrestrial dust devils performed in the southwest USA in which we measured dust devil horizontal velocity as a function of ambient wind velocity. We acquired stereo images of more than a 100 active dust devils and recorded multiple size and position measurements for each dust devil. We used these data to calculate dust devil translational velocity. The dust devils were within a study area bounded by 10 m high meteorology towers such that dust devil speed and direction could be correlated with the local ambient wind speed and direction measurements. Daily (10:00-16:00 local time) and 2-h averaged dust devil ground speeds correlate well with ambient wind speeds averaged over the same period. Unsurprisingly, individual measurements of dust devil ground speed match instantaneous measurements of ambient wind speed more poorly; a 20-min smoothing window applied to the ambient wind speed data improves the correlation. In general, dust devils travel 10-20% faster than ambient wind speed measured at 10 m height, suggesting that their ground speeds are representative of the boundary layer winds a few tens of meters above ground level. Dust devil ground motion direction closely matches the measured ambient wind direction. The link between ambient winds and dust devil ground velocity demonstrated here suggests that a similar one should apply on Mars. Determining the details of the martian relationship between dust devil ground velocity and ambient wind velocity might require new in situ or modelling studies but, if completed successfully, would provide a quantitative means of measuring wind velocities on Mars that would otherwise be impossible to obtain. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Balme, M. R.; Pathare, A.; Metzger, S. M.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Balme, M. R.; Lewis, S. R.] Open Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Towner, M. C.] Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Appl Geol, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Spiga, A.] Univ Paris 06, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. [Fenton, L. K.] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Renno, N. O.; Elliott, H. M.; Saca, F. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Michaels, T. I.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Russell, P.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Verdasca, J.] Inst Nacl Tecn Aeroespacial, Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, Madrid 28850, Spain. RP Balme, MR (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell Rd,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM mbalme@psi.edu RI Spiga, Aymeric/O-4858-2014; OI Spiga, Aymeric/0000-0002-6776-6268; Balme, Matthew/0000-0001-5871-7475; Lewis, Stephen/0000-0001-7237-6494 FU NASA Mars Fundamental Research Programme [NNX08AP32G] FX This work was funded by the NASA Mars Fundamental Research Programme, Grant No. NNX08AP32G. This is Planetary Science Institute contribution number 596. We thank Patrick Whelley and Dennis Reiss for instructive reviews that helped to improve the paper. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 221 IS 2 BP 632 EP 645 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.08.021 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 055RL UT WOS:000312434300014 ER PT J AU Pawlowski, J Audic, S Adl, S Bass, D Belbahri, L Berney, C Bowser, SS Cepicka, I Decelle, J Dunthorn, M Fiore-Donno, AM Gile, GH Holzmann, M Jahn, R Jirku, M Keeling, PJ Kostka, M Kudryavtsev, A Lara, E Lukes, J Mann, DG Mitchell, EAD Nitsche, F Romeralo, M Saunders, GW Simpson, AGB Smirnov, AV Spouge, JL Stern, RF Stoeck, T Zimmermann, J Schindel, D de Vargas, C AF Pawlowski, Jan Audic, Stephane Adl, Sina Bass, David Belbahri, Lassaad Berney, Cedric Bowser, Samuel S. Cepicka, Ivan Decelle, Johan Dunthorn, Micah Fiore-Donno, Anna Maria Gile, Gillian H. Holzmann, Maria Jahn, Regine Jirku, Miloslav Keeling, Patrick J. Kostka, Martin Kudryavtsev, Alexander Lara, Enrique Lukes, Julius Mann, David G. Mitchell, Edward A. D. Nitsche, Frank Romeralo, Maria Saunders, Gary W. Simpson, Alastair G. B. Smirnov, Alexey V. Spouge, John L. Stern, Rowena F. Stoeck, Thorsten Zimmermann, Jonas Schindel, David de Vargas, Colomban TI CBOL Protist Working Group: Barcoding Eukaryotic Richness beyond the Animal, Plant, and Fungal Kingdoms SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; DNA BARCODE; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; GENETIC-VARIATION; RDNA SEQUENCES; DIVERSITY; DIATOMS; RBCL; MACROALGAE C1 [Pawlowski, Jan; Holzmann, Maria; Kudryavtsev, Alexander] Univ Geneva, Dept Genet & Evolut, Geneva, Switzerland. [Audic, Stephane; Decelle, Johan; de Vargas, Colomban] Univ Paris 06, Stn Biol Roscoff, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Audic, Stephane; Decelle, Johan; de Vargas, Colomban] CNRS, Unite Mixte Rech 7144, F-75700 Paris, France. [Adl, Sina] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Bass, David; Berney, Cedric] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 5BD, England. [Belbahri, Lassaad; Lara, Enrique; Mitchell, Edward A. D.] Univ Neuchatel, Lab Soil Biol, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Bowser, Samuel S.] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. [Cepicka, Ivan] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Zool, Prague, Czech Republic. [Dunthorn, Micah; Stoeck, Thorsten] Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Ecol, Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Fiore-Donno, Anna Maria] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, Greifswald, Germany. [Gile, Gillian H.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Jahn, Regine; Zimmermann, Jonas] Free Univ Berlin, Bot Garten, Berlin, Germany. [Jahn, Regine; Zimmermann, Jonas] Free Univ Berlin, Bot Museum Berlin Dahlem, Berlin, Germany. [Jirku, Miloslav; Kostka, Martin; Lukes, Julius] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Parasitol, Ctr Biol, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Keeling, Patrick J.] Univ British Columbia, Canadian Inst Adv Res, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Kostka, Martin; Lukes, Julius] Univ S Bohemia, Fac Sci, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Kudryavtsev, Alexander; Smirnov, Alexey V.] St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Invertebrate Zool, St Petersburg, Russia. [Mann, David G.] Royal Bot Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Nitsche, Frank] Univ Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. [Romeralo, Maria] Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Systemat Biol, Uppsala, Sweden. [Saunders, Gary W.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E1, Canada. [Simpson, Alastair G. B.] Life Sci Ctr, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Spouge, John L.] NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Computat Biol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Stern, Rowena F.] Sir Alister Hardy Fdn Ocean Sci, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Zimmermann, Jonas] Univ Giessen, Giessen, Germany. [Schindel, David] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Pawlowski, J (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Dept Genet & Evolut, Geneva, Switzerland. EM Jan.Pawlowski@unige.ch; vargas@sb-roscoff.fr RI Mitchell, Edward/B-7259-2013; Saunders, Gary/D-8767-2014; Jirku, Miloslav/G-7823-2014; Mann, David/I-9018-2014; Kostka, Martin/G-9770-2014; Lukes, Julius/H-6760-2012; Smirnov, Alexey/K-3743-2013; Kudryavtsev, Alexander/J-2921-2013; Adl, Sina/R-3187-2016 OI Audic, Stephane/0000-0001-6193-4374; Simpson, Alastair/0000-0002-4133-1709; Pawlowski, Jan/0000-0003-2421-388X; Lara, Enrique/0000-0001-8500-522X; Berney, Cedric/0000-0001-8689-9907; Mitchell, Edward/0000-0003-0358-506X; Saunders, Gary/0000-0003-4813-6831; Mann, David/0000-0003-0522-6802; Lukes, Julius/0000-0002-0578-6618; Smirnov, Alexey/0000-0002-9844-5344; Kudryavtsev, Alexander/0000-0002-3818-3610; FU Consortium for the Barcoding of Life; European ERA-net program BiodivErsA under the BioMarKs project; French ANR project [09-BLAN-0348 POSEIDON]; Swiss National Science Foundation [31003A-140766] FX The initial phase of the Protist Working Group activities presented in this paper were supported by the Consortium for the Barcoding of Life, the European ERA-net program BiodivErsA, under the BioMarKs project, the French ANR project 09-BLAN-0348 POSEIDON, and the Swiss National Science Foundation 31003A-140766. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 120 Z9 124 U1 4 U2 135 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1545-7885 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 10 IS 11 AR e1001419 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001419 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 048CR UT WOS:000311888300002 PM 23139639 ER PT J AU de Gasperin, F Orru, E Murgia, M Merloni, A Falcke, H Beck, R Beswick, R Birzan, L Bonafede, A Bruggen, M Brunetti, G Chyzy, K Conway, J Croston, JH Ensslin, T Ferrari, C Heald, G Heidenreich, S Jackson, N Macario, G McKean, J Miley, G Morganti, R Offringa, A Pizzo, R Rafferty, D Rottgering, H Shulevski, A Steinmetz, M Tasse, C van der Tol, S van Driel, W van Weeren, RJ van Zwieten, JE Alexov, A Anderson, J Asgekar, A Avruch, M Bell, M Bell, MR Bentum, M Bernardi, G Best, P Breitling, F Broderick, JW Butcher, A Ciardi, B Dettmar, RJ Eisloeffel, J Frieswijk, W Gankema, H Garrett, M Gerbers, M Griessmeier, JM Gunst, AW Hassall, TE Hessels, J Hoeft, M Horneffer, A Karastergiou, A Kohler, J Koopman, Y Kuniyoshi, M Kuper, G Maat, P Mann, G Mevius, M Mulcahy, DD Munk, H Nijboer, R Noordam, J Paas, H Pandey, M Pandey, VN Polatidis, A Reich, W Schoenmakers, AP Sluman, J Smirnov, O Sobey, C Stappers, B Swinbank, J Tagger, M Tang, Y van Bemmel, I van Cappellen, W van Duin, AP van Haarlem, M van Leeuwen, J Vermeulen, R Vocks, C White, S Wise, M Wucknitz, O Zarka, P AF de Gasperin, F. Orru, E. Murgia, M. Merloni, A. Falcke, H. Beck, R. Beswick, R. Birzan, L. Bonafede, A. Brueggen, M. Brunetti, G. Chyzy, K. Conway, J. Croston, J. H. Ensslin, T. Ferrari, C. Heald, G. Heidenreich, S. Jackson, N. Macario, G. McKean, J. Miley, G. Morganti, R. Offringa, A. Pizzo, R. Rafferty, D. Rottgering, H. Shulevski, A. Steinmetz, M. Tasse, C. van der Tol, S. van Driel, W. van Weeren, R. J. van Zwieten, J. E. Alexov, A. Anderson, J. Asgekar, A. Avruch, M. Bell, M. Bell, M. R. Bentum, M. Bernardi, G. Best, P. Breitling, F. Broderick, J. W. Butcher, A. Ciardi, B. Dettmar, R. J. Eisloeffel, J. Frieswijk, W. Gankema, H. Garrett, M. Gerbers, M. Griessmeier, J. M. Gunst, A. W. Hassall, T. E. Hessels, J. Hoeft, M. Horneffer, A. Karastergiou, A. Koehler, J. Koopman, Y. Kuniyoshi, M. Kuper, G. Maat, P. Mann, G. Mevius, M. Mulcahy, D. D. Munk, H. Nijboer, R. Noordam, J. Paas, H. Pandey, M. Pandey, V. N. Polatidis, A. Reich, W. Schoenmakers, A. P. Sluman, J. Smirnov, O. Sobey, C. Stappers, B. Swinbank, J. Tagger, M. Tang, Y. van Bemmel, I. van Cappellen, W. van Duin, A. P. van Haarlem, M. van Leeuwen, J. Vermeulen, R. Vocks, C. White, S. Wise, M. Wucknitz, O. Zarka, P. TI M 87 at metre wavelengths: the LOFAR picture SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; galaxies: active; galaxies: individual: M 87; galaxies: clusters: individual: Virgo; galaxies: jets; radio continuum: galaxies ID ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS; EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY; M87 JET; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; MATTER CONTENT; VIRGO CLUSTER; BLACK-HOLE AB Context. M87 is a giant elliptical galaxy located in the centre of the Virgo cluster, which harbours a supermassive black hole of mass 6.4x10(9) M-circle dot, whose activity is responsible for the extended (80 kpc) radio lobes that surround the galaxy. The energy generated by matter falling onto the central black hole is ejected and transferred to the intra-cluster medium via a relativistic jet and morphologically complex systems of buoyant bubbles, which rise towards the edges of the extended halo. Aims. To place constraints on past activity cycles of the active nucleus, images of M 87 were produced at low radio frequencies never explored before at these high spatial resolution and dynamic range. To disentangle different synchrotron models and place constraints on source magnetic field, age and energetics, we also performed a detailed spectral analysis of M 87 extended radio-halo. Methods. We present the first observations made with the new Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) of M 87 at frequencies down to 20 MHz. Three observations were conducted, at 15-30 MHz, 30-77 MHz and 116-162 MHz. We used these observations together with archival data to produce a low-frequency spectral index map and to perform a spectral analysis in the wide frequency range 30 MHz-10 GHz. Results. We do not find any sign of new extended emissions; on the contrary the source appears well confined by the high pressure of the intra-cluster medium. A continuous injection of relativistic electrons is the model that best fits our data, and provides a scenario in which the lobes are still supplied by fresh relativistic particles from the active galactic nuclei. We suggest that the discrepancy between the low-frequency radio-spectral slope in the core and in the halo implies a strong adiabatic expansion of the plasma as soon as it leaves the core area. The extended halo has an equipartition magnetic field strength of similar or equal to 10 mu G, which increases to similar or equal to 13 mu G in the zones where the particle flows are more active. The continuous injection model for synchrotron ageing provides an age for the halo of similar or equal to 40 Myr, which in turn provides a jet kinetic power of 6-10 x 10(44) erg s(-1). C1 [de Gasperin, F.; Ensslin, T.; Bell, M. R.; Ciardi, B.; White, S.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [de Gasperin, F.; Merloni, A.] Exzellenzcluster Universe, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Orru, E.; Falcke, H.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Merloni, A.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Orru, E.; Falcke, H.; Heald, G.; McKean, J.; Morganti, R.; Pizzo, R.; van Weeren, R. J.; van Zwieten, J. E.; Asgekar, A.; Bentum, M.; Butcher, A.; Frieswijk, W.; Garrett, M.; Gerbers, M.; Griessmeier, J. M.; Gunst, A. W.; Hessels, J.; Koopman, Y.; Kuper, G.; Maat, P.; Mevius, M.; Munk, H.; Nijboer, R.; Noordam, J.; Pandey, V. N.; Polatidis, A.; Schoenmakers, A. P.; Sluman, J.; Smirnov, O.; Tang, Y.; van Bemmel, I.; van Cappellen, W.; van Duin, A. P.; van Haarlem, M.; van Leeuwen, J.; Vermeulen, R.; Wise, M.] ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Morganti, R.; Offringa, A.; Shulevski, A.; Avruch, M.; Bernardi, G.; Gankema, H.; Paas, H.; Pandey, V. N.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Birzan, L.; Miley, G.; Rafferty, D.; Rottgering, H.; van der Tol, S.; van Weeren, R. J.; Pandey, M.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Bonafede, A.; Brueggen, M.] Jacobs Univ Bremen, D-28759 Bremen, Germany. [Ferrari, C.; Macario, G.] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observ Cote Azur, Lab Lagrange,UMR 7293, F-06300 Nice, France. [Beswick, R.; Jackson, N.; Hassall, T. E.; Stappers, B.] Univ Manchester, Ctr Astrophys, Jodrell Bank, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Tasse, C.; van Driel, W.; Zarka, P.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris, GEPI, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Murgia, M.] Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, INAF, I-09012 Capoterra, CA, Italy. [Falcke, H.; Beck, R.; Anderson, J.; Horneffer, A.; Koehler, J.; Kuniyoshi, M.; Mulcahy, D. D.; Reich, W.; Sobey, C.; Wucknitz, O.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Conway, J.] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Onsala Space Observ, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden. [Brunetti, G.] Ist Radioastron, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Chyzy, K.] Jagiellonian Univ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Croston, J. H.; Heidenreich, S.; Bell, M.; Broderick, J. W.; Hassall, T. E.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1SJ, Hants, England. [Steinmetz, M.; Breitling, F.; Mann, G.; Vocks, C.] Leibniz Inst Astrophys Potsdam AIP, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. [Alexov, A.; Swinbank, J.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Avruch, M.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Bell, M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Bernardi, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Best, P.] Royal Observ, Inst Astron, SUPA, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Bonafede, A.; Brueggen, M.] Univ Hamburg, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. [Butcher, A.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Mt Stromlo Observ, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Dettmar, R. J.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Astron Inst, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Eisloeffel, J.; Hoeft, M.] Thuringer Landessternwarte, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. [Griessmeier, J. M.; Tagger, M.] CNRS, UMR 7328, LPC2E, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Karastergiou, A.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Pandey, M.] Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69561 St Genis Laval, France. [Smirnov, O.] Rhodes Univ, Dept Phys & Elect, Ctr Radio Astron Tech & Technol RATT, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. RP de Gasperin, F (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85741 Garching, Germany. EM fdg@mpa-garching.mpg.de RI Falcke, Heino/H-5262-2012; Tagger, Michel/O-6615-2014; Shulevski, Aleksandar/E-5591-2015; Ciardi, Benedetta/N-7625-2015; OI Falcke, Heino/0000-0002-2526-6724; Tagger, Michel/0000-0003-2962-3220; Shulevski, Aleksandar/0000-0002-1827-0469; Swinbank, John/0000-0001-9445-1846; Brunetti, Gianfranco/0000-0003-4195-8613; Murgia, Matteo/0000-0002-4800-0806; de Gasperin, Francesco/0000-0003-4439-2627; van Weeren, Reinout/0000-0002-0587-1660 FU Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-09-JCJC-0001] FX The authors wish to thank Eugene Churazov and Hans Bohringer for many interesting discussions, Frazer Owen for providing the 325 MHz map and Helge Rottmann for providing the 10.55 GHz map. LOFAR, the Low-Frequency Array designed and constructed by ASTRON, has facilities in several countries, that are owned by various parties (each with their own funding sources), and that are collectively operated by the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) foundation under a joint scientific policy. C. Ferrari and G. Macario acknowledge financial support by the "Agence Nationale de la Recherche" through grant ANR-09-JCJC-0001. NR 78 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 547 AR A56 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201220209 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 036MZ UT WOS:000311031700056 ER PT J AU Tang, YW Guilloteau, S Pietu, V Dutrey, A Ohashi, N Ho, PTP AF Tang, Y. -Wen Guilloteau, S. Pietu, V. Dutrey, A. Ohashi, N. Ho, P. T. P. TI The circumstellar disk of AB Aurigae: evidence for envelope accretion at late stages of star formation? SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE protoplanetary disks; stars: formation; stars: individual: AB Aurigae; planet-disk interactions ID HERBIG AE/BE STARS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; SPIRAL STRUCTURE; INNER DISKS; PLANET; DUST; TAURI; AE; INSTABILITY AB Aims. The circumstellar disk of AB Aurigae has garnered strong attention owing to the apparent existence of spirals at a relatively young stage and also the asymmetric disk traced in thermal dust emission. However, the physical conditions of the spirals are still not well understood. The origin of the asymmetric thermal emission is unclear. Methods. We observed the disk at 230 GHz (1.3 mm) in both the continuum and the spectral line (CO)-C-12 J = 2 -> 1 with IRAM 30-m, the Plateau de Bure interferometer, and the SubMillimeter Array to sample all spatial scales from 0 ''.37 to about 50 ''. To combine the data obtained from these telescopes, several methods and calibration issues were checked and discussed. Results. The 1.3 mm continuum (dust) emission is resolved into inner disk and outer ring. The emission from the dust ring is highly asymmetric in azimuth, with intensity variations by a factor 3. Molecular gas at high velocities traced by the CO line is detected next to the stellar location. The inclination angle of the disk is found to decrease toward the center. On a larger scale, based on the intensity weighted dispersion and the integrated intensity map of (CO)-C-12 J = 2 -> 1, four spirals are identified, where two of them are also detected in the near infrared. The total gas mass of the 4 spirals (M-spiral) is 10(-7) < M-spiral < 10(-5) M-circle dot, which is 3 orders of magnitude smaller than the mass of the gas ring. Surprisingly, the CO gas inside the spiral is apparently counter-rotating with respect to the CO disk, and it only exhibits small radial motion. Conclusions. The wide gap, the warped disk, and the asymmetric dust ring suggest that there is an undetected companion with a mass of 0.03 M-circle dot at a radius of 45 AU. The different spirals would, however, require multiple perturbing bodies. While viable from an energetic point of view, this mechanism cannot explain the apparent counter-rotation of the gas in the spirals. Although an hypothetical fly-by cannot be ruled out, the most likely explanation of the AB Aurigae system may be inhomogeneous accretion well above or below the main disk plane from the remnant envelope, which can explain both the rotation and large-scale motions detected with the 30-m image. C1 [Tang, Y. -Wen; Guilloteau, S.; Dutrey, A.] Univ Bordeaux, Observ Aquitain Sci Univers, F-33271 Floirac, France. [Tang, Y. -Wen; Guilloteau, S.; Dutrey, A.] CNRS, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, UMR 5804, F-33271 Floirac, France. [Tang, Y. -Wen; Ohashi, N.; Ho, P. T. P.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei, Taiwan. [Pietu, V.] IRAM, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. [Ohashi, N.] Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Ho, P. T. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Tang, YW (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux, Observ Aquitain Sci Univers, 2 Rue Observ,BP 89, F-33271 Floirac, France. EM tang@obs.u-bordeaux1.fr FU INSU/CNRS (France); MPG (Germany); IGN (Spain); Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica; NSC [NSC99-2119-M-001-002-MY4, NSC98-2119-M-001-024-MY4]; "Programme National de Physique Stellaire" (PNPS); "Programme National de Physique Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire" (PCMI) from INSU/CNRS FX Based on observations carried out with the IRAM 30-m telescope and Plateau de Bure interferometer. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany), and IGN (Spain).; Based on observations carried out with the SubMillimeter Array (SMA). The SMA is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica.; We acknowledge the anonymous referee for the thorough comments that significantly helped to make the manuscript clearer. This research was supported by NSC grants NSC99-2119-M-001-002-MY4 and NSC98-2119-M-001-024-MY4. This work was supported by "Programme National de Physique Stellaire" (PNPS) and "Programme National de Physique Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire" (PCMI) from INSU/CNRS. NR 54 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 547 AR A84 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201219414 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 036MZ UT WOS:000311031700084 ER PT J AU Robertson, BA Rice, RA Sillett, TS Ribic, CA Babcock, BA Landis, DA Herkert, JR Fletcher, RJ Fontaine, JJ Doran, PJ Schemske, DW AF Robertson, Bruce A. Rice, Robert A. Sillett, T. Scott Ribic, Christine A. Babcock, Bruce A. Landis, Douglas A. Herkert, James R. Fletcher, Robert J., Jr. Fontaine, Joseph J. Doran, Patrick J. Schemske, Douglas W. TI ARE AGROFUELS A CONSERVATION THREAT OR OPPORTUNITY FOR GRASSLAND BIRDS IN THE UNITED STATES? SO CONDOR LA English DT Review DE biofuels; biodiversity; cellulosic ethanol; Conservation Reserve Program; prairie; switchgrass ID REED CANARY-GRASS; RESERVE PROGRAM; BIOMASS ENERGY; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES; HARVESTING SWITCHGRASS; FARMLAND BIODIVERSITY; PHALARIS-ARUNDINACEA; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; AREA SENSITIVITY; BREEDING BIRDS AB In the United States, government-mandated growth in the production of crops dedicated to bionic! (agrofuels) is predicted to increase the demands on existing agricultural lands, potentially threatening the persistence of populations of grassland birds they support. We review recently published literature and datasets to ( 1) examine the ability of alternative agrofuel crops and their management regimes to provide habitat for grassland birds, (2) determine how crop placement in agricultural landscapes and agrofuel-related land-use change will affect grassland birds, and (3) identify critical research and policy-development needs associated with agrofuel production. We find that native perennial plants proposed as feedstock for agrofuel (switchgrass, Panicum virgatum, and mixed grass-forb prairie) have considerable potential to provide new habitat to a wide range of grassland birds, including rare and threatened species. However, industrialization of agrofuel production that maximizes biomass, homogenizes vegetation structure, and results in the cultivation of small fields within largely forested landscapes is likely to reduce species richness and/or abundance of grassland-dependent birds. Realizing the potential benefits of agrofuel production for grassland birds' conservation will require the development of new policies that encourage agricultural practices specifically targeting the needs of grassland specialists. The broad array of grower-incentive programs in existence may deliver new agrofuel policies effectively but will require coordination at a spatial scale broader than currently practiced, preferably within an adaptive-management framework. C1 [Robertson, Bruce A.; Rice, Robert A.; Sillett, T. Scott] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Robertson, Bruce A.; Landis, Douglas A.; Schemske, Douglas W.] Michigan State Univ, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Robertson, Bruce A.] Bard Coll, Div Sci Math & Comp, Annandale On Hudson, NY 12504 USA. [Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Babcock, Bruce A.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Landis, Douglas A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Herkert, James R.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Fletcher, Robert J., Jr.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Fontaine, Joseph J.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Doran, Patrick J.] Nature Conservancy, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. RP Robertson, BA (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM broberts@bard.edu RI Fontaine, Joseph/F-6557-2010; OI Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-7639-9156; Fletcher, Robert/0000-0003-1717-5707 FU DOE Office of Science [DE-FC02-07ER64494]; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; U.S. National Science Foundation LTER program [DEB 1027253]; MSU AgBioResearch; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Migratory Bird Joint Ventures Midwest Region [30181AG045]; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Nature Conservancy's Great Lakes Fund FX Financial support for this work was provided by the DOE Office of Science (DE-FC02-07ER64494) and Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (DE-AC05-76RL01830), the U.S. National Science Foundation LTER program (DEB 1027253), MSU AgBioResearch, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Joint Ventures Midwest Region grant 30181AG045. Bruce Robertson was supported by a fellowship from the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute. Patrick Doran was supported by The Nature Conservancy's Great Lakes Fund for Partnership in Conservation Science and Economics. NR 75 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 58 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2012 VL 114 IS 4 BP 679 EP 688 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.110136 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 048AN UT WOS:000311882700001 ER PT J AU Ngoprasert, D Lynam, AJ Sukmasuang, R Tantipisanuh, N Chutipong, W Steinmetz, R Jenks, KE Gale, GA Grassman, LI Kitamura, S Howard, J Cutter, P Cutter, P Leimgruber, P Songsasen, N Reed, DH AF Ngoprasert, Dusit Lynam, Antony J. Sukmasuang, Ronglarp Tantipisanuh, Naruemon Chutipong, Wanlop Steinmetz, Robert Jenks, Kate E. Gale, George A. Grassman, Lon I., Jr. Kitamura, Shumpei Howard, JoGayle Cutter, Passanan Cutter, Peter Leimgruber, Peter Songsasen, Nucharin Reed, David H. TI Occurrence of Three Felids across a Network of Protected Areas in Thailand: Prey, Intraguild, and Habitat Associations SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE carnivore conservation; interspecific interactions; Neofelis nebulosa; Panthera pardus; Panthera tigris; species distribution models ID LEOPARD PANTHERA-PARDUS; YAI-NATIONAL-PARK; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; FOREST; SELECTION; MODELS; TIGERS; PREDATION; POPULATIONS AB Clouded Leopard, Leopard, and Tiger are threatened felids in Southeast Asia, but little is known about the factors influencing their distributions. Using logistic regression, we assessed how habitat variables, prey detection patterns, and presence of intraguild predators affect the occurrence of these felids across 13 protected areas within Thailand. Our analysis is based on data from 1108 camera-trap locations (47,613 trap-nights). Clouded Leopard and Leopard are associated with habitat where Red Muntjac and Eurasian Wild Pig were most likely to be present. Tiger are associated with habitat with a higher likelihood for the presence of Gaur, Eurasian Wild Pig, and Sambar. Clouded Leopard and Tiger were both weakly associated with areas with mature evergreen forest. Besides availability of prey, associations with potential competitors also appear to influence the distribution of these felids, although the strength of these effects requires further investigation. Occurrence rates for Clouded Leopard were no different in protected areas with Leopard versus without Leopards. Leopard had similar occurrence rates regardless of the presence of Tiger, but Leopards were less likely to be detected at the same camera-trap points with the larger felid. Our results suggest that the two most commonly photographed prey species in the study areas serve as key prey species, Eurasian Wild Pig for all three carnivores and Red Muntjac for Leopard and Clouded Leopard. C1 [Lynam, Antony J.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Global Conservat Program, Bronx, NY 10540 USA. [Ngoprasert, Dusit; Tantipisanuh, Naruemon; Chutipong, Wanlop; Gale, George A.] King Mongkuts Univ Technol, Conservat Ecol Program, Bangkok 10140, Thailand. [Sukmasuang, Ronglarp] Kasetsart Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Biol, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. [Steinmetz, Robert; Cutter, Peter] World Wide Fund Nat Thailand, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. [Jenks, Kate E.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Grassman, Lon I., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Feline Res Ctr, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Kitamura, Shumpei] Museum Nat & Human Activ, Sanda, Hyogo 6691546, Japan. [Howard, JoGayle; Leimgruber, Peter; Songsasen, Nucharin] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Cutter, Passanan] Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Reed, David H.] Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Lynam, AJ (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Global Conservat Program, 2300 So Blvd, Bronx, NY 10540 USA. EM tlynam@wcs.org RI Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015; OI Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153; Lynam, Antony/0000-0002-8395-7902 FU Clouded Leopard Project; TRF/BIOTEC Special Program for Biodiversity Research and Training Thailand; Kasetsart University; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Mahidol University Government Research Grant; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Hornbill Research Foundation; JSPS Research Fellowship; Wildlife Conservation Society Thailand; World Wide Fund for Nature-Thailand; WildAid Thailand FX This study is dedicated to the memory of JoGayle Howard and David Reed. We wish to thank the Clouded Leopard Project, TRF/BIOTEC Special Program for Biodiversity Research and Training Thailand, Kasetsart University, and the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute for providing funding for the initial conference that brought all the authors together to discuss collaboration. S. Kitamura was funded by the Mahidol University Government Research Grant, the National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, the Hornbill Research Foundation, and a JSPS Research Fellowship. We thank W. Duckworth and A. Wilting for their kind assistance in identifying the carnivores in our data set. We thank the Wildlife Conservation Society Thailand, World Wide Fund for Nature-Thailand, and WildAid Thailand for allowing participants to use data collected under their auspices. We also thank N. Bhumpakphan, R. Phoonjampa, S. Tanasarnpaiboon. and M. Pliwsungnoen for their assistance. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 9 U2 76 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD NOV PY 2012 VL 44 IS 6 BP 810 EP 817 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00878.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 032OS UT WOS:000310729200013 ER PT J AU Jenks, KE Howard, J Leimgruber, P AF Jenks, Kate E. Howard, JoGayle Leimgruber, Peter TI Do Ranger Stations Deter Poaching Activity in National Parks in Thailand? SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE camera-trapping; Khao Yai National Park; Maxent; poaching; spatial distribution model; wildlife monitoring ID CONSERVATION; CARNIVORE; FOREST; DISTRIBUTIONS; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY; MAXENT; ROADS; INDIA; AREA AB As protected areas become more accessible via transportation networks, fragmentation, and encroachment from the borders, carnivores in these areas frequently decline. To counter these pressures, patrolling and active wildlife enforcement are widely accepted as fundamental conservation strategies. Using the case example of Khao Yai National Park (KYNP) and data from a camera trap survey, we modeled and evaluated the effectiveness of ranger stations in reducing human access and illegal activities, and in increasing prey and predator presence. This type of data and analysis is needed to monitor and evaluate enforcement effectiveness and develop adaptive management strategies. At KYNP, we used camera-trapping data as a proxy to evaluate whether or not a positive impact of ranger stations on wildlife distribution could outweigh edge effects from human disturbance. We assessed factors affecting the distribution of poachers and wildlife using Maxent. Our analysis was based on 217 camera trap locations (6260 trap nights) and suggests that ungulates and poachers persist nearby ranger stations. Rangers should increase patrolling efforts of border areas; however, increasing wildlife patrolling in inaccessible areas with mobile range units may be more effective than establishing more ranger stations along park boundaries. C1 [Jenks, Kate E.; Howard, JoGayle; Leimgruber, Peter] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Jenks, Kate E.] Univ Massachusetts, Grad Programs Organism & Evolutionary Biol & Wild, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Jenks, KE (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Smithsonian Natl Zoological Pk,1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM kate@katejenks.info RI Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015 OI Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153 FU FREE-LAND; Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA); AZA Clouded Leopard Species Survival Plan; Friends of the National Zoo FX We are grateful to the Thailand Department of National Parks, Wildlife, and Plant Conservation as well as park superintendent Prawat Vohandee, and chief of KYNP research division, Prawatsart Chanteap, for facilitating our work. We also thank FREE-LAND, the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), the AZA Clouded Leopard Species Survival Plan, along with Friends of the National Zoo for financial support. For assistance with field work, many thanks to the rangers of KYNP, K. Damrongchainarong, P. Cutter, and N. Cutter. T. K. Fuller and three anonymous reviewers substantially improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD NOV PY 2012 VL 44 IS 6 BP 826 EP 833 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00869.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 032OS UT WOS:000310729200015 ER PT J AU Versteirt, V De Clercq, EM Fonseca, DM Pecor, J Schaffner, F Coosemans, M Van Bortel, W AF Versteirt, V. De Clercq, E. M. Fonseca, D. M. Pecor, J. Schaffner, F. Coosemans, M. Van Bortel, W. TI Bionomics of the Established Exotic Mosquito Species Aedes koreicus in Belgium, Europe SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes koreicus; exotic species; establishment; population dynamics; climate ID DIPTERA-CULICIDAE; DISEASE VECTOR; JAPONICUS; DISPERSAL; INVASIONS; CLASSIFICATION; OCHLEROTATUS; ALBOPICTUS; EVOLUTION; ECOLOGY AB Adults of an exotic mosquito, Aedes (Finlaya) koreicus (Edwards) (Diptera: Culicidae) were identified by morphology and genotyping from one site in Belgium in 2008. In late summer of that year, the occurrence of adults and immature stages reconfirmed its presence. This is the first record of this species outside its native range and in particular in Europe. Two subsites of the original location were prospected from April until October 2009 with different traps to evaluate the extent of its presence and establishment in the area and to understand the dynamics of the species' population. Next to Ae. koreicus, 15 other mosquito species were collected. Adult individuals of Ae. koreicus were found from May to September and larvae were still found early October. Larvae were mainly retrieved from artificial containers both in 2008 as in 2009. Containers with eggs and/or larvae were found up to 4 km away from the initial location, indicating the species is spreading locally. Though the introduction route is unknown, it may have occurred via international trade as a large industrial center was located nearby. A comparison of different climatic variables between locations in Belgium with Ae. koreicus and putative source locations in South Korea, revealed similarities between winter temperatures and the number of freezing days and nights in four consecutive years (2004-2008), while humidity and precipitation values differed strongly. The introduction of a new potential disease vector into Europe seems to be a result of proper entrance points, created by intense worldwide trade and suitable environmental conditions. C1 [Versteirt, V.; Coosemans, M.; Van Bortel, W.] Inst Trop Med, Dept Parasitol, Entomol Unit, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. [Versteirt, V.; De Clercq, E. M.; Schaffner, F.] Avia GIS, B-2980 Zoersel, Belgium. [Fonseca, D. M.] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Vector Biol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Fonseca, D. M.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Pecor, J.] Smithsonian Inst, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Museum Support Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Schaffner, F.] Univ Zurich, Inst Parasitol, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Coosemans, M.] Univ Antwerp, Fac Pharmaceut Vet & Biomed Sci, Dept Biomed Sci, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Versteirt, V (reprint author), Inst Trop Med, Dept Parasitol, Entomol Unit, Natl Str 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. OI Fonseca, Dina/0000-0003-4726-7100 FU National Institutes of Health-National Institute-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH-NIAID) [N01-(AI)-25490]; Belgian Science Policy Programs (Belspo) [SD/BD/04A, SD/BD/04B]; University of Antwerp FX We thank the conservator of the sample site Jos Gorissen and ABN for the authorization of the many visits and Bram Wellekens and Patricia Roelants for the technical support. Many thanks to our partners of the MODIRISK project, as well to Frederik Hendrickx for final statistic advice. We are very grateful to Richard Wilkerson and Yiau Min Huang for the verification of the identification and the use of the material at the Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (Smithsonian, Washington, DC). The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors, and are not to be construed as official views of the supporting agencies. V. V. would like to acknowledge the University of Antwerp for funding her stay at the Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit. D. M. F. obtained funds to sequence the ND4 gene of Ae. koreicus and Ae. japonicus complex mosquitoes from National Institutes of Health-National Institute-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH-NIAID) under Contract No. N01-(AI)-25490. This work was funded by the Belgian Science Policy Programs (Belspo, SD/BD/04A and SD/BD/04B). NR 52 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1226 EP 1232 DI 10.1603/ME11170 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 040EC UT WOS:000311303200006 PM 23270149 ER PT J AU Schild, RE Nieuwenhuizen, TM Gibson, CH AF Schild, Rudolph E. Nieuwenhuizen, Theo M. Gibson, Carl H. TI The mass function of primordial rogue planet MACHOs in quasar nano-lensing SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED QUASAR; TIME-DELAY; MICROLENSING VARIABILITY; CLOCK OBSERVATIONS; Q0957+561; SYSTEM AB The recent Sumi et al (2010 Astrophys. J. 710 1641; 2011 Nature 473 349) detection of free roaming planet mass MACHOs in cosmologically significant numbers recalls their original detection in quasar microlening studies (Colley and Schild 2003 Astrophys. J. 594 97; Schild R E 1996 Astrophys. J. 464 125). We consider the microlensing signature of such a population, and find that the nano-lensing (microlensing) would be well characterized by a statistical microlensing theory published previously by Refsdal and Stabell (1991 Astron. Astrophys. 250 62) Comparison of the observed First Lens microlensing amplitudes with the theoretical prediction gives close agreement and a methodology for determining the slope of the mass function describing the population. Our provisional estimate of the power law exponent in an exponential approximation to this distribution is 2.98(-0.5)(+1.0), where a Salpeter slope is 2.35. C1 [Schild, Rudolph E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Nieuwenhuizen, Theo M.] Inst Theoret Phys, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Gibson, Carl H.] UCSD, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Gibson, Carl H.] UCSD, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Schild, RE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rschild@cfa.harvard.edu RI Nieuwenhuizen, Theodorus Maria/G-8953-2012 OI Nieuwenhuizen, Theodorus Maria/0000-0002-2942-7986 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL T151 AR 014082 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2012/T151/014082 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 049DH UT WOS:000311961700083 ER PT J AU Schild, RE Gibson, CH Nieuwenhuizen, TM Wickramasinghe, NC AF Schild, Rudolph E. Gibson, Carl H. Nieuwenhuizen, Theo M. Wickramasinghe, N. Chandra TI Why don't clumps of cirrus dust gravitationally collapse? SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID LEO COLD CLOUD; MICROLENSING VARIABILITY; EMISSION; GRAINS AB We consider the Herschel-Planck infrared observations of presumed condensations of interstellar material at a measured temperature of approximately 14 K (Juvela et al 2012 Astron. Astrophys. 541 A12), the triple point temperature of hydrogen. The standard picture is challenged that the material is cirrus-like clouds of ceramic dust responsible for Halo extinction of cosmological sources (Finkbeiner, Davis and Schlegel 1999 Astrophys. J. 524 867). Why would such dust clouds not collapse gravitationally to a point on a gravitational free-fall time scale of 10(8) years? Why do the particles not collide and stick together, as is fundamental to the theory of planet formation (Blum 2004 PASP Conf. Ser. 309 369; Blum and Wurm 2008 Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 46 21) in pre-solar accretion discs? Evidence from 3.3 mu m and UIB emissions as well as extended red emission data point to the dominance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-type macromolecules for cirrus dust, but such fractal dust will not spin in the manner of rigid grains (Draine and Lazarian 1998 Astrophys. J. 494 L19). IRAS dust clouds examined by Herschel-Planck are easily understood as dark matter proto-globular-star-cluster clumps of primordial gas planets, as predicted by (Gibson 1996 Appl. Mech. Rev. 49 299-315) and observed by (Schild 1996 Astrophys. J. 464 125). C1 [Schild, Rudolph E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gibson, Carl H.] UCSD, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Nieuwenhuizen, Theo M.] Inst Theoret Phys, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Gibson, Carl H.; Wickramasinghe, N. Chandra] Univ Buckingham, Buckingham Ctr Astrobiol, Buckingham MK18 1EG, England. RP Schild, RE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rschild@cfa.harvard.edu RI Nieuwenhuizen, Theodorus Maria/G-8953-2012 OI Nieuwenhuizen, Theodorus Maria/0000-0002-2942-7986 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL T151 AR 014084 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2012/T151/014084 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 049DH UT WOS:000311961700085 ER PT J AU Paz, A Crawford, AJ AF Paz, Andrea Crawford, Andrew J. TI Molecular-based rapid inventories of sympatric diversity: A comparison of DNA barcode clustering methods applied to geography-based vs clade-based sampling of amphibians SO JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ABGD; biodiversity inventory; cluster analysis; cryptic species; cytochrome oxidase subunit I; DNA barcode of life; Fuzzy Identification; GMYC; SAP ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; SPECIES DELIMITATION; IDENTIFICATION; MITOCHONDRIAL; TAXONOMY; VERTEBRATES; MORPHOLOGY; PATTERNS; WHALES AB Molecular markers offer a universal source of data for quantifying biodiversity. DNA barcoding uses a standardized genetic marker and a curated reference database to identify known species and to reveal cryptic diversity within well-sampled clades. Rapid biological inventories, e.g. rapid assessment programs (RAPs), unlike most barcoding campaigns, are focused on particular geographic localities rather than on clades. Because of the potentially sparse phylogenetic sampling, the addition of DNA barcoding to RAPs may present a greater challenge for the identification of named species or for revealing cryptic diversity. In this article we evaluate the use of DNA barcoding for quantifying lineage diversity within a single sampling site as compared to clade-based sampling, and present examples from amphibians. We compared algorithms for identifying DNA barcode clusters (e.g. species, cryptic species or Evolutionary Significant Units) using previously published DNA barcode data obtained from geography-based sampling at a site in Central Panama, and from clade-based sampling in Madagascar. We found that clustering algorithms based on genetic distance performed similarly on sympatric as well as clade-based barcode data, while a promising coalescent-based method performed poorly on sympatric data. The various clustering algorithms were also compared in terms of speed and software implementation. Although each method has its shortcomings in certain contexts, we recommend the use of the ABGD method, which not only performs fairly well under either sampling method, but does so in a few seconds and with a user-friendly Web interface. C1 [Paz, Andrea; Crawford, Andrew J.] Univ Los Andes, Dept Biol Sci, Bogota 4976, Colombia. [Crawford, Andrew J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Paz, A (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Dept Biol Sci, Bogota 4976, Colombia. EM paz.andreita@gmail.com OI Paz, Andrea/0000-0001-6484-1210 NR 62 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 31 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0250-5991 J9 J BIOSCIENCES JI J. Biosci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 37 IS 5 BP 887 EP 896 DI 10.1007/s12038-012-9255-x PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 043CI UT WOS:000311520100009 PM 23107924 ER PT J AU Nam, SW Shin, W Coats, DW Park, JW Yih, W AF Nam, Seung Won Shin, Woongghi Coats, D. Wayne Park, Jong Woo Yih, Wonho TI Ultrastructure of the Oral Apparatus of Mesodinium rubrum from Korea SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cirrus; cytopharynx; extrusome; kinetosome; oral apparatus; tentacle ID CILIATE MYRIONECTA-RUBRA; RED-WATER; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; CHLOROPLASTS; ENDOSYMBIONT; ORGANELLES; CILIOPHORA; RETENTION; INGESTION; SYMBIONTS AB Mesodinium rubrum Lohmann is a photosynthetic marine ciliate that has functional chloroplasts of cryptophyte origin. Little is known about the oral ultrastructure of M. rubrum compared with several reports on the sequestration of nuclei and plastids from prey organisms, such as Geminigera cryophila and Teleaulax species. Here, we describe the fine structure of the oral apparatus of a M. rubrum strain from Gomso Bay, Korea. The cytopharynx was cone-shaped and supported by 2022 ribbons of triplet microtubules. At the anterior end of the cytopharynx, an annulus anchored small cylinders composed of 11 microtubules. The small cylinders were spaced at regular intervals, each reinforced by one set of the triplet microtubules. At the opening of the cytostome, larger 14-membered microtubular cylinders were set adjacent to the small, 11-membered microtubular cylinders, each pair surrounded by separate membranes, however, only the large cylinders extended into the oral tentacles. There were 2022 oral tentacles each having one to five extrusomes at its tip. At the anterior end of the oral apparatus, microtubular bands supporting the cytostome curved posteriad, extending beneath the cell cortex to the kinetosomes of the somatic cirri. The microtubular bands were connected by striated fibers and originated from kinetosomes anchored by fibers. Each cirrus consisted of eight cilia associated with 16 kinetosomes. The ultrastructure of M. rubrum from Korea provides information useful for taxonomic characterization of the genus Mesodinium and relevant to developing a better understanding of the acquisition of foreign organelles through phagocytosis by M. rubrum. C1 [Nam, Seung Won; Shin, Woongghi] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Biol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. [Coats, D. Wayne] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Park, Jong Woo; Yih, Wonho] Kunsan Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Kunsan 573701, South Korea. RP Shin, W (reprint author), Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Biol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. EM shinw@cnu.ac.kr; ywonho@kunsan.ac.kr RI Shin, Woongghi/D-5677-2013 FU Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, Korea; National Research Foundation; Korea Government/MEST [NRF-C1ABA001-2010-0020700] FX This research was a part of the project titled "Long-term change of structure and function in marine ecosystems of Korea" funded by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, Korea and the National Research Foundation Program funded by the Korea Government/MEST (NRF-C1ABA001-2010-0020700). NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 59 IS 6 BP 625 EP 636 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00643.x PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 033OH UT WOS:000310806800012 PM 22888970 ER PT J AU Jones, TH Adams, RMM Spande, TF Garraffo, HM Kaneko, T Schultz, TR AF Jones, Tappey H. Adams, Rachelle M. M. Spande, Thomas F. Garraffo, H. Martin Kaneko, Tetsuo Schultz, Ted R. TI Histrionicotoxin Alkaloids Finally Detected in an Ant SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID DENDROBATID POISON FROGS; ARTHROPOD SOURCE; SKIN ALKALOIDS; DIETARY SOURCE; C-13 NMR; DECAHYDROQUINOLINES; PUMILIOTOXINS; MADAGASCAR; CHEMISTRY; COMMON AB Workers of the ant Carebarella bicolor collected in Panama were found to have two major poison-frog alkaloids, cis- and trans-fused decahydroquinolines (DHQs) of the 269AB type, four minor 269AB isomers, two minor 269B isomers, and three isomers of DHQ 271D. For the first time in an ant, however, the DHQs were accompanied by six histrionicotoxins (HIXs), viz, 283A, 285A, 285B, 285C, 287A, and 287D. This co-occurrence of the HTX and DHQ alkaloids is the usual pattern seen in dendrobatid frogs. This finding contrasts with our earlier study, where workers of a Brazilian ant, Solenopsis (Diplorhoptrum) sp., were found to have a very similar DHQ complex but failed to show HTXs. Several new DHQ alkaloids of MW 271 (named in the frog as 271G) are reported from the above ants that have both m/z 202 and 204 as major fragment ions, unlike the spectrum seen for the poison-frog alkaloid 271D, which has only an m/z 204 base peak. Found also for the first time in skin extracts from the comparison frog Oophaga granulifera of Costa Rica is a trace DHQ of MW 273. It is coded as 273F in the frog; a different isomer is found in the ant. C1 [Jones, Tappey H.] Virginia Mil Inst, Dept Chem, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. [Adams, Rachelle M. M.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Social Evolut, Dept Biol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Spande, Thomas F.; Garraffo, H. Martin; Kaneko, Tetsuo] NIDDKD, Bioorgan Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Schultz, Ted R.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, NHB, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Jones, TH (reprint author), Virginia Mil Inst, Dept Chem, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. EM jonesth@vmi.edu RI Adams, Rachelle/J-8846-2013 OI Adams, Rachelle/0000-0002-0918-9861 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1930 EP 1936 DI 10.1021/np300485v PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 042HC UT WOS:000311461300009 PM 23088730 ER PT J AU Ropret, P Kosec, T AF Ropret, Polonca Kosec, Tadeja TI Raman investigation of artificial patinas on recent bronze - Part I: climatic chamber exposure SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE bronze; artist's patina; chemical patina; corrosion; Raman spectroscopy; climatic exposure ID NATURAL PATINAS; AIR-POLLUTANTS; COPPER; CORROSION; SPECTROSCOPY; PROTECTION; NITRATE; MICROSCOPY; MONUMENTS; MINERALS AB In humid air, copper and its high copper alloys (bronze) tend to form an oxide layer (patina). Natural patinas protect copper and its alloys from further corrosion processes. On the other hand, artists have frequently deliberately patinated bronze for visual effects. Thus, it is of great importance to study the patina changing mechanism to follow its chemical changes and to predict in advance the likely corrosion processes. Green chloride and green nitrate patinas, applied over the brown artist's patina, were tested, and also brown patina and the patina that develops on bare bronze. The Raman spectra were studied after chemical patination, and after exposing the patina samples in a climatic chamber, which can produce an environment that resembles an industrial atmosphere, for 12?weeks. The structures of the patinas and of the corrosion products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Cuprite and cuprous sulfite were found on the brown patina, atacamite on the green chloride patina, and a mixture of gerhardite and rouaite on the blue to green nitrate type patina. After 12?weeks of exposure to humidity, a controlled concentration of SO2, and salt spray mist, the corrosion products changed. In general, clinoatacamite and paratacamite are the end corrosion products, after an intermediate brochantite stage on the green chloride and green nitrate type patinas. The end products of each patina type are given. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kosec, Tadeja] Natl Bldg & Civil Engn Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Ropret, Polonca] Inst Protect Cultural Heritage Slovenia, Conservat Ctr, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Ropret, Polonca] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Kosec, T (reprint author), Natl Bldg & Civil Engn Inst, Dimiceva 12, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. EM tadeja.kosec@zag.si NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 43 IS 11 SI SI BP 1578 EP 1586 DI 10.1002/jrs.4068 PG 9 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 041QT UT WOS:000311417000009 ER PT J AU Kosec, T Ropret, P Legat, A AF Kosec, Tadeja Ropret, Polonca Legat, Andraz TI Raman investigation of artificial patinas on recent bronze-part II: urban rain exposure SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE bronze; chemical patina; nitrate patina; chloride patina; Raman spectroscopy ID NATURAL PATINAS; ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION; COPPER-ALLOYS; SPECTROSCOPY; ANCIENT; MICROSCOPY; PROTECTION; MONUMENTS; PRODUCTS; SURFACES AB Patinas form spontaneously on copper and high copper alloys when exposed to humidity and air. They usually protect the underlying metal from corrosion. Bronze is often chemically patinated by artists to achieve an antique appearance. However, in the case of chemical patinations on bronze, there is a lack of studies about their change over time during exposure to different types of environments. Recent types of bronze, brown patina and two green type patinas (green chloride and green nitrate patina) applied over a brown patina, were selected for testing. The aim of the present study was to monitor the transformation process of chemically formed patinas and of the bronze itself after exposure to simulated urban acid rain, for a period of 35?days. The structures of the patina and corrosion products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Three differently coloured patinas were scraped off from the bronze statue of the poet France Preseren, two green type patinas and one brown type, to predict the probable influences of the environment, the base alloy and previously used patination techniques. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kosec, Tadeja; Legat, Andraz] Natl Bldg & Civil Engn Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Ropret, Polonca] Inst Protect Cultural Heritage Slovenia, Conservat Ctr, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Ropret, Polonca] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Kosec, T (reprint author), Natl Bldg & Civil Engn Inst, Dimiceva 12, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. EM tadeja.kosec@zag.si NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 43 IS 11 SI SI BP 1587 EP 1595 DI 10.1002/jrs.4124 PG 9 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 041QT UT WOS:000311417000010 ER PT J AU Barnett, AA Boyle, SA Pinto, LP Lourenco, WC Almeida, T Silva, WS Ronchi-Teles, B Bezerra, BM Ross, C MacLarnon, A Spironello, WR AF Barnett, Adrian A. Boyle, Sarah A. Pinto, Liliam P. Lourenco, Waldete C. Almeida, Thais Silva, Welma Sousa Ronchi-Teles, Beatriz Bezerra, Bruna M. Ross, Caroline MacLarnon, Ann Spironello, Wilson R. TI Primary seed dispersal by three Neotropical seed-predating primates (Cacajao melanocephalus ouakary, Chiropotes chiropotes and Chiropotes albinasus) SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amazonas; frugivore; primates; seed dispersal; seed predator ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; 2 SYMPATRIC PRIMATES; NEW-WORLD MONKEYS; NATIONAL-PARK; AMAZONIAN FLOODPLAINS; FEEDING ECOLOGY; BRAZIL; GERMINATION; TREE; PITHECIINAE AB The Neotropics house two guilds of large arboreal vertebrate seed predators: parrots and the pitheciin primates. Both have diets dominated by immature fruits. The possibility of members of the Pitheciinae (genera Cacajao, Chiropotes and Pithecia) acting as occasional seed dispersers has been mooted, but not experimentally shown. We combined primate behavioural data and seed germination data from three separate field studies in the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Para to analyse patterns of post-consumption seed survivorship for seeds discarded by three pitheciin species (Cacajao melanocephalus ouakary, Chiropotes chiropotes and Chiropotes albinasus). We then calculated the frequency of dispersal events for four species eaten by C. m. ouakary. All three primate species dropped intact seeds while feeding, and 30.7% of 674 dropped seeds germinated ex situ. Undamaged seeds from unripe and ripe samples germinated (29.3% and 42.7%, respectively), and all three primate species carried some fruits up to 20 m from the parent tree before consuming them. Potential seed-dispersal events varied from 1 (Macrolobium acaciifolium) per fruiting cycle to more than 6500 (Duroia velutina), suggesting that there are differences in dispersal potential. In summary, although they are highly specialized seed predators, these primates may also act as important dispersers for some plant species, and effective dispersal is not restricted to ripe fruits, as immature fruits removed from a tree may continue to mature and the seeds later germinate, a much-neglected aspect of dispersal ecology. The possibility that similar events occur in parrots should be experimentally investigated. C1 [Barnett, Adrian A.; Ross, Caroline; MacLarnon, Ann] Roehampton Univ, Ctr Res Evolutionary & Environm Anthropol, London SW15 4JD, England. [Barnett, Adrian A.; Spironello, Wilson R.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, BR-69060001 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Boyle, Sarah A.] Rhodes Coll, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. [Boyle, Sarah A.; Lourenco, Waldete C.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Boyle, Sarah A.; Lourenco, Waldete C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Pinto, Liliam P.] Inst Chico Mendes Conservacao Biodiversidade I, Ctr Nacl Pesquisa & Conservacao Biodiversidade Am, BR-6904110 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Pinto, Liliam P.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Curso Posgrad Ecol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Almeida, Thais] Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Lab Herpetol, BR-78060900 Boa Esperanca, MG, Brazil. [Silva, Welma Sousa] Univ Fed Amazonas, Inst Ciencias Exatas & Tecnol, BR-69100000 Itacoatiara, Amazonas, Brazil. [Ronchi-Teles, Beatriz] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, BR-69060000 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Bezerra, Bruna M.] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Zool, BR-50670901 Recife, PE, Brazil. RP Barnett, AA (reprint author), Roehampton Univ, Ctr Res Evolutionary & Environm Anthropol, London SW15 4JD, England. EM adrian.barnett1.biology@gmail.com RI Ronchi-Teles, Beatriz/E-3292-2013; Bezerra, Bruna/C-6827-2015; OI Ross, Caroline/0000-0002-2366-143X; MacLarnon, Ann/0000-0003-2722-4998 FU American Society of Primatologists; Columbus Zoo Conservation Fund; LSB Leakey Foundation; Leakey Foundation (UK); Linnean Society (Percy Sladen Memorial Fund); Margot Marsh Conservation Foundation; MIL Foundation; Pittsburgh Zoo Conservation Fund; Primate Conservation Inc.; Roehampton University; Sophie Danforth Fund; Wildlife Conservation Society; BDFFP; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Arizona State University; Fulbright; FAPESP; Fundacao O Boticario de Protecao a Natureza; Primate Action Fund; CNPq Bolsa de Curta Duracao [BEV] grant [680.004/2009-2] FX The three studies all complied with the laws of Brazil, and the authors have no conflict of interest with any of the funding organizations. The Cacajao study is part of the Igapo Study Project, and was supported by: American Society of Primatologists, Columbus Zoo Conservation Fund, LSB Leakey Foundation, Leakey Foundation (UK), Linnean Society (Percy Sladen Memorial Fund), Margot Marsh Conservation Foundation, MIL Foundation, Pittsburgh Zoo Conservation Fund, Primate Conservation Inc., Roehampton University, Sophie Danforth Fund, and the Wildlife Conservation Society. AAB thanks field guides E. Souza, M. de Bom Jesus, and R. Moreira; E. Andrade for logistics and general support; Fundacao Vitoria Amazonica for help and advice. The Chiropotes chiropotes study is part of the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP). It received funding from BDFFP, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Arizona State University, Fulbright, American Society of Primatologists, Margot Marsh Conservation Foundation, and Primate Conservation Inc. SAB thanks A. M. dos Reis and O.F. da Silva for field assistance, and C. Zartman and P. A. Assuncao for help with plant identification. The Chiropotes albinasus study has been supported by: FAPESP, Fundacao O Boticario de Protecao a Natureza and Primate Action Fund. LPP thanks project advisor, E. Setz, and field guides Harrisson, Adailson and Agnaldo. The Cacajao study was undertaken under CNPq-IBAMA Protected Area Study License 138/2006. The Chiropotes chiropotes study was undertaken under CNPq License CMC 002/2004-010405/2007-7 and IBAMA License 02001.002551/2004-65. The Chiropotes albinasus study was conducted under IBAMA License 07/05-FNT. The manuscript for this paper was written while AAB was a Visiting Scientist at the Instituto National de Pesquisas da Amazonia (under PCI-INPA initiative and CNPq Bolsa de Curta Duracao [BEV] grant, number 680.004/2009-2). We also thank Dr Ian Turner and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. This is publication number [603] of the BDFFP technical series, and contribution number 14 from the Igapo Study Project. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 42 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 28 BP 543 EP 555 DI 10.1017/S0266467412000600 PN 6 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 041LN UT WOS:000311403400002 ER PT J AU Gomez-Reyes, JF Salazar, A Guzman, HM Gonzalez, Y Fernandez, PL Ariza-Castolo, A Gutierrez, M AF Felix Gomez-Reyes, Jose Salazar, Ana Guzman, Hector M. Gonzalez, Yisett Fernandez, Patricia L. Ariza-Castolo, Armando Gutierrez, Marcelino TI seco-Briarellinone and Briarellin S, Two New Eunicellin-Based Diterpenoids from the Panamanian Octocoral Briareum asbestinum SO MARINE DRUGS LA English DT Article DE Briareum asbestinum; seco-briarellins; briarellin diterpenes; seco-asbestinin diterpenes; anti-inflammatory properties ID CORAL PACHYCLAVULARIA-VIOLACEA; POLYANTHES; PALLAS AB Two new eunicellin-based diterpenes, seco-briarellinone (1) and briarellin S (2), and a known seco-asbestinin (3) have been isolated from the methanolic extract of the common octocoral Briareum asbestinum collected in Bocas del Toro, Caribbean of Panama. The structures and relative stereochemistry of the compounds were defined using extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D, 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Compounds 1 and 2 displayed anti-inflammatory properties inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolisacharide (LPS) in macrophages with an Inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of 4.7 mu M and 20.3 mu M, respectively. This is the first report of briarellin diterpenes containing a ketone group at C-12. C1 [Felix Gomez-Reyes, Jose; Salazar, Ana; Gutierrez, Marcelino] Inst Sci Res & Technol Serv INDICASAT, Ctr Drug Discovery & Biodivers, Clayton, Panama. [Felix Gomez-Reyes, Jose] Natl Polytech Inst CINVESTAV IPN, Dept Chem, Ctr Res & Adv Studies, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. [Guzman, Hector M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Gonzalez, Yisett; Fernandez, Patricia L.] Inst Sci Res & Technol Serv INDICASAT, Ctr Mol & Cellular Biol Dis, Clayton, Panama. RP Gutierrez, M (reprint author), Inst Sci Res & Technol Serv INDICASAT, Ctr Drug Discovery & Biodivers, POB 0843-01103, Clayton, Panama. EM jfgomez@cinvestav.mx; ansal2181@yahoo.com; guzmanh@si.edu; yisettgonzalez@gmail.com; patryllanes@gmail.com; aariza@cinvestav.mx; mgutierrez@indicasat.org.pa RI Johnson, Selena/K-3541-2013; OI Llanes Fernandez, Patricia/0000-0002-0762-0566 FU National Secretariat for Science and Technology of Panama (SENACYT) [COL08-061, COL09-047]; Fogarty International Center's International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups program [TW006634]; SENACYT-IFARHU, Panama FX We gratefully acknowledge the Government of Panama (ANAM) for granting permission to make these collections; we thank C. Guevara for assistance with the collections. We thank W. Gerwick for the 600 MHz NMR and HRMS measurements and V. Duke for IR spectra. This work was partially supported by the National Secretariat for Science and Technology of Panama (SENACYT, grant numbers COL08-061 and COL09-047) and the Fogarty International Center's International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups program (grant number TW006634). J.F.G. thanks SENACYT-IFARHU, Panama for financial support. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-3397 J9 MAR DRUGS JI Mar. Drugs PD NOV PY 2012 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2608 EP 2617 DI 10.3390/md10112608 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 041UD UT WOS:000311425800017 PM 23203281 ER PT J AU Slepian, Z Goodman, J AF Slepian, Zachary Goodman, Jeremy TI Ruling out bosonic repulsive dark matter in thermal equilibrium SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: haloes; cosmology: observations; cosmology: theory; dark matter ID PATTERN SPEED; DYNAMICAL FRICTION; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; BARRED GALAXIES; SPIRAL GALAXIES; GALACTIC HALOS; SCALAR FIELDS; CROSS-SECTION; CONSTRAINTS; DENSITY AB Self-interacting dark matter, especially bosonic, has been considered a promising candidate to replace cold dark matter (CDM) as it resolves some of the problems associated with CDM. Here, we rule out the possibility that dark matter is a repulsive boson in thermal equilibrium. We develop the model first proposed by Goodman in 2000 and derive the equation of state at finite temperature. Isothermal spherical halo models indicate a BoseEinstein condensed core surrounded by a non-degenerate envelope, with an abrupt density drop marking the boundary between the two phases. Comparing this feature with observed rotation curves constrains the interaction strength of our model's dark matter particle, and Bullet Cluster measurements constrain the scattering cross-section. Both ultimately can be cast as constraints on the particle's mass. We find these two constraints cannot be satisfied simultaneously in any realistic halo model and hence dark matter cannot be a repulsive boson in thermal equilibrium. It is still left open that dark matter may be a repulsive boson provided it is not in thermal equilibrium; this requires that the mass of the particle be significantly less than a millivolt. C1 [Slepian, Zachary] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Goodman, Jeremy] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Slepian, Z (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM zslepian@cfa.harvard.edu; jeremy@astro.princeton.edu FU National Science Foundation [DGE- 1144152] FX JG gratefully acknowledges the Chandrasekhar Centenary Conference for the opportunity to present an earlier version of this work; ZS expresses thanks to Dr Gregory Novak for useful conversations during the course of this research. ZS also thanks Tanja Rindler-Daller for helpful correspondence on vortices, David Spergel for discussion on the current state of observational DM research, and Neta Bahcall for intuition on the broad techniques used to determine DM masses. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE- 1144152. Finally, we are very grateful to the anonymous referee for many careful comments that significantly improved the substance of this work. NR 71 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 427 IS 1 BP 839 EP 849 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21901.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 031XH UT WOS:000310675400064 ER PT J AU Ting, YS De Silva, GM Freeman, KC Parker, SJ AF Ting, Yuan-Sen De Silva, Gayandhi M. Freeman, Kenneth C. Parker, Stacey-Jo TI High-resolution elemental abundance analysis of the open cluster IC 4756 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars: abundances; ISM: abundances; ISM: evolution ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; METAL-POOR STARS; MILKY-WAY DISK; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; GALACTIC DISK; S-PROCESS; SPECTROSCOPIC ABUNDANCES; MOVING GROUP; RED GIANTS; THICK-DISK AB We present detailed elemental abundances of 12 subgiants in the open cluster IC 4756 including Na, Al, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Ni, Fe, Zn and Ba. We measure the cluster to have [Fe/H] = -0.01 +/- 0.10. Most of the measured star-to-star [X/H] abundance variation is below sigma < 0.03, as expected from a coeval stellar population preserving natal abundance patterns, supporting the use of elemental abundances as a probe to reconstruct dispersed clusters. We find discrepancies between Cr I and Cr II abundances as well as between Ti I and Ti II abundances, where the ionized abundances are larger by about 0.2 dex. This follows other such studies which demonstrate the effects of overionization in cool stars. IC 4756 are supersolar in Mg, Si, Na and Al, but are solar in the other elements. The fact that IC 4756 is supersolar in some alpha-elements (Mg, Si) but solar in the others (Ca, Ti) suggests that the production of alpha-elements is not simply one dimensional and could be exploited for chemical tagging. C1 [Ting, Yuan-Sen; Freeman, Kenneth C.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Ting, Yuan-Sen] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [De Silva, Gayandhi M.] Australian Astron Observ, Sydney, NSW 1710, Australia. [Parker, Stacey-Jo] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Ting, YS (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Cotter Rd, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. EM yuan-sen.ting@harvard.edu OI Ting, Yuan-Sen/0000-0001-5082-9536 FU Australian Astronomical Observatory; College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics at The Australian National University FX YST is grateful to the Australian Astronomical Observatory, the College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and the Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics at The Australian National University for their financial support throughout this project. GMDS thanks the Apache Point Observatory for the observation time which was offered directly after the 2003 bushfire at Mt Stromlo Observatory. NR 56 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 427 IS 1 BP 882 EP 892 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22028.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 031XH UT WOS:000310675400068 ER PT J AU Cranmer, SR AF Cranmer, Steven R. TI Self-Consistent Models of the Solar Wind SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Solar corona; Solar wind; Turbulence; Waves ID FREQUENCY ALFVEN WAVES; CORONAL HOLES; TRANSITION REGION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE; RADIAL EVOLUTION; FLUX TUBES; IN-SITU; 1 AU AB The origins of the hot solar corona and the supersonically expanding solar wind are still the subject of much debate. This paper summarizes some of the essential ingredients of realistic and self-consistent models of solar wind acceleration. It also outlines the major issues in the recent debate over what physical processes dominate the mass, momentum, and energy balance in the accelerating wind. A key obstacle in the way of producing realistic simulations of the Sun-heliosphere system is the lack of a physically motivated way of specifying the coronal heating rate. Recent models that assume the energy comes from Alfv,n waves that are partially reflected, and then dissipated by magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, have been found to reproduce many of the observed features of the solar wind. This paper discusses results from these models, including detailed comparisons with measured plasma properties as a function of solar wind speed. Some suggestions are also given for future work that could answer the many remaining questions about coronal heating and solar wind acceleration. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cranmer, SR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM scranmer@cfa.harvard.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG04GE77G, NNX09AB27G, NNX10AC11G] FX The author thanks the organizers and participants of the "Multi-Scale Physics in Coronal Heating and Solar Wind Acceleration" Workshop of the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) for making possible such an extremely fruitful gathering of theorists, observers, and experimenters. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under grants NNG04GE77G, NNX09AB27G, and NNX10AC11G to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. NR 101 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 172 IS 1-4 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s11214-010-9674-7 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 034MJ UT WOS:000310877300009 ER PT J AU Boughton, AJ Kula, RR Gates, M Zhang, YL Nunez, M O'Connor, J Whitfield, JB Center, TD AF Boughton, Anthony J. Kula, Robert R. Gates, Michael Zhang, Yali Nunez, Melissa O'Connor, Jaqui Whitfield, James B. Center, Ted D. TI Parasitoids Attacking Larvae of a Recently Introduced Weed Biological Control Agent, Neomusotima conspurcatalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae): Key to Species, Natural History, and Integrative Taxonomy SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Lygodium microphyllum; host range extension; parasitoid accumulation; native parasitoids ID WORLD CLIMBING FERN; LYGODIUM-MICROPHYLLUM; INVASIVE WEED; INSECTS; HYMENOPTERA; FLORIDA; MOTH; BRACONIDAE; TACHINIDAE; GENERA AB The extent to which introduced weed biocontrol agents are subject to attack by generalist natural enemies within the area of introduction is believed to be an important determinant of program success. We monitored larval populations of a recently introduced weed biocontrol agent, Neomusotima conspurcatalis Warren, at field sites in Florida to investigate parasitism by native parasitoids and to assess the overall rate of parasitism. Of six native parasitoid species reared from wild larvae of N. conspurcatalis, five, Rhygoplitis choreuti (Viereck), Stantonia pallida (Ashmead), Elasmus apanteli Gahan, Hyphantrophaga sellersi (Sabrosky), and an unidentified Cotesia sp. were primary parasitoids of the biocontrol agent. The sixth species, Mesochorus apantelis Dasch, is likely a hyperparasitoid of R. choreuti. From 1,100 N. conspurcatalis larvae collected from three sites, adult parasitoids emerged from 6.8% of those larvae and 73.6% of the N. conspurcatalis developed to adulthood. R. choreuti was the most common parasitoid, accounting for 81% of adults reared. Photographs of parasitoid species are provided, aspects of their natural histories and host ranges are described, and accumulation of native parasitoids on introduced weed biocontrol agents is discussed. C1 [Boughton, Anthony J.; Center, Ted D.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Kula, Robert R.; Gates, Michael] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, ARS, USDA,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Zhang, Yali; Nunez, Melissa; O'Connor, Jaqui; Whitfield, James B.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Boughton, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM anthonyboughton@yahoo.com NR 79 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 29 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 105 IS 6 BP 753 EP 767 DI 10.1603/AN11157 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 036MC UT WOS:000311029400002 ER PT J AU Di Stefano, R Kilic, M AF Di Stefano, R. Kilic, Mukremin TI THE ABSENCE OF EX-COMPANIONS IN TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA REMNANTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; ISM: supernova remnants; supernovae: general; white dwarfs ID ACCRETING WHITE-DWARFS; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; CHANDRASEKHAR MASS MODELS; SN 2011FE; X-RAY; CIRCUMSTELLAR MATERIAL; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; MERGER RATE; AE-AQR; EVOLUTION AB Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) play important roles in our study of the expansion and acceleration of the universe, but because we do not know the exact nature or natures of the progenitors, there is a systematic uncertainty that must be resolved if SNe Ia are to become more precise cosmic probes. No progenitor system has ever been identified either in the pre- or post-explosion images of a Ia event. There have been recent claims for and against the detection of ex-companion stars in several SNe Ia remnants. These studies, however, usually ignore the angular momentum gain of the progenitor white dwarf (WD), which leads to a spin-up phase and a subsequent spin-down phase before explosion. For spin-down timescales greater than 105 years, the donor star could be too dim to detect by the time of explosion. Here we revisit the current limits on ex-companion stars to SNR 0509-67.5, a 400-year-old remnant in the Large Magellanic Cloud. If the effects of possible angular momentum gain on the WD are included, a wide range of single-degenerate progenitor models are allowed for this remnant. We demonstrate that the current absence of evidence for ex-companion stars in this remnant, as well as other SNe Ia remnants, does not necessarily provide the evidence of absence for ex-companions. We discuss potential ways to identify such ex-companion stars through deep imaging observations. C1 [Di Stefano, R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kilic, Mukremin] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Di Stefano, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rd@cfa.harvard.edu; kilic@ou.edu NR 60 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 1 AR 56 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/56 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030JL UT WOS:000310566900056 ER PT J AU Dragomir, D Matthews, JM Kuschnig, R Rowe, JF Gladman, BJ Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Rucinski, SM Sasselov, D Weiss, WW AF Dragomir, Diana Matthews, Jaymie M. Kuschnig, Rainer Rowe, Jason F. Gladman, Brett J. Guenther, David B. Moffat, Anthony F. J. Rucinski, Slavek M. Sasselov, Dimitar Weiss, Werner W. TI A SEARCH FOR TRANSITS OF GJ 581e AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HOST STAR VARIABILITY USING MOST SPACE TELESCOPE PHOTOMETRY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars: individual (GJ 581); techniques: photometric ID EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; M-CIRCLE-PLUS; SUPER-EARTHS; TRANSMISSION SPECTRUM; HABITABLE ZONE; TAU-BOOTIS; EXOPLANET SYSTEM; MAGNETIC CYCLES; HARPS SEARCH; LOW-MASS AB The GJ 581 system has been amply studied since its discovery in 2005: the number of known planets in the system has increased and their orbital parameters are among the most precisely determined for radial-velocity-detected exoplanets. We have acquired MOST space-based photometry during 2007 and 2009, with the aims of measuring the stellar variability and searching for transits of GJ 581e, respectively. We quantify our sensitivity to shallow transit signals using Monte Carlo simulations, and perform a transit search within the 3 sigma transit windows corresponding to both the circular and Keplerian orbit ephemerides. Our analysis rules out transits for a planet with an orbital period of 3.15 days (GJ 581e) having a radius larger than 1.62 R-circle plus (or a density lower than 2.39 g cm(-3) for an orbital inclination of 90 degrees) to 2 sigma confidence. Thus, if the planet transits, we can exclude hydrogen, helium, and water theoretical model compositions. The MOST photometry also allows us to rule out transits of GJ 581b within the Keplerian orbit-derived transit window for impact parameter values smaller than similar to 0.4 and confirm previous results which exclude transits for this planet within the circular orbit-derived transit window, for all plausible interior compositions. We find that the stellar brightness of GJ 581 is stable to within 1%, a characteristic which is favorable to the development of life in the habitable zone of the system. In the 2009 photometry, we detect a stellar signal with a period of 5.586 +/- 0.051 days, which is close to the orbital period of GJ 581b (P = 5.37 days). However, further monitoring of the system is necessary to verify the nature of this variation. C1 [Dragomir, Diana; Matthews, Jaymie M.; Gladman, Brett J.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Kuschnig, Rainer; Weiss, Werner W.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Rowe, Jason F.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Guenther, David B.] St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Moffat, Anthony F. J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys & Obs Mt Megant, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Rucinski, Slavek M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Sasselov, Dimitar] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dragomir, D (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM diana@phas.ubc.ca OI Dragomir, Diana/0000-0003-2313-467X FU University of British Columbia; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; FQRNT (Qubec); Austrian Science Fund [P22691-N16]; Austrian Research Promotion Agency-ALR FX The authors thank Michael Gillon, Stephen Kane, and Bryce Croll for useful conversations. We are grateful to Xavier Bonfils and Thierry Forveille for providing additional information regarding their analysis of the GJ 581 system parameters. We also thank the anonymous referee for valuable comments and suggestions which have helped improve and clarify the manuscript. D.D. is supported by a University of British Columbia Four Year Fellowship. The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada supports the research of D.B.G., J.M.M., A.F.J.M., and S.M.R. Additional support for A.F.J.M. comes from FQRNT (Qubec). R.K. and W.W.W. were supported by the Austrian Science Fund (P22691-N16) and by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency-ALR. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 1 AR 2 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/2 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030JL UT WOS:000310566900002 ER PT J AU Elvis, M Hao, H Civano, F Brusa, M Salvato, M Bongiorno, A Capak, P Zamorani, G Comastri, A Jahnke, K Lusso, E Mainieri, V Trump, JR Ho, LC Aussel, H Cappelluti, N Cisternas, M Frayer, D Gilli, R Hasinger, G Huchra, JP Impey, CD Koekemoer, AM Lanzuisi, G Le Floc'h, E Lilly, SJ Liu, Y McCarthy, P McCracken, HJ Merloni, A Roeser, HJ Sanders, DB Sargent, M Scoville, N Schinnerer, E Schiminovich, D Silverman, J Taniguchi, Y Vignali, C Urry, CM Zamojski, MA Zatloukal, M AF Elvis, M. Hao, H. Civano, F. Brusa, M. Salvato, M. Bongiorno, A. Capak, P. Zamorani, G. Comastri, A. Jahnke, K. Lusso, E. Mainieri, V. Trump, J. R. Ho, L. C. Aussel, H. Cappelluti, N. Cisternas, M. Frayer, D. Gilli, R. Hasinger, G. Huchra, J. P. Impey, C. D. Koekemoer, A. M. Lanzuisi, G. Le Floc'h, E. Lilly, S. J. Liu, Y. McCarthy, P. McCracken, H. J. Merloni, A. Roeser, H. -J. Sanders, D. B. Sargent, M. Scoville, N. Schinnerer, E. Schiminovich, D. Silverman, J. Taniguchi, Y. Vignali, C. Urry, C. M. Zamojski, M. A. Zatloukal, M. TI SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS OF TYPE 1 ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN THE COSMOS SURVEY. I. THE XMM-COSMOS SAMPLE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; quasars: general; surveys ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; WIDE-FIELD SURVEY; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; BRIGHT QUASAR SURVEY; AZTEC MILLIMETER SURVEY; EVOLUTION SURVEY COSMOS; HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; RADIO-QUIET QUASARS; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; X-RAY-PROPERTIES AB The "Cosmic Evolution Survey" (COSMOS) enables the study of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) because of the deep coverage and rich sampling of frequencies from X-ray to radio. Here we present an SED catalog of 413 X-ray (XMM-Newton)-selected type 1 (emission line FWHM > 2000 km s(-1)) AGNs with Magellan, SDSS, or VLT spectrum. The SEDs are corrected for Galactic extinction, broad emission line contributions, constrained variability, and host galaxy contribution. We present the mean SED and the dispersion SEDs after the above corrections in the rest-frame 1.4 GHz to 40 keV, and show examples of the variety of SEDs encountered. In the near-infrared to optical (rest frame similar to 8 mu m-4000 angstrom), the photometry is complete for the whole sample and the mean SED is derived from detections only. Reddening and host galaxy contamination could account for a large fraction of the observed SED variety. The SEDs are all available online. C1 [Elvis, M.; Hao, H.; Civano, F.; Huchra, J. P.; Lanzuisi, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hao, H.] SISSA, I-34136 Trieste, Italy. [Brusa, M.; Salvato, M.; Bongiorno, A.; Cappelluti, N.; Lanzuisi, G.; Merloni, A.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Salvato, M.] Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, IPP, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Salvato, M.] Excellence Cluster, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Bongiorno, A.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [Capak, P.; Scoville, N.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zamorani, G.; Comastri, A.; Cappelluti, N.; Gilli, R.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Jahnke, K.; Lusso, E.; Cisternas, M.; Roeser, H. -J.; Sargent, M.; Schinnerer, E.; Zatloukal, M.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Mainieri, V.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Trump, J. R.; Impey, C. D.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Trump, J. R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ho, L. C.; McCarthy, P.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Aussel, H.] Univ Paris 07, UMR N158, AIM Unit Mixte Rech CEA CNRS, Paris, France. [Cisternas, M.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain. [Frayer, D.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. [Hasinger, G.; Sanders, D. B.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Koekemoer, A. M.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Lanzuisi, G.] INAF IASF Roma, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Lanzuisi, G.] INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Le Floc'h, E.; Sargent, M.] CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Lilly, S. J.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol ETH Honggerberg, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Liu, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Key Lab Particle Astrophys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [McCracken, H. J.] Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Schiminovich, D.; Zamojski, M. A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Silverman, J.] Univ Tokyo, IPMU, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Taniguchi, Y.] Ehime Univ, Res Ctr Space & Cosm Evolut, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Vignali, C.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Urry, C. M.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Urry, C. M.] Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Elvis, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM elvis@cfa.harvard.edu; hhao@cfa.harvard.edu RI Vignali, Cristian/J-4974-2012; Lanzuisi, Giorgio/K-4378-2013; Urry, Claudia/G-7381-2011; Comastri, Andrea/O-9543-2015; Gilli, Roberto/P-1110-2015; OI Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048; Schinnerer, Eva/0000-0002-3933-7677; Brusa, Marcella/0000-0002-5059-6848; Vignali, Cristian/0000-0002-8853-9611; Lanzuisi, Giorgio/0000-0001-9094-0984; Urry, Claudia/0000-0002-0745-9792; Comastri, Andrea/0000-0003-3451-9970; Gilli, Roberto/0000-0001-8121-6177; Bongiorno, Angela/0000-0002-0101-6624; Jahnke, Knud/0000-0003-3804-2137; Cappelluti, Nico/0000-0002-1697-186X; Zamorani, Giovanni/0000-0002-2318-301X FU NASA [GO7-8136A, NAS8-39073]; Smithsonian Scholarly Studies; Emmy Noether Programme of the German Science Foundation (DFG) [JA 1114/3-1]; ASI/INAF [I/009/10/0, I/024/05/0, I/088/06]; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung/Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt; Max Planck Society; bei the Leibniz Prize of the Deutsche Forschungagemeinschaft, DFG [HA 1850/28-1]; Directional Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KJCX2-YW-T03]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [10821061, 10733010, 10725313]; 973 Program of China [2009CB824800] FX M.E. and H.H. thank J. McDowell for useful discussion. This work was supported in part by NASA Chandra grant number GO7-8136A (H.H., F.C., M.E.), NASA contract NAS8-39073 (Chandra X-ray Center), and the Smithsonian Scholarly Studies (F.C.). K.J. acknowledges support from the Emmy Noether Programme of the German Science Foundation (DFG) through grant number JA 1114/3-1. In Italy this work is supported by ASI/INAF contracts I/009/10/0, I/024/05/0, and I/088/06. In Germany this project is supported by the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung/Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt and the Max Planck Society. M.S. and G.H. acknowledge support bei the Leibniz Prize of the Deutsche Forschungagemeinschaft, DFG (HA 1850/28-1). Y.L. acknowledges partial funding support by the Directional Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under project No. KJCX2-YW-T03 and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant Nos. 10821061, 10733010, 10725313, and by 973 Program of China under grant 2009CB824800. NR 113 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 1 AR 6 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/6 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030JL UT WOS:000310566900006 ER PT J AU Mao, SA McClure-Griffiths, NM Gaensler, BM Haverkorn, M Beck, R McConnell, D Wolleben, M Stanimirovic, S Dickey, JM Staveley-Smith, L AF Mao, S. A. McClure-Griffiths, N. M. Gaensler, B. M. Haverkorn, M. Beck, R. McConnell, D. Wolleben, M. Stanimirovic, S. Dickey, J. M. Staveley-Smith, L. TI MAGNETIC FIELD STRUCTURE OF THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD FROM FARADAY ROTATION MEASURES OF DIFFUSE POLARIZED EMISSION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Magellanic Clouds; magnetic fields; polarization ID WESTERBORK SINGS SURVEY; RAY-DRIVEN DYNAMO; H-ALPHA SURVEY; IONIZED-GAS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; RADIO-CONTINUUM; STAR-FORMATION; COSMIC-RAYS; MILKY-WAY; LINEAR-POLARIZATION AB We present a study of the magnetic field of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), carried out using diffuse polarized synchrotron emission data at 1.4 GHz acquired at the Parkes Radio Telescope and the Australia Telescope Compact Array. The observed diffuse polarized emission is likely to originate above the LMC disk on the near side of the galaxy. Consistent negative rotation measures (RMs) derived from the diffuse emission indicate that the line-of-sight magnetic field in the LMC's near-side halo is directed coherently away from us. In combination with RMs of extragalactic sources that lie behind the galaxy, we show that the LMC's large-scale magnetic field is likely to be of quadrupolar geometry, consistent with the prediction of dynamo theory. On smaller scales, we identify two brightly polarized filaments southeast of the LMC, associated with neutral hydrogen arms. The filaments' magnetic field potentially aligns with the direction toward the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We suggest that tidal interactions between the SMC and the LMC in the past 10(9) years are likely to have shaped the magnetic field in these filaments. C1 [Mao, S. A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Mao, S. A.; Stanimirovic, S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mao, S. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mao, S. A.; McClure-Griffiths, N. M.; McConnell, D.] CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Gaensler, B. M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Haverkorn, M.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Haverkorn, M.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Beck, R.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Wolleben, M.] The Park, Sq Kilometre Array S Africa, ZA-7405 Pinelands, South Africa. [Dickey, J. M.] Univ Tasmania, Dept Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Staveley-Smith, L.] Univ Western Australia, ICRAR, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. RP Mao, SA (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, POB O, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM mao@astro.wisc.edu RI Dickey, John/C-6156-2013; Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; Staveley-Smith, Lister/A-1683-2011; OI Staveley-Smith, Lister/0000-0002-8057-0294; McClure-Griffiths, Naomi/0000-0003-2730-957X; Dickey, John/0000-0002-6300-7459; Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 FU Commonwealth of Australia; Australian Research Council Federation Fellowship [FF0561298]; European Union [239490, 639.042.915]; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) FX The authors thank Ettore Carretti for kindly providing the IDL map-making software to process our Parkes data. We thank Dominic Schnitzeler and Tim Robishaw for the discussions and coding of RM Synthesis and deconvolution in IDL. The authors thank Pat Slane for helpful discussions on computing the equipartition magnetic field strength in the LMC. We also thank Tom Landecker, Mark Calbertta, Annie Hughes, Doug Finkbeiner, Troy Porter, John Raymond, You-Hua Chu, Chris Pfrommer, Robert Gruendl, Steve Snowden, Sean Points, John Dickel, Anvar Shukurov, Amanda Kepley, Greg Madsen, and Michal Hanaz for useful discussions and e-mail correspondence. The Australia Telescope Compact Array and the Parkes Radio Telescope are part of the Australia Telescope National Facility which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. B.M.G. acknowledges the support in part by an Australian Research Council Federation Fellowship (FF0561298). M.H. acknowledges funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement number 239490 and research program 639.042.915, which is (partly) financed by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. NR 82 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 1 AR 25 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/25 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030JL UT WOS:000310566900025 ER PT J AU Niemiec, J Pohl, M Bret, A Wieland, V AF Niemiec, Jacek Pohl, Martin Bret, Antoine Wieland, Volkmar TI NONRELATIVISTIC PARALLEL SHOCKS IN UNMAGNETIZED AND WEAKLY MAGNETIZED PLASMAS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; instabilities; ISM: supernova remnants; methods: numerical; plasmas; shock waves ID ELECTRON-ION PLASMAS; IN-CELL SIMULATION; RELATIVISTIC COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS; CURRENT-DRIVEN INSTABILITY; MACH NUMBER SHOCKS; RAY BURST SHOCKS; WEIBEL INSTABILITY; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; FIELD GENERATION; COSMIC-RAYS AB We present results of 2D3V particle-in-cell simulations of nonrelativistic plasma collisions with absent or parallel large-scale magnetic field for parameters applicable to the conditions at young supernova remnants. We study the collision of plasma slabs of different density, leading to two different shocks and a contact discontinuity. Electron dynamics play an important role in the development of the system. While nonrelativistic shocks in both unmagnetized and magnetized plasmas can be mediated by Weibel-type instabilities, the efficiency of shock-formation processes is higher when a large-scale magnetic field is present. The electron distributions downstream of the forward and reverse shocks are generally isotropic, whereas that is not always the case for the ions. We do not see any significant evidence of pre-acceleration, neither in the electron population nor in the ion distribution. C1 [Niemiec, Jacek] Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Pohl, Martin; Wieland, Volkmar] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Pohl, Martin; Wieland, Volkmar] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Bret, Antoine] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bret, Antoine] Univ Castilla La Mancha, ETSI Ind, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain. [Bret, Antoine] Inst Invest Energet & Aplicac Ind, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain. RP Niemiec, J (reprint author), Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. EM jacek.niemiec@ifj.edu.pl RI Bret, Antoine/C-9112-2009 OI Bret, Antoine/0000-0003-2030-0046 FU Narodowe Centrum Nauki [DEC-2011/01/B/ST9/03183]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [PO 1508/1-1]; Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [ENE2009-09276] FX The authors thank Mark Dieckmann for comments and useful discussions. The work of J.N. is supported by Narodowe Centrum Nauki as research project DEC-2011/01/B/ST9/03183. M.P. and V.W. acknowledge support through grant PO 1508/1-1 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The work of A.B. is supported by the project ENE2009-09276 of the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia. Simulations have been performed at the Pleiades facility at the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division. NR 64 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 1 AR 73 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/73 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030JL UT WOS:000310566900073 ER PT J AU Penner, K Dickinson, M Pope, A Dey, A Magnelli, B Pannella, M Altieri, B Aussel, H Buat, V Bussmann, S Charmandaris, V Coia, D Daddi, E Dannerbauer, H Elbaz, D Hwang, HS Kartaltepe, J Lin, LH Magdis, G Morrison, G Popesso, P Scott, D Valtchanov, I AF Penner, Kyle Dickinson, Mark Pope, Alexandra Dey, Arjun Magnelli, Benjamin Pannella, Maurilio Altieri, Bruno Aussel, Herve Buat, Veronique Bussmann, Shane Charmandaris, Vassilis Coia, Daniela Daddi, Emanuele Dannerbauer, Helmut Elbaz, David Hwang, Ho Seong Kartaltepe, Jeyhan Lin, Lihwai Magdis, Georgios Morrison, Glenn Popesso, Paola Scott, Douglas Valtchanov, Ivan TI EVIDENCE FOR A WIDE RANGE OF ULTRAVIOLET OBSCURATION IN z similar to 2 DUSTY GALAXIES FROM THE GOODS-HERSCHEL SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: ISM; infrared: galaxies ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; SPACE-TELESCOPE MORPHOLOGIES; EXTRAGALACTIC LEGACY SURVEY; MU-M OBSERVATIONS; DEEP-FIELD-NORTH; HIGH-REDSHIFT; OBSCURED GALAXIES; STARBURST GALAXIES; RED GALAXIES AB Dusty galaxies at z similar to 2 span a wide range of relative brightness between rest-frame mid-infrared (8 mu m) and ultraviolet wavelengths. We attempt to determine the physical mechanism responsible for this diversity. Dustobscured galaxies (DOGs), which have rest-frame mid-IR to UV flux density ratios greater than or similar to 1000, might be abnormally bright in the mid-IR, perhaps due to prominent emission from active galactic nuclei and/or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or abnormally faint in the UV. We use far-infrared data from the GOODS-Herschel survey to show that most DOGs with 10(12) L-circle dot less than or similar to L-IR less than or similar to 10(13) L-circle dot are not abnormally bright in the mid-IR when compared to other dusty galaxies with similar IR (8-1000 mu m) luminosities. We observe a relation between the median IR to UV luminosity ratios and the median UV continuum power-law indices for these galaxies, and we find that only 24% have specific star formation rates that indicate the dominance of compact star-forming regions. This circumstantial evidence supports the idea that the UV- and IR-emitting regions in these galaxies are spatially coincident, which implies a connection between the abnormal UV faintness of DOGs and dust obscuration. We conclude that the range in rest-frame mid-IR to UV flux density ratios spanned by dusty galaxies at z similar to 2 is due to differing amounts of UV obscuration. Of galaxies with these IR luminosities, DOGs are the most obscured. We attribute differences in UV obscuration to either (1) differences in the degree of alignment between the spatial distributions of dust and massive stars or (2) differences in the total dust content. C1 [Penner, Kyle] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dickinson, Mark; Dey, Arjun; Kartaltepe, Jeyhan] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Pope, Alexandra] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Magnelli, Benjamin; Popesso, Paola] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Pannella, Maurilio; Aussel, Herve; Daddi, Emanuele; Elbaz, David] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay, CEA,DSM,Irfu,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Altieri, Bruno; Coia, Daniela; Valtchanov, Ivan] European Space Astron Ctr, Herschel Sci Ctr, E-28691 Madrid, Spain. [Buat, Veronique] Univ Aix Marseille, Lab Astrophys Marseille, OAMP, CNRS, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Bussmann, Shane; Hwang, Ho Seong] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Charmandaris, Vassilis] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, GR-71003 Iraklion, Greece. [Charmandaris, Vassilis] Univ Crete, Inst Theoret & Computat Phys, GR-71003 Iraklion, Greece. [Charmandaris, Vassilis] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, IESL, GR-71110 Iraklion, Greece. [Charmandaris, Vassilis] Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Dannerbauer, Helmut] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Lin, Lihwai] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Magdis, Georgios] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Morrison, Glenn] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Morrison, Glenn] Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Scott, Douglas] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Penner, K (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM kpenner@as.arizona.edu RI Charmandaris, Vassilis/A-7196-2008; Magdis, Georgios/C-7295-2014; Daddi, Emanuele/D-1649-2012; OI Charmandaris, Vassilis/0000-0002-2688-1956; Magdis, Georgios/0000-0002-4872-2294; Daddi, Emanuele/0000-0002-3331-9590; Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840; Altieri, Bruno/0000-0003-3936-0284 FU NASA through JPL/Caltech; NOAO FX This work is based on observations made with Herschel, a European Space Agency Cornerstone Mission with significant participation by NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. The research activities of M. D. and A. D. are supported by NOAO, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. We are grateful to N. Drory for sharing the SED-fitting code we use to estimate galaxy stellar masses. NR 62 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 1 AR 28 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/28 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030JL UT WOS:000310566900028 ER PT J AU Steinhardt, CL Schramm, M Silverman, JD Alexandroff, R Capak, P Civano, F Elvis, M Masters, D Mobasher, B Pattarakijwanich, P Strauss, MA AF Steinhardt, Charles L. Schramm, Malte Silverman, John D. Alexandroff, Rachael Capak, Peter Civano, Francesca Elvis, Martin Masters, Dan Mobasher, Bahram Pattarakijwanich, Petchara Strauss, Michael A. TI SDSS 0956+5128: A BROAD-LINE QUASAR WITH EXTREME VELOCITY OFFSETS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: nuclei; quasars: general ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BLACK-HOLE MASSES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; DOUBLE-PEAKED EMITTER; HOST-GALAXY; ACCRETION DISKS; BRIGHT QUASAR; MG II; BINARY; SPECTROGRAPH AB We report on the discovery of a Type 1 quasar, SDSS 0956+5128, with a surprising combination of extreme velocity offsets. SDSS 0956+5128 is a broad-lined quasar exhibiting emission lines at three substantially different redshifts: a systemic redshift of z similar to 0.714 based on narrow emission lines, a broad Mg II emission line centered 1200 km s(-1) bluer than the systemic velocity, at z similar to 0.707, and broad H alpha and H beta emission lines centered at z similar to 0.690. The Balmer line peaks are 4100 km s(-1) bluer than the systemic redshift. There are no previously known objects with such an extreme difference between broad Mg II and broad Balmer emission. The two most promising explanations are either an extreme disk emitter or a high-velocity black hole recoil. However, neither explanation appears able to explain all of the observed features of SDSS 0956+5128, so the object may provide a challenge to our general understanding of quasar physics. C1 [Steinhardt, Charles L.; Schramm, Malte; Silverman, John D.] Univ Tokyo, Kavli IPMU, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Alexandroff, Rachael; Pattarakijwanich, Petchara; Strauss, Michael A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Capak, Peter] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Civano, Francesca; Elvis, Martin] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Masters, Dan; Mobasher, Bahram] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys & Astron, Riverside, CA 92508 USA. [Masters, Dan] Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Steinhardt, CL (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Kavli IPMU, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. FU World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI Initiative), MEXT, Japan; NSF [AST-0707266, 1066293] FX The authors thank Kevin Bundy, Masahiro Fukugita, Pat Hall, Daniel Proga, Robert Quimby, Allan Sadun, Masayuki Tanaka, and Alexander Tchekhovskoy for valuable comments. This work was supported by the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI Initiative), MEXT, Japan. M.A.S., P.P., and R.A. acknowledge the support of NSF grant AST-0707266. C.L.S. and M.E. thank the Aspen Center for Physics and the NSF Grant No. 1066293 for hospitality during the editing of this paper. NR 74 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 1 AR 24 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/24 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030JL UT WOS:000310566900024 ER PT J AU Sullivan, IS Morales, MF Hazelton, BJ Arcus, W Barnes, D Bernardi, G Briggs, FH Bowman, JD Bunton, JD Cappallo, RJ Corey, BE Deshpande, A deSouza, L Emrich, D Gaensler, BM Goeke, R Greenhill, LJ Herne, D Hewitt, JN Johnston-Hollitt, M Kaplan, DL Kasper, JC Kincaid, BB Koenig, R Kratzenberg, E Lonsdale, CJ Lynch, MJ McWhirter, SR Mitchell, DA Morgan, E Oberoi, D Ord, SM Pathikulangara, J Prabu, T Remillard, RA Rogers, AEE Roshi, A Salah, JE Sault, RJ Shankar, NU Srivani, KS Stevens, J Subrahmanyan, R Tingay, SJ Wayth, RB Waterson, M Webster, RL Whitney, AR Williams, A Williams, CL Wyithe, JSB AF Sullivan, I. S. Morales, M. F. Hazelton, B. J. Arcus, W. Barnes, D. Bernardi, G. Briggs, F. H. Bowman, J. D. Bunton, J. D. Cappallo, R. J. Corey, B. E. Deshpande, A. deSouza, L. Emrich, D. Gaensler, B. M. Goeke, R. Greenhill, L. J. Herne, D. Hewitt, J. N. Johnston-Hollitt, M. Kaplan, D. L. Kasper, J. C. Kincaid, B. B. Koenig, R. Kratzenberg, E. Lonsdale, C. J. Lynch, M. J. McWhirter, S. R. Mitchell, D. A. Morgan, E. Oberoi, D. Ord, S. M. Pathikulangara, J. Prabu, T. Remillard, R. A. Rogers, A. E. E. Roshi, A. Salah, J. E. Sault, R. J. Shankar, N. Udaya Srivani, K. S. Stevens, J. Subrahmanyan, R. Tingay, S. J. Wayth, R. B. Waterson, M. Webster, R. L. Whitney, A. R. Williams, A. Williams, C. L. Wyithe, J. S. B. TI FAST HOLOGRAPHIC DECONVOLUTION: A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR PRECISION RADIO INTERFEROMETRY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark ages, reionization, first stars; techniques: image processing; techniques: interferometric ID MURCHISON WIDEFIELD ARRAY; POINT SOURCES; IMAGES; REIONIZATION; SUBTRACTION; CALIBRATION AB We introduce the Fast Holographic Deconvolution method for analyzing interferometric radio data. Our new method is an extension of A-projection/software-holography/forward modeling analysis techniques and shares their precision deconvolution and wide-field polarimetry, while being significantly faster than current implementations that use full direction-dependent antenna gains. Using data from the MWA 32 antenna prototype, we demonstrate the effectiveness and precision of our new algorithm. Fast Holographic Deconvolution may be particularly important for upcoming 21 cm cosmology observations of the Epoch of Reionization and Dark Energy where foreground subtraction is intimately related to the precision of the data reduction. C1 [Sullivan, I. S.; Morales, M. F.; Hazelton, B. J.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Arcus, W.; Emrich, D.; Herne, D.; Lynch, M. J.; Tingay, S. J.; Wayth, R. B.; Waterson, M.] Curtin Univ, Int Ctr Radio Astron Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Barnes, D.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Bernardi, G.; Greenhill, L. J.; Kasper, J. C.; Ord, S. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Briggs, F. H.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Bowman, J. D.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Sci Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Cappallo, R. J.; Corey, B. E.; Kincaid, B. B.; Kratzenberg, E.; Lonsdale, C. J.; McWhirter, S. R.; Oberoi, D.; Rogers, A. E. E.; Salah, J. E.; Whitney, A. R.] MIT Haystack Observ, Westford, MA USA. [Deshpande, A.; Prabu, T.; Roshi, A.; Shankar, N. Udaya; Srivani, K. S.; Subrahmanyan, R.] Raman Res Inst, Bangalore 560080, Karnataka, India. [deSouza, L.; Gaensler, B. M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Goeke, R.; Hewitt, J. N.; Morgan, E.; Remillard, R. A.; Williams, C. L.] MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA USA. [Johnston-Hollitt, M.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Chem & Phys Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. [Kaplan, D. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Sault, R. J.; Webster, R. L.; Wyithe, J. S. B.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Stevens, J.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Williams, A.] Perth Observ, Perth, WA, Australia. [Williams, A.] Univ Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. RP Sullivan, IS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI M, Manjunath/N-4000-2014; Bunton, John/A-4944-2008; Deshpande, Avinash/D-4868-2012; Johnston-Hollitt, Melanie/B-1803-2013; Udayashankar , N/D-4901-2012; Wayth, Randall/B-2444-2013; Tingay, Steven/B-5271-2013; Emrich, David/B-7002-2013; Waterson, Mark/B-7352-2013; Ord, Stephen/C-6138-2013; Kasper, Justin/D-1152-2010; Subrahmanyan, Ravi/D-4889-2012; Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; Williams, Andrew/K-2931-2013 OI M, Manjunath/0000-0001-8710-0730; Wyithe, Stuart/0000-0001-7956-9758; Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558; Wayth, Randall/0000-0002-6995-4131; Emrich, David/0000-0002-4058-1837; Waterson, Mark/0000-0002-0192-2686; Kasper, Justin/0000-0002-7077-930X; Williams, Andrew/0000-0001-9080-0105 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [AST CAREER-0847753, AST-1003314, AST-0457585, AST-1008353, AST-0908884, PHY-0835713]; Australian Research Council [LE0775621, LE0882938]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-0510247]; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; MIT School of Science; Raman Research Institute; Australian National University; iVEC Petabyte Data Store; Initiative in Innovative Computing and NVIDIA sponsored Center for Excellence at Harvard; International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research; Joint Venture of Curtin University of Technology; University of Western Australia; Western Australian State government FX Support for this work came from the U.S. National Science Foundation (grants AST CAREER-0847753, AST-1003314, AST-0457585, AST-1008353, AST-0908884, and PHY-0835713), the Australian Research Council (grants LE0775621 and LE0882938), the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant FA9550-0510247), the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, the MIT School of Science, the Raman Research Institute, the Australian National University, the iVEC Petabyte Data Store, the Initiative in Innovative Computing and NVIDIA sponsored Center for Excellence at Harvard, and the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, a Joint Venture of Curtin University of Technology and The University of Western Australia, funded by the Western Australian State government. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 1 AR 17 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/17 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030JL UT WOS:000310566900017 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Albert, A Allafort, A Atwood, WB Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Bissaldi, E Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bogart, JR Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bottacini, E Bouvier, A Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chaves, RCG Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Corbet, R Cutini, S D'Ammando, F Davis, DS de Angelis, A DeKlotz, M de Palma, F Dermer, CD Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Dubois, R Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Fortin, P Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Hou, X Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Jogler, T Johannesson, G Johnson, RP Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Larsson, S Latronico, L Lavalley, C Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE Mehault, J Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Naumann-Godo, M Nemmen, R Nishino, S Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Omodei, N Orienti, M Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Pierbattista, M Piron, F Pivato, G Porter, TA Racusin, JL Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Reyes, LC Ritz, S Rochester, LS Romoli, C Roth, M Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, DA Parkinson, PMS Sbarra, C Scargle, JD Sgro, C Siegal-Gaskins, J Siskind, EJ Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stephens, TE Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JG Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tinivella, M Tosti, G Troja, E Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Van Klaveren, B Vasileiou, V Vianello, G Vitale, V Waite, AP Wallace, E Winer, BL Wood, DL Wood, KS Wood, M Yang, Z Zimmer, S AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Albert, A. Allafort, A. Atwood, W. B. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bogart, J. R. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bottacini, E. Bouvier, A. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, O. Charles, E. Chaves, R. C. G. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Corbet, R. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. Davis, D. S. de Angelis, A. DeKlotz, M. de Palma, F. Dermer, C. D. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Dubois, R. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hou, X. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Jogler, T. Johannesson, G. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Lavalley, C. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. Mehault, J. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Naumann-Godo, M. Nemmen, R. Nishino, S. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Omodei, N. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Pierbattista, M. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Porter, T. A. Racusin, J. L. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Reyes, L. C. Ritz, S. Rochester, L. S. Romoli, C. Roth, M. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Sbarra, C. Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Siegal-Gaskins, J. Siskind, E. J. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stephens, T. E. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tinivella, M. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Van Klaveren, B. Vasileiou, V. Vianello, G. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wallace, E. Winer, B. L. Wood, D. L. Wood, K. S. Wood, M. Yang, Z. Zimmer, S. TI THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE ON ORBIT: EVENT CLASSIFICATION, INSTRUMENT RESPONSE FUNCTIONS, AND CALIBRATION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: detectors; instrumentation: miscellaneous; methods: data analysis; methods: observational; telescopes ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; SPACE-TELESCOPE; LAT OBSERVATIONS; SOURCE CATALOG; VELA PULSAR; MISSION; TESTS; EGRET AB The Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT, hereafter LAT), the primary instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) mission, is an imaging, wide field-of-view, high-energy gamma-ray telescope, covering the energy range from 20 MeV to more than 300 GeV. During the first years of the mission, the LAT team has gained considerable insight into the in-flight performance of the instrument. Accordingly, we have updated the analysis used to reduce LAT data for public release as well as the instrument response functions (IRFs), the description of the instrument performance provided for data analysis. In this paper, we describe the effects that motivated these updates. Furthermore, we discuss how we originally derived IRFs from Monte Carlo simulations and later corrected those IRFs for discrepancies observed between flight and simulated data. We also give details of the validations performed using flight data and quantify the residual uncertainties in the IRFs. Finally, we describe techniques the LAT team has developed to propagate those uncertainties into estimates of the systematic errors on common measurements such as fluxes and spectra of astrophysical sources. C1 [Ackermann, M.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bogart, J. R.; Borgland, A. W.; Bottacini, E.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Jogler, T.; Kamae, T.; Kerr, M.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Okumura, A.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Van Klaveren, B.; Vianello, G.; Waite, A. P.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bogart, J. R.; Borgland, A. W.; Bottacini, E.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Jogler, T.; Kamae, T.; Kerr, M.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Okumura, A.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Van Klaveren, B.; Vianello, G.; Waite, A. P.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Albert, A.; Hughes, R. E.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Bouvier, A.; Johnson, R. P.; Razzano, M.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Bouvier, A.; Johnson, R. P.; Razzano, M.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Axelsson, M.; Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Larsson, S.; Yang, Z.; Zimmer, S.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Jackson, M. S.] AlbaNova, Dept Phys, Royal Inst Technol KTH, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baldini, L.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Chaves, R. C. G.; Grenier, I. A.; Naumann-Godo, M.; Pierbattista, M.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CNRS, CEA,IRFU,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Sbarra, C.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Pivato, G.; Rando, R.; Romoli, C.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Kuss, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.; Tinivella, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bissaldi, E.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Bissaldi, E.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; D'Ammando, F.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brandt, T. J.; Celik, O.; Corbet, R.; Davis, D. S.; Ferrara, E. C.; Gehrels, N.; Guiriec, S.; Hays, E.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Nemmen, R.; Perkins, J. S.; Racusin, J. L.; Stephens, T. E.; Thompson, D. J.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Roth, M.; Wallace, E.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Hadasch, D.] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai IEEE, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [Celik, O.; Moiseev, A. A.; Perkins, J. S.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, O.; Corbet, R.; Davis, D. S.; Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, O.; Corbet, R.; Davis, D. S.; Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Razzaque, S.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cheung, C. C.; Johnson, T. J.] Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Lavalley, C.; Mehault, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.; Yang, Z.; Zimmer, S.] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [D'Ammando, F.] IASF Palermo, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [DeKlotz, M.] Stellar Solut Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. [Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fukazawa, Y.; Nishino, S.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Hayashida, M.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Hou, X.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Reposeur, T.] Univ Bordeaux 1, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3, CNRS, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Katagiri, H.] Ibaraki Univ, Coll Sci, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.] IRAP, CNRS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Knoedlseder, J.] Univ Toulouse, GAHEC, UPS OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse, France. [Latronico, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.] Boise State Univ, Dept Phys, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Ohno, M.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Okumura, A.; Tajima, H.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Perkins, J. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Reyes, L. C.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 USA. [Sanchez, D. A.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Div Space Sci, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siegal-Gaskins, J.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Stephens, T. E.] Wyle Labs, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Vianello, G.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Wood, D. L.] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. EM luca.baldini@pi.infn.it; echarles@slac.stanford.edu; rando@pd.infn.it RI Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Racusin, Judith/D-2935-2012; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Saz Parkinson, Pablo Miguel/I-7980-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Nemmen, Rodrigo/O-6841-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; OI Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Stephens, Thomas/0000-0003-3065-6871; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Zimmer, Stephan/0000-0002-5735-0082; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 FU K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; European Community [ERC-StG-259391]; Commonwealth Government FX Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation.; Funded by contract ERC-StG-259391 from the European Community.; The Parkes radio telescope is part of the Australia Telescope, which is funded by the Commonwealth Government for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. We thank our colleagues for their assistance with the radio timing observations. NR 52 TC 215 Z9 215 U1 5 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 203 IS 1 AR 4 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/203/1/4 PG 70 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 034YH UT WOS:000310908300004 ER PT J AU Vivian, U Sanders, DB Mazzarella, JM Evans, AS Howell, JH Surace, JA Armus, L Iwasawa, K Kim, DC Casey, CM Vavilkin, T Dufault, M Larson, KL Barnes, JE Chan, BHP Frayer, DT Haan, S Inami, H Ishida, CM Kartaltepe, JS Melbourne, JL Petric, AO AF Vivian, U. Sanders, D. B. Mazzarella, J. M. Evans, A. S. Howell, J. H. Surace, J. A. Armus, L. Iwasawa, K. Kim, D. -C. Casey, C. M. Vavilkin, T. Dufault, M. Larson, K. L. Barnes, J. E. Chan, B. H. P. Frayer, D. T. Haan, S. Inami, H. Ishida, C. M. Kartaltepe, J. S. Melbourne, J. L. Petric, A. O. TI SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS OF LOCAL LUMINOUS AND ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: interactions; galaxies: photometry; infrared: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SKY LIRG SURVEY; STAR-FORMATION; STARBURST GALAXIES; GHZ ATLAS; DUST; SAMPLE; STELLAR; ULTRAVIOLET; RESOLUTION AB Luminous (LIRGs; log (L-IR/L-circle dot) = 11.00-11.99) and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs; log (L-IR/L-circle dot) = 12.00-12.99) are the most extreme star-forming galaxies in the universe. The local (U)LIRGs provide a unique opportunity to study their multi-wavelength properties in detail for comparison with their more numerous counterparts at high redshifts. We present common large aperture photometry at radio through X-ray wavelengths and spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for a sample of 53 nearby (z < 0.083) LIRGs and 11 ULIRGs spanning log (L-IR/L-circle dot) = 11.14-12.57 from the flux-limited (f(60 mu m) > 5.24 Jy) Great Observatories All-sky LIRG Survey. The SEDs for all objects are similar in that they show a broad, thermal stellar peak (similar to 0.3-2 mu m), and a dominant FIR (similar to 40-200 mu m) thermal dust peak, where vL(v) (60 mu m)/vL(v) (V) increases from similar to 2 to 30 with increasing L-IR. When normalized at IRAS 60 mu m, the largest range in the luminosity ratio, R(lambda) = log[vL(v)(lambda)/vL(v) (60 mu m)], observed over the full sample is seen in the hard X-rays (HX = 2-10 keV), where Delta R-HX = 3.73 ((R) over bar (HX) = -3.10). A small range is found in the radio (1.4 GHz), Delta R-1.4 GHz = 1.75, where the mean ratio is largest, ((R) over bar (1.4 GHz) = -5.81). Total infrared luminosities, L-IR(8-1000 mu m), dust temperatures, and dust masses were computed from fitting thermal dust emission modified blackbodies to the mid-infrared (MIR) through submillimeter SEDs. The new results reflect an overall similar to 0.02 dex lower luminosity than the original IRAS values. Total stellar masses were computed by fitting stellar population synthesis models to the observed near-infrared (NIR) through ultraviolet (UV) SEDs. Mean stellar masses are found to be log(M-*/M-circle dot) = 10.79 +/- 0.40. Star formation rates have been determined from the infrared (SFRIR similar to 45M(circle dot) yr(-1)) and from the monochromatic UV luminosities (SFRUV similar to 1.3M(circle dot) yr(-1)), respectively. Multi-wavelength active galactic nucleus (AGN) indicators have be used to select putative AGNs: About 60% of the ULIRGs would have been classified as an AGN by at least one of the selection criteria. C1 [Vivian, U.; Sanders, D. B.; Casey, C. M.; Larson, K. L.; Barnes, J. E.; Ishida, C. M.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Vivian, U.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mazzarella, J. M.; Howell, J. H.; Chan, B. H. P.] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Evans, A. S.; Kim, D. -C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Evans, A. S.; Kim, D. -C.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Howell, J. H.; Surace, J. A.; Armus, L.; Petric, A. O.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Iwasawa, K.] Univ Barcelona IEEC UB, ICREA, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Iwasawa, K.] Univ Barcelona IEEC UB, Inst Ciencies Cosmos, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Vavilkin, T.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Dufault, M.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Frayer, D. T.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. [Haan, S.] CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Marsfield, NSW 2122, Australia. [Inami, H.; Kartaltepe, J. S.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Melbourne, J. L.] CALTECH, Caltech Opt Observ, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Vivian, U (reprint author), NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM vivian@ifa.hawaii.edu OI Mazzarella, Joseph/0000-0002-8204-8619; Casey, Caitlin/0000-0002-0930-6466 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; NASA; JPL Contract/IRAC GTO Grant [1256790]; Giovanni Fazio via the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Predoctoral Fellowship FX V. U. thanks O. Ilbert and S. Arnouts for their help with using the Le PHARE code, C. J. Ma for his help with UH 2.2 m data acquisition and reduction, T.-T. Yuan for her help with various scientific and technical contributions, and C. W. K. Chiang for statistical consult and technical help with Figures 1 and 3. V. U. also extends appreciation toward the UH TAC for their generous support of this project in awarding telescope time on Mauna Kea, as well as Colin Aspin and the UH 2.2 m Telescope staff for their help and support in the acquisition of the ground-based optical photometry. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) and IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which are operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This publication has also made use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. V. U. wishes to acknowledge funding support from the NASA Harriet G. Jenkins Predoctoral Fellowship Project and Giovanni Fazio via the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Predoctoral Fellowship and JPL Contract/IRAC GTO Grant 1256790. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Michele Dufault, who led the effort to obtain accurate large aperature photometric optical and near-infrared data for our complete sample of objects, and whose early work was critical in our decision to publish this paper. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 203 IS 1 AR 9 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/203/1/9 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 034YH UT WOS:000310908300009 ER PT J AU Jakobsen, L Kalko, EKV Surlykke, A AF Jakobsen, Lasse Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. Surlykke, Annemarie TI Echolocation beam shape in emballonurid bats, Saccopteryx bilineata and Cormura brevirostris SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bat; Emballonuridae; Echolocation; Beam shape; Directionality ID SOUND EMISSION PATTERN; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; CAROLLIA-PERSPICILLATA; RADIATION-PATTERNS; DIRECTIONALITY; SONAR; BEHAVIOR; FIELD; PREY AB The shape of the sonar beam plays a crucial role in how echolocating bats perceive their surroundings. Signal design may thus be adapted to optimize beam shape to a given context. Studies suggest that this is indeed true for vespertilionid bats, but little is known from the remaining 16 families of echolocating bats. We investigated the echolocation beam shape of two species of emballonurid bats, Cormura brevirostris and Saccopteryx bilineata, while they navigated a large outdoor flight cage on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. C. brevirostris emitted more directional signals than did S. bilineata. The difference in directionality was due to a markedly different energy distribution in the calls. C. brevirostris emitted two call types, a multiharmonic shallowly frequency-modulated call and a multiharmonic sweep, both with most energy in the fifth harmonic around 68 kHz. S. bilineata emitted only one call type, multiharmonic shallowly frequency-modulated calls with most energy in the second harmonic (similar to 46 kHz). When comparing same harmonic number, the directionality of the calls of the two bat species was nearly identical. However, the difference in energy distribution in the calls made the signals emitted by C. brevirostris more directional overall than those emitted by S. bilineata. We hypothesize that the upward shift in frequency exhibited by C. brevirostris serves to increase directionality, in order to generate a less cluttered auditory scene. The study indicates that emballonurid bats are forced to adjust their relative harmonic energy instead of adjusting the fundamental frequency, as the vespertilionids do, presumably due to a less flexible sound production. C1 [Jakobsen, Lasse; Surlykke, Annemarie] Univ So Denmark, Inst Biol, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Jakobsen, L (reprint author), Univ So Denmark, Inst Biol, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark. EM lasse@biology.sdu.dk FU Carlsberg foundation; Danish Council for Natural Sciences; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI); German Science Foundation (DFG) FX We thank Ali Shekarchi for help with development of the energy compensation method, John Ratcliffe, Frants Havmand Jensen, Maria Wilson, Brock Fenton, and an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments on the manuscript. The study was funded by the Carlsberg foundation (to L.J.), The Danish Council for Natural Sciences (FNU to A. M. S.), and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) and the German Science Foundation (DFG; to E.K.V.K.). NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 66 IS 11 BP 1493 EP 1502 DI 10.1007/s00265-012-1404-6 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 035YV UT WOS:000310991100006 ER PT J AU Pelletier, J Kirby, KR Potvin, C AF Pelletier, Johanne Kirby, Kathryn R. Potvin, Catherine TI Significance of carbon stock uncertainties on emission reductions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDO); Forest carbon density; Uncertainty; Climate Change; Developing countries ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; BRAZILIAN-AMAZON; TROPICAL FOREST; ALLOMETRIC EQUATIONS; REDUCING EMISSIONS; BIOMASS ESTIMATION; LANDSCAPE-SCALE; NORWAY SPRUCE; LAND-USE; STORAGE AB A historical agreement was reached in Bali under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, encouraging countries to initiate actions to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD). In this context, we use a Panama-based example to show the impacts of the current levels of uncertainty in forest carbon density estimates on GHG baseline estimation and estimations of emission reductions. Using five aboveground tree carbon stock estimates for Moist Tropical forest in a simulation study, we found a difference in terms of annual CO2 emissions of more than 100% between the lowest and the highest estimates. We analyze the economic significance to show that when comparing the income generated for the different forest carbon density estimates to the cost of 10% reduced deforestation, the break-even point differs from US$6.74 to US$16.58 per ton of CO2e between the highest and the lowest estimate. We argue that for a country such as Panama, improving the quality of forest carbon stock estimates would make economic sense since the highest forest carbon density estimates were developed nationally while the lowest estimate is the global default value. REDD could result in a huge incentive for forest protection and improved forest management, in consequence, we highlight that progress on the incorporation of uncertainty analysis and on the mitigation of the main sources of error in forest carbon density estimates merit further methodological guidance. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pelletier, Johanne; Potvin, Catherine] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Kirby, Kathryn R.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, Ctr Appl Conservat Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Potvin, Catherine] Autoridad Nacl Ambiente, Panama City, Panama. RP Pelletier, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM johannepelletier@gmail.com RI Pelletier, Johanne/E-3156-2016 OI Pelletier, Johanne/0000-0001-8161-6410 FU FQRNT (Quebec); NSERC (Canada); NSERC; ANAM; Faculty of Science of McGill University; Blue Moon Fund; Global Environment and Climate Change Center; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute FX We thank the National Authority for the Environment of Panama (ANAM) in particular, Ing. E. Reyes, C. Melgarejo, and R. Gutierrez for providing data and useful discussion for this research. We are grateful to N. Ramankutty and F. Guichard for their support. Funding for JP, KK, and CP came respectively from FQRNT (Quebec), NSERC (Canada), and NSERC Discovery grant. CP acknowledges the opportunity to work with ANAM on REDD as well as their financial assistance to attend the relevant UNFCCC meetings. The Faculty of Science of McGill University (CP), the Blue Moon Fund (CP) the Global Environment and Climate Change Center (JP), and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute further provided financial support to attend the negotiations. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 69 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 24 SI SI BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2010.05.005 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 036ZC UT WOS:000311069800002 ER PT J AU Balogh, A Bykov, A Lin, R Raymond, J Scholer, M AF Balogh, Andre Bykov, Andrei Lin, Robert Raymond, John Scholer, Manfred TI Cosmic Plasmas and Particle Acceleration: An Introduction SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Balogh, Andre] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Bykov, Andrei] Russian Acad Sci, Ioffe Inst Phys & Technol, St Petersburg, Russia. [Lin, Robert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Raymond, John] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Scholer, Manfred] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Balogh, A (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM a.balogh@imperial.ac.uk RI Bykov, Andrei/E-3131-2014 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 173 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1007/s11214-012-9937-6 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 034MR UT WOS:000310878100001 ER PT J AU Helder, EA Vink, J Bykov, AM Ohira, Y Raymond, JC Terrier, R AF Helder, E. A. Vink, J. Bykov, A. M. Ohira, Y. Raymond, J. C. Terrier, R. TI Observational Signatures of Particle Acceleration in Supernova Remnants SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Supernova remnants; Cosmic rays; Acceleration of particles ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; DIFFUSIVE SHOCK ACCELERATION; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; MAGNETIC-FIELD AMPLIFICATION; BALMER-DOMINATED SHOCKS; VERY-HIGH-ENERGY; CASSIOPEIA-A SUPERNOVA; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS; NONTHERMAL X-RAYS AB We evaluate the current status of supernova remnants as the sources of Galactic cosmic rays. We summarize observations of supernova remnants, covering the whole electromagnetic spectrum and describe what these observations tell us about the acceleration processes by high Mach number shock fronts. We discuss the shock modification by cosmic rays, the shape and maximum energy of the cosmic-ray spectrum and the total energy budget of cosmic rays in and surrounding supernova remnants. Additionally, we discuss problems with supernova remnants as main sources of Galactic cosmic rays, as well as alternative sources. C1 [Helder, E. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Vink, J.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Bykov, A. M.] St Petersburg State Politech Univ, Ioffe Inst Phys & Technol, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Ohira, Y.] KEK High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Ctr Theory, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Raymond, J. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Terrier, R.] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, CEA, F-75013 Paris, France. RP Helder, EA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM helder@psu.edu; j.vink@uva.nl; byk@astro.ioffe.ru; ohira@post.kek.jp; jraymond@cfa.harvard.edu; rterrier@in2p3.fr RI Bykov, Andrei/E-3131-2014 FU SAO [GO0-11072X]; Russian government [11.G34.31.0001]; RAS Presidium; RFBR [11-02-12082] FX We thank the anonymous referee for carefully reading the manuscript. The authors thank the ISSI in Bern for their hospitality and for organizing the workshop that resulted in this chapter. This work has been supported by SAO grant GO0-11072X (E.A.H.). A.M.B. was supported in part by the Russian government grant 11.G34.31.0001 to Sankt-Petersburg State Politechnical University, and also by the RAS Presidium Program and by the RFBR grant 11-02-12082. He performed the simulations at the Joint Supercomputing Center (JSCC RAS) and the Supercomputing Center at Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg. NR 378 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 173 IS 1-4 BP 369 EP 431 DI 10.1007/s11214-012-9919-8 PG 63 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 034MR UT WOS:000310878100012 ER PT J AU Francoy, TM Franco, FD Roubik, DW AF Francoy, Tiago Mauricio Franco, Fernando de Faria Roubik, David W. TI Integrated landmark and outline-based morphometric methods efficiently distinguish species of Euglossa (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini) SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE euglossine bees; species identification; morphometrics; wings; quantitative traits ID GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS; WING MORPHOLOGY; HONEY-BEES; SHAPE; IDENTIFICATION; MELIPONINI; VARIABILITY; REVOLUTION; LATREILLE; TOOL AB Morphometric methods permit identification of insect species and are an aid for taxonomy. Quantitative wing traits were used to identify male euglossine bees. Landmark- and outline-based methods have been primarily used independently. Here, we combine the two methods using five Euglossa. Landmark-based methods correctly classified 84% and outline-based 77%, but an integrated analysis correctly classified 91% of samples. Some species presented significantly high reclassification percentages when only wing cell contour was considered, and correct identification of specimens with damaged wings was also obtained using this methodology. C1 [Francoy, Tiago Mauricio] Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Artes Ciencias & Humanidades, BR-03828000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Franco, Fernando de Faria] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Biol, CCTS, BR-18052780 Sorocaba, Brazil. [Roubik, David W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Francoy, TM (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Artes Ciencias & Humanidades, Rua Arlindo Bettio 1000, BR-03828000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM tfrancoy@usp.br OI Francoy, Tiago Mauricio/0000-0002-2413-966X FU FAPESP [2011/0946-0, 2011/07857-9]; CNPq [151947/2007-4] FX This work was supported by FAPESP (2011/0946-0 and 2011/07857-9 to T.M.F.) and CNPq (151947/2007-4 to T.M.F.) NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD NOV PY 2012 VL 43 IS 6 BP 609 EP 617 DI 10.1007/s13592-012-0132-2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 033PL UT WOS:000310810200001 ER PT J AU Spercoski, KM Morais, RN Morato, RG de Paula, RC Azevedo, FC May-Junior, JA Santos, JP Reghelin, AL Wildt, DE Songsasen, N AF Spercoski, Katherinne M. Morais, Rosana N. Morato, Ronaldo G. de Paula, Rogerio C. Azevedo, Fernanda C. May-Junior, Joares A. Santos, Jean P. Reghelin, Angela L. Wildt, David E. Songsasen, Nucharin TI Adrenal activity in maned wolves is higher on farmlands and park boundaries than within protected areas SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Maned wolf; Adrenal activity; Fecal corticoid metabolites; Free-ranging; Anthropogenic pressure; Seasonality ID PLASMA GLUCOCORTICOID CONCENTRATIONS; WOLF CHRYSOCYON-BRACHYURUS; STRESS RESPONSES; FECAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; WILD; CONSERVATION; CORTISOL; HORMONE AB In this study we measured excreted fecal corticoid metabolites (FCM) in maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) living within a protected reserve, on farmlands or in a boundary zone between the two habitats, and determined the impacts of season and reproductive status on adrenal activity. Feces were collected within a national park (n = 191 samples), a park boundary zone (n = 39) and on nearby farmlands (n = 27), processed and analyzed by enzyme immunoassay. FCM amounts from samples collected on farmlands were higher (P < 0.05) than in those collected inside the reserve and from the boundary zone. In relation to seasonality, FCM were elevated (P < 0.05) in spring (September-November) when wolf pairs were raising young. We then divided the samples collected during breeding season (March-August) into cycling females and male/non-cycling females based on fecal progesterone: fecal testosterone ratio. FCM concentrations of the former collected inside the park were higher than (P < 0.05) than the latter group. However, there were no differences in FCM levels between the two groups for samples collected in the boundary zone and on farmlands. Furthermore, FCM concentrations of male/non-cycling females samples collected on farmlands were 2- to 5-fold higher (P < 0.05) than in counterparts collected inside the park. The consistently high FCM concentrations in samples collected on farmlands indicate that, in addition to seasonality, gender and reproductive status, anthropogenic pressures also contribute to elevating adrenal steroid for individuals living in altered habitat. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wildt, David E.; Songsasen, Nucharin] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Spercoski, Katherinne M.; Morais, Rosana N.; Reghelin, Angela L.] Univ Fed Parana, Sect Biol Sci, Dept Physiol, Ctr Polytech, BR-81531990 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Morato, Ronaldo G.; de Paula, Rogerio C.] Natl Res Ctr Conservat & Management Carnivores, Chico Mendes Inst Biodivers Conservat CENAP ICMBi, BR-12952011 Atibaia, SP, Brazil. [Morato, Ronaldo G.; de Paula, Rogerio C.; May-Junior, Joares A.; Santos, Jean P.] Inst Conservat Neotrop Carnivores, BR-12945010 Atibaia, SP, Brazil. [Azevedo, Fernanda C.] Cerrado Mammals Conservat Program, BR-38446000 Araguari, MG, Brazil. RP Songsasen, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Natl Zool Pk, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM kethymaria@yahoo.com.br; moraisrn@gmail.com; ronaldo.morato@icmbio.gov.br; rogerio.paula@icmbio.gov.br; cavalcantifer@yahoo.com.br; joaresmay@ig.com.br; canastra.jean@procarnivoros.org.br; angela_reghelin@yahoo.com.br; wildtd@si.edu; songsasenn@si.edu RI Morais, Rosana/R-4928-2016; May-Junior, Joares/C-9231-2016 OI Morais, Rosana/0000-0002-0816-4371; May-Junior, Joares/0000-0002-0007-9690 FU Morris Animal Foundation [D04ZO-77]; Association of Zoo and Aquarium's Maned Wolf Species Survival; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) - Brazil FX This study was supported by the Morris Animal Foundation (Grant# D04ZO-77) and the Association of Zoo and Aquarium's Maned Wolf Species Survival. A scholarship to K. Spercoski was provided by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) - Brazil. The authors thank Nicole Presley, Juliana Demori and Viviane Pismel for technical assistance and logistical support. This research was conducted within legal requirements (licenses #108/2006, DIREC, IBAMA) and under license #147/05 and 356/06, CNPq (Nucharin Songsasen and David Wildt). NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 40 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 179 IS 2 BP 232 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.08.002 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 034HM UT WOS:000310863500011 PM 22917914 ER PT J AU Joo, B Clark, MA AF Joo, Balint Clark, Mike A. TI Lattice QCD on GPU clusters, using the QUDA library and the Chroma software system SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Lattice QCD; GPU Computing; Chroma; QUDA; Nuclear Physics AB The QUDA library for optimized lattice quantum chromodynamics using GPUs, combined with a high-level application framework such as the Chroma software system, provides a powerful tool for computing quark propagators, a key step in current calculations of hadron spectroscopy, nuclear structure, and nuclear forces. In this contribution we discuss our experiences, including performance and strong scaling of the QUDA library and Chroma on the Edge Cluster at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and on various clusters at Jefferson Lab. We highlight some scientific successes and consider future directions for graphics processing units in lattice quantum chromodynamics calculations. C1 [Joo, Balint] Jefferson Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Clark, Mike A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Joo, B (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave,Suite 3,MS 12B2,Room F217, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM bjoo@jlab.org FU U.S. DOE [DE-FC02-06ER41440, DE-FC02-06ER41449, DE-AC05-06OR23177]; NSF [OCI-1060067] FX Balint Joo gratefully acknowledges funding through U.S. DOE project grants DE-FC02-06ER41440 and DE-FC02-06ER41449 (USQCD SciDAC project) and DE-AC05-06OR23177 under which Jefferson Science Associates LLC manages and operates Jefferson Lab. Mike A Clark acknowledges funding under NSF grant OCI-1060067. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 26 IS 4 SI SI BP 386 EP 398 DI 10.1177/1094342011429695 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 033KZ UT WOS:000310796300007 ER PT J AU Ornelas-Garcia, CP Alda, F Diaz-Pardo, E Gutierrez-Hernandez, A Doadrio, I AF Ornelas-Garcia, C. P. Alda, F. Diaz-Pardo, E. Gutierrez-Hernandez, A. Doadrio, I. TI Genetic diversity shaped by historical and recent factors in the live-bearing twoline skiffia Neotoca bilineata SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; demographic stochasticity; Goodeinae; habitat loss; population genetics; water quality ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; CENTRAL MEXICO; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; POPULATION-SIZE; FRESH-WATER; ZOOGONETICUS-QUITZEOENSIS; PHENOTYPIC ASSOCIATIONS; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ISLAND POPULATIONS AB The endangered twoline skiffia Neotoca bilineata, a viviparous fish of the subfamily Goodeinae, endemic to central Mexico (inhabiting two basins, Cuitzeo and Lerma-Santiago) was evaluated using genetic and habitat information. The genetic variation of all remaining populations of the species was analysed using both mitochondrial and microsatellite markers and their habitat conditions were assessed using a water quality index (I-WQ). An 80% local extinction was found across the distribution of N. bilineata. The species was found in three of the 16 historical localities plus one previously unreported site. Most areas inhabited by the remaining populations had I-WQ scores unsuitable for the conservation of freshwater biodiversity. Populations showed low but significant genetic differentiation with both markers (mtDNA phi(ST) = 0.076, P < 0.001; microsatellite F-ST = 0.314, P < 0.001). Borbollon, in the Cuitzeo Basin, showed the highest level of differentiation and was identified as a single genetic unit by Bayesian assignment methods. Rio Grande de Morelia and Salamanca populations showed the highest genetic diversity and also a high migration rate facilitated by an artificial channel that connected the two basins. Overall, high genetic diversity values were observed compared with other freshwater fishes (average N-a = 16 alleles and loci and mean +/- S.D. H-o = 0.63 +/- 0.10 and nucleotide diversity pi = 0.006). This suggests that the observed genetic diversity has not diminished as rapidly as the species' habitat destruction. No evidence of correlation between habitat conditions and genetic diversity was found. The current pattern of genetic diversity may be the result of both historical factors and recent modifications of the hydrological system. The main threat to the species may be the rapid habitat deterioration and associated demographic stochasticity rather than genetic factors. (C) 2012 The Authors Journal of Fish Biology (C) 2012 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Ornelas-Garcia, C. P.; Alda, F.; Doadrio, I.] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Biodiversidad & Biol Evolut, Madrid, Spain. [Ornelas-Garcia, C. P.] Univ Autonoma Tlaxcala, Ctr Tlaxcala Biol Conducta, Tlaxcala, Mexico. [Alda, F.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Diaz-Pardo, E.; Gutierrez-Hernandez, A.] Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Fac Ciencias Nat, Lab Biol Acuat Licenciatura Biol, Queretaro, Mexico. RP Ornelas-Garcia, CP (reprint author), CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Biodiversidad & Biol Evolut, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, Madrid, Spain. EM patriciaornelasg@gmail.com OI Doadrio, Ignacio/0000-0003-4863-9711 FU Ministerio de Educacion [CGL 2006-1235BOS]; CONACyT - SIHGO [2002020618]; CONACyT - Fundacion Carolina [196833]; Spanish Ministry of Education FX The authors thank O. Dominguez for providing genetic material, L. Alcaraz for assistance with laboratory work and C. Pedraza for helping with an early version of the manuscript and field assistance. We thank J. V. Navarro from CONAGUA for his assistance and for providing the water quality data. This study was funded by projects: Ministerio de Educacion (CGL 2006-1235BOS) - Modelo Integral para el Establecimiento de zonas de Conservacion en la Mesa Central de Mexico and CONACyT - SIHGO (2002020618) - Propuesta de conservacion y manejo de la ictiofauna vivipara de las subcuencas Medio Lerma y Alto Panuco. C.P.O.-G. was supported by grant 196833 from CONACyT - Fundacion Carolina. F. A. benefitted from a FPU pre-doctoral grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education. NR 91 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1963 EP 1984 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03456.x PG 22 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 032OG UT WOS:000310728000010 PM 23130693 ER PT J AU Ubelaker, DH Zarenko, KM AF Ubelaker, Douglas H. Zarenko, Kristina M. TI Can Handedness be Determined from Skeletal Remains? A Chronological Review of the Literature SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic anthropology; handedness; human skeletal remains; skeletal morphology ID HUMERAL BILATERAL ASYMMETRY; DIRECTIONAL ASYMMETRY; HAND DOMINANCE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; UPPER-LIMB; INTERTUBERCULAR SULCUS; FUNCTIONAL ASYMMETRY; JUGULAR FORAMEN; 2ND METACARPAL; CORTICAL BONE AB Research indicates that considerable bilateral asymmetry exists in the skeletons of primates, including humans. The published literature suggests that although this asymmetry may be influenced by handedness, it reflects other factors as well. Although exact statistics of handedness in the modern population are not available because definitions of handedness vary greatly, it is known that we live in a predominantly right-handed world. This knowledge makes the determination of handedness in forensic cases not as paramount in importance as other determinations. Review of the published scientific evidence clearly reveals that observations and measurements of the human skeleton cannot determine handedness with the degree of confidence needed for forensic applications. C1 [Ubelaker, Douglas H.; Zarenko, Kristina M.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, NMNH, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ubelaker, DH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, NMNH, MRC 112, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM ubelaked@si.edu NR 88 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1421 EP 1426 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02173.x PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 030EV UT WOS:000310553200001 PM 22563734 ER PT J AU Ayala, RC Bayona, G Cardona, A Ojeda, C Montenegro, OC Montes, C Valencia, V Jaramillo, C AF Ayala, R. C. Bayona, G. Cardona, A. Ojeda, C. Montenegro, O. C. Montes, C. Valencia, V. Jaramillo, C. TI The paleogene synorogenic succession in the northwestern Maracaibo block: Tracking intraplate uplifts and changes in sediment delivery systems SO JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Paleogene; Maracaibo block; Provenance; Geochronology; Caribbean plate ID MIDDLE MAGDALENA VALLEY; LLANOS FORELAND BASIN; PLATE BOUNDARY ZONE; EASTERN CORDILLERA; NORTHERN ANDES; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; WESTERN VENEZUELA; COLOMBIAN ANDES; SOUTH-AMERICA; ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY AB The integration of sandstone petrography, detrital zircon U-Pb ages, and sedimentological data was carried out for lower Paleogene rocks in four sections of the western Maracaibo Block, allowing for the documentation of a shift from regional to localized fluvial drainage systems associated with intraplate uplifts. The lower to middle Paleocene units have similar thicknesses, and show a depositional profile varying northward from fluvial-estuarine environments to shallow marine carbonates. Sandstones show high quartz percentages (up to 80%) and detrital zircon age populations are dominantly older than 0.9 Ga (with peaks in 1.55 and 1.8 Ga), with minor populations in the range of 400-600 Ma. In contrast, the upper Paleocene units were deposited in marginal, coal-rich environments, and have strong variations in thickness among the four studied areas. These sandstones show quartz percentages between 40 and 70%, and have a significant increase in metamorphic fragments (approximately 13% of the total framework) as compared to the lower Paleocene sandstones (5-7% of metamorphic lithic fragments). The lower Eocene sandstones, on the other hand, show an increase in k-feldspars and quartz content. The detrital zircon age populations for the upper Paleocene and lower Eocene sandstones in the western sections show a strong decrease in ages from 1.3 to 2.5 Ga and an increase in ages from 55 to 360 Ma; in contrast, age populations older than 0.9 Ga persist in the southern section. The lower-middle Paleocene rocks suggest a regional, basin-wide drainage system fed by the Cretaceous sedimentary cover exposed in low-amplitude localized uplifts and developed a mixed siliciclastic-carbonatic platform in the shelf areas. On the other hand, the upper Paleocene-lower Eocene synorogenic succession accumulated in several basin compartments separated by more pronounced source areas and recorded the introduction of new ones. These sandstones contain basement rock fragments from marginal uplifts of the Santa Marta Massif and the Central Cordillera, as well as fragments from emerging intraplate ranges, such as the Perija Range and the Santander massif. Caribbean subduction along the northwestern margin of South America induced tectonic changes inside the Maracaibo Block, modifing sedimentary depocenters from a regional basin (ca. 300 km width) to isolated intermontane basins, which have been separated since the late Paleocene to present. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ayala, R. C.; Bayona, G.; Ojeda, C.; Montenegro, O. C.] Corp Geol Ares, Bogota, Colombia. [Cardona, A.; Montes, C.; Jaramillo, C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Valencia, V.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ayala, RC (reprint author), Corp Geol Ares, Calle 44A 53-96, Bogota, Colombia. EM caroayalacalvo@gmail.com OI Montes, Camilo/0000-0002-3553-0787 FU Corporacion Geologica Ares; FPIT (Fundacion para la Promocion de la investigacion y la Tecnologia del Banco de la Republica); Colciencias FX This work was done as a result of several years of research in basins and massifs of the western Maracaibo block, where we have made field work, petrography, geochronology, geochemistry and other study techniques. We are very grateful with Corporacion Geologica Ares, FPIT (Fundacion para la Promocion de la investigacion y la Tecnologia del Banco de la Republica) and Colciencias for their financial and technical support during the different phases of research, and to make possible the elaboration of several papers, undergraduate and M.Sc. thesis dissertations. Assistance of Arizona Laserchron Center people (George Gherles, Mauricio Ibanez) was very useful in geochronological analyses. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute geologists (Luis Quiroz, Cesar Silva, and Carlos Jaramillo's Lab Members) made the field work in the northwestern Maracaibo Basin and collected the samples presented here. We thank the technical and security staff of Drummond Ltd., Carbones del Cerrejon and Carbones del Guasare for their logistical support during the field trips inside the coal mines and nearby localities. NR 120 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-9811 J9 J S AM EARTH SCI JI J. South Am. Earth Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 39 BP 93 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.jsames.2012.04.005 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 024KF UT WOS:000310107400009 ER PT J AU Ochoa, D Hoorn, C Jaramillo, C Bayona, G Parra, M De la Parra, F AF Ochoa, D. Hoorn, C. Jaramillo, C. Bayona, G. Parra, M. De la Parra, F. TI The final phase of tropical lowland conditions in the axial zone of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: Evidence from three palynological records SO JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Eastern Cordillera; Santa Teresa Formation; Usme Formation; Concentracion Formation; Andean orogeny; Late Eocene-Early Miocene ID MIDDLE MAGDALENA VALLEY; NORTHERN SOUTH-AMERICA; LLANOS FORELAND BASIN; AMAZON RIVER; PETROLEUM GEOLOGY; MARINE INCURSION; ANDEAN UPLIFT; POLLEN RECORD; ILANOS BASIN; LATE MIOCENE AB Deformation of the Eastern Cordillera, as a double-verging thrust belt that separates the Magdalena Valley from the Llanos Basin, is a defining moment in the history of the northern Andes in South America. Here we examine the age and depositional setting of the youngest stratigraphic unit in three sectors of the Eastern Cordillera: (i) the Santa Teresa Formation (western flank), (ii) the Usme Formation (southern central axis), and (iii) the Concentracion Formation (northeastern central axis). These units were deposited prior to the main Neogene deformation events. They represent the last preserved record of lowland conditions in the Eastern Cordillera, and they are coeval with a thick syn-orogenic deposition reported in the Llanos Basin and Magdalena Valley. Based on palynological data, we conclude that the upper Usme Formation was deposited during the Bartonian-earliest Rupelian? (Lite Eocene-earliest Oligocene?); the Concentracion Formation was deposited during the Late Lutetian-Early Rupelian (Middle Eocene to Early Oligocene), and the upper Santa Teresa Formation was accumulated during the Burdigalian (Early Miocene). These ages, together with considerations on maximum post-depositional burial, provide important time differences for the age of initial uplift and exhumation along the axial zone and western foothills of the Eastern Cordillera. The switch from sediment accumulation to erosion in the southern axial zone of the Eastern Cordillera occurred during the Rupelian-Early Chattian (Oligocene, ca 30 to ca 26 Ma), and in the northeastern axial zone occurred prior to the latest Chattian-Aquitanian (latest Oligocene-Early Miocene ca 23 Ma). In contrast, in the western flank, the switch occurred during the Tortonian (Late Miocene, ca 10 Ma). In addition, we detected a marine transgression affecting the Usme and Concentracion formations during the Late Eocene; coeval marine transgression has been also documented in the Central Llanos Foothills and Llanos Basin, as evidenced by the similarity in floras, but not in the western foothills. Our dataset supports previous sedimentological, geochemical and thermochronological works, which indicated that (i) deformation in the Eastern Cordillera was a diachronous process, (ii) the sedimentation along the axial zone stopped first in the south and then in the north during the Oligocene, (iii) depositional systems of the axial zone and central Llanos Foothills kept partly connected at least until the Late Eocene, and (iv) Miocene strata were only recorded in adjacent foothills as well as the Magdalena and Llanos basins. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ochoa, D.; Jaramillo, C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 03092, Ancon, Panama. [Ochoa, D.] E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [Hoorn, C.] Univ Amsterdam, IBED, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Bayona, G.] Corp Geol AERS, Bogota, Colombia. [Parra, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Ochoa, D (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, POB 0843, Balboa 03092, Ancon, Panama. EM dianita.ochoa@gmail.com; carina.hoorn@milne.cc; jaramilloc@si.edu; gbayona@cgares.org; mparra@cgares.org; felipe.delaparra@ecopetrol.com.co RI Parra, Mauricio/B-7497-2013; OI Parra, Mauricio/0000-0002-5955-6105; Ochoa, Diana/0000-0001-6242-4202 FU Colombian Petroleum Institute; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Corporacion Geologica Ares; Colciencias FX We thank the Colombian Petroleum Institute, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, the Corporacion Geologica Ares, and Colciencias for their financial, logistic, and technical support. Thanks to Andres Pardo (Universidad de Caldas) for the palynological analysis of most of the samples of the Concentracion Formation. We specially thank J. Saylor, B. Horton, J. Kellogg and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. Natasha Atkins improved readability of the manuscript. NR 103 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-9811 J9 J S AM EARTH SCI JI J. South Am. Earth Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 39 BP 157 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.jsames.2012.04.010 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 024KF UT WOS:000310107400012 ER PT J AU Molinares, CE Martinez, JI Fiorini, F Escobar, J Jaramillo, C AF Molinares, C. E. Martinez, J. I. Fiorini, F. Escobar, J. Jaramillo, C. TI Paleoenvironmental reconstruction for the lower Pliocene Arroyo Piedras section (Tubara - Colombia): Implications for the Magdalena River - paleodelta's dynamic SO JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Magdalena paleodelta; Paleoclimate; Tubara; Benthonic foraminifera; Early Pliocene ID NORTHERN SOUTH-AMERICA; PERMANENT EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EASTERN CORDILLERA; WATER DISCHARGE; CARIBBEAN SEA; SEDIMENT LOAD; BASIN; CLIMATE; RECORD AB The Magdalena river transports one of the largest load of sediments per basin area in the world. Its delta position has changed several times over the Neogene. The Arroyo Piedras Section (169 m) in northern Colombia, contains part of the record of the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene evolution of the Magdalena paleodelta. The section was described and sampled for sedimentological and micropaleontological analyses. Based on lithofacies and benthic foraminifera content, the section was divided in three segments, and the upper segment was dated as Early Pliocene using planktonic foraminifera. The lower segment suggests siliciclastic sedimentation in a proximal prodelta/delta plain transitional environment. The intermediate segment suggests sedimentation in a lagoon and/or coastal swamp environment, whereas the upper segment is interpreted as the result of a transgression and subsequent deposition at the foreshore/upper shoreface environment, with a considerable decrease of terrigenous input. The decrease of sediment delivery to the delta produced by permanent El Nino-like conditions coupled with autocyclic processes could explain the transgressive pattern observed in the Arroyo de Piedras section during the Early Pliocene. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Escobar, J.; Jaramillo, C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, CTPA, Balboa 03092, Ancon, Panama. [Escobar, J.] Univ Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Dept Ciencias Biol & Ambientales, Bogota, Colombia. [Fiorini, F.] Petr Inst, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Martinez, J. I.] Univ Eafit, Area Ciencias Mar, Dept Geol, Medellin 3300, Colombia. [Molinares, C. E.] ECOPETROL SA, Bogota, Colombia. RP Jaramillo, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, CTPA, POB 0843, Balboa 03092, Ancon, Panama. EM cmolinares@ecopetrol.com.co; jimartin@eafit.edu.co; ffiorini@pi.ac.ae; Jaimeh.escobarj@utadeo.edu.co; jaramilloc@si.edu NR 86 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-9811 J9 J S AM EARTH SCI JI J. South Am. Earth Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 39 BP 170 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.jsames.2012.04.007 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 024KF UT WOS:000310107400013 ER PT J AU Jimenez, G Rico, J Bayona, G Montes, C Rosero, A Sierra, D AF Jimenez, Giovanny Rico, John Bayona, German Montes, Camilo Rosero, Alexis Sierra, Daniel TI Analysis of curved folds and fault/fold terminations in the southern Upper Magdalena Valley of Colombia SO JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Curved folds; La Hocha anticline; Deformation; Transpression; San Jacinto fault ID OROCLINE HYPOTHESIS; PALEOMAGNETIC DATA; ZONES AB We use surface and subsurface fold and fault geometries to document curved geometry of folds, along-strike termination of faults/folds and the change of dip of regional faults in four structural areas in the southern part of the Upper Magdalena Valley Basin. In La Canada area, strike-slip deformation is dominant and cuts former compressional structures; faults and folds of this area end northward abruptly near Rio Paez. To the north of Paez River is the La Hocha area that includes the Tesalia Syncline and La Hocha Anticline, two curved folds that plunge at the same latitude. The southern domain of La Hocha Anticline is asymmetric and bounded by faults in both flanks, whereas the symmetry of the northern domain is related to subsurface fault bending. Paleomagnetic components uncovered in Jurassic rocks suggest a clockwise rotation of 15.2 +/- 11.4 in the southern domain, and 31.7 +/- 14.4 in the northern domain. The Iquira Area, North of La Hocha, the internal structure is controlled by east-verging faults that end abruptly to the north of this area. The northernmost area is the Upar area that includes fault systems with opposite vergence; west-verging faults at the east of this area decapitate east-verging faults and folds. Paleomagnetic data, geologic mapping and regional structural cross-sections suggest that: (1) preexisting basement structure controls the curved geometry of La Hocha Anticline; (2) along-strike changes in structural style between adjacent areas and along-strike termination of faults and folds are related to the location of northwest-striking transverse structures in the subsurface; and (3) at least two deformation phases are documented: an Eocene-Oligocene phase associated with the growth of folds along detachment levels within Mesozoic rocks; and a late Miocene phase associated with transpressive faulting along the Chusma and San Jacinto faults. The latter event drove clockwise rotation of the La Hocha Anticline. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jimenez, Giovanny; Rico, John; Bayona, German; Montes, Camilo] Corp Geol ARES Geol, Bogota, Colombia. [Bayona, German; Montes, Camilo] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ancon, Panama. [Rosero, Alexis; Sierra, Daniel] HOCOL SA, Bogota, Colombia. RP Jimenez, G (reprint author), Corp Geol ARES Geol, Calle 44A 53-96, Bogota, Colombia. EM gjimenezdiaz@uniroma3.it OI Montes, Camilo/0000-0002-3553-0787 FU Hocol S.A; Fundacion para la Promocion de la Investigacion y la Tecnologia del Banco de la Republica FX Hocol S.A supported the field expenses of this project, and Fundacion para la Promocion de la Investigacion y la Tecnologia del Banco de la Republica supported the Paleomagnetic research. We acknowledge Andres Fajardo, Mario de Freitas and Roberto Linares of Hocol S.A for discussions and authorization to publish this manuscript. We acknowledge Felipe Lamus, Jairo Roncancio for the field work, to Ricardo Trindade, Danielle Brant (University of Sao Paulo), Augusto Rapalini (University of Buenos Aires) and Cesar Silva for their assistance and discussions of paleomagnetic data during our work in the Paleomagnetic Laboratories. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-9811 J9 J S AM EARTH SCI JI J. South Am. Earth Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 39 BP 184 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.jsames.2012.04.006 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 024KF UT WOS:000310107400014 ER PT J AU Riley, S AF Riley, Sheila TI The Lawgiver SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Riley, Sheila] Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Riley, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 137 IS 18 BP 65 EP 65 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 034IH UT WOS:000310865800044 ER PT J AU Lessios, HA AF Lessios, H. A. TI A sea water barrier to coral gene flow SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT News Item DE Eastern Pacific; Eastern Pacific Barrier; El Nino; gene flow; microsatellites ID PACIFIC; REEFS; POCILLOPORA AB Land is not the only barrier to dispersal encountered by marine organisms. For sedentary shallow water species, there is an additional, marine barrier, 5000km of uninterrupted deep-water stretch between the central and the eastern Pacific. This expanse of water, known as the Eastern Pacific Barrier, has been separating faunas of the two oceanic regions since the beginning of the Cenozoic. Species with larvae that cannot stay in the plankton for the time it takes to cross between the two sides have been evolving independently. That the eastern Pacific does not share species with the rest of the Pacific was obvious to naturalists two centuries ago (Darwin 1860). Yet, this rule has exceptions. A small minority of species are known to straddle the Eastern Pacific Barrier. One such exception is the scleractinian coral Porites lobata (Fig.1). This species is spread widely throughout the Indo-Pacific, where it is one of the major reef-builders, but it is also encountered in the eastern Pacific. Are eastern and central Pacific populations of this coral connected by gene flow? In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Baums etal.(2012) use microsatellite data to answer this question. They show that P.lobata populations in the eastern Pacific are cut off from genetic influx from the rest of the Pacific. Populations within each of the two oceanic regions are genetically connected (though those in the Hawaiian islands are also isolated). Significantly, the population in the Clipperton Atoll, the westernmost island in the eastern Pacific, genetically groups with populations from the central Pacific, suggesting that crossing the Eastern Pacific Barrier by P.lobata propagules does occasionally occur. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Lessios, HA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM Lessiosh@post.harvard.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 21 IS 22 BP 5390 EP 5392 DI 10.1111/mec.12037 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 030PY UT WOS:000310583800002 PM 23281495 ER PT J AU Veres, P Jedicke, R Denneau, L Wainscoat, R Holman, MJ Lin, HW AF Veres, Peter Jedicke, Robert Denneau, Larry Wainscoat, Richard Holman, Matthew J. Lin, Hsing-Wen TI Improved Asteroid Astrometry and Photometry with Trail Fitting SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID POPULATION; OBJECTS AB Asteroid detections in astronomical images may appear as trails due to a combination of their apparent rate of motion and exposure duration. Nearby asteroids in particular typically have high apparent rates of motion and acceleration. Their recovery, especially on their discovery apparition, depends upon obtaining good astrometry from the trailed detections. We present an analytic function describing a trailed detection under the assumption of a Gaussian point spread function (PSF) and constant rate of motion. We have fit the function to both synthetic and real trailed asteroid detections from the Pan-STARRS1 survey telescope to obtain accurate astrometry and photometry. For short trails our trailing function yields the same astrometric and photometry accuracy as a functionally simpler two-dimensional Gaussian but the latter underestimates the length of the trail-a parameter that can be important for measuring the object's rate of motion and assessing its cometary activity. For trails longer than about 10 pixels (similar to 3x PSF) our trail fitting provides similar to 3x better astrometric accuracy and up to two magnitudes improvement in the photometry. The trail fitting algorithm can be implemented at the source detection level for all detections to provide trail length and position angle that can be used to reduce the false tracklet rate. C1 [Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Denneau, Larry; Wainscoat, Richard] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Holman, Matthew J.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lin, Hsing-Wen] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. RP Veres, P (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM veres@ifa.hawaii.edu OI Lin, Hsing Wen/0000-0001-7737-6784 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate [NNX08AR22G] FX We would like to thank Jan Kleyna, David Tholen, Marco Micheli, Henry Hsieh, and Eugene Magnier from the Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawaii for their support and helpful discussions. We thank an anonymous reviewer for helpful feedback. We also thank the PS1 Builders and PS1 operations staff for construction and operation of the PS1 system and access to the data products provided. The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys have been made possible through contributions of the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, The Johns Hopkins University, Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, Queen's University Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Incorporated, the National Central University of Taiwan, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 124 IS 921 BP 1197 EP 1207 DI 10.1086/668616 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 035AO UT WOS:000310914200005 ER PT J AU Berta, ZK Irwin, J Charbonneau, D Burke, CJ Falco, EE AF Berta, Zachory K. Irwin, Jonathan Charbonneau, David Burke, Christopher J. Falco, Emilio E. TI TRANSIT DETECTION IN THE MEarth SURVEY OF NEARBY M DWARFS: BRIDGING THE CLEAN-FIRST, SEARCH-LATER DIVIDE SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE eclipses; methods: data analysis; planetary systems; stars: low-mass; techniques: photometric ID EARTH GJ 1214B; SOLAR-LIKE VARIABILITY; PLANETARY TRANSITS; LIGHT CURVES; TRANSMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; MONITOR PROJECT; DETECTION ALGORITHMS; STELLAR VARIABILITY; ECLIPSING BINARIES; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS AB In the effort to characterize the masses, radii, and atmospheres of potentially habitable exoplanets, there is an urgent need to find examples of such planets transiting nearby M dwarfs. The MEarth Project is an ongoing effort to do so, as a ground-based photometric survey designed to detect exoplanets as small as 2 R-circle plus. transiting mid-to-late M dwarfs within 33 pc of the Sun. Unfortunately, identifying transits of such planets in photometric monitoring is complicated both by the intrinsic stellar variability that is common among these stars and by the nocturnal cadence, atmospheric variations, and instrumental systematics that often plague Earth-bound observatories. Here, we summarize the properties of MEarth data gathered so far, emphasizing the challenges they present for transit detection. We address these challenges with a new framework to detect shallow exoplanet transits in wiggly and irregularly spaced light curves. In contrast to previous methods that clean trends from light curves before searching for transits, this framework assesses the significance of individual transits simultaneously while modeling variability, systematics, and the photometric quality of individual nights. Our Method for Including Starspots and Systematics in the Marginalized Probability of a Lone Eclipse (MISS MarPLE) uses a computationally efficient semi-Bayesian approach to explore the vast probability space spanned by the many parameters of this model, naturally incorporating the uncertainties in these parameters into its evaluation of candidate events. We show how to combine individual transits processed by MISS MarPLE into periodic transiting planet candidates and compare our results to the popular box-fitting least-squares method with simulations. By applying MISS MarPLE to observations from the MEarth Project, we demonstrate the utility of this framework for robustly assessing the false alarm probability of transit signals in real data. C1 [Berta, Zachory K.; Irwin, Jonathan; Charbonneau, David] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Burke, Christopher J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Burke, Christopher J.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Falco, Emilio E.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. RP Berta, ZK (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM zberta@cfa.harvard.edu OI Berta-Thompson, Zachory/0000-0002-3321-4924; Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X FU David and Lucile Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering; National Science Foundation (NSF) [AST-0807690] FX We thank Philip Nutzman for inspirational conversations regarding this work; John Johnson, Diana Dragomir, Scott Gaudi, and Elisabeth Newton for discussions regarding the method and the paper; and the referee whose careful reading improved the manuscript considerably. We gratefully acknowledge funding for the MEarth Project from the David and Lucile Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering and from the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant No. AST-0807690. The MEarth team is greatly indebted to the staff at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory for their efforts in construction and maintenance of the facility and would like to thank Wayne Peters, Ted Groner, Karen Erdman-Myres, Grace Alegria, Rodger Harris, Bob Hutchins, Dave Martina, Dennis Jankovsky, Tom Welsh, Robert Hyne, Mike Calkins, Perry Berlind, and Gil Esquerdo for their support. This research has made use of NASA's Astro-Physics Data System. NR 98 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 144 IS 5 AR 145 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/144/5/145 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 029XI UT WOS:000310530400021 ER PT J AU Bolton, AS Schlegel, DJ Aubourg, E Bailey, S Bhardwaj, V Brownstein, JR Burles, S Chen, YM Dawson, K Eisenstein, DJ Gunn, JE Knapp, GR Loomis, CP Lupton, RH Maraston, C Muna, D Myers, AD Olmstead, MD Padmanabhan, N Paris, I Percival, WJ Petitjean, P Rockosi, CM Ross, NP Schneider, DP Shu, YP Strauss, MA Thomas, D Tremonti, CA Wake, DA Weaver, BA Wood-Vasey, WM AF Bolton, Adam S. Schlegel, David J. Aubourg, Eric Bailey, Stephen Bhardwaj, Vaishali Brownstein, Joel R. Burles, Scott Chen, Yan-Mei Dawson, Kyle Eisenstein, Daniel J. Gunn, James E. Knapp, G. R. Loomis, Craig P. Lupton, Robert H. Maraston, Claudia Muna, Demitri Myers, Adam D. Olmstead, Matthew D. Padmanabhan, Nikhil Paris, Isabelle Percival, Will J. Petitjean, Patrick Rockosi, Constance M. Ross, Nicholas P. Schneider, Donald P. Shu, Yiping Strauss, Michael A. Thomas, Daniel Tremonti, Christy A. Wake, David A. Weaver, Benjamin A. Wood-Vasey, W. Michael TI SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION AND REDSHIFT MEASUREMENT FOR THE SDSS-III BARYON OSCILLATION SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods: data analysis; surveys; techniques: spectroscopic ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; STELLAR POPULATION-MODELS; QUASAR TARGET SELECTION; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; LUMINOUS RED GALAXIES; DATA RELEASE; LINE SPECTRA; RESOLUTION; EMISSION; LIBRARY AB We describe the automated spectral classification, redshift determination, and parameter measurement pipeline in use for the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III) as of the survey's ninth data release (DR9), encompassing 831,000 moderate-resolution optical spectra. We give a review of the algorithms employed, and describe the changes to the pipeline that have been implemented for BOSS relative to previous SDSS-I/II versions, including new sets of stellar, galaxy, and quasar redshift templates. For the color-selected "CMASS" sample of massive galaxies at redshift 0.4 less than or similar to z <= 0.8 targeted by BOSS for the purposes of large-scale cosmological measurements, the pipeline achieves an automated classification success rate of 98.7% and confirms 95.4% of unique CMASS targets as galaxies (with the balance being mostly M stars). Based on visual inspections of a subset of BOSS galaxies, we find that approximately 0.2% of confidently reported CMASS sample classifications and redshifts are incorrect, and about 0.4% of all CMASS spectra are objects unclassified by the current algorithm which are potentially recoverable. The BOSS pipeline confirms that similar to 51.5% of the quasar targets have quasar spectra, with the balance mainly consisting of stars and low signal-to-noise spectra. Statistical (as opposed to systematic) redshift errors propagated from photon noise are typically a few tens of km s(-1) for both galaxies and quasars, with a significant tail to a few hundreds of km s(-1) for quasars. We test the accuracy of these statistical redshift error estimates using repeat observations, finding them underestimated by a factor of 1.19-1.34 for galaxies and by a factor of two for quasars. We assess the impact of sky-subtraction quality, signal-to-noise ratio, and other factors on galaxy redshift success. Finally, we document known issues with the BOSS DR9 spectroscopic data set and describe directions of ongoing development. C1 [Bolton, Adam S.; Brownstein, Joel R.; Dawson, Kyle; Olmstead, Matthew D.; Shu, Yiping] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Schlegel, David J.; Bailey, Stephen; Ross, Nicholas P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Aubourg, Eric] Univ Paris Diderot, Astroparticule & Cosmol APC, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Aubourg, Eric] CEA, Ctr Saclay, Irfu SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Bhardwaj, Vaishali] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Burles, Scott] Cutler Grp LP, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Chen, Yan-Mei; Tremonti, Christy A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Eisenstein, Daniel J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gunn, James E.; Knapp, G. R.; Loomis, Craig P.; Lupton, Robert H.; Strauss, Michael A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Maraston, Claudia; Percival, Will J.; Thomas, Daniel] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England. [Muna, Demitri; Weaver, Benjamin A.] NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Myers, Adam D.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Padmanabhan, Nikhil] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Paris, Isabelle; Petitjean, Patrick] UPMC, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Paris, Isabelle] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Rockosi, Constance M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wake, David A.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Wood-Vasey, W. Michael] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Bolton, AS (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM bolton@astro.utah.edu FU PNPS; INSU FX This research has made use of the POLLUX database (http://pollux.graal.univ-montp2.fr) operated at LUPM (Universite Montpellier II - CNRS, France) with the support of the PNPS and INSU. NR 59 TC 228 Z9 229 U1 2 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 144 IS 5 AR 144 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/144/5/144 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 029XI UT WOS:000310530400020 ER PT J AU Hartman, JD Bakos, GA Beky, B Torres, G Latham, DW Csubry, Z Penev, K Shporer, A Fulton, BJ Buchhave, LA Johnson, JA Howard, AW Marcy, GW Fischer, DA Kovacs, G Noyes, RW Esquerdo, GA Everett, M Szklenar, T Quinn, SN Bieryla, A Knox, RP Hinz, P Sasselov, DD Furesz, G Stefanik, RP Lazar, J Papp, I Sari, P AF Hartman, J. D. Bakos, G. A. Beky, B. Torres, G. Latham, D. W. Csubry, Z. Penev, K. Shporer, A. Fulton, B. J. Buchhave, L. A. Johnson, J. A. Howard, A. W. Marcy, G. W. Fischer, D. A. Kovacs, G. Noyes, R. W. Esquerdo, G. A. Everett, M. Szklenar, T. Quinn, S. N. Bieryla, A. Knox, R. P. Hinz, P. Sasselov, D. D. Furesz, G. Stefanik, R. P. Lazar, J. Papp, I. Sari, P. TI HAT-P-39b-HAT-P-41b: THREE HIGHLY INFLATED TRANSITING HOT JUPITERS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars: individual (GSC 1364-01424, GSC 3607-01028, GSC 0488-02442); techniques: photometric; techniques: spectroscopic ID K-DWARF STAR; LOW-DENSITY; EXTRASOLAR PLANET; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; SPACED DATA; COOL STARS; SEARCH; PHOTOMETRY AB We report the discovery of three new transiting extrasolar planets orbiting moderately bright (V = 11.1, 11.7, and 12.4) F stars. The planets HAT-P-39b through HAT-P-41b have periods of P = 3.5439 days, 4.4572 days, and 2.6940 days, masses of 0.60 M-J, 0.62 M-J, and 0.80 M-J, and radii of 1.57 R-J, 1.73 R-J, and 1.68 R-J, respectively. They orbit stars with masses of 1.40 M-circle dot, 1.51 M-circle dot, and 1.51 M-circle dot, respectively. The three planets are members of an emerging population of highly inflated Jupiters with 0.4 M-J < M < 1.5 M-J and R > 1.5 R-J. C1 [Hartman, J. D.; Bakos, G. A.; Csubry, Z.; Penev, K.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Beky, B.; Torres, G.; Latham, D. W.; Noyes, R. W.; Esquerdo, G. A.; Everett, M.; Szklenar, T.; Quinn, S. N.; Bieryla, A.; Sasselov, D. D.; Furesz, G.; Stefanik, R. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Shporer, A.; Fulton, B. J.] LCOGT, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Shporer, A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Buchhave, L. A.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Buchhave, L. A.] Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr Star & Planet Format, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Johnson, J. A.] CALTECH, Dept Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Howard, A. W.; Marcy, G. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fischer, D. A.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Kovacs, G.] Konkoly Observ Budapest, Budapest, Hungary. [Kovacs, G.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Quinn, S. N.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Knox, R. P.; Hinz, P.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. [Lazar, J.; Papp, I.; Sari, P.] Hungarian Astron Assoc, Budapest, Hungary. RP Hartman, JD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM gbakos@astro.princeton.edu RI Howard, Andrew/D-4148-2015; OI Howard, Andrew/0000-0001-8638-0320; Penev, Kaloyan/0000-0003-4464-1371; Buchhave, Lars A./0000-0003-1605-5666; Hartman, Joel/0000-0001-8732-6166; Fischer, Debra/0000-0003-2221-0861 FU NOAO [A201Hr, A289Hr, A284Hr]; NASA [N049Hr, N018Hr, N167Hr, N029Hr, N108Hr, N154Hr, NNG04GN74G, NNX08AF23G, NNX09AB29G, NNX09AF59G]; NOAO Gemini/Keck time-exchange program [G329Hr]; SAO IRD grants; NSF [AST-1108686]; Kepler mission under NASA [NCC2-1390]; Hungarian Scientific Research Foundation (OTKA) [K-81373] FX Based in part on observations obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated by the University of California and the California Institute of Technology. Keck time has been granted by NOAO (A201Hr, A289Hr, and A284Hr), NASA (N049Hr, N018Hr, N167Hr, N029Hr, N108Hr, and N154Hr), and the NOAO Gemini/Keck time-exchange program (G329Hr). Based in part on observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope, operated on the island of La Palma jointly by Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. Based in part on observations obtained with facilities of the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope.; HATNet operations have been funded by NASA grants NNG04GN74G, NNX08AF23G, and SAO IR&D grants. J.H. acknowledges partial support from NSF grant AST-1108686. G.A.B., Z.C., and K.P. acknowledge partial support from NASA grant NNX09AB29G. G.T. acknowledges partial support from NASA grant NNX09AF59G. We acknowledge partial support also from the Kepler mission under NASA Cooperative Agreement NCC2-1390 (PI: D.W.L.). G.K. thanks the Hungarian Scientific Research Foundation (OTKA) for support through grant K-81373. This research has made use of Keck telescope time granted through NOAO (A201Hr, A289Hr, and A284Hr), NASA (N049Hr, N018Hr, N167Hr, N029Hr, N108Hr, and N154Hr), and the NOAO Gemini/Keck time-exchange program (G329Hr). This paper presents observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope, operated on the island of La Palma jointly by Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. This paper uses observations obtained with the facilities of the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope. The Byrne Observatory at Sedgwick (BOS) is operated by the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network and is located at the Sedgwick Reserve, a part of the University of California Natural Reserve System. Data presented in this paper are based on observations obtained at the HAT station at the Submillimeter Array of SAO and the HAT station at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory of SAO. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. Finally, we thank the referee for a rapid and helpful report which improved the quality of this paper. NR 78 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 144 IS 5 AR 139 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/144/5/139 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 029XI UT WOS:000310530400015 ER PT J AU Miller, JM Raymond, J Fabian, AC Reynolds, CS King, AL Kallman, TR Cackett, EM van der Klis, M Steeghs, DTH AF Miller, J. M. Raymond, J. Fabian, A. C. Reynolds, C. S. King, A. L. Kallman, T. R. Cackett, E. M. van der Klis, M. Steeghs, D. T. H. TI THE DISK-WIND-JET CONNECTION IN THE BLACK HOLE H 1743-322 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; X-rays: binaries ID X-RAY; ACCRETION DISK; GRS 1915+105; MICROQUASAR H1743-322; UNIFIED MODEL; HARD STATE; CYG X-1; SUZAKU; J1655-40; OUTBURST AB X-ray disk winds are detected in spectrally soft, disk-dominated phases of stellar-mass black hole outbursts. In contrast, compact, steady, relativistic jets are detected in spectrally hard states that are dominated by non-thermal X-ray emission. Although these distinctive outflows appear to be almost mutually exclusive, it is possible that a disk wind persists in hard states but cannot be detected via X-ray absorption lines owing to very high ionization. Here, we present an analysis of a deep, 60 ks Chandra/HETGS observation of the black hole candidate H 1743-322 in the low/hard state. The spectrum shows no evidence of a disk wind, with tight limits, and within the range of ionizing flux levels that were measured in prior Chandra observations wherein a wind was clearly detected. In H 1743-322, at least, disk winds are actually diminished in the low/hard state, and disk winds and jets are likely state dependent and anti-correlated. These results suggest that although the launching radii of winds and jets may differ by orders of magnitude, they may both be tied to a fundamental property of the inner accretion flow, such as the mass accretion rate and/or the magnetic field topology of the disk. We discuss these results in the context of disk winds and jets in other stellar-mass black holes, and possible launching mechanisms for black hole outflows. C1 [Miller, J. M.; King, A. L.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Raymond, J.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fabian, A. C.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 OHA, England. [Reynolds, C. S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kallman, T. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cackett, E. M.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [van der Klis, M.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Steeghs, D. T. H.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Miller, JM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jonmm@umich.edu RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; FU NASA Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship; Chandra Guest Observer program FX We thank the anonymous referee. We thank Harvey Tananbaum for executing this observation. A. L. K. acknowledges support through the NASA Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship. J.M.M. acknowledges support through the Chandra Guest Observer program. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 759 IS 1 AR L6 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L6 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 028XO UT WOS:000310458900006 ER PT J AU Hines, J Gessner, MO AF Hines, Jes Gessner, Mark O. TI Consumer trophic diversity as a fundamental mechanism linking predation and ecosystem functioning SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE above-ground; below-ground; food web complexity; nutrient cycling; trophic cascade ID GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS; FOOD WEBS; TOP-DOWN; BIODIVERSITY; DECOMPOSITION; CASCADES; LITTER; IMPACT AB 1. Primary production and decomposition, two fundamental processes determining the functioning of ecosystems, may be sensitive to changes in biodiversity and food web interactions. 2. The impacts of food web interactions on ecosystem functioning are generally quantified by experimentally decoupling these linked processes and examining either primary production-based (green) or decomposition-based (brown) food webs in isolation. This decoupling may strongly limit our ability to assess the importance of food web interactions on ecosystem processes. 3. To evaluate how consumer trophic diversity mediates predator effects on ecosystem functioning, we conducted a mesocosm experiment and a field study using an assemblage of invertebrates that naturally co-occur on North Atlantic coastal saltmarshes. We measured the indirect impact of predation on primary production and leaf decomposition as a result of prey communities composed of herbivores alone, detritivores alone or both prey in combination. 4. We find that primary consumers can influence ecosystem process rates not only within, but also across green and brown sub-webs. Moreover, by feeding on a functionally diverse consumer assemblage comprised of both herbivores and detritivores, generalist predators can diffuse consumer effects on decomposition, primary production and feedbacks between the two processes. 5. These results indicate that maintaining functional diversity among primary consumers can alter the consequences of traditional trophic cascades, and they emphasize the role of the detritus-based sub-web when seeking key biotic drivers of plant production. Clearly, traditional compartmentalization of empirical food webs can limit our ability to predict the influence of food web interactions on ecosystem functioning. C1 [Hines, Jes; Gessner, Mark O.] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries I, Dept Expt Limnol, D-16775 Stechlin, Germany. [Hines, Jes] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Hines, Jes] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dept Aquat Ecol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Gessner, Mark O.] TU Berlin, Berlin Inst Technol, Dept Ecol, Berlin, Germany. RP Hines, J (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries I, Dept Expt Limnol, Alte Fisherhutte 2, D-16775 Stechlin, Germany. EM jessica.hines@eawag.ch RI Hines, Jes/L-7668-2016 OI Hines, Jes/0000-0002-9129-5179 FU EPA-STAR fellowship [FP-91648701-1]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF); Eawag, the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology FX We thank B. Drake, G. Paresta and members of the SERC crab laboratory for providing EFS; the late R. F. Denno for supplying tube cages; and A. H. Hines, G. Dively and the anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that improved the manuscript. This work was funded by EPA-STAR fellowship FP-91648701-1 to JH. Partial funding during preparation of this manuscript was provided by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) and Eawag, the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 93 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1146 EP 1153 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02003.x PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 030FF UT WOS:000310554300002 PM 22676625 ER PT J AU Wunder, MB Jehl, JR Stricker, CA AF Wunder, Michael B. Jehl, Joseph R., Jr. Stricker, Craig A. TI The early bird gets the shrimp: confronting assumptions of isotopic equilibrium and homogeneity in a wild bird population SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capital-income; eared grebe; isotopic niche; migration; trophic diversity ID GREBE PODICEPS NIGRICOLLIS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; EARED GREBES; MIGRATORY ANIMALS; ONLINE TECHNIQUE; FEATHERS; HYDROGEN; WATER; DELTA-N-15; DELTA-C-13 AB 1. Because stable isotope distributions in organic material vary systematically across energy gradients that exist in ecosystems, community and population structures, and in individual physiological systems, isotope values in animal tissues have helped address a broad range of questions in animal ecology. It follows that every tissue sample provides an isotopic profile that can be used to study dietary or movement histories of individual animals. Interpretations of these profiles depend on the assumption that metabolic pools are isotopically well mixed and in equilibrium with dietary resources prior to tissue synthesis, and they extend to the population level by assuming isotope profiles are identically distributed for animals using the same proximal dietary resource. As these assumptions are never fully met, studying structure in the variance of tissue isotope values from wild populations is informative. 2. We studied variation in delta C-13, delta N-15, delta H-2 and delta O-18 data for feathers from a population of eared grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) that migrate to Great Salt Lake each fall to moult feathers. During this time, they cannot fly and feed almost exclusively on superabundant brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana). The ecological simplicity of this situation minimized the usual spatial and trophic complexities often present in natural studies of feather isotope values. 3. Ranges and variances of isotope values for the feathers were larger than those from previously published studies that report feather isotopic variance, but they were bimodally distributed in all isotope dimensions. Isotope values for proximal dietary resources and local surface water show that some of the feathers we assumed to have been grown locally must have been grown before birds reached isotopic equilibrium with local diet or immediately prior to arrival at Great Salt Lake. 4. Our study provides novel insights about resource use strategies in eared grebes during migration. More generally, it demonstrates the utility of studying variance structures and questioning assumptions implicit in the interpretation of stable isotope data from wild animals. C1 [Wunder, Michael B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Jehl, Joseph R., Jr.] Smithsonian Inst, US Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wunder, MB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, POB 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA. EM michael.wunder@ucdenver.edu NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1223 EP 1232 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01998.x PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 030FF UT WOS:000310554300010 PM 22631029 ER PT J AU Yasuhara, M Hunt, G van Dijken, G Arrigo, KR Cronin, TM Wollenburg, JE AF Yasuhara, Moriaki Hunt, Gene van Dijken, Gert Arrigo, Kevin R. Cronin, Thomas M. Wollenburg, Jutta E. TI Patterns and controlling factors of species diversity in the Arctic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Arctic Ocean; biodiversity; deep sea; depth diversity gradients; ecosystem; latitudinal diversity gradients; macroecology; meiobenthos; shallow marine ID MARGINAL ICE-ZONE; DEEP-SEA; LATITUDINAL-GRADIENT; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS; MARINE BIODIVERSITY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGES; HYPOTHESIS AB Aim The Arctic Ocean is one of the last near-pristine regions on Earth, and, although human activities are expected to impact on Arctic ecosystems, we know very little about baseline patterns of Arctic Ocean biodiversity. This paper aims to describe Arctic Ocean-wide patterns of benthic biodiversity and to explore factors related to the large-scale species diversity patterns. Location Arctic Ocean. Methods We used large ostracode and foraminiferal datasets to describe the biodiversity patterns and applied comprehensive ecological modelling to test the degree to which these patterns are potentially governed by environmental factors, such as temperature, productivity, seasonality, ice cover and others. To test environmental control of the observed diversity patterns, subsets of samples for which all environmental parameters were available were analysed with multiple regression and model averaging. Results Well-known negative latitudinal species diversity gradients (LSDGs) were found in metazoan Ostracoda, but the LSDGs were unimodal with an intermediate maximum with respect to latitude in protozoan foraminifera. Depth species diversity gradients were unimodal, with peaks in diversity shallower than those in other oceans. Our modelling results showed that several factors are significant predictors of diversity, but the significant predictors were different among shallow marine ostracodes, deep-sea ostracodes and deep-sea foraminifera. Main conclusions On the basis of these Arctic Ocean-wide comprehensive datasets, we document large-scale diversity patterns with respect to latitude and depth. Our modelling results suggest that the underlying mechanisms causing these species diversity patterns are unexpectedly complex. The environmental parameters of temperature, surface productivity, seasonality of productivity, salinity and ice cover can all play a role in shaping large-scale diversity patterns, but their relative importance may depend on the ecological preferences of taxa and the oceanographic context of regions. These results suggest that a multiplicity of variables appear to be related to community structure in this system. C1 [Yasuhara, Moriaki] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yasuhara, Moriaki] Univ Hong Kong, Swire Inst Marine Sci, Shek O, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yasuhara, Moriaki] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yasuhara, Moriaki] Kochi Univ, Ctr Adv Marine Core Res, Nanko Ku, Kochi 7838502, Japan. [Yasuhara, Moriaki; Hunt, Gene] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [van Dijken, Gert; Arrigo, Kevin R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Wollenburg, Jutta E.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. RP Yasuhara, M (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Kadoorie Biol Sci Bldg,Pok Fu Lam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM moriakiyasuhara@gmail.com RI Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008; Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010 OI Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863; Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020 FU University of Hong Kong [201105159002]; Smithsonian Marine Science Network FX We thank J. Farmer for help with temperature and salinity data; M. A. Rex, D. Tittensor and an anonymous referee for valuable comments; and J. Lambshead, R. J. Whittaker and B. Wheeler for editing. This work was supported by a Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research of the University of Hong Kong (project code: 201105159002) and a Smithsonian Marine Science Network Postdoctoral Fellowship (to M.Y.) [Correction added on 20 August 2012, after first online publication: Acknowledgements section updated]. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 78 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2081 EP 2088 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02758.x PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 026HV UT WOS:000310266600016 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Terrazas, TP Medellin, RA Knornschild, M Tschapka, M AF Gonzalez-Terrazas, Tania P. Medellin, Rodrigo A. Knoernschild, Mirjam Tschapka, Marco TI Morphological specialization influences nectar extraction efficiency of sympatric nectar-feeding bats SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glossophaginae; Phyllostomidae; foraging behaviour; daily energy expenditure ID PACHYCEREUS-PECTEN-ABORIGINUM; NECTARIVOROUS BATS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; HOVERING FLIGHT; WESTERN MEXICO; ENERGETIC COST; FOREST; GLOSSOPHAGINAE; PATTERNS; FLOWERS AB Mammals frequently use nectar as a supplementary food, while a predominantly nectarivorous lifestyle with morphological specializations for this feeding mode is rare within the class. However, Neotropical flower-visiting bats largely depend on nectar resources and show distinct adaptations to a nectar diet. Glossophagine bats form local guilds of 2-6 species that may differ distinctly in skull morphology. It is still unknown how and to what extent this morphological diversity influences the efficiency of nectar extraction and hence resource partitioning within the local bat guild. As foraging behaviour is a key factor for niche partitioning of co-existing species, we compared nectar extraction behaviour and efficiency at different flower depths among sympatric bat species with different degrees of morphological specialization (Glossophaga soricina, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae and Musonycteris harrisoni). In flight cage experiments with artificial flowers, at deeper nectar levels all species showed a distinct decrease in the amount of nectar extracted per visit and an increase in the time spent hovering at the flower, indicating increased energetic cost when foraging on longer tubed flowers. The lowest nectar extraction efficiency (g s(-1)) was found in the small G. soricina and the highest in the largest species L. yerbabuenae. However, when also considering the different energy requirements of the different-sized bat species, the morphologically most specialized M. harrisoni consistently showed the highest foraging efficiency. Our data suggest that the long rostrum and tongue of the extremely specialized M. harrisoni are probably not evolved for monopolization of co-evolved deep flowers but for allowing efficient access to the broadest range of the local chiropterophilous flower resources. C1 [Gonzalez-Terrazas, Tania P.; Medellin, Rodrigo A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Gonzalez-Terrazas, Tania P.; Knoernschild, Mirjam; Tschapka, Marco] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Tschapka, Marco] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Gonzalez-Terrazas, TP (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, AP70-275, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM tania.gonzalez@uni-ulm.de RI Knornschild, Mirjam/C-9401-2011 FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [SEMARNAT-2002-01-C01-00357]; Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund; Bat Conservation International FX This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [SEMARNAT-2002-01-C01-00357 to R. A. M.], Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund [to R. A. M.] and a grant from Bat Conservation International [to T.P.G.-T.]. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 57 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 215 IS 22 BP 3989 EP 3996 DI 10.1242/jeb.068494 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 029VT UT WOS:000310525700018 PM 22899529 ER PT J AU Hershler, R Liu, HP AF Hershler, Robert Liu, Hsiu-Ping TI Molecular phylogeny of the western North American pebblesnails, genus Fluminicola (Rissooidea: Lithoglyphidae), with description of a new species SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; GASTROPODA; GENERA; SYSTEMATICS AB The northwestern North American freshwater gastropod genus Fluminicola (Caenogastropoda, Lithoglyphidae) was previously hypothesized to be paraphyletic based on morphologic data, with F. virens positioned outside the clade containing other congeners. We further evaluated the phylogenetic relationships of Fluminicola using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequence data from 22 of 24 previously described congeners, a new congener (F. gustafsoni) that closely resembles F. virens morphologically, representatives of four other lithoglyphid genera, and several outgroups. A Bayesian analysis resolved two well supported Fluminicola clades, consistent with morphological heterogeneity. The clade composed of F. virens and F. gustafsoni was sister to the rest of the Lithoglyphidae; the clade containing the remaining congeners was sister to Somatogyrus. Our results confirm that Fluminicola is paraphyletic. However, this genus cannot be revised until the phylogenetic relationships of its possibly extinct type species are resolved. The new species described herein, F. gustafsoni, differs from F. virens in its smaller size, medium-convex and prominently shouldered teleoconch whorls, weakly angled shell aperture, presence of a well-developed rectangular wing on the outer marginal radular teeth, vertically oriented coiled oviduct, and in its COI sequences. Fluminicola gustafsoni is distributed in riverine habitats in the lower Snake River watershed. C1 [Hershler, Robert] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Liu, Hsiu-Ping] Metropolitan State Univ Denver, Dept Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP Hershler, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, POB 37012,NHB W-305,MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hershlerr@si.edu FU Idaho Department of Fish and Game [T-3-7 0814] FX Karolyn Darrow (Smithsonian Institution) inked drawings; Yolanda Villacampa (Smithsonian Institution) prepared scanning electron micrographs, counted radula cusps and measured shells. Peter Hovingh assisted the first author in the field. This project was supported, in part, by an award from the Idaho Department of Fish and Game (Agreement no. T-3-7 0814). The manuscript was improved by comments provided by David Reid and an anonymous reviewer. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0260-1230 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 78 BP 321 EP 329 DI 10.1093/mollus/eys017 PN 4 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 027RT UT WOS:000310371600002 ER PT J AU David-Uraz, A Moffat, AFJ Chene, AN Rowe, JF Lange, N Guenther, DB Kuschnig, R Matthews, JM Rucinski, SM Sasselov, D Weiss, WW AF David-Uraz, Alexandre Moffat, Anthony F. J. Chene, Andre-Nicolas Rowe, Jason F. Lange, Nicholas Guenther, David B. Kuschnig, Rainer Matthews, Jaymie M. Rucinski, Slavek M. Sasselov, Dimitar Weiss, Werner W. TI Using MOST to reveal the secrets of the mischievous Wolf-Rayet binary CV Ser SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries: eclipsing; stars: mass-loss; stars: winds; outflows; stars: Wolf-Rayet ID COROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS; MASS-LOSS RATES; COLLIDING WINDS; INFRARED PHOTOMETRY; SYSTEMATIC SEARCH; WC STARS; O-STARS; SERPENTIS; VARIABILITY; METALLICITY AB The WolfRayet (WR) binary CV Serpentis (= WR113, WC8d + O8-9IV) has been a source of mystery since it was shown that its atmospheric eclipses change with time over decades, in addition to its sporadic dust production. The first high-precision time-dependent photometric observations obtained with the Microvariability and Oscillations of STars (MOST) space telescope in 2009 show two consecutive eclipses over the 29-d orbit, with varying depths. A subsequent MOST run in 2010 showed a seemingly asymmetric eclipse profile. In order to help make sense of these observations, parallel optical spectroscopy was obtained from the Mont Megantic Observatory (2009, 2010) and from the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (2009). Assuming these depth variations are entirely due to electron scattering in a beta-law wind, an unprecedented 62 per cent increase in M? is observed over one orbital period. Alternatively, no change in mass-loss rate would be required if a relatively small fraction of the carbon ions in the wind globally recombined and coaggulated to form carbon dust grains. However, it remains a mystery as to how this could occur. There also seems to be evidence for the presence of corotating interaction regions (CIR) in the WR wind: a CIR-like signature is found in the light curves, implying a potential rotation period for the WR star of 1.6?d. Finally, a new circular orbit is derived, along with constraints for the wind collision. C1 [David-Uraz, Alexandre; Moffat, Anthony F. J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [David-Uraz, Alexandre; Moffat, Anthony F. J.] Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech Astrophys Quebec, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Chene, Andre-Nicolas] Univ Concepcion, Dept Astron, Concepcion, Chile. [Chene, Andre-Nicolas] Univ Valparaiso, Dept Fis & Astron, Fac Ciencias, Valparaiso, Chile. [Rowe, Jason F.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lange, Nicholas] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8P 1A1, Canada. [Guenther, David B.] St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Computat Astrophys, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Kuschnig, Rainer; Weiss, Werner W.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Kuschnig, Rainer; Matthews, Jaymie M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Rucinski, Slavek M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Sasselov, Dimitar] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP David-Uraz, A (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, CP 6128,Succursale Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM alexandre@astro.umontreal.ca; moffat@astro.umontreal.ca OI David-Uraz, Alexandre/0000-0003-4062-0776 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Le Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies; Austrian Space Agency; Austrian Science Fund; Chilean Centro de Astrofisica FONDAP [15010003]; Chilean Centro de Excelencia en Astrofisica y Tecnologias Afines (CATA); Comitee Mixto ESO-GOBIERNO DE CHILE FX AD-U would like to acknowledge the help and support of his Universite de Montreal colleagues, in particular N. St-Louis, R. Fahed, A. de la Chevrotiere and S. Desforges, as well as D. Soutiere and S. Peloquin for their help in acquiring part of the data. The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada supports the research of DBG, JMM, AFJM and SMR, while AFJM is also supported by Le Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies. RK and WWW are supported by the Austrian Space Agency and the Austrian Science Fund. A-NC gratefully acknowledges support from the Chilean Centro de Astrofisica FONDAP No. 15010003 and the Chilean Centro de Excelencia en Astrofisica y Tecnologias Afines (CATA) and Comitee Mixto ESO-GOBIERNO DE CHILE. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 426 IS 3 BP 1720 EP 1730 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21736.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 023VE UT WOS:000310063900003 ER PT J AU Mineo, S Gilfanov, M Sunyaev, R AF Mineo, S. Gilfanov, M. Sunyaev, R. TI X-ray emission from star-forming galaxies - II. Hot interstellar medium SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: star formation; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: galaxies; X-rays: ISM ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; INFRARED GALAXIES; LUMINOSITY RATIOS; SPIRAL GALAXIES; H-ALPHA; MASS; BINARIES; GAS; HALOS; INDICATOR AB We study the emission from the hot interstellar medium (ISM) in a sample of nearby late-type galaxies defined in Paper I. Our sample covers a broad range of star formation rates (SFRs) from similar to 0.1 to similar to 17 M-circle dot yr(-1) and stellar masses from similar to 3 x 10(8) to similar to 6 x 10(10) M-circle dot. We take special care of systematic effects and contamination from bright and faint compact sources. We find that in all galaxies at least one optically thin thermal emission component is present in the unresolved emission, with the average temperature of < kT > = 0.24 keV. In about similar to 1/3 of galaxies, a second, higher temperature component is required, with < kT root = 0.71 keV. Although statistically significant variations in temperature between galaxies are present, we do not find any meaningful trends with the stellar mass or SFR of the host galaxy. The apparent luminosity of the diffuse emission in the 0.52 keV band linearly correlates with the SFR with the scale factor of L-X/SFR similar to 8.3 x 10(38) erg s(-1) (M-circle dot yr(-1))(-1), of which in average similar to 30-40 per cent is likely produced by faint compact sources of various types. We attempt to estimate the bolometric luminosity of the gas and obtain results differing by an order of magnitude, log(L-bol/SFR)similar to 39-40, depending on whether intrinsic absorption in star-forming galaxies is allowed or not. Our theoretically most accurate, but in practice the most model-dependent result for the intrinsic bolometric luminosity of the ISM is L-bol/SFR similar to 1.5 x 10(40) erg s(-1) (M-circle dot yr(-1))(-1). Assuming that core-collapse supernovae are the main source of energy, it is implied that epsilon(SN) similar to 5x10(-2)(E-SN/10(51))(-1) of mechanical energy of supernovae is converted into thermal energy of the ISM. C1 [Mineo, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mineo, S.; Gilfanov, M.; Sunyaev, R.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Gilfanov, M.; Sunyaev, R.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Moscow 117997, Russia. RP Mineo, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM smineo@head.cfa.harvard.edu OI Mineo, Stefano/0000-0003-2908-0879 FU NASA [AR1-12008X]; National Science Foundation FX SM gratefully acknowledges financial support through the NASA grant AR1-12008X. The authors thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments that improved this paper. This research made use of Chandra archival data and software provided by the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC) in the application package CIAO. This research has also made use of SAOIMAGE DS9, developed by Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. The Spitzer Space Telescope is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the NASA. GALEX is a NASA Small Explorer, launched in 2003 April. This publication makes use of data products from Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the NASA and the National Science Foundation. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 28 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 426 IS 3 BP 1870 EP 1883 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21831.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 023VE UT WOS:000310063900014 ER PT J AU La Mura, G Bindoni, D Ciroi, S Cracco, V D'Abrusco, R Rafanelli, P Vaona, L AF La Mura, G. Bindoni, D. Ciroi, S. Cracco, V. D'Abrusco, R. Rafanelli, P. Vaona, L. TI The relation between nuclear activity and stellar mass in galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: ISM; galaxies: nuclei; galaxies: stellar content ID H-II REGIONS; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; SEYFERT 2 GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; GALACTIC NUCLEI; PHOTOIONIZATION MODELS; LOCAL UNIVERSE; EMISSION; CONNECTION; ABUNDANCES AB The existence of correlations between the nuclear properties of galaxies, such as the mass of their central black holes, and larger scale features, such as the bulge mass and luminosity, represents a fundamental constraint on galaxy evolution. Although the actual reasons for these relations have not yet been identified, it is widely believed that they could stem from a connection between the processes that lead to black hole growth and stellar mass assembly. The problem of understanding how the processes of nuclear activity and star formation can affect each other became known to the literature as the starburstactive galactic nucleus (AGN) connection. Despite years of investigation, the physical mechanisms which lie at the basis of this relation are known only in part. In this work, we analyse the problem of star formation and nuclear activity in a large sample of galaxies. We study the relations between the properties of the nuclear environments and their host galaxies. We find that the mass of the stellar component within the galaxies of our sample is a critical parameter, which we have to consider in an evolutionary sequence, which provides further insight into the connection between AGN and star formation processes. C1 [La Mura, G.; Bindoni, D.; Ciroi, S.; Cracco, V.; Rafanelli, P.; Vaona, L.] Univ Padua, Dept Phys & Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [La Mura, G.; Ciroi, S.; Cracco, V.] INAF Astron Observ Padua, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [D'Abrusco, R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP La Mura, G (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Phys & Astron, Vicolo Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padua, Italy. EM giovanni.lamura@unipd.it RI D'Abrusco, Raffaele/L-2767-2016; OI D'Abrusco, Raffaele/0000-0003-3073-0605; La Mura, Giovanni/0000-0001-8553-499X FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England; American Museum of Natural History; Astrophysical Institute Potsdam; University of Basel; University of Cambridge; Case Western Reserve University; University of Chicago; Drexel University; Fermilab; Institute for Advanced Study; Japan Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology; Korean Scientist Group; Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA); Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA); New Mexico State University; Ohio State University; University of Pittsburgh; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University; United States Naval Observatory; University of Washington FX The authors gratefully thank the anonymous referee for discussion and suggestions leading to the improvement of this work. Data for this analysis have been obtained from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the US Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS website is http://www.sdss.org/.; The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, the University of Basel, the University of Cambridge, Case Western Reserve University, the University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, Ohio State University, the University of Pittsburgh, the University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory and the University of Washington. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 426 IS 3 BP 1893 EP 1904 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21840.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 023VE UT WOS:000310063900016 ER PT J AU Blom, C Forbes, DA Brodie, JP Foster, C Romanowsky, AJ Spitler, LR Strader, J AF Blom, Christina Forbes, Duncan A. Brodie, Jean P. Foster, Caroline Romanowsky, Aaron J. Spitler, Lee R. Strader, Jay TI The SLUGGS survey: globular cluster system kinematics and substructure in NGC 4365 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: elliptical and lenticular; cD; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: individual: NGC 4365; NGC 4342; galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; galaxies: star clusters: general ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; VIRGO-CLUSTER; COLOR DISTRIBUTIONS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; INTERMEDIATE-AGE; NGC-4365; SAMPLE; MASS; METALLICITIES; SPECTROGRAPH AB We present a kinematic analysis of the globular cluster (GC) system of the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 4365 and find several distinct kinematic substructures. This analysis is carried out using radial velocities for 269 GCs, obtained with the DEIMOS (DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph) instrument on the Keck II telescope as part of the SAGES Legacy Unifying Globulars and Galaxies Survey (SLUGGS). We find that each of the three (formerly identified) GC colour subpopulations reveal distinct rotation properties. The rotation of the green GC subpopulation is consistent with the bulk of NGC 4365's stellar light, which rolls about the photometric major axis. The blue and red GC subpopulations show normal rotation about the minor axis. We also find that the red GC subpopulation is rotationally dominated beyond 2.5?arcmin (similar to 17?kpc) and that the root mean squared velocity of the green subpopulation declines sharply with radius suggesting a possible bias towards radial orbits relative to the other GC subpopulations. Additionally, we find a population of low-velocity GCs that form a linear structure running from the SW to the NE across NGC 4365 which aligns with the recently reported stellar stream towards NGC 4342. These low-velocity GCs have g' - i' colours consistent with the overall NGC 4365 GC system but have velocities consistent with the systemic velocity of NGC 4342. We discuss the possible formation scenarios for the three GC subpopulations as well as the possible origin of the low-velocity GC population. C1 [Blom, Christina; Forbes, Duncan A.; Spitler, Lee R.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Brodie, Jean P.; Romanowsky, Aaron J.] Univ Calif Observ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Foster, Caroline] European So Observ, Santiago 19001, Chile. [Strader, Jay] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Blom, C (reprint author), Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. EM cblom@astro.swin.edu.au RI Spitler, Lee/A-9867-2013; OI Spitler, Lee/0000-0001-5185-9876; Foster, Caroline/0000-0003-0247-1204 FU W. M. Keck Foundation; NSF [AST-0071048, AST-0808099, AST-0909237, AST-1109878]; Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission FX We thank the S. Larsen for constructive comments on the paper as well as A. Bogdan and C. Mihos for valuable discussion. We also thank M. Smith, V. Pota, C. Usher, S. Kartha, N. Pastorello and J. Arnold for support during the preparation of this manuscript. The data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The analysis pipeline used to reduce the DEIMOS data was developed at UC Berkeley with support from NSF grant AST-0071048. JPB and AJR acknowledge support from the NSF through grants AST-0808099, AST-0909237 and AST-1109878. CF acknowledges co-funding under the Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission (FP7-COFUND). NR 44 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 426 IS 3 BP 1959 EP 1971 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21795.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 023VE UT WOS:000310063900022 ER PT J AU Purcell, CR Longmore, SN Walsh, AJ Whiting, MT Breen, SL Britton, T Brooks, KJ Burton, MG Cunningham, MR Green, JA Harvey-Smith, L Hindson, L Hoare, MG Indermuehle, B Jones, PA Lo, N Lowe, V Phillips, CJ Thompson, MA Urquhart, JS Voronkov, MA White, GL AF Purcell, C. R. Longmore, S. N. Walsh, A. J. Whiting, M. T. Breen, S. L. Britton, T. Brooks, K. J. Burton, M. G. Cunningham, M. R. Green, J. A. Harvey-Smith, L. Hindson, L. Hoare, M. G. Indermuehle, B. Jones, P. A. Lo, N. Lowe, V. Phillips, C. J. Thompson, M. A. Urquhart, J. S. Voronkov, M. A. White, G. L. TI The H2O Southern Galactic Plane Survey: NH3?(1,1) and (2,2) catalogues SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE surveys; stars: early-type; stars: formation; ISM: evolution; Galaxy: structure; radio lines: ISM ID MASSIVE STAR-FORMATION; INFRARED DARK CLOUD; SPECTRAL-LINE DATA; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; MILKY-WAY; INTERSTELLAR AMMONIA; RING SURVEY; GALAXY; BAR; GAS AB The H2O Southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS) has mapped a 100 degrees strip of the Galactic plane (-70 degrees > l > 30 degrees, |b| < 0 degrees.5) using the 22 m Mopra antenna at 12 mm wavelengths. Observations were conducted in on-the-fly mode using the Mopra spectrometer (MOPS), targeting water masers, thermal molecular emission and radio-recombination lines. Foremost among the thermal lines are the 23?GHz transitions of NH3 J,K = (1,1) and (2,2), which trace the densest parts of molecular clouds (n > 104?cm-3). In this paper, we present the NH3?(1,1) and (2,2) data, which have a resolution of 2?arcmin and cover a velocity range of +/- 200?km?s-1. The median sensitivity of the NH3 data cubes is sT mb =0.20 +/- 0.06?K. For the (1,1) transition, this sensitivity equates to a 3.2?kpc distance limit for detecting a 20?K, 400?M? cloud at the 5s level. Similar clouds of mass 5000?M? would be detected as far as the Galactic Centre, while 30?000?M? clouds would be seen across the Galaxy. We have developed an automatic emission finding procedure based on the Australian Telescope National Facility (ATNF) duchamp software and have used it to create a new catalogue of 669 dense molecular clouds. The catalogue is 100 per cent complete at the 5s detection limit (Tmb = 1.0?K). A preliminary analysis of the ensemble cloud properties suggests that the near-kinematic distances are favoured. The cloud positions are consistent with current models of the Galaxy containing a long bar. Combined with other Galactic plane surveys this new molecular-line data set constitutes a key tool for examining Galactic structure and evolution. Data cubes, spectra and catalogues are available to the community via the HOPS website. C1 [Purcell, C. R.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney Inst Astron SiFA, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Purcell, C. R.; Hoare, M. G.] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Purcell, C. R.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Longmore, S. N.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Longmore, S. N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Walsh, A. J.; White, G. L.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Astron, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Whiting, M. T.; Breen, S. L.; Britton, T.; Brooks, K. J.; Green, J. A.; Harvey-Smith, L.; Hindson, L.; Indermuehle, B.; Lowe, V.; Phillips, C. J.; Urquhart, J. S.; Voronkov, M. A.] CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Britton, T.] Macquarie Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Burton, M. G.; Cunningham, M. R.; Jones, P. A.; Lowe, V.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Hindson, L.; Thompson, M. A.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Sci & Technol Res Inst, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Jones, P. A.; Lo, N.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Lo, N.] Uni Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA, Lab AIM Paris Saclay,Irfu,INSU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Urquhart, J. S.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Purcell, CR (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney Inst Astron SiFA, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM C.R.Purcell@leeds.ac.uk RI Walsh, Andrew/B-5627-2013; OI Walsh, Andrew/0000-0001-9506-0855; Purcell, Cormac/0000-0002-7491-7386; Brooks, Kate/0000-0001-9373-8992; Cunningham, Maria/0000-0001-7020-6176; Burton, Michael/0000-0001-7289-1998 FU Commonwealth of Australia; Centro de Astrofisica FONDAP [15010003]; GEMINI-CONICYT FUND FX The HOPS team would like to thank the anonymous referee whose comments greatly improved this work. We would also like to thank the dedicated work of CSIRO Narrabri staff who supported the observations beyond the call of duty. The University of New South Wales Digital Filter Bank used for the observations (MOPS) with the Mopra telescope was provided with support from the Australian Research Council, CSIRO, The University of New South Wales, Monash University and The University of Sydney. The Mopra radio telescope is part of the Australia Telescope National Facility which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. PAJ acknowledges partial support from Centro de Astrofisica FONDAP 15010003 and the GEMINI-CONICYT FUND. NR 47 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 426 IS 3 BP 1972 EP 1991 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21800.x PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 023VE UT WOS:000310063900023 ER PT J AU Comizzoli, P Songsasen, N Hagedorn, M Wildt, DE AF Comizzoli, P. Songsasen, N. Hagedorn, M. Wildt, D. E. TI Comparative cryobiological traits and requirements for gametes and gonadal tissues collected from wildlife species SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryopreservation; Spermatozoa; Oocytes; Gonadal tissues; Species conservation ID FROZEN-THAWED SPERMATOZOA; SUCCESSFUL ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; PAN-TROGLODYTES SPERMATOZOA; IN-VITRO; SPERM CRYOPRESERVATION; DOMESTIC CAT; PERMEABILITY CHARACTERISTICS; PHASCOLARCTOS-CINEREUS; OSMOTIC TOLERANCE; ELEPHAS-MAXIMUS AB A major challenge to retaining viability of frozen gametes and reproductive tissues is to understand and overcome species-specificities, especially because there is substantial diversity in cryobiological properties and requirements among cell types and tissues. Systematic studies can lead to successful post-thaw recovery, especially after determining: 1) membrane permeability to water and cryoprotectant, 2) cryoprotectant toxicity, 3) tolerance to osmotic changes, and 4) resistance to cooling and freezing temperatures. Although species-dependency ultimately dictates the ability of specific cells and tissues to survive freeze-thawing, there are commonalities between taxa that allow a protocol developed for one species to be useful information for another. This is the reason for performing comparative cryopreservation studies among diverse species. Our laboratory has compared cellular cryotolerance, especially in spermatozoa, in a diverse group of animals-from corals to elephants-for more than 30 yrs. Characterizing the biophysical traits of gametes and tissues is the most efficient way to develop successful storage and recovery protocols, but, such data are only available for a few laboratory, livestock, and fish species, with virtually all others (wild mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians) having gone unstudied. Nonetheless, when a rare animal unexpectedly dies, there is no time to understand the fundamentals of biophysics. In these emergencies, it is necessary to rely on experience and the best data from taxonomically-related species. Fortunately, there are some general similarities among most species, which, for example, allow adequate post-thaw viability. Regardless, there is a priority for more information on biophysical traits and freezing tolerance of distinctive biomaterials, especially for oocytes and gonadal tissues, and even for common, domesticated animals. Our colleague, Dr John Crister was a pioneer in cryobiology, earning that moniker because of his advocacy and devotion to understanding the differences (and similarities) among species to better store living genetic material. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Comizzoli, P.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA USA. RP Comizzoli, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM comizzolip@si.edu NR 103 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X EI 1879-3231 J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD NOV PY 2012 VL 78 IS 8 BP 1666 EP 1681 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.04.008 PG 16 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 027XU UT WOS:000310388200004 PM 22704386 ER PT J AU Budd, AF Fukami, H Smith, ND Knowlton, N AF Budd, Ann F. Fukami, Hironobu Smith, Nathan D. Knowlton, Nancy TI Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Mussidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia) SO ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE Caribbean; Faviidae; morphological phylogenetics; new classification; phylogenetic mapping ID MONTASTRAEA-ANNULARIS; INTERSPECIFIC AGGRESSION; SCOLYMIA-CUBENSIS; SPECIES COMPLEX; MOLECULAR-DATA; SYSTEMATICS; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION; ATLANTIC; PACIFIC AB Molecular analyses are transforming our understanding of the evolution of scleractinian corals and conflict with traditional classification, which is based on skeletal morphology. A new classification system, which integrates molecular and morphological data, is essential for documenting patterns of biodiversity and establishing priorities for marine conservation, as well as providing the morphological characters needed for linking present-day corals with fossil species. The present monograph is the first in a series whose goal is to develop such an integrated system. It addresses the taxonomic relationships of 55 Recent zooxanthellate genera (one new) in seven families (one new), which were previously assigned to the suborder Faviina (eight genera are transferred to incertae sedis). The present monograph has two objectives. First, we introduce the higher-level classification system for the 46 genera whose relationships are clear. Second, we formally revise the taxonomy of those corals belonging to the newly discovered family-level clade (restricted today to the western Atlantic and Caribbean regions); this revised family Mussidae consists of ten genera (one of which is new) and 26 species that were previously assigned to the traditional families Faviidae and Mussidae. To guide in discovering morphologic characters diagnostic of higher-level taxa, we mapped a total of 38 morphologic characters [19 macromorphology, eight micromorphology, 11 microstructure] onto a molecular tree consisting of 67 species [22 Indo-Pacific and seven Atlantic species in the traditional family Faviidae; 13 Indo-Pacific and ten Atlantic species in the traditional family Mussidae; 13 species in the traditional families Merulinidae (5), Pectiniidae (7), and Trachyphylliidae (1); two Atlantic species of traditional Montastraea], and trace character histories using parsimony. To evaluate the overall effectiveness of morphological data in phylogeny reconstruction, we performed morphology-based phylogenetic analyses using 27 (80 states) of the 38 characters, and compared morphological trees with molecular trees. The results of the ancestral state reconstructions revealed extensive homoplasy in almost all morphological characters. Family- and subfamily-level molecular clades [previously identified as XVII-XXI] are best distinguished on the basis of the shapes of septal teeth and corresponding microstructure. The newly revised family Mussidae (XXI) has septal teeth with regular pointed tips (a symplesiomorphy) and a stout blocky appearance. It has two subfamilies, Mussinae and Faviinae. The subfamily Mussinae is distinguished by spine-shaped teeth and widely spaced costoseptal clusters of calcification centres. The subfamily Faviinae is distinguished by blocky, pointed tricorne or paddle-shaped teeth with elliptical bases, transverse structures such as carinae that cross the septal plane, and well-developed aligned granules. Defining diagnostic characters for the broader data set is more challenging. In analyses of taxonomic subsets of the data set that were defined by clade, morphological phylogenetic analyses clearly distinguished the families Mussidae (XXI) and Lobophylliidae (XIX), as well as the two subfamilies of Mussidae (Mussinae, Faviinae), with one exception (Homophyllia australis). However, analyses of the entire 67-species data set distinguished the family Lobophylliidae (XIX), but not the Merulinidae (XVII) and not the newly defined Mussidae (XXI), although the subfamily Mussinae was recovered as monophyletic. Some lower-level relationships within the Merulinidae (XVII) agree with molecular results, but this particular family is especially problematic and requires additional molecular and morphological study. Future work including fossils will not only allow estimation of divergence times but also facilitate examination of the relationship between these divergences and changes in the environment and biogeography. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 166, 465529. C1 [Budd, Ann F.] Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Fukami, Hironobu] Miyazaki Univ, Fac Agr, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. [Smith, Nathan D.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Geol, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Knowlton, Nancy] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Knowlton, Nancy] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Budd, AF (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM ann-budd@uiowa.edu RI kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011 FU US National Science Foundation [DEB-0343208, DEB-1145043, ANT-0838925, DEB-0344310]; Sant Chair for Marine Science at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution FX We thank D. B. Carlon, J. C. Lang, D. Huang, and three anonymous reviewers for comments on preliminary drafts. T. S. Adrain (SUI), S. D. Cairns and T. Coffer (USNM), A. Andouche (MNHN), C. C. Wallace and P. Muir (MTQ), J. G. Darrell and B. R. Rosen (BMNH), B. W. Hoeksema (RMNH), C. Lueter (ZMB), G. Paulay (UF), S. van der Meij (RMNH), and E. A. Lazo-Wasem (YPM) helped with museum loans and cataloguing information. A. Feuerstein and C. Hoekenga (USNM), and H. A. Schultz (SUI) assisted with preparing figures. K. Saville and M. Wortel (SUI) of the Department of Geoscience Petrographics Facilities at the University of Iowa prepared thin sections. Scanning electron microscopy was performed at the University of Iowa Central Research Microscopy Facility (CRMF). Funds were provided by the US National Science Foundation Grant DEB-0343208 and DEB-1145043 to A. F. B., ANT-0838925 to N. D. S., and DEB-0344310 to N. K.; and by the Sant Chair for Marine Science at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. NR 152 TC 148 Z9 154 U1 5 U2 102 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4082 EI 1096-3642 J9 ZOOL J LINN SOC-LOND JI Zool. J. Linn. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 166 IS 3 BP 465 EP 529 DI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00855.x PG 65 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 027GW UT WOS:000310341400001 ER PT J AU Caldera, EJ Currie, CR AF Caldera, Eric J. Currie, Cameron R. TI The Population Structure of Antibiotic-Producing Bacterial Symbionts of Apterostigma dentigerum Ants: Impacts of Coevolution and Multipartite Symbiosis SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Apterostigma; Escovopsis; isolation by distance; population structure; Pseudonocardia; symbiosis ID FUNGUS-GROWING ANTS; LEAF-CUTTING ANTS; MICROBE SYMBIOSIS; ATTINE ANT; ACTINOMYCETE BACTERIA; MUTUALISTIC BACTERIA; FILAMENTOUS BACTERIA; TRIPARTITE MUTUALISM; EVOLUTION; RECOMBINATION AB Fungus-growing ants (Attini) are part of a complex symbiosis with Basidiomycetous fungi, which the ants cultivate for food, Ascomycetous fungal pathogens (Escovopsis), which parasitize cultivars, and Actinobacteria, which produce antibiotic compounds that suppress pathogen growth. Earlier studies that have characterized the association between attine ants and their bacterial symbionts have employed broad phylogenetic approaches, with conclusions ranging from a diffuse coevolved mutualism to no specificity being reported. However, the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution proposes that coevolved interactions likely occur at a level above local populations but within species. Moreover, the scale of population subdivision is likely to impact coevolutionary dynamics. Here, we describe the population structure of bacteria associated with the attine Apterostigma dentigerum across Central America using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of six housekeeping genes. The majority (90%) of bacteria that were isolated grouped into a single clade within the genus Pseudonocardia. In contrast to studies that have suggested that Pseudonocardia dispersal is high and therefore unconstrained by ant associations, we found highly structured (F-ST = 0.39) and dispersalST limited (i.e., significant isolation by distance; r = 0.517, P = .05) populations over even a relatively small scale (e. g., within the Panama Canal Zone). Estimates of recombination versus mutation were uncharacteristically low compared with estimates for free-living Actinobacteria (e. g., rho/theta = 0.028 in La Selva, Costa Rica), which suggests that recombination is constrained by association with ant hosts. Furthermore, Pseudonocardia population structure was correlated with that of Escovopsis species (r = 0.67, P = .02), supporting the bacteria's role in disease suppression. Overall, the population dynamics of symbiotic Pseudonocardia are more consistent with a specialized mutualistic association than with recently proposed models of low specificity and frequent horizontal acquisition. C1 [Caldera, Eric J.; Currie, Cameron R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Caldera, Eric J.; Currie, Cameron R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Currie, Cameron R.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Caldera, EJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM caldera@wisc.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Career Award [DEB-74702]; NSF Microbial Genome Sequencing grant [MCB-0731822]; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; National Institutes of Health (NIH) Microbes in Health and Disease Fellowship (NIH National Research Service Award) [AI55397]; OTS Christiane and Christopher Tyson Award; University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Zoology Graduate Research Grant FX We are grateful to J. J. Scott for valuable assistance with field collection, G. Suen for identifying housekeeping loci, G. Emmerich for help with DNA sequencing, M. Poulsen for insights into Pseudonocardia isolation, members of the Currie Lab for support and discussion, Carol Lee for comments on the manuscript, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute for providing logistical support in Panama and facilities to work in Gamboa, the Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente y el Mar for collection and export permits in Panama, the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS) for logistical support and facilities at La Selva Biological Station, and Ministerio del Ambiente y Energia for collection and export permits in Costa Rica. This research was supported by a National Science Foundation (NSF) Career Award (DEB-74702) and an NSF Microbial Genome Sequencing grant (MCB-0731822) to C. R. Currie. Support to E. J. Caldera included an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, a National Institutes of Health (NIH) Microbes in Health and Disease Fellowship (NIH National Research Service Award AI55397), an OTS Christiane and Christopher Tyson Award, and a University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Zoology Graduate Research Grant. NR 88 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 98 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 180 IS 5 BP 604 EP 617 DI 10.1086/667886 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 022QQ UT WOS:000309976800008 PM 23070321 ER PT J AU Choat, JH Klanten, OS Van Herwerden, L Robertson, DR Clements, KD AF Choat, John H. Klanten, Oya S. Van Herwerden, Lynne Robertson, D. Ross Clements, Kendall D. TI Patterns and processes in the evolutionary history of parrotfishes (Family Labridae) SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adaptive radiation; evolution; sexual selection; speciation; reef fish ID CORAL-REEF FISH; HERBIVOROUS GRAZING FISHES; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SEXUAL SELECTION; INDO-PACIFIC; DAMSELFISHES TELEOSTEI; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; EASTERN PACIFIC AB Phylogenetic reconstruction of the evolutionary relationships among 61 of the 70 species of the parrotfish genera Chlorurus and Scarus (Family Labridae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences retrieved 15 well-supported clades with mid Pliocene/Pleistocene diversification. Twenty-two reciprocally monophyletic sister-species pairs were identified: 64% were allopatric, and the remainder were sympatric. Age of divergence was similar for allopatric and sympatric species pairs. Sympatric sister pairs displayed greater divergence in morphology, ecology, and sexually dimorphic colour patterns than did allopatric pairs, suggesting that both genetic drift in allopatric species pairs and ecologically adaptive divergence between members of sympatric pairs have played a role in diversification. Basal species typically have small geographical ranges and are restricted to geographically and ecologically peripheral reef habitats. We found little evidence that a single dominant process has driven diversification, nor did we detect a pattern of discrete, sequential stages of diversification in relation to habitat, ecology, and reproductive biology. The evolution of Chlorurus and Scarus has been complex, involving a number of speciation processes. (C) 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, , . C1 [Choat, John H.; Klanten, Oya S.; Van Herwerden, Lynne] James Cook Univ, Sch Trop & Marine Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Robertson, D. Ross] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Clements, Kendall D.] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. RP Choat, JH (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Trop & Marine Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM john.choat@jcu.edu.au RI CSTFA, ResearcherID/P-1067-2014; Manager, MEEL/C-4732-2015; Klanten, Selma/C-5628-2011; van Herwerden, Lynne/I-1087-2012; OI Klanten, Selma/0000-0001-6296-4225; van Herwerden, Lynne/0000-0001-6717-8995; Clements, Kendall/0000-0001-8512-5977 FU Queensland Government/Smithsonian Institution STRI) Collaborative Funding; National Geographic Grant Program; JCU internal funding scheme and Program Grants; James Cook University [A503, A 872-04] FX This study is dedicated to Dr John E. Randall. Without his instruction on the taxonomy and colour phases of parrotfishes, the first author would not have been able to undertake such a study. Research support was through the Queensland Government/Smithsonian Institution STRI) Collaborative Funding to J.H.C and D. R. R, the National Geographic Grant Program to J.H.C and D. R. R., and by the JCU internal funding scheme and Program Grants. Logistic support for the sampling program was provided by the Seychelles Fisheries Authority and the research vessel 'L'Amitie'; the University of Guam Marine Laboratory; West Australian Fisheries, Lizard Island Research Station, (Australian Museum); National Museum Of Marine Science & Technology Taiwan Keelung; Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura of Venezuela; the Department of Fisheries, Bahamas; the Bermuda Fisheries Department; the Bermuda Biological Station for Research; Caribbean Marine Research Centre at Lee Stocking Island; Cocos Keeling and Christmas Island National Parks Department of Environment and Heritage Australia; Sultan Qaboos University Oman; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Arabia; and Silliman University Marine Laboratory, Philippines. Additional material was provided by Bishop Museum, Hawaii (J. E. Randall, A. Y. Suzumoto) National Museum of Marine Science & Technology Taiwan (Li Shu Chen), The Australian Museum (M. McGrouther), The Western Australian Museum (S. Morrison, G. Allen), D. Bellwood James Cook University, A. M. Ayling Sea Research Queensland, A. Lewis Tevenei Queensland, R. L. Moura, Secao de Peixes, Museu de Zoologia, CP 42594 Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Osmar J. Luiz Jr., Departamento de Zoologia e Museu de Historia Natural, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil, C. E. L. Ferreira, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi R. J., Brasil, S. R. Floeter, Laboratorio de Biogeografia e Macroecologia Marinha, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis S. C., Brasil, A. Halford, J. McIlwain, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman and University of Guam, R. Hamilton, The Nature Conservancy Brisbane. M. Meekan, Australian Institute of Marine Science, T. Hooper, Shoals Program Rodrigues, R. Abesamis, Silliman University. Acknowledgement of use of images: J. E. Randall, FishBase; Paul Humann, Government of US Virgin Islands. Laboratory assistance was provided by Julia Gardiner, Lara Upton, Vanessa Messmer, Lynda Axe, and Line Bay. For assistance with the distributional analyses, we thank Ben Radford, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Jonnell Sanciangco Old Dominion University, and Mia Theresa Comeros IUCN, Kayan Ma, James Cook University. Vivian Ward provided Figs 3 and 5. Analysis of colour patterns was assisted by U. Siebeck and J. Marshall Vision Touch and Hearing Research Centre, University of Queensland. The authors thank Lynda Axe, W. D. Robbins, J. L. Ackerman, and M. Berumen for assistance with the field collections. The manuscript was improved by discussions with D. Carlon, Luiz Rocha, P. Munday, D. Bellwood, R. Bonaldo, Elizabeth Trip, and G. Russ. We wish to thank two anonymous referees for comments on the manuscript. Collections in Australia were made under GBRMPA Permit numbers G01/356 and G03/3871.1 to the School of Marine Biology, James Cook University. The work was carried out under James Cook University Ethics Approval Nos. A503 and A 872-04. NR 80 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 8 U2 88 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 107 IS 3 BP 529 EP 557 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01959.x PG 29 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 023WX UT WOS:000310069000006 ER PT J AU Martinson, EO Herre, EA Machado, CA Arnold, AE AF Martinson, Ellen O. Herre, Edward Allen Machado, Carlos A. Arnold, A. Elizabeth TI Culture-Free Survey Reveals Diverse and Distinctive Fungal Communities Associated with Developing Figs (Ficus spp.) in Panama SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLLINATOR MUTUALISM; ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS; NEMATODE PARASITES; HOST-SPECIFICITY; WASP MUTUALISM; EVOLUTION; POPULATION; ANTS; IDENTIFICATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB The ancient association of figs (Ficus spp.) and their pollinating wasps (fig wasps; Chalcidoidea, Hymenoptera) is one of the most interdependent plant-insect mutualisms known. In addition to pollinating wasps, a diverse community of organisms develops within the microcosm of the fig inflorescence and fruit. To better understand the multipartite context of the fig-fig wasp association, we used a culture-free approach to examine fungal communities associated with syconia of six species of Ficus and their pollinating wasps in lowland Panama. Diverse fungi were recovered from surface-sterilized flowers of all Ficus species, including gall- and seed flowers at four developmental stages. Fungal communities in syconia and on pollinating wasps were similar, dominated by diverse and previously unknown Saccharomycotina, and distinct from leaf- and stem endophyte communities in the same region. Before pollination, fungal communities were similar between gall- and seed flowers and among Ficus species. However, fungal communities differed significantly in flowers after pollination vs. before pollination, and between anciently diverged lineages of Ficus with active vs. passive pollination syndromes. Within groups of relatively closely related figs, there was little evidence for strict-sense host specificity between figs and particular fungal species. Instead, mixing of fungal communities among related figs, coupled with evidence for possible transfer by pollinating wasps, is consistent with recent suggestions of pollinator mixing within syconia. In turn, changes in fungal communities during fig development and ripening suggest an unexplored role of yeasts in the context of the fig-pollinator wasp mutualism. C1 [Arnold, A. Elizabeth] Univ Arizona, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Martinson, Ellen O.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Herre, Edward Allen] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Machado, Carlos A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Arnold, AE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM Arnold@ag.arizona.edu RI Machado, Carlos/B-8855-2009 OI Machado, Carlos/0000-0003-1546-7415 FU National Science Foundation [IOB-062492]; Smithsonian Institute; National Science Foundation (NSF Graduate Research Fellowship) FX We gratefully acknowledge the National Science Foundation for supporting this research (IOB-062492 to AEA and an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to EOM) as well as the Smithsonian Institute (Predoctoral Fellowship to EOM). We thank the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute for logistical support and the government of Panama for permission to carry out this research. We are grateful to J. Hackett and A. Gomez for technical assistance, W. Marussich for collection of fig wasps, and J. U'Ren and V. Martinson for helpful discussion. NR 88 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 EI 1432-184X J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1073 EP 1084 DI 10.1007/s00248-012-0079-x PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 024SC UT WOS:000310127900022 PM 22729017 ER PT J AU Reid, BA Samushia, L White, M Percival, WJ Manera, M Padmanabhan, N Ross, AJ Sanchez, AG Bailey, S Bizyaev, D Bolton, AS Brewington, H Brinkmann, J Brownstein, JR Cuesta, AJ Eisenstein, DJ Gunn, JE Honscheid, K Malanushenko, E Malanushenko, V Maraston, C McBride, CK Muna, D Nichol, RC Oravetz, D Pan, K de Putter, R Roe, NA Ross, NP Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Seo, HJ Shelden, A Sheldon, ES Simmons, A Skibba, RA Snedden, S Swanson, MEC Thomas, D Tinker, J Tojeiro, R Verde, L Wake, DA Weaver, BA Weinberg, DH Zehavi, I Zhao, GB AF Reid, Beth A. Samushia, Lado White, Martin Percival, Will J. Manera, Marc Padmanabhan, Nikhil Ross, Ashley J. Sanchez, Ariel G. Bailey, Stephen Bizyaev, Dmitry Bolton, Adam S. Brewington, Howard Brinkmann, J. Brownstein, Joel R. Cuesta, Antonio J. Eisenstein, Daniel J. Gunn, James E. Honscheid, Klaus Malanushenko, Elena Malanushenko, Viktor Maraston, Claudia McBride, Cameron K. Muna, Demitri Nichol, Robert C. Oravetz, Daniel Pan, Kaike de Putter, Roland Roe, N. A. Ross, Nicholas P. Schlegel, David J. Schneider, Donald P. Seo, Hee-Jong Shelden, Alaina Sheldon, Erin S. Simmons, Audrey Skibba, Ramin A. Snedden, Stephanie Swanson, Molly E. C. Thomas, Daniel Tinker, Jeremy Tojeiro, Rita Verde, Licia Wake, David A. Weaver, Benjamin A. Weinberg, David H. Zehavi, Idit Zhao, Gong-Bo TI The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: measurements of the growth of structure and expansion rate at z=0.57 from anisotropic clustering SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE galaxies: haloes; galaxies: statistics; cosmological parameters; large-scale structure of Universe ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; LUMINOUS RED GALAXIES; DARK ENERGY SURVEY; 2-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTION; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; REDSHIFT SURVEY; ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATIONS; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; POWER-SPECTRUM; LINEAR REGIME AB We analyse the anisotropic clustering of massive galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) Data Release 9 (DR9) sample, which consists of 264-283 galaxies in the redshift range 0.43 < z < 0.7 spanning 3275 deg(2). Both peculiar velocities and errors in the assumed redshiftdistance relation (AlcockPaczynski effect) generate correlations between clustering amplitude and orientation with respect to the line of sight. Together with the sharp baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) standard ruler, our measurements of the broad-band shape of the monopole and quadrupole correlation functions simultaneously constrain the comoving angular diameter distance (2190 +/- 61 Mpc) to z = 0.57, the Hubble expansion rate at z = 0.57 (92.4 +/- 4.5 km s(-1) Mpc(-1)) and the growth rate of structure at that same redshift (d(sigma 8)/d ln a = 0.43 +/- 0.069). Our analysis provides the best current direct determination of both DA and H in galaxy clustering data using this technique. If we further assume a cold dark matter expansion history, our growth constraint tightens to d(sigma 8)/d ln a = 0.415 +/- 0.034. In combination with the cosmic microwave background, our measurements of D-A,H and d(sigma 8)/d ln a all separately require dark energy at z > 0.57, and when combined imply Omega(A) = 0.74 +/- 0.016, independent of the Universe's evolution at z < 0.57. All of these constraints assume scale-independent linear growth, and assume general relativity to compute both O(10 per cent) non-linear model corrections and our errors. In our companion paper, Samushia et al., we explore further cosmological implications of these observations. C1 [Reid, Beth A.; White, Martin; Bailey, Stephen; Roe, N. A.; Ross, Nicholas P.; Schlegel, David J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Samushia, Lado; Percival, Will J.; Manera, Marc; Ross, Ashley J.; Maraston, Claudia; Nichol, Robert C.; Thomas, Daniel; Tojeiro, Rita; Zhao, Gong-Bo] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth P01 3FX, Hants, England. [Samushia, Lado] Ilia State Univ, Natl Abastumani Astrophys Observ, GE-1060 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [White, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [White, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Padmanabhan, Nikhil; Cuesta, Antonio J.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Sanchez, Ariel G.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Bizyaev, Dmitry; Brewington, Howard; Brinkmann, J.; Malanushenko, Elena; Malanushenko, Viktor; Oravetz, Daniel; Pan, Kaike; Shelden, Alaina; Simmons, Audrey; Snedden, Stephanie] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Bolton, Adam S.; Brownstein, Joel R.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Eisenstein, Daniel J.; McBride, Cameron K.; Swanson, Molly E. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gunn, James E.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Honscheid, Klaus; Weinberg, David H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Honscheid, Klaus; Weinberg, David H.] Ohio State Univ, CCAPP, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Muna, Demitri; Tinker, Jeremy; Weaver, Benjamin A.] NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [de Putter, Roland] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia 46701, Spain. [de Putter, Roland; Verde, Licia] Univ Barcelona, IEEC UB, ICC, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Seo, Hee-Jong] Univ Calif Berkeley, LBL, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Seo, Hee-Jong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sheldon, Erin S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Skibba, Ramin A.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Verde, Licia] Passeig Lluis Co 23, ICREA, Barcelona 08010, Spain. [Wake, David A.] Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Zehavi, Idit] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Zhao, Gong-Bo] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. RP Reid, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM beth.ann.reid@gmail.com RI White, Martin/I-3880-2015; OI White, Martin/0000-0001-9912-5070; Cuesta Vazquez, Antonio Jose/0000-0002-4153-9470; Verde, Licia/0000-0003-2601-8770 NR 107 TC 187 Z9 188 U1 3 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 426 IS 4 BP 2719 EP 2737 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21779.x PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 023VI UT WOS:000310064400008 ER PT J AU Mittal, R Oonk, JBR Ferland, GJ Edge, AC O'Dea, CP Baum, SA Whelan, JT Johnstone, RM Combes, F Salome, P Fabian, AC Tremblay, GR Donahue, M Russell, H AF Mittal, Rupal Oonk, J. B. Raymond Ferland, Gary J. Edge, Alastair C. O'Dea, Christopher P. Baum, Stefi A. Whelan, John T. Johnstone, Roderick M. Combes, Francoise Salome, Philippe Fabian, Andy C. Tremblay, Grant R. Donahue, Megan Russell, Helen TI Herschel observations of extended atomic gas in the core of the Perseus cluster SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE dust, extinction; photodissociation region (PDR); galaxies: clusters: individual: NGC 1275; galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium; galaxies: ISM; galaxies: kinematics and dynamics ID COOLING-FLOW CLUSTERS; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN EMISSION; GALACTIC NUCLEUS FEEDBACK; DEEP CHANDRA OBSERVATION; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; OBSCURED STAR-FORMATION; H-ALPHA FILAMENTS; NGC 1275; X-RAY; CENTRAL GALAXIES AB We present Herschel observations of the core of the Perseus cluster of galaxies. Especially intriguing is the network of filaments that surround the brightest cluster galaxy, NGC 1275, previously imaged extensively in Ha and CO. In this work, we report detections of far-infrared (FIR) lines, in particular, [C?ii] 158, [O?i] 63, [N?ii] 122, [O?ib] 145 and [O?iii] 88? mu m, with Herschel. All lines are spatially extended, except [O?iii], with the [C?ii] line emission extending up to 25?kpc from the core. [C?ii] emission is found to be co-spatial with Ha and CO. Furthermore, [C?ii] shows a similar velocity distribution to CO, which has been shown in previous studies to display a close association with the Ha kinematics. The spatial and kinematical correlation among [C?ii], Ha and CO gives us confidence to model the different components of the gas with a common heating model. With the help of FIR continuum Herschel measurements, together with a suite of coeval radio, sub-millimetre and IR data from other observatories, we performed a spectral energy distribution fitting of NGC 1275 using a model that contains contributions from dust emission as well as synchrotron active galactic nucleus emission. This has allowed us to accurately estimate the dust parameters. The data indicate a low dust emissivity index, beta similar to 1, a total dust mass close to 107?M?, a cold dust component with temperature 38 +/- 2?K and a warm dust component with temperature 116 +/- 9?K. The FIR-derived star formation rate is 24 +/- 1?M??yr-1, which is in agreement with the far-ultraviolet-derived star formation rate in the core, determined after applying corrections for both Galactic and internal reddening. The total IR luminosity in the range 81000? mu m is inferred to be 1.5 x 1011?L?, making NGC 1275 a luminous IR galaxy. We investigated in detail the source of the Herschel FIR and Ha emissions emerging from a core region 4?kpc in radius. Based on simulations conducted using the radiative transfer code, cloudy, a heating model comprising old and young stellar populations is sufficient to explain these observations. The optical line ratios indicate that there may be a need for a second heating component. However, stellar photoionization seems to be the dominant mechanism. We have also detected [C?ii] in three well-studied regions of the filaments. Herschel, with its superior sensitivity to FIR emission, can detect far colder atomic gas than previous studies. We find an [O?i]/[C?ii] ratio about 1 dex smaller than predicted by the otherwise functional Ferland (2009) model. That study considered optically thin emission from a small cell of gas and by design did not consider the effects of reasonable column densities. The line ratio suggests that the lines are optically thick, as is typical of galactic photodissociation regions, and implies that there is a large reservoir of cold atomic gas. This was not included in previous inventories of the filament mass and may represent a significant component. C1 [Mittal, Rupal; Baum, Stefi A.] Rochester Inst Technol, Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Oonk, J. B. Raymond] Netherlands Inst Radio Astron, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Ferland, Gary J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Edge, Alastair C.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Inst Computat Cosmol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [O'Dea, Christopher P.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [O'Dea, Christopher P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Baum, Stefi A.] Radcliffe Inst Adv Study, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Whelan, John T.] Rochester Inst Technol, Sch Math Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Whelan, John T.] Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Computat Relat & Gravitat, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Johnstone, Roderick M.; Fabian, Andy C.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Combes, Francoise; Salome, Philippe] Observ Paris, LERMA, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France. [Tremblay, Grant R.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Donahue, Megan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Russell, Helen] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Mittal, R (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM rmittal@astro.rit.edu OI Whelan, John/0000-0001-5710-6576; Edge, Alastair/0000-0002-3398-6916; Tremblay, Grant/0000-0002-5445-5401; Combes, Francoise/0000-0003-2658-7893; Ferland, Gary/0000-0003-4503-6333 FU NASA through JPL/Caltech; National Science Foundation [AST-0607523]; Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University; NSF [0908877, 1108928, 1109061]; NASA [10-ATP10-0053, 10-ADAP10-0073, NNX12AH73G]; JPL (RSA) [1430426]; STScI [HST-AR-12125.01, GO-12560, HST-GO-12309]; Canadian Space Agency Space Science Enhancement Program FX We thank Christopher Conselice for providing the WIYN H alpha image and Greg Taylor for the radio images. We thank the referee sincerely for a very useful feedback. This work is based (in part) on observations made with Herschel, a European Space Agency Cornerstone Mission with significant participation by NASA. This work was supported by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. We thank M. Aller for providing us with the UMRAO data. This research has made use of data from the University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory which has been supported by the University of Michigan and by a series of grants from the National Science Foundation, most recently AST-0607523. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work is supported in part by the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University. GJF acknowledges support by NSF (0908877; 1108928 and 1109061), NASA (10-ATP10-0053, 10-ADAP10-0073 and NNX12AH73G), JPL (RSA No 1430426), and STScI (HST-AR-12125.01, GO-12560 and HST-GO-12309). STSDAS is a product of the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA for NASA. HRR thanks the Canadian Space Agency Space Science Enhancement Program for support. NR 106 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 426 IS 4 BP 2957 EP 2977 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21891.x PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 023VI UT WOS:000310064400025 ER PT J AU Cuk, M Hamilton, DP Holman, MJ AF Cuk, Matija Hamilton, Douglas P. Holman, Matthew J. TI Long-term stability of horseshoe orbits SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods: numerical; celestial mechanics; Earth; planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability; planets and satellites: individual: Venus ID LATE HEAVY BOMBARDMENT; SOLAR-SYSTEM; TROJANS; SATELLITES; EXISTENCE; DYNAMICS; PLANETS; TADPOLE; SATURN AB Unlike Trojans, horseshoe co-orbitals are not generally considered to be long-term stable. As the lifetime of Earth's and Venus's horseshoe co-orbitals is expected to be about a Gyr, we investigated the possible contribution of late-escaping inner planet co-orbitals to the lunar Late Heavy Bombardment. Contrary to analytical estimates, we do not find many horseshoe objects escaping after the first 100?Myr. In order to understand this behaviour, we ran a second set of simulations featuring idealized planets on circular orbits with a range of masses. We find that horseshoe co-orbitals are generally long lived (and potentially stable) for systems with primary-to-secondary mass ratios larger than about 1200. This is consistent with the results of Laughlin & Chambers for equal-mass pairs of co-orbital planets and the instability of Jupiter's horseshoe companions. Horseshoe orbits at smaller mass ratios are unstable because they must approach within 5 Hill radii of the secondary. In contrast, tadpole orbits are more robust and can remain stable even when approaching within 4 Hill radii of the secondary. C1 [Cuk, Matija] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Hamilton, Douglas P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Holman, Matthew J.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cuk, M (reprint author), SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM mcuk@seti.org NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 426 IS 4 BP 3051 EP 3056 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21964.x PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 023VI UT WOS:000310064400030 ER PT J AU Maccarone, TJ Torres, MAP Britt, CT Greiss, S Hynes, RI Jonker, PG Steeghs, D Wijnands, R Nelemans, G AF Maccarone, Thomas J. Torres, Manuel A. P. Britt, Christopher T. Greiss, Sandra Hynes, Robert I. Jonker, Peter G. Steeghs, Danny Wijnands, Rudy Nelemans, Gijs TI Radio sources in the Chandra Galactic Bulge Survey SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: bulge; galaxies: active; radio continuum: stars; X-rays: stars ID X-RAY BINARIES; BLACK-HOLE BINARIES; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; C2D SMALL CLOUDS; NRAO PMN SURVEYS; VLA SKY SURVEY; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS; IMAGE SUBTRACTION; SOURCE CATALOG AB We discuss radio sources in the Chandra Galactic Bulge Survey region. By cross-matching the X-ray sources in this field with the NRAO VLA Sky Survey archival data, we find 12 candidate matches. We present a classification scheme for radio/X-ray matches in surveys taken in or near the Galactic plane, taking into account other multiwavelength data. We show that none of the matches found here is likely to be due to coronal activity from normal stars because the radio to X-ray flux ratios are systematically too high. We show that one of the source could be a radio pulsar, and that one could be a planetary nebula, but that the bulk of the sources are likely to be background active galactic nuclei (AGN), with many confirmed through a variety of approaches. Several of the AGN are bright enough in the near-infrared (and presumably in the optical) to use as probes of the interstellar medium in the inner Galaxy. C1 [Maccarone, Thomas J.] Univ Southampton, Fac Phys & Appl Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Torres, Manuel A. P.; Jonker, Peter G.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Torres, Manuel A. P.; Jonker, Peter G.; Steeghs, Danny] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Britt, Christopher T.; Hynes, Robert I.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Greiss, Sandra; Steeghs, Danny] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Jonker, Peter G.; Nelemans, Gijs] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Wijnands, Rudy] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Nelemans, Gijs] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Astron, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RP Maccarone, TJ (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Fac Phys & Appl Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM t.j.maccarone@soton.ac.uk RI Nelemans, Gijs/D-3177-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016 OI Nelemans, Gijs/0000-0002-0752-2974; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X FU ESO telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory [085.D-0441, 087.D-0596]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research; National Science Foundation [AST-0908789]; Warwick Post-graduate Research Scholarship; European Research Council FX Based on observations made with ESO telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 085.D-0441 and 087.D-0596.; TJM thanks Anna Scaife for pointing out the existence of the high frequency published radio surveys which overlap with the GBS field, for making a visual inspection of the Nobeyama data for CX52 and for discussion of the radio properties of protostars. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. TJM thanks the Science and Technology Facilities Council for support under a rolling grant to the University of Southampton. PGJ and GN acknowledge support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. RIH and CTB acknowledge support from National Science Foundation Grant AST-0908789. DS acknowledges support from STFC through an Advanced Fellowship. SG acknowledges support through a Warwick Post-graduate Research Scholarship. RW is partially supported by a European Research Council Starting Grant. NR 80 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 426 IS 4 BP 3057 EP 3069 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21782.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 023VI UT WOS:000310064400031 ER PT J AU Narayan, R Sadowski, A Penna, RF Kulkarni, AK AF Narayan, Ramesh Sadowski, Aleksander Penna, Robert F. Kulkarni, Akshay K. TI GRMHD simulations of magnetized advection-dominated accretion on a non-spinning black hole: role of outflows SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; convection; methods: numerical; binaries: close; galaxies: jets ID SAGITTARIUS-A-ASTERISK; 3-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; MAGNETICALLY DRIVEN ACCRETION; RELATIVISTIC MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; LINEAR-POLARIZATION; GLOBAL SIMULATIONS; FIELD GEOMETRY; 2 DIMENSIONS; JET POWER; FLOWS AB We present results from two long-duration general relativistic magneto-hydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of advection-dominated accretion around a non-spinning black hole. The first simulation was designed to avoid significant accumulation of magnetic flux around the black hole. This simulation was run for a time of 200 000 GM/c(3) and achieved inflow equilibrium out to a radius similar to 90 GM/c(2). Even at this relatively large radius, the mass outflow rate (M) over dot(out) is found to be only 60 per cent of the net mass inflow rate (M) over dot(BH) into the black hole. The second simulation was designed to achieve substantial magnetic flux accumulation around the black hole in a magnetically arrested disc. This simulation was run for a shorter time of 100 000 GM/c(3). Nevertheless, because the mean radial velocity was several times larger than in the first simulation, it reached inflow equilibrium out to a radius similar to 170 GM/c(2). Here, (M) over dot(out) becomes equal to (M) over dot(BH) at r similar to 160 GM/c(2). Since the mass outflow rates in the two simulations do not show robust convergence with time, it is likely that the true outflow rates are lower than our estimates. The effect of black hole spin on mass outflow remains to be explored. Neither simulation shows strong evidence for convection, though a complete analysis including the effect of magnetic fields is left for the future. C1 [Narayan, Ramesh; Sadowski, Aleksander; Penna, Robert F.; Kulkarni, Akshay K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Narayan, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rnarayan@cfa.harvard.edu; asadowski@cfa.harvard.edu; rpenna@cfa.harvard.edu OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 FU NASA [NNX11AE16G]; NSF [AST-0805832]; NSF FX The authors thank Jonathan McKinney, Re'em Sari, Alexander Tchekhovskoy and Feng Yuan for comments on the paper. This work was supported in part by NASA grant NNX11AE16G and NSF grant AST-0805832. The simulations presented in this work were performed on the Pleiades supercomputer, using resources provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center. We also acknowledge NSF support via XSEDE resources at NICS Kraken and LoneStar. NR 75 TC 81 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 426 IS 4 BP 3241 EP 3259 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22002.x PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 023VI UT WOS:000310064400045 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JD Roubik, DW AF Ackerman, James D. Roubik, David W. TI Can extinction risk help explain plant-pollinator specificity among euglossine bee pollinated plants? SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL MUTUALISTIC NETWORKS; ORCHID-BEES; SPECIALIZATION; ABUNDANCE; SYSTEMS; APIDAE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ASSEMBLAGE; EVOLUTION; SELECTION AB Long-term or lifetime specificity in plantpollinator relationships is likely a consequence of natural selection to not only enhance the probability of cross-pollination but also to improve pollinator efficiency. Dependency on one or few pollinators involves risk whereas multiple species may reduce the probability of extinction via unreliable pollinator service. We analyzed specificity in terms of factors that may ameliorate risk such as long-term pollinator population stability, abundance and the duration of flowering. Bee population stability indices from seven continuous years of census data, combined with pollinator and flowering phenology data for 37 plant species in Panama, revealed pollinator specificity was not related to pollinator population stability. No relationship existed between the length of a flowering season and population stability of associated pollinators. Further data from 30 years of euglossine monitoring also revealed no relationship between bee abundance and specificity. However, a strong relationship was revealed between length of flowering period and specificity. A longer flowering season was associated with lower specificity and shorter flowering was associated with higher specificity, which is as expected if specificity is the outcome of a sampling problem but not as expected if specificity is accompanied by risk reduction. Plantpollinator specificity involving euglossine bees is evidently not related to bee population stability, abundance, or length of flowering period, in a manner that we predicted would be associated with reducing the risk of extinction. Variation in population stabilities of euglossines may be insufficient to be a factor in the evolution of plantpollinator specificity. In the tropics, specificity may be more associated with plant longevity, selection for efficiency or effectiveness, or flowering duration as a sampling phenomenon, than with reducing dependence on unreliable pollinators. C1 [Ackerman, James D.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Fac Nat Sci, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Roubik, David W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Ackerman, JD (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Fac Nat Sci, POB 70377, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. EM ackerman.upr@gmail.com FU Smithsonian Institution FX The original bee sampling was funded by a Smithsonian Institution Predoctoral Fellowship to JDA and Scholarly Studies grants from the same institution to DWR. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD NOV PY 2012 VL 121 IS 11 BP 1821 EP 1827 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.20193.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 023WB UT WOS:000310066600011 ER PT J AU Kling, HJ Laughinghouse, HD Smarda, J Komarek, J Acreman, J Bruun, K Watson, SB Chen, F AF Kling, Hedy J. Laughinghouse, H. Dail Smarda, Jan Komarek, Jiri Acreman, Judy Bruun, Karl Watson, Sue B. Chen, Feng TI A new red colonial Pseudanabaena (Cyanoprokaryota, Oscillatoriales) from North American large lakes SO FOTTEA LA English DT Article DE Cyanoprokaryotes; Oscillatoriales; Pseudanabaena; taxonomy; morphology; cytology; genetics; ecology; toxins ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT AB A new morphotype of the genus Pseudanabaena (Cyanoprokaryota, Oscillatoriales) was identified from bloom samples of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae RALFS ex BORNET et FLAHAULT taken from large central North American water bodies, Lake Winnipeg (LWPG) and Lake of the Woods (LOW), which drains into Lake Winnipeg (Fig. 1) and a strain of this morphotype was isolated from LOW in the fall of 2009. Here we describe the morphology and basic ecology, cytology and phylogenetic position of this new chromatic adaptive and colony forming planktonic species and propose a new species Pseudanabaena rutilus-viridis KLING et al. Preliminary research has indicated that it has the ability to produce the toxin microcystin and further research is under way to assess its ability to produce taste odour and other toxins and nitrogen fixing capacity. C1 [Kling, Hedy J.] Algal Taxon & Ecol Inc, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Laughinghouse, H. Dail] Univ Maryland, MEES Program, Coll Comp Math & Nat Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Laughinghouse, H. Dail] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Smarda, Jan] Masaryk Univ, Dept Biol, Fak Med, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic. [Komarek, Jiri] Inst Bot AS CR, Trebon, Czech Republic. [Acreman, Judy] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Canadian Phycol Culture Ctr CPCC, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Bruun, Karl] Nostoca Algae Lab, Bainbridge Isl, WA USA. [Watson, Sue B.] Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Chen, Feng] Univ Maryland, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Ctr Environm Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Kling, HJ (reprint author), Algal Taxon & Ecol Inc, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. EM hkling@mts.net RI Komarek, Jiri/H-1597-2014; Chen, Feng/P-3088-2014 FU [AV0Z60050516] FX We would like to thank Jeannie Toogood for collecting crucial Lake of the Woods 2009/2010 samples, Heather Roshon, CPCC, U of Waterloo for culturing, Diane Orhiel and Manitoba Conservation for Killarney Lake Sample 2010, Gordon Goldborough, Environmental Sciences, University of Manitoba for early 1992 Killarney Lake Data, Michael Stainton, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Chemistry Department, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg for fluoroprob analysis and chemistry, Zheng Liu for assistance in the molecular lab, Greg McCullough for maps and physical chemical data and Sharon Ryland for technical assistance, Rong Li, Environment Canada, Burlington for toxin analysis, Environment Canada for Lake Winnipeg and Lake of the Woods sample collection and their continued support of algal research. The study was supported also by AV0Z60050516 (J. Komarek). NR 34 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU CZECH PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI PRAHA 2 PA BENATSKA 2,, PRAHA 2, CZ-128 01, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 1802-5439 J9 FOTTEA JI Fottea PD NOV PY 2012 VL 12 IS 2 BP 327 EP 339 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 017YU UT WOS:000309627900012 ER PT J AU Walker, DM Castlebury, LA Rossman, AY Mejia, LC White, JF AF Walker, Donald M. Castlebury, Lisa A. Rossman, Amy Y. Mejia, Luis C. White, James F. TI Phylogeny and taxonomy of Ophiognomonia (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales), including twenty-five new species in this highly diverse genus SO FUNGAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Birch foliar pathogen; Butternut canker; GCPSR; Genealogical sorting index; Host associations; MS204; Multilocus phylogeny; Walnut anthracnose and leaf blotch ID GENEALOGICAL CONCORDANCE; TRITICEAE GRAMINEAE; HOST-ASSOCIATIONS; GENES; RECOGNITION; INFERENCE; FUNGUS; CRYPTOSPORELLA; ANTHRACNOSE; SYSTEMATICS AB Species of Ophiognomonia are leaf-inhabiting endophytes, pathogens, and saprobes that infect plants in the families Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, Lauraceae, Malvaceae, Platanaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, and Sapindaceae. Based on extensive collecting, this species-rich genus is now known to have a world wide distribution in primarily temperate areas, although some species are known from the subtropics. Analyses of DNA sequences from three markers including guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-like protein (MS204), translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef-1 alpha), and the ITS region including ITS1, 5.8 S rDNA and ITS2 regions (ITS) were used to define phylogenetic species in Ophiognomonia. Host plant association correlated with these species. Twenty-five new species of Ophiognomonia and two new combinations are proposed with descriptions and illustrations. In addition, descriptions and illustrations are provided for 12 other species of Ophiognomonia. A key is provided to the 45 currently accepted species of Ophiognomonia. The disposition of additional names in Ophiognomonia is also discussed. C1 [Walker, Donald M.] Univ Findlay, Dept Nat Sci, Findlay, OH 45840 USA. [Castlebury, Lisa A.; Rossman, Amy Y.] ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mejia, Luis C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 084303092, Ancon, Panama. [White, James F.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Walker, DM (reprint author), Univ Findlay, Dept Nat Sci, Findlay, OH 45840 USA. EM walkerd@findlay.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF 03-28364]; Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; Department of Plant Biology and Pathology; Mycological Society of America FX This project was funded by the National Science Foundation Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy (NSF 03-28364). Additional funding for field work by DMW was received through Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, from the C. Reed Funk Student Award by the Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, also the Backus Award and Everett Lutrell Mentor Student Travel Award from the Mycological Society of America. DMW also thanks Jo Anne Crouch and Adam Bazinet for assistance with data analyses; Kentaro Hosaka, Shinobu Inoue, Takao Kobayashi, Tsuyoshi Hosoya, Yousuke Degawa for hosting a collecting trip to Japan and Yuuri Hirooka for coordinating the visit; Christian Feuillet and Drew Minnis for discussions about nomenclature; Ryan Vo and Tunesha Phipps for technical assistance; and Larissa Vasilyeva, Alain Gardiennet, Yannick Mourgues, Marc Chovillon, Jacques Fornier, and Mikhail Sogonov for collection of fresh specimens for examination. NR 62 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1560-2745 J9 FUNGAL DIVERS JI Fungal Divers. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 57 IS 1 BP 85 EP 147 DI 10.1007/s13225-012-0200-y PG 63 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 021GF UT WOS:000309872600003 ER PT J AU Zimmer, EA Wen, J AF Zimmer, Elizabeth A. Wen, Jun TI Using nuclear gene data for plant phylogenetics: Progress and prospects SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Plant nuclear genes; Phylogenetics; Phylogenomics; Next generation sequencing; Polyploidy ID BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE; MADS-BOX GENES; EXPRESSED GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE GENES; RBCL SPACER REGION; DNA-SEQUENCE DATA; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY; RPB2 GENE; BETA-AMYLASE AB The paper reviews the current state of low and single copy nuclear markers that have been applied successfully in plant phylogenetics to date, and discusses case studies highlighting the potential of massively parallel high throughput or next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches for molecular phylogenetic and evolutionary investigations. The current state, prospects and challenges of specific single- or low-copy plant nuclear markers as well as phylogenomic case studies are presented and evaluated. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Zimmer, Elizabeth A.; Wen, Jun] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Zimmer, EA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM zimmerl@si.edu NR 200 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 6 U2 139 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 65 IS 2 BP 774 EP 785 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.07.015 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 018BY UT WOS:000309636200037 PM 22842093 ER PT J AU Sinimbu, G Coley, PD Lemes, MR Lokvam, J Kursar, TA AF Sinimbu, G. Coley, P. D. Lemes, M. R. Lokvam, J. Kursar, T. A. TI Do the antiherbivore traits of expanding leaves in the Neotropical tree Inga paraensis (Fabaceae) vary with light availability? SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Young leaves; Phenolics; Saponins; Canalization; Amazonia ID ANT-PLANT MUTUALISM; RAIN-FOREST; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; YOUNG LEAVES; NITROGEN-CONTENT; HERBIVORY; EXPANSION; DEFENSES; GROWTH; CONSEQUENCES AB Treefall gaps in tropical forests have a profound effect on plants growing in the understory, primarily due to increased light availability. In higher light, mature leaves typically have increased anti-herbivore defenses. However, since the majority of herbivory occurs while leaves are expanding, it is important to determine whether defense expression during the short period of leaf expansion is canalized (invariant) or plastic in response to variation in light. Therefore, we examined young leaves of Inga paraensis (Fabaceae) saplings growing along a light gradient in a terra-firme forest in Central Amazonia. We quantified leaf production and expansion time, dry mass of phenolics, saponins, and nitrogen, ants attracted to extrafloral nectaries, and leaf consumption. Over the entire light gradient, the number of leaves produced per flush increased by 50 % and the mass of phenolic compounds by 20 %, but no other traits changed. On average, 39 % of leaf area was consumed with no difference across the light gradient. Alone, none of the leaf traits was a significant predictor of leaf consumption, except for phenolics, which showed a positive relationship. Multiple regressions showed that leaf consumption was positively related to more leaves per flush and a higher concentration of phenolics in leaves. Unlike studies of mature leaves, young leaves of I. paraensis show low plasticity in defense traits across a light gradient, suggesting that leaf development is canalized. C1 [Sinimbu, G.; Coley, P. D.; Lokvam, J.; Kursar, T. A.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Sinimbu, G.; Lemes, M. R.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69083970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Coley, P. D.; Kursar, T. A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Lemes, M. R.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Lab Genet & Biol Reprod Plantas, BR-69083970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Lemes, M. R.] Inst Pesquisas Jardim Bot Rio de Janeiro, BR-22460030 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. RP Sinimbu, G (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM g.sinimbu@utah.edu FU Brazilian's Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico; National Science Foundation [DEB-0234936, DEB-0640630, DEB-1135733] FX GS appreciates help with field and lab work from P. H. S. Soares, C. Brancolina, E. R. Araujo, L. S. Chalco, E.Z. de Albuquerque, M. C. Vaz; M. T. B. da Silva, J.B. da Silva, J.F.T. Junior, S. Khachaturyan, R. Bixenmann, D. Denney, E. Murakami. We acknowledge valuable logistical support from BDFFP/INPA in Manaus, AM, Brazil; we thank J.M. da S Vilhena for identifying the ants; J. Seger and F. Adler for enlightenment regarding statistics; C. Dambros and E. Spear for R programming assistance, B. Lenz, C. Emer, K. Kitajima and anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments on the manuscript. Field collections were conducted in Manaus, Brazil and complied with current state and federal laws. Plants were exported through permit number 107895 from the Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renovaveis. G. S. received a Master scholarship and M. R. L. a research fellowship from the Brazilian's Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico. T. A. K., P. D. C., and J. L. were supported by National Science Foundation Grants DEB-0234936, DEB-0640630, DEB-1135733 and Research Experience for Undergraduate supplements. This is publication number 592 in the Biological Dynamics Forest Fragments Project Technical Series. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD NOV PY 2012 VL 170 IS 3 BP 669 EP 676 DI 10.1007/s00442-012-2353-5 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021DT UT WOS:000309866200008 PM 22614262 ER PT J AU Davis, AY Belaire, JA Farfan, MA Milz, D Sweeney, ER Loss, SR Minor, ES AF Davis, Amelie Y. Belaire, J. Amy Farfan, Monica A. Milz, Dan Sweeney, Eric R. Loss, Scott R. Minor, Emily S. TI Green infrastructure and bird diversity across an urban socioeconomic gradient SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; ecosystem services; environmental justice; species distribution modeling; urban ecology ID PREDICTING SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; INNER-CITY; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; BIODIVERSITY; ENVIRONMENT; BALTIMORE; RICHNESS; BENEFITS; PATTERNS AB As the world continues to urbanize, ensuring that urban residents have access to green infrastructure and the ecosystem services it provides will be critical. Furthermore, the distribution of green infrastructure within cities should be equitable so that no socioeconomic group is underserved in terms of the benefits derived from ecosystem services. Our goal was to test whether there were any differences among socioeconomic groups in terms of (1) proximity to open space, (2) proximity to Lake Michigan, (3) tree canopy cover, or (4) bird biodiversity in census tracts across Chicago, IL (USA). These four variables were used as proxies for a number of different ecosystem services. We characterized the first three variables with GIS operations using classified Quickbird imagery and other datasets that describe the urban and natural environment. We used MaxEnt to model suitable bird habitat for 52 species that are regularly observed in the area and combined the habitat maps to estimate bird biodiversity in a spatially explicit manner. Our results suggest that census tracts with more low-to mid-income Hispanic residents were farther away from both open space and Lake Michigan, and had less tree canopy cover and bird biodiversity than other census tracts. Tracts characterized mostly by low-income African Americans were not statistically different in terms of proximity to open space, nor in terms of tree canopy cover or bird biodiversity, than those characterized by higher income residents. Those tracts were, however, significantly farther from Lake Michigan compared to the higher income census tracts. This research suggests the potential for environmental injustice in Chicago and we discuss some possible causes and implications of our findings. C1 [Davis, Amelie Y.; Minor, Emily S.] Univ Illinois, Inst Environm Sci & Policy, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Belaire, J. Amy; Farfan, Monica A.; Milz, Dan; Sweeney, Eric R.; Minor, Emily S.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Loss, Scott R.] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Davis, AY (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Inst Environm Sci & Policy, 2121 West Taylor St,MC 673, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM davis.amelie@gmail.com RI Loss, Scott/B-1504-2014 FU National Science Foundation; Forest Service under IGERT program [0549245]; Forest Service under ULTRA-Ex program [0948484] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation and the Forest Service under the IGERT and ULTRA-Ex programs (grant numbers 0549245 and 0948484, respectively). We thank Nina Savar for developing the road network layer and running ArcGIS network analysis, which enabled us to calculate distance to nearest open space by block group. We also thank Stuart Wagenious for his assistance using R to run some of the statistical analyses and plot the data. Lastly, we thank Dr. Cadenasso and two anonymous reviewers for strengthening the discussion and conclusions of this paper. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 63 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2012 VL 3 IS 11 AR UNSP 105 DI 10.1890/ES12-00126.1 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256IU UT WOS:000327304100013 ER PT J AU Kaspari, M Donoso, D Lucas, JA Zumbusch, T Kay, AD AF Kaspari, Michael Donoso, David Lucas, Jane A. Zumbusch, Taylor Kay, Adam D. TI Using nutritional ecology to predict community structure: a field test in Neotropical ants SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE ants; brown food web; carbohydrates; Economics Hypothesis; functional traits; Liebig's Law of the Minimum; litter; Metabolic Fuel Hypothesis; nitrogen; nutritional ecology; protein; stoichiometry ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; MULTIPLE NUTRIENTS; ARGENTINE ANTS; RESOURCE; LITTER; FOOD; STOICHIOMETRY; DECOMPOSITION; HYMENOPTERA; COEXISTENCE AB Nutritional ecology predicts consumer behavior based on the biochemistry of species and biogeochemistry of the environment. It is thus well suited as a tool for predicting the effects of specific nutrients on consumer activity, abundance, and diversity across the landscape. We tested hypotheses from nutritional ecology in a Neotropical litter ant community by supplementing forest plots with carbohydrates (CHOs) and protein in a blocked factorial design. We tested the Compensation Hypothesis, which posits that consumers accumulate in patches of the rarest food type relative to demand, and the Economics Hypothesis, which assumes that species differ in nutrient based-functional traits, and that changes in nutrient availability will generate changes in species composition and community behavior. We found that CHO and protein had distinct effects on ant density, community composition, and per-worker activity. Ant density increased by 35% on +CHO plots but not +Protein plots, a result supporting the Compensation Hypothesis because CHO-rich plant exudates are uncommon and CHO-demanding microbial productivity is high in this brown food web. Consistent with the Economics Hypothesis, we found that +CHO plots had higher per-capita ant activity (the Metabolic Fuel Hypothesis) and attracted ants averaging 10% lower delta N-15 values. Species composition changed as well, with Wasmannia auropunctata, an invasive outside its native range, elsewhere, increasing five-fold on +CHO plots. Nutritional ecology can thus account for some of the patchiness and behavior of consumers in diverse communities. C1 [Kaspari, Michael; Donoso, David] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Grad Program EEB, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kaspari, Michael] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Lucas, Jane A.; Zumbusch, Taylor; Kay, Adam D.] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Donoso, David] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Ciencias Biol, Museo Zool QCAZ, Quito, Ecuador. RP Kaspari, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Grad Program EEB, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM mkaspari@ou.edu RI Donoso, David/A-2059-2016; OI Donoso, David/0000-0002-3408-1457; Kaspari, Michael/0000-0002-9717-5768 FU NSF [DEB 0842038] FX We thank the staff of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute on Barro Colorado Island for logistical support. Funding was provided by a grant from the NSF (DEB 0842038) to A. D. Kay and M. Kaspari. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2012 VL 3 IS 11 AR UNSP 93 DI 10.1890/ES12-00136.1 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256IU UT WOS:000327304100001 ER PT J AU Matternes, J Milner, R AF Matternes, Jay Milner, Richard TI Jay Matternes, Self-Portrait SO NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article C1 [Matternes, Jay] Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Matternes, Jay] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Matternes, J (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL HISTORY MAGAZINE PI NEW YORK PA 36 WEST 25TH STREET, FIFTH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0028-0712 J9 NAT HIST JI Nat. Hist. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 120 IS 9 BP 10 EP + PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V40FF UT WOS:000209463800011 ER PT J AU Kuhlen, M Vogelsberger, M Angulo, R AF Kuhlen, Michael Vogelsberger, Mark Angulo, Raul TI Numerical simulations of the dark universe: State of the art and the next decade SO PHYSICS OF THE DARK UNIVERSE LA English DT Article DE Numerical simulations; Dark matter; Dark energy; Cosmology; Structure formation AB We present a review of the current state of the art of cosmological dark matter simulations, with particular emphasis on the implications for dark matter detection efforts and studies of dark energy. This review is intended both for particle physicists, who may find the cosmological simulation literature opaque or confusing, and for astro-physicists, who may not be familiar with the role of simulations for observational and experimental probes of dark matter and dark energy. Our work is complementary to the contribution by Baldi in this issue, which focuses on the treatment of dark energy and cosmic acceleration in dedicated N-body simulations. Truly massive dark matter-only simulations are being conducted on national supercomputing centers, employing from several billion to over half a trillion particles to simulate the formation and evolution of cosmologically representative volumes (cosmic scale) or to zoom in on individual halos (cluster and galactic scale). These simulations cost millions of core-hours, require tens to hundreds of terabytes of memory, and use up to petabytes of disk storage. Predictions from such simulations touch on almost every aspect of dark matter and dark energy studies, and we give a comprehensive overview of this connection. We also discuss the limitations of the cold and collisionless DM-only approach, and describe in some detail efforts to include different particle physics as well as baryonic physics in cosmological galaxy formation simulations, including a discussion of recent results highlighting how the distribution of dark matter in halos may be altered. We end with an outlook for the next decade, presenting our view of how the field can be expected to progress. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. C1 [Kuhlen, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Astrophys Ctr, Hearst Field Annex, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vogelsberger, Mark] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Angulo, Raul] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. [Angulo, Raul] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kuhlen, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Astrophys Ctr, Hearst Field Annex, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mqk@astro.berkeley.edu NR 421 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2212-6864 J9 PHYS DARK UNIVERSE JI Phys. Dark Universe PD NOV PY 2012 VL 1 IS 1-2 BP 50 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.dark.2012.10.002 PG 44 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V34TJ UT WOS:000209108200004 ER PT J AU Warner, SE Shriver, WG Olsen, BJ Greenberg, RG Taylor, RJ AF Warner, Sarah E. Shriver, W. Gregory Olsen, Brian J. Greenberg, Russell G. Taylor, Robert J. TI Mercury in Wing and Tail Feathers of Hatch-Year and Adult Tidal Marsh Sparrows SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; FRESH-WATER; COMMON LOONS; BIRD FEATHERS; MALLARD EGGS; HEAVY-METALS; BLOOD; METHYLMERCURY; ACCUMULATION; PATTERNS AB We estimated mercury exposure and bioaccumulation in sparrow feathers to determine variation among age groups, between sparrow species, and between feather types. Results of feather mercury studies in piscivorous birds indicate that mercury concentrations tend to increase with age and differ between feather types; however, data for insectivorous birds are lacking. We estimated mercury exposure of two insectivorous and sympatric tidal marsh sparrows: coastal plain swamp sparrow (Melospiza georgiana nigrescens), and seaside sparrow (Ammodramous maritimus). Tidal marshes have favorable conditions for mercury methlyation, thus it is likely that tidal marsh sparrows are exposed to methylmercury. We found no difference in mercury concentrations between males and female birds of both species. Adult swamp sparrow feather mercury concentrations did not differ among adult age groups; therefore, mercury was not found to increase with age in sparrows at the site. Hatch-year birds had significantly greater feather mercury concentrations compared with adult birds for both species. Mercury concentrations in adult seaside sparrows were twice as high as those in adult swamp sparrows suggesting species-specific variation, although concentrations in hatch-year sparrow species did not differ. Mercury concentrations differed between feather types in adults of both species. The first primary feather of both species had at least three times greater mercury concentrations than the outer tail feather possibly reflecting varying depuration rates with feather type. C1 [Warner, Sarah E.; Shriver, W. Gregory] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19717 USA. [Olsen, Brian J.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Greenberg, Russell G.] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Taylor, Robert J.] Texas A&M Univ, Trace Element Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Warner, SE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Field Off, 505 Sci Dr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM sarah_warner@fws.gov FU University of Delaware, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources; The Wildlife Society FX We thank the University of Delaware, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and The Wildlife Society Wildlife Toxicology Working Group for financial and institutional support. James Haas and Linda Lyon provided valuable comments on early versions of this manuscript and are warmly acknowledged. We appreciate the critique by two anonymous reviewers whose suggestions improved the manuscript. We thank E. Kehas, S. Lawrence, B. Kiamal, V. Shiavi, M. Sieges, and H. Szalkowski for field support. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 63 IS 4 BP 586 EP 593 DI 10.1007/s00244-012-9783-2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 014BE UT WOS:000309349300013 PM 22864586 ER PT J AU Rey, O Estoup, A Vonshak, M Loiseau, A Blanchet, S Calcaterra, L Chifflet, L Rossi, JP Kergoat, GJ Foucaud, J Orivel, J Leponce, M Schultz, T Facon, B AF Rey, Olivier Estoup, Arnaud Vonshak, Merav Loiseau, Anne Blanchet, Simon Calcaterra, Luis Chifflet, Lucila Rossi, Jean-Pierre Kergoat, Gael J. Foucaud, Julien Orivel, Jerome Leponce, Maurice Schultz, Ted Facon, Benoit TI Where do adaptive shifts occur during invasion? A multidisciplinary approach to unravelling cold adaptation in a tropical ant species invading the Mediterranean area SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Adaptation; biological invasion; cold temperature; climatic niche shift; Mediterranean zone; Wasmannia auropunctata ID FIRE ANT; WASMANNIA-AUROPUNCTATA; SENECIO-INAEQUIDENS; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; POPULATION BIOLOGY; WORLDWIDE INVASION; NATIVE RANGE; NICHE SHIFT; EVOLUTION; SELECTION AB Evolution may improve the invasiveness of populations, but it often remains unclear whether key adaptation events occur after introduction into the recipient habitat (i.e. post-introduction adaptation scenario), or before introduction within the native range (i.e. prior-adaptation scenario) or at a primary site of invasion (i.e. bridgehead scenario). We used a multidisciplinary approach to determine which of these three scenarios underlies the invasion of the tropical ant Wasmannia auropunctata in a Mediterranean region (i.e. Israel). Species distribution models (SDM), phylogeographical analyses at a broad geographical scale and laboratory experiments on appropriate native and invasive populations indicated that Israeli populations followed an invasion scenario in which adaptation to cold occurred at the southern limit of the native range before dispersal to Israel. We discuss the usefulness of combining SDM, genetic and experimental approaches for unambiguous determination of eco-evolutionary invasion scenarios. C1 [Rey, Olivier; Estoup, Arnaud; Loiseau, Anne; Rossi, Jean-Pierre; Kergoat, Gael J.; Foucaud, Julien; Facon, Benoit] INRA, UMR1062, CBGP, F-34060 Montpellier, France. [Vonshak, Merav] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Blanchet, Simon] CNRS Moulis, USR 2936, Stn Ecol Expt, F-09200 Moulis, France. [Blanchet, Simon; Orivel, Jerome] CNRS, UMR 5174, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Calcaterra, Luis; Chifflet, Lucila] ARS, USDA, SABCL, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Orivel, Jerome] UAG, INRA, CNRS, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane,CIRAD,AgroParisTech, F-97379 Kourou, France. [Leponce, Maurice] IRSNB KBIN, Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, Brussels, Belgium. [Schultz, Ted] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Nat Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Rey, O (reprint author), INRA, UMR1062, CBGP, F-34060 Montpellier, France. EM olivier.rey.1@gmail.com RI Blanchet, Simon/A-2313-2010; Blanchet, Simon/D-4850-2013; OI Blanchet, Simon/0000-0002-3843-589X; Orivel, Jerome/0000-0002-5636-3228 NR 49 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 13 U2 133 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 15 IS 11 BP 1266 EP 1275 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01849.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 014SK UT WOS:000309395800007 PM 22906215 ER PT J AU Ocampo, EH Nunez, JD Cledon, M Baeza, JA AF Ocampo, Emiliano H. Nunez, Jesus D. Cledon, Maximiliano Antonio Baeza, J. TI Host-specific reproductive benefits, host selection behavior and host use pattern of the pinnotherid crab Calyptraeotheres garthi SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fitness; Habitat use; Host selection; Pinnotheridae; Preference; Symbiosis ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; PEA CRAB; ALLOPETROLISTHES-SPINIFRONS; SYMBIOTIC CRAB; MYTILUS-EDULIS; CLUTCH-SIZE; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; INACHUS-PHALANGIUM; BRACHYURAN CRABS; SHELL SELECTION AB In organisms using a wide variety of refuges, both the cost and benefits to the users might be refuge-specific. Under these circumstances, users using mechanisms (e.g., behavioral preference) that allow them to find and colonize refuges in which net benefits are maximized are expected to be selected by the environment. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that resource generalists display strong preferences for resources that provide the greatest reproductive benefits using Calyptraeotheres garthi, a crab that inhabits the limpets Crepidula cachimilla and Bostrycapulus odites in the south-western Atlantic. In the field, female crabs inhabiting C. cachimilla featured larger average body size, and subsequently, larger average fecundity and brood weight than those inhabiting B. odites. Thus, C. cachimilla is a higher quality host for C. garthi compared to B. odites. In contrast to expectations, host selection experiments revealed that female crabs were attracted to the host species from which they were collected and not to the host species that provided the greatest reproductive benefits (C. cachimilla). Host chemical and/or visual cues imprinted in crabs early during ontogeny (soon after colonization of their first host), rather than genetic differences, may explain the source-host fidelity of C. garthi. In the two hosts, females of C. garthi lead a solitary lifestyle and appear to inhabit the same host individual for long periods of time as indicated by the close relationship between female crab and host body size. The frequency of male-female pairs within host individuals was lower than expected by chance alone. Also, males were, on average, smaller than females and did not appear to inhabit the same host individual for long periods of time. The above suggests that males might be using a pure-search mating strategy, continuously roaming among host individuals in search of receptive females. The details of the mating system of C. garthi need to be further investigated. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ocampo, Emiliano H.; Nunez, Jesus D.; Cledon, Maximiliano] Univ Nacl Mar del Plata, EGEM Lab Ecol & Genet Especies Marinas, Dpto Cs Marinas, FCEyN, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Ocampo, Emiliano H.; Nunez, Jesus D.; Cledon, Maximiliano] Univ Nacl Mar del Plata, Inst Invest Marinas & Costeras IIMyC, FCEyN, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Ocampo, Emiliano H.; Nunez, Jesus D.; Cledon, Maximiliano] Aquarium Mar del Plata, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Antonio Baeza, J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Antonio Baeza, J.] Univ Catolica Norte, Fac Ciencias Mar, Dept Biol Marina, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile. RP Ocampo, EH (reprint author), Univ Nacl Mar del Plata, EGEM Lab Ecol & Genet Especies Marinas, Dpto Cs Marinas, FCEyN, Funes 3350, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM eocampo@mdp.edu.ar OI Baeza, Juan Antonio/0000-0002-2573-6773 FU Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata [EXA 453/09]; CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas de Argentina FX We are grateful to Dr. Enrique Morsan and colleagues of the IBMP for their hospitality during the travels to San Matias Gulf. We also thank fisherman Mr. Samuel Silva for helping us in collecting C. cachimilla. Sincere thanks are extended to two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and criticism that clearly improved the manuscript. The present work was partially supported by the project EXA 453/09 of Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. J.A.B. is most grateful to Tomas A. Luppi who made possible his visit to Argentina in 2009 and this collaboration. Additional support to E.O. was provided through a doctoral scholarship funded by CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas de Argentina. The present results are part of the PhD dissertation of E.O. This is the contribution number 885 of the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. [SS] NR 93 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 429 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2012.06.009 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 999BA UT WOS:000308282900006 ER PT J AU Maroja, LS Alschuler, R McMillan, WO Jiggins, CD AF Maroja, Luana S. Alschuler, Rebecca McMillan, W. Owen Jiggins, Chris D. TI Partial Complementarity of the Mimetic Yellow Bar Phenotype in Heliconius Butterflies SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WARNING COLOR; GENETIC-BASIS; CONVERGENT EVOLUTION; MULLERIAN MIMICRY; PELVIC REDUCTION; HYBRID ZONES; STICKLEBACKS; RADIATIONS; SPECIATION; MELPOMENE AB Heliconius butterflies are an excellent system for understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic change. Here we document surprising diversity in the genetic control of a common phenotype. Two disjunct H. erato populations have each recruited the Cr and/or Sd loci that control similar yellow hindwing patterns, but the alleles involved partially complement one another indicating either multiple origins for the patterning alleles or developmental drift in genetic control of similar patterns. We show that in these H. erato populations cr and sd are epistatically interacting and that the parental origin of alleles can explain phenotypes of backcross individuals. In contrast, mimetic H. melpomene populations with identical phenotypes (H. m. rosina and H. m. amaryllis) do not show genetic complementation (F(1)s and F(2)s are phenotypically identical to parentals). Finally, we report hybrid female inviability in H. m. melpomene x H. m. rosina crosses (previously only female infertility had been reported) and presence of standing genetic variation for alternative color alleles at the Yb locus in true breeding H. melpomene melpomene populations (expressed when in a different genomic background) that could be an important source of variation for the evolution of novel phenotypes or a result of developmental drift. Although recent work has emphasized the simple genetic control of wing pattern in Heliconius, we show there is underlying complexity in the allelic variation and epistatic interactions between major patterning loci. C1 [Maroja, Luana S.; Alschuler, Rebecca] Williams Coll, Dept Biol, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. [McMillan, W. Owen] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Jiggins, Chris D.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge, England. RP Maroja, LS (reprint author), Williams Coll, Dept Biol, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. EM lsm1@williams.edu RI Jiggins, Chris/B-9960-2008 OI Jiggins, Chris/0000-0002-7809-062X FU Leverhulme Trust; BBSRC; NSF [DBI-0923119, DEB-0844244, DEB-0715096]; Williams College FX This work was funded by a Leverhulme Trust award to C.D.J., a BBSRC grant to C.D.J. and L. S. M., NSF grants to W.O.M. (DBI-0923119, DEB-0844244, DEB-0715096) and a Williams College undergraduate research assistantship to R. A. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 31 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e48627 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0048627 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 030WJ UT WOS:000310600500182 PM 23119074 ER PT J AU Mozdzer, TJ Megonigal, JP AF Mozdzer, Thomas J. Megonigal, J. Patrick TI Jack-and-Master Trait Responses to Elevated CO2 and N: A Comparison of Native and Introduced Phragmites australis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; COMMON REED; CRYPTIC INVASION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NORTH-AMERICA; ENRICHMENT; NITROGEN; MARSH AB Global change is predicted to promote plant invasions world-wide, reducing biodiversity and ecosystem function. Phenotypic plasticity may influence the ability of introduced plant species to invade and dominate extant communities. However, interpreting differences in plasticity can be confounded by phylogenetic differences in morphology and physiology. Here we present a novel case investigating the role of fitness trait values and phenotypic plasticity to global change factors between conspecific lineages of Phragmites australis. We hypothesized that due to observed differences in the competitive success of North American-native and Eurasian-introduced P. australis genotypes, Eurasian-introduced P. australis would exhibit greater fitness in response to global change factors. Plasticity and plant performance to ambient and predicted levels of carbon dioxide and nitrogen pollution were investigated to understand how invasion pressure may change in North America under a realistic global change scenario. We found that the introduced Eurasian genotype expressed greater mean trait values in nearly every ecophysiological trait measured - aboveground and belowground - to elevated CO2 and nitrogen, outperforming the native North American conspecific by a factor of two to three under every global change scenario. This response is consistent with "jack and master" phenotypic plasticity. We suggest that differences in plant nitrogen productivity, specific leaf area, belowground biomass allocation, and inherently higher relative growth rate are the plant traits that may enhance invasion of Eurasian Phragmites in North America. Given the high degree of genotypic variability within this species, and our limited number of genotypes, our results must be interpreted cautiously. Our study is the first to demonstrate the potential importance of jack-and-master phenotypic plasticity in plant invasions when facing imminent global change conditions. We suggest that jack-and-master invasive genotypes and/or species similar to introduced P. australis will have an increased ecological fitness, facilitating their invasion in both stressful and resource rich environments. C1 [Mozdzer, Thomas J.; Megonigal, J. Patrick] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Mozdzer, TJ (reprint author), Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Biol, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. EM tmozdzer@brynmawr.edu RI Mozdzer, Thomas/A-3599-2014 OI Mozdzer, Thomas/0000-0002-1053-0967 FU Smithsonian Institution Fellowship FX Funding to TJM came from a Smithsonian Institution Fellowship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 81 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 31 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e42794 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0042794 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 030WJ UT WOS:000310600500001 PM 23118844 ER PT J AU Miller, J Dikow, T Agosti, D Sautter, G Catapano, T Penev, L Zhang, ZQ Pentcheff, D Pyle, R Blum, S Parr, C Freeland, C Garnett, T Ford, LS Muller, B Smith, L Strader, G Georgiev, T Benichou, L AF Miller, Jeremy Dikow, Torsten Agosti, Donat Sautter, Guido Catapano, Terry Penev, Lyubomir Zhang, Zhi-Qiang Pentcheff, Dean Pyle, Richard Blum, Stan Parr, Cynthia Freeland, Chris Garnett, Tom Ford, Linda S. Muller, Burgert Smith, Leo Strader, Ginger Georgiev, Teodor Benichou, Laurence TI From taxonomic literature to cybertaxonomic content SO BMC BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE cybertaxonomy; open access publishing; semantic content; XML markup ID BIODIVERSITY INFORMATICS C1 [Miller, Jeremy] Nat Biodivers Ctr, Dept Terr Zool, NL-2333 CR Leiden, Netherlands. [Miller, Jeremy] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Entomol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Dikow, Torsten] Field Museum Nat Hist, Biodivers Synth Ctr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Agosti, Donat] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Invertebrate Zool, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Agosti, Donat; Sautter, Guido; Catapano, Terry] Plazi, Bern, Switzerland. [Sautter, Guido] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Programmstrukturen & Datenorg, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Catapano, Terry] Columbia Univ, Lib Digital Programs Div, New York, NY USA. [Penev, Lyubomir] Pensoft, ZooKeys Editorial Off, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Zhang, Zhi-Qiang] Landcare Res, New Zealand Arthropod Collect, Auckland, New Zealand. [Pentcheff, Dean] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Crustacea Sect, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Pyle, Richard] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Dept Nat Sci, Honolulu, HI USA. [Blum, Stan] Calif Acad Sci, Ctr Appl Biodivers Informat, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Garnett, Tom] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Biodivers Heritage Lib, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Freeland, Chris] Missouri Bot Garden, Biodivers Heritage Lib, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. [Ford, Linda S.] Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Muller, Burgert] KwaZulu Natal Museum, Dept Nat Sci, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. [Smith, Leo] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Strader, Ginger] Smithsonian Inst Scholarly Press, Washington, DC USA. [Benichou, Laurence] Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-75231 Paris, France. RP Miller, J (reprint author), Nat Biodivers Ctr, Dept Terr Zool, Darwinweg 2, NL-2333 CR Leiden, Netherlands. EM jeremy.miller@naturalis.nl RI Zhang, Zhi-Qiang/C-4107-2009; Parr, Cynthia/E-8013-2010; OI Zhang, Zhi-Qiang/0000-0003-4172-0592; Parr, Cynthia/0000-0002-8870-7099; Catapano, Terry/0000-0002-6857-0021; Strader, Ginger/0000-0002-1590-0189; Miller, Jeremy/0000-0001-8918-9775; Georgiev, Teodor/0000-0001-8558-6845; Dikow, Torsten/0000-0003-4816-2909 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 24 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1741-7007 J9 BMC BIOL JI BMC Biol. PD OCT 31 PY 2012 VL 10 AR 87 DI 10.1186/1741-7007-10-87 PG 5 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 031GX UT WOS:000310628500001 PM 23114078 ER PT J AU Choi, S Onofrio, R Sundaram, B AF Choi, Stephen Onofrio, Roberto Sundaram, Bala TI Squeezing and robustness of frictionless cooling strategies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT HARMONIC-OSCILLATOR; BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; OPTICAL LATTICE; MIXTURES; TRAPS; FIELD AB Quantum control strategies that provide shortcuts to adiabaticity are increasingly considered in various contexts including atomic cooling. Recent studies have emphasized practical issues in order to reduce the gap between idealized models and actual ongoing implementations. We rephrase the cooling features in terms of a peculiar squeezing effect and use it to parametrize the robustness of frictionless cooling techniques with respect to noise-induced deviations from the ideal time-dependent trajectory for the trapping frequency. We finally discuss qualitative issues for the experimental implementation of this scheme using bichromatic optical traps and lattices, which seem especially suitable for cooling Fermi-Bose mixtures and for investigating equilibration of negative temperature states, respectively. C1 [Choi, Stephen; Sundaram, Bala] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Onofrio, Roberto] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron Galileo Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Onofrio, Roberto] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Choi, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Harbor Campus, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM stephen.choi@umb.edu RI Sundaram, Bala/A-6532-2010 OI Sundaram, Bala/0000-0002-1728-704X NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 31 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 4 AR 043436 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.043436 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 028PO UT WOS:000310434800010 ER PT J AU Lin, DM Lai, JS Muller-Landau, HC Mi, XC Ma, KP AF Lin, Dunmei Lai, Jiangshan Muller-Landau, Helene C. Mi, Xiangcheng Ma, Keping TI Topographic Variation in Aboveground Biomass in a Subtropical Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest in China SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NEOTROPICAL FOREST; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON STOCKS; HETEROGENEOUS LANDSCAPES; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; SOUTHWESTERN BORNEO; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; AMAZONIAN FOREST; TROPICAL FOREST AB The subtropical forest biome occupies about 25% of China, with species diversity only next to tropical forests. Despite the recognized importance of subtropical forest in regional carbon storage and cycling, uncertainties remain regarding the carbon storage of subtropical forests, and few studies have quantified within-site variation of biomass, making it difficult to evaluate the role of these forests in the global and regional carbon cycles. Using data for a 24-ha census plot in east China, we quantify aboveground biomass, characterize its spatial variation among different habitats, and analyse species relative contribution to the total aboveground biomass of different habitats. The average aboveground biomass was 223.0 Mg ha(-1) (bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals [217.6, 228.5]) and varied substantially among four topographically defined habitats, from 180.6 Mg ha(-1) (bootstrapped 95% CI [167.1, 195.0]) in the upper ridge to 245.9 Mg ha 21 (bootstrapped 95% CI [238.3, 253.8]) in the lower ridge, with upper and lower valley intermediate. In consistent with our expectation, individual species contributed differently to the total aboveground biomass of different habitats, reflecting significant species habitat associations. Different species show differently in habitat preference in terms of biomass contribution. These patterns may be the consequences of ecological strategies difference among different species. Results from this study enhance our ability to evaluate the role of subtropical forests in the regional carbon cycle and provide valuable information to guide the protection and management of subtropical broad-leaved forest for carbon sequestration and carbon storage. C1 [Lin, Dunmei; Lai, Jiangshan; Mi, Xiangcheng; Ma, Keping] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Inst Bot, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Lin, Dunmei] Beijing Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Muller-Landau, Helene C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Ma, KP (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Inst Bot, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM kpma@ibcas.ac.cn RI Lin, Dunmei/I-6779-2012; OI Lin, Dunmei/0000-0001-6112-7783 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-430]; Earthwatch Institute; HSBC Climate Partnership FX This study was funded by Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-430). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; We thank Dr. Ryan Chisholm for helpful suggestions in manuscript preparation and the field crew for their hard work throughout this study. We are grateful to acknowledge the support of Earthwatch Institute and the HSBC Climate Partnership. NR 71 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 41 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 30 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e48244 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0048244 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 032HJ UT WOS:000310705600033 PM 23118961 ER PT J AU Knowlton, N AF Knowlton, Nancy TI Iconic coral reef degraded despite substantial protection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Knowlton, Nancy] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Knowlton, Nancy] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Knowlton, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM knowlton@si.edu NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 30 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 30 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 44 BP 17734 EP 17735 DI 10.1073/pnas.1215836109 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 038BJ UT WOS:000311149900019 PM 23077251 ER PT J AU Sato, B Hartman, JD Bakos, GA Beky, B Torres, G Latham, DW Kovacs, G Csubry, Z Penev, K Noyes, RW Buchhave, LA Quinn, SN Everett, M Esquerdo, GA Fischer, DA Howard, AW Johnson, JA Marcy, GW Sasselov, DD Szklenar, T Lazar, J Papp, I Sari, P AF Sato, Bun'ei Hartman, Joel D. Bakos, Gaspar A. Beky, Bence Torres, Guillermo Latham, David W. Kovacs, Geza Csubry, Zoltan Penev, Kaloyan Noyes, Robert W. Buchhave, Lars A. Quinn, Samuel N. Everett, Mark Esquerdo, Gilbert A. Fischer, Debra A. Howard, Andrew W. Johnson, John A. Marcy, Geoff W. Sasselov, Dimitar D. Szklenar, Tamas Lazar, Jozsef Papp, Istvan Sari, Pal TI HAT-P-38b: A Saturn-Mass Planet Transiting a Late G Star SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE stars: individual (GSC 2314-00559); stars: planetary systems; techniques: photometric; techniques: spectroscopic ID ECCENTRIC ORBIT; HOT-JUPITER; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; GIANT PLANETS; OKAYAMA HIDES; IODINE CELLS; SUPER-EARTH; BRIGHT STAR; SUBARU HDS; K-DWARF AB We report on the discovery of HAT-P-38b, a Saturn-mass exoplanet, transiting the V = 12.56 dwarf star GSC 2314-00559 on a P = 4.6404 d circular orbit. The host star is a 0.89 M-circle dot late G dwarf, with solar metallicity and a radius of 0.92 R-circle dot. The planetary companion has a mass of 0.27 M-J and a radius of 0.82 R-J. HAT-P-38b is one of the planets the mass and radius of which have ever been discovered to be the closest to those of Saturn. C1 [Sato, Bun'ei] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Hartman, Joel D.; Bakos, Gaspar A.; Csubry, Zoltan; Penev, Kaloyan] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hartman, Joel D.; Bakos, Gaspar A.; Beky, Bence; Torres, Guillermo; Latham, David W.; Csubry, Zoltan; Penev, Kaloyan; Noyes, Robert W.; Quinn, Samuel N.; Everett, Mark; Esquerdo, Gilbert A.; Sasselov, Dimitar D.; Szklenar, Tamas] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kovacs, Geza] Konkoly Observ Budapest, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. [Buchhave, Lars A.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Buchhave, Lars A.] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr Star & Planet Format, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Quinn, Samuel N.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Fischer, Debra A.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Howard, Andrew W.; Marcy, Geoff W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Johnson, John A.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lazar, Jozsef; Papp, Istvan; Sari, Pal] Hungarian Astron Assoc, H-1461 Budapest, Hungary. RP Sato, B (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Meguro Ku, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. EM satobn@geo.titech.ac.jp RI Howard, Andrew/D-4148-2015; OI Howard, Andrew/0000-0001-8638-0320; Hartman, Joel/0000-0001-8732-6166; Fischer, Debra/0000-0003-2221-0861 FU NASA [NNG04GN74G, NNX08AF23G, NNX09AB29G, SAO IRD, NNX09AF59G]; Kepler Mission under NASA [NCC2-1390]; Hungarian Scientific Research Foundation (OTKA) [K-81373] FX HATNet operations have been funded by NASA grants NNG04GN74G, NNX08AF23G, NNX09AB29G and SAO IR&D grants. GT acknowledges partial support from NASA grant NNX09AF59G. We also acknowledge partial support from the Kepler Mission under NASA Cooperative Agreement NCC2-1390 (DWL, PI). GK thanks the Hungarian Scientific Research Foundation (OTKA) for support through grant K-81373. This research has made use of Keck telescope time granted through NASA (N108Hr). Based in part on data collected at Subaru Telescope, which is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD OCT 25 PY 2012 VL 64 IS 5 AR 97 DI 10.1093/pasj/64.5.97 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 065KQ UT WOS:000313147600009 ER PT J AU Cooray, A Smidt, J De Bernardis, F Gong, Y Stern, D Ashby, MLN Eisenhardt, PR Frazer, CC Gonzalez, AH Kochanek, CS Kozlowski, S Wright, EL AF Cooray, Asantha Smidt, Joseph De Bernardis, Francesco Gong, Yan Stern, Daniel Ashby, Matthew L. N. Eisenhardt, Peter R. Frazer, Christopher C. Gonzalez, Anthony H. Kochanek, Christopher S. Kozlowski, Szymon Wright, Edward L. TI Near-infrared background anisotropies from diffuse intrahalo light of galaxies SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES; WIDE-FIELD SURVEY; INTRACLUSTER LIGHT; POPULATION-III; STELLAR HALOS; FLUCTUATIONS; STARS; DEEP; REIONIZATION; CALIBRATION AB Unresolved anisotropies of the cosmic near-infrared background radiation are expected to have contributions from the earliest galaxies during the epoch of reionization(1-5) and from faint, dwarf galaxies at intermediate redshifts(6,7). Previous measurements(8-12) were unable to pinpoint conclusively the dominant origin because they did not sample spatial scales that were sufficiently large to distinguish between these two possibilities. Here we report a measurement of the anisotropy power spectrum from subarcminute to one-degree angular scales, and find the clustering amplitude to be larger than predicted by the models based on the two existing explanations. As the shot-noise level of the power spectrum is consistent with that expected from faint galaxies, a new source population on the sky is not necessary to explain the observations. However, a physical mechanism that increases the clustering amplitude is needed. Motivated by recent results related to the extended stellar light profile in dark-matter haloes(13-15), we consider the possibility that the fluctuations originate from intrahalo stars of all galaxies. We find that the measured power spectrum can be explained by an intrahalo light fraction of 0.07 to 0.2 per cent relative to the total luminosity in dark-matter haloes of 10(9) to 10(12) solar masses at redshifts of about 1 to 4. C1 [Cooray, Asantha; Smidt, Joseph; De Bernardis, Francesco; Gong, Yan; Frazer, Christopher C.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Stern, Daniel; Eisenhardt, Peter R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ashby, Matthew L. N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gonzalez, Anthony H.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kochanek, Christopher S.; Kozlowski, Szymon] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kozlowski, Szymon] Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. [Wright, Edward L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Cooray, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM acooray@uci.edu RI Kozlowski, Szymon/G-4799-2013 OI Kozlowski, Szymon/0000-0003-4084-880X FU NSF CAREER; NASA ADAP; JPL/Caltech FX We acknowledge support from NSF CAREER (to A.C.), NASA ADAP and an award from JPL/Caltech. We thank R. Arendt for sharing his IRAC self-calibration code. We thank J. Bock and M. Zemcov for their contributions to the SDWFS project. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope. This work also made use of data products provided by the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey. A.C. thanks the Aspen Center for Physics for hospitality. NR 30 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 25 PY 2012 VL 490 IS 7421 BP 514 EP 516 DI 10.1038/nature11474 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 025NK UT WOS:000310196200036 PM 23099405 ER PT J AU Tsangaras, K Avila-Arcos, MC Ishida, Y Helgen, KM Roca, AL Greenwood, AD AF Tsangaras, Kyriakos Avila-Arcos, Maria C. Ishida, Yasuko Helgen, Kristofer M. Roca, Alfred L. Greenwood, Alex D. TI Historically low mitochondrial DNA diversity in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; ANCIENT DNA; CONSERVATION GENETICS; SARCOPHILUS-HARRISII; TASMANIAN DEVIL; POPULATION; VARIABILITY; PLEISTOCENE; EXTINCTION; MEGAFAUNA AB Background: The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is an arboreal marsupial that was historically widespread across eastern Australia until the end of the 19th century when it suffered a steep population decline. Hunting for the fur trade, habitat conversion, and disease contributed to a precipitous reduction in koala population size during the late 1800s and early 1900s. To examine the effects of these reductions in population size on koala genetic diversity, we sequenced part of the hypervariable region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in koala museum specimens collected in the 19th and 20th centuries, hypothesizing that the historical samples would exhibit greater genetic diversity. Results: The mtDNA haplotypes present in historical museum samples were identical to haplotypes found in modern koala populations, and no novel haplotypes were detected. Rarefaction analyses suggested that the mtDNA genetic diversity present in the museum samples was similar to that of modern koalas. Conclusions: Low mtDNA diversity may have been present in koala populations prior to recent population declines. When considering management strategies, low genetic diversity of the mtDNA hypervariable region may not indicate recent inbreeding or founder events but may reflect an older historical pattern for koalas. C1 [Tsangaras, Kyriakos; Greenwood, Alex D.] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, D-10315 Berlin, Germany. [Avila-Arcos, Maria C.] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Ishida, Yasuko; Roca, Alfred L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Helgen, Kristofer M.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Greenwood, AD (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, D-10315 Berlin, Germany. EM greenwood@izw-berlin.de OI Avila-Arcos, Maria C./0000-0003-1691-1696 FU Australian Research Council; Danish National Research Foundation 'GeoGenetics'; Smithsonian Institution; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [R01GM092706]; Lundbeck Foundation FX The authors wish to thank S. Calvignac-Spencer for help in the initial stages of this project and Karin Honig for technical assistance. We also thank Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis and Simon Y.W. Ho for helpful suggestions. We thank G. Gordon, K. Aplin, and S. Jackson for helpful discussions. The authors thank Lauren Helgen and Paige Engelbrektsson for assistance with the koala distribution map. For museum specimens, we thank F. Johansson and G. Nilson (Bohuslans Museum), R. Timm (Natural History Museum - University of Kansas), J. Chupasko and H. Hoekstra (Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology), W. Longmore (Victoria Museum, O. Gronwall and U. Johansson (Swedish Natural History Museum), J. Eger (Royal Ontario Museum), S. Hinshaw (University of Michigan Museum of Zoology), D. Stemmer and C. Kemper (South Australian Museum), S. Ingleby (Australian Museum), S. Van Dyck and H. Janetzki (Queensland Museum). For modern koala samples, we thank R. Hanson, M. Malasky, M. Bush, J. Graves, D. Wildt, W. Sherwin and S. O'Brien. We also thank the San Diego Zoo, Columbus Zoo and San Francisco Zoo for samples. M.C.A.A. was supported by The Australian Research Council, Lundbeck Foundation 'Pathogen Palaeogenomes', and the Danish National Research Foundation 'GeoGenetics' grants. K.M.H was supported by the Smithsonian Institution. This research was supported by Grant Number R01GM092706 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences or the National Institutes of Health. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 49 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD OCT 24 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 92 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-13-92 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 051QK UT WOS:000312141900001 PM 23095716 ER PT J AU Heidemaa, M Smith, DR Shinohara, A AF Heidemaa, Mikk Smith, David R. Shinohara, Akihiko TI Taxonomy of Dolerus subfasciatus auct. and D. subfasciatus F. Smith with notes on the sawfly subgenus Equidolerus (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Sawflies; lectotype; nomenclature AB Dolerus (Equidolerus) subfasciatus F. Smith 1874 is a valid species. Dolerus subfasciatus auct. is shown to include three distinct species: the Nearctic D. (Equidolerus.) neoaprilis MacGillivray, 1908, spec. rev. and two Palaearctic species, D. (E.) pseudoanticus Malaise, 1931, spec. rev. and D. (E.) rhodogaster Zhelochovtsev, 1935, stat. nov. Distribution records and imaginal diagnostic characters of the species are provided, and the male of D. (E.) subfasciatus is described. Lectotypes are designated for Dolerus picinus Marlatt, 1898, D. picinus rhodogaster Zhelochovtsev, 1935, D. pseudoanticus Malaise, 1931, and D. yokohamensis Rohwer, 1925. Dolerus lucidus Freymuth, 1870 and D. purus Jakowlew, 1891 are associated with the subgenus Equidolerus and D. glabratus Wei, 2002 is transferred from Equidolerus to Dolerus s. str. C1 [Heidemaa, Mikk] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Dept Zool, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. [Smith, David R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, US Dept Agr,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Shinohara, Akihiko] Natl Museum Nat & Sci, Dept Zool, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050005, Japan. RP Heidemaa, M (reprint author), Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Dept Zool, Vanemuise 46, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. EM mikk.heidemaa@ut.ee; sawfly2@aol.com; shinohar@kahaku.go.jp FU Estonian Science Foundation [6598]; Estonian Ministry of Education and Science [SF0180122s08]; European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (Center of Excellence FIBIR) FX We thank Natalie Dale-Skey Papilloud and Suzanne Ryder (BMNH), Hege Vardal (NHRS), and Paul Tinerella and Dimitri Dmitriov (INHS) for loaning the related type specimens. Sergey A. Belokobylskij (ZIN), Frank Koch (ZMHB), Olof Bistrom and Pekka Malinen (ZMH), Tikahiko Naito (Himeji, Japan), Anssi Teras (MZAT), and Alexey G. Zinovjev (ZIN / Randolph, Massachusetts, USA) kindly provided us with additional material for study. Natalie helpfully took some ovipositor photos of the D. subfasciatus lectotype, and Michele Touchet, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Washington, D. C., kindly helped with Figures 1 and 4. Meicai Wei (CSCS) kindly took photos of the Dolerus glabratus holotype for us. Andrew Liston (SDEI) is thanked for drawing our attention to a little known paper by Harukawa & Kumashiro and for providing a copy. Marko Prous (University of Tartu Natural History Museum) kindly delivered specimens from ZIN, ZMH, and ZMHB. MH received some support from the Estonian Science Foundation (grant number 6598), the Estonian Ministry of Education and Science (target-financing project number SF0180122s08) and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (Center of Excellence FIBIR). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 24 PY 2012 IS 3525 BP 1 EP 17 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 024UQ UT WOS:000310135100001 ER PT J AU Xi, ZX Ruhfel, BR Schaefer, H Amorim, AM Sugumaran, M Wurdack, KJ Endress, PK Matthews, ML Stevens, PF Mathews, S Davis, CC AF Xi, Zhenxiang Ruhfel, Brad R. Schaefer, Hanno Amorim, Andre M. Sugumaran, M. Wurdack, Kenneth J. Endress, Peter K. Matthews, Merran L. Stevens, Peter F. Mathews, Sarah Davis, Charles C. TI Phylogenomics and a posteriori data partitioning resolve the Cretaceous angiosperm radiation Malpighiales SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES; GENOME SEQUENCES; INCOMPLETE TAXA; DATA SETS; GENES; DIVERSIFICATION; TREE; CLASSIFICATION; INFERENCE; ACCURACY AB The angiosperm order Malpighiales includes similar to 16,000 species and constitutes up to 40% of the understory tree diversity in tropical rain forests. Despite remarkable progress in angiosperm systematics during the last 20 y, relationships within Malpighiales remain poorly resolved, possibly owing to its rapid rise during the mid-Cretaceous. Using phylogenomic approaches, including analyses of 82 plastid genes from 58 species, we identified 12 additional clades in Malpighiales and substantially increased resolution along the backbone. This greatly improved phylogeny revealed a dynamic history of shifts in net diversification rates across Malpighiales, with bursts of diversification noted in the Barbados cherries(Malpighiaceae), cocas (Erythroxylaceae), and passion flowers (Passifloraceae). We found that commonly used a priori approaches for partitioning concatenated data in maximum likelihood analyses, by gene or by codon position, performed poorly relative to the use of partitions identified a posteriori using a Bayesian mixture model. We also found better branch support in trees inferred from a taxon-rich, data-sparse matrix, which deeply sampled only the phylogenetically critical placeholders, than in trees inferred from a taxon-sparse matrix with little missing data. Although this matrix has more missing data, our a posteriori partitioning strategy reduced the possibility of producing multiple distinct but equally optimal topologies and increased phylogenetic decisiveness, compared with the strategy of partitioning by gene. These approaches are likely to help improve phylogenetic resolution in other poorly resolved major clades of angiosperms and to be more broadly useful in studies across the Tree of Life. C1 [Xi, Zhenxiang; Ruhfel, Brad R.; Schaefer, Hanno; Davis, Charles C.] Harvard Univ Herbaria, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ruhfel, Brad R.] Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. [Schaefer, Hanno] Tech Univ Munich, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Amorim, Andre M.] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-45662900 Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil. [Sugumaran, M.] Univ Malaya, Inst Biol Sci, Rimba Ilmu Bot Garden, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. [Wurdack, Kenneth J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Endress, Peter K.; Matthews, Merran L.] Univ Zurich, Inst Systemat Bot, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. [Stevens, Peter F.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Mathews, S (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Arnold Arboretum, Boston, MA 02131 USA. EM smathews@oeb.harvard.edu; cdavis@oeb.harvard.edu RI MANICKAM, SUGUMARAN/B-5268-2010; Mathews, Sarah/A-6513-2015 OI Mathews, Sarah/0000-0002-5518-7541 FU Brazil Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico [563548/10-0]; Swiss National Science Foundation [129804]; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0622764, DEB-1120243]; NSF [OISE-0936076] FX We thank D. Barua, J. Beaulieu, M. Clements, R. Cronn, M. Ethier, D. Goldman, M. Guisinger-Bellian, R. Jansen, M. Kent, M. McMahon, A. Meade, M. Moore, M. Sanderson, A. Stamatakis, and members of the C. C. D. and S. M. laboratories for technical assistance. This work was supported by Brazil Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico Grant 563548/10-0 (to A. M. A.), Swiss National Science Foundation Grant 129804 (to P. K. E.), US National Science Foundation (NSF) Assembling the Tree of Life Grants DEB-0622764 and DEB-1120243 (to C. C. D.), and NSF Doctoral Dissertation Enhancement Project Grant OISE-0936076 (to C. C. D. and B.R.R.). NR 42 TC 89 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 77 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 23 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 43 BP 17519 EP 17524 DI 10.1073/pnas.1205818109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 038AO UT WOS:000311147800046 PM 23045684 ER PT J AU Tallant, J Rittenhouse, ST Booth, D Sadeghpour, HR Shaffer, JP AF Tallant, J. Rittenhouse, S. T. Booth, D. Sadeghpour, H. R. Shaffer, J. P. TI Observation of Blueshifted Ultralong-Range Cs-2 Rydberg Molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SHAPE RESONANCES; STATES; SCATTERING; COLLISIONS AB We observe ultralong-range blueshifted Cs-2 molecular states near ns(1/2) Rydberg states in an optical dipole trap, where 31 <= n <= 34. The accidental near degeneracy of (n - 4)l and ns Rydberg states for l > 2 in Cs, due to the small fractional ns quantum defect, leads to nonadiabatic coupling among these states, producing potential wells above the ns thresholds. Two important consequences of admixing high angular momentum states with ns states are the formation of large permanent dipole moments, similar to 15-100 Debye, and accessibility of these states via two-photon association. The observed states are in excellent agreement with theory. C1 [Tallant, J.; Booth, D.; Shaffer, J. P.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Rittenhouse, S. T.; Sadeghpour, H. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Tallant, J (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, 440 W Brooks St, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM hsadeghpour@cfa.harvard.edu; shaffer@nhn.ou.edu FU NSF [PHY-0855324, PHY-1205392]; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory FX The authors thank C. H. Greene, T. Pfau, and L. Marcassa for helpful discussions. H. R. S. and S. T. R. acknowledge support through an NSF grant to ITAMP at Harvard University and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. The experiment was supported by the NSF (PHY-0855324 and PHY-1205392). NR 16 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 17 AR 173202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.173202 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 025OK UT WOS:000310200100007 PM 23215184 ER PT J AU Ganswindt, A Brown, JL Freeman, EW Kouba, AJ Penfold, LM Santymire, RM Vick, MM Wielebnowski, N Willis, EL Milnes, MR AF Ganswindt, Andre Brown, Janine L. Freeman, Elizabeth W. Kouba, Andrew J. Penfold, Linda M. Santymire, Rachel M. Vick, Mandi M. Wielebnowski, Nadja Willis, Erin L. Milnes, Matthew R. TI International Society for Wildlife Endocrinology: the future of endocrine measures for reproductive science, animal welfare and conservation biology SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material DE non-invasive hormone monitoring; behavioural endocrinology; environmental endocrinology; conservation endocrinology; reproductive hormones; stress hormones ID MAMMALS; STRESS; BIRDS AB Hormone analysis is a precise and widely accepted tool for monitoring reproductive function and responses to stressors. Although hormones are present and can be measured in various biological matrices, non-invasive methods have gained popularity over the past 30 years as a more practical approach for assessing ovarian, testicular and, more recently, adrenocortical activity in intractable wildlife species. Noninvasive hormone monitoring also has been key to understanding biological mechanisms related to observed behaviours of captive and free-ranging animals. Despite the increasing popularity of this research field, wildlife endocrinologists have not had a specific forum for sharing and discussing their latest findings, technical developments and common challenges. To provide such a communication platform, the International Society for Wildlife Endocrinology (ISWE) was established in 2010, followed by an international meeting held on 3-4 November 2011 at the Toronto Zoo, Canada. Over several sessions, keynote speakers and participants discussed recent developments of new and innovative methods for hormone monitoring, as well as the latest advances in basic endocrinology as applied to adrenal function, reproductive physiology, animal health, ecology and evolution. Here, we introduce ISWE to the scientific community and discuss how this new society will serve as a resource for wildlife endocrinologists worldwide. C1 [Ganswindt, Andre] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Ganswindt, Andre] Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Prod Anim Studies, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Brown, Janine L.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA USA. [Freeman, Elizabeth W.] George Mason Univ, New Century Coll, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Kouba, Andrew J.; Willis, Erin L.] Memphis Zool Soc, Dept Conservat & Res, Memphis, TN USA. [Penfold, Linda M.] SEZARC White Oak Conservat Ctr, Yulee, FL USA. [Santymire, Rachel M.] Lincoln Pk Zoo, Dept Conservat & Sci, Chicago, IL USA. [Vick, Mandi M.] Cleveland Metropk Zoo, Cleveland, OH USA. [Milnes, Matthew R.] Mars Hill Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Mars Hill, NC USA. [Wielebnowski, Nadja] Chicago Zool Soc, Chicago, IL USA. RP Ganswindt, A (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. EM aganswindt@zoology.up.ac.za RI Ganswindt, Andre/G-9856-2014 OI Ganswindt, Andre/0000-0002-1474-7602 NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 53 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 2012 VL 8 IS 5 BP 695 EP 697 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2011.1181 PG 3 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 005ZP UT WOS:000308789200003 PM 22219389 ER PT J AU Lee, QQ Oh, J Kralj-Fiser, S Kuntner, M Li, DQ AF Lee, Qi Qi Oh, Joelyn Kralj-Fiser, Simona Kuntner, Matjaz Li, Daiqin TI Emasculation: gloves-off strategy enhances eunuch spider endurance SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE genital mutilation; sexual cannibalism; Nephilengys malabarensis; orb-web spider; endurance ID ARANEAE; NEPHILIDAE; FIGHTERS; MONOGYNY; ORGAN AB Males of sexually cannibalistic spiders commonly mutilate parts of their paired genitals (palps) during copulation, which may result in complete emasculation or the 'eunuch phenomenon'. In an orb-web nephilid spider, Nephilengys malabarensis, about 75 per cent of males fall victim to sexual cannibalism, and the surviving males become half-eunuchs (one palp emasculated) or full-eunuchs (both palps emasculated). While it has been shown that surviving eunuchs are better fighters compared with intact males when guarding the females with which they have mated, mechanisms behind eunuchs' superior fighting abilities are unknown. The previously proposed 'gloves-off ' hypothesis, attributing eunuchs' enhanced locomotor endurance to the reduction in total body weight caused by genital mutilation, is plausible but has remained untested. Here, we tested the gloves-off hypothesis in N. malabarensis by comparing the time until exhaustion (i.e. endurance) of intact males with half- and full-eunuchs created experimentally. We found that by reducing body weight up to 4 per cent in half-eunuchs and 9 per cent in full-eunuchs through emasculation, endurance increases significantly in half-eunuchs (32%) and particularly strongly in full-eunuchs (80%). Our results corroborate the gloves-off hypothesis and further point towards the adaptive significance of male emasculation. C1 [Lee, Qi Qi; Oh, Joelyn; Li, Daiqin] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Singapore, Singapore. [Kuntner, Matjaz; Li, Daiqin] Hubei Univ, Coll Life Sci, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Kralj-Fiser, Simona; Kuntner, Matjaz] Slovenian Acad Sci & Arts, Ctr Sci Res, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Kuntner, Matjaz] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Li, DQ (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Singapore, Singapore. EM dbslidq@nus.edu.sg RI Li, Daiqin/D-6922-2013 OI Li, Daiqin/0000-0001-8269-7734 FU Ministry of Education (MOE) Academic Research Fund (AcRF) [R-154-000435-112]; Slovenian Research Agency [J1-2063, 1000-10-720023]; Raffles Museum for Biodiversity Research Fellowship; National University of Singapore; Humboldt Return Fellowship; NParks [NP/RP10-036] FX The research was supported by the Ministry of Education (MOE) Academic Research Fund (AcRF) (R-154-000435-112) to D.L., by the Slovenian Research Agency (J1-2063 and 1000-10-720023) and the Raffles Museum for Biodiversity Research Fellowship, National University of Singapore to M.K. and by Humboldt Return Fellowship to S.K.F. We thank Poh Moi Goh, Diego P. Araujo, Seok Ping Goh, Jun Hao Tang, Shichang Zhang, Mindy Tuan, Ganison s/o Rajamohan and Matjaz Gregoric for their support and help. Spiders were collected under research permit (NP/RP10-036) granted by the NParks. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 2012 VL 8 IS 5 BP 733 EP 735 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2012.0285 PG 3 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 005ZP UT WOS:000308789200013 PM 22696287 ER PT J AU Fox-Dobbs, K Nelson, AA Koch, PL Leonard, JA AF Fox-Dobbs, Kena Nelson, Abigail A. Koch, Paul L. Leonard, Jennifer A. TI Faunal isotope records reveal trophic and nutrient dynamics in twentieth century Yellowstone grasslands SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE stable isotope; Yellowstone; Canis lupus; grasslands; historic ID NATIONAL-PARK; CANIS-LUPUS; TREE-RINGS; GRAY WOLF; NITROGEN; UNGULATE; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY; CARBON; PLANTS AB Population sizes and movement patterns of ungulate grazers and their predators have fluctuated dramatically over the past few centuries, largely owing to overharvesting, land-use change and historic management. We used delta C-13 and delta N-15 values measured from bone collagen of historic and recent gray wolves and their potential primary prey from Yellowstone National Park to gain insight into the trophic dynamics and nutrient conditions of historic and modern grasslands. The diet of reintroduced wolves closely parallels that of the historic population. We suggest that a significant shift in faunal delta N-15 values over the past century reflects impacts of anthropogenic environmental changes on grassland ecosystems, including grazer-mediated shifts in grassland nitrogen cycle processes. C1 [Fox-Dobbs, Kena] Univ Puget Sound, Dept Geol, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. [Fox-Dobbs, Kena; Nelson, Abigail A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Fox-Dobbs, Kena; Leonard, Jennifer A.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Nelson, Abigail A.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, Livingston, MT 59047 USA. [Koch, Paul L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Leonard, Jennifer A.] CSIC, EBD, Conservat & Evolutionary Genet Grp, Seville 41092, Spain. RP Fox-Dobbs, K (reprint author), Univ Puget Sound, Dept Geol, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. EM kena@pugetsound.edu RI CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011; Leonard, Jennifer/A-7894-2010 OI CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; Leonard, Jennifer/0000-0003-0291-7819 FU National Science Foundation [OPP 0352634] FX We thank the National Museum of Natural History and Yellowstone National Park for providing access to specimens. This project was supported by the National Science Foundation (OPP 0352634). Logistical support was provided by the Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 41 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 2012 VL 8 IS 5 BP 838 EP 841 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2012.0321 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 005ZP UT WOS:000308789200041 PM 22675135 ER PT J AU Hughey, MC McCoy, MW Vonesh, JR Warkentin, KM AF Hughey, Myra C. McCoy, Michael W. Vonesh, James R. Warkentin, Karen M. TI Spatial contagion drives colonization and recruitment of frogflies on clutches of red-eyed treefrogs SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE reward contagion; associational susceptibility; Megaselia; Agalychnis ID IDEAL FREE DISTRIBUTION; ASSOCIATIONAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; HABITAT SELECTION; PREDATION AB Spatial contagion occurs when the perceived suitability of neighbouring habitat patches is not independent. As a result, organisms may colonize less-preferred patches near preferred patches and avoid preferred patches near non-preferred patches. Spatial contagion may thus alter colonization dynamics as well as the type and frequency of post-colonization interactions. Studies have only recently documented the phenomenon of spatial contagion and begun to examine its consequences for local recruitment. Here, we test for spatial contagion in the colonization of arboreal egg clutches of red-eyed treefrogs by a frogfly and examine the consequences of contagion for fly recruitment. In laboratory choice experiments, flies oviposit almost exclusively on clutches containing dead frog eggs. In nature, however, flies often colonize intact clutches without dead eggs. Consistent with predictions of contagion-induced oviposition, we found that flies more frequently colonize intact clutches near damaged clutches and rarely colonize intact clutches near other intact clutches. Moreover, contagion appears to benefit flies. Flies survived equally well and suffered less parasitism on clutches lacking dead eggs. This study demonstrates how reward contagion can influence colonization dynamics and suggests that colonization patterns caused by contagion may have important population- and community-level consequences. C1 [Hughey, Myra C.; McCoy, Michael W.; Warkentin, Karen M.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Hughey, Myra C.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [McCoy, Michael W.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Vonesh, James R.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Warkentin, Karen M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Hughey, MC (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Biol, 5 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM myrahughey@gmail.com RI Vonesh, James/I-1573-2013 OI Vonesh, James/0000-0003-2481-9988 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0716923, DEB-0717220, DEB-0910270]; Animal Behavior Society Research Grant; Rubenstein Fellowship from Encyclopedia of Life; Boston University FX We thank the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute for logistical support, J. Touchon, D. Morris and anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions, and B. Brown and P. Hanson for insect identification. The study was funded by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0716923, DEB-0717220, DEB-0910270), an Animal Behavior Society Research Grant, a Rubenstein Fellowship from Encyclopedia of Life, and Boston University. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 2012 VL 8 IS 5 BP 887 EP 889 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2012.0468 PG 3 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 005ZP UT WOS:000308789200054 PM 22832129 ER PT J AU Chang, GQ Li, CH Phillips, DF Szentgyorgyi, A Walsworth, RL Kartner, FX AF Chang, Guoqing Li, Chih-Hao Phillips, David F. Szentgyorgyi, Andrew Walsworth, Ronald L. Kaertner, Franz X. TI Optimization of filtering schemes for broadband astro-combs SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LASER FREQUENCY COMBS; ASTRONOMICAL SPECTROGRAPHS; FIBER LASER; CM S(-1); CALIBRATION; PRECISION; GHZ; DISPERSION; PULSE AB To realize a broadband, large-line-spacing astro-comb, suitable for wavelength calibration of astrophysical spectrographs, from a narrowband, femtosecond laser frequency comb ("source-comb"), one must integrate the source-comb with three additional components: (1) one or more filter cavities to multiply the source-comb's repetition rate and thus line spacing; (2) power amplifiers to boost the power of pulses from the filtered comb; and (3) highly nonlinear optical fiber to spectrally broaden the filtered and amplified narrowband frequency comb. In this paper we analyze the interplay of Fabry-Perot (FP) filter cavities with power amplifiers and nonlinear broadening fiber in the design of astro-combs optimized for radial-velocity (RV) calibration accuracy. We present analytic and numeric models and use them to evaluate a variety of FP filtering schemes (labeled as identical, co-prime, fraction-prime, and conjugate cavities), coupled to chirped-pulse amplification (CPA). We find that even a small nonlinear phase can reduce suppression of filtered comb lines, and increase RV error for spectrograph calibration. In general, filtering with two cavities prior to the CPA fiber amplifier outperforms an amplifier placed between the two cavities. In particular, filtering with conjugate cavities is able to provide <1 cm/s RV calibration error with >300 nm wavelength coverage. Such superior performance will facilitate the search for and characterization of Earth-like exoplanets, which requires <10 cm/s RV calibration error. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Chang, Guoqing; Kaertner, Franz X.] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chang, Guoqing; Kaertner, Franz X.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chang, Guoqing; Kaertner, Franz X.] Univ Hamburg, DESY Ctr Free Electron Laser Sci, Hamburg, Germany. [Chang, Guoqing; Kaertner, Franz X.] Univ Hamburg, Dept Phys, Hamburg, Germany. [Li, Chih-Hao; Phillips, David F.; Szentgyorgyi, Andrew; Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Chang, GQ (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM guoqing@mit.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX10AE68G, NNX09AC92G]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [AST-0905592, AST-1006507]; Center for Free-Electron Laser Science FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through grants NNX10AE68G, NNX09AC92G and by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through grants AST-0905592 and AST-1006507 and the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science. The authors thank Damian N. Schimpf for helpful discussion. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 22 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 22 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 22 BP 24987 EP 25013 DI 10.1364/OE.20.024987 PG 27 WC Optics SC Optics GA 028SS UT WOS:000310443400092 PM 23187265 ER PT J AU Kirrander, A AF Kirrander, Adam TI X-ray diffraction assisted spectroscopy of Rydberg states SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE angular momentum; electronic structure; hydrogen neutral atoms; quantum theory; Rydberg states; xenon; X-ray diffraction ID QUANTUM-DEFECT THEORY; ELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; ORIENTED MOLECULES; ATOMS; ATTENUATION; TABULATION; LASER; GAS AB X-ray diffraction combined with conventional spectroscopy could provide a powerful means to characterize electronically excited atoms and molecules. We demonstrate theoretically how x-ray diffraction from laser excited atoms can be used to determine electronic structure, including angular momentum composition, principal quantum numbers, and channel populations. A theoretical formalism appropriate for highly excited atoms, and easily extended to molecules, is presented together with numerical results for Xe and H atoms. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4757913] C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kirrander, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM adam.kirrander@gmail.com FU European Union; National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory FX The author gratefully acknowledges helpful discussions with Christian Jungen, Niels E. Henriksen, Peter M. Weber, Stephen T. Pratt, and staff and postdoc's at ITAMP, in particular Mikhail Lemeshko. This work was supported by the European Union by grant COCOSPEC (FP7-IEF) and the National Science Foundation through a grant for the Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics at Harvard University and Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. The author is grateful for the hospitality of the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences in Cape Town during early stages of this work. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 21 PY 2012 VL 137 IS 15 AR 154310 DI 10.1063/1.4757913 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 026TX UT WOS:000310307100029 PM 23083168 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Raymond, JC AF Lee, Jin-Yi Raymond, John C. TI LOW IONIZATION STATE PLASMA IN CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: UV radiation ID IONIC CHARGE STATES; SOLAR-WIND; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTRA; INTERPLANETARY; DENSITY; SPECTROMETER; TRANSIENT; EMISSION; FLARES AB The Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory often observes low ionization state coronal mass ejection (CME) plasma at ultraviolet wavelengths. The CME plasmas are often detected in O VI (3 x 10(5) K), C III (8 x 10(4) K), Ly alpha, and Ly beta, with the low ionization plasma confined to bright filaments or blobs that appear in small segments of the UVCS slit. On the other hand, in situ observations by the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer on board Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) have shown mostly high ionization state plasmas in the magnetic clouds in interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) events, while low ionization states are rarely seen. In this analysis, we investigate whether the low ionization state CME plasmas observed by UVCS occupy small enough fractions of the CME to be consistent with the small fraction of ACE ICMEs that show low ionization plasma, or whether the CME plasma must be further ionized after passing the UVCS slit. To do this, we determine the covering factors of low ionization state plasma for 10 CME events. We find that the low ionization state plasmas in CMEs observed by UVCS show average covering factors below 10%. This indicates that the lack of low ionization state ICME plasmas observed by the ACE results from a small probability that the spacecraft passes through a region of low ionization plasma. We also find that the low ionization state plasma covering factors in faster CMEs are smaller than in slower CMEs. C1 [Lee, Jin-Yi] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Yongin 446701, Gyeonggi, South Korea. [Raymond, John C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lee, JY (reprint author), Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Yongin 446701, Gyeonggi, South Korea. FU NASA [NNM07AA02C, NNX09AB17G]; Korea Meteorological Administration/National Meteorological Satellite Center; Korea Research Foundation [KRF20100014501] FX This work was supported by NASA grants NNM07AA02C and NNX09AB17G to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, the Korea Meteorological Administration/National Meteorological Satellite Center, and the Korea Research Foundation (KRF20100014501). The CME catalog is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. CHIANTI is a collaborative project involving the following Universities: Cambridge (UK), George Mason and Michigan (USA). NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2012 VL 758 IS 2 AR 116 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/758/2/116 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030HO UT WOS:000310562000045 ER PT J AU Levesque, EM Chornock, R Soderberg, AM Berger, E Lunnan, R AF Levesque, Emily M. Chornock, Ryan Soderberg, Alicia M. Berger, Edo Lunnan, Ragnhild TI HOST GALAXY PROPERTIES OF THE SUBLUMINOUS GRB 120422A/SN 2012bz SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: abundances; gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB 120422A) ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; MASS-METALLICITY RELATION; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; 100316D/SN 2010BH; NEARBY LONG; CLASSIFICATION; PROGENITORS; ENVIRONMENT; ULTRAVIOLET AB GRB 120422A is a nearby (z = 0.283) long-duration gamma-ray burst (LGRB) detected by Swift with E-gamma,E-iso similar to 4.5 x 10(49) erg. It is also associated with the spectroscopically confirmed broad-lined Type Ic SN 2012bz. These properties establish GRB 120422A/SN 2012bz as the sixth and newest member of the class of subluminous GRBs supernovae (SNe). Observations also show that GRB 120422A/SN 2012bz occurred at an unusually large offset (similar to 8 kpc) from the host galaxy nucleus, setting it apart from other nearby LGRBs and leading to speculation that the host environment may have undergone prior interaction activity. Here, we present spectroscopic observations using the 6.5 m Magellan telescope at Las Campanas. We extract spectra at three specific locations within the GRB/SN host galaxy, including the host nucleus, the explosion site, and the "bridge" of diffuse emission connecting these two regions. We measure a metallicity of log(O/H) + 12 = 8.3 +/- 0.1 and a star formation rate (SFR) per unit area of 0.08 M-circle dot yr(-1) kpc(-2) at the host nucleus. At the GRB/SN explosion site we measure a comparable metallicity of log(O/H) + 12 = 8.2 +/- 0.1 but find a much lower SFR per unit area of 0.01M(circle dot) yr(-1) kpc(-2). We also compare the host galaxy of this event to the hosts of other LGRBs, including samples of subluminous LGRBs and cosmological LGRBs, and find no systematic metallicity difference between the environments of these different subtypes. C1 [Levesque, Emily M.] Univ Colorado 389 UCB, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chornock, Ryan; Soderberg, Alicia M.; Berger, Edo; Lunnan, Ragnhild] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Levesque, EM (reprint author), Univ Colorado 389 UCB, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Emily.Levesque@colorado.edu OI Lunnan, Ragnhild/0000-0001-9454-4639 FU NASA through Chandra X-Ray Center [PF0-110075]; NASA [NAS8-03060]; National Science Foundation [AST-1107973, 1066293]; Swift AO7 [7100117]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science FX E.M.L. is supported by NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship grant number PF0-110075 awarded by the Chandra X-Ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for NASA under contract NAS8-03060. The Berger GRB group at Harvard is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant AST-1107973. Partial support was also provided by a Swift AO7 grant number 7100117. The paper includes data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile. We thank the support staff at Las Campanas for their hospitality and assistance. This paper utilized data from the Gamma-Ray Burst Coordinates Network (GCN) circulars and SDSS Data Release 8. Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS-III Web site is http://www.sdss3.org/. This work was made possible in part by collaborations and discussions at the Aspen Center for Physics, supported by NSF grant 1066293. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2012 VL 758 IS 2 AR 92 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/758/2/92 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030HO UT WOS:000310562000021 ER PT J AU Mingo, B Hardcastle, MJ Croston, JH Evans, DA Kharb, P Kraft, RP Lenc, E AF Mingo, B. Hardcastle, M. J. Croston, J. H. Evans, D. A. Kharb, P. Kraft, R. P. Lenc, E. TI SHOCKS, SEYFERTS, AND THE SUPERNOVA REMNANT CONNECTION: A CHANDRA OBSERVATION OF THE CIRCINUS GALAXY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (Circinus); galaxies: jets; galaxies: Seyfert; shock waves; X-rays: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; MULTIPHASE GASEOUS HALOS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; IONIZED-GAS; BOW SHOCK; H I; EMISSION AB We analyze new Chandra observations of the nearest (D = 4 Mpc) Seyfert 2 active galaxy, Circinus, and match them to pre-existing radio, infrared, and optical data to study the kpc-scale emission. The proximity of Circinus allows us to observe in striking detail the structure of the radio lobes, revealing for the first time edge-brightened emission in both X-rays and radio. After considering various other possible scenarios, we show that this extended emission in Circinus is most likely caused by a jet-driven outflow, which is driving shells of strongly shocked gas into the halo of the host galaxy. In this context, we estimate Mach numbers M similar to 2.7-3.6 and M similar to 2.8-5.3 for the W and E shells, respectively. We derive temperatures of 0.74(-0.05)(+0.06) keV and 0.8-1.8 keV for the W and E shells and an expansion velocity of similar to 900-950 km s(-1). We estimate that the total energy (thermal and kinetic) involved in creating both shells is similar to 2 x 10(55) erg, and their age is similar to 10(6) yr. Comparing these results with those we previously obtained for Centaurus A, NGC 3801, and Mrk 6, we show that these parameters scale approximately with the radio power of the parent active galactic nucleus (AGN). The spatial coincidence between the X-ray and edge-brightened radio emission in Circinus resembles the morphology of some supernova remnant shocks. This parallel has been expected for AGNs but has never been observed before. We investigate what underlying mechanisms both types of systems may have in common, arguing that, in Circinus, the edge-brightening in the shells may be accounted for by a B field enhancement caused by shock compression but do not preclude some local particle acceleration. These results can be extrapolated to other low-power systems, particularly those with late-type hosts. C1 [Mingo, B.; Hardcastle, M. J.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Croston, J. H.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1SJ, Hants, England. [Evans, D. A.; Kraft, R. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kharb, P.; Lenc, E.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Lenc, E.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Mingo, B (reprint author), Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Coll Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. OI Lenc, Emil/0000-0002-9994-1593; Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117 FU University of Hertfordshire; South-East Physics Network (SEPNet) FX B.M. thanks the University of Hertfordshire for a PhD studentship. J.H.C. acknowledges support from the South-East Physics Network (SEPNet). This work has made use of new data from Chandra and software provided by the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC) in the application package CIAO. The authors thank Marc Elmouttie for providing his original radio maps, Bi-Qing For for providing the H alpha maps and preliminary Spitzer results on the SFR, and the students from the ATNF Summer school (2009) for making available ATCA data obtained through their summer project. This paper includes archived data obtained through the Australia Telescope Online Archive (http://atoa.atnf.csiro.au). We thank the anonymous referee for the useful comments. NR 71 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2012 VL 758 IS 2 AR 95 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/758/2/95 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030HO UT WOS:000310562000024 ER PT J AU Orosz, JA Welsh, WF Carter, JA Brugamyer, E Buchhave, LA Cochran, WD Endl, M Ford, EB MacQueen, P Short, DR Torres, G Windmiller, G Agol, E Barclay, T Caldwell, DA Clarke, BD Doyle, LR Fabrycky, DC Geary, JC Haghighipour, N Holman, MJ Ibrahim, KA Jenkins, JM Kinemuchi, K Li, J Lissauer, JJ Prsa, A Ragozzine, D Shporer, A Still, M Wade, RA AF Orosz, Jerome A. Welsh, William F. Carter, Joshua A. Brugamyer, Erik Buchhave, Lars A. Cochran, William D. Endl, Michael Ford, Eric B. MacQueen, Phillip Short, Donald R. Torres, Guillermo Windmiller, Gur Agol, Eric Barclay, Thomas Caldwell, Douglas A. Clarke, Bruce D. Doyle, Laurance R. Fabrycky, Daniel C. Geary, John C. Haghighipour, Nader Holman, Matthew J. Ibrahim, Khadeejah A. Jenkins, Jon M. Kinemuchi, Karen Li, Jie Lissauer, Jack J. Prsa, Andrej Ragozzine, Darin Shporer, Avi Still, Martin Wade, Richard A. TI THE NEPTUNE-SIZED CIRCUMBINARY PLANET KEPLER-38b SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: eclipsing; planets and satellites: detection; planets and satellites: fundamental parameters; planets and satellites: individual (Kepler-38b); stars: fundamental parameters ID LOW-MASS STARS; CLOSE BINARY-SYSTEMS; ECLIPSING BINARIES; INITIAL CHARACTERISTICS; HIERARCHICAL TRIPLE; TIDAL EVOLUTION; LIGHT CURVES; CADENCE DATA; DATA RELEASE; ORBITS AB We discuss the discovery and characterization of the circumbinary planet Kepler-38b. The stellar binary is single-lined, with a period of 18.8 days, and consists of a moderately evolved main-sequence star (M-A = 0.949+/-0.059 M-circle dot and R-A = 1.757+/-0.034 R-circle dot) paired with a low-mass star (M-B = 0.249+/-0.010 M-circle dot and R-B = 0.2724+/-0.0053 R-circle dot) in a mildly eccentric (e = 0.103) orbit. A total of eight transits due to a circumbinary planet crossing the primary star were identified in the Kepler light curve (using Kepler Quarters 1-11), from which a planetary period of 105.595+/-0.053 days can be established. A photometric dynamical model fit to the radial velocity curve and Kepler light curve yields a planetary radius of 4.35+/-0.11 R-circle plus, or equivalently 1.12+/-0.03 R-Nep. Since the planet is not sufficiently massive to observably alter the orbit of the binary from Keplerian motion, we can only place an upper limit on the mass of the planet of 122 M-circle dot(7.11 M-Nep or equivalently 0.384 M-Jup) at 95% confidence. This upper limit should decrease as more Kepler data become available. C1 [Orosz, Jerome A.; Welsh, William F.; Short, Donald R.; Windmiller, Gur] San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Carter, Joshua A.; Torres, Guillermo; Geary, John C.; Holman, Matthew J.; Ragozzine, Darin] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Brugamyer, Erik; Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; MacQueen, Phillip] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Buchhave, Lars A.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Buchhave, Lars A.] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr Star & Planet Format, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Ford, Eric B.; Ragozzine, Darin] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Bryant Space Sci Ctr 211, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Agol, Eric] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Barclay, Thomas; Kinemuchi, Karen; Still, Martin] Bay Area Environm Res Inst Inc, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. [Caldwell, Douglas A.; Clarke, Bruce D.; Doyle, Laurance R.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Li, Jie] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Fabrycky, Daniel C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Haghighipour, Nader] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Haghighipour, Nader] Univ Hawaii Manoa, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ibrahim, Khadeejah A.] NASA, Orbital Sci Corp, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Prsa, Andrej] Villanova Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Shporer, Avi] Global Telescope Network, Las Cumbres Observ, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. [Shporer, Avi] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Shporer, Avi] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wade, Richard A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Orosz, JA (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RI Carter, Joshua/A-8280-2013; Agol, Eric/B-8775-2013; Ragozzine, Darin/C-4926-2013; Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014; OI Agol, Eric/0000-0002-0802-9145; Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616; Buchhave, Lars A./0000-0003-1605-5666; /0000-0001-6545-639X; Barclay, Thomas/0000-0001-7139-2724; Fabrycky, Daniel/0000-0003-3750-0183 FU NASA, Science Mission Directorate; NASA [NNX12AD23G]; National Science Foundation [AST-1109928, AST-0908642, AST-0645416, AST-1007992] FX Kepler was selected as the 10th mission of the Discovery Program. Funding for this mission is provided by NASA, Science Mission Directorate. J.A.O. and W. F. W. acknowledge support from the Kepler Participating Scientist Program via NASA Grant NNX12AD23G. Support was also provided by the National Science Foundation via grants AST-1109928 to J.A.O., W.F.W., and G.W., AST-0908642 to R. W., AST-0645416 to E. A., and AST-1007992 to G.T. NR 53 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2012 VL 758 IS 2 AR 87 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/758/2/87 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030HO UT WOS:000310562000016 ER PT J AU Pellegrini, S Wang, JF Fabbiano, G Kim, DW Brassington, NJ Gallagher, JS Trinchieri, G Zezas, A AF Pellegrini, Silvia Wang, Junfeng Fabbiano, Giuseppina Kim, Dong-Woo Brassington, Nicola J. Gallagher, John S. Trinchieri, Ginevra Zezas, Andreas TI AGN ACTIVITY AND THE MISALIGNED HOT ISM IN THE COMPACT RADIO ELLIPTICAL NGC 4278 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, CD; galaxies: individual: NGC 4278; galaxies: nuclei; X-rays: galaxies; X-rays: ISM ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; X-RAY-EMISSION; RADIATIVELY INEFFICIENT ACCRETION; OBSERVATORY SUPERNOVA SEARCH; GALACTIC NUCLEUS FEEDBACK; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; SAURON PROJECT; LENTICULAR GALAXIES; DEEP CHANDRA; NEARBY GALAXIES AB The analysis of a deep (579 ks) Chandra ACIS pointing of the elliptical galaxy NGC 4278, which hosts a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (AGN) and compact radio emission, allowed us to detect extended emission from hot gas out to a radius of similar to 5 kpc, with 0.5-8 keV luminosity of 2.4 x 10(39) erg s(-1). The emission is elongated in the NE-SW direction, misaligned with respect to the stellar body, and aligned with the ionized gas and with the Spitzer IRAC 8 mu m non-stellar emission. The nuclear X-ray luminosity decreased by a factor of similar to 18 since the first Chandra observation in 2005, a dimming that enabled the detection of hot gas even at the position of the nucleus. The gas shows a significantly larger temperature (kT = 0.75 keV) in both the projected and deprojected profiles in the inner similar to 300 pc than in the surrounding region, where it stays at similar to 0.3 keV, a value lower than expected from standard gas heating assumptions. The nuclear X-ray emission is consistent with that of a low radiative efficiency accretion flow, accreting mass at a rate close to the Bondi rate; estimates of the power of the nuclear jets require that the accretion rate is not largely reduced with respect to the Bondi rate. Among possible origins for the central large hot gas temperature, such as gravitational heating from the central massive black hole and a recent AGN outburst, interaction with the nuclear jets seems more likely, especially if the latter remain confined, and heat the nuclear region frequently. The unusual hot gas distribution on the galactic scale could be due to the accreting cold gas triggering the cooling of the hot phase, a process also contributing to the observed line emission from ionized gas, and to the hot gas temperature being lower than expected; alternatively, the latter could be due to the efficiency of the Type Ia supernova heating that is lower than usually adopted. C1 [Pellegrini, Silvia] Univ Bologna, Dept Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Wang, Junfeng; Fabbiano, Giuseppina; Kim, Dong-Woo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Brassington, Nicola J.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Gallagher, John S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Trinchieri, Ginevra] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-20121 Milan, Italy. [Zezas, Andreas] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion, Greece. RP Pellegrini, S (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Astron, Via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011; OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Trinchieri, Ginevra/0000-0002-0227-502X FU National Science Foundation [1066293]; Chandra GO Grant [GO0-11102X]; NASA [NAS8-39073]; ASI-INAF [I/009/10/0] FX We thank L. Ciotti, G. Giovannini, and R. Sancisi for useful discussions, and M. Sarzi for kindly providing data and the ionized gas images used for Figure 4. We thank the Aspen Center for Physics for hospitality and for providing a forum for discussion; this research has been partially supported by the National Science Foundation under grant No. 1066293. Partial financial support by the Chandra GO Grant GO0-11102X (PI: Fabbiano) and NASA Contract NAS8-39073 (CXC), and from the ASI-INAF Grant I/009/10/0 (G. T. and S. P.) is also acknowledged. The data analysis was supported by the CXC CIAO software and CALDB. We have used the NASA NED and ADS facilities and have extracted archival data from the Chandra archives. NR 122 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2012 VL 758 IS 2 AR 94 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/758/2/94 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030HO UT WOS:000310562000023 ER PT J AU Rangelov, B Chandar, R Prestwich, A Whitmore, BC AF Rangelov, Blagoy Chandar, Rupali Prestwich, Andrea Whitmore, Bradley C. TI X-RAY BINARIES AND STAR CLUSTERS IN THE ANTENNAE: OPTICAL CLUSTER COUNTERPARTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (The Antennae); galaxies: star clusters: general; stars: evolution; X-rays: binaries ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; GALAXIES NGC 4038/4039; PHOTOMETRIC PERFORMANCE; POPULATION SYNTHESIS; ADVANCED CAMERA; FIELD STARS; YOUNG; MULTIWAVELENGTH; NGC-4038/4039; CALIBRATION AB We compare the locations of 82 X-ray binaries (XRBs) detected in the merging Antennae galaxies by Zezas et al., based on observations taken with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, with a catalog of optically selected star clusters presented by Whitmore et al., based on observations taken with the Hubble Space Telescope. Within the 2 sigma positional uncertainty of approximate to 0.'' 8, we find 22 XRBs are coincident with star clusters, where only two to three chance coincidences are expected. The ages of the clusters were estimated by comparing their UBVI, H alpha colors with predictions from stellar evolutionary models. We find that 14 of the 22 coincident XRBs (64%) are hosted by star clusters with ages of approximate to 6 Myr or less. All of the very young host clusters are fairly massive and have M greater than or similar to 3 x 10(4) M-circle dot, with many having masses M approximate to 10(5) M-circle dot. Five of the XRBs are hosted by young clusters with ages tau approximate to 10-100 Myr, while three are hosted by intermediate-age clusters with tau approximate to 100-300 Myr. Based on the results from recent N-body simulations, which suggest that black holes are far more likely to be retained within their parent clusters than neutron stars, we suggest that our sample consists primarily of black hole binaries with different ages. C1 [Rangelov, Blagoy; Chandar, Rupali] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Prestwich, Andrea] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Whitmore, Bradley C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Rangelov, B (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM blagoy.rangelov@gmail.com FU NASA [NAS8-39073, AR8-9010] FX We thank the referee, Dr. Stephen Eikenberry, whose careful reading and helpful suggestions significantly improved our manuscript. We also thank Dr. Joseph Converse for helpful discussions on star cluster dynamics. This work was supported by NASA contract NAS8-39073 (CXC) and NASA AR8-9010. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2012 VL 758 IS 2 AR 99 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/758/2/99 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030HO UT WOS:000310562000028 ER PT J AU Sanders, NE Soderberg, AM Levesque, EM Foley, RJ Chornock, R Milisavljevic, D Margutti, R Berger, E Drout, MR Czekala, I Dittmann, JA AF Sanders, N. E. Soderberg, A. M. Levesque, E. M. Foley, R. J. Chornock, R. Milisavljevic, D. Margutti, R. Berger, E. Drout, M. R. Czekala, I. Dittmann, J. A. TI A SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF TYPE Ibc SUPERNOVA HOST GALAXIES FROM UNTARGETED SURVEYS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: abundances; supernovae: general; surveys ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; GAMMA-RAY BURST; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; MASS-METALLICITY RELATION; STRIPPED-ENVELOPE SUPERNOVAE; 25 APRIL 1998; H-II REGIONS; WOLF-RAYET; PROGENITOR STARS AB We present the first spectroscopic study of the host environments of Type Ibc supernovae (SNe Ibc) discovered exclusively by untargeted SN searches. Past studies of SN Ibc host environments have been biased toward high-mass, high-metallicity galaxies by focusing on SNe discovered in galaxy-targeted SN searches. Our new observations more than double the total number of spectroscopic stellar population age and metallicity measurements published for untargeted SN Ibc host environments. For the 12 SNe Ib and 21 SNe Ic in our metallicity sample, we find median metallicities of 0.62 Z(circle dot) and 0.83 Z(circle dot), respectively, but determine that the discrepancy in the full distribution of metallicities is not statistically significant. This median difference would correspond to only a small difference in the mass loss via metal-line-driven winds (less than or similar to 30%), suggesting this does not play the dominant role in distinguishing SNe Ib and Ic progenitors. However, the median metallicity of the seven broad-lined SNe Ic (SNe Ic-BL) in our sample is significantly lower, 0.45 Z(circle dot). The age of the young stellar population of SN Ic-BL host environments also seems to be lower than for SNe Ib and Ic, but our age sample is small. Combining all SN Ibc host environment spectroscopy from the literature to date does not reveal a significant difference in SN Ib and Ic metallicities, but reinforces the significance of the lower metallicities for SNe Ic-BL. This combined sample demonstrates that galaxy-targeted SN searches introduce a significant bias for studies seeking to infer the metallicity distribution of SN progenitors, and we identify and discuss other systematic effects that play smaller roles. We discuss the path forward for making progress on SN Ibc progenitor studies in the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope era. This paper includes data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile. C1 [Sanders, N. E.; Soderberg, A. M.; Foley, R. J.; Chornock, R.; Milisavljevic, D.; Margutti, R.; Berger, E.; Drout, M. R.; Czekala, I.; Dittmann, J. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Levesque, E. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sanders, NE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM nsanders@cfa.harvard.edu OI Czekala, Ian/0000-0002-1483-8811 FU National Science Foundation; NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship by the Chandra X-ray Center [PF0-110075, NAS8-03060]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX We thank D. Eisenstein, W. Fong, A. Gal-Yam, P. Kelly, B. Kirshner, M. Modjaz, R. Narayan, and P. Podsiadlowski for helpful conversations. We are grateful to I. Arcavi, S. Blondin, A. Drake, A. Gal-Yam, G. Leloudas, M. Stritzinger, R. Thomas, and S. Valenti for their help in refining supernova spectral classifications. We thank the staffs of the MMT, Las Campanas, and Gemini observatories for their excellent support. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through Graduate Research Fellowships provided to I.C., M.R.D., and N.E.S; E.M.L. is supported by NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship grant number PF0-110075 awarded by the Chandra X-ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for NASA under contract NAS8-03060; and support for this work was provided by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellowship for Science and Engineering awarded to A.M.S. NR 161 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2012 VL 758 IS 2 AR 132 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/758/2/132 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030HO UT WOS:000310562000061 ER PT J AU Sanders, NE Caldwell, N McDowell, J Harding, P AF Sanders, Nathan E. Caldwell, Nelson McDowell, Jonathan Harding, Paul TI THE METALLICITY PROFILE OF M31 FROM SPECTROSCOPY OF HUNDREDS OF H II REGIONS AND PNe SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: abundances; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: individual (M 31); H II regions; planetary nebulae: general ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; OXYGEN ABUNDANCE DETERMINATION; DWARF IRREGULAR GALAXIES; FIBER-FED SPECTROGRAPH; SUPER-NOVA REMNANTS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; HII-REGIONS; CHEMICAL ABUNDANCES; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM AB The oxygen abundance gradients among nebular emission line regions in spiral galaxies have been used as important constraints for models of chemical evolution. We present the largest-ever full-wavelength optical spectroscopic sample of emission line nebulae in a spiral galaxy (M31). We have collected spectra of 253 H II regions and 407 planetary nebulae (PNe) with the Hectospec multi-fiber spectrograph of the MMT. We measure the line-of-sight extinction for 199 H II regions and 333 PNe; we derive oxygen abundance directly, based on the electron temperature, for 51 PNe; and we use strong-line methods to estimate oxygen abundance for 192 H II regions and nitrogen abundance for 52 H II regions. The relatively shallow oxygen abundance gradient of the more extended H II regions in our sample is generally in agreement with the result of Zaritsky et al., based on only 19 M31 H II regions, but varies with the strong-line diagnostic employed. Our large sample size demonstrates that there is significant intrinsic scatter around this abundance gradient, as much as similar to 3 times the systematic uncertainty in the strong-line diagnostics. The intrinsic scatter is similar in the nitrogen abundances, although the gradient is significantly steeper. On small scales (deprojected distance < 0.5 kpc), H II regions exhibit local variations in oxygen abundance that are larger than 0.3 dex in 33% of neighboring pairs. We do not identify a significant oxygen abundance gradient among PNe, but we do find a significant gradient in the [N II] ratio that varies systematically with surface brightness. Our results underscore the complex and inhomogeneous nature of the interstellar medium of M31, and our data set illustrates systematic effects relevant to future studies of the metallicity gradients in nearby spiral galaxies. C1 [Sanders, Nathan E.; Caldwell, Nelson; McDowell, Jonathan] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Harding, Paul] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Sanders, NE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM nsanders@cfa.harvard.edu FU National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU); Department of Defense [0754568]; Smithsonian Institution FX The authors thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments and Jack Baldwin, Pauline Barmby, Richard Henry, Christine Jones, Emily Levesque, Marie Machacek, Phil Massey, John Raymond, Ricardo Schiavon, Evan Skillman, and Jay Strader for their insights. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through a Graduate Research Fellowship provided to NES. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) and Department of Defense Awards to Stimulate and Support Undergraduate Research Experiences (ASSURE) programs under grant No. 0754568 and by the Smithsonian Institution. NR 84 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2012 VL 758 IS 2 AR 133 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/758/2/133 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030HO UT WOS:000310562000062 ER PT J AU Sobolewska, MA Siemiginowska, A Migliori, G Stawarz, L Jamrozy, M Evans, D Cheung, CC AF Sobolewska, M. A. Siemiginowska, Aneta Migliori, G. Stawarz, L. Jamrozy, M. Evans, D. Cheung, C. C. TI NUCLEAR X-RAY PROPERTIES OF THE PECULIAR RADIO-LOUD HIDDEN AGN 4C+29.30 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; galaxies: active; galaxies: individual (4C+29.30); X-rays: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BLACK-HOLE BINARIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; XMM-NEWTON; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; IRON LINES; SUZAKU VIEW; VARIABILITY PROPERTIES; DUSTY TORI; REFLECTION AB We present results from a study of nuclear emission from a nearby radio galaxy, 4C+29.30, over a broad 0.5-200 keV X-ray band. This study used new XMM-Newton (similar to 17 ks) and Chandra (similar to 300 ks) data, and archival Swift/BAT data from the 58 month catalog. The hard (>2 keV) X-ray spectrum of 4C+29.30 can be decomposed into an intrinsic hard power law (Gamma similar to 1.56) modified by a cold absorber with an intrinsic column density N-H,N- z similar to 5 x 10(23) cm(-2), and its reflection (vertical bar Omega/2 pi vertical bar similar to 0.3) from a neutral matter including a narrow iron K alpha emission line at a rest-frame energy similar to 6.4 keV. The reflected component is less absorbed than the intrinsic one with an upper limit on the absorbing column of N-H, z(refl) < 2.5 x 10(22) cm(-2). The X-ray spectrum varied between the XMM-Newton and Chandra observations. We show that a scenario invoking variations of the normalization of the power law is favored over a model with variable intrinsic column density. X-rays in the 0.5-2 keV band are dominated by diffuse emission modeled with a thermal bremsstrahlung component with temperature similar to 0.7 keV, and contain only a marginal contribution from the scattered power-law component. We hypothesize that 4C+29.30 belongs to a class of "hidden" active galactic nuclei containing a geometrically thick torus. However, unlike the majority of hidden AGNs, 4C+29.30 is radio-loud. Correlations between the scattering fraction and Eddington luminosity ratio, and between black hole mass and stellar velocity dispersion, imply that 4C+29.30 hosts a black hole with similar to 10(8) M-circle dot mass. C1 [Sobolewska, M. A.; Siemiginowska, Aneta; Migliori, G.; Evans, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stawarz, L.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Stawarz, L.; Jamrozy, M.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sobolewska, MA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM msobolewska@cfa.harvard.edu RI Jamrozy, Marek/F-4507-2015 FU Polish MNiSW [N203-380336, 3812/B/H03/2009/36]; NASA DPR [S-15633-Y]; NASA [NAS8-39073]; Chandra grants [GO0-11133X, GO1-12145X]; XMM-Newton grant [NNX08AX35G] FX We thank the anonymous referee for careful reading of our manuscript and comments that led to its improvement. L. S. is grateful for the support from Polish MNiSW through the grant No. N203-380336. M.J. was supported by Polish MNiSW funds for scientific research in years 2009-2012 under the Contract No. 3812/B/H03/2009/36. Work at NRL (C. C. C.) is sponsored by NASA DPR S-15633-Y. This research has made use of data obtained with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory and Chandra X-Ray Center (CXC) in the application packages CIAO, ChIPS, and Sherpa. This research is funded in part by NASA contract NAS8-39073. Partial support for this work was provided by the Chandra grants, GO0-11133X and GO1-12145X, and XMM-Newton grant NNX08AX35G. NR 74 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2012 VL 758 IS 2 AR 90 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/758/2/90 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030HO UT WOS:000310562000019 ER EF