FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Alon, I AF Alon, Ilan BA Alon, I BF Alon, I TI An Athlete's Foot Master Franchisee in China SO FRANCHISING GLOBALLY: INNOVATION, LEARNING AND IMITATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alon, Ilan] Rollins Coll, China Ctr Rollins Coll, Winter Pk, FL USA. [Alon, Ilan] Int Franchise Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Alon, Ilan] Acad Int Business, E Lansing, MI USA. [Alon, Ilan] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Alon, I (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Kennedy Sch, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28985-7 PY 2010 BP 224 EP 237 D2 10.1057/9780230289857 PG 14 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BVU13 UT WOS:000292759600014 ER PT J AU Alon, I AF Alon, Ilan BA Alon, I BF Alon, I TI Final Reflections SO FRANCHISING GLOBALLY: INNOVATION, LEARNING AND IMITATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTERNATIONALIZATION; NETWORKS C1 [Alon, Ilan] Rollins Coll, China Ctr Rollins Coll, Winter Pk, FL USA. [Alon, Ilan] Int Franchise Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Alon, Ilan] Acad Int Business, E Lansing, MI USA. [Alon, Ilan] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Alon, I (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Kennedy Sch, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28985-7 PY 2010 BP 238 EP 246 D2 10.1057/9780230289857 PG 9 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BVU13 UT WOS:000292759600015 ER PT S AU Kresina, TF Pick, B AF Kresina, Thomas F. Pick, Billy BE AttaUrRahman, FRS Choudhary, MI TI Global Availability and Utilization of Medication Assisted Treatment of Drug Abuse and Dependence: An Update SO FRONTIERS IN CNS DRUG DISCOVERY, VOL 1 SE Frontiers in CNS Drug Discovery LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Phaimacotherapy; addiction; methadone; buprenorphine; naltrexone; opioid dependence; alcoholism ID METHADONE-MAINTENANCE TREATMENT; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; RELAPSE PREVENTION; ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE; BUPRENORPHINE; USERS; NALTREXONE AB Clinical trials and clinical studies, using patented drugs and drugs off patent, provide data that impact the best treatment practices for substance abuse and dependence. In the United States, medications have been approved for use in the treatment of both alcohol and opioid dependence. Medications used in the detoxification from drug abuse and dependence provide symptomatic relief of drug and alcohol withdrawal. For long term treatment or medical maintenance treatment, medications eliminate the physiological effects of drug use by blocking drug-receptor binding in the brain. Patented drugs remain an important source of candidate pharmacotherapies comprising medication assistant treatment, part of a comprehensive treatment plan for drug dependence that addresses the medical, social, and psychological needs of the patient. Therefore, patented drugs characterized by demonstrable interactions with neurotransmitters in the brain, are attractive candidates for treatment efficacy trials. An effective long term treatment paradigm for reducing drug dependence is the concomitant use of medications that block the effects of drug use with behavior change counseling and psychotherapy. Medications which have demonstrated effectiveness for the long term treatment of opioid dependence are methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone. Pharmacotherapies used in the treatment of alcohol dependence include acamprosate, antabuse and naltrexone. A reliable indicator for successful treatment of drug dependence is time in treatment. Patients remain in treatment for longer periods of time when they perceive that their health care environment is supportive and non -stigmatizing, with a good patient -provider relationship, and where they feel that their needs are identified and met. Additional medications may be needed for individual comprehensive substance abuse treatment plans, particularly for individuals who abuse stimulants or have co-occurring mental health disorders. Adapting a comprehensive drug treatment paradigm globally requires identifying and testing new drug candidates while building and changing programs to become more patient centered, adapting to local socio-cultural conditions to promote access to care and treatment and integrating medical, psychological, and social services. C1 [Kresina, Thomas F.] Substance Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Ctr Subst Abuse Treatment, Div Pharmacol Therapies, Rockville, MD USA. [Pick, Billy] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Kresina, TF (reprint author), Substance Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Ctr Subst Abuse Treatment, Div Pharmacol Therapies, Rockville, MD USA. EM tkresina@samhsa.gov NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL PI BUSUM PA PO BOX 294, BUSUM, 1400 AG, NETHERLANDS SN 1879-6613 BN 978-1-60805-159-5; 978-1-60805-363-6 J9 FRONT CNS DRUG DISC PY 2010 VL 1 BP 625 EP 637 DI 10.2174/978160805159511001010625 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BE2XD UT WOS:000370170000031 ER PT S AU Nassar, H El-Saharty, S AF Nassar, Heba El-Saharty, Sameh BE Preker, AS Zweifel, P Schellekens, OP TI Egypt SO GLOBAL MARKETPLACE FOR PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE: STRENGTH IN NUMBERS SE Health Nutrition and Population Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB With its significant progress in health status, the Arab Republic of Egypt has caught up with other economically comparable countries. Demand for health services will continue to grow, however, due to Egypt's demographic and health transitions and other challenges confronting the health system. Health expenditure has been outpacing economic growth and is therefore unsustainable, given the modest medium-term economic growth projections. Social health insurance coverage is inequitable, covering less than half the population, and the health spending burden on households has increased. Public expenditures on health are inefficient, as exemplified by the sector's fragmented organization, low bed occupancy rate, and lack of performance-based payments to public providers. The voluntary health insurance (VHI) market is underdeveloped, covering only 5 percent of the population, and is concentrated (96 percent) in the hands of professional syndicates. This chapter examines the impact of voluntary health insurance on financial protection, consumption smoothing, access to health care, and labor market productivity; and the determinants of enrolment with VHI. According to the econometric analysis presented in this chapter, the authors find VHI could increase workers' financial protection and that people might not object to sharing in its cost for better quality health services and access to them. C1 [Nassar, Heba] Cairo Univ, Fac Econ, Dept Econ, Cairo, Egypt. [Nassar, Heba] Cairo Univ, Fac Econ & Polit Sci FEPS, Cairo, Egypt. [Nassar, Heba] Amer Univ Cairo, Social Res Ctr, Cairo, Egypt. [El-Saharty, Sameh] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Nassar, H (reprint author), Cairo Univ, Fac Econ, Dept Econ, Cairo, Egypt. EM hebanas@aucegypt.edu; selsaharty@worldbank.org NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA SN 1683-0091 BN 978-0-8213-7677-5 J9 HLTH NUTR POPUL SER PY 2010 BP 163 EP 188 D2 10.1596/978-0-8213-7507-5 PG 26 WC Business, Finance; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA BBD61 UT WOS:000306573700007 ER PT B AU Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE AF Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Rosenfeld, Paul E. BA Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE BF Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE TI Wood-preserving chemicals SO HANDBOOK OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CLEANER PRODUCTION, VOL 2: BEST PRACTICES IN THE WOOD AND PAPER INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHROMATOGRAPHY; COMPONENTS; CREOSOTES C1 [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Cheremisinoff, NP (reprint author), World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-7833-5; 978-0-08-096446-1 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 26 PG 26 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BIB08 UT WOS:000327194200002 ER PT B AU Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE AF Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Rosenfeld, Paul E. BA Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE BF Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE TI Handbook of Pollution Prevention and Cleaner Production Volume 2 Best Practices in the Wood and Paper Industries Preface SO HANDBOOK OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CLEANER PRODUCTION, VOL 2: BEST PRACTICES IN THE WOOD AND PAPER INDUSTRIES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Cheremisinoff, NP (reprint author), World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-7833-5; 978-0-08-096446-1 PY 2010 BP XI EP XIV DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-096446-1.10011-5 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BIB08 UT WOS:000327194200001 ER PT B AU Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE AF Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Rosenfeld, Paul E. BA Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE BF Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE TI Wood-preserving technology SO HANDBOOK OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CLEANER PRODUCTION, VOL 2: BEST PRACTICES IN THE WOOD AND PAPER INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Cheremisinoff, NP (reprint author), World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-7833-5; 978-0-08-096446-1 PY 2010 BP 27 EP 41 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-096446-1.10002-4 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BIB08 UT WOS:000327194200003 ER PT B AU Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE AF Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Rosenfeld, Paul E. BA Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE BF Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE TI Pollution and pollution controls SO HANDBOOK OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CLEANER PRODUCTION, VOL 2: BEST PRACTICES IN THE WOOD AND PAPER INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CREOSOTE C1 [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Cheremisinoff, NP (reprint author), World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-7833-5; 978-0-08-096446-1 PY 2010 BP 43 EP 81 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-096446-1.10003-6 PG 39 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BIB08 UT WOS:000327194200004 ER PT B AU Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE AF Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Rosenfeld, Paul E. BA Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE BF Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE TI Air pollution from wood treatment SO HANDBOOK OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CLEANER PRODUCTION, VOL 2: BEST PRACTICES IN THE WOOD AND PAPER INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; TREATED WOOD; COMBUSTION C1 [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Cheremisinoff, NP (reprint author), World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-7833-5; 978-0-08-096446-1 PY 2010 BP 83 EP 134 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-096446-1.10004-8 PG 52 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BIB08 UT WOS:000327194200005 ER PT B AU Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE AF Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Rosenfeld, Paul E. BA Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE BF Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE TI Pollution prevention and best practices for the wood-preserving industry SO HANDBOOK OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CLEANER PRODUCTION, VOL 2: BEST PRACTICES IN THE WOOD AND PAPER INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Cheremisinoff, NP (reprint author), World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-7833-5; 978-0-08-096446-1 PY 2010 BP 135 EP 178 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-096446-1.10005-X PG 44 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BIB08 UT WOS:000327194200006 ER PT B AU Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE AF Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Rosenfeld, Paul E. BA Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE BF Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE TI Sources of air emissions from pulp and paper mills SO HANDBOOK OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CLEANER PRODUCTION, VOL 2: BEST PRACTICES IN THE WOOD AND PAPER INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; ACUTE TOXICITY; WORKERS; FORMALDEHYDE; RATS; INGESTION; TOLUENE; CHLORITE; BENZENE; CANCER C1 [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Cheremisinoff, NP (reprint author), World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. NR 110 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-7833-5; 978-0-08-096446-1 PY 2010 BP 179 EP 259 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-096446-1.10006-1 PG 81 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BIB08 UT WOS:000327194200007 ER PT B AU Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE AF Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Rosenfeld, Paul E. BA Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE BF Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE TI Pollution prevention and best practices for the pulp and paper industry SO HANDBOOK OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CLEANER PRODUCTION, VOL 2: BEST PRACTICES IN THE WOOD AND PAPER INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Cheremisinoff, NP (reprint author), World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-7833-5; 978-0-08-096446-1 PY 2010 BP 261 EP 291 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-096446-1.10007-3 PG 31 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BIB08 UT WOS:000327194200008 ER PT J AU Ameen, H Chapman, DW Al-Barwani, T AF Ameen, Hana Chapman, David W. Al-Barwani, Thuwayba BE Portnoi, LM Rust, VD Bagley, SS TI The Tension between Profit and Quality: Private Higher Education in Oman SO HIGHER EDUCATION, POLICY, AND THE GLOBAL COMPETITION PHENOMENON SE International and Development Education LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Chapman, David W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Educ Policy & Adm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Chapman, David W.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Chapman, David W.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Chapman, David W.] UNICEF, New York, NY USA. [Chapman, David W.] Asian Dev Bank, Manila, Philippines. [Chapman, David W.] InterAmer Dev Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Chapman, David W.] UNESCO, Paris, France. [Al-Barwani, Thuwayba] Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Educ, Muscat, Oman. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-10613-0 J9 INT DEV EDUC PY 2010 BP 87 EP 100 D2 10.1057/9780230106130 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BWV34 UT WOS:000295051300008 ER PT B AU Weinger, M Chartier, Y AF Weinger, Merri Chartier, Yves TI How to Integrate Water, Sanitation and Hygiene into HIV Programmes SO HOW TO INTEGRATE WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE INTO HIV PROGRAMMES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HOME-BASED CARE; DRINKING-WATER; SOUTH-AFRICA; SAFE WATER; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; WESTERN KENYA; DIARRHEA C1 [Weinger, Merri] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Chartier, Yves] WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Weinger, M (reprint author), USAID, Washington, DC USA. EM mweinger@usaid.gov; chartiery@who.int NR 125 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA PA DISTRIBUTION & SALES SERVICE, 1211 27 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND BN 978-92-4-154801-4 PY 2010 BP 1 EP + PG 107 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BRV98 UT WOS:000283767700001 ER PT J AU Shively, G Jagger, P Sserunkuuma, D Arinaitwe, A Chibwana, C AF Shively, G. Jagger, P. Sserunkuuma, D. Arinaitwe, A. Chibwana, C. TI Profits and margins along Uganda's charcoal value chain SO INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE forestry; marketing; sustainable forest management; supply chains ID FOREST MANAGEMENT; COMMODITY CHAIN; BENEFITS AB This paper characterizes the charcoal value chain in Uganda, focusing on production and trade in three districts in the west central region of the country. Data come from surveys of 407 charcoal value chain participants undertaken in 2008. The surveys included 171 charcoal-producing households and 236 non-producer participants including agents. traders, transporters and retailers. Linear regression models are used to study overall profits and per-unit marketing margins along the Value chain and to test several hypotheses regarding the importance of location, human and social capital, and asset ownership on observed economic returns and scale of activity. Evidence suggests the greatest overall returns to participation in the charcoal value chain arc found among traders. Returns are positively correlated with the scale of activity. Controlling for a participant's role in the charcoal trade, his or her characteristics, and available assets, we find little or no evidence of differences in economic returns among districts, despite widespread popular views of differences in available supply of charcoal. Location of production relative to major markets, and location-specific levels of monitoring and enforcement arc not strongly correlated with observed outcomes. C1 [Shively, G.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr Econ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Shively, G.] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Econ & Resource Management, As, Norway. [Jagger, P.; Sserunkuuma, D.; Arinaitwe, A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Policy, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Makerere Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Kampala, Uganda. USAID, Kampala, Uganda. [Chibwana, C.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Shively, G (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agr Econ, 403 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM shivelyg@purdue.edu OI Jagger, Pamela/0000-0001-7148-432X FU Bureau of Economic Growth, Agriculture and Trade; U.S. Agency for International Development FX Research reported in this paper was made possible, in part, through support provided by the Bureau of Economic Growth, Agriculture and Trade, U.S. Agency for International Development through the BASIS Assets and Market Access Collaborative Research Support Program. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring agency. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU COMMONWEALTH FORESTRY ASSOC PI CRAVEN ARRMS PA CRIB, DINCHOPE, CRAVEN ARRMS SY7 9JJ, SHROPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1465-5489 J9 INT FOREST REV JI Int. For. Rev. PY 2010 VL 12 IS 3 BP 270 EP 283 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 667QH UT WOS:000283208200009 ER PT J AU Waisbord, S Shimp, L Ogden, EW Morry, C AF Waisbord, Silvio Shimp, Lora Ogden, Ellyn W. Morry, Chris TI Communication for Polio Eradication: Improving the Quality of Communication Programming Through Real-Time Monitoring and Evaluation SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB Communication is a critical component in assuring that children are fully immunized and that simultaneous immunity is attained and maintained across large geographic areas for disease eradication and control initiatives. If service delivery is of good quality and outreach to the population is active, effective communicationthrough advocacy, social mobilization, and program communication (including behavior change activities and interpersonal communication)will assist in raising awareness, creating and sustaining demand, preventing or dispelling misinformation and doubts, encouraging acceptance of and participation in vaccination services, more rapid reporting of disease cases and outbreaks, and mobilizing financial resources to support immunization efforts. There is evidence of 12% to 20% or more increases in the absolute level of immunization coverage and 33% to 100% increases in relative coverage compared to baselines when communication is included as a key component of immunization strengthening. This article utilizes evidence from Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, and Nigeria to examine how the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has utilized monitoring and evaluation data to focus and improve the quality and impact of communication activities. C1 [Morry, Chris] Commun Initiat, Victoria, BC V8Y 2C4, Canada. [Waisbord, Silvio] George Washington Univ, Sch Media & Publ Affairs, Washington, DC USA. [Shimp, Lora] IMMUNIZATIONbasics Project John Snow Inc, Arlington, VA USA. [Ogden, Ellyn W.] USAID, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. RP Morry, C (reprint author), Commun Initiat, 5148 Polson Terrace, Victoria, BC V8Y 2C4, Canada. EM cmorry@comminit.com NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PY 2010 VL 15 SU 1 BP 9 EP 24 AR PII 922044515 DI 10.1080/10810731003695375 PG 16 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 594XL UT WOS:000277574400003 PM 20455164 ER PT S AU Furlows, J AF Furlows, John BE Troccoli, A TI COMMUNICATING INFORMATION FOR ENERGY AND DEVELOPMENT SO MANAGEMENT OF WEATHER AND CLIMATE RISK IN THE ENERGY INDUSTRY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Weather/Climate Risk Management for the Energy Sector CY OCT 06-10, 2008 CL Santa Maria di Leuca, ITALY SP NATO DE Energy; climate; climate change information development; adaptation; SERVIR; Climate Mapper AB Climate change presents current and long-term challenges to development. Agriculture employs up to 80% of the people in the developing world. Access to energy services is critical to economic development, but managing emissions is critical for limiting climate change impacts. Weather and climate are critical inputs for agriculture and renewable energy generation. The climate is changing, creating challenges in sectors vital to growth in developing countries. Climate variability and change already deter economic growth, and fundamental structural changes are required to achieve low-carbon economies that are resilient to a new climate regime. To ensure that development efforts are sustainable, climate change must be accounted for in key sectors. Hydrologic and meteorological information are scarce or hard to access in many developing countries, depriving planners of information they need to design resilient programs and projects. New web platforms can provide access to data and tools from organizations with global resources such as NASA and NOAA, as well as to information developed at local research centres tailored to local needs. Using the web to provide access to data and tools in developing countries can help overcome the information deficit that contributes to slow development. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Furlows, J (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jfurlow@usaid.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-90-481-3690-2 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SEC C PY 2010 BP 149 EP 163 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3692-6_10 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BOY26 UT WOS:000278024700010 ER PT J AU James, VU AF James, Valentine U. BA Ekekwe, N BF Ekekwe, N TI Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Global Diffusion, Economics and Policy Foreword SO NANOTECHNOLOGY AND MICROELECTRONICS: GLOBAL DIFFUSION, ECONOMICS AND POLICY LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [James, Valentine U.] Clarion Univ Pennsylvania, Clarion, PA 16214 USA. [James, Valentine U.] Fayetteville State Univ, Coll Humanities & Social Sci, Fayetteville, AR USA. [James, Valentine U.] Univ Louisiana, Lafayette, LA USA. [James, Valentine U.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [James, Valentine U.] So Univ Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [James, Valentine U.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP James, VU (reprint author), Clarion Univ Pennsylvania, Clarion, PA 16214 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IGI GLOBAL PI HERSEY PA 701 E CHOCOLATE AVE, STE 200, HERSEY, PA 17033-1240 USA BN 978-1-61692-007-4 PY 2010 BP XX EP XXII D2 10.4018/978-1-61692-006-7 PG 3 WC Economics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Political Science SC Business & Economics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Government & Law GA BUB63 UT WOS:000288746500002 ER PT J AU Peters, C Sprout, R Melzig, R AF Peters, Christina Sprout, Ron Melzig, Robyn TI Regional poverty disparity and economic performance in Central and Eastern Europe and Eurasia SO POST-COMMUNIST ECONOMIES LA English DT Article ID PANEL DATA; INEQUALITY; GROWTH AB While most of the inequality literature focuses on income inequalities by Gini coefficient, this article develops an alternative index that measures the extent of poverty disparities across geographical regions. In contrast to trends in income inequalities, there is little evidence that regional poverty disparities have peaked and are falling in Central and Eastern Europe and Eurasia. Using panel data for the transition countries, we find that high levels of regional poverty disparity have a positive impact on macroeconomic performance. Further evidence suggests this result may be driven by the positive effect of disparities on both saving and the pace of economic reforms. However, it appears that disparities are beneficial to progress on both economic and democratic reforms only for countries with per capita income levels above USD3000. C1 [Peters, Christina] Metropolitan State Coll Denver, Denver, CO USA. [Sprout, Ron; Melzig, Robyn] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Peters, C (reprint author), Metropolitan State Coll Denver, Denver, CO USA. EM cpeter80@mscd.edu NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1463-1377 J9 POST-COMMUNIST ECON JI Post-Communist Econ. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 3 BP 345 EP 365 AR PII 925485462 DI 10.1080/14631377.2010.498684 PG 21 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 636WF UT WOS:000280773700005 ER PT J AU Meenakshi, JV Johnson, NL Manyong, VM Degroote, H Javelosa, J Yanggen, DR Naher, F Gonzalez, C Garcia, J Meng, E AF Meenakshi, J. V. Johnson, Nancy L. Manyong, Victor M. Degroote, Hugo Javelosa, Josyline Yanggen, David R. Naher, Firdousi Gonzalez, Carolina Garcia, James Meng, Erika TI How Cost-Effective is Biofortification in Combating Micronutrient Malnutrition? An Ex ante Assessment SO WORLD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE biofortification; micronutrient malnutrition; cost-effectiveness; DALYs ID DEFICIENCY; IMPROVES; CHILDREN; INDIA; RICE AB Biofortification is increasingly seen as an additional tool to combat micronutrient malnutrition. This paper estimates the costs and potential benefits of biofortification of globally important staple food crops with provitainin A, iron, and zinc for twelve countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Using a modification of the Disability-Adjusted Life Years framework we conclude that overall, the intervention can make a significant impact on the burden of micronutrient deficiencies in the developing world in a highly cost-effective manner. Results differ by crop, micronutrient, and Country; and major reasons underlying these differences are identified to inform policy. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Meenakshi, J. V.] Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. [Johnson, Nancy L.] Int Livestock Res Inst ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya. [Manyong, Victor M.] Int Inst Trop Agr IITA, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Degroote, Hugo] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Nairobi, Kenya. [Yanggen, David R.] US Agcy Int Dev, Kinshasa, Zaire. [Naher, Firdousi] Univ Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Gonzalez, Carolina; Garcia, James] Int Ctr Trop Agr CIAT, Cali, Colombia. [Meng, Erika] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Meenakshi, JV (reprint author), Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. NR 20 TC 54 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-750X J9 WORLD DEV JI World Dev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 38 IS 1 BP 64 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.03.014 PG 12 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 530CV UT WOS:000272567400006 ER PT J AU Dutta, S Sullivan, JS Grady, KK Haynes, JD Komisar, J Batchelor, AH Soisson, L Diggs, CL Heppner, DG Lanar, DE Collins, WE Barnwell, JW AF Dutta, Sheetij Sullivan, JoAnn S. Grady, Katharine K. Haynes, J. David Komisar, Jack Batchelor, Adrian H. Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter L. Heppner, D. Gray Lanar, David E. Collins, William E. Barnwell, John W. TI High Antibody Titer against Apical Membrane Antigen-1 Is Required to Protect against Malaria in the Aotus Model SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INSTITUTE-OF-RESEARCH; BLOOD-STAGE MALARIA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; VACCINE CANDIDATE; MONKEYS; IMMUNOGENICITY; INVASION; SAFETY; AMA-1; CHILDREN AB A Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain Apical Membrane Antigen-1 (AMA1) vaccine, formulated with AS02A adjuvant, slowed parasite growth in a recent Phase 1/2a trial, however sterile protection was not observed. We tested this AS02A, and a Montanide ISA720 (ISA) formulation of 3D7 AMA1 in Aotus monkeys. The 3D7 parasite does not invade Aotus erythrocytes, hence two heterologous strains, FCH/4 and FVO, were used for challenge, FCH/4 AMA1 being more homologous to 3D7 than FVO AMA1. Following three vaccinations, the monkeys were challenged with 50,000 FCH/4 or 10,000 FVO parasites. Three of the six animals in the AMA+ISA group were protected against FCH/4 challenge. One monkey did not become parasitemic, another showed only a short period of low level parasitemia that self-cured, and a third animal showed a delay before exhibiting its parasitemic phase. This is the first protection shown in primates with a recombinant P. falciparum AMA1 without formulation in Freund's complete adjuvant. No animals in the AMA+AS02(A) group were protected, but this group exhibited a trend towards reduced growth rate. A second group of monkeys vaccinated with AMA+ISA vaccine was not protected against FVO challenge, suggesting strain-specificity of AMA1-based protection. Protection against FCH/4 strain correlated with the quantity of induced antibodies, as the protected animals were the only ones to have in vitro parasite growth inhibitory activity of > 70% at 1:10 serum dilution; immuno-fluorescence titers.8,000; ELISA titers against full-length AMA1 > 300,000 and ELISA titer against AMA1 domains1+2 > 100,000. A negative correlation between log ELISA titer and day 11 cumulative parasitemia (Spearman rank r = 20.780, p value = 0.0001), further confirmed the relationship between antibody titer and protection. High titers of cross-strain inhibitory antibodies against AMA1 are therefore critical to confer solid protection, and the Aotus model can be used to down-select future AMA1 formulations, prior to advanced human trials. C1 [Dutta, Sheetij; Batchelor, Adrian H.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Epitope Mapping, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Sullivan, JoAnn S.; Grady, Katharine K.; Collins, William E.; Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Haynes, J. David; Komisar, Jack; Heppner, D. Gray; Lanar, David E.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Malaria Vaccine Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Dutta, S (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Epitope Mapping, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM sheetij.dutta@us.army.mil; wzb3@cdc.gov RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 FU U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) FX Funding for this work was provided by U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Malaria Vaccine Development Program. Two of the authors on the paper, CLD and LS, are USAID representatives and were involved in the planning phase of this study. NR 37 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 3 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 12 AR e8138 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0008138 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 533MW UT WOS:000272829000002 PM 19997632 ER PT J AU Thippamom, N Kittikoon, P Thanawongnuwech, R Sreta, D Poovorawan, Y Suwannakarn, K Damrongwatanapokin, S Amonsin, A AF Thippamom, N. Kittikoon, P. Thanawongnuwech, R. Sreta, D. Poovorawan, Y. Suwannakarn, K. Damrongwatanapokin, S. Amonsin, A. TI Analysis of Nucleoprotein Gene of Influenza A Viruses Isolated from Human, Swine and Avian Species in Thailand SO THAI JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Meeting of the Asian-Society-of-Veterinary-Pathologists CY NOV 19-20, 2009 CL Chualongkorn Univ, Bangkok, THAILAND SP Asian Soc Vet Pathol HO Chualongkorn Univ DE avian; human; influenza A; nucleoprotein; swine C1 [Thippamom, N.; Kittikoon, P.; Thanawongnuwech, R.; Sreta, D.; Amonsin, A.] Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Vet Sci, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Poovorawan, Y.; Suwannakarn, K.] Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Med, Ctr Excellence Clin Virol, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Damrongwatanapokin, S.] USAID Reg Dev Mission Asia, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Amonsin, A (reprint author), Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Vet Sci, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. EM Alongkorn.A@chula.ac.th NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHULALONGKORN UNIV PI BANGKOK PA FAC VETERINARY SCI, HENRI DUNANT RD, BANGKOK, 10330, THAILAND SN 0125-6491 J9 THAI J VET MED JI Thai J. Vet. Med. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 39 IS 4 BP 424 EP 425 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 534TH UT WOS:000272919700051 ER PT J AU Baume, CA Reithinger, R Woldehanna, S AF Baume, Carol A. Reithinger, Richard Woldehanna, Sara TI Factors associated with use and non-use of mosquito nets owned in Oromia and Amhara Regional States, Ethiopia SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TREATED BED NETS; WESTERN KENYA; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; COVERAGE; CHILDREN; POSSESSION; NIGERIA; AFRICA; AREA AB Background: Many countries across sub-Saharan Africa are rapidly increasing insecticide-treated net (ITN) coverage to combat malaria, but systematic data on the use of those ITNs and the factors affecting this use are scarce. Methods: A household survey was conducted during malaria season in 23 communities of Amhara and Oromia Regional States, Ethiopia, stratified by degree of urbanization (rural, peri-urban, or urban), whether or not they received indoor residual spraying (IRS), and whether or not free nets had been distributed. Descriptive statistics as well as univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to describe household net ownership and identify factors associated with use or non-use of nets already in the household. A qualitative component consisting of observations of ITNs in households and several open-ended questions provided further understanding of the reasons for ITN use and non-use. Results: Of 857 surveyed households, 91% owned at least one ITN, but only 65% of ITNs owned had been used the prior night. The multivariate analysis found that the factors significantly associated with an ITN being used were regional state (Amhara) (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.61; 95% Confidence Interval [C. I.] 0.43-0.86]; p < 0.01), residing in a house sprayed with IRS (OR = 1.89; 95% C. I. 1.36-2.63; p < 0.001), age of ITN (< 12 months) (OR = 0.55; 95% C. I. 0.37-0.82; p < 0.01), shape (conical) (OR = 2.27; 95% C. I. 1.10-4.68; p < 0.05), and paying for the ITN rather than receiving it free (OR = 2.16; 95% C. I. 1.32-3.53; p < 0.01). The most common reasons for ITN non-use identified through the qualitative component of the study were: there are few mosquitoes around or malaria is not a serious problem; the ITN is no longer effective; ITN is in poor condition; the ITN is being saved. Observations showed many ITNs hanging incorrectly, and some being used for purposes other than as a bed net. Conclusion: The very high ITN ownership in the study areas suggests that a strategy targeting free nets to rural and poor households combined with support for the commercial sector is an effective means of achieving high coverage. The data suggests that use of ITNs owned could be increased by distribution of conical ITNs, continued development of the commercial sector, replacement schemes for worn-out ITNs, assistance with hanging of ITNs, and communication addressing misperceptions about ITNs. C1 [Baume, Carol A.] AED, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Reithinger, Richard] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Baume, CA (reprint author), AED, 1825 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20009 USA. EM cbaume@aed.org; rreithinger@yahoo.co.uk; swoldehanna@gmail.com FU U. S. Agency for International Development [HRN-A-00-99-00016-00] FX This work was carried out under the AED NetMark project supported by the U. S. Agency for International Development (Agreement HRN-A-00-99-00016-00). We especially thank Tegene Sewnet of the research team for his insight and extra assistance throughout the fieldwork and writing, and thank the rest research team --Birhanu Zeleke, Bereket Menna, Gizaw Asefa, Mengistu Kenea, Serawit Omer, and Rahel Dubiwak -for their diligent work. Shoa Girma provided invaluable logistical support. We thank Ana Claudia Franca-Koh and Patricia Graves for commenting on the manuscript. NR 25 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD NOV 23 PY 2009 VL 8 AR 264 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-8-264 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 534IP UT WOS:000272890100001 PM 19930654 ER PT J AU Hwang, J Graves, PM Reithinger, R Getachew, A Bilak, H Shargie, EB Ngondi, J Lungu, C Mosher, A Gebre, T Wolkon, A Tenaw, E Kachur, SP Jima, D AF Hwang, Jimee Graves, Patricia M. Reithinger, Richard Getachew, Asefaw Bilak, Hana Shargie, Estifanos Biru Ngondi, Jeremiah Lungu, Chris Mosher, Aryc Gebre, Teshome Wolkon, Adam Tenaw, Eskindir Kachur, S. Patrick Jima, Daddi TI MOTHER'S KNOWLEDGE OF MALARIA PREDICTS ITN USE AND FEVER TREATMENT IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS - MALARIA INDICATOR SURVEY, ETHIOPIA, 2007 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Hwang, Jimee; Wolkon, Adam; Kachur, S. Patrick] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Graves, Patricia M.; Mosher, Aryc] Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Reithinger, Richard] US Agcy Int Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Getachew, Asefaw; Bilak, Hana; Lungu, Chris] PATH, Seattle, WA USA. [Shargie, Estifanos Biru; Gebre, Teshome] Carter Ctr, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Ngondi, Jeremiah] Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England. [Tenaw, Eskindir] Cent Stat Agcy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Jima, Daddi] Minist Hlth, Dis Prevent & Control Dept, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RI Graves, Patricia/J-8691-2014 OI Graves, Patricia/0000-0002-5215-3901 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 538 BP 153 EP 153 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956700536 ER PT J AU Sedegah, M Kim, Y McGrath, S Ganeshan, H Lejano, J Abot, S Banania, G Belmonte, M Sayo, R Farooq, F Doolan, DL Peters, B Bruder, J King, CR Soissons, L Diggs, C Ockenhouse, CF Hollingdale, M Sette, A Richie, TL AF Sedegah, Martha Kim, Yohan McGrath, Shannon Ganeshan, Harini Lejano, Jennylynn Abot, Stephen Banania, Glena Belmonte, Maria Sayo, Renato Farooq, Fouzia Doolan, Denise L. Peters, Bjoern Bruder, Joseph King, Christopher R. Soissons, Lorraine Diggs, Carter Ockenhouse, Christian F. Hollingdale, Michael Sette, Alessandro Richie, Thomas L. TI IDENTIFICATION OF HLA RESTRICTED CD8+T-CELL EPITOPES ON THE PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM AMA1 PROTEIN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Sedegah, Martha; McGrath, Shannon; Ganeshan, Harini; Lejano, Jennylynn; Abot, Stephen; Banania, Glena; Belmonte, Maria; Sayo, Renato; Farooq, Fouzia; Ockenhouse, Christian F.; Hollingdale, Michael; Richie, Thomas L.] US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kim, Yohan; Peters, Bjoern; Sette, Alessandro] La Jolla Inst Allergy & Immunol, La Jolla, CA USA. [Doolan, Denise L.] Queensland Inst Med Res, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia. [Bruder, Joseph; King, Christopher R.] GenVec, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Soissons, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 743 BP 215 EP 215 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956701159 ER PT J AU Thera, MA Doumbo, OK Coulibaly, D Laurens, MB Kone, A Guindo, A Diallo, DA Traore, K Kouriba, B Diarra, I Dolo, A Niangaly, A Daou, M Sissoko, M Traore, D Lyke, KE Takala, S Godeaux, O Thonnard, J Cohen, J Lanar, D Diggs, C Soisson, L Heppner, DG Plowe, CV AF Thera, Mahamadou A. Doumbo, Ogobara K. Coulibaly, Drissa Laurens, Matthew B. Kone, Abdoulaye Guindo, Ando Diallo, Dapa A. Traore, Karim Kouriba, Bourema Diarra, Issa Dolo, Amagana Niangaly, Amadou Daou, Modibo Sissoko, Mady Traore, Drissa Lyke, Kirsten E. Takala, Shannon Godeaux, Olivier Thonnard, Joelle Cohen, Joe Lanar, David Diggs, Carter Soisson, Lorraine Heppner, Donald G. Plowe, Christopher V. TI RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED, PHASE 2B CLINICAL TRIAL TO EVALUATE THE SAFETY, IMMUNOGENICITY AND EFFICACY OF WRAIR'S AMA-1 MALARIA VACCINE (FMP2.1) ADJUVANTED IN GSK BIOLOGICALS' AS02A VS. RABIES VACCINE IN 1-6 YEAR OLD CHILDREN IN BANDIAGARA, MALI SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Thera, Mahamadou A.; Doumbo, Ogobara K.; Coulibaly, Drissa; Kone, Abdoulaye; Guindo, Ando; Diallo, Dapa A.; Traore, Karim; Kouriba, Bourema; Diarra, Issa; Dolo, Amagana; Niangaly, Amadou; Daou, Modibo; Sissoko, Mady; Traore, Drissa] Univ Bamako, MRTC DEAP FMPOS, Bamako, Mali. [Laurens, Matthew B.; Lyke, Kirsten E.; Takala, Shannon; Plowe, Christopher V.] Univ Maryland, CVD, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Godeaux, Olivier; Thonnard, Joelle; Cohen, Joe] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. [Lanar, David; Heppner, Donald G.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Diggs, Carter; Soisson, Lorraine] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 1074 BP 310 EP 310 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956701488 ER PT J AU Tamminga, C Sedegah, M Chuang, I Regis, D Epstein, JE Spring, M Mendoza-Silveiras, J Steinbeiss, V Fedders, C Reyes, S Parekh, F Williams, F Smith, K Maiolatesi, S Doolan, DL Limbach, K Patterson, NB Bruder, J King, CR Soisson, L Diggs, C Ockenhouse, C Richie, TL AF Tamminga, C. Sedegah, M. Chuang, I. Regis, D. Epstein, J. E. Spring, M. Mendoza-Silveiras, J. Steinbeiss, V. Fedders, C. Reyes, S. Parekh, F. Williams, F. Smith, K. Maiolatesi, S. Doolan, D. L. Limbach, K. Patterson, N. B. Bruder, J. King, C. R. Soisson, L. Diggs, C. Ockenhouse, C. Richie, T. L. TI SAFETY, TOLERABILITY, IMMUNOGENICITY AND PROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF AN ADENOVIRUS-VECTORED PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA VACCINE IN HEALTHY, MALARIA-NAIVE ADULTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Tamminga, C.; Sedegah, M.; Chuang, I.; Regis, D.; Epstein, J. E.; Spring, M.; Mendoza-Silveiras, J.; Steinbeiss, V.; Fedders, C.; Reyes, S.; Parekh, F.; Smith, K.; Maiolatesi, S.; Doolan, D. L.; Limbach, K.; Patterson, N. B.; Ockenhouse, C.; Richie, T. L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Williams, F.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Bruder, J.; King, C. R.] GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Soisson, L.; Diggs, C.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 1078 BP 311 EP 311 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956701492 ER PT J AU Gustavsen, K Hanson, C AF Gustavsen, Kenneth Hanson, Christy TI Progress In Public-Private Partnerships To Fight Neglected Diseases SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL DISEASES AB In the global fight against neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), public health partnerships involving donations of medicines by pharmaceutical companies are enabling access to treatment for millions of people worldwide. These partnerships collaborate with other disease programs and a range of key stakeholders to develop and improve programs to control and eliminate NTDs. Although progress is being made against NTDs, continued success depends on a policy environment that supports appropriate levels of engagement and collaboration from all participants. [Health Aff (Millwood). 2009;28(6):1745-49] C1 [Gustavsen, Kenneth] Merck & Co Inc, Corp Responsibil & Global Policy Support, Whitehouse Stn, NJ USA. [Hanson, Christy] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Gustavsen, K (reprint author), Merck & Co Inc, Corp Responsibil & Global Policy Support, Whitehouse Stn, NJ USA. EM ken_gustavsen@merck.com NR 10 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1745 EP 1749 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.28.6.1745 PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 517NR UT WOS:000271622300018 PM 19887415 ER PT J AU Muliyil, JP Bhan, MK Bhattacharya, SK Kant, L Arora, NK Santosham, M Cherian, T Dutta, A John, J Jafari, H Thacker, N Padmanaban Senthilmazhan, M Suresh, S Kapoor, AN Upadhaya, S Rao, K Abbas, S Agarwal, RK Gambhir, A Spanner, S Gupta, S Bahl, S Gera, R Numgyal, P Francis, P Lahariya, C Sharma, S Kumar, H Peterson, T AF Muliyil, J. P. Bhan, M. K. Bhattacharya, S. K. Kant, Lalit Arora, N. K. Santosham, M. Cherian, Thomas Dutta, Ashok John, Jacob Jafari, Hamid Thacker, Naveen Padmanaban Senthilmazhan, M. Suresh, Saradha Kapoor, Ambujam Nair Upadhaya, Sanjeev Rao, Krishna Abbas, Syed Agarwal, R. K. Gambhir, Ajay Spanner, Soren Gupta, Satish Bahl, Sunil Gera, Rajeev Numgyal, Pem Francis, Paul Lahariya, Chandrakant Sharma, Shamila Kumar, Harish Peterson, Tim CA Subcomm Introduction HIB Vaccine Natl Tech Advisory Grp Immunizatio TI NTAGI Subcommittee Recommendations on Haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib) Vaccine Introduction in India SO INDIAN PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE H. influenzae; Hib vaccine; India; Recommendations ID CONJUGATE VACCINE; ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION; HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN; INFANT VACCINATION; MENINGITIS; PNEUMONIA; DISEASE; CARRIAGE; PREVENTION; PROGRAM AB Background: WHO estimates that Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) caused over 8 million cases of serious disease,and 376,000 deaths globally in the year 2000. The introduction of Hib vaccines has essentially eliminated Hib disease in countries where they are routinely used. Now, almost all Hib disease cases and deaths occur in countries where Hib vaccines is not incorporated in the routine immunization program. Process: The Hib and Pneumococcal subcommittee of National Technical Advisory Group on Immunization (NTAGI) in India met in April 2008. This paper focuses on the discussions regarding Hib vaccine introduction; the pneumococcal vaccine discussion is being published separately. The subcommittee reviewed the available published and unpublished literature as well as consulted prominent Hib experts to make an informed decision regarding the introduction of Hib vaccine into the routine Universal Immunization Program (UIP) in India. Objectives: The meeting was conducted with the objectives of reviewing the existing Indian, regional and global data on Hib disease (meningitis and pneumonia), the data on safety and immunogenecity of Hib vaccines manufactured in India, as well as the programmatic and operational requirements for the introduction of Hib vaccine in India, with the goal of making a recommendation on the introduction of Hib vaccine into the UIP. Recommendations: The committee noted that Hib diseases burden is suffiently high in India to warrant prevention by vaccination. Hib vaccines have been demonstrated to be safe, both globally and in India, and extremely efficacious in all settings where they have been used. Hib vaccine fits into the UIP immunization schedule. Several Indian manufacturers are currently producing Hib vaccines, and a detailed analysis showed that supplier capacity would be sufficient to meet the present and future demand for India if given sufficient lead time to increase production. Recognizing that it is the poorest children that are most at risk, the Indian Academy of Pediatrics has already recommended this vaccine for routine use in India. This subcommittee strongly recommended that Hib vaccine should immediately be introduced in India's UIP. C1 [Muliyil, J. P.] CMC Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. [Santosham, M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cherian, Thomas] WHO HQ, Geneva, Switzerland. USAID, New Delhi, India. [Abbas, Syed] Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India. Indian Acad Pediat, Patna, Bihar, India. Indian Med Ass, New Delhi, India. UNICEF, New Delhi, India. NPSU, New Delhi, India. WHO SEARO, New Delhi, India. WHO, New Delhi, India. RP Kant, L (reprint author), Indian Council Med Res, Div ECD, New Delhi 110029, India. EM lalitkant@icmr.org.in RI Abbas, Syed/A-4806-2012 OI Abbas, Syed/0000-0003-1964-5303 FU Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR); INCLEN Trust FX Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) with part funding from INCLEN Trust. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INDIA PI NEW DELHI PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001, INDIA SN 0019-6061 EI 0974-7559 J9 INDIAN PEDIATR JI Indian Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2009 VL 46 IS 11 SI SI BP 945 EP 954 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 524GB UT WOS:000272130700003 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, James D. TI Concurrency driving the African HIV epidemics: where is the evidence? Author's reply SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID INFECTION C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM JShelton@USAID.GOV NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 24 PY 2009 VL 374 IS 9699 BP 1420 EP 1421 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 512MZ UT WOS:000271255000025 ER PT J AU Bukirwa, H Yau, V Kigozi, R Filler, S Ouick, L Lugemwa, M Dissanayake, G Kamya, M Wabwire-Mangen, F Dorsey, G AF Bukirwa, Hasifa Yau, Vincent Kigozi, Ruth Filler, Scott Ouick, Linda Lugemwa, Myers Dissanayake, Gunawardena Kamya, Moses Wabwire-Mangen, Fred Dorsey, Grant TI Short Report: Assessing the Impact of Indoor Residual Spraying on Malaria Morbidity Using a Sentinel Site Surveillance System in Western Uganda SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VECTOR CONTROL; SOUTH-AFRICA AB A single round of indoor residual spraying (IRS) using lambda-cyhalothrin was implemented in a district of Uganda with moderate transmission intensity in 2007. Individual patient data were collected from one health facility within the district 8 months before and 16 months after IRS. There was a consistent decrease in the proportion of patients diagnosed with clinical malaria after IRS for patients < 5 and > 5 years of age (52% versus 26%, P < 0.001 and 36%, versus 23%, P < 0.001, respectively). There was a large decrease in the proportion of positive blood smears in the first 4 months after IRS for patients < 5 (47% versus 14%, P < 0.001) and > 5 (26% versus 9%, P < 0.001) years of age, but this effect waned over the subsequent 12 months. IRS was effective in reducing malaria morbidity, but this was not sustained beyond 1 year for the proportion of blood smears read as positive. C1 [Bukirwa, Hasifa; Kigozi, Ruth] Infect Dis Res Collaborat, Uganda Malaria Surveillance Program, Kampala, Uganda. Uganda Malaria Surveillance Project, Kampala, Uganda. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Filler, Scott; Ouick, Linda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Uganda Minist Hlth, Natl Malaria Control Programme, Kampala, Uganda. [Dissanayake, Gunawardena] US Agcy Int Dev, US Miss Compound S Wing, Kampala, Uganda. [Kamya, Moses] Makerere Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Kampala, Uganda. [Wabwire-Mangen, Fred] Makerere Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Yau, Vincent] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lugemwa, Myers] Minist Hlth, Natl Malaria Control Programme, Kampala, Uganda. RP Bukirwa, H (reprint author), Infect Dis Res Collaborat, Uganda Malaria Surveillance Program, POB 7475, Kampala, Uganda. EM hbukirwa@muucsf.org; vincentmyau@gmail.com; rkigozi@muucsf.org; SFiller@cdc.gov; maq2@CDC.GOV; myers_1956@hotmail.com; gdissanayake@usaid.gov; mkamya@infocom.co.ug; fwabwire@musph.ac.ug; gdorsey@medsfgh.ucsf.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50/CCU925122] FX This study received financial support from the President's Malaria Initiative through a cooperative agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U50/CCU925122). NR 9 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 81 IS 4 BP 611 EP 614 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09-0126 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 502QC UT WOS:000270474000015 PM 19815875 ER PT J AU Sarriot, E Ricca, J Ryan, L Basnet, J Arscott-Mills, S AF Sarriot, Eric Ricca, Jim Ryan, Leo Basnet, Jagat Arscott-Mills, Sharon TI Measuring sustainability as a programming tool for health sector investments: report from a pilot sustainability assessment in five Nepalese health districts SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE development assistance; global health; health district planning; Nepal; sustainability ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; PROJECTS; AFRICA AB Sustainability is a critical determinant of scale and impact of health sector development assistance programs. Working with USAID/Nepal implementing partners, we adapted a sustainability assessment framework to help USAID test how an evaluation tool could inform its health portfolio management. The essential first process step was to define the boundaries of the local system being examined. This local system-the unit of analysis of the study-was defined as the health district. We developed a standardized set of assessment tools to measure 53 indicators. Data collection was carried out over 4 weeks by a Nepalese agency. Scaling and combining indicators into six component indices provided a map of progress toward sustainable maternal, child, health, and family planning results for the five districts included in this pilot study, ranked from "no sustainability" to "beginning of sustainability." We conclude that systematic application of the Sustainability Framework could improve the health sector investment decisions of development agencies. It could also give districts an information base on which to build autonomy and accountability. The ability to form and test hypotheses about the sustainability of outcomes under various funding Strategies-made possible by this approach-will be a prerequisite for more efficiently meeting the global health agenda. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Sarriot, Eric; Ricca, Jim; Ryan, Leo] Macro Int Inc, Calverton, MD USA. [Basnet, Jagat] New ERA, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Arscott-Mills, Sharon] US Agcy Int Dev, Kathmandu, Nepal. RP Sarriot, E (reprint author), Macro Int Inc, 11785 Beltsville Dr, Calverton, MD USA. EM ericsarriot@gmail.com RI Blanchet, karl/F-4678-2012 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6753 J9 INT J HEALTH PLAN M JI Int. J. Health Plan. Manag. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 326 EP 350 DI 10.1002/hpm.1012 PG 25 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 538NA UT WOS:000273190000006 PM 19946943 ER PT J AU Harrison, RB Terry, TA Licata, CW Flaming, BL Meade, R Guerrini, IA Strahm, BD Xue, DS Lolley, MR Sidell, AR Wagoner, GL Briggs, D Turnblom, EC AF Harrison, Robert B. Terry, Thomas A. Licata, Christopher W. Flaming, Barry L. Meade, Rod Guerrini, Irae A. Strahm, Brian D. Xue, Dongsen Lolley, M. Reese Sidell, Amy R. Wagoner, Gage L. Briggs, David Turnblom, Eric C. TI Biomass and Stand Characteristics of a Highly Productive Mixed Douglas-Fir and Western Hemlock Plantation in Coastal Washington SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE prediction equations; Pacific Northwest; even-aged stands AB Aboveground biomass predictive equations were developed for a highly productive 47-year-old mixed Douglas-fir and western hemlock stand in southwest Washington State to characterize the preharvest stand attributes for the Fall River Long-Term Site Productivity Study. The equations were developed using detailed biomass data taken from 31 Douglas-fir and 11 western hemlock trees within the original stand. The stand had an average of 615 live trees per hectare, with an average dbh of 35.6 cm (39.1 cm for Douglas-fir and 33.3 cm for western hemlock) and an average total tree height of 31.6 m (32.8 m for Douglas-fir and 30.2 m for western hemlock). Equations developed were of the form In Y = b(1) + b(2) In dbh, where Y = biomass in kg, dbh = diameter in cm at 1.3 m height, b(1) = intercept, and b(2) = slope of equation. Each tree part was estimated separately and also combined into total aboveground biomass. The total aboveground biomass estimation equations were In Y = -0.9950 + 2.0765 In dbh for Douglas-fir, and In Y = -1.6612 + 2.2321 In dbh for western hemlock. The estimate of the aboveground live-free biomass was of 395 Mg ha(-1) (235 Mg ha(-1) for Douglas-fir and 160 Mg ha(-1) for western hemlock), with 9.5, 29.3, 12.9, 308, and 32.7 Mg ha(-1) in the foliage, live branches, dead branches, stem wood, and stem hark, respectively. When compared with biomass estimates from six other studies, ranging in age from 22 to 110 years and from 96.3 to 636 Mg ha(-1), the biomass of the Fall River site was relatively high for its age, indicating very high productivity. C1 [Harrison, Robert B.; Xue, Dongsen; Sidell, Amy R.; Briggs, David; Turnblom, Eric C.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Licata, Christopher W.] Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Flaming, Barry L.] Reg Environm Off, USAID Reg Dev Mission Asia, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Meade, Rod] Weyerbauser Co, Western Forestry Res, Centralia, WA 98513 USA. [Guerrini, Irae A.] UNESP, Dep Ciencias Solo, Fac Ciencias Agronomicas, BR-18600000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Strahm, Brian D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lolley, M. Reese] Nature Conservancy, Yakima, WA 98902 USA. [Wagoner, Gage L.] Philips US Fleet, Bothell, WA 98021 USA. RP Harrison, RB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM robh@u.washington.edu; taterry45@comcast.net; bds92@cornell.edu; rlolley@tnc.org; gage.wagoner@philips.com; ect@u.washington.edu RI Guerrini, Irae/C-5472-2012 OI Guerrini, Irae/0000-0002-1336-0318 FU Pacific Northwest Stand Management Cooperative; National Council for Air and Stream Improvement; US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Laboratory, Olympia; Olympic Natural Resources Center, Weyerhaeuser Company, Inc; Stanley P. Gessel-William Kreuter scholarship of the College of Forest Resources, University of Washington FX This research was supported with funding from the Pacific Northwest Stand Management Cooperative; the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement; the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Laboratory, Olympia; the Olympic Natural Resources Center, Weyerhaeuser Company, Inc; and the Stanley P. Gessel-William Kreuter scholarship of the College of Forest Resources, University of Washington. Further acknowledgments and information are available at www.forestsoils.org/LTSP_FallRiver/. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 180 EP 186 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 512DC UT WOS:000271222600002 ER PT J AU Devi, BCR Tang, TS Corbex, M AF Devi, B. C. R. Tang, T. S. Corbex, M. TI Descriptive epidemiology of cancer in the elderly population from the Far East - preliminary data Sarawak General hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia SO EJC SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Congress of the European-Cancer-Organization/34th Multidisciplinary Congress of the European-Society-for-Medical-Oncology CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP European Canc Org, European Soc Med Oncol C1 [Devi, B. C. R.; Tang, T. S.] Hosp Umum Sarawak, Radiotherapy & Oncol & Palliat Care Unit, Kuching, Malaysia. [Corbex, M.] USAID, Cairo, Egypt. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6349 J9 EJC SUPPL JI EJC Suppl. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 7 IS 2 BP 216 EP 216 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 504VM UT WOS:000270645901049 ER PT J AU Morineau, G Vun, MC Barennes, H Wolf, RC Song, N Prybylski, D Chawalit, N AF Morineau, Guy Vun, Mean Chhi Barennes, Hubert Wolf, Robert Cameron Song, Ngak Prybylski, Dimitri Chawalit, Natpratan TI Survival and Quality of Life Among HIV-Positive People on Antiretroviral Therapy in Cambodia SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; INFECTED PATIENTS; EARLY MORTALITY; SOUTH-AFRICA; HEALTH; OUTCOMES; INDIVIDUALS; DISEASE; DETERMINANTS; INSTRUMENT AB In 2004, Cambodia, a low-income country, undertook a rapid scale-up of free antiretroviral therapy (ART) through the public sector in order to respond to the need for treatment for those living with HIV/AIDS. A cohort of patients initiating ART in a provincial national hospital was set up at the beginning of the program to monitor the impact of treatment on patients. Patients provided information on behaviors through face-to-face interviews. Medical data were obtained from clinical files. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 21-Items Short Form (MOS SF-21). Patients were interviewed when initiating ART and followed up at 3 months, 6 months, and each consecutive 6 months thereafter. From March 2005 through January 2008, the cohort included 549 patients followed for a total of 645 person-years. The 4.0% of patients lost to follow-up were considered dead in the analysis. Incidence of mortality was 9.1 per 100 person-years, which is comparable to international standards. HRQOL subscale scores increased dramatically in the first year after initiating ART. The mean of overall HRQOL score rose from 63.0 at baseline to 81.1 at 1 year and 89.9 at 30 months of follow-up (chi(2) for trends p < 0.001). Simultaneously, the proportion of patients with full-time employment increased from 48.8% to 95.7%. We conclude that the rapid scaling-up of ART delivery in a resource poor Asian setting dramatically improved the survival and well-being of its beneficiaries, who in turn resumed productive lives within their communities. C1 [Morineau, Guy] Family Hlth Int, Asia Pacific Reg Off, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Vun, Mean Chhi] Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STI & Dermatol, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Barennes, Hubert] Inst Francophone Med Trop, Viangchan, Laos. [Wolf, Robert Cameron] US Agcy Int Dev, Bangkok, Thailand. [Song, Ngak] Family Hlth Int, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Chawalit, Natpratan] Family Hlth Int, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Morineau, G (reprint author), Family Hlth Int, Asia Pacific Reg Off, 19th Floor,Sindhorn Bldg,Tower 3,130-132 Wireless, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. EM gmorineau@fhibkk.org RI Barennes, hubert/E-9728-2011 FU US Agency for International Development (USAID) [486-A-00-05-00005-0] FX The authors wish to express their gratitude to the people living with HIV from Battambang province who accepted to participate in this survey, to the volunteers who collected this information, and to the Battambang referral hospital staff who facilitated the survey. The corresponding author had full access to all data in the survey and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and accuracy of the data analysis. Financial support for this survey was provided by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) under the agreement 486-A-00-05-00005-0. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD AUG PY 2009 VL 23 IS 8 BP 669 EP 677 DI 10.1089/apc.2008.0241 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 484RC UT WOS:000269063600013 PM 19591600 ER PT J AU Obregon, R Chitnis, K Morry, C Feek, W Bates, J Galway, M Ogden, E AF Obregon, Rafael Chitnis, Ketan Morry, Chris Feek, Warren Bates, Jeffrey Galway, Michael Ogden, Ellyn TI Achieving polio eradication: a review of health communication evidence and lessons learned in India and Pakistan SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Review ID IMMUNIZATION AB Since 1988, the world has come very close to eradicating polio through the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, in which communication interventions have played a consistently central role, Mass media and information dissemination approaches used in immunization efforts worldwide have contributed to this success. However, reaching the hardest-to-reach, the poorest, the most marginalized and those without access to health services has been challenging. In the,last push to eradicate polio, Polio Eradication Initiative communication strategies have become increasingly research-driven and innovative, particularly through the introduction of sustained interpersonal communication and social mobilization approaches to reach unreached populations. This review examines polio communication efforts in India and Pakistan between the years 2000 and 2007. It shows how epidemiological, social and behavioural data guide communication strategies that have contributed to increased levels of polio immunity, particularly among underserved and hard-to-reach populations. It illustrates how evidence-based and planned communication strategies-such as sustained media campaigns, intensive community and social mobilization, interpersonal communication and political and national advocacy combined - have contributed to reducing polio incidence in these countries. Findings show that communication strategies have contributed on several levels by: mobilizing social networks and leaders; creating political will; increasing knowledge; ensuring individual and community-level demand; overcoming gender barriers and resistance to vaccination; and reaching out to the poorest and marginalized populations. The review concludes with observations about the added value of communication strategies in polio eradication efforts and implications for global and local public health communication interventions. C1 [Obregon, Rafael] Ohio Univ, Sch Media Arts & Studies, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Obregon, Rafael] Univ Norte, Dept Social Commun, Barranquilla, Colombia. [Chitnis, Ketan] United Nations Childrens Fund, Bangkok, Thailand. [Morry, Chris; Feek, Warren] Commun Initiat, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Bates, Jeffrey] United Nations Childrens Fund, Polio EPI Pmgram, New York, NY USA. [Galway, Michael] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. [Ogden, Ellyn] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Obregon, R (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Sch Media Arts & Studies, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM obregon@ohiou.edu FU The Communication Initiative FX Rafael Obregon received funding from The Communication Initiative. NR 25 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 23 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 87 IS 8 BP 624 EP 630 DI 10.2471/BLT.08.060863 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 479FI UT WOS:000268644700019 PM 19705014 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, James D. TI Why multiple sexual partners? SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID RURAL MALAWI; PREVENTION; AIDS C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Heath, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Heath, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM JShelton@usaid.gov NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 374 IS 9687 BP 367 EP 369 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 481MJ UT WOS:000268815200008 PM 19647597 ER PT J AU Mangun, JC Carver, AD Ylli, V AF Mangun, Jean C. Carver, Andrew D. Ylli, Valbona TI Values of Place: Measuring Attitudes of Community Leaders Toward Scenes from Rural Landscapes SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE attitudes; community development; place; rural landscape; semantic differential ID POLITICS AB This article reports on an exploratory study designed to measure community leaders' attitudes toward scenes from working rural landscapes as elicited by photographs paired with a semantic differential scale. Using this approach it is determined that age, occupation, knowledge about farm structure, and community size tire important factors shaping the diverse attitudes held by community leaders in rural southern Illinois. Findings suggest that the position and magnitude of attitude differences between relevant social groups be examined prior to launching new rural development initiatives. C1 [Mangun, Jean C.] Siena Coll, Dept Environm Studies, Loudonville, NY 12211 USA. [Carver, Andrew D.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Ylli, Valbona] USAID, Reg Infrastruct Program, Tirana, Albania. RP Mangun, JC (reprint author), Siena Coll, Dept Environm Studies, 515 Loudon Rd, Loudonville, NY 12211 USA. EM jmangun@siena.edu NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 22 IS 7 BP 665 EP 673 DI 10.1080/08941920802231930 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 478JD UT WOS:000268582800006 ER PT J AU Kumar, M Warren, D Srikantiah, S Singh, S Kurian, G Manoranjini, M Sharma, R Choudhury, AR AF Kumar, Mukesh Warren, Dora Srikantiah, Sridhar Singh, Sampurna Kurian, George Manoranjini, Mercy Sharma, Reetu Choudhury, Arundhuti Roy TI Making Nutrition Services Work for Socially Excluded Groups: Lessons from the Integrated Nutrition and Health Project SO IDS BULLETIN-INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES LA English DT Article AB A relatively large proportion of India's underweight children belong to groups facing multiple disadvantages. Addressing child malnutrition among these communities is critical if India is to eliminate undernutrition and achieve the MDG goals. This article draws evidence from the Integrated Nutrition and Health Project II (INHP-II), a USAID funded project, implemented by CARE in India, to show how, by ensuring universal service coverage, a programme can enhance equity and inclusion. INHP-approaches such as: Nutrition and health days (NHD); prioritising home contacts; system strengthening; community participation; tracking left-out children; enhancing convergence and coverage of nutritional and health services, all help to improve nutritional outcomes among all sections of society, particularly socially excluded groups. C1 [Warren, Dora] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Warren, Dora] US Ctr Dis Control, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Warren, Dora] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Programme, New Delhi, India. [Warren, Dora] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Singh, Sampurna] Int Inst Populat Sci IIPS, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. [Manoranjini, Mercy] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India. [Sharma, Reetu] Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, New Delhi 110067, India. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST DEVELOPMENT STUDIES PI BRIGHTON PA UNIV SUSSEX, BRIGHTON BN1 9RE, E SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0265-5012 J9 IDS BULL-I DEV STUD JI IDS Bull.-Inst. Dev. Stud. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 40 IS 4 BP 86 EP 94 PG 9 WC Area Studies; Planning & Development SC Area Studies; Public Administration GA 466YH UT WOS:000267700900012 ER PT J AU Migliori, GB Sotgiu, G Lange, C Macgregor-Skinner, G AF Migliori, Giovanni Battista Sotgiu, Giovanni Lange, Christoph Macgregor-Skinner, Gavin TI Defining priorities: swine-origin H1N1 and the MDR-TB epidemic SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 [Migliori, Giovanni Battista] Fdn S Maugeri, I-21049 Tradate, Varese, Italy. [Sotgiu, Giovanni] Univ Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Lange, Christoph] Res Ctr Borstel, Borstel, Germany. [Macgregor-Skinner, Gavin] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Migliori, GB (reprint author), Fdn S Maugeri, I-21049 Tradate, Varese, Italy. EM giovannibattista.migliori@fsm.it OI Migliori, Giovanni Battista/0000-0002-2597-574X NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 20 PY 2009 VL 373 IS 9681 BP 2108 EP 2108 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 460YQ UT WOS:000267229700019 PM 19541029 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, James D. TI Clinical versus population-wide donor services SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 13 PY 2009 VL 373 IS 9680 BP 2024 EP 2024 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 459DJ UT WOS:000267080100023 PM 19524776 ER PT J AU Spira, T Lindegren, ML Ferris, R Habiyambere, V Ellerbrock, T AF Spira, Thomas Lindegren, Mary Lou Ferris, Robert Habiyambere, Vincent Ellerbrock, Tedd TI The WHO/PEPFAR Collaboration to Prepare an Operations Manual for HIV Prevention, Care, and Treatment at Primary Health Centers in High-Prevalence, Resource-Constrained Settings Defining Laboratory Services SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Clinical-Pathology CY JAN 22-24, 2008 CL Maputo, MOZAMBIQUE SP Amer Soc Clin Pathol DE HIV prevention; World Health Organization; President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief; PEPFAR; Collaboration; Laboratory services AB The expansion of HIV/AIDS care and treatment in resource-constrained countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, has generally developed in a top-down manner. Further expansion will involve primary health centers where human and other resources are limited. This article describes the World Health Organization/President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief collaboration, formed to help scale up HIV services in primary health centers in high-prevalence, resource-constrained settings. It reviews the contents of the Operations Manual developed, with emphasis on the Laboratory, Services chapter, which discusses essential laboratory services, both at the center and the district hospital level, laboratory safety, laboratory testing, specimen transport, how to set up a laboratory, human resources, equipment maintenance, training materials, and references. The chapter provides specific information on essential tests and generic job aids for them. It also includes annexes containing a list of laboratory supplies for the health center and sample forms. C1 [Spira, Thomas; Lindegren, Mary Lou; Ellerbrock, Tedd] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Care & Treatment Branch, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis Sexually Transmitted Dis &, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ferris, Robert] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Habiyambere, Vincent] World Hlth Org, Dept HIV AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Spira, T (reprint author), CDC, E-04,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 131 IS 6 BP 887 EP 894 DI 10.1309/AJCPRID8CQY5THES PG 8 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 448CB UT WOS:000266238600021 PM 19461098 ER PT J AU Marutani-Hert, M Hunter, WB Katsar, CS Sinisterra, XH Hall, DG Powell, CA AF Marutani-Hert, Mizuri Hunter, Wayne B. Katsar, Catherine S. Sinisterra, Xiomara H. Hall, David G. Powell, Charles A. TI REOVIRUS-LIKE SEQUENCES ISOLATED FROM ADULT ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLID, (HEMIPTERA: PSYLLIDAE: DIAPHORINA CITRI) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Psyllidae; psyllids; citrus; HLB; Huanglongbing; Reoviridae; pathogen; virus ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NILAPARVATA-LUGENS REOVIRUS; GENOME; FIJIVIRUS; VIRUS; BACULOVIRUSES; SEGMENT-1; DISEASE; MEMBER AB The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, (Insecta: Hemiptera: Psyllidae), has been identified as a damaging pest and an efficient vector of the plant infecting bacterium (Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus) which is strongly associated with the disease Huanglongbing (HLB), known as 'Citrus greening disease'. Huanglongbing has caused extensive economic losses in the citrus industries worldwide. Traditional control measures of the psyllid have proven to be ineffective and costly. Biological control measures have been shown to provide environmentally friendly management tools for insect pests. In this study, an expression library was prepared from adult psyllids in search of new pathogens that can be use as biological control agents. We identified 2 viral sequences: one 616 base pairs and a second, 792 base pairs. Both had significant similarity to viruses within the insect Reovirus group. Phylogenetic and homology comparisons indicated that the viral sequences were most closely related to the viruses in the Family Reoviridae, Genus Fijivirus, specifically Nilaparvata lugens reovirus, NLRV. C1 [Marutani-Hert, Mizuri; Hunter, Wayne B.; Hall, David G.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Katsar, Catherine S.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33316 USA. [Sinisterra, Xiomara H.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20451 USA. [Powell, Charles A.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Marutani-Hert, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. FU Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council FX We thank Laura Hunnicutt, Jerry Mozoruk, Maria Gonzales, Christine Lynch, Matthew Hentz, and Kathryn Moulton, Biological science technicians for providing technical assistance and for helpful comments. We thank Dr. Shinji Kawano for helpful discussions about reovirus. We thank Dr. Aaron P. Hert for helpful discussions and review of the manuscript. This research was supported in part by the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council, 2007. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 314 EP 320 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 457VP UT WOS:000266962700016 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD Adetunji, J AF Shelton, James D. Adetunji, Jacob TI Spousal violence and spontaneous fetal loss SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 [Shelton, James D.; Adetunji, Jacob] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM JShelton@USAID.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 2 PY 2009 VL 373 IS 9674 BP 1520 EP 1520 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60850-3 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 440OT UT WOS:000265710300019 PM 19410707 ER PT J AU Cartwright, J AF Cartwright, Jan TI INDIA'S REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY Rhetoric or Reality? SO ASIAN SURVEY LA English DT Article DE India; democracy; South Asia; regional; multilateral AB In recent years, Indian leaders have elevated the prominence of democratic rhetoric in their regional and international political discourse. This paper examines India's record of democracy promotion. It argues that India has much to gain by selectively supporting democracy in neighboring countries. Furthermore, participating in multinational efforts at democracy promotion offers India a potential vehicle for global leadership. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Cartwright, J (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jmc256@georgetown.edu NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0004-4687 J9 ASIAN SURV JI Asian Surv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 49 IS 3 BP 403 EP 428 PG 26 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 463CT UT WOS:000267407100001 ER PT J AU Liebe, JR van de Giesen, N Andreini, MS Steenhuis, TS Walter, MT AF Liebe, Jens R. van de Giesen, Nick Andreini, Marc S. Steenhuis, Tammo S. Walter, M. Todd TI Suitability and Limitations of ENVISAT ASAR for Monitoring Small Reservoirs in a Semiarid Area SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Bragg scattering; radar; remote sensing; reservoirs; resource management; water; water resources; West Africa ID UPPER EAST REGION; STORAGE CAPACITIES; RADAR IMAGERY; GIS; GHANA AB In semiarid regions, thousands of small reservoirs provide the rural population with water, but their storage volumes and hydrological impact are largely unknown. This paper analyzes the suitability of weather-independent radar satellite images for monitoring small reservoir surfaces. The surface areas of three reservoirs were extracted from 21 of 22 ENVISAT Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar scenes, acquired bimonthly from June 2005 to August 2006. The reservoir surface areas were determined with a quasi-manual classification approach, as stringent classification rules often failed due to the spatial and temporal variability of the backscatter from the water. The land-water contrast is critical for the detection of water bodies. Additionally, wind has a significant impact on the classification results and affects the water surface and the backscattered radar signal (Bragg scattering) above a wind speed threshold of 2.6 m . s(-1). The analysis of 15 months of wind speed data shows that, on 96% of the days, wind speeds were below the Bragg scattering criterion at the time of night time acquisitions, as opposed to 50% during the morning acquisition time. Night time acquisitions are strongly advisable over day time acquisitions due to lower wind interference. Over the year, radar images are most affected by wind during the onset of the rainy season (May and June). We conclude that radar and optical systems are complimentary. Radar is suitable during the rainy season but is affected by wind and lack of vegetation context during the dry season. C1 [Liebe, Jens R.; Steenhuis, Tammo S.; Walter, M. Todd] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [van de Giesen, Nick] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Water Resources Sect, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands. [Andreini, Marc S.] IWMI, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Andreini, Marc S.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Walter, M. Todd] Univ Alaska SE, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Liebe, JR (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Res Dev Ctr, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. EM jliebe@uni-bonn.de; n.c.vandegiesen@tudelft.nl; m.andreini@cgiar.org; tss1@cornell.edu; mtw5@cornell.edu RI Liebe, Jens/A-6010-2009; van de Giesen, Nick/B-5010-2008 OI van de Giesen, Nick/0000-0002-7200-3353 FU Small Reservoirs Project [CP46]; CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food; GLOWA Volta Project; Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Bonn; International Water Management Institute, Ghana; Cornell University; ESA's TIGER [2871] FX This research is part of the Small Reservoirs Project (CP46), and funded through the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. The authors would like to thank for the cooperation with the GLOWA Volta Project, the Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, and the International Water Management Institute, Ghana, for supporting the field work. The authors would also like to thank Cornell University for funding in the form of an assistantship. The ENVISAT images used in this paper were obtained through ESA's TIGER Project 2871. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2009 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1536 EP 1547 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2004805 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 437KT UT WOS:000265487100027 ER PT J AU Engmann, C Matendo, R Kinoshita, R Ditekemena, J Moore, J Goldenberg, RL Tshefu, A Carlo, WA McClure, EM Bose, C Wright, LL AF Engmann, Cyril Matendo, Richard Kinoshita, Rinko Ditekemena, John Moore, Janet Goldenberg, Robert L. Tshefu, Antoinette Carlo, Waldemar A. McClure, Elizabeth M. Bose, Carl Wright, Linda L. TI Stillbirth and early neonatal mortality in rural Central Africa SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS LA English DT Article DE Africa; Early neonatal death; Fresh and macerated stillbirth; Low-income country ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; PRENATAL-CARE; HEALTH; INTERVENTIONS; INTRAPARTUM; POPULATION; STATISTICS; MORBIDITY; SURVIVAL; DEATHS AB Objective: To develop a prospective perinatal registry that characterizes all deliveries, differentiates between stillbirths and early neonatal deaths (ENDs), and determines the ratio of fresh to macerated stillbirths in the northwest Democratic Republic of Congo. Method: Birth outcomes were obtained from 4 rural health districts. Results: A total of 8230 women consented, END rate was 32 deaths per 1000 live births, and stillbirth rate was 33 deaths per 1000 deliveries. The majority (75%) of ENDs and stillbirths occurred in neonates weighing 1500 g or more. Odds of stillbirth and END increased in mothers who were single or who did not receive prenatal care, and among premature, low birth weight, or male infants. The ratio of fresh to macerated stillbirths was 4:1. Conclusion: Neonates weighing 1500 g or more at birth represent a group with a high likelihood of survival in remote areas, making them potentially amenable to targeted intervention packages. The ratio of fresh to macerated stillbirths was approximately 10-fold higher than expected, suggesting a more prominent role for improved intrapartum obstetric interventions. (C) 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Engmann, Cyril] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatal Perinatal Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Matendo, Richard; Ditekemena, John; Tshefu, Antoinette] Kinshasa Sch Publ Hlth, Kinshasa, Zaire. [Kinoshita, Rinko] USAID, Kinshasa, Zaire. [Moore, Janet; McClure, Elizabeth M.] Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Goldenberg, Robert L.] Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Carlo, Waldemar A.] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. [Wright, Linda L.] Natl Inst Child Hlth & Dev, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Engmann, C (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatal Perinatal Med, CB 7596,4th Floor,UNC Hosp, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM cengmann@med.unc.edu FU National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [U01 HD043475]; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation FX Funding was provided by grants from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U01 HD043475) and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0020-7292 J9 INT J GYNECOL OBSTET JI Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 105 IS 2 BP 112 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.12.012 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 444GL UT WOS:000265968600006 PM 19201402 ER PT J AU Williams, HA Vincent-Mark, A Herrera, Y Chang, OJ AF Williams, Holly Ann Vincent-Mark, Arlene Herrera, Yenni Chang, O. Jaime TI A retrospective analysis of the change in anti-malarial treatment policy: Peru SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MALARIA-TREATMENT POLICY; DRUG POLICY; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; CHLOROQUINE; TANZANIA; LESSONS; KENYA AB Background: National malaria control programmes must deal with the complex process of changing national malaria treatment guidelines, often without guidance on the process of change. Selecting a replacement drug is only one issue in this process. There is a paucity of literature describing successful malaria treatment policy changes to help guide control programs through this process. Objectives: To understand the wider context in which national malaria treatment guidelines were formulated in a specific country (Peru). Methods: Using qualitative methods (individual and focus group interviews, stakeholder analysis and a review of documents), a retrospective analysis of the process of change in Peru's anti-malarial treatment policy from the early 1990's to 2003 was completed. Results: The decision to change Peru's policies resulted from increasing levels of anti-malarial drug resistance, as well as complaints from providers that the drugs were no longer working. The context of the change occurred in a time in which Peru was changing national governments, which created extreme challenges in moving the change process forward. Peru utilized a number of key strategies successfully to ensure that policy change would occur. This included a) having the process directed by a group who shared a common interest in malaria and who had long-established social and professional networks among themselves, b) engaging in collaborative teamwork among nationals and between nationals and international collaborators, c) respect for and inclusion of district-level staff in all phases of the process, d) reliance on high levels of technical and scientific knowledge, e) use of standardized protocols to collect data, and f) transparency. Conclusion: Although not perfectly or fully implemented by 2003, the change in malaria treatment policy in Peru occurred very quickly, as compared to other countries. They identified a problem, collected the data necessary to justify the change, utilized political will to their favor, approved the policy, and moved to improve malaria control in their country. As such, they offer an excellent example for other countries as they contemplate or embark on policy changes. C1 [Williams, Holly Ann] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Vincent-Mark, Arlene] CDC, Div Injury Response, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Herrera, Yenni] Minist Salud, Jesus Maria Lima, Peru. [Chang, O. Jaime] USAID, Lima, Peru. [Williams, Holly Ann; Vincent-Mark, Arlene] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Williams, HA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Mail Stop F-60,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hbw2@cdc.gov; Arlene.VincentMark@cdc.hhs.gov; yherrerah@minsa.gob.pe; jachang@usaid.gov FU USAID FX The authors wish to thank all the participants who agreed to share documents and be interviewed. Funding for the study was received from USAID. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD APR 28 PY 2009 VL 8 AR 85 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-8-85 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 449JU UT WOS:000266327700002 PM 19400953 ER PT J AU Koblinsky, M Kureshy, N AF Koblinsky, Marge Kureshy, Nazo TI Safe Motherhood Case Studies: Learning with Stakeholders in South Asia-An Introduction SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH POPULATION AND NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID MATERNAL HEALTH; WORKS; INITIATIVES; DELIVERY; CARE C1 [Koblinsky, Marge] John Snow Inc, Arlington, VA 22205 USA. [Kureshy, Nazo] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Koblinsky, M (reprint author), John Snow Inc, 1616 Ft Myer Dr, Arlington, VA 22205 USA. EM marge_koblinsky@jsi.com NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I C D D R B-CENTRE HEALTH POPULATION RESEARCH PI DHAKA PA MOHAKHALI, 1212 DHAKA, BANGLADESH SN 1606-0997 J9 J HEALTH POPUL NUTR JI J. Heatlh Popul. Nutr. PD APR PY 2009 VL 27 IS 2 BP 89 EP 92 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 444VW UT WOS:000266009500001 PM 19489408 ER PT J AU Jafarey, SN Rizvi, T Koblinsky, M Kureshy, N AF Jafarey, Sadiqua N. Rizvi, Talat Koblinsky, Marge Kureshy, Nazo TI Verbal Autopsy of Maternal Deaths in Two Districts of Pakistan-Filling Information Gaps SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH POPULATION AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Causes of death; Maternal mortality; Risk factors; Socioeconomic factors; Verbal autopsy; Pakistan ID ADULT DEATHS; VALIDATION; MORTALITY; INDIA AB In Pakistan, the vital registration system is weak, and population-based data on the maternal mortality ratio are limited. This study was carried out to collect information on maternal deaths from different existing sources during the current year-2007 (prospective) and the past two years-2005 and 2006(retrospective), identify gaps in information, and critically analyze maternal deaths at the community and health-facility levels in two districts in Pakistan. The verbal autopsy questionnaire was administered to households where a maternal death had occurred. No single source had complete data on maternal deaths. Risk factors identified among 128 deceased women were low socioeconomic status, illiteracy, low-earning jobs, parity, and bad obstetric history. These were similar to the findings of earlier studies. Half of the women did seek antenatal care, 34% having made more than four visits. Of the 104 women who died during or after delivery, 38% had delivered in a private facility and 18% in a government facility. The quality of services in both private and public sectors was inadequate. Sixty-nine percent of deaths occurred in the postpartum period, and 51% took place within 24 hours of delivery. The study identified gaps in reporting of maternal deaths and also provided profile of the dead women and the causes of death. C1 [Jafarey, Sadiqua N.] Ziauddin Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Karachi, Pakistan. [Jafarey, Sadiqua N.; Rizvi, Talat] Natl Comm Maternal & Neonatal Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan. [Koblinsky, Marge] ICDDR B, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Kureshy, Nazo] US Agcy Int Dev, Child Survival & Hlth Grants Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Jafarey, SN (reprint author), Ziauddin Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Karachi, Pakistan. EM ncmnh@cyber.net.pk NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU I C D D R B-CENTRE HEALTH POPULATION RESEARCH PI DHAKA PA MOHAKHALI, 1212 DHAKA, BANGLADESH SN 1606-0997 J9 J HEALTH POPUL NUTR JI J. Heatlh Popul. Nutr. PD APR PY 2009 VL 27 IS 2 BP 170 EP 183 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 444VW UT WOS:000266009500007 PM 19489414 ER PT J AU Ogutu, BR Apollo, OJ McKinney, D Okoth, W Siangla, J Dubovsky, F Tucker, K Waitumbi, JN Diggs, C Wittes, J Malkin, E Leach, A Soisson, LA Milman, JB Otieno, L Holland, CA Polhemus, M Remich, SA Ockenhouse, CF Cohen, J Ballou, WR Martin, SK Angov, E Stewart, VA Lyon, JA Heppner, DG Withers, MR AF Ogutu, Bernhards R. Apollo, Odika J. McKinney, Denise Okoth, Willis Siangla, Joram Dubovsky, Filip Tucker, Kathryn Waitumbi, John N. Diggs, Carter Wittes, Janet Malkin, Elissa Leach, Amanda Soisson, Lorraine A. Milman, Jessica B. Otieno, Lucas Holland, Carolyn A. Polhemus, Mark Remich, Shon A. Ockenhouse, Christian F. Cohen, Joe Ballou, W. Ripley Martin, Samuel K. Angov, Evelina Stewart, V. Ann Lyon, Jeffrey A. Heppner, D. Gray, Jr. Withers, Mark R. CA MSP-1 Malaria Vaccine Working Grp TI Blood Stage Malaria Vaccine Eliciting High Antigen-Specific Antibody Concentrations Confers No Protection to Young Children in Western Kenya SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Objective: The antigen, falciparum malaria protein 1 (FMP1), represents the 42-kDa C-terminal fragment of merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) of the 3D7 clone of P. falciparum. Formulated with AS02 (a proprietary Adjuvant System), it constitutes the FMP1/AS02 candidate malaria vaccine. We evaluated this vaccine's safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in African children. Methods: A randomised, double-blind, Phase IIb, comparator-controlled trial. The trial was conducted in 13 field stations of one mile radii within Kombewa Division, Nyanza Province, Western Kenya, an area of holoendemic transmission of P. falciparum. We enrolled 400 children aged 12-47 months in general good health. Children were randomised in a 1: 1 fashion to receive either FMP1/AS02 (50 mu g) or Rabipur (R) rabies vaccine. Vaccinations were administered on a 0, 1, and 2 month schedule. The primary study endpoint was time to first clinical episode of P. falciparum malaria (temperature >= 37.5 degrees C with asexual parasitaemia of >= 50,000 parasites/mu L of blood) occurring between 14 days and six months after a third dose. Case detection was both active and passive. Safety and immunogenicity were evaluated for eight months after first immunisations; vaccine efficacy (VE) was measured over a six-month period following third vaccinations. Results: 374 of 400 children received all three doses and completed six months of follow-up. FMP1/AS02 had a good safety profile and was well-tolerated but more reactogenic than the comparator. Geometric mean anti-MSP-1(42) antibody concentrations increased from 1.3 mu g/mL to 27.3 mu g/mL in the FMP1/AS02 recipients, but were unchanged in controls. 97 children in the FMP1/AS02 group and 98 controls had a primary endpoint episode. Overall VE was 5.1% (95% CI: 226% to +28%; p-value = 0.7). Conclusions: FMP1/AS02 is not a promising candidate for further development as a monovalent malaria vaccine. Future MSP-142 vaccine development should focus on other formulations and antigen constructs. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials. gov NCT00223990 C1 [Ogutu, Bernhards R.; Apollo, Odika J.; McKinney, Denise; Okoth, Willis; Siangla, Joram; Waitumbi, John N.; Otieno, Lucas; Polhemus, Mark; Remich, Shon A.; Martin, Samuel K.; Withers, Mark R.] USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [Ogutu, Bernhards R.; Apollo, Odika J.; McKinney, Denise; Okoth, Willis; Siangla, Joram; Waitumbi, John N.; Malkin, Elissa; Otieno, Lucas; Polhemus, Mark; Remich, Shon A.; Martin, Samuel K.; Withers, Mark R.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Clin Res, Nairobi, Kenya. [Dubovsky, Filip; Milman, Jessica B.] PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Bethesda, MD USA. [Tucker, Kathryn; Wittes, Janet] Stat Collaborative Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Diggs, Carter; Soisson, Lorraine A.] US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC USA. [Leach, Amanda; Cohen, Joe; Ballou, W. Ripley; Heppner, D. Gray, Jr.] GlaxoSmithKline Biol sa, Rixensart, Belgium. [Holland, Carolyn A.; Ockenhouse, Christian F.; Angov, Evelina; Stewart, V. Ann; Lyon, Jeffrey A.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Malaria Vaccine Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Ogutu, BR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. EM bogutu@wrp-ksm.org RI Holland, Carolyn/B-7880-2011 FU PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI); Malaria Vaccine Development Program (MVDP) of the US Agency for International Development (USAID); US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC) FX The PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI), the Malaria Vaccine Development Program (MVDP) of the US Agency for International Development (USAID), and the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC) provided funding. The three funding agencies were involved in all aspects of study design, data analysis, data interpretation, and writing of the report. The corresponding author had full access to all study data and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. The study sponsor was the Office of the Surgeon General, US Army. NR 32 TC 135 Z9 137 U1 1 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 5 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 3 AR e4708 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0004708 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437MC UT WOS:000265490600019 PM 19262754 ER PT J AU Thwing, JI Mihigo, J Fernandes, AP Saute, F Ferreira, C Fortes, F de Oliveira, AM Newman, RD AF Thwing, Julie I. Mihigo, Jules Fernandes, Alexandra Pataca Saute, Francisco Ferreira, Carolina Fortes, Filomeno de Oliveira, Alexandre Macedo Newman, Robert D. TI How Much Malaria Occurs in Urban Luanda, Angola? A Health Facility-Based Assessment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID APPRAISAL RUMA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; ANTANANARIVO; MADAGASCAR; TANZANIA; CHILDREN AB We conducted a health facility-based survey of patients With fever during malaria transmission season to determine the proportion with laboratory-confirmed malaria in Luanda, Angola. We enrolled 864 patients at 30 facilities; each underwent a blood film for malaria and a questionnaire. Only 3.6% had a positive blood film. When stratified by distance of the facility to city center (< 15 km and >= 15 km), the Proportions were 1.5% (9/615) and 8.8% (22/249), respectively (P < 0.0001), Of patients traveling outside Luanda in the preceding 3 months, 6.8% (6/88) had malaria, compared with 3.2% (26/776) not traveling (P = 0.13). Children < 5 years of age Were less likely to have malaria (2.4%; 12/510) than children ages 5 14 (8.7%; 9/104) and adults (4.0%; 10/250) (P = 0.03). The prevalence of laboratory-confirmed malaria in febrile patients in Luanda is very low, but increases with distance from the urban center. Prevention and treatment should be focused in surrounding rural areas. C1 [Thwing, Julie I.; de Oliveira, Alexandre Macedo; Newman, Robert D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Direccao Prov Saude, Luanda, Angola. [Mihigo, Jules; Saute, Francisco] US Agcy Int Dev, PMI Angola, Luanda, Angola. Inst Nacl Saude Publ, Luanda, Angola. [Fortes, Filomeno] Programa Nacl Controle Malaria, Luanda, Angola. RP Thwing, JI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, 4770 Buford Highway MSF-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jthwing@cdc.gov; jmihigo@cdc.gov; fsaute@usaid.gov; acq7@cdc.gov; rnewman@cdc.gov RI maria, ana /G-8106-2014 FU Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition, Bureau fair Global Health; U.S. Agency for International Development FX Funding was provided by the President's Malaria initiative through support provided by the Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition, Bureau fair Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development, under the terms of an Interagency Agreement with Centers for Disease; Control and Prevention. The opine ions expressed herein are those of the NR 13 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 BP 487 EP 491 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 417EH UT WOS:000264058800029 PM 19270303 ER PT J AU Leibler, JH Otte, J Roland-Holst, D Pfeiffer, DU Magalhaes, RS Rushton, J Graham, JP Silbergeld, EK AF Leibler, Jessica H. Otte, Joachim Roland-Holst, David Pfeiffer, Dirk U. Magalhaes, Ricardo Soares Rushton, Jonathan Graham, Jay P. Silbergeld, Ellen K. TI Industrial Food Animal Production and Global Health Risks: Exploring the Ecosystems and Economics of Avian Influenza SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE influenza A virus; avian; poultry; zoonoses; agriculture; biosecurity ID A VIRUSES; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; GENETIC REASSORTMENT; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; FEEDING OPERATIONS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; SWINE INFLUENZA; POULTRY WORKERS; BROILER FLOCKS; UNITED-STATES AB Many emerging infectious diseases in human populations are associated with zoonotic origins. Attention has often focused on wild animal reservoirs, but most zoonotic pathogens of recent concern to human health either originate in, or are transferred to, human populations from domesticated animals raised for human consumption. Thus, the ecological context of emerging infectious disease comprises two overlapping ecosystems: the natural habitats and populations of wild animals, and the anthropogenically controlled habitats and populations of domesticated species. Intensive food animal production systems and their associated value chains dominate in developed countries and are increasingly important in developing countries. These systems are characterized by large numbers of animals being raised in confinement with high throughput and rapid turnover. Although not typically recognized as such, industrial food animal production generates unique ecosystems-environments that may facilitate the evolution of zoonotic pathogens and their transmission to human populations. It is often assumed that confined food animal production reduces risks of emerging zoonotic diseases. This article provides evidence suggesting that these industrial systems may increase animal and public health risks unless there is recognition of the specific biosecurity and biocontainment challenges of the industrial model. Moreover, the economic drivers and constraints faced by the industry and its participants must be fully understood in order to inform preventative policy. In order to more effectively reduce zoonotic disease risk from industrial food animal production, private incentives for the implementation of biosecurity must align with public health interests. C1 [Leibler, Jessica H.; Silbergeld, Ellen K.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Otte, Joachim] Food & Agr Org, Anim Prod & Hlth Div, Rome, Italy. [Roland-Holst, David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pfeiffer, Dirk U.; Rushton, Jonathan] Univ London, Univ London Royal Vet Coll, London, England. [Magalhaes, Ricardo Soares] Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Graham, Jay P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Leibler, JH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM jleibler@jhsph.edu RI Soares Magalhaes, Ricardo/A-5316-2010; Graham, Jay/I-3328-2012; Pfeiffer, Dirk/C-5002-2009; Rushton, Jonathan/I-3518-2014; OI Soares Magalhaes, Ricardo/0000-0001-9157-8470; Pfeiffer, Dirk/0000-0001-7000-0530; Rushton, Jonathan/0000-0001-5450-4202; Graham, Jay/0000-0001-7062-6293; Leibler, Jessica/0000-0002-0605-0928 NR 62 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD MAR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 1 BP 58 EP 70 DI 10.1007/s10393-009-0226-0 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 507FK UT WOS:000270837100010 PM 19437076 ER PT J AU Penh, B AF Penh, Borany TI New Convergences in Poverty Reduction, Conflict, and State Fragility: What Business Should Know SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS LA English DT Article DE business; commerce; conflict; international development; peace; poverty; state fragility ID CIVIL-WAR; NIGER DELTA; EXTRACTION AB A common moral imperative to reduce human suffering in developing countries has helped to bring the international poverty reduction and conflict mitigation agendas together. But while research and practice are well established in the fields of poverty and conflict, the nexus between these two fields at the theoretical and practical levels is largely nascent. Lack of a shared body of knowledge has arguably impeded the ability of these communities to work together toward the overlapping goals of reducing poverty and conflict in countries affected by violence and instability. Business, as a key sector of the international community, could potentially make significant contributions to the joint agenda if it were better integrated in efforts to develop the nexus. This article surveys the current states-of-knowledge in the fields of poverty and conflict, including the increasing influence of the fragile states theory. It then discusses some of the major schools of thought helping to bring poverty reduction efforts into alliance with conflict mitigation efforts. The third section identifies important conceptual convergences and divergences between the fields and reconsiders the prominent assumption that economic opportunity can be a powerful incentive for peace and stability. Finally, this article discusses potential areas that could advance the nexus of poverty and conflict at both a theoretical and practical level. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Off Poverty Reduct, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Penh, B (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off Poverty Reduct, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM bpenh@usaid.gov NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4544 J9 J BUS ETHICS JI J. Bus. Ethics PD MAR PY 2009 VL 89 SU 4 BP 515 EP 528 DI 10.1007/s10551-010-0404-6 PG 14 WC Business; Ethics SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 612LW UT WOS:000278900900012 ER PT J AU Ruark, A Shelton, JD Halperin, DT Wawer, MJ Gray, RH AF Ruark, Allison Shelton, James D. Halperin, Daniel T. Wawer, Maria J. Gray, Ronald H. TI Universal voluntary HIV testing and immediate antiretroviral therapy SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 [Ruark, Allison] Harvard Ctr Populat & Dev Studies, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Shelton, James D.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Halperin, Daniel T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Wawer, Maria J.; Gray, Ronald H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Ruark, A (reprint author), Harvard Ctr Populat & Dev Studies, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM allisonruark@gmail.com OI Ruark, Allison/0000-0002-5131-1568 NR 5 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 373 IS 9669 BP 1078 EP 1078 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 427IS UT WOS:000264773600019 PM 19328994 ER PT J AU Al Sabbah, H Vereecken, C Abdeen, Z Coats, E Maes, L AF Al Sabbah, H. Vereecken, C. Abdeen, Z. Coats, E. Maes, L. TI Associations of overweight and of weight dissatisfaction among Palestinian adolescents: findings from the national study of Palestinian schoolchildren (HBSC-WBG2004) SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Article DE adolescents; health complaints; overweight; Palestinian; risk behaviours; weight dissatisfaction ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CROSS-SECTIONAL SAMPLE; SELF-REPORTED WEIGHT; SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; NONOVERWEIGHT ADOLESCENTS; YOUNG ADOLESCENTS; CONTROL BEHAVIORS; OBESITY; HEALTH AB Overweight and obesity as well as weight dissatisfaction have been increasing in prevalence worldwide. Body weight dissatisfaction and fear of fatness are potential contributors to disordered eating. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of self-reported overweight and weight dissatisfaction along with associations with socio-demographic characteristics, body image, health complaints, risk behaviours, physical activity and television viewing in adolescents in Palestine. The 2003/04 Palestinian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) is a cross-sectional survey of 17 817 adolescents from 405 randomly selected schools. Students from a representative sample of grades 6, 8, 10 and 12 (aged 12-18 years) self-completed a modified version of the international World Health Organization collaborative Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC-2002) questionnaire. Although 16.5% of the adolescents were overweight, almost twice that number (32.1%) were dissatisfied with their weight (i.e. dieting or perceiving a need to diet). Of those adolescents, two-thirds were not actually overweight (56.4% boys; 73.5% girls). One-fifth of the total number of adolescents (16.0% boys; 24.0% girls) were not overweight but were dissatisfied with their weight. Boys reporting overweight or weight dissatisfaction were more likely to have mothers with higher education or to be from more affluent families. Among both genders, but especially among girls, weight dissatisfaction was positively associated with most of the outcome variables (body image, health complaints, risk behaviours, and television viewing) regardless of weight status, whereas weight status was associated with only a few of the outcome variables. Weight dissatisfaction, independent of weight status, is associated with body image, health complaints, risk behaviours and television viewing, and represents a potential health risk factor for adolescents. Preventive interventions should focus not only on weight status, but also on body weight dissatisfaction. C1 [Al Sabbah, H.; Abdeen, Z.] Al Quds Univ, Nutr & Hlth Res Inst, Jerusalem, Israel. [Al Sabbah, H.; Vereecken, C.; Maes, L.] Univ Ghent, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Coats, E.] USAID Mission, Washington, DC USA. RP Abdeen, Z (reprint author), Al Quds Univ, Al Quds Nutr & Hlth Res Inst, POB 20760, Jerusalem, Israel. EM zabdeen@planet.edu OI Al Sabbah, Haleama/0000-0001-7357-5823 FU USAID MERC; Palestinian Ministry of Education and Al Quds University; Belgium Technical Cooperation (BTC) FX This survey was supported by grants from USAID MERC program. Data collection was conducted in cooperation with the Palestinian Ministry of Education and Al Quds University. The Ministry of Education is thanked for their assistance in the data collection procedure. The authors thank the Belgium Technical Cooperation (BTC) for sponsoring the first author's doctorate study. Carine Vereecken is a postdoctoral researcher funded by the FWO-Flanders. Our gratitude also goes to Mr Radwan Qasrawi for his efforts in monitoring the processing of data entry and cleaning, and to Ms Michal Molcho for checking the manuscript. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0952-3871 J9 J HUM NUTR DIET JI J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 22 IS 1 BP 40 EP 49 DI 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2008.00901.x PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 394UR UT WOS:000262476600006 PM 18759957 ER PT J AU Grabowski, JH Gaudette, J Clesceri, EJ Yund, PO AF Grabowski, Jonathan H. Gaudette, Julien Clesceri, Erika J. Yund, Philip O. TI The role of food limitation in lobster population dynamics in coastal Maine, United States, and New Brunswick, Canada SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference and Workshop on Lobster Biology and Management CY SEP, 2007 CL Charlottetown, CANADA DE American lobster; Homarus americanus; herring bait; Clupea harengus; ecosystem management; fisheries ecology ID HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; LONG-TERM; GULF; ECOSYSTEMS; GROWTH; CARBON; ISLAND AB Lobster (Homarus americanus) landings in Maine, United States have increased steadily over the past two decades to levels that are consistently more than triple the 40-year (1950 to 1990) annual average of c. 9000 MT. Meanwhile, the use of herring (Chipea harengus) as bait has increased fourfold since the 1970s, and is currently subsidising lobster productivity in mid-coast Maine by augmenting the diet and growth of large juvenile and young adult lobsters before they recruit to the fishery. We investigated whether herring bait in the eastern portions of the Gulf of Maine is also subsidising these lobster populations. In 2004, we compared stomach contents, tissue production via stable isotope ratios, and growth rates of lobsters from seasonally open (Cutler, Maine, United States) and closed (Dipper Harbour, New Brunswick, Canada) fishing areas in the spring, summer, and autumn. Contrary to previous results in mid-coast Maine, lobsters from seasonally closed sites at Dipper Harbour outgrew those from fished sites around Cutler. Yet examination of the diet of lobsters revealed several differences between open and closed sites that did not exist at sites in mid-coast Maine. For instance, lobsters at Dipper Harbour consumed markedly more bivalves than those at Cutler. Furthermore, quantification of trap densities and the number of licensed fishers in mid-coast versus eastern Maine determined that fishing effort was greatly reduced in eastern Maine. Thus, our results indicate that herring bait subsidies are not important in eastern portions of the Gulf of Maine, but the availability of natural prey seemingly limits the growth of lobsters in eastern Maine. Moreover, our study suggests that bottom-up forcing (i.e., food limitation) can have important consequences for lobster population dynamics and the productivity of lobster fisheries. C1 [Grabowski, Jonathan H.; Gaudette, Julien] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME 04101 USA. [Clesceri, Erika J.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Democracy Conflict & Humanitarian Assistance, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Yund, Philip O.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. RP Grabowski, JH (reprint author), Gulf Maine Res Inst, 350 Commercial St, Portland, ME 04101 USA. EM jgrabowski@gmri.org OI Yund, Philip/0000-0003-0474-5205 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 12 PU RSNZ PUBLISHING PI WELLINGTON PA PO BOX 598, WELLINGTON, 00000, NEW ZEALAND SN 0028-8330 J9 NEW ZEAL J MAR FRESH JI N. Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 185 EP 193 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 440SM UT WOS:000265720000017 ER PT J AU Dossa, EL Khouma, M Diedhiou, I Sene, M Kizito, F Badiane, AN Samba, SAN Dick, RP AF Dossa, E. L. Khouma, M. Diedhiou, I. Sene, M. Kizito, F. Badiane, A. N. Samba, S. A. N. Dick, R. P. TI Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization potential of semiarid Sahelian soils amended with native shrub residues SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Carbon; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Immobilization; Mineralization; Nutrient cycling; Guiera senegalensis; Pillostigma reticulatum; Senegal ID TROPICAL LEGUMINOUS TREES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; LEAF-LITTER; NUTRIENT RELEASE; N MINERALIZATION; LEUCAENA-LEUCOCEPHALA; DECOMPOSING LEAVES; AEROBIC CONDITIONS; PEANUT BASIN; WEST-AFRICA AB Two native shrubs (Piliostigma reticulatum and Guiera senegalensis) commonly coexist with crops in fields throughout the Sahel but aboveground residue is annually coppiced and burned. An alternative with, potential to improve soil quality, would be non-thermal return of residues to soils but information is needed on the potential of residues' to provide nutrients before such systems can be adopted. The objective of this research was to characterize carbon (C), net nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) mineralization of shrub residues during decomposition in soil beneath or outside shrub canopies. Two lab incubation (30 degrees C for 118 days) studies (1 for each shrub species/soil type system) had a 2 by 4 factorial design with two soil sources (beneath or outside the shrub canopy) and four residue soil amendments (leaf, leaf+stem, beef manure, or control of soil only). Soils amended with P. reticulatum or G. senegalensis leaf residues immobilized N during the first 62 and 76 days, respectively, but later had net release of inorganic N. The addition of stems to leaf amendments for both shrub species resulted in net N immobilization throughout the incubation. Manure had positive but shrub residues negative release of inorganic R However if the leached P, released at time zero is included in the summation, all amendments released more P than the control. Cumulative net release of C, N or P over the incubation was higher in soil originating from beneath than outside the shrub canopy except for release of P from soil associated with G. senegalensis. Residue chemistry was related to nutrient release, particularly high lignin content of stems, which corresponded to N immobilization. Our results suggest that none of the shrub residues when added to soil would potentially provide short-term plant available N and that additional fertilizer would be required for optimal crop yield. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dick, R. P.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dossa, E. L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Khouma, M.; Samba, S. A. N.] ISRA, LNRPV, Dakar, Senegal. [Diedhiou, I.] ISRA, CNRA, Bambey, Senegal. [Sene, M.] ISRA, CERAAS, Thies Escale, Thies, Senegal. [Kizito, F.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Badiane, A. N.] USAID Senegal, Dakar, Senegal. RP Dick, RP (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Richard.Dick@snr.osu.edu RI Burr, Mark/L-2722-2015 FU NSF [0120732] FX This study was conducted as part of the Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles/Biocomplexity Grant No. 0120732 funded by the NSF. We thank Saliou Faye for helping with soil and shrub materials sampling, Joan Sandeno for assisting in part of the laboratory analyses and for editing the draft manuscript. Statistical advice was provided by Dr. Cliff Pereira. We are grateful to Dr. Bruce Caldwell for helping with the polyphenols' analysis. The authors would also thank four anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 71 TC 30 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 148 IS 3-4 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.10.009 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 399CM UT WOS:000262778000002 ER PT J AU Rogers, WO Sem, R Tero, T Chim, P Lim, P Muth, S Socheat, D Ariey, F Wongsrichanalai, C AF Rogers, William O. Sem, Rithy Tero, Thong Chim, Pheaktra Lim, Pharath Muth, Sinuon Socheat, Duong Ariey, Frederic Wongsrichanalai, Chansuda TI Failure of artesunate-mefloquine combination therapy for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in southern Cambodia SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRUG-RESISTANCE; ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE; CHLOROQUINE RESISTANCE; THAILAND; PFMDR1; ARTEMISININ; MONOTHERAPY; EFFICACY; AFRICA; BORDER AB Background: Resistance to anti-malarial drugs hampers control efforts and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality from malaria. The efficacy of standard therapies for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria was assessed in Chumkiri, Kampot Province, Cambodia. Methods: One hundred fifty-one subjects with uncomplicated falciparum malaria received directly observed therapy with 12 mg/kg artesunate (over three days) and 25 mg/kg mefloquine, up to a maximum dose of 600 mg artesunate/1,000 mg mefloquine. One hundred nine subjects with uncomplicated vivax malaria received a total of 25 mg/kg chloroquine, up to a maximum dose of 1,500 mg, over three days. Subjects were followed for 42 days or until recurrent parasitaemia was observed. For P. falciparum infected subjects, PCR genotyping of msp1, msp2, and glurp was used to distinguish treatment failures from new infections. Treatment failure rates at days 28 and 42 were analyzed using both per protocol and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Real Time PCR was used to measure the copy number of the pfmdr1 gene and standard 48-hour isotopic hypoxanthine incorporation assays were used to measure IC(50) for anti-malarial drugs. Results: Among P. falciparum infected subjects, 47.0% were still parasitemic on day 2 and 11.3% on day 3. The PCR corrected treatment failure rates determined by survival analysis at 28 and 42 days were 13.1% and 18.8%, respectively. Treatment failure was associated with increased pfmdr1 copy number, higher initial parasitaemia, higher mefloquine IC(50), and longer time to parasite clearance. One P. falciparum isolate, from a treatment failure, had markedly elevated IC(50) for both mefloquine (130 nM) and artesunate (6.7 nM). Among P. vivax infected subjects, 42.1% suffered recurrent P. vivax parasitaemia. None acquired new P. falciparum infection. Conclusion: The results suggest that artesunate-mefloquine combination therapy is beginning to fail in southern Cambodia and that resistance is not confined to the provinces at the Thai-Cambodian border. It is unclear whether the treatment failures are due solely to mefloquine resistance or to artesunate resistance as well. The findings of delayed clearance times and elevated artesunate IC(50) suggest that artesunate resistance may be emerging on a background of mefloquine resistance. C1 [Rogers, William O.; Wongsrichanalai, Chansuda] Naval Med Res Unit 2, Komp P2P PLP LITBANGKES, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. [Wongsrichanalai, Chansuda] USAID Reg Dev Mission Asia, Off Publ Hlth, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Tero, Thong] Minist Hlth Referral Hosp, Chouk Dist, Kampot Province, Cambodia. [Sem, Rithy; Muth, Sinuon; Socheat, Duong] Natl Malaria Ctr, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Sem, Rithy; Chim, Pheaktra; Lim, Pharath; Ariey, Frederic] Inst Pasteur Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. RP Rogers, WO (reprint author), Naval Med Res Unit 2, Komp P2P PLP LITBANGKES, Jl Percetakan Negara 29, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. EM rogerswo@namrutwo.org; srithy@pasteur-kh.org; thongtero@noneavailable.net; pheaktra@pasteur-kh.org; pharath@pasteur-kh.org; sinuonm@cnm.gov.kh; socheatd@cnm.gov.kh; fariey@pasteur-kh.org; cwongsrichanalai@usaid.gov FU Department of Defense Global Epidemic Information System; Department of State Biosecurity Enhancement Program; NIH [5D43TW007402-02]; International Atomic Energy Agency FX The authors thank Preab Ratha, Director, Trapaing Raing Health Center, and Preab Saroth, Malaria Supervisor for Kampot Province, for supporting the study, Steve Meshnick for advice on the pfmdr1 copy number assay, and all the study subjects for their participation. The authors also thank the Office of Defense Cooperation, American Embassy Phnom Penh for providing mosquito nets to study participants. The study was supported by the Department of Defense Global Epidemic Information System, the Department of State Biosecurity Enhancement Program, NIH training grant 5D43TW007402-02, and the International Atomic Energy Agency. The study was reviewed and approved by the National Ethics Committee of Cambodia and the Institutional Review Board of NAMRU-2, and was conducted in compliance with all relevant ethical standards and regulations governing research involving human subjects. The views expressed herein are the private ones of the authors and do not purport to reflect those of the Department of Defense or the Department of the Navy. NR 22 TC 113 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JAN 12 PY 2009 VL 8 AR 10 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-8-10 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 424NC UT WOS:000264572400001 PM 19138388 ER PT J AU Fedoroff, NV AF Fedoroff, Nina V. TI Science Diplomacy in the 21(st) Century SO CELL LA English DT Editorial Material AB Science diplomacy is the use of scientific collaborations among nations to address the common problems facing 21(st) century humanity and to build constructive international partnerships. There are many ways that scientists can contribute to this process. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, US Dept State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. RP Fedoroff, NV (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, US Dept State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. EM fedoroffnv@state.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD JAN 9 PY 2009 VL 136 IS 1 BP 9 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.cell.2008.12.030 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 392QX UT WOS:000262318400005 PM 19135879 ER PT J AU Davidson, FR AF Davidson, Frances R. TI TOWARDS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY METHODOLOGY FOR IMPROVING CHILD NUTRITION SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Davidson, Frances R.] US Agcy Int Dev, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2009 VL 55 SU 1 BP 58 EP 59 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 507CF UT WOS:000270827200217 ER PT J AU Afolabi, WA Akinyele, IO Siddiqi, MS Jackson, C AF Afolabi, Wasiu A. Akinyele, Issac O. Siddiqi, Mizan S. Jackson, Cheryl TI REHABILITATION OF MALNOURISHED CHILDREN IN KANO, NIGERIA USING COMMUNITY BASED APPROACH SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Afolabi, Wasiu A.; Siddiqi, Mizan S.] ABUJA, USAID COMPASS, Fct, Nigeria. [Akinyele, Issac O.] Univ Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Jackson, Cheryl] USAID, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2009 VL 55 SU 1 BP 236 EP 237 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 507CF UT WOS:000270827200907 ER PT J AU Akinyele, IO Schaetzel, T Adebisi, B Jackson, C AF Akinyele, Isaac O. Schaetzel, Thomas Adebisi, Babajide Jackson, Chery TI POSITIVE DEVIANCE APPROACH FOR IMPROVING CHILD SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT IN RESOURCE POOR SETTINGS: A CASE STUDY OF NASARAWA LGA NIGERIA SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Akinyele, Isaac O.] Univ Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria. [Adebisi, Babajide] Food Basket Fdn Int, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria. [Jackson, Chery] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2009 VL 55 SU 1 BP 305 EP 305 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 507CF UT WOS:000270827201194 ER PT J AU Palo, L Tandon, R Parker, LN AF Palo, Laxmikanta Tandon, Rajiv Noto Parker, Laurie TI IMPROVING COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING PRACTICES: EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH ASIA SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Palo, Laxmikanta; Noto Parker, Laurie] Intrahlth Int, New Delhi, India. [Tandon, Rajiv] Usaid, New Delhi, India. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2009 VL 55 SU 1 BP 494 EP 494 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 507CF UT WOS:000270827201962 ER PT J AU Aguayo, V Palo, L Parker, L Tandon, R AF Aguayo, Victor Palo, Laxmikanta Parker, Laurie Tandon, Rajiv TI ESSENTIAL INTERVENTIONS FOR REDUCING MALNUTRITION IN INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN IN INDIA SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Aguayo, Victor] UNICEF, New Delhi, India. [Palo, Laxmikanta; Parker, Laurie] Intrahlth Int, New Delhi, India. [Tandon, Rajiv] USAID, New Delhi, India. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2009 VL 55 SU 1 BP 495 EP 495 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 507CF UT WOS:000270827201967 ER PT J AU Palo, L Shukla, M Parker, L Tandon, R AF Palo, Laxmikanta Shukla, Manju Parker, Laurie Tandon, Rajiv TI COMMUNITY LEVEL INTERVENTIONS TO PREVENT AND TREAT ANEMIA SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Palo, Laxmikanta; Shukla, Manju; Parker, Laurie] Intrahlth Int, New Delhi, India. [Tandon, Rajiv] USAID, New Delhi, India. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2009 VL 55 SU 1 BP 552 EP 552 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 507CF UT WOS:000270827202205 ER PT J AU Kantor, R Diero, L DeLong, A Balamane, M Lloyd, RM Injera, W Kamle, L Mambo, F Muyonga, S Watetu, L Carter, EJ Katzenstein, D Hogan, J Buziba, N AF Kantor, R. Diero, L. DeLong, A. Balamane, M. Lloyd, R. M. Injera, W. Kamle, L. Mambo, F. Muyonga, S. Watetu, L. Carter, E. J. Katzenstein, D. Hogan, J. Buziba, N. TI HIV diversity and drug resistance in western Kenya from plasma and non-plasma genotyping SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 09-13, 2009 CL Ft Myers, FL C1 [Kantor, R.; DeLong, A.; Hogan, J.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Diero, L.; Injera, W.; Kamle, L.; Mambo, F.; Muyonga, S.; Watetu, L.; Buziba, N.] Moi Univ, Sch Med, USAID AMPATH Partnership, Eldoret, Kenya. [Balamane, M.; Katzenstein, D.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lloyd, R. M.] Res Think Tank, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Hogan, Joseph/J-4579-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 MA 166 BP A189 EP A189 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 471FA UT WOS:000268039900183 ER PT B AU Gordon, DF Twining, D AF Gordon, David F. Twining, Daniel BE Drezner, DW TI A Road Map for American Leadership in a Changing World SO AVOIDING TRIVIA: THE ROLE OF STRATEGIC PLANNING IN AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gordon, David F.] US Agcy Int Dev, Nairobi, Kenya. [Gordon, David F.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gordon, David F.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gordon, David F.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Gordon, David F.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gordon, David F.] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Gordon, David F.] Univ Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. [Twining, Daniel] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-81570-366-2; 978-0-81570-306-8 PY 2009 BP 34 EP 51 PG 18 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BHS03 UT WOS:000326525000003 ER PT J AU Georgieva, SV Vasquez, E Barja, G Serrano, FG Flores, RL AF Georgieva, Sophia V. Vasquez, Enrique Barja, Gover Garcia Serrano, Fernando Larrea Flores, Ramiro BE GacituaMario, E Norton, A Georgieva, SV TI Establishing Social Equity: Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru SO BUILDING EQUALITY AND OPPORTUNITY THROUGH SOCIAL GUARANTEES: NEW APPROACHES TO PUBLIC POLICY AND THE REALIZATION OF RIGHTS SE New Frontiers of Social Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Georgieva, Sophia V.] World Bank, Social Dev Dept, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Vasquez, Enrique] Univ Pacific, Lima, Peru. [Vasquez, Enrique] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Vasquez, Enrique] Govt Peru, Lima, Peru. [Barja, Gover] Catholic Univ Bolivia, Masters Publ Policy & Management Program, La Paz, Bolivia. RP Georgieva, SV (reprint author), World Bank, Social Dev Dept, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-7963-9 J9 NEW FRONT SOC POLICY PY 2009 BP 143 EP 174 D2 10.1596/978-0-8213-7883-0 PG 32 WC Planning & Development; Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BAU96 UT WOS:000305575300008 ER PT B AU Ebi, KL AF Ebi, Kristie L. BE Brainard, L Jones, A Purvis, N TI Public Health Adaptation to Climate Change in Low-Income Countries SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL POVERTY: A BILLION LIVES IN THE BALANCE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ebi, Kristie L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-0281-8 PY 2009 BP 130 EP 141 PG 12 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZM50 UT WOS:000302027500010 ER PT B AU Carrillo, AJ AF Carrillo, Arturo J. BE Bouvier, VM TI Truth, Justice, and Reparations in Colombia The Path to Peace and Reconciliation? SO COLOMBIA: BUILDING PEACE IN A TIME OF WAR LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Carrillo, Arturo J.] George Washington Univ, Human Rights Clin Program, Sch Law, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Carrillo, Arturo J.] Catholic Univ Amer, Columbus Sch Law, Human Rights Clin, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Carrillo, Arturo J.] Columbias Human Rights Inst, New York, NY USA. [Carrillo, Arturo J.] United Nations Observer Mission El Salvador ONUSA, Human Rights Div, Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Carrillo, Arturo J.] United Nations Affairs Colombian Commiss Jurists, Bogota, Colombia. RP Carrillo, AJ (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bogota, Colombia. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US INST PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 978-1-60127-038-2 PY 2009 BP 133 EP 156 PG 24 WC International Relations; Political Science; Social Issues SC International Relations; Government & Law; Social Issues GA BWC21 UT WOS:000293420500007 ER PT J AU Viscarra, R Rushton, J AF Viscarra, Rommy Rushton, Jonathan BA Rushton, J BF Rushton, J TI Livestock Data Collection Methods SO ECONOMICS OF ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Viscarra, Rommy] WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. [Viscarra, Rommy; Rushton, Jonathan] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Rushton, Jonathan] Univ London Royal Vet Coll, London NW1 0TU, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-194-0 PY 2009 BP 58 EP 64 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BWQ96 UT WOS:000294596200008 ER PT J AU Devendra, C AF Devendra, C. BA Rushton, J BF Rushton, J TI Approaches to Economic Analyses and Implications for Policy Issues in South-east Asia: Results from Three Case Studies in Crop-Animal Systems SO ECONOMICS OF ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Devendra, C.] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Devendra, C.] UNDP, New York, NY USA. [Devendra, C.] FAO, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Devendra, C.] Commonwealth Secretariat, London, England. [Devendra, C.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Devendra, C.] Canadian Int Dev Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Devendra, C.] Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Devendra, C (reprint author), World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-194-0 PY 2009 BP 295 EP 298 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BWQ96 UT WOS:000294596200028 ER PT B AU Channell, W AF Channell, Wade BE Brand, RA Rist, DW TI Making a Difference: The Role of the LLM in Policy Formulation and Reform SO EXPORT OF LEGAL EDUCATION: ITS PROMISE AND IMPACT IN TRANSITION COUNTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Channell, W (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7546-9559-2; 978-0-7546-7800-7 PY 2009 BP 13 EP 21 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research; Law SC Education & Educational Research; Government & Law GA BB0YU UT WOS:000340844200002 ER PT J AU Simmons, E Howard, J AF Simmons, Emmy Howard, Julie BE Clapp, J Cohen, MJ TI Improving the Effectiveness of US Assistance in Transforming the Food Security Outlook in Sub-Saharan Africa SO GLOBAL FOOD CRISIS: GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES SE Studies in International Governance LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Simmons, Emmy] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Howard, Julie] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILFRID LAURIER UNIV PRESS PI WATERLOO PA 75 UNIVERSITY AVE WEST, WATERLOO, ON N2L 3C5, CANADA BN 978-1-55458-192-4 J9 STUD INT GOV PY 2009 BP 193 EP 203 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; International Relations SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; International Relations GA BSF32 UT WOS:000284320800015 ER PT J AU Mazia, G Narayanan, I Warren, C Mahdi, M Chibuye, P Walligo, A Mabuza, P Shongwe, R Hainsworth, M AF Mazia, G. Narayanan, I. Warren, C. Mahdi, M. Chibuye, P. Walligo, A. Mabuza, P. Shongwe, R. Hainsworth, M. TI Integrating quality postnatal care into PMTCT in Swaziland SO GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE integrated PMTCT and MNH care; postnatal; Swaziland AB Swaziland's prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme is linked to maternal and newborn health (MNH) services, but is mainly focussed on HIV/AIDS. Existing MNH services are inadequate, especially postnatal care (PNC) of mothers and babies, with delayed postnatal visits occurring at 4-6 weeks after delivery. Fifty-seven percent of staff in seven Swazi health facilities were trained in promoting and providing early PNC. A final evaluation showed a 20-fold increase in the number of visits coming for an early postnatal visit (within the first three days after birth). A direct observation of the client-provider interaction showed a significant increase in the competence of the health workers related to postnatal examinations, and care of mothers and babies (p<0.05-<0.01). The percentage of women breastfeeding within one hour of delivery increased by 41% in HIV-positive mothers and 52% in HIV-negative mothers. Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for HIV-exposed infants increased by 24%. Although, health workers were observed providing counselling, maternal recall of messages was deficient, suggesting the need for additional strategies for promoting healthy behaviours. High-quality integrated PMTCT programmes and MNH postnatal services are feasible and acceptable, and can result in promoting early postnatal visits and improved care of both HIV-positive and HIV-negative mothers and their babies. C1 [Mazia, G.; Narayanan, I.; Hainsworth, M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Basic Support Institutionalising Child Survival P, Arlington, VA USA. [Warren, C.] Horizons Populat Council, Nairobi, Kenya. [Mahdi, M.; Chibuye, P.; Walligo, A.] Elisabeth Glaser Pediat AIDS Fdn EGPAF, Mbabane, Swaziland. [Mabuza, P.] Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Sexual & Reprod Hlth Unit, Mbabane, Swaziland. [Shongwe, R.] Minist Econ Planning & Dev, Cent Stat Off, Mbabane, Swaziland. RP Mazia, G (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Basic Support Institutionalising Child Survival P, Arlington, VA USA. EM gmazia@basics.org NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1744-1692 J9 GLOB PUBLIC HEALTH JI Glob. Public Health PY 2009 VL 4 IS 3 SI SI BP 253 EP 270 DI 10.1080/17441690902769669 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V16UJ UT WOS:000207894200004 PM 19437214 ER PT B AU Dal Poz, MR Gupta, N Quain, E Soucat, ALB AF Dal Poz, Mario R. Gupta, Neeru Quain, Estelle Soucat, Agnes L. B. BE DalPoz, MR Gupta, N Quain, E Soucat, ALB TI Monitoring and evaluation of human resources for health: challenges and opportunities SO HANDBOOK ON MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH: WITH SPECIAL APPLICATIONS FOR LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dal Poz, Mario R.; Gupta, Neeru] WHO, New York, NY 10017 USA. [Soucat, Agnes L. B.] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Quain, Estelle] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Dal Poz, MR (reprint author), WHO, New York, NY 10017 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA PA DISTRIBUTION & SALES SERVICE, 1211 27 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND BN 978-92-4-154770-3 PY 2009 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BME32 UT WOS:000271993300001 ER PT B AU Fapohunda, B Fronczak, N Minichiello, SN Buckner, B Schenck-Yglesias, C Patil, P AF Fapohunda, Bolaji Fronczak, Nancy Minichiello, Shanthi Noriega Buckner, Bates Schenck-Yglesias, Catherine Patil, Priya BE DalPoz, MR Gupta, N Quain, E Soucat, ALB TI Use of facility-based assessments in health workforce analysis SO HANDBOOK ON MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH: WITH SPECIAL APPLICATIONS FOR LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Schenck-Yglesias, Catherine] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Buckner, Bates] Univ N Carolina, MEASURE Evaluat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA PA DISTRIBUTION & SALES SERVICE, 1211 27 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND BN 978-92-4-154770-3 PY 2009 BP 79 EP 101 PG 23 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BME32 UT WOS:000271993300007 ER PT J AU El-Saharty, S Janovsky, K Siadat, B Schleimann, F AF El-Saharty, Sameh Janovsky, Katja Siadat, Banafsheh Schleimann, Finn BE Peters, DH ElSaharty, S Siadat, B Janovsky, K Vujicic, M TI Seven Country Case Studies SO IMPROVING HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: FROM EVIDENCE TO ACTION SE Directions in Development LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Objectives: To describe the strategies of significant scale for strengthening health services delivery in the real-life context in which they occurred in seven low-income countries. Methods: Case studies involved mixed methods of document reviews, key informant interviews, and quantitative analysis of data from the seven countries. Key messages: Each country situation is unique. Hence generalizations and comparisons across countries are limited. Success in implementation of the selected health services delivery strategies is driven largely by several factors related to the country-specific macro environment, to the health sector micro environment, or to both. As the country context changes, the health system components also evolve in response to the changing environment. In virtually no country can overall health services improvements be linked to a particular strategy. Political stability, security, and economic growth, as well as legislation, regulation, and the capacity to monitor and enforce, are all macro-environment factors-mainly related to the country context-that influence how strategies are implemented. They are usually outside the control of the "strategy implementers." Leadership, the status of NGOs and faith-based organizations, the size of donor support, and aid approaches are factors related to the health sector (the micro environment) that are not under the control of the strategy implementers. But these elements should be seriously examined and considered as they directly influence how the strategy is implemented. A set of "strategy-related" factors was found to be critical. These factors are directly related to the design, adaptation, and implementation of the strategy, and are usually under the control of the strategy implementers. They include: seizing the "boost" of new beginnings, ensuring capacity building as a central tenet, modulating the pace of implementation, balancing supply-and demand-side interventions, anticipating consequences and resource requirements for going to scale, and recognizing the fragility of reforms and the need for their institutionalization. C1 [El-Saharty, Sameh] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth Int Hlth Policy & Management, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Siadat, Banafsheh] Global Hlth & Populat Dept, Boston, MA USA. [Siadat, Banafsheh] World Bank, Hlth Nutr & Populat Dept, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Janovsky, Katja] WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. [Janovsky, Katja] IMF, Washington, DC USA. [Janovsky, Katja] Harvard Univ, HIID, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Janovsky, Katja] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Off Int Hlth Programmes, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] Amer Univ Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. [El-Saharty, Sameh] UNFPA, New Delhi, India. [El-Saharty, Sameh] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] Pathfinder Int, Watertown, MA USA. RP El-Saharty, S (reprint author), World Bank, Hlth Nutr & Populat Dept, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-7943-1 J9 DIR DEV PY 2009 BP 233 EP 275 D2 10.1596/978-0-8213-7888-5 PG 43 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BZY92 UT WOS:000303399400010 ER PT B AU Muskin, JA AF Muskin, Joshua A. BE Maclean, R Wilson, DN TI Tinkering with the Tinker: Meeting Training Needs in the Informal Sector of Chad SO INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF EDUCATION FOR THE CHANGING WORLD OF WORK: BRIDGING ACADEMIC AND VOCATIONAL LEARNING , VOLS 1-6 SE International Library of Technical and Vocational Education and Training LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Rabat, Morocco. RP Muskin, JA (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Rabat, Morocco. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-5280-4 J9 INT LIB TECH VOCAT E PY 2009 VL 1-6 BP 245 EP 260 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5281-1_II.2 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5281-1 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BMM04 UT WOS:000272776500018 ER PT J AU Fukuda-Parr, S Lawson-Remer, T Randolph, S AF Fukuda-Parr, Sakiko Lawson-Remer, Terra Randolph, Susan TI An Index of Economic and Social Rights Fulfillment: Concept and Methodology SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS LA English DT Article AB In response to an increasing demand for rigorous monitoring of states in meeting their human rights obligations, a growing literature has emerged on measuring human rights fulfillment. Data are increasingly used in human rights assessment and advocacy but with an ad hoc approach, with three common limitations: frequent use of subjective indicators; focus on the right bearer enjoyment of right without taking account of duty bearer conduct; and event or country specific analysis that does not allow comparisons over time or space. This paper explores a methodology for measuring economic and social rights fulfillment that is reliable and authoritative. It proposes a composite index that: uses available survey-based objective, rather than subjective, data; focuses on state obligations rather than solely on individual enjoyment of rights; and captures progressive realization of human rights subject to maximum available resources. Two calculation methods are proposed: the ratio approach and the achievement possibilities frontier approach. The paper identifies key conceptual and data constraints. Recognizing the complex methodological challenges, the aim of this paper is not to resolve all the difficulties, but rather to contribute to the process of building rigorous approaches to human rights measurement. The proposed index provides important new information compared with other measures of economic and social rights fulfillment; although it still does not fully capture some desired features such as the right to nondiscrimination and equality, and the right to social security. The paper also outlines an agenda for longer term research and data collection that would make more complete measurement possible. C1 [Fukuda-Parr, Sakiko] New Sch, Grad Program Int Affairs, New York, NY 10011 USA. [Lawson-Remer, Terra] NYU, Sch Law, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Randolph, Susan] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Randolph, Susan] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Fukuda-Parr, S (reprint author), New Sch, Grad Program Int Affairs, 66 W 12th St, New York, NY 10011 USA. EM Fukudaps@newschool.edu NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1475-4835 J9 J HUM RIGHTS JI J. Hum. Rights PY 2009 VL 8 IS 3 BP 195 EP 221 DI 10.1080/14754830903110194 PG 27 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 629RZ UT WOS:000280218700001 ER PT J AU Romanik, C AF Romanik, Clare TI International Handbook of Urban Policy, vol 1, Contentious Global Issues SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION LA English DT Book Review C1 [Romanik, Clare] Urban Inst, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Romanik, C (reprint author), USAID, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0194-4363 J9 J AM PLANN ASSOC JI J. Am. Plan. Assoc. PY 2009 VL 75 IS 1 BP 102 EP 103 AR PII 907265137 DI 10.1080/01944360802540588 PG 2 WC Planning & Development; Urban Studies SC Public Administration; Urban Studies GA 389QG UT WOS:000262109000021 ER PT J AU Wools-Kaloustian, KK Sidle, JE Selke, HM Vedanthan, R Kemboi, EK Boit, LJ Jebet, VT Carroll, AE Tierney, WM Kimaiyo, S AF Wools-Kaloustian, Kara K. Sidle, John E. Selke, Henry M. Vedanthan, Rajesh Kemboi, Emmanuel K. Boit, Lillian J. Jebet, Viola T. Carroll, Aaron E. Tierney, William M. Kimaiyo, Sylvester TI A model for extending antiretroviral care beyond the rural health centre SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Background: A major obstacle facing many lower-income countries in establishing and maintaining HIV treatment programmes is the scarcity of trained health care providers. To address this shortage, the World Health Organization has recommend task shifting to HIV-infected peers. Methods: We designed a model of HIV care that utilizes HIV-infected patients, community care coordinators (CCCs), to care for their clinically stable peers with the assistance of preprogrammed personal digital assistants (PDAs). Rather than presenting for the standard of care, monthly clinic visits, in this model, patients were seen every three months in clinics and monthly by their CCCs in the community during the interim two months. This study was conducted in Kosirai Division, western Kenya, where eight of the 24 sub-locations (defined geographic areas) within the division were randomly assigned to the intervention with the remainder used as controls. Prior to entering the field, CCCs underwent intensive didactic training and mentoring related to the assessment and support of HIV patients, as well as the use of PDAs. PDAs were programmed with specific questions and to issue alerts if responses fell outside of pre-established parameters. CCCs were regularly evaluated in six performance areas. An impressionistic analysis on the transcripts from the monthly group meetings that formed the basis of the continuous feedback and quality improvement programme was used to assess this model. Results: All eight of the assigned CCCs successfully passed their training and mentoring, entered the field and remained active for the two years of the study. On evaluation of the CCCs, 89% of their summary scores were documented as superior during Year 1 and 94% as superior during Year 2. Six themes emerged from the impressionistic analysis in Year 1: confidentiality and "community" disclosure; roles and responsibilities; logistics; clinical care partnership; antiretroviral adherence; and PDA issues. At the end of the trial, of those patients not lost to follow up, 64% (56 of 87) in the intervention and 52% (58 of 103) in the control group were willing to continue in the programme (p = 0.26). Conclusion: We found that an antiretroviral treatment delivery model that shifted patient monitoring and antiretroviral dispensing tasks into the community by HIV-infected patients was both acceptable and feasible. C1 [Wools-Kaloustian, Kara K.; Sidle, John E.; Selke, Henry M.; Tierney, William M.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Vedanthan, Rajesh] Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Zena & Michael A Wiener Cardiovasc Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Kemboi, Emmanuel K.; Boit, Lillian J.; Jebet, Viola T.; Kimaiyo, Sylvester] US Agcy Int Dev Acad Model Providing Access Healt, Edoret, Kenya. [Carroll, Aaron E.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Tierney, William M.] Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Kimaiyo, Sylvester] Moi Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Eldoret, Kenya. RP Wools-Kaloustian, KK (reprint author), Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. EM kwools@iupui.edu; jsidle@iupui.edu; hselke@iupui.edu; rvedanthan@gmail.com; ekemboi74@yahoo.com; jeroplilian@yahoo.com; violajebet2004@yahoo.com; aaecarro@iupui.edu; wtierney@iupui.edu; skimaiyo@yahoo.com FU Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (DDCF); United States Agency for International Development; President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); National Institutes of Health (NIH); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; NIH; Agency for Health Care Research and Quality FX We thank the clinic staff and patients at Mosoriot Rural Health Center for hosting this project. This project was supported by a grant from the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (DDCF). This research was also supported in part by a grant to the USAID-AMPATH Partnership from the United States Agency for International Development, as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Dr Wools-Kaloustian and Dr Sidle received salary support from PEPFAR, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), DDCF, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation during the course of this study. Mr Kemboi and Ms Jebet received salary support from the DDCF. Dr Boit received salary support from PEPFAR and DDCF. Dr Tierney received salary support from NIH, CDC and PEPFAR. Dr Carroll received salary support from NIH and the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PY 2009 VL 12 AR 22 DI 10.1186/1758-2652-12-22 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA V19YA UT WOS:000208106500022 PM 19788755 ER PT J AU Gribble, JN Murray, NJ Menotti, EP AF Gribble, James N. Murray, Nancy J. Menotti, Elaine P. TI Reconsidering childhood undernutrition: can birth spacing make a difference? An analysis of the 2002-2003 El Salvador National Family Health Survey SO MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE anthropometry; birth interval; child growth; international child health nutrition; stunting; wasting ID NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; RISK-FACTORS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; PERINATAL OUTCOMES; MALNUTRITION; CHILDREN; COMMUNITY; GROWTH; DETERMINANTS; MORTALITY AB It is well understood that undernutrition underpins much of child morbidity and mortality in less developed countries, but the causes of undernutrition are complex and interrelated, requiring a multipronged approach for intervention. This paper uses a subsample of 3853 children under age 5 from the most recent family health survey in El Salvador to examine the relationship between birth spacing and childhood undernutrition (stunting and underweight). While recent research and guidance suggest that birth spacing of three to five years contributes to lower levels of infant and childhood mortality, little attention has been given to the possibility that short birth intervals have longer-term effects on childhood nutrition status. The analysis controls for clustering effects arising from siblings being included in the subsample, as well as variables that are associated with household resources, household structure, reproductive history and outcomes, and household social environment. The results of the multiple regression analyses find that in comparison to intervals of 36-59 months, birth intervals of less than 24 months and intervals of 24-35 months significantly increase the odds of stunting (<24 months Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.52; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21-1.92; 25-36 months OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.05-1.64). Other factors related to stunting and underweight include standard of living index quintile, child's age, mother's education, low birthweight, use of prenatal care, and region of the country where the child lives. Policy and program implications include more effective use of health services and outreach programs to counsel mothers on family planning, breastfeeding, and well child care. C1 [Gribble, James N.] Populat Reference Bur, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Murray, Nancy J.] Math Policy Res Inc, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Menotti, Elaine P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Gribble, JN (reprint author), Populat Reference Bur, 1875 Connecticut Ave,NW Suite 520, Washington, DC 20009 USA. EM jgribble@prb.org FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) [HRN-C-00-00-00006-00] FX Support for this research was provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the terms of the POLICY 11 Project, Contract No. HRN-C-00-00-00006-00, beginning July 7,2000 and ending June 30,2006. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of USAID or the US government. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1740-8695 J9 MATERN CHILD NUTR JI Matern. Child Nutr. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 5 IS 1 BP 49 EP 63 DI 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2008.00158.x PG 15 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 452NZ UT WOS:000266549200005 PM 19161544 ER PT J AU Mosley, P Hulme, D AF Mosley, Paul Hulme, David BE Hulme, D Arun, T TI MICROENTERPRISE FINANCE Is there a conflict between growth and poverty alleviation? SO MICROFINANCE: A READER SE Routledge Studies in Development Economics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mosley, Paul] Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Mosley, Paul] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Mosley, Paul] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Hulme, David] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Mosley, P (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-88276-4 J9 ROUTL STUD DEV ECON PY 2009 VL 47 BP 65 EP 77 PG 13 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BNI49 UT WOS:000274634600007 ER PT J AU Cohen, M AF Cohen, Monique BE Hulme, D Arun, T TI MAKING MICROFINANCE MORE CLIENT LED SO MICROFINANCE: A READER SE Routledge Studies in Development Economics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cohen, Monique] US Agcy Int Dev, AIMS Project, Off Microenterprise Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cohen, Monique] Univ So New Hampshire, Microenterprise Dev Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Cohen, Monique] Univ So New Hampshire, Microfinance Training Program, Boulder, CO USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-88276-4 J9 ROUTL STUD DEV ECON PY 2009 VL 47 BP 143 EP 162 PG 20 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BNI49 UT WOS:000274634600010 ER PT J AU Diedhiou, S Dossa, EL Badiane, AN Diedhiou, I Sene, M Dick, RP AF Diedhiou, S. Dossa, E. L. Badiane, A. N. Diedhiou, I. Sene, M. Dick, R. P. TI Decomposition and spatial microbial heterogeneity associated with native shrubs in soils of agroecosystems in semi-arid Senegal SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Sahel; Enzymes; PLFA; Shrubs; Rhizopshere; Decomposition ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; SUBSTRATE-INDUCED RESPIRATION; TROPICAL LEAF LITTERS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; LABORATORY DECOMPOSITION; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; CELLULASE-ACTIVITY; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; CROPPING SYSTEMS AB The interactions of the tree component with soils in the parkland systems of Africa have been investigated but little research has been done on unrecognized native woody shrubs that coexist with crops in farmers' fields, particularly in the Sahel. The two most important species are Guiera senegalensis and Piliostigma reticulatum, which are coppiced and burned prior to crop planting in Senegal and throughout the Sahel. The litter inputs and year-round presence of the shrub rhizosphere should have implications for soil quality and crop productivity, but the interactions of these shrubs with microbial communities and biogeochemical processes are uninvestigated. Hence, the objective was to determine the influence of shrub rhizospheric soil and residue type on microbial community composition and activity during decomposition as a first step towards developing a non-thermal residue management system. Two experiments, one for each shrub species, had a 2 x 3 factorial design with two soil treatments (0-10 cm depth beneath and outside the influence of the shrub) and three residue amendments (leaf, stem+leaf and control). The amended soil microcosms were incubated for 105 days in the tab and destructively sampled at 0, 7, 14, 45, 75, or 105 days. At each sampling, the soil microbial communities were profiled by phospholipids fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and analyzed for the activity of two C hydrolyzing enzymes (beta-glucosidase and cellulase). Interestingly, the shrub canopy effect on the microbial communities was stronger than the residue type. The fungal biomarkers were more closely correlated than other microbial groups to residue chemistry whereas, Gram-positive bacterial, and fungal markers (18:2 omega 6c, 18:1 omega 9c) were highly correlated with enzyme activities. In contrast, the actinomycete marker (10Me 16:0) was poorly correlated with enzyme activities. We conclude that shrub rhizospheres in Sahaliean agroecosystems are distinct components in controlling microbial community composition, promoting fungi, microbial diversity, and litter decomposition. (C) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Dick, R. P.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resource, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Diedhiou, S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dossa, E. L.] Int Fertilizer Dev Corp, Accra, Ghana. [Badiane, A. N.] USAID Senegal, Dakar, Senegal. [Diedhiou, I.] Univ Thies, Thies, Senegal. [Sene, M.] ISRA CERAAS, Thies, Senegal. RP Dick, RP (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resource, 2021 Coffey Rd,210 Kottman, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Richard.Dick@snr.osu.edu FU NSF [0120732] FX This study was conducted as part of the Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles/Biocomplexity Grant no. 0120732 funded by the NSF. The authors are grateful to the Senegalese National Research Institute (ISRA) and would like to thank Sahou Faye for his assistance in soil and shrub materials sampling. We are grateful to Dr. Rockie Yarwood for technical assistance, Joan Sandeno for editing and Stephanie Boyle for reviewing this manuscript. NR 96 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PY 2009 VL 52 IS 4 BP 273 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.pedobi.2008.11.002 PG 14 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 443QN UT WOS:000265925000005 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI Conceptual globalism and globalization: an initiation SO TWO FACES OF GLOBALIZATION: MUNIFICENT AND MALEVOLENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Bus Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Bus Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84844-525-3 PY 2009 BP 1 EP 40 PG 40 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BSW58 UT WOS:000285959400002 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI Two Faces of Globalization Munificent and Malevolent Preface SO TWO FACES OF GLOBALIZATION: MUNIFICENT AND MALEVOLENT LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID FINANCIAL INTEGRATION; ECONOMIC-GROWTH; WORLD; INEQUALITY; POVERTY; EXPORTS; TRADE; CHINA; INCOME C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Bus Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Bus Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84844-525-3 PY 2009 BP IX EP + PG 27 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BSW58 UT WOS:000285959400001 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI Winners of globalization SO TWO FACES OF GLOBALIZATION: MUNIFICENT AND MALEVOLENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Bus Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Bus Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84844-525-3 PY 2009 BP 41 EP 89 PG 49 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BSW58 UT WOS:000285959400003 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI Globalization, that versatile villain SO TWO FACES OF GLOBALIZATION: MUNIFICENT AND MALEVOLENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Bus Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Bus Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84844-525-3 PY 2009 BP 90 EP 129 PG 40 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BSW58 UT WOS:000285959400004 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI A vituperative anti-globalization movement SO TWO FACES OF GLOBALIZATION: MUNIFICENT AND MALEVOLENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Bus Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Bus Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84844-525-3 PY 2009 BP 130 EP 157 PG 28 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BSW58 UT WOS:000285959400005 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI The smiling face of globalization: the market-driven ascent of the dynamic South SO TWO FACES OF GLOBALIZATION: MUNIFICENT AND MALEVOLENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Bus Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Bus Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84844-525-3 PY 2009 BP 158 EP 199 PG 42 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BSW58 UT WOS:000285959400006 ER PT J AU Arrive, E Marquis, B Timwesigye, N Brinkhof, MWG Fassinou, P Cotton, M Wemin, L Boulle, A Holland, M Renner, L Kariyo, P Aveika, A Azondekon, A Carter, R Kieffer, MP Namale, L Newell, ML Mbori-Ngacha, D Dabis, F AF Arrive, Elise Marquis, Benoit Timwesigye, Nathan Brinkhof, Martin W. G. Fassinou, Patricia Cotton, Mark Wemin, Louise Boulle, Andrew Holland, Margaret Renner, Lorna Kariyo, Pierre Aveika, Akum Azondekon, Alain Carter, Rosalind Kieffer, Maiy-Pat Namale, Leticia Newell, Marie-Louise Mbori-Ngacha, Dorothy Dabis, Francois CA KIDS-ART-LINC Collaborat TI Low Risk of Death, but Substantial Program Attrition, in Pediatric HIV Treatment Cohorts in Sub-Saharan Africa SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral treatment; children; death; HIV; loss to follow-up; sub-Saharan Africa ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; HIV-1-INFECTED CHILDREN; INFECTED CHILDREN; INCOME COUNTRIES; FOLLOW-UP; SURVIVAL; OUTCOMES; MORTALITY; MALAWI AB Background: To date, an estimated 10% of children eligible for antiretroviral treatment (ART.) receive it, and the frequency Of retention in programs is unknown. We evaluated the 2-year risks of death and loss to follow-up (LTFU) of children after ART initiation in a Multicenter Study in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Pooled analysis of routine individual data from 16 participating clinics produced overall Kaplan-Meier estimates of the probabilities of death or LTFU after ART initiation. Risk factors analysis used Weibull regression, accounting for between-cohort heterogeneity. Results: The median age of 2405 children at ART initiation was 4.9 years (12%, younger than 12 months), 52% were male, 70% had severe immunodeficiency, and 59% started ART with a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. The 2-year risk of death after ART initiation was 6.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.9 to 8.1), independently associated with baseline severe anemia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 4.10 [CI: 2.36 to 7.13]), immunodeficiency (adjusted aHR: 2.95 [CI: 1.49 to 5.82]), and severe clinical status (adjusted aHR: 3.64 [CI: 1.95 to 6.81]); the 2-year risk of LTFU was 10.3% (CI: 8.9 to 11.9), higher in children with severe clinical Status. Conclusions: Once on treatment, the 2-year risk of death is low but the LTFU risk is substantial. ART is still mainly initiated at advanced disease stage in African children, reinforcing the need for early HIV diagnosis, early initiation of ART, and procedures to increase program retention. C1 [Marquis, Benoit] Inst Sante Publ & Dev ISPED, INSERM, U897, Bordeaux, France. [Timwesigye, Nathan] African Network Care Children Affected AIDS, Kampala, Uganda. [Brinkhof, Martin W. G.] Univ Bern, Dept Social & Prevent Med, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Fassinou, Patricia] Univ Yopougon, Ctr Hosp, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Cotton, Mark] Tygerberg Childrens Hosp, Cape Town, South Africa. [Wemin, Louise] ACONDA, Ctr Prise Charge Rech & Format CEPREF Enfants, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Boulle, Andrew] Khayelitsha Hosp, Cape Town, South Africa. [Holland, Margaret] Connaught Clin, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Renner, Lorna] Korle Bu Hosp, Accra, Ghana. [Kariyo, Pierre] ANSS, Bujumbura, Burundi. [Aveika, Akum] MRC, Fajara, Gambia. [Azondekon, Alain] UPEIV, Hop Intruct Armees, Cotonou, Benin. [Carter, Rosalind] Columbia Univ, MTCT Plus Network, New York, NY USA. [Kieffer, Maiy-Pat] USAID, Nairobi, Kenya. [Namale, Leticia] ANECCA, Kampala, Uganda. [Mbori-Ngacha, Dorothy] Univ Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Dabis, F (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 2, Inst Sante Publ, INSERM, Epidemiol & Dev Case 11,ISPED,U897, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. EM francois.dabis@isped.u-bordeaux2.fr RI Leroy, Valeriane/F-8129-2013; OI Leroy, Valeriane/0000-0003-3542-8616; Prozesky, Hans/0000-0001-9715-3449; Weigel, Ralf/0000-0001-9034-2634; Newell, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-1074-7699 FU US National Institutes of Health/Office of AIDS Research; United States Agency for International Development East Africa; French Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida et les hepatitis virates [12147]; The International epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS; National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; KIDS-ART-LINC Collaboration FX Supported by US National Institutes of Health/Office of AIDS Research and United States Agency for International Development East Africa (2005-2007) and French Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida et les hepatitis virates Grant 12147 (2007). The International epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS project of the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases provided additional support to the KIDS-ART-LINC Collaboration in 2006-2007. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 5 BP 523 EP 531 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 376YN UT WOS:000261219000010 ER PT J AU Patterson, NB Bruder, JT Limbach, K Moretz, SE Zhou, H Diouf, A King, CR Gowda, K Chen, P Konovalova, S Bergmann-Leitner, ES Locke, E Soisson, L Diggs, C Angov, E Long, CA Richie, TL Doolan, DL AF Patterson, Noelle B. Bruder, Joseph T. Limbach, Keith Moretz, Samuel E. Zhou, Hong Diouf, Ababacar King, C. Richter Gowda, Kalpana Chen, Ping Konovalova, Svetlana Bergmann-Leitner, Elke S. Locke, Emily Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter Angov, Evelina Long, Carole A. Richie, Thomas L. Doolan, Denise L. TI THE FIRST GENERATION PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM AMA-1 BASED MONOVALENT ADENOVECTOR VACCINE AND THE SECOND GENERATION BIVALENT ADENOVECTOR VACCINE EXPRESSING PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM AMA-1 AND MSP1-42 ELICIT ROBUST FUNCTIONAL ANTIBODIES IN NZW RABBIT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Patterson, Noelle B.; Limbach, Keith; Gowda, Kalpana; Bergmann-Leitner, Elke S.; Angov, Evelina; Richie, Thomas L.; Doolan, Denise L.] Naval Med Res Ctr, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Patterson, Noelle B.; Limbach, Keith; Gowda, Kalpana; Bergmann-Leitner, Elke S.; Angov, Evelina; Richie, Thomas L.; Doolan, Denise L.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Bruder, Joseph T.; King, C. Richter; Chen, Ping; Konovalova, Svetlana] GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Moretz, Samuel E.; Zhou, Hong; Diouf, Ababacar; Long, Carole A.] NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Locke, Emily] PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiat, Bethesda, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter] US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/B-3548-2011; Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 OI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/0000-0002-8571-8956; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 5 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644600006 ER PT J AU Tamminga, C Chuang, I Regis, D Mendoza-Silveiras, J Epstein, JE Parekh, F Reyes, S Steinbeiss, V Fedders, C Maiolatesi, S Smith, K Williams, F Sedegah, M Doolan, DL Limbach, K Patterson, NB Spring, M Bruder, JT King, CR Soisson, L Diggs, C Ockenhouse, CF Richie, T AF Tamminga, Cindy Chuang, Ilin Regis, David Mendoza-Silveiras, Jose Epstein, Judith E. Parekh, Falgunee Reyes, Sharina Steinbeiss, Victoria Fedders, Charlotte Maiolatesi, Santina Smith, Kathryn Williams, Francis Sedegah, Martha Doolan, Denise L. Limbach, Keith Patterson, Noelle B. Spring, Michele Bruder, Joseph T. King, C. R. Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter Ockenhouse, Christian F. Richie, Thomas TI SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY OF A MULTI-STAGE, MULTI-ANTIGEN ADENOVIRUS-VECTORED PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA VACCINE, IN HEALTHY, MALARIA-NAIVE ADULTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Tamminga, Cindy; Chuang, Ilin; Regis, David; Mendoza-Silveiras, Jose; Epstein, Judith E.; Parekh, Falgunee; Reyes, Sharina; Steinbeiss, Victoria; Fedders, Charlotte; Maiolatesi, Santina; Smith, Kathryn; Sedegah, Martha; Doolan, Denise L.; Limbach, Keith; Patterson, Noelle B.; Spring, Michele; Ockenhouse, Christian F.; Richie, Thomas] Naval Med Res Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Williams, Francis] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Bruder, Joseph T.; King, C. R.] GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 7 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644600008 ER PT J AU Sheth, AN Russo, ET Menon, M Kudzala, AC Kelly, JD Weinger, M Sebunya, K Masuku, H Wannemuehler, K Quick, R AF Sheth, Anandi N. Russo, Elizabeth T. Menon, Manoj Kudzala, Amose C. Kelly, John D. Weinger, Merri Sebunya, Kiwe Masuku, Humphreys Wannemuehler, Kathleen Quick, Rob TI SUCCESSFUL PROMOTION OF WATER TREATMENT AND HAND HYGIENE THROUGH A PILOT CLINIC-BASED INTERVENTION FOR PREGNANT WOMEN SEEKING ANTENATAL CARE: MALAWI, MAY 2007-MARCH 2008 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Sheth, Anandi N.; Russo, Elizabeth T.; Menon, Manoj; Kelly, John D.; Wannemuehler, Kathleen; Quick, Rob] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kudzala, Amose C.; Sebunya, Kiwe] United Nations Childrens Fund, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Weinger, Merri] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Masuku, Humphreys] Govt Malawi Minist Hlth, Lilongwe, Malawi. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 16 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644600017 ER PT J AU Thera, MA Doumbo, OK Coulibaly, D Laurens, MB Kone, AK Guindo, AB Diallo, DA Traore, K Diarra, I Niangaly, A Dolo, A Daou, M Sissoko, M Sissoko, MS Kouriba, B Traore, D Lyke, KE Takala, SL Godeaux, O Diggs, C Dutta, S Stewart, VA House, B Heppner, DG Plowe, CV Cohen, J Ballou, WR Thonnard, J Dubois, MC Soisson, L Ware, LA Lanar, DE AF Thera, Mahamadou A. Doumbo, Ogobara K. Coulibaly, Drissa Laurens, Matthew B. Kone, Abdoulaye K. Guindo, Ando B. Diallo, Dapa A. Traore, Karim Diarra, Issa Niangaly, Amadou Dolo, Amagana Daou, Modibo Sissoko, Mady Sissoko, Mahamadou S. Kouriba, Bourema Traore, Drissa Lyke, Kirsten E. Takala, Shannon L. Godeaux, Olivier Diggs, Carter Dutta, Sheetij Stewart, V. Ann House, Brent Heppner, D. Gray Plowe, Christopher V. Cohen, Joe Ballou, W. Ripley Thonnard, Joelle Dubois, Marie-Claude Soisson, Lorraine Ware, Lisa A. Lanar, David E. TI RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED, PHASE 2B CLINICAL TRIAL TO EVALUATE THE SAFETY, IMMUNOGENICITY AND EFFICACY OF WALTER REED ARMY INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH'S AMA-1 MALARIA VACCINE (FMP2.1) ADJUVANTED IN GSK BIOLOGICALS' AS02 VS. RABIES VACCINE IN 1-6 YEAR OLD CHILDREN IN BANDIAGARA, MALI SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Thera, Mahamadou A.; Doumbo, Ogobara K.; Coulibaly, Drissa; Kone, Abdoulaye K.; Guindo, Ando B.; Diallo, Dapa A.; Traore, Karim; Diarra, Issa; Niangaly, Amadou; Dolo, Amagana; Daou, Modibo; Sissoko, Mady; Sissoko, Mahamadou S.; Kouriba, Bourema; Traore, Drissa] Univ Bamako, Fac Med, Bamako, Mali. [Laurens, Matthew B.; Lyke, Kirsten E.; Takala, Shannon L.; Plowe, Christopher V.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Godeaux, Olivier; Cohen, Joe; Ballou, W. Ripley; Dubois, Marie-Claude] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. [Diggs, Carter] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Dutta, Sheetij; Stewart, V. Ann; House, Brent; Heppner, D. Gray; Ware, Lisa A.; Lanar, David E.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 25 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644600026 ER PT J AU Thwing, JI Mihigo, J Pataca, AF Saute, F Ferreira, C Fortes, F Ponce-de-Leon, G de Oliveira, AM Newman, R AF Thwing, Julie I. Mihigo, Jules Pataca, Alexandra F. Saute, Francisco Ferreira, Carolina Fortes, Filomeno Ponce-de-Leon, Gabriel Macedo de Oliveira, Alexandre Newman, Robert TI HEALTH FACILITY-BASED ASSESSMENT OF THE BURDEN OF MALARIA IN LUANDA, ANGOLA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Thwing, Julie I.; Mihigo, Jules; Ponce-de-Leon, Gabriel; Macedo de Oliveira, Alexandre; Newman, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pataca, Alexandra F.] Direccao Prov Saude, Luanda, Angola. [Saute, Francisco] US Agcy Int Dev, Luanda, Angola. [Ferreira, Carolina] Inst Nacl Saude Publ, Luanda, Angola. [Fortes, Filomeno] Natl Malaria Control Program, Luanda, Angola. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 SU S MA 71 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644600072 ER PT J AU Jima, D Hwang, J Getachew, A Bilak, H Shargie, EB Gebre, T Fentie, G Wolkon, A Filler, S Reithinger, R Emerson, PM Encleshaw, T Mosher, AW Richards, FO Tenaw, E Yohannes, AM Gausi, K Miller, J Robb-McCord, J Steketee, R Graves, PM Tadesse, Z Ghebreyesus, TA AF Jima, Daddi Hwang, Jimee Getachew, Asefaw Bilak, Hana Shargie, Estifanos Biru Gebre, Teshome Fentie, Gashu Wolkon, Adam Filler, Scott Reithinger, Richard Emerson, Paul M. Encleshaw, Tekola Mosher, Aryc W. Richards, Frank O. Tenaw, Eskindir Yohannes, Ambachew M. Gausi, Khoti Miller, John Robb-McCord, Judith Steketee, Richard Graves, Patricia M. Tadesse, Zerihun Ghebreyesus, Tedros Adhanom TI ACHIEVEMENTS IN MALARIA CONTROL IN ETHIOPIA: RESULTS FROM MALARIA INDICATOR SURVEY, 2007 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Jima, Daddi; Tadesse, Zerihun] Minist Hlth, Dis Prevent & Control Dept, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hwang, Jimee; Wolkon, Adam; Filler, Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Getachew, Asefaw; Shargie, Estifanos Biru; Gebre, Teshome; Fentie, Gashu; Encleshaw, Tekola] Carter Ctr, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Bilak, Hana; Miller, John; Robb-McCord, Judith; Steketee, Richard] PATH, Malaria Control & Evaluat Partnership Afr, Seattle, WA USA. [Reithinger, Richard; Emerson, Paul M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Mosher, Aryc W.; Richards, Frank O.; Graves, Patricia M.] Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Tenaw, Eskindir] Cent Stat Agcy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Yohannes, Ambachew M.] WHO, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Gausi, Khoti] WHO, Harare, Zimbabwe. RI Graves, Patricia/J-8691-2014 OI Graves, Patricia/0000-0002-5215-3901 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 216 BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644600217 ER PT J AU Londono, BL Eisele, TP Keating, JA Benett, A Chattopadhyay, C Mack, B Vely, JF Disinor, O Krogstad, DJ AF Londono, Berlin L. Eisele, Thomas P. Keating, Joseph A. Benett, Adam Chattopadhyay, Chandon Mack, Brian Vely, Jean Francois Disinor, Olbeg Krogstad, Donald J. TI MOLECULAR EVIDENCE FOR CHLOROQUINE-RESISTANT PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM IN HAITI SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Londono, Berlin L.; Eisele, Thomas P.; Keating, Joseph A.; Benett, Adam; Mack, Brian; Krogstad, Donald J.] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Chattopadhyay, Chandon] Swiss Trop Inst, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. [Vely, Jean Francois] Hop Albert Schweitzer, Deschapelles, Haiti. [Disinor, Olbeg] US Agcy Int Dev, Minist Hlth & US Agcy, Port Au Prince, Haiti. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 592 BP 175 EP 175 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644600591 ER PT J AU McGrath, S Cummings, J Kortepeter, M Nielsen, R Tierney, E Ware, L Ofori-Anyinam, O Dutta, S Lanar, D Sedegah, M Kester, K Malkin, E Diggs, C Soisson, L Dubois, MC Ballou, R Cohen, J Krzych, U Ockenhouse, C Heppner, G Spring, M AF McGrath, Shannon Cummings, James Kortepeter, Mark Nielsen, Robin Tierney, Ev Ware, Lisa Ofori-Anyinam, Opokua Dutta, Sheetij Lanar, David Sedegah, Martha Kester, Kent Malkin, Elissa Diggs, Carter Soisson, Lorraine Dubois, Marie-Claude Ballou, Ripley Cohen, Joe Krzych, Urszula Ockenhouse, Chris Heppner, Gray Spring, Michele TI MULTI-FUNCTIONAL T-CELL RESPONSES INDUCED BY THE AS01 OR AS02 ADJUVANTED MALARIA VACCINE CANDIDATE APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1 (AMA-1) ADMINISTERED TO MALARIA-NAIVE ADULTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [McGrath, Shannon; Cummings, James; Nielsen, Robin; Ware, Lisa; Dutta, Sheetij; Lanar, David; Sedegah, Martha; Krzych, Urszula; Ockenhouse, Chris; Heppner, Gray; Spring, Michele] US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kortepeter, Mark] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Tierney, Ev; Malkin, Elissa] PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiat, Bethesda, MD USA. [Ofori-Anyinam, Opokua; Dubois, Marie-Claude; Cohen, Joe] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. [Kester, Kent] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Diggs, Carter; Soisson, Lorraine] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Ballou, Ripley] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. RI Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011; Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 646 BP 191 EP 191 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644601011 ER PT J AU Spring, M Bergmann-Leitner, E James, C House, B Krzych, U Tosh, D Miller, L Ware, L Godeaux, O Dubois, MC Lyons, J Ballou, R Soisson, L Diggs, C Cohen, J Heppner, G Ockenhouse, C Angov, E AF Spring, Michele Bergmann-Leitner, Elke James, Cummings House, Brent Krzych, Urszula Tosh, Donna Miller, Lori Ware, Lisa Godeaux, Olivier Dubois, Marie-Claude Lyons, Jeffrey Ballou, Ripley Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter Cohen, Joe Heppner, Gray Ockenhouse, Chris Angov, Evelina TI PHASE 1A OPEN-LABEL DOSE ESCALATION STUDY TO EVALUATE THE SAFETY, REACTOGENICITY, AND IMMUNOGENICITY OF THE CANDIDATE PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1 (MSP-1(42)) ADMINISTERED INTRAMUSCULARLY WITH GSK BIOLOGICALS' ADJUVANT SYSTEM AS01B IN HEALTHY MALARIA-NAIVE ADULTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Spring, Michele; Bergmann-Leitner, Elke; James, Cummings; House, Brent; Krzych, Urszula; Tosh, Donna; Ware, Lisa; Heppner, Gray; Ockenhouse, Chris; Angov, Evelina] US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Miller, Lori; Lyons, Jeffrey] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Godeaux, Olivier; Dubois, Marie-Claude; Cohen, Joe] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. [Ballou, Ripley] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/B-3548-2011 OI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/0000-0002-8571-8956 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 SU S MA 647 BP 191 EP 192 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644601012 ER PT J AU Bukirwa, HF Yau, V Kigozi, R Quick, L Lugemwa, M Dissanayake, G Staedke, SG Kamya, MR Wabwire-Mangen, F Dorsey, G AF Bukirwa, Hasifa F. Yau, Vincent Kigozi, Ruth Quick, Linda Lugemwa, Myers Dissanayake, Gunawardena Staedke, Sarah G. Kamya, Moses R. Wabwire-Mangen, Fred Dorsey, Grant TI ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING ON MALARIA INDICATORS USING A SENTINEL SITE SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM IN WESTERN UGANDA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Bukirwa, Hasifa F.; Kigozi, Ruth] Uganda Malaria Surveillance Project, Kampala, Uganda. [Yau, Vincent] Univ Calif, Berkeley, CA USA. [Quick, Linda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lugemwa, Myers] Uganda Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. [Dissanayake, Gunawardena] US Agcy Int Dev, Kampala, Uganda. [Staedke, Sarah G.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. [Wabwire-Mangen, Fred] Makerere Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. [Dorsey, Grant] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 816 BP 241 EP 241 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644601181 ER PT J AU Kifude, CM Stewart, A Diggs, C Waitumbi, JN AF Kifude, Carolyne M. Stewart, Ann Diggs, Carter Waitumbi, John N. TI PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM HISTIDINE-RICH PROTEIN 2 ELISA FOR USE IN MALARIA INTERVENTION TRIALS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Kifude, Carolyne M.; Stewart, Ann; Waitumbi, John N.] Walter Reed Project KEMRI, Kisumu, Kenya. [Diggs, Carter] US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 965 BP 283 EP 284 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644601330 ER PT J AU Tucker, K Diggs, C Heppner, DG Malkin, E Ockenhouse, CF Ogutu, BR Polhemus, ME Soisson, LA Withers, MR Wittes, J AF Tucker, Kathryn Diggs, Carter Heppner, D. Gray Malkin, Elissa Ockenhouse, Christian F. Ogutu, Bernhards R. Polhemus, Mark E. Soisson, Lorraine A. Withers, Mark R. Wittes, Janet TI MALARIA SLIDE-READING FOR QUANTITATION OF PARASITEMIA IN MALARIA INTERVENTION TRIALS: A BETTER TRANSITION POINT FROM THICK TO THIN FILMS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Tucker, Kathryn; Wittes, Janet] Stat Collaborat Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Diggs, Carter; Soisson, Lorraine A.] US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Heppner, D. Gray; Ockenhouse, Christian F.; Polhemus, Mark E.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Malaria Vaccine Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Malkin, Elissa] PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiat, Bethesda, MD USA. [Ogutu, Bernhards R.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, US Army Med Res Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [Ogutu, Bernhards R.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Clin Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Withers, Mark R.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Med, Operat Med Dept, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 969 BP 285 EP 285 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644601334 ER PT J AU Arrospide, N Gutierrez, S Marquino, W Ruebush, TK AF Arrospide, Nancy Gutierrez, Sonia Marquino, Wilmer Ruebush, Trent K. TI THE FREQUENCY OF DRUG RESISTANCE MUTATIONS IN DHFR, DHPS, AND PFCRT, ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF PERU SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Arrospide, Nancy; Gutierrez, Sonia] NIH, Lima, Peru. [Marquino, Wilmer] Org Panamer Salud, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Ruebush, Trent K.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 1026 BP 301 EP 302 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644601390 ER PT J AU Sedegah, M McGrath, S Regis, D Chuang, I Ganeshan, H Abot, S Banania, G Manohar, N Doolan, D Limbach, K House, B Aguiarl, J Long, C Bruder, J King, C Patterson, N Tamminga, C Epstein, J Mendoza-Silveiras, J Williams, F Soisson, L Diggs, C Ockenhouse, C Richie, T AF Sedegah, Martha McGrath, Shannon Regis, David Chuang, Ilin Ganeshan, Harini Abot, Stephen Banania, Glena Manohar, Nalini Doolan, Denise Limbach, Keith House, Brent Aguiarl, Joao Long, Carole Bruder, Joseph King, Christopher Patterson, Noelle Tamminga, Cindy Epstein, Judith Mendoza-Silveiras, Jose Williams, Frank Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter Ockenhouse, Christopher Richie, Thomas TI IMMUNOGENICITY OF TWO DOSES OF A MULTI-STAGE, MULTI-ANTIGEN ADENOVIRUS-VECTORED PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA VACCINE IN A PHASE 1 TRIAL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Sedegah, Martha; Regis, David; Chuang, Ilin; Ganeshan, Harini; Abot, Stephen; Banania, Glena; Manohar, Nalini; Doolan, Denise; Limbach, Keith; House, Brent; Aguiarl, Joao; Patterson, Noelle; Tamminga, Cindy; Epstein, Judith; Richie, Thomas] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [McGrath, Shannon; Ockenhouse, Christopher] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Long, Carole] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Bruder, Joseph; King, Christopher] GenVec, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Williams, Frank] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 1034 BP 304 EP 304 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644601398 ER PT J AU Thera, MA Doumbo, OK Coulibaly, D Laurens, MB Kone, AK Guindo, AB Diallo, DA Traore, K Diarra, I Niangaly, A Dolo, A Daou, M Sissoko, M Sagara, I Sissoko, MS Kouriba, B Lyke, KE Takala, SL Godeaux, O Soisson, L Lanar, DE Dutta, S House, B Heppner, DG Plowe, CV Baby, M Thonnard, J Leach, A Dubois, MC Cohen, J Ballou, WR Diggs, C Ware, LA Cummings, JF Stewart, VA AF Thera, Mahamadou A. Doumbo, Ogobara K. Coulibaly, Drissa Laurens, Matthew B. Kone, Abdoulaye K. Guindo, Ando B. Diallo, Dapa A. Traore, Karim Diarra, Issa Niangaly, Amadou Dolo, Amagana Daou, Modibo Sissoko, Mady Sagara, Issaka Sissoko, Mahamadou S. Kouriba, Bourema Lyke, Kirsten E. Takala, Shannon L. Godeaux, Olivier Soisson, Lorraine Lanar, David E. Dutta, Sheetij House, Brent Heppner, D. Gray Plowe, Christopher V. Baby, Mounirou Thonnard, Joelle Leach, Amanda Dubois, Marie-Claude Cohen, Joe Ballou, W. Ripley Diggs, Carter Ware, Lisa A. Cummings, James F. Stewart, V. Ann TI RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED, DOSE ESCALATION PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL TO EVALUATE THE SAFETY AND IMMUNOGENICITY OF WALTER REED ARMY INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH'S AMA-1 MALARIA VACCINE (FMP2.1) ADJUVANTED IN GSK BIOLOGICALS' AS02 VS. RABIES VACCINE IN 1-6 YEAR OLD CHILDREN IN BANDIAGARA, MALI SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Thera, Mahamadou A.; Doumbo, Ogobara K.; Coulibaly, Drissa; Kone, Abdoulaye K.; Guindo, Ando B.; Diallo, Dapa A.; Traore, Karim; Diarra, Issa; Niangaly, Amadou; Dolo, Amagana; Daou, Modibo; Sissoko, Mady; Sagara, Issaka; Sissoko, Mahamadou S.; Kouriba, Bourema; Baby, Mounirou] Univ Bamako, Fac Med, Bamako, Mali. [Laurens, Matthew B.; Lyke, Kirsten E.; Takala, Shannon L.; Plowe, Christopher V.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Godeaux, Olivier; Leach, Amanda; Dubois, Marie-Claude; Cohen, Joe; Ballou, W. Ripley] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Lanar, David E.; Dutta, Sheetij; House, Brent; Heppner, D. Gray; Ware, Lisa A.; Cummings, James F.; Stewart, V. Ann] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 1036 BP 304 EP 305 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644601400 ER PT J AU Zavaleta, E Miller, DC Salafsky, N Fleishman, E Webster, M Gold, B Hulse, D Rowen, M Tabor, G Vanderryn, J AF Zavaleta, Erika Miller, Daniel C. Salafsky, Nick Fleishman, Erica Webster, Michael Gold, Barry Hulse, David Rowen, Mary Tabor, Gary Vanderryn, Jack TI Enhancing the Engagement of the U.S. Private Foundations with Conservation Science SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation donor; conservation finance; conservation funding; conservation investment; conservation science; philanthropy AB Funding for conservation is limited, and its investment for maximum conservation gain can likely be enhanced through the application of relevant science. Many donor institutions support and use science to pursue conservation goals, but their activities remain relatively unfamiliar to the conservation-science community. We examined the priorities and practices of U.S.-based private foundations that support biodiversity conservation. We surveyed 50 donor members of the Consultative Group on Biological Diversity (CGBD) to address three questions: (1) What support do CGBD members provide for conservation science ? (2) How do CGBD members use conservation science in their grant making and strategic thinking ? (3) How do CGBD members obtain information about conservation science ? The 38 donor institutions that responded to the survey made $340 million in grants for conservation in 2005, including $62 million for conservation science. Individual foundations varied substantially in the proportion of conservation funds allocated to science. Foundations also varied in the ways and degree to which they used conservation science to guide their grant making. Respondents found it "somewhat difficult" to stay informed about conservation science relevant to their work, reporting that they accessed conservation science information mainly through their grantees. Many funders reported concerns about the strategic utility of funding conservation science to achieve conservation gains. To increase investment by private foundations in conservation science, funders, researchers, and conservation practitioners need to jointly identify when and how new scientific knowledge will lower barriers to conservation gains. We envision an evolving relationship between funders and conservation scientists that emphasizes primary research and synthesis motivated by (1) applicability, (2) human-ecosystem interactions, (3) active engagement among scientists and decision makers, and (4) broader communication of relevant scientific information. C1 [Zavaleta, Erika] Christensen Fund, Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA. [Zavaleta, Erika] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Miller, Daniel C.; Hulse, David] John D & Catherine T MacArthur Fdn, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Salafsky, Nick] Fdn Success, Bethesda, MD 20816 USA. [Fleishman, Erica] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Webster, Michael; Gold, Barry] Gordon & Betty Moore Fdn, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. [Rowen, Mary] US Agcy Int Dev, USAID, EGAT, NRM, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Tabor, Gary] Wilburforce Fdn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Vanderryn, Jack] Moriah Fund, Washington, DC 20006 USA. RP Zavaleta, E (reprint author), Christensen Fund, 394 Univ Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA. EM zavaleta@ucsc.edu FU Jenifer Altman Foundation; Bullitt Foundation; Compton Foundation, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation; Edgerton Foundation; Environment Now, Flintridge Foundation; Garfield Foundation; George Gund Foundation; Harder Foundation; Heinz Endowments; Hewlett Foundation; Ivey Foundation; Lyndhurst Foundation; Marisla Foundation; Kendall Foundation; John Merck Fund; The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; C. S. Mott Foundation; Curtis and Edith Munson Foundation; Oak Foundation; The David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Pew Charitable Trusts; V. Kann Rasmussen Foundation; The Summit Foundation; Surdna Foundation; Tides Foundation; Town Creek Foundation; Emily Hall Tremaine Foundation; Turner Foundation; Wallace Global Fund; Wilburforce Foundation; Winslow Foundation; 444S Foundation FX We thank L. Lohr, W. Hull, and their staff at the CGBD for sponsoring this project. We thank K. Wilson for moderating the symposium at the 2006 annual meeting of the Society for Conservation Biology, where these results were first presented, and audience members from that session for their comments and questions. The views expressed here are the authors' and do not necessarily represent those of their home institutions. Finally, we thank our survey respondents from the following foundations: Agua Fund, Jenifer Altman Foundation, Bullitt Foundation, The Christensen Fund, Compton Foundation, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, Edgerton Foundation, Environment Now, Flintridge Foundation, Garfield Foundation, George Gund Foundation, Harder Foundation, Heinz Endowments, Hewlett Foundation, Ivey Foundation, Lyndhurst Foundation, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Marisla Foundation, Kendall Foundation, John Merck Fund, The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, C. S. Mott Foundation, Curtis and Edith Munson Foundation, Oak Foundation, The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Pew Charitable Trusts, V. Kann Rasmussen Foundation, Rockefeller Brothers Fund, The Summit Foundation, Surdna Foundation, Tides Foundation, Town Creek Foundation, Emily Hall Tremaine Foundation, Turner Foundation, Wallace Global Fund, Wilburforce Foundation, Winslow Foundation, 444S Foundation. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1477 EP 1484 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01046.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 379KS UT WOS:000261395700023 PM 18847442 ER PT J AU Yeh, J Brandes, N AF Yeh, John Brandes, Neal TI POLICY MAKING TO IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 [Yeh, John] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. [Yeh, John; Brandes, Neal] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Yeh, J (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, 219 Bryant St, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. EM jyeh@buffalo.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2008 VL 98 IS 11 BP 1930 EP 1930 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2008.144709 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 368LP UT WOS:000260622900005 PM 18799760 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD Stanton, DL AF Shelton, James D. Stanton, David L. TI Source of new infections in generalised HIV epidemics SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID COUPLES; ZAMBIA C1 [Shelton, James D.; Stanton, David L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM JShelton@USAID.G0V NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 11 PY 2008 VL 372 IS 9646 BP 1299 EP 1299 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61545-7 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 360MB UT WOS:000260060500020 PM 18929899 ER PT J AU Vreeman, RC Wiehe, SE Ayaya, SO Musick, BS Nyandiko, WM AF Vreeman, Rachel C. Wiehe, Sarah E. Ayaya, Samwel O. Musick, Beverly S. Nyandiko, Winstone M. TI Association of antiretroviral and clinic adherence with orphan status among HIV-infected children in Western Kenya SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE adherence; antiretroviral therapy; ART; HIV; AIDS; orphan; pediatrics ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HIV-1-INFECTED CHILDREN; MEDICATION ADHERENCE; TREATMENT PROGRAM; COTE-DIVOIRE; THERAPY; EXPERIENCE; HEALTH; OUTCOMES AB Background: Pediatric adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not well studied in resource-limited settings. Reported ART adherence may be influenced by contextual factors, such as orphan status. kept all scheduled clinic appointments. Understanding contextual factors, Such as orphan status, will strengthen adherence interventions. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe self- and proxy-reported pediatric ART adherence in a resource-limited population and to investigate associated contextual factors. Patients and Method: This was a retrospective Study involving pediatric. HIV-infected patients in Western Kenya. We included patients aged 0-14 years, who were on ART and had at least I adherence measurement ( N = 1516). We performed logistic regression to assess the association between orphan status and odds of imperfect adherence, adjusting for sex, age, clinic site, number of adherence measures, and ART duration, stratified by age and ART duration. Results: Of the 1516 children, only 33% had both parents living when they started ART. Twenty-one percent had only father dead, 28% had only mother dead, and 18% had both parents dead. Twenty-nine percent reported imperfect ART adherence. The odds of ART nonadherence increase for children with both parents dead. Fifty-seven percent of children had imperfect clinic adherence. There was no significant association between orphan status and imperfect clinic adherence. Conclusions: The majority of pediatric patients in this resource-limited setting maintained perfect ART adherence, though only half kept all scheduled clinic appointments. Understanding contextual factors, Such as orphan status, will strengthen adherence interventions. C1 [Vreeman, Rachel C.; Wiehe, Sarah E.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Hlth Serv Res, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Vreeman, Rachel C.; Wiehe, Sarah E.] Regenstrief Inst Inc, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Ayaya, Samwel O.; Nyandiko, Winstone M.] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Dept Child Hlth & Paediat, Eldoret, Kenya. [Musick, Beverly S.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Biostat, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Vreeman, Rachel C.; Wiehe, Sarah E.; Ayaya, Samwel O.; Musick, Beverly S.; Nyandiko, Winstone M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Acad Model Prevent & Treatment HIV AIDS Partnersh, Eldoret, Kenya. RP Vreeman, RC (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Hlth Serv Res, Hlth Informat & Translat Sci Bldg,Room 1020,W 10t, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM rvreeman@iupui.edu FU United States Agency for International Development FX This research was supported in part by a grant to the USAID-AMP4TH Partnership from the United States Agency for International Development as part of the President Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. The authors give special thanks to the families and to the health care providers of AMPATH, including the nurses, clinicians, and pharmacy staff, all of whom work tirelessly to ensure that the children of Western Kenya receive the medications they need. In particular, we would like to thank Dr. Esther Nabakwe, Dr. Constance Tenge, Dr. Peter Gisore, and the other members of the AMPATH Pediatric Research Working Group. We also thank Dr Constantin Yiannoutsos for his biostatistical guidance. NR 61 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318183a996 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 353SB UT WOS:000259587400008 PM 18769353 ER PT J AU Chanda, E Masaninga, F Coleman, M Sikaala, C Katebe, C MacDonald, M Baboo, KS Govere, J Manga, L AF Chanda, Emmanuel Masaninga, Fred Coleman, Michael Sikaala, Chadwick Katebe, Cecilia MacDonald, Michael Baboo, Kumar S. Govere, John Manga, Lucien TI Integrated vector management: The Zambian experience SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Background: The Zambian Malaria Control Programme with the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) partners have developed the current National Malaria Strategic Plan (NMSP 2006 -2011) which focuses on prevention based on the Integrated Vector Management (IVM) strategy. The introduction and implementation of an IVM strategy was planned in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) steps towards IVM implementation namely Introduction Phase, Consolidation Phase and Expansion Phase. Achievements: IVM has created commitment for Legal and Regulatory policy review, monitoring, Research and a strong stewardship by the chemical suppliers. It has also leveraged additional resources, improved inter-sectoral collaboration, capacity building and enhanced community participation which facilitated a steady scaling up in coverage and utilisation of key preventive interventions. Thus, markedly reducing malaria incidence and case fatalities in the country. Conclusion: Zambia has successfully introduced, consolidated and expanded IVM activities. Resulting in increased coverage and utilization of interventions and markedly reducing malaria-related morbidity and mortality while ensuring a better protection of the environment. C1 [Chanda, Emmanuel; Sikaala, Chadwick; Katebe, Cecilia] Minist Hlth, Natl Malaria Control Programme, Lusaka, Zambia. [Masaninga, Fred] World Hlth Org, WHO Country Off, Yemen, Zambia. [Coleman, Michael] MRC, Durban, South Africa. [MacDonald, Michael] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Baboo, Kumar S.] Univ Zambia, Sch Med, Lusaka, Zambia. [Govere, John] World Hlth Org, WHO ICST, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Manga, Lucien] World Hlth Org, WHO AFRO, Brazzaville, Congo. [Coleman, Michael] Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. RP Chanda, E (reprint author), Minist Hlth, Natl Malaria Control Programme, Lusaka, Zambia. EM emmanuel_chanda@yahoo.co.uk; masaningaf@zm.afro.who.int; Michael.Coleman@mrc.ac.za; chsikaala@yahoo.co.uk; ceciliakatebe@yahoo.co.uk; mmacdonald@usaid.gov; Sridutt2001@yahoo.com; goverej@zw.afro.who.int; mangal@afro.who.int OI Coleman, Michael/0000-0003-4186-3526 NR 40 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD AUG 27 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 164 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-7-164 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 351NK UT WOS:000259430800001 PM 18752658 ER PT J AU Vreeman, RC Wiehe, SE Pearce, EC Nvandiko, WM AF Vreeman, Rachel C. Wiehe, Sarah E. Pearce, Emily C. Nvandiko, Winstone M. TI A systematic review of pediatric adherence to antiretroviral therapy in low- and middle-income countries SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE adherence; antiretroviral therapy; ART; human immunodeficiency virus; HIV; pediatrics; measurement ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HIV-1-INFECTED CHILDREN; CLINICAL MANAGEMENT; TREATMENT PROGRAM; IMPROVED SURVIVAL; RECOMMENDATIONS; OUTCOMES; EXPERIENCE AB Background: Sustaining antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence requires accurate, consistent monitoring, a particular challenge for low-income countries. The optimal strategy to measure pediatric adherence remains unclear. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of pediatric ART adherence measurement techniques, adherence estimates, and clinical correlates in low-and middle-income countries to inform ART adherence monitoring. Methods: We searched online bibliographic databases, including MEDLINE and EMBASE, using systematic criteria. Two reviewers selected all descriptive or interventional studies involving nonpregnant, HIV-positive individuals <= 18 years old that measured ART adherence in low- or middle-income countries as defined by World Bank criteria. Data were extracted regarding sample characteristics, study setting, measurement strategy, adherence estimate, and adherence correlates. Results: The search yielded 1566 titles, of which 17 met selection criteria. Adherence measurement strategies included self- or proxy-report measures (14 studies), pill counts (4 studies), pharmacy records, drug levels, clinic adherence, and directly observed therapy (1 study each). The self- or proxy-report measures were heterogeneous, and few employed validation strategies. Caregiver-reported adherence was generally higher than self-report estimates. Pill counts revealed lower adherence estimates. Estimates of ART adherence ranged from 49% to 100%, with 76% of articles reporting > 75% adherence. Factors related to family structure, socioeconomic status, disclosure, and medication regimen were all significantly associated with ART adherence. Conclusions: Pediatric HIV care programs in low- and middle-income countries use heterogeneous methods to measure ART adherence. Adherence estimates vary substantially, but most studies from low- and middle-income countries report > 75% adherence, whereas most studies from high-income countries report < 75% adherence. C1 [Vreeman, Rachel C.; Wiehe, Sarah E.; Pearce, Emily C.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hlth Serv Res, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Wiehe, Sarah E.] Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Nvandiko, Winstone M.] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Eldoret 30100, Kenya. [Vreeman, Rachel C.; Nvandiko, Winstone M.] USAID, Acad Model Prevent & Treatment HIV AIDS Partnersh, Eldoret, Kenya. RP Vreeman, RC (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hlth Serv Res, Suite 1020,410 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM rvreeman@iupui.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [K23 MH087225] NR 45 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 8 BP 686 EP 691 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e31816dd325 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 334GA UT WOS:000258209100003 PM 18574439 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, James D. TI Counselling and testing for HIV prevention SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR; UGANDA; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; REDUCTION; THAILAND; AFRICA; IMPACT; RAKAI C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 372 IS 9635 BP 273 EP 275 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61091-0 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 331WH UT WOS:000258042800010 PM 18657694 ER PT J AU Kifude, CM Rajasekariah, HG Sullivan, DJ Stewart, VA Angov, E Martin, SK Diggs, CL Waitumbi, JN AF Kifude, Carolyne M. Rajasekariah, Halli G. Sullivan, David J., Jr. Stewart, V. Ann Angov, Evelina Martin, Samuel K. Diggs, Carter L. Waitumbi, John N. TI Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 in blood, plasma, and serum SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPID DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; MALARIA PARASITES; MICROSCOPY; ELISA; MISDIAGNOSIS; EFFICACY; CULTURE; PFHRP2; PLDH AB Microscopy, the gold standard for the detection and quantification of malaria parasites in blood, is in many aspects deficient for this purpose. The method is poorly reproducible and can be inaccurate because Plasmodium falciparum parasites sequester for a portion of each asexual cycle. Due to these deficiencies, biomarkers such as P. falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) are increasingly being used. In this study, we evaluated the use of a commercial PfHRP2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit with some procedural modifications. We determined the linear range of the assay, including the lower limits of detection and quantitation, using recombinant PfHRP2 (rPfHRP2). In 10 repeat experiments, the linear range of optical densities (ODs) at 450 to 650 nm was from 0.05 +/- 0.002 to 2.28 +/- 0.042,corresponding to 3.91 to 250 ng/ml of rPfHRP2. The coefficient of variation (CV) at each target concentration ranged from 1.93 to 8.07%. Using cultured parasites, we confirmed the linear range of ODs as well as the association between the PfHRP2 ELISA results and the microscopic parasite densities. For whole-blood samples spiked with cultured, washed, ring-stage-infected red blood cells (iRBCs), the linear range was 11.7 to 750 iRBCs/mu l, with CVs of 0.29 to 7.56%. The same spiked samples evaluated by microscopists had similar sensitivities, but the CVs were unacceptably high (20.7 to 161.6%). Stock rPfHRP2 was stable through four freeze-thaw cycles (P < 0.05; paired t test). When different patient sample types at different concentrations within the linear range of the assay are compared, the recoveries of PfHRP2 from blood and serum were within +/- 20%, whereas the recoveries from plasma ranged between + 35 and -41%. We conclude that PfHRP2 ELISA using whole-blood and serum samples is a suitable adjunct to microscopy and could ultimately benefit malaria intervention trials. C1 [Kifude, Carolyne M.; Stewart, V. Ann; Martin, Samuel K.; Waitumbi, John N.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Walter Reed Project, Kisumu 00621, Kenya. [Rajasekariah, Halli G.] Cellabs Pty Ltd, Brookvale, NSW 2001, Australia. [Sullivan, David J., Jr.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Angov, Evelina] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Malaria Vaccine Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Diggs, Carter L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Waitumbi, JN (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Walter Reed Project, United Nations Ave Gigiri,Village Market, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. EM jwaitumbi@wrp-ksm.org FU Malaria Vaccine Development Program; United States Agency for International Development FX This work was supported by a grant from the Malaria Vaccine Development Program, United States Agency for International Development. We thank Douglas Walsh for critical review of the manuscript. This work is published with the permission of the Director, Kenya Medical Research Institute.; The material has been reviewed by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. There is no objection to its presentation and/ or publication. The opinions or assertions contained herein are our private views and are not to be construed as official, or as reflecting true views, of the U. S. Department of the Army or the U. S. Department of Defense. NR 31 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1012 EP 1018 DI 10.1128/CVI.00385-07 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 340TD UT WOS:000258667000016 PM 18367583 ER PT J AU Arrive, E Kyabayinze, DJ Marquis, B Tumwesigye, N Kieffer, MP Azondekon, A Wemin, L Fassinou, P Newell, ML Leroy, V Abrams, EJ Cotton, M Boulle, A Mbori-Ngacha, D Dabis, F AF Arrive, Elise Kyabayinze, Daniel J. Marquis, Benoit Tumwesigye, Nathan Kieffer, Mary-Pat Azondekon, Alain Wemin, Louise Fassinou, Patricia Newell, Marie-Louise Leroy, Valeriane Abrams, Elaine J. Cotton, Mark Boulle, Andrew Mbori-Ngacha, Dorothy Dabis, Francois CA KIDS-ART-LINC Collaborat TI Cohort Profile: The Paediatric Antiretroviral Treatment Programmes in Lower-Income Countries (KIDS-ART-LINC) Collaboration SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; THERAPY; HIV; OUTCOMES; SETTINGS C1 [Arrive, Elise; Marquis, Benoit; Leroy, Valeriane; Dabis, Francois] Univ Bordeaux 2, INSERM, ISPED, U593, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. [Kyabayinze, Daniel J.; Tumwesigye, Nathan; Mbori-Ngacha, Dorothy] ANECCA, Kampala, Uganda. [Kieffer, Mary-Pat] USAID, Nairobi, Kenya. [Azondekon, Alain] HIA, VIH UPEIV, Cotonou, Benin. [Wemin, Louise] CEPREF Enfants, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Fassinou, Patricia] Ctr Hosp Univ Yopougon, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Newell, Marie-Louise] UCL, Ctr Paediat Epidemiol & Biostat, Inst Child Hlth, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Newell, Marie-Louise] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Africa Ctr Hlth & Populat Studies, Somkhele, South Africa. [Abrams, Elaine J.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Cotton, Mark] Univ Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Childrens Hosp, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa. [Boulle, Andrew] Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Dabis, F (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 2, INSERM, ISPED, U593, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. EM Francois.dabis@isped.u-bordeaux2.fr RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; Leroy, Valeriane/F-8129-2013; OI Leroy, Valeriane/0000-0003-3542-8616; Newell, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-1074-7699 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI069924] NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 474 EP 480 DI 10.1093/ije/dym216 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 310HY UT WOS:000256520700010 PM 17998240 ER PT J AU Briet, OJT Vounatsou, P Gunawardena, DM Galappaththy, GNL Amerasinghe, PH AF Briet, Olivier J. T. Vounatsou, Penelope Gunawardena, Dissanayake M. Galappaththy, Gawrie N. L. Amerasinghe, Priyanie H. TI Temporal correlation between malaria and rainfall in Sri Lanka SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EXPLORING 30 YEARS; CLIMATIC FACTORS; SOUTH-AFRICA; DRY ZONE; TRANSMISSION; IMPACT; PREDICTION; PATTERNS; INDIA AB Background: Rainfall data have potential use for malaria prediction. However, the relationship between rainfall and the number of malaria cases is indirect and complex. Methods: The statistical relationships between monthly malaria case count data series and monthly mean rainfall series (extracted from interpolated station data) over the period 1972 2005 in districts in Sri Lanka was explored in four analyses: cross-correlation; cross-correlation with pre-whitening; inter-annual; and seasonal inter-annual regression. Results: For most districts, strong positive correlations were found for malaria time series lagging zero to three months behind rainfall, and negative correlations were found for malaria time series lagging four to nine months behind rainfall. However, analysis with pre-whitening showed that most of these correlations were spurious. Only for a few districts, weak positive (at lags zero and one) or weak negative (at lags two to six) correlations were found in pre-whitened series. Inter-annual analysis showed strong negative correlations between malaria and rainfall for a group of districts in the centre-west of the country. Seasonal inter-annual analysis showed that the effect of rainfall on malaria varied according to the season and geography. Conclusion: Seasonally varying effects of rainfall on malaria case counts may explain weak overall cross-correlations found in pre-whitened series, and should be taken into account in malaria predictive models making use of rainfall as a covariate. C1 [Briet, Olivier J. T.] Int Water Management Inst, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Briet, Olivier J. T.; Vounatsou, Penelope] Swiss Trop Inst, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. [Gunawardena, Dissanayake M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Kampala, Uganda. [Galappaththy, Gawrie N. L.] Head Off Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Amerasinghe, Priyanie H.] Int Water Management Inst Sub Reg Off S Asia, Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Briet, OJT (reprint author), Int Water Management Inst, POB 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka. EM o.briet@cgiar.org; penelope.vounatsou@unibas.ch; gdissanayake@usaid.gov; hapugalle@yahoo.co.uk; p.amerasinghe@cgiar.org RI Briet, Olivier/K-1917-2015 OI Briet, Olivier/0000-0003-1186-2688 NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD MAY 6 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 77 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-7-77 PG 14 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 319KR UT WOS:000257163000001 PM 18460205 ER PT J AU Briet, OJT Vounatsou, P Gunawardena, DM Galappaththy, GNL Amerasinghe, PH AF Briet, Olivier J. T. Vounatsou, Penelope Gunawardena, Dissanayake M. Galappaththy, Gawrie N. L. Amerasinghe, Priyanie H. TI Models for short term malaria prediction in Sri Lanka SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; WEATHER-BASED PREDICTION; EPIDEMIC-PRONE REGIONS; ETHIOPIA; INTERVENTIONS; PATTERNS; AFRICA; SYSTEM; IMPACT; RISK AB Background: Malaria in Sri Lanka is unstable and fluctuates in intensity both spatially and temporally. Although the case counts are dwindling at present, given the past history of resurgence of outbreaks despite effective control measures, the control programmes have to stay prepared. The availability of long time series of monitored/diagnosed malaria cases allows for the study of forecasting models, with an aim to developing a forecasting system which could assist in the efficient allocation of resources for malaria control. Methods: Exponentially weighted moving average models, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models with seasonal components, and seasonal multiplicative autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models were compared on monthly time series of district malaria cases for their ability to predict the number of malaria cases one to four months ahead. The addition of covariates such as the number of malaria cases in neighbouring districts or rainfall were assessed for their ability to improve prediction of selected (seasonal) ARIMA models. Results: The best model for forecasting and the forecasting error varied strongly among the districts. The addition of rainfall as a covariate improved prediction of selected (seasonal) ARIMA models modestly in some districts but worsened prediction in other districts. Improvement by adding rainfall was more frequent at larger forecasting horizons. Conclusion: Heterogeneity of patterns of malaria in Sri Lanka requires regionally specific prediction models. Prediction error was large at a minimum of 22% (for one of the districts) for one month ahead predictions. The modest improvement made in short term prediction by adding rainfall as a covariate to these prediction models may not be sufficient to merit investing in a forecasting system for which rainfall data are routinely processed. C1 [Briet, Olivier J. T.] Int Water Management Inst, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Briet, Olivier J. T.; Vounatsou, Penelope] Swiss Trop Inst, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. [Gunawardena, Dissanayake M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Kampala, Uganda. [Galappaththy, Gawrie N. L.] Anti Malaria Campaign, Head Off, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Amerasinghe, Priyanie H.] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Inst Water Management Inst Sub Reg Off S Asia, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Briet, OJT (reprint author), Int Water Management Inst, POB 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka. EM o.briet@cgiar.org; penelope.vounatsou@unibas.ch; gdissanayake@usaid.gov; hapugalle@yahoo.co.uk; p.amerasinghe@cgiar.org RI Briet, Olivier/K-1917-2015 OI Briet, Olivier/0000-0003-1186-2688 NR 29 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD MAY 6 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 76 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-7-76 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 309SU UT WOS:000256481300001 PM 18460204 ER PT J AU Brown, ME Funk, CC Verdin, J Eilerts, G AF Brown, Molly E. Funk, Christopher C. Verdin, James Eilerts, Gary TI Ensuring food security - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Brown, Molly E.] NASA, SSAI, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Funk, Christopher C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Verdin, James] US Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Eilerts, Gary] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), NASA, SSAI, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Brown, Molly/E-2724-2010; Brown, Molly/M-5146-2013 OI Brown, Molly/0000-0001-7384-3314; Brown, Molly/0000-0001-7384-3314 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 2 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5876 BP 611 EP 612 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 295DD UT WOS:000255454300017 ER PT J AU Wongsrichanalai, C Meshnick, SR AF Wongsrichanalai, Chansuda Meshnick, Steven R. TI Declining artesunate-mefloquine efficacy against falciparum malaria on the Cambodia-Thailand border SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; COPY NUMBER; RESISTANCE; PFMDR1; COMBINATION; LUMEFANTRINE; SENSITIVITY; ARTEMETHER; AFRICA AB Resistance to many antimalaria drugs developed on the Cambodia-Thailand border long before developing elsewhere. Because antimalaria resistance is now a global problem, artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are the first-line therapies in most malaria-endemic countries. However, recent clinical and molecular studies suggest the emergence of ACT-resistant Plasmodium falciparum infections in the Cambodia-Thailand border area, where standard ACT is artesunate and mefloquine. These ACT failures might be caused by high-level mefloquine resistance because mefloquine was used for monotherapy long before the introduction of ACT. This observation raises 2 questions. First, how can existing P. falciparum-resistant strains be controlled? Second, how can the evolution of new ACT-resistant strains be avoided elsewhere, e.g., in Africa? Enforcement of rational drug use and improved diagnostic capacity are among the measures needed to avoid and contain ACT resistance. C1 [Meshnick, Steven R.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Wongsrichanalai, Chansuda] US Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Wongsrichanalai, C (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Reg Dev Mission Asia, Infect Dis Team, Off Publ Hlth, GPF Witthayu Tower A,3rd Floor,93-1 Wireless Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. EM cwongsrichanalai@usaid.gov NR 20 TC 154 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 716 EP 719 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 295XS UT WOS:000255508300003 PM 18439351 ER PT J AU Gorstein, JL Dary, O Pongtorn Shell-Duncan, B Quick, T Wasanwisut, E AF Gorstein, Jonathan L. Dary, Omar Pongtorn Shell-Duncan, Bettina Quick, Tim Wasanwisut, Emorn TI Feasibility of using retinol-binding protein from capillary blood specimens to estimate serum retinol concentrations and the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in low-resource settings SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vitamin A deficiency; biological assessment; capillary blood; monitoring ID ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; DILUTION TECHNIQUE; SURROGATE MEASURE; FILTER-PAPER; MILD; INDICATORS; VOLUNTEERS; CHILDREN AB Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a significant public health problem in many Countries. While cost-effective interventions are available to control VAD, reliable information is needed to the track progress of control programmes. However, assessment of VAD is uncommon because current approaches are expensive and not feasible in low-resource settings. The present study explores the utility of retinol-binding protein (RBP), analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from capillary blood, as an alternative measure of serum retinol concentrations in populations. The study collected matched panels of venous and capillary blood from pre-school children in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Of a total sample of 195 children, there were no differences between RBP from venous blood, RBP from capillary blood or retinol from capillary blood relative to retinol from venous blood. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis suggested a cut-off of RBP < 0.825 mu mol l(-1) had optimal screening proficiency relative to retinol <0.70 mu mol l(-1). For the purpose Of Population assessment, all three parameters performed well in screening for VAD relative to retinol from venous blood. There were no differences in the estimates of VAD between children stratified by inflammation Status. Lower RBP concentrations were found in children in the early convalescent stage of infection than in children with no infection or in the late convalescent stage. This Study provided evidence of the biological comparability between retinol and RBP estimated from venous blood and capillary blood. This is a critical observation as it provides empirical evidence that RBP from capillary blood is a surrogate measure of serum retinol concentrations. C1 [Gorstein, Jonathan L.; Shell-Duncan, Bettina] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Serv, Hlth Sci Ctr H 688, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dary, Omar] A2Z Project, Washington, DC USA. [Pongtorn; Wasanwisut, Emorn] Mahidol Univ, Inst Nutr, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. [Quick, Tim] United States Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Gorstein, JL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Serv, Hlth Sci Ctr H 688, Box 357660, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM Gorstein@u.washington.edu NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 11 IS 5 BP 513 EP 520 DI 10.1017/S1368980007000821 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 293WJ UT WOS:000255365800011 PM 18410697 ER PT J AU Othoro, C Moore, JM Wannemuehler, KA Moses, S Lal, A Otieno, J Nahlen, B Slutsker, L Shi, YP AF Othoro, Caroline Moore, Julie M. Wannemuehler, Kathleen A. Moses, Sichangi Lal, Altaf Otieno, Juliana Nahlen, Bernard Slutsker, Laurence Shi, Ya Ping TI Elevated gamma interferon-producing NK cells, CD45RO memory-like T cells, and CD4 T cells are associated with protection against malaria infection in pregnancy SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; PLACENTAL MALARIA; PARASITE GROWTH; IFN-GAMMA; IN-VITRO; IMMUNITY; BLOOD; RESPONSES; ERYTHROCYTES AB Previous studies have shown that gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production in the placenta is associated with protection against placental malaria. However, it remains unknown which IFN-gamma-producing cell subpopulations are involved in this protection and whether the cellular immune components of protection are the same in the peripheral and the placental blood compartments. We investigated cell subpopulations for CD4, CD8, and CD45RO memory-like T cells and CD56(+)/CD3(-) natural killer (NK) cells and for IFN-gamma production by these cells in maternal peripheral and placental intervillous blood in relation to the status of malaria infection in pregnancy. Of 52 human immunodeficiency virus-negative enrolled pregnant women residing in Western Kenya, 20 had placental parasitemia. We found that the percentages of CD45RO memory-like and CD4 T cells were significantly higher in the periphery than in the placenta, while the CD56/CD3(-) NK-cell percentage was higher in the placenta than in the periphery, suggesting differences in immune cell profiles between the two blood compartments. Furthermore, the percentages of peripheral CD45RO memory-like and CD4 T cells were significantly elevated in aparasitemic women compared to levels in the parasitemic group, with aparasitemic multigravid women having the highest percentages of CD45RO memory-like and CD4 T cells. In contrast, at the placental level, IFN-gamma production by innate NK cells was significantly increased in aparasitemic women compared to parasitemic women, regardless of gravidity. These results suggest that the elevated IFN-gamma-producing NK cells in the placenta and CD45RO memory-like and CD4 T cells in peripheral blood may be involved in protection against malaria infection in pregnancy. C1 [Othoro, Caroline; Moses, Sichangi; Slutsker, Laurence; Shi, Ya Ping] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. [Otieno, Juliana] New Nyanza Provincial Gen Hosp, Kisumu, Kenya. [Nahlen, Bernard] USAID, Presidents Malaria Initiative, Washington, DC USA. [Moore, Julie M.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Moore, Julie M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Nahlen, Bernard; Slutsker, Laurence; Shi, Ya Ping] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shi, YP (reprint author), CDC, CCID, NCZVED, Div Parasit Dis,Malaria Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,Bldg 20,Rm 4,F-12, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM Yshi@cdc.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD046860] NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2008 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1678 EP 1685 DI 10.1128/IAI.01420-07 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 284SI UT WOS:000254725700036 PM 18250175 ER PT J AU Faulkner, JW Steenhuis, T De Giesen, NV Andreini, M Liebe, JR AF Faulkner, Joshua W. Steenhuis, Tammo De Giesen, Nick Van Andreini, Marc Liebe, Jens R. TI Water use and productivity of two small reservoir irrigation schemes in Ghana's Upper East Region SO IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE LA English DT Article DE irrigation; water management; international development; small reservoirs ID SMALL-SCALE IRRIGATION; MANAGEMENT; INSTITUTIONS; HYDROLOGY; AFRICA AB To examine the impact of small reservoir irrigation development in Africa, the performance and productivity of two small reservoirs and irrigation schemes in the Upper East Region of Ghana were investigated in this study. Hydrologic data measured included daily irrigation volumes and daily evaporation. Farmer cost inputs, excluding labor, and harvest data were also recorded. There was a strong contrast in water availability between the two systems, the Tanga system having a higher amount of available water than did the Weega system. The concept of relative water supply was used to confirm this disparity; Tanga was an inefficient system with a relative water supply of 5.7, compared to a value of 2.4 for the efficient Weega system. It was also concluded that the dissimilar water availabilities resulted in the evolution of very different irrigation methods and coincided with different management structures. Where there was more water available per unit land (Tanga), management was relaxed and the irrigation inefficient. Where there was less water available per unit land (Weega), management was well structured and irrigation efficient. The productivity of water (US$ m(-3)) of the Tanga system was half that of the Weega system, when analyzed at a high market price for crops grown. In terms of productivity of cultivated land (US$ ha(-1)), however, the Tanga system was 49% more productive than the Weega system. The difference in the productivity of land is primarily a result of increased farmer cash inputs in the Tanga system as compared to the Weega system. The difference in the productivity of water can be attributed to the varying irrigation methods and management structures, and ultimately to the contrasting water availability. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Faulkner, Joshua W.; Steenhuis, Tammo] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [De Giesen, Nick Van] Delft Univ Technol, Civil Engn & Geosci, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. [Andreini, Marc] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Liebe, Jens R.] Univ Bonn, Res Dev Ctr, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. RP Faulkner, JW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, 72 Riley Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM jwf24@cornell.edu RI Liebe, Jens/A-6010-2009; van de Giesen, Nick/B-5010-2008 OI van de Giesen, Nick/0000-0002-7200-3353 NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1531-0353 EI 1531-0361 J9 IRRIG DRAIN JI Irrig. Drain. PD APR PY 2008 VL 57 IS 2 BP 151 EP 163 DI 10.1002/ird.384 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 294VJ UT WOS:000255434100003 ER PT J AU Yeh, J Brandes, N Stanton, ME AF Yeh, John Brandes, Neal Stanton, Mary Ellen TI Two decades of the safe motherhood initiative SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Yeh, John; Brandes, Neal; Stanton, Mary Ellen] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Yeh, John] SUNY Buffalo, New York, NY USA. RP Yeh, J (reprint author), USAID, Washington, DC USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 111 IS 4 BP 994 EP 995 DI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31816bfc02 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 280NO UT WOS:000254433700033 PM 18378764 ER PT J AU Glik, DC Drury, A Cavanaugh, C Shoaf, K AF Glik, Deborah C. Drury, Allison Cavanaugh, Clint Shoaf, Kimberley TI What not to say: Risk communication for botulism SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EVENT AB This formative research study used qualitative methods to test the suitability of messages about botulism for the general public. Nine focus group interviews and 27 cognitive interviews were conducted with diverse audiences to pretest radio, television, and fact sheet messages predicated on a hypothetical terrorist attack using botulinum toxin. Narrative data were collected, transcribed, coded, and analyzed using content domains based on risk and health communication theories. While participants accepted the need for materials, the messages produced contained images and references describing botulism as a toxin-caused illness spread both by food and water contamination as well as by airborne means. The audience's lack of understanding of the term toxin and an imperfect understanding of airborne transmission of a toxic substance meant that some people interpreted botulism as being an infectious disease rather than a type of poisoning. The communication materials did not clearly show how the set of botulism symptoms are unique and described the anti-toxin as "not a cure," thus compounding the audience's misunderstanding. Using models from cognitive and developmental psychology, our findings were interpreted to show that certain terms evoke or elicit long-held conceptual frameworks that lay audiences use to explain medical phenomena. Relevant to botulism, poisoning events are distinct from infectious diseases, but prepared messages did not reinforce these distinctions. Ignoring how people organize preexisting health information when trying to communicate new information is a prescription for failure, especially in a crisis risk communication scenario. Findings from this study have been used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to reformulate preevent crisis risk communication materials for botulism. C1 [Glik, Deborah C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Drury, Allison] Yahoo Inc, Santa Monica, CA USA. [Cavanaugh, Clint] US Agcy Int Dev, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Shoaf, Kimberley] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Publ Hlth & Disasters, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Glik, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth Sci, POB 95-1772, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM dglik@ucla.edu FU PHS HHS [A1106-21/21] NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 6 IS 1 BP 93 EP 107H DI 10.1089/bsp.2007.0040 PG 23 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 288YQ UT WOS:000255022600013 PM 18386976 ER PT J AU Fedoroff, N AF Fedoroff, Nina TI Science in the developing world SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 US Dept State, USAID, Washington, DC 20520 USA. RP Fedoroff, N (reprint author), US Dept State, USAID, Washington, DC 20520 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 5 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 289SN UT WOS:000255074300002 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, James D. TI HIV myths should not be resuscitated - Reply SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 371 IS 9618 BP 1071 EP 1072 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60482-1 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 280RA UT WOS:000254442700023 ER PT J AU Hladik, W Musinguzi, J Kirungi, W Opio, A Stover, J Kaharuza, F Bunnell, R Kafuko, J Mermin, J AF Hladik, Wolfgang Musinguzi, Joshua Kirungi, Wilford Opio, Alex Stover, John Kaharuza, Frank Bunnell, Rebecca Kafuko, Jessica Mermin, Jonathan TI The estimated burden of HIV/AIDS in Uganda, 2005-2010 SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; antiretroviral therapy; disease burden; HIV; incidence; morbidity; mortality; prevalence; Uganda ID RURAL RAKAI DISTRICT; SOUTH-WEST UGANDA; HIV-INFECTION; AIDS; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION; MORTALITY; KAMPALA; COHORT AB Objectives: To estimate the burden of HIV disease in Uganda and the effect of HIV/AIDS control programmes to mitigate it. Design: Mathematical modelling and projecting using surveillance and census data. Methods: Using antenatal clinic surveillance (1986-2002) and a recent populationbased survey (2004-2005) data, we modelled the adult national HIV prevalence over time (1981 -2004), and kept prevalence constant at 6.4% for the years 2004-2010. Using Spectrum software and census data, we estimated the national burden of HIV disease and the effect of selected HIV-related prevention and treatment programmes. Results: In 2005, we estimated that there were 135 300 new HIV infections (adult HIV incidence 0.96%), 691 900 asymptomatic prevalent infections, 88 100 AIDS cases, and 76 400 AIDS deaths. An estimated 647 000 (80%) HIV-infected adults were unaware of their infection; one third of all adult deaths were HIV related. As a result of population growth, by 2008 a similar number of people will be HIV infected (1.1 million) as during the peak of the epidemic in 1994. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage is expected to rise from 67 000 (2005) to 160 000 (2010), the number of persons needing but not receiving ART will decrease only slightly from 127 600 (2005) to I 11 100 (2010). The use of single-dose in 2005 nevirapine probably averted only 4% of the estimated 20400 vertical infections. Conclusion: HIV/AIDS continues to be a leading cause of adult disease and death in Uganda. Universal ART access is probably unachievable. With the absolute burden of HIV disease approaching the historic peak in the early 1990s, more effective prevention programmes are of paramount importance. (c) 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Hladik, Wolfgang; Kaharuza, Frank; Bunnell, Rebecca; Mermin, Jonathan] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Entebbe, Uganda. [Musinguzi, Joshua; Kirungi, Wilford; Opio, Alex] Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. [Stover, John] Futures Inst, Glastonbury, CT USA. [Kafuko, Jessica] US Agcy Int Dev, Kampala, Uganda. RP Hladik, W (reprint author), CDC, POB 49, Entebbe, Uganda. EM wfh3@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB 19 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 503 EP 510 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 277XE UT WOS:000254247200008 PM 18301063 ER PT B AU Hammergren, L AF Hammergren, Linn BE Haar, J Price, J TI Legal Reform: Some Emerging Paradoxes of Latin America's Legal and Judicial Reform Movement SO CAN LATIN AMERICA COMPETE: CONFRONTING THE CHALLENGES OF GLOBALIZATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hammergren, Linn] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Hammergren, Linn] USAID Washington, Washington, DC USA. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-61214-3 PY 2008 BP 175 EP 196 D2 10.1057/9780230610477 PG 22 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA BRN45 UT WOS:000283152700012 ER PT B AU Sabatini, C AF Sabatini, Christopher BE Haar, J Price, J TI Labor Reform: Undercompetitive Economies and Unprotected Workforce SO CAN LATIN AMERICA COMPETE: CONFRONTING THE CHALLENGES OF GLOBALIZATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sabatini, Christopher] US Agcy Int Dev, Ctr Democracy & Governance, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-61214-3 PY 2008 BP 239 EP 251 D2 10.1057/9780230610477 PG 13 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA BRN45 UT WOS:000283152700015 ER PT B AU Obiorah, N Kew, D Tanko, Y AF Obiorah, Ndubisi Kew, Darren Tanko, Yusuf BE Rotberg, RI TI "Peaceful Rise" and Human Rights: China's Expanding Relations with Nigeria SO CHINA INTO AFRICA: TRADE, AID, AND INFLUENCE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kew, Darren; Tanko, Yusuf] Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Kew, Darren] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Kew, Darren] US Dept State, Washington, DC USA. RP Obiorah, N (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-7561-4 PY 2008 BP 272 EP 295 PG 24 WC Economics; International Relations SC Business & Economics; International Relations GA BZM37 UT WOS:000302024200014 ER PT J AU Lancaster, C AF Lancaster, Carol TI The new face of development SO CURRENT HISTORY LA English DT Article AB "As the traditional development challenge of reducing poverty is increasingly met, a new challenge for the twenty-first century emerges: that of ensuring a livable, peaceful, and prosperous world.". C1 [Lancaster, Carol] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Lancaster, C (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Walsh Sch Foreign Serv, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CURRENT HIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 4225 MAIN ST PO BOX 4647, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19127 USA SN 0011-3530 J9 CURR HIST JI Curr. Hist. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 107 IS 705 BP 36 EP 40 PG 5 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 251CP UT WOS:000252348600005 ER PT J AU Hanson, M AF Hanson, Mark BA Hanson, M BF Hanson, M TI Knowledge transfer and national development SO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION AND TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS SE Routledge Studies in Development Economics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hanson, Mark] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hanson, Mark] UNESCO, Paris, France. [Hanson, Mark] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Hanson, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM markhanson@mexicoindustrialization.com; markhanson@mexicoindustrialization.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94554-4 J9 ROUTL STUD DEV ECON PY 2008 VL 61 BP 1 EP + PG 19 WC Business; Economics; Education & Educational Research SC Business & Economics; Education & Educational Research GA BMZ13 UT WOS:000273966900002 ER PT J AU Hanson, M AF Hanson, Mark BA Hanson, M BF Hanson, M TI Economic Development, Education and Transnational Corporations Preface SO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION AND TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS SE Routledge Studies in Development Economics LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID BUREAUCRACY C1 [Hanson, Mark] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hanson, Mark] UNESCO, Paris, France. [Hanson, Mark] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Hanson, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM markhanson@mexicoindustrialization.com; markhanson@mexicoindustrialization.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94554-4 J9 ROUTL STUD DEV ECON PY 2008 VL 61 BP XV EP + PG 7 WC Business; Economics; Education & Educational Research SC Business & Economics; Education & Educational Research GA BMZ13 UT WOS:000273966900001 ER PT J AU Hanson, M AF Hanson, Mark BA Hanson, M BF Hanson, M TI Stages of national development SO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION AND TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS SE Routledge Studies in Development Economics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hanson, Mark] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hanson, Mark] UNESCO, Paris, France. [Hanson, Mark] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Hanson, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM markhanson@mexicoindustrialization.com; markhanson@mexicoindustrialization.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94554-4 J9 ROUTL STUD DEV ECON PY 2008 VL 61 BP 18 EP + PG 25 WC Business; Economics; Education & Educational Research SC Business & Economics; Education & Educational Research GA BMZ13 UT WOS:000273966900003 ER PT J AU Hanson, M AF Hanson, Mark BA Hanson, M BF Hanson, M TI National strategies of knowledge transfer SO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION AND TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS SE Routledge Studies in Development Economics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hanson, Mark] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hanson, Mark] UNESCO, Paris, France. [Hanson, Mark] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Hanson, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM markhanson@mexicoindustrialization.com; markhanson@mexicoindustrialization.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94554-4 J9 ROUTL STUD DEV ECON PY 2008 VL 61 BP 40 EP + PG 27 WC Business; Economics; Education & Educational Research SC Business & Economics; Education & Educational Research GA BMZ13 UT WOS:000273966900004 ER PT J AU Hanson, M AF Hanson, Mark BA Hanson, M BF Hanson, M TI Educational reform and national development SO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION AND TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS SE Routledge Studies in Development Economics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hanson, Mark] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hanson, Mark] UNESCO, Paris, France. [Hanson, Mark] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Hanson, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM markhanson@mexicoindustrialization.com; markhanson@mexicoindustrialization.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94554-4 J9 ROUTL STUD DEV ECON PY 2008 VL 61 BP 64 EP + PG 55 WC Business; Economics; Education & Educational Research SC Business & Economics; Education & Educational Research GA BMZ13 UT WOS:000273966900005 ER PT J AU Hanson, M AF Hanson, Mark BA Hanson, M BF Hanson, M TI Conclusions, analysis and lessons learned SO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION AND TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS SE Routledge Studies in Development Economics LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Hanson, Mark] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hanson, Mark] UNESCO, Paris, France. [Hanson, Mark] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Hanson, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM markhanson@mexicoindustrialization.com; markhanson@mexicoindustrialization.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94554-4 J9 ROUTL STUD DEV ECON PY 2008 VL 61 BP 114 EP + PG 23 WC Business; Economics; Education & Educational Research SC Business & Economics; Education & Educational Research GA BMZ13 UT WOS:000273966900006 ER PT J AU Bradford, CI AF Bradford, Colin I., Jr. BE Cooper, AF Antkiewicz, A TI The United States and Summit Reform in a Transformational Era SO EMERGING POWERS IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE: LESSONS FROM THE HEILIGENDAMM PROCESS SE Studies in International Governance LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] Brookings Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] OECD, Dev Ctr, Istanbul, Turkey. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] World Bank, Strateg Planning Unit, Washington, DC USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] Yale Univ, Sch Org & Management, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Bradford, CI (reprint author), American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILFRID LAURIER UNIV PRESS PI WATERLOO PA 75 UNIVERSITY AVE WEST, WATERLOO, ON N2L 3C5, CANADA BN 978-1-55458-057-6 J9 STUD INT GOV PY 2008 BP 307 EP 336 PG 30 WC Economics; International Relations; Political Science SC Business & Economics; International Relations; Government & Law GA BTX66 UT WOS:000288372400015 ER PT B AU Windsor, JL AF Windsor, Jennifer L. BE Schulz, WF TI Setting the Record Straight Why Now Is Not the Time to Abandon Democracy Promotion SO FUTURE OF HUMAN RIGHTS: U.S. POLICY FOR A NEW ERA SE Pennsylvania Studies in Human Rights LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Windsor, Jennifer L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA BN 978-0-8122-2075-9 J9 PA STUD HUM RIGHTS PY 2008 BP 84 EP + PG 25 WC International Relations; Political Science; Social Issues SC International Relations; Government & Law; Social Issues GA BLB80 UT WOS:000269846300006 ER PT J AU Beier, JC Keating, J Githure, JI Macdonald, MB Impoinvil, DE Novak, RJ AF Beier, John C. Keating, Joseph Githure, John I. Macdonald, Michael B. Impoinvil, Daniel E. Novak, Robert J. TI Integrated vector management for malaria control SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID DAR-ES-SALAAM; SRI-LANKA; ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; CONTROL PROGRAMS; LARVAL HABITATS; AFRICA; TRANSMISSION; SUPPRESSION AB Integrated vector management (IVM) is defined as "a rational decision-making process for the optimal use of resources for vector control" and includes five key elements: 1) evidence-based decision-making, 2) integrated approaches 3), collaboration within the health sector and with other sectors, 4) advocacy, social mobilization, and legislation, and 5) capacity-building. In 2004, the WHO adopted IVM globally for the control of all vector-borne diseases. Important recent progress has been made in developing and promoting IVM for national malaria control programmes in Africa at a time when successful malaria control programmes are scaling-up with insecticide-treated nets (ITN) and/or indoor residual spraying (IRS) coverage. While interventions using only ITNs and/or IRS successfully reduce transmission intensity and the burden of malaria in many situations, it is not clear if these interventions alone will achieve those critical low levels that result in malaria elimination. Despite the successful employment of comprehensive integrated malaria control programmes, further strengthening of vector control components through IVM is relevant, especially during the "end-game" where control is successful and further efforts are required to go from low transmission situations to sustained local and country-wide malaria elimination. To meet this need and to ensure sustainability of control efforts, malaria control programmes should strengthen their capacity to use data for decision-making with respect to evaluation of current vector control programmes, employment of additional vector control tools in conjunction with ITN/IRS tactics, case-detection and treatment strategies, and determine how much and what types of vector control and interdisciplinary input are required to achieve malaria elimination. Similarly, on a global scale, there is a need for continued research to identify and evaluate new tools for vector control that can be integrated with existing biomedical strategies within national malaria control programmes. This review provides an overview of how IVM programmes are being implemented, and provides recommendations for further development of IVM to meet the goals of national malaria control programmes in Africa. C1 [Beier, John C.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33177 USA. [Beier, John C.] Univ Miami, Abess Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Policy, Miami, FL 33177 USA. [Keating, Joseph] Tulane Univ, Dept Int Hlth & Dev, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Githure, John I.] ICIPE, Human Hlth Div, Nairobi, Kenya. [Macdonald, Michael B.] US Agcy Int Dev, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Impoinvil, Daniel E.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Neston CH64 7TE, Cheshire, England. [Novak, Robert J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Novak, Robert J.] William C Gorgas Ctr Geog Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Beier, JC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, South Campus,12500 SW 152nd St,Bldg A, Miami, FL 33177 USA. EM jbeier@med.miami.edu; jkeating@tulane.edu; jgithure@icipe.org; mmacdonald@usaid.gov; d.impoinvil@liverpool.ac.uk; rjnovak@uab.edu FU National Institutes of Health [P20 RR020770, U01-A1054889]; Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy (CESP), University of Miami FX We would like to thank Dr. Lucien Manga for helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript. In part, this review was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant P20 RR020770 and U01-A1054889, and the Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy (CESP), University of Miami. NR 64 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 26 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PY 2008 VL 7 SU 1 AR S4 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-7-S1-S4 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 602UG UT WOS:000278163700004 PM 19091038 ER PT J AU Bracken, P Bremmer, I Gordon, D AF Bracken, Paul Bremmer, Ian Gordon, David BE Bracken, P Bremmer, I Gordon, D TI Managing Strategic Surprise Lessons from Risk Management and Risk Assessment Introduction SO MANAGING STRATEGIC SURPRISE: LESSONS FROM RISK MANAGEMENT AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Bracken, Paul] Yale Univ, Sch Management Strateg Environm Management, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Gordon, David] US Dept State, Washington, DC USA. [Bracken, Paul] Hudson Inst, Hudson, NY USA. [Bremmer, Ian] Hoover Inst War Revolut & Peace, Stanford, CA USA. [Gordon, David] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Gordon, David] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gordon, David] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Gordon, David] Univ Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. [Gordon, David] US Agcy Int Dev, Nairobi, Kenya. [Bremmer, Ian] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Gordon, David] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gordon, David] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Bracken, P (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Management Strateg Environm Management, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-88315-3 PY 2008 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511755880.001 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511755880 PG 15 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BAT03 UT WOS:000305423100001 ER PT J AU Bracken, P Bremmer, I Gordon, D AF Bracken, Paul Bremmer, Ian Gordon, David BE Bracken, P Bremmer, I Gordon, D TI Conclusion: managing strategic surprise SO MANAGING STRATEGIC SURPRISE: LESSONS FROM RISK MANAGEMENT AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Bracken, Paul] Yale Univ, Sch Management Strateg Environm Management, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Bracken, Paul] Hudson Inst, Hudson, NY USA. [Bremmer, Ian] World Policy Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Bremmer, Ian] Hoover Inst War Revolut & Peace, Stanford, CA USA. [Gordon, David] US Dept State, Washington, DC USA. [Gordon, David] US Agcy Int Dev, Nairobi, Kenya. [Gordon, David] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gordon, David] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gordon, David] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Gordon, David] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gordon, David] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Gordon, David] Univ Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. [Bremmer, Ian] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Bracken, P (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Management Strateg Environm Management, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-88315-3 PY 2008 BP 302 EP 310 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511755880.010 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511755880 PG 9 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BAT03 UT WOS:000305423100010 ER PT J AU Jadotte, H Pierre, YF AF Jadotte, Herard Pierre, Yves-Francois BE Baranyi, S TI Local Governance and Sustainable Peace: The Haitian Case SO PARADOXES OF PEACEBUILDING POST-9/11 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jadotte, Herard] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Pierre, Yves-Francois] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA PRESS PI VANCOUVER PA 6344 MEMORIAL RD, VANCOUVER, BC V6T 1Z2, CANADA BN 978-0-7748-1451-5 PY 2008 BP 85 EP 109 PG 25 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BBB17 UT WOS:000306334700005 ER PT J AU Booth, JA Seligson, MA AF Booth, John A. Seligson, Mitchell A. BA Krishna, A BF Krishna, A TI Inequality and Democracy in Latin America Individual and Contextual Effects of Wealth on Political Participation SO POVERTY, PARTICIPATION, AND DEMOCRACY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Booth, John A.] Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Booth, John A.] US Agcy Int Dev, Dept State, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Seligson, Mitchell A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. [Seligson, Mitchell A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Latin Amer Studies, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Booth, JA (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-50445-4 PY 2008 BP 94 EP 124 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511756160.006 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511756160 PG 31 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BAR41 UT WOS:000305285900005 ER PT J AU Krishna, A Booth, JA AF Krishna, Anirudh Booth, John A. BA Krishna, A BF Krishna, A TI Conclusion Implications for Policy and Research SO POVERTY, PARTICIPATION, AND DEMOCRACY LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Krishna, Anirudh] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Booth, John A.] Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Booth, John A.] US Agcy Int Dev, Dept State, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Krishna, A (reprint author), Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-50445-4 PY 2008 BP 147 EP 160 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511756160.008 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511756160 PG 14 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BAR41 UT WOS:000305285900007 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Ricketts, TH Kremen, C Carney, K Swinton, SM AF Zhang, Wei Ricketts, Taylor H. Kremen, Claire Carney, Karen Swinton, Scott M. TI Ecosystem services and dis-services to agriculture SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE ecosystem services; agriculture; pollination; soil fertility; ecology; hydrology; environmental economics; environmental policy ID INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE CONTEXT; TROPICAL FOREST; ECONOMIC VALUE; HABITAT; WATER; POLLINATION; VALUATION; INTENSIFICATION; AGROECOSYSTEMS AB Agricultural ecosystems are actively managed by humans to optimize the provision of food, fiber, and fuel. These ecosystem services from agriculture, classified as provisioning services by the recent Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, depend in turn upon a web of supporting and regulating services as inputs to production (e.g., soil fertility and pollination). Agriculture also receives ecosystem dis-services that reduce productivity or increase production costs (e.g., herbivory and competition for water and nutrients by undesired species). The flows of these services and dis-services directly depend on how agricultural ecosystems are managed and upon the diversity, composition, and functioning of remaining natural ecosystems in the landscape. Managing agricultural landscapes to provide sufficient supporting and regulating ecosystem. services and fewer dis-services will require research that is policy-relevant, multidisciplinary and collaborative. This paper focuses on how ecosystem services contribute to agricultural productivity and how ecosystem dis-services detract from it. We first describe the major services and dis-services as well as their key mediators. We then explore the importance of scale and economic externalities for the management of ecosystem service provision to agriculture. Finally, we discuss outstanding issues in regard to improving the management of ecosystem services and dis-services to agriculture. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Wei; Swinton, Scott M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Ricketts, Taylor H.] World Wildlife Fund, Conservat Sci Program, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Kremen, Claire] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Carney, Karen] US Agcy Int Dev, Biodivers & Forestry Team, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM zhangwe9@msu.edu; Taylor.Ricketts@WWFUS.ORG; ckremen@nature.berkeley.edu; kcamey@usaid.gov; swintons@anr.msu.edu NR 67 TC 328 Z9 357 U1 50 U2 451 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 64 IS 2 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.02.024 PG 8 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 249XT UT WOS:000252264600003 ER PT J AU Wongsrichanalai, C Barcus, MJ Muth, S Sutamihardja, A Wernsdorfer, WH AF Wongsrichanalai, Chansuda Barcus, Mazie J. Muth, Sinuon Sutamihardja, Awalludin Wernsdorfer, Walther H. TI A review of malaria diagnostic tools: Microscopy and rapid diagnostic test (RDT) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; HISTIDINE-RICH PROTEIN-2; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ANTIGEN-DETECTION TESTS; DIPSTICK TEST; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; RETURNED TRAVELERS; EXPERT MICROSCOPY; PARASITE DENSITY; CLINICAL ALGORITHMS AB The absolute necessity for rational therapy in the face of rampant drug resistance places increasing importance on the accuracy of malaria diagnosis. Giemsa microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) represent the two diagnostics most likely to have the largest impact on malaria control today. These two methods, each with characteristic strengths and limitations, together represent the best hope for accurate diagnosis as a key component of successful malaria control. This review addresses the quality issues with current malaria diagnostics and presents data from recent rapid diagnostic test trials. Reduction of malaria morbidity and drug resistance intensity plus the associated economic loss: of these two factors require urgent scaling up of the quality of parasite-based diagnostic methods. An investment in anti-malarial drug development or malaria vaccine development should be accompanied by a parallel commitment to improve diagnostic tools and their availability to people living in malarious areas. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Hydas World Hlth, Hummelstown, PA USA. Natl Ctr Parasitol Entomol & Malaria Control CNM, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Med Univ Vienna, Ctr Physiol & Pathophysiol, Inst Specif Prophylaxis & Trop Med, Vienna, Austria. RP Wongsrichanalai, C (reprint author), USAID RDM A, Off Publ Hlth, GPF Bldg,3rd Floor,93-1 Wireless Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. EM cwongsrichanalai@usaid.gov NR 104 TC 293 Z9 302 U1 9 U2 59 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 77 IS 6 SU S BP 119 EP 127 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 249FJ UT WOS:000252212600020 PM 18165483 ER PT J AU Goodman, C Brieger, W Unwin, A Mills, A Meek, S Greer, G AF Goodman, Catherine Brieger, William Unwin, Alasdair Mills, Anne Meek, Sylvia Greer, George TI Medicine sellers and malaria treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: What do they do and how can their practice be improved? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Review ID DAR-ES-SALAAM; HOME-BASED MANAGEMENT; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; SELF-TREATMENT; SYNDROMIC MANAGEMENT; CHILDHOOD FEVERS; RURAL KENYA; HEALTH-CARE; COMBINATION TREATMENT; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES AB Medicine sellers are widely used for fever and malaria treatment in sub-Saharan Africa, but concerns surround the appropriateness of drugs and information provided. Because there is increasing interest in improving their services, we reviewed the literature on their characteristics and interventions to improve their malaria-related practices. Sixteen interventions were identified, involving a mixture of training/capacity building, demand generation, quality assurance, and creating an enabling environment. Although evidence is insufficient to prove which approaches are superior, tentative conclusions were possible. Interventions increased rates of appropriate treatment, and medicine sellers were willing to participate. Features of successful interventions included a comprehensive situation analysis of the legal and market environment; buy-in from medicine sellers, community members and government; use of a combination of approaches; and maintenance of training and supervision. Interventions must be adapted to include artemisinin-based combination therapies, and their sustainability and potential to operate at a national level should be further explored. C1 [Goodman, Catherine] KEMRI Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Goodman, Catherine; Mills, Anne] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Hlth Econ & Financing Programme, Hlth Policy Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Brieger, William] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Hlth Syst Program, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Unwin, Alasdair] Plan Int Headquarters, Woking GU21 6JG, Surrey, England. [Meek, Sylvia] Malaria Consortium, London, England. [Greer, George] Africas Hlth 2010, Acad Educ Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Greer, George] US Agcy Int Dev, Child Survival & Infect Dis Bur Africa, Hlth Team, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Goodman, C (reprint author), KEMRI Wellcome Trust Res Programme, POB 43640, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. EM catherine.goodman@lshtm.ac.uk OI Brieger, William/0000-0001-9863-8296; Mills, Anne/0000-0001-9863-9950 FU Wellcome Trust [060184] NR 142 TC 113 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 77 IS 6 SU S BP 203 EP 218 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 249FJ UT WOS:000252212600031 PM 18165494 ER PT J AU Gribble, JN Sharma, S Menotti, EP AF Gribble, James N. Sharma, Suneeta Menotti, Elaine P. TI Family planning policies and their impacts on the poor: Peru's experience SO INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article C1 [Gribble, James N.] Populat Reference Bur, BRIDGE Project, Washington, DC USA. [Sharma, Suneeta] Hlth Policy Initiat, Washington, DC USA. [Menotti, Elaine P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Gribble, JN (reprint author), Populat Reference Bur, BRIDGE Project, Washington, DC USA. EM jgribble@prb.org NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 0190-3187 J9 INT FAM PLAN PERSPEC JI Int. Fam. Plan. Perspect. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 176 EP 181 DI 10.1363/3317607 PG 6 WC Demography; Family Studies; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Family Studies; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 250ZL UT WOS:000252339800004 PM 18178542 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, James D. TI Ten myths and one truth about generalised HIV epidemics SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID PREVENTION C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 12 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 370 IS 9602 BP 1809 EP 1811 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61755-3 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 240LI UT WOS:000251588700008 PM 18061042 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, James D. TI Diaphragms and lubricant gel for prevention of HIV SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.com FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI070043-01A1, R01 AI070043] NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 370 IS 9602 BP 1823 EP 1823 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61764-4 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 240LI UT WOS:000251588700015 PM 18061048 ER PT J AU Jost, CC Mariner, JC Roeder, PL Sawitri, E Macgregor-Skinner, GJ AF Jost, C. C. Mariner, J. C. Roeder, P. L. Sawitri, E. Macgregor-Skinner, G. J. TI Participatory epidemiology in disease surveillance and research SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE animal health surveillance; developing country; epidemiology; highly pathogenic avian influenza; participatory disease surveillance; participatory epidemiology; Rinderpest; surveillance; traditional knowledge; veterinary services; zoonoss ID BOVINE PLEUROPNEUMONIA TRANSMISSION; LINEAGE-2 RINDERPEST VIRUS; EAST-AFRICA; AVIAN INFLUENZA; COMMUNITY; CATTLE; MODEL; DIAGNOSIS AB Participatory epidemiology is the application of participatory methods to epidemiological research and disease surveillance. It is a proven technique which overcomes many of the limitations of conventional epidemiological methods, and has been used to solve a number of animal health surveillance and research problems. The approach was developed in small-scale, community animal health programmes, and then applied to major international disease control efforts. The Global Rinderpest Eradication Program adopted participatory epidemiology as a surveillance tool for controlling rinderpest. This approach was subsequently used in both rural and urban settings in Africa and Asia, for foot and mouth disease, peste des petits ruminants and highly pathogenic avian influenza. Participatory disease surveillance has made an important contribution towards controlling both rare and common diseases. This paper reviews the principal applications of participatory epidemiology and highlights the lessons learned from field applications. In addition, the authors examine future challenges and consider new areas for research. C1 [Jost, C. C.; Mariner, J. C.] Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Roeder, P. L.] Food & Agr Org United Nat, Anim Hlth Serv, I-00100 Rome, Italy. [Sawitri, E.] Minist Agr, Highly Pathogen Avian Influenza Campaign Manageme, Jakarta 12011, Indonesia. [Macgregor-Skinner, G. J.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Avain & Pandemic Influenza Preparedness & Respons, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Jost, CC (reprint author), Int Livestock Res Inst, POB 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. NR 43 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 16 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 537 EP 549 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 256JM UT WOS:000252724700001 PM 18293603 ER PT J AU Chapotin, SM Wolt, JD AF Chapotin, Saharah Moon Wolt, Jeffrey D. TI Genetically modified crops for the bioeconomy: meeting public and regulatory expectations SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE genetic engineering; biofuels; bioproducts; eegulatory policy; genetically modified organism ID ENGINEERED PLANTS; TRANSGENIC CROPS; ECOLOGICAL RISKS; GENE FLOW; BIOFUELS; BIOTECHNOLOGY; ENZYMES; SYSTEMS; BIOMASS; ENERGY AB As the United States moves toward a plant-based bioeconomy, a large research and development effort is focused on creating new feedstocks to meet biomass demand for biofuels, bioenergy, and specialized bioproducts, such as industrial compounds and biomaterial precursors. Most bioeconomy projections assume the widespread deployment of novel feedstocks developed through the use of modern molecular breeding techniques, but rarely consider the challenges involved with the use of genetically modified crops, which can include hurdles due to regulatory approvals, market adoption, and public acceptance. In this paper we consider the implications of various transgenic crops and traits under development for the bioeconomy that highlight these challenges. We believe that an awareness of the issues in crop and trait selection will allow developers to design crops with maximum stakeholder appeal and with the greatest potential for widespread adoption, while avoiding applications unlikely to meet regulatory approval or gain market and public acceptance. C1 Iowa State Univ, Biosafety Inst Genetically Modified Agr Prod, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wolt, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Biosafety Inst Genetically Modified Agr Prod, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jdwolt@iastate.edu NR 104 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 7 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 675 EP 688 DI 10.1007/s11248-007-9122-y PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 228IE UT WOS:000250722800001 PM 17701080 ER PT J AU Vega, JC Sanchez, BF Montero, LM Montana, R Mahecha, MD Duenes, B Baron, AR Reithinger, R AF Vega, Juan Carlos Sanchez, Boris Fernando Montero, Luz Mery Montana, Rafael Mahecha, Mercedes del Pilar Duenes, Bladimir Baron, Angela Rocio Reithinger, Richard TI Viewpoint: Evaluating the impact of malaria control efforts on mortality in sub-Saharan Africa SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE evaluation; malaria; mortality; methods; Africa ID TREATED BED NETS; MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS; VERBAL AUTOPSY; CHILD-MORTALITY; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PUBLIC-HEALTH; WESTERN KENYA; MORBIDITY; RATES; BANGLADESH AB OBJECTIVE To describe an approach for evaluating the impact of malaria control efforts on malaria-associated mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, where disease-specific mortality trends usually cannot be measured directly and most malaria deaths occur among young children. METHODS Methods for evaluating changes in malaria-associated mortality are examined; advantages and disadvantages are presented. RESULTS All methods require a plausibility argument - i.e., an assumption that mortality reductions can be attributed to programmatic efforts if improvements are found in steps of the causal pathway between intervention scale-up and mortality trends. As different methods provide complementary information, they can be used together. We recommend following trends in the coverage of malaria control interventions, other factors influencing childhood mortality, malaria-associated morbidity (especially anaemia), and all-cause childhood mortality. This approach reflects decreases in malaria's direct and indirect mortality burden and can be examined in nearly all countries. Adding other information can strengthen the plausibility argument: trends in indicators of malaria transmission, information from demographic surveillance systems and sentinel sites where malaria diagnostics are systematically used, and verbal autopsies linked to representative household surveys. Health facility data on malaria deaths have well-recognized limitations; however, in specific circumstances, they could produce reliable trends. Model-based predictions can help describe changes in malaria-specific burden and assist with program management and advocacy. CONCLUSIONS Despite challenges, efforts to reduce malaria-associated mortality in Africa can be evaluated with trends in malaria intervention coverage and all-cause childhood mortality. Where there are resources and interest, complementary data on malaria morbidity and malaria-specific mortality could be added. C1 Univ Militar Nueva Granada, Bogota, Colombia. Univ Bosque, Bogota, Colombia. Hosp San Juan Bautista, Tolima, Colombia. WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England. George Washington Univ, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Washington, DC USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. WHO, Global Malaria Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, Evidence & Informat Policy, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Reithinger, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop F22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rreithinger@yahoo.co.uk RI Franco-Hurtado, Fernando/E-5599-2017 OI Franco-Hurtado, Fernando/0000-0001-5775-0150 NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD DEC PY 2007 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1524 EP 1539 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01961.x PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 237PJ UT WOS:000251387300016 ER PT J AU Regis, DP Sedegah, M Mendoza-Silveiras, J Steinbeiss, V Reyes, S Epstein, JE Chuang, I Williams, F Levine, GL Bruder, JT King, CR Patterson, NB Limbach, K Soisson, L Diggs, C Doolan, DL Richie, T AF Regis, David P. Sedegah, Martha Mendoza-Silveiras, Jose Steinbeiss, Victoria Reyes, Sharina Epstein, Judith E. Chuang, Ilin Williams, Francis Levine, Gail L. Bruder, Joseph T. King, C. Richter Patterson, Noelle B. Limbach, Keith Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter Doolan, Denise L. Richie, Thomas TI Safety and tolerability of a multi-stage, multi-antigen adenovirus-vectored Plasmodium Falciparum malaria vaccine, in healthy, malaria-naive adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 04-08, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Regis, David P.; Sedegah, Martha; Mendoza-Silveiras, Jose; Steinbeiss, Victoria; Reyes, Sharina; Epstein, Judith E.; Chuang, Ilin; Williams, Francis; Patterson, Noelle B.; Limbach, Keith; Doolan, Denise L.; Richie, Thomas] Naval Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Levine, Gail L.] Fdn Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. [King, C. Richter] GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter] US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Program, Washington, DC USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 77 IS 5 SU S MA 11 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 228UN UT WOS:000250758200012 ER PT J AU Angov, E Bergmann-Leitner, ES Duncan, EH Brent-Kirk, A McCasland, M Mease, R Soisson, LS Demoitie, MA Ogutu, B Heppner, DG Lyon, JA AF Angov, Evelina Bergmann-Leitner, Elke S. Duncan, Elizabeth H. Brent-Kirk, Afiya McCasland, Michael Mease, Ryan Soisson, Lorraine S. Demoitie, Marie-Ange Ogutu, Bernhards Heppner, D. Gray Lyon, Jeffrey A. TI Measurement of antibody fine specificities induced by malaria vaccine FMP1/AS02A from a pediatric phase 2b trial in Western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 04-08, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Angov, Evelina; Bergmann-Leitner, Elke S.; Duncan, Elizabeth H.; Brent-Kirk, Afiya; McCasland, Michael; Mease, Ryan; Heppner, D. Gray; Lyon, Jeffrey A.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine S.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Demoitie, Marie-Ange] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. [Ogutu, Bernhards] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. RI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/B-3548-2011 OI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/0000-0002-8571-8956 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 77 IS 5 SU S MA 12 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 228UN UT WOS:000250758200013 ER PT J AU Patterson, NB Bruder, JT Limbach, K McGrath, A Enright, B King, CR Butman, BT Gowda, K Chen, P Konovalova, S Moretz, SE Zhou, H Diouf, A Richie, TL Li, S Soisson, L Diggs, C Locke, E Brandt, W Long, CA Doolan, DL AF Patterson, Noelle B. Bruder, Joseph T. Limbach, Keith McGrath, Andrew Enright, Bill King, C. Richter Butman, Bryan T. Gowda, Kalpana Chen, Ping Konovalova, Svetlana Moretz, Samuel E. Zhou, Hong Diouf, Ababacar Richie, Thomas L. Li, Sheng Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter Locke, Emily Brandt, Walter Long, Carole A. Doolan, Denise L. TI Monovalent and bivalent adenovectored vaccines expressing the Plasmodium falciparum antigens AMA-1 and MSP1-42 (3D7) elicit functional antibodies in NZW rabbits SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 04-08, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Patterson, Noelle B.; Limbach, Keith; Gowda, Kalpana; Richie, Thomas L.; Doolan, Denise L.] Naval Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Bruder, Joseph T.; McGrath, Andrew; Enright, Bill; King, C. Richter; Butman, Bryan T.; Chen, Ping; Konovalova, Svetlana] GenVic Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Moretz, Samuel E.; Zhou, Hong; Diouf, Ababacar; Long, Carole A.] Natl Inst Hlth, NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Li, Sheng; Locke, Emily; Brandt, Walter] PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Bethesda, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter] United States Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 77 IS 5 SU S MA 48 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 228UN UT WOS:000250758200049 ER PT J AU McCasland, M Brent-Kirk, A Soisson, L Stoute, JA Ockenhouse, CF Waitumbi, J Ogutu, B Angov, E AF McCasland, Michael Brent-Kirk, Afiya Soisson, Lorraine Stoute, Jose A. Ockenhouse, Christian F. Waitumbi, John Ogutu, Bernhards Angov, Evelina TI Detecting antibody fine specificities to Plasmodium falciparum MSP1 subunits by particle based flow cytometry in naive and malaria experienced populations vaccinated with FMP1/AS02A SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 04-08, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [McCasland, Michael; Brent-Kirk, Afiya; Stoute, Jose A.; Ockenhouse, Christian F.; Angov, Evelina] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Waitumbi, John; Ogutu, Bernhards] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 77 IS 5 SU S MA 219 BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 228UN UT WOS:000250758200219 ER PT J AU Sedegah, M Regis, D Ganeshan, H Abot, S Banania, G Doolan, DL Limbach, K Bruder, J King, C Patterson, N Mendoza-Silveiras, J Reyes, S Williams, F Chuang, I Soisson, L Diggs, C Richie, T AF Sedegah, Martha Regis, David Ganeshan, Harini Abot, Stephen Banania, Glenna Doolan, Denise L. Limbach, Keith Bruder, Joseph King, Christopher Patterson, Noelle Mendoza-Silveiras, Jose Reyes, Sharina Williams, Frank Chuang, Ilin Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter Richie, Thomas TI Immunogenicity of a multi-stage, multi-antigen adenovirus-vectored Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 04-08, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Sedegah, Martha; Regis, David; Ganeshan, Harini; Abot, Stephen; Banania, Glenna; Doolan, Denise L.; Limbach, Keith; Patterson, Noelle; Mendoza-Silveiras, Jose; Reyes, Sharina; Richie, Thomas] Naval Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Bruder, Joseph; King, Christopher] GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Williams, Frank] Natl Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Diggs, Carter; Richie, Thomas] United States Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 77 IS 5 SU S MA 304 BP 86 EP 86 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 228UN UT WOS:000250758200303 ER PT J AU Chuang, I Regis, DR Sedegah, M Mendoza-Silveiras, J Bruder, JT King, RC Patterson, NB Limbach, K Casares, S Maiolatesi, S Soisson, L Diggs, C Weiss, W Doolan, DL Richie, TL AF Chuang, Ilin Regis, David R. Sedegah, Martha Mendoza-Silveiras, Jose Bruder, Joseph T. King, Richter C. Patterson, Noelle B. Limbach, Keith Casares, Sofia Maiolatesi, Santina Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter Weiss, Walter Doolan, Denise L. Richie, Thomas L. TI Developing DNA-prime adenovirus-boost vaccines for the prevention of malaria SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 04-08, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Chuang, Ilin; Regis, David R.; Sedegah, Martha; Mendoza-Silveiras, Jose; Patterson, Noelle B.; Limbach, Keith; Casares, Sofia; Maiolatesi, Santina; Weiss, Walter; Doolan, Denise L.; Richie, Thomas L.] Naval Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Bruder, Joseph T.; King, Richter C.] GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter] United State Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 77 IS 5 SU S MA 581 BP 167 EP 167 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 228UN UT WOS:000250758201043 ER PT J AU Khan, R Nahar, N Blum, L Hossain, MJ Gurley, ES Luby, S AF Khan, Rasheda Nahar, Nazmun Blum, Lauren Hossain, M. J. Gurley, Emily S. Luby, Stephen TI Preventing person to person transmission of Nipah virus: Cultural context SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 04-08, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Khan, Rasheda; Nahar, Nazmun; Hossain, M. J.; Gurley, Emily S.; Luby, Stephen] ICDDRB, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Blum, Lauren] US Agcy Int Dev, Kinshasa, Congo. RI Gurley, Emily/B-7903-2010 OI Gurley, Emily/0000-0002-8648-9403 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 77 IS 5 SU S MA 933 BP 267 EP 267 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 228UN UT WOS:000250758201392 ER PT J AU Bezemer, PJ Maassen, GF van den Bosch, FAJ Volberda, HW AF Bezemer, Pieter-Jan Maassen, Gregory F. van den Bosch, Frans Al. J. Volberda, Henk W. TI Investigating the development of the internal and external service tasks of non-executive directors: the case of the Netherlands (1997-2005) SO CORPORATE GOVERNANCE-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Corporate Governance and Board Leadership CY OCT, 2006 CL Henley, ENGLAND DE corporate governance codes; non-executive directors; the Netherlands ID CORPORATE GOVERNANCE; BOARD COMPOSITION; NETWORK TIES; PERFORMANCE; STRATEGY; IMPACT; ORGANIZATION; ENVIRONMENT; CODES; MODEL AB During the last decade, globalisation and liberalisation of financial markets, changing societal expectations and corporate governance scandals have increased the attention for the fiduciary duties of non-executive directors. In this context, recent corporate governance reform initiatives have emphasised the control task and independence of non-executive directors. However, little attention has been paid to their impact on the external and internal service tasks of non-executive directors. Therefore, this paper investigates how the service tasks of non-executive directors have evolved in the Netherlands. Data on corporate governance at the top-100 listed companies in the Netherlands between 1997 and 2005 show that the emphasis on non-executive directors' external service task has shifted to their internal service task, i.e. from non-executive directors acting as boundary spanners; to non-executive directors providing advice and counselling to executive directors. This shift in board responsibilities affects non-executive directors' ability to generate network benefits through board relationships and has implications for non-executive directors' functional requirements. C1 [Bezemer, Pieter-Jan; Maassen, Gregory F.; van den Bosch, Frans Al. J.; Volberda, Henk W.] RSM Erasmus Univ, Dept Strateg Management & Business Environm, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Maassen, Gregory F.] USAID, Yerevan, Armenia. [van den Bosch, Frans Al. J.] Erasmus Univ, Sch Management, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Bezemer, PJ (reprint author), RSM Erasmus Univ, Dept Strateg Management & Business Environm, POB 1738, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM pbezemer@rsm.nl RI Van Den Bosch, Frans/A-4047-2010; VOLBERDA, HENK/A-4042-2010; Bezemer, Pieter-Jan/J-1336-2012 OI VOLBERDA, HENK/0000-0003-0654-6824; NR 51 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8410 J9 CORP GOV JI Corp. Gov. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1119 EP 1129 PG 11 WC Business; Business, Finance; Management SC Business & Economics GA 251GM UT WOS:000252360700010 ER PT J AU Pyke, CR Bierwagen, BG Furlow, J Gamble, J Johnson, T Julius, S West, J AF Pyke, Christopher R. Bierwagen, Britta G. Furlow, John Gamble, Janet Johnson, Thomas Julius, Susan West, Jordan TI A decision inventory approach for improving decision support for climate change impact assessment and adaption SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY LA English DT Article DE decision support; decision making; climate change; climate adaptation; knowledge management ID RATIONAL CHOICE; UNITED-STATES; RISK COMMUNICATION; SYSTEMS; TECHNOLOGY; KNOWLEDGE; POLICY; ORGANIZATIONS; DYNAMICS; MANAGERS AB Assessing and adapting to the impacts of climate change requires balancing social, economic, and environmental factors in the context of an ever-expanding range of objectives, uncertainties, and management options. The term decision support describes a diverse class of resources designed to help manage this complexity and assist decision makers in understanding impacts and evaluating management options. Most climate-related decision support resources implicitly assume that decision making is primarily limited by the quantity and quality of available information. However, a wide variety of evidence suggests that institutional, political, and communication processes are also integral to organizational decision making. Decision support resources designed to address these processes are underrepresented in existing tools. These persistent biases in the design and delivery of decision support may under-mine efforts to move decision support from research to practice. The development of new approaches to decision support that consider a wider range of relevant issues is limited by the lack of information about the characteristics, context, and alternatives associated with climate-related decisions. We propose a new approach called a decision assessment and decision inventory that will provide systematic information describing the relevant attributes of climate-related decisions. This information can be used to improve the design of decision support resources, as well as to prioritize research and development investments. Application of this approach will help provide more effective decision support based on a balanced foundation of analytical tools, environmental data, and relevant information about decisions and decision makers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 CTG Energet Inc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. US EPA, Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Climate Change Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Pyke, CR (reprint author), CTG Energet Inc, 101 N Columbus St,Suite 401, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. EM cpyke@ctgenergetics.com RI Bierwagen, Britta/G-5943-2010 NR 92 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-9011 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY JI Environ. Sci. Policy PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 10 IS 7-8 BP 610 EP 621 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2007.05.001 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 236LZ UT WOS:000251305800003 ER PT J AU MacDonald, P Stanton, ME AF MacDonald, P. Stanton, M. E. TI USAID program for the prevention and treatment of vaginal fistula SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS LA English DT Article DE obstetric fistula; sexual violence; traumatic gynecologic; fistula AB The cornerstone of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) fistula program is to support and strengthen Local capacity for fistula repair. The USAID program includes support to upgrade facilities, enhance local surgical repair capability, allocate equipment and supplies to operating rooms, implement quality improvement systems, and cover the women's transportation costs to and from the treatment facilities. The program also offers training in clinical and counseling skills; transferring skills South-to-South; and monitoring and evaluating the program's effectiveness. As new fistula cases continually increase the backlog of untreated cases, its efforts are also directed toward the prevention of fistula and the reintegration of treated women into their communities. Furthermore, the program challenges the culture of sexual violence against women that leads to traumatic gynecologic fistulas. (C) 2007 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Serv Delivery Improvement, GH PRH SDI, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP MacDonald, P (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Serv Delivery Improvement, GH PRH SDI, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM pmacdonatd@usaid.gov NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0020-7292 J9 INT J GYNECOL OBSTET JI Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 99 SU 1 BP S112 EP S116 DI 10.1016/j.ijgo.2007.06.031 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 226KW UT WOS:000250589000023 PM 17869253 ER PT J AU Green, MD van Eijk, AM ter Kuile, FOV Ayisi, JG Parise, ME Kager, PA Nahlen, BL Steketee, R Nettey, H AF Green, Michael D. van Eijk, Annemieke M. ter Kuile, Feiko O. van Ayisi, John G. Parise, Monica E. Kager, Piet A. Nahlen, Bernard L. Steketee, Richard Nettey, Henry TI Pharmacokinetics of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in HIV-infected and uninfected pregnant women in western Kenya SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; MALARIA; MEFLOQUINE; EFFICACY; HEALTHY; MALAWI AB Background. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is among the most commonly used antimalarial drugs during pregnancy, yet the pharmacokinetics of SP are unknown in pregnant women. HIV-infected (HIV+) women require more frequent doses of intermittent preventive therapy with SP than do HIV- uninfected (HIV-) women. We investigated whether this reflects their impaired immunity or an HIV- associated alteration in the disposition of SP. Methods. Seventeen pregnant HIV- women and 16 pregnant HIV+ women received a dose of 1500 mg of sulfadoxine and 75 mg of pyrimethamine. Five HIV- and 6 HIV+ postpartum women returned 2-3 months after delivery for another dose. The pharmacokinetics of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine were compared between these groups. Results. HIV status did not affect the area under the curve (AUC(0 ->infinity)) or the half-lives of sulfadoxine or pyrimethamine in prepartum or postpartum women, although partum status did have a significant affect on sulfadoxine pharmacokinetics. Among prepartum women, the median half-life for sulfadoxine was significantly shorter than that observed in postpartum women (148 vs 256 h; P<.001), and the median AUC(0 ->infinity) was similar to 40% lower (22,816 vs 40,106 mg/ mL/ h, P<.001). HIV status and partum status did not show any significant influence on pyrimethamine pharmacokinetics. Conclusion. Pregnancy significantly modifies the disposition of SP, whereas HIV status has little influence on pharmacokinetic parameters in pregnant women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med &AIDS, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. PATH, Ferney Voltaire, France. RP Green, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop F12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MGreen@cdc.gov OI ter Kuile, Feiko/0000-0003-3663-5617 NR 22 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 196 IS 9 BP 1403 EP 1408 DI 10.1086/522632 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 218JC UT WOS:000250010800020 PM 17922406 ER PT J AU Dao, H Mofenson, LM Ekpini, R Gilks, CF Barnhart, M Bolu, O Shaffer, N AF Dao, Halima Mofenson, Lynne M. Ekpini, Rene Gilks, Charles F. Barnhart, Matthew Bolu, Omotayo Shaffer, Nathan TI International recommendations on antiretroviral drugs for treatment of HIV-infected women and prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in resource-limited settings: 2006 update SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral; HIV; prevention of mother-to-child transmission ID SINGLE-DOSE NEVIRAPINE; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SHORT-COURSE ZIDOVUDINE; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; RESISTANT HIV-1; BREAST-MILK; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE AB The World Health Organization recommends that countries adopt more effective antiretroviral regimens to increase the effectiveness of the prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission programs. The 2006 guidelines recommend a tiered approach for the delivery of antiretroviral to pregnant women who are infected with HIV and include triple-drug antiretroviral treatment for those women who are eligible. Those women who are not eligible for antiretroviral treatment should receive a combination prophylaxis antiretroviral regimen, preferably zidovudine from 28 weeks of gestation; zidovudine, lamivudine, and a single dose of nevirapine during delivery; and zidovudine and lamivudine for 7 days after delivery to reduce the development of nevirapine resistance. Newborn infants should receive a single dose of nevirapine and 1-4 weeks of zidovudine, depending on the duration of the regimen received by the mother. Although steps are being taken to provide more effective regimens, the use of single-dose nevirapine alone should still be used in situations in which more effective regimens are not yet feasible or available. HIV transmission through breastfeeding remains a problem, and several interventions are under evaluation that include maternal and/or infant antiretroviral prophylaxis during breastfeeding. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD TB Prevent, Global AIDS Progam, Prevent Mother To Child Transmiss HIV Team, Atlanta, GA USA. NICHHD, Pediat Adolescent & Mat AIDS Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. World Hlth Org, HIV Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. USAID, Off HIV AIDS, Div Tech Leadership & Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Dao, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD TB Prevent, Global AIDS Progam, Prevent Mother To Child Transmiss HIV Team, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA USA. EM hcd1@cdc.gov RI Gilks, Charles/B-4184-2012 NR 65 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 197 IS 3 SU 1 BP S42 EP S55 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.001 PG 14 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 212GR UT WOS:000249582700007 PM 17825650 ER PT J AU Soto, RJ Ghee, AE Nunez, CA Mayorga, R Tapia, KA Astete, SG Hughes, JP Buffardi, AL Holte, SE Holmes, KK AF Soto, Ramon J. Ghee, Annette E. Nunez, Cesar A. Mayorga, Ruben Tapia, Kenneth A. Astete, Sabina G. Hughes, James P. Buffardi, Anne L. Holte, Sarah E. Holmes, King K. CA Estudio Multicentrico Study Team TI Sentinel surveillance of sexually transmitted infections/HIV and risk behaviors in vulnerable populations in 5 Central American countries SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE Central America; HIV; sentinel surveillance; sexual behavior; sexually transmitted disease; vulnerable populations ID FEMALE SEX WORKERS; SIMPLEX-VIRUS TYPE-1; HARD-TO-REACH; HIV SURVEILLANCE; MEXICO-CITY; MEN; ANTIBODIES; WOMEN; SEROPREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION AB In El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama, we recruited 2466 female sex workers (FSWs) by probabilistic or comprehensive sampling and 1418 men who have sex with men (MSM) by convenience sampling to measure sociobehavioral risk and sexually transmitted infections. For MSM, HIV seroprevalence ranged from 7.6% in Nicaragua to 15.3% in El Salvador, and estimated HIV seroincidence per 100 person-years ranged from 2.7 in Panama to 14.4 in Nicaragua; 61% reported using condoms consistently with casual male partners, 29% reported exposure to behavioral interventions, and 22% reported recent sex with male and female partners. For FSWs, HIV seroprevalence ranged from 0.2% in Nicaragua and Panama to 9.6% in Honduras, where estimated HIV seroincidence was also highest (3.2 per 100 person-years); 77% and 72% of FSWs reported using condoms consistently with new and regular clients. Herpes simplex (HSV)-2 seroprevalence averaged 85.3% in FSWs and 48.2% in MSM, and syphilis seropositivity averaged 9.6% in FSWs and 8.3%, in MSM. Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae prevalences in FSWs averaged 20.1% and 8.1%, and Trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis prevalences averaged 11.0% and 54.8%. An ongoing HIV epidemic involves Central American MSM with potential bridging to women. In FSWs, HSV-2 infection was associated with HIV infection (odds ratio = 11.0, 95% confidence interval: 2.9 to 7.9). For these vulnerable populations, prevention must incorporate acceptable and effective sexual health services, including improved condom access and promotion. C1 Univ Washington, Ctr AIDS & Sexually Transmitted Dis, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Reg Off Latin Amer & Caribbean, World Vis Int, San Jose, Costa Rica. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USAID, Program Strengthening Cent Amer Response HIV, Proyecto Acc SIDA Centroamericano, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Organizac Apoyo Sexualidad Integral Frente SIDA, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. RP Holmes, KK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Ctr AIDS & Sexually Transmitted Dis, 325 9th Ave,POB 359931, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM worthy@u.washington.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI27757, T32 AI07140] NR 45 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 101 EP 111 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 206RZ UT WOS:000249201900014 PM 17972366 ER PT J AU Alemu, H Mariam, DH Belay, KA Davey, G AF Alemu, Hibret Mariam, Damen Haile Belay, Kassahun Abate Davey, Gail TI Factors predisposing out-of-school youths to HIV/AIDS-related risky sexual behaviour in northwest Ethiopia SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH POPULATION AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; cross-sectional studies; descriptive studies; HIV; risk factors; sex behaviour; sexually transmitted diseases; Ethiopia AB Ethiopia is a developing country with a demographic profile dominated by a young population. Due to biological, psychological, sociocultural and economic factors, young people, particularly those aged 15-24 years, are generally at a high risk of HIV/AIDS and other reproductive health problems. This paper presents results of a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in Bahir Dar town, northwest Ethiopia, to assess factors that predispose out-of-school youths to HIV/AIDS-related risk behaviours. Both quantitative and qualitative data-collection methods were employed to conduct the study. For quantitative data collection, a household interview survey was conducted among 628 out-of-school youths, aged 15-24 years, within the 17 kebeles (villages) of the town. The number of respondents in each kebele was assigned proportional to the size of kebele, and the required numbers of respondents within each kebele were selected through a systematic random-sampling technique. Qualitative data were collected by conducting five focus-group discussions with 46 participants and in-depth interviews with 10 participants. Institutional ethical clearance and informed verbal consent from the study participants were obtained before undertaking the study. Of the 628 study subjects, 64.8% had experienced sexual intercourse at the time of the survey. The mean age at first sexual commencement was 17.7 (+2) years. Of those sexually active, 33% had sexual intercourse with non-regular partners (the proportions were 40.6% among males and 24.7% among females, suggesting that males tended to be about two times more likely to have sex with non-regular sexual partners than females (odds ratio=1.78, with 95% confidence interval 1.16-2.73). Furthermore, consistent condom-use among those who had sex in exchange for money was low (36%). Alcohol intake, chewing of khat (a green leaf), low educational background, and being male were significantly associated with having sex with either a commercial or a non-regular sexual partner. In view of the magnitude of high-risk sexual behaviours among out-of-school youths that may expose them to HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections, efforts need to be exerted to deal with the identified predisposing factors and to address the problems of idleness, lack of jobs, and hopelessness. C1 Univ Addis Ababa, Fac Med, Dept Commun Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. USAID Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Mariam, DH (reprint author), Univ Addis Ababa, Fac Med, Dept Commun Hlth, PO Box 11950, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM hcfp.aau@ethionet.et OI Davey, Gail/0000-0003-2796-7468 NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU I C D D R B-CENTRE HEALTH POPULATION RESEARCH PI DHAKA PA MOHAKHALI, 1212 DHAKA, BANGLADESH SN 1606-0997 J9 J HEALTH POPUL NUTR JI J. Heatlh Popul. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 BP 344 EP 350 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 238HK UT WOS:000251437900011 PM 18330068 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Hall, P Ruebush, TK Williams, A Grady, KK Bounngaseng, A Nace, D Williams, T Huber, C Galland, GG Barnwell, JW Sullivan, JJ AF Collins, William E. Sullivan, Joann S. Hall, Patrice Ruebush, Trenton K., II Williams, Allison Grady, Katharine K. Bounngaseng, Amy Nace, Douglas Williams, Tyrone Huber, Curtis Galland, G. Gale Barnwell, John W. Sullivan, James J. TI Adaptation of a multi-drug resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum from Peru to Aotus lemurinus griseimembra, A-nancymaae, and A-vociferans monkeys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MALARIA; INVITRO; CULTIVATION AB A strain of Plasmodium falciparum from Peru was adapted to splenectomized Aotus nancymaae and Aotus vociferans monkeys. The Peru 134/CDC strain of P. falciparum was shown to be resistant to treatment with chloroquine in monkeys and partially resistant to mefloquine and malarone. Genetic mutations in crt, dhfr, dhps, and cytochrome b genes conferring drug resistance were also determined for this Peruvian strain of P. falciparum. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Animal Resources Branch, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Mail Stop F-36,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM wecl@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 77 IS 2 BP 261 EP 265 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 198OW UT WOS:000248638400011 PM 17690397 ER PT J AU Curtis, C AF Curtis, Carolyn TI Meeting health care needs of women experiencing complications of miscarriage and unsafe abortion: USAID's postabortion care program SO JOURNAL OF MIDWIFERY & WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article DE abortion; incomplete; abortion; spontaneous; family planning services; pregnancy; unplanned; maternal mortality; miscarriage ID ASSOCIATION; INFECTION AB Each year, an estimated 210 million women become pregnant. Worldwide, more than one fourth of these pregnancies will end in abortion or an unplanned birth. While many abortions may result from the desire to delay or avoid pregnancy, 15% to 20% of pregnancies will end in miscarriage or stillbirth with some causative agents being malaria, HIV/AIDS, and physical violence. Postabortion care (PAC) is needed to provide treatment for complications caused by incomplete or spontaneous abortion and critical family planning counseling and services to prevent future unplanned pregnancies that may result in repeat abortions. In 2003, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) initiated a 5-year strategy wherein seven countries were provided financial funding and technical assistance. Since 2003, more than 3000 women have been seen in health centers and health posts for PAC services; more than 14,000 community members have received messages on unsafe abortion; family planning, and complications of unsafe abortion and miscarriage; and more than 600 documents were reviewed for inclusion in a global PAC resource package. This package has been used for developing Cambodia's national PAC policy and for developing patient education materials and provider job aids in Cambodia and Tanzania. These promising methodologies will be replicated in other countries. (c) 2007 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Curtis, C (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Global Hlth Bur, 1300 Penn Ave,NW,Room 3-6-56, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM ccurtis@usaid.gov NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1526-9523 J9 J MIDWIFERY WOM HEAL JI J. Midwifery Women Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 368 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.jmwh.2007.03.005 PG 8 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 189YS UT WOS:000248025400007 PM 17603959 ER PT J AU Cassell, MM Surdo, A AF Cassell, Michael M. Surdo, Alison TI Testing the limits of case finding for HIV prevention SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONCURRENT SEXUAL PARTNERSHIPS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; RISK BEHAVIOR; COITAL ACT; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; COUPLES; UGANDA AB HIV testing technologies have been available for two decades, but concerns about stigma and discrimination have historically tempered the application of case finding-a cornerstone of public-health practice-to combat the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The recent expansion of access to HIV treatment has resulted in a shift of emphasis from pairing testing with rigorous risk-reduction prevention counselling, to applying testing to find infected individuals, address their care and treatment needs, and prevent them from infecting others. However, the efficacy of case finding for infectious disease prevention is contingent on two basic principles: the ability to identify infected individuals before further transmission occurs, and the availability of effective strategies to prevent such transmission from taking place. Although there is evidence that specific approaches to HIV counselling and testing can support behaviour change, both high infectivity during early HIV infection and specific sexual network structures could combine to substantially limit our ability to identify cases before ongoing transmission occurs. Facilitating the broader adoption of prevention behaviours therefore remains essential to prevent the continued spread of HIV. C1 USAID, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Cassell, MM (reprint author), USAID, Off HIV AIDS, GH 5-10-13,RRB, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM mcassell@usaid.gov NR 53 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 7 BP 491 EP 495 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70114-7 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 184EF UT WOS:000247623200021 PM 17537675 ER PT J AU Mani, N AF Mani, Nithya TI HIV/AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material DE HIV/AIDS; Middle East; North Africa C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 SU 3 BP S97 EP S99 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 202PA UT WOS:000248914300040 ER PT J AU Koenig, MA Jamil, K Streatfield, PK Saha, T Al-Sabir, A El Arifeen, S Hill, K Haque, Y AF Koenig, Michael A. Jamil, Kanta Streatfield, Peter K. Saha, Tulshi Al-Sabir, Ahmed El Arifeen, Shams Hill, Ken Haque, Yasmin TI Maternal health and care-seeking behavior in Bangladesh: Findings from a national survey SO INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID RURAL BANGLADESH; OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS; MORTALITY; DISTRICT; RECALL; COST AB CONTEXT: Although the reduction of maternal mortality levels is a key Millennium Development Goal, community-based evidence on obstetric complications and maternal care-seeking behavior remains limited in low-resource countries. METHODS: This study presents an overview of key findings from the 2007 Bangladesh Maternal Health Services and Maternal Mortality Survey of ever-married women aged 13-49. The survey collected data on the prevalence of obstetric complications, women's knowledge of life-threatening complications, treatment-seeking behavior and reasons for delay in seeking medical care. RESULTS: Bangladeshi women report low but increasing use of antenatal core, as well as low rates of delivery in a health facility or with the assistance of a skilled provider. Although almost half of women reported having one or more complications during pregnancy that they perceived as life threatening, only one in three sought treatment from a qualified provider. More than three-fourths of women with the time-sensitive complications of convulsions or excessive bleeding either failed to seek any treatment or sought treatment from an unqualified provider. The principal reason cited for failing to seek care for life-threatening complications was concern over medical costs, and pronounced socioeconomic disparities were found for maternal care-seeking behavior in both urban and rural Bangladesh. CONCLUSIONS: Despite these gaps in access to skilled delivery and effective emergency obstetric care, some progress has been made in reducing maternal mortality levels. Improved obstetric care and declining levels of fertility and unwanted pregnancy may have played critical roles in addressing the maternal health care needs of Bangladeshi women. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Hlth & Demog Surveillance Unit, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Child Hlth Unit, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. NIAAA, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Inst Populat Res & Training, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Harvard Ctr Populat & Dev Studies, Cambridge, MA USA. UNICEF, Colombo, Sri Lanka. RP Koenig, MA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM mkoenig@jhsph.edu RI Sandall, Jane/D-4146-2009 OI Sandall, Jane/0000-0003-2000-743X NR 31 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 125 MAIDEN LANE, 7TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10038 USA SN 0190-3187 J9 INT FAM PLAN PERSPEC JI Int. Fam. Plan. Perspect. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1363/3307507 PG 8 WC Demography; Family Studies; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Family Studies; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 186BF UT WOS:000247753400004 PM 17588851 ER PT J AU Polhemus, ME Magill, AJ Cummings, JF Kester, KE Ockenhouse, CF Lanar, DE Dutta, S Barbosa, A Soisson, L Diggs, CL Robinson, SA Haynes, JD Stewart, VA Ware, LA Brando, C Krzych, U Bowden, RA Cohen, JD Dubois, MC Ofori-Anyinam, O De-Kock, E Ballou, WR Heppner, DG AF Polhemus, Mark E. Magill, Alan J. Cummings, James F. Kester, Kent E. Ockenhouse, Chris F. Lanar, David E. Dutta, Sheetij Barbosa, Arnoldo Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter L. Robinson, Sally A. Haynes, John D. Stewart, V. Ann Ware, Lisa A. Brando, Clara Krzych, Urszula Bowden, Robert A. Cohen, Joe D. Dubois, Marie-Claude Ofori-Anyinam, Opokua De-Kock, Els Ballou, W. Ripley Heppner, D. Gray, Jr. TI Phase I dose escalation safety and immunogenicity trial of Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane protein (AMA-1) FMP2.1, adjuvanted with AS02A, in malariu-naive adults at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE apical membrane antigen; processing inhibition assay; FMT2.1; AS02A; malaria; vaccine; falciparum; recombinant protein; growth inhibition assay ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; NATURAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; BLOOD-STAGE MALARIA; INHIBITORY ANTIBODIES; ANTIGEN-1 AMA1; CLINICAL-TRIAL; VACCINE; PROTECTION; INVASION; INFECTION AB We report the first safety and immunogenicity trial of the Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidate FMP2.1/AS02A, a recombinant E. coli-expressed protein based upon the apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) of the 3D7 clone formulated with the AS02A adjuvant. We conducted an open-label, staggered-start, dose-escalating Phase I trial in 23 malaria-naive volunteers who received 8, 20 or 40 mu g of FMP2.1 in a fixed volume of 0.5 mL of AS02A on a 0, 1, and 2 month schedule. Nineteen of 23 volunteers received all three scheduled immunizations. The most frequent solicited local and systemic adverse events associated with immunization were injection site pain (68%) and headache (29%). There were no significant laboratory abnormalities or vaccine-related serious adverse events. All volunteers seroconverted after second immunization as determined by ELISA. Immune sera recognized sporozoites and merozoites by immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and exhibited both growth inhibition and processing inhibition activity against homologous (3D7) asexual stage parasites. Post-immunization, peripheral blood mononuculear cells exhibited FMP2.1-specific lymphoproliferation and IFN-gamma and IL-5 ELISPOT assay responses. This is the first PfAMA-1-based vaccine shown to elicit both potent Immoral and cellular immunity in humans. Encouraged by the potential of FMP1/AS02A to target host immunity against PfAMA-1 that is known to be expressed by sporozoite, hepatic and erythrocytic stages, we have initiated field trials of FMP2.1/AS02A in an endemic population in the Republic of Mali. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. USA, Med Res Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Polhemus, ME (reprint author), WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM mpolhemus@wrp-ksm.org RI Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011; Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802; NR 35 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 22 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 21 BP 4203 EP 4212 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.03.012 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 184KS UT WOS:000247640900011 PM 17442466 ER PT J AU Maher, D Dye, C Floyd, K Pantoja, A Lonnroth, K Reid, A Nathanson, E Pennas, T Fruth, U Cunningham, J Ignatius, H Raviglione, MC Koek, I Espinal, M AF Maher, Dermot Dye, Chris Floyd, Katherine Pantoja, Andrea Lonnroth, Knut Reid, Alasdair Nathanson, Eva Pennas, Thad Fruth, Uli Cunningham, Jane Ignatius, Heather Raviglione, Mario C. Koek, Irene Espinal, Marcos TI Planning to improve global health: the next decade of tuberculosis control SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; STOP TB; IMPACT; MODEL AB The Global Plan to Stop TB 2006-2015 is a road map for policy-makers and managers of national programmes. It sets out the key actions needed to achieve the targets of the Millennium Development Goals relating to tuberculosis (T13): to halve the prevalence and deaths by 2015 relative to 1990 levels and to save 14 million lives. Developed by a broad coalition of partners, the plan presents a model approach combining interventions that can feasibly be supplied on the ground. The main areas of activity set out in the plan are: scaling up interventions to control tuberculosis; promoting the research and development of improved diagnostics, drugs and vaccines; and engaging in related activities for advocacy, communications and social mobilization. Scenarios for the planning process were developed; these looked at issues both globally and in seven epidemiological regions. The scenarios made ambitious but realistic assumptions about the pace of scale-up and implementation coverage of the activities. A mathematical model was used to estimate the impact of scaling up current interventions based on data from studies of tuberculosis biology and from experience with tuberculosis control in diverse settings. The estimated costs of the activities set out in the Global Plan were based on implementing interventions and researching and developing drugs, diagnostics and vaccines; these costs were US$ 56 billion over 10 years. When translated into cost per disability adjusted life year averted, these costs compare favourably with those of other public health interventions. This approach to planning for global tuberculosis control is a valuable example of developing plans to improve global health that has relevance for other health issues. C1 WHO, Stop TB Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, Dept Immunizat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, Special Programme Res & Training Trop Dis, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Stop TB Partnership, Working Grp New Drugs, New York, NY USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Infect Dis Div, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. WHO, Stop TB Partnership Secretariat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Koek, I (reprint author), WHO, Stop TB Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM ikoek@usaid.gov RI Lonnroth, Knut/L-2339-2014 OI Lonnroth, Knut/0000-0001-5054-8240 NR 27 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 85 IS 5 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.2471/BLT.06.037820 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 172FV UT WOS:000246790400008 PM 17639217 ER PT J AU Krakauer, EL Minh, NT Green, K Van Kham, L Khue, LN AF Krakauer, Eric L. Minh, Nguyen Thi Green, Kimberly Van Kham, Le Khue, Luong Ngoc TI Vietnam: Integrating palliative care into HIV/AIDS and cancer care SO JOURNAL OF PAIN AND SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE palliative care; AIDS; cancer; Vietnam; developing country; opioids AB Vietnam is struggling to meet the growing need for both disease-modifying and Palliative care for people with life-threatening chronic diseases such as HIV/AIDS and cancer. Recently, Vietnam initiated rapid development of a national palliative care program for HIV/AIDS and cancer patients that builds on existing palliative care programs and experience and integrates palliative care into standard HIV/AIDS and cancer care. National palliative care guidelines have been issued by the Ministry of Health based on a rapid situation analysis. Plans now call for review and revision of opioid laws and regulations to increase availability of opioids for medical use, training in palliative care for clinicians throughout the country, and development of palliative care programs both in the community and in inpatient referral centers. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Palliat Care, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Viatnam CDC Harvard Med Sch AIDS Partnership, Boston, MA USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Hanoi, Vietnam. Family Hlth Int, Hanoi, Vietnam. Minist Hlth, Dept Therapy, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Krakauer, EL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Palliat Care, 641 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM ekrakauer@partners.org FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU122408-04] NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0885-3924 J9 J PAIN SYMPTOM MANAG JI J. Pain Symptom Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 33 IS 5 BP 578 EP 583 DI 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.02.004 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal; Clinical Neurology SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 171OO UT WOS:000246745500018 PM 17482051 ER PT J AU Durand, S Marquino, W Cabezas, C Utz, G Fiestas, V Cairo, J Puray, M Lucas, C Salas, C Gutierrez, S Arrospide, N Bacon, DJ Ruebush, TK AF Durand, Salomon Marquino, Wilmer Cabezas, Cesar Utz, Gregory Fiestas, Victor Cairo, Javier Puray, Maritza Lucas, Carmen Salas, Carola Gutierrez, Sonia Arrospide, Nancy Bacon, David J. Ruebush, Trenton K., II TI Unusual pattern of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance in the northwestern Peruvian Amazon region SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE; MALARIA; MUTATIONS; SURVEILLANCE; MEFLOQUINE; EFFICACY AB High levels of Plasniodium falciparum resistance to both chloroquine (CQ) and sulfadoxin-epyrimethamine (SP) have been documented throughout the Amazon Basin of South America. Because of reports about the persistent efficacy of both of these drugs in the northwestern Peruvian Amazon region, we carried out an evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine (25 mg/kg) and SP (25 mg/kg of the sulfadoxine component) for the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum infections at two sites: Ullpayacu and Pampa Hermoza/Alianza. A total of Ill patients were enrolled. Only 5 (14.3%) of the 35 patients who received CQ had an adequate clinical and parasitologic response (ACPR). Six subjects (17%) had early treatment failure, 1 (2.9%) had late clinical failure, and 23 (65.7%) had late parasitologic failure (LPF). Of the subjects treated with SP, 92.3% had ACPR and 7.7% had LPF. Based on these findings, it is clear that there are at least limited areas within the Peruvian Amazon region where P. falciparum strains continue to be sensitive to SP. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Lima, Peru. Natl Inst Hlth, Lima, Peru. RP Ruebush, TK (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM truebush@usaid.gov RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI durand, salomon/0000-0002-5923-8879; FIESTAS, VICTOR/0000-0002-5554-3542; ARROSPIDE, NANCY/0000-0001-5031-5850 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 BP 614 EP 618 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 155UV UT WOS:000245604800003 PM 17426158 ER PT J AU Beksinska, M Joanis, C Manning, J Smit, J Callahan, M Deperthes, B Usher-Patel, M AF Beksinska, Mags Joanis, Carol Manning, Judy Smit, Jenni Callahan, Marianne Deperthes, Bidia Usher-Patel, Margaret TI Standardized definitions of failure modes for female condoms SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Editorial Material DE failure mode; female condom; male condom ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; SEX WORKERS; BREAKAGE; SLIPPAGE; THAILAND; TRIAL; ACCEPTABILITY; WOMEN AB Definitions of male condom failure modes are now well documented, and failure events are usually reported as the proportion of the total number of condoms used and the proportion of men/couples who experience an event. The lack of standardized definitions for female condom (FC) failure has led to variability in reporting and hence difficulties in making comparisons across studies. As a result, the World Health Organization convened a technical review committee meeting in January 2006 through which the members compiled and agreed to a standard list of terms and definitions for each of the failure modes. These failure modes apply to FCs currently marketed or in advanced stages of clinical testing. They were designed to assist in the review and comparative assessment of different FCs. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Witwatersrand, Westridge Med Ctr, Reprod Hlth & HIV Res Unit, ZA-4091 Mayville, South Africa. Family Hlth Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. CONRAD, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. UN Populat Fund, New York, NY 10017 USA. WHO, UN Dev Programme, UN Populat Fund,World Bank Special Programme Res, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, Geneva 27, Switzerland. RP Beksinska, M (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Westridge Med Ctr, Reprod Hlth & HIV Res Unit, ZA-4091 Mayville, South Africa. EM m.beksinska@rhru.co.za NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 4 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2006.10.003 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 152YS UT WOS:000245398900002 PM 17362701 ER PT J AU Pritchett, YL Marciniak, MD Corey-Lisle, PK Berzon, RA Desaiah, D Detke, MJ AF Pritchett, Ylli L. Marciniak, Martin D. Corey-Lisle, Patricia K. Berzon, Richard A. Desaiah, Durisala Detke, Michael J. TI Use of effect size to determine optimal dose of duloxetine in major depressive disorder SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE duloxetine; effect size; dose response; optimal dose; MDD ID NOREPINEPHRINE-REUPTAKE; CONTROLLED TRIAL; RATING-SCALE; PLACEBO; PHARMACOKINETICS; CITALOPRAM; PAROXETINE; INHIBITOR; SEROTONIN; SAFETY AB Objective: At effective doses, patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) treated with duloxetine have been found to experience significant symptom improvement as measured by HAMD(17) total score. In addition, duloxetine-treated patients have significantly higher remission and response rates compared with placebo. The objective of this analysis is to determine the optimal dose of duloxetine in MDD. Materials and methods: Effect size for duloxetine 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg, and 120 mg per day were estimated using all 6 acute phase III clinical trials in patients with MDD. The tolerability of duloxetine 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg, and 120 mg were evaluated using pooled data from the 6 studies. The primary efficacy measure in all trials was the HAMD17 total score, from which were determined the effect size for HAMD17 change scores, response rates (50% reduction from baseline to endpoint), and remission rates (HAMD17 total score <= 7). Results: A total of 1619 randomized patients were included in these studies, of which 632 were treated with placebo; 177 with duloxetine 40 mg/day; 251 with 60 mg/day; 363 with 80 mg/day; and 196 with 120 mg/day. An evaluation of increments in effect size between doses consistently showed that the most notable gain in effect size for efficacy was the 40-60 mg/day dosage range. All dosages from 60 to 120 mg were effective. The tolerability assessment indicated duloxetine at 40-120 mg/day is well tolerated. Furthermore, the initial doses of 40-80 mg/day were found to have comparable tolerability. Conclusions: The effect size analyses demonstrate that duloxetine 40 mg has minimum efficacy, and that duloxetine 60-120 mg/day is effective in the treatment of patients with MDD. An initial dose less than 60 mg/day might provide better tolerability for some patients diagnosed with MDD. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Corp Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. Bristol Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Detke, MJ (reprint author), Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Corp Ctr, DC 6112, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. EM mdetke@lilly.com NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3956 J9 J PSYCHIAT RES JI J. Psychiatr. Res. PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3-4 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.06.013 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 122GP UT WOS:000243214000015 PM 16934840 ER PT J AU D'Silva, B Tecosky, O AF D'Silva, Brian Tecosky, Olivia TI Sub-regional integration in Sudan: the key to food security and recovery SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Food Aid Forum CY JUN 06-08, 2006 CL Khartoum, SUDAN SP World Food Programme, Tufts Univ, Feinstein Int Ctr DE fuel; infrastructure; local deficit; local purchase; local surplus; market AB The signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in Sudan has created a new opportunity for peace. Approaches to food security must now be reoriented based on the agro-ecological diversity in Sudan. WFP is in a unique position to catalyse an approach to food security that meets immediate needs and contributes to long-term recovery, in collaboration with the Government of National Unity (GNU) and the Government of South Sudan (GOSS). Aggregate food production in Sudan has increased in the past decade. At sub-regional levels, however, many areas remain food insecure. Major research must be undertaken to identify optimum levels of food production and barriers to access to food at sub-regional levels as a first step towards linking deficit areas with areas of surplus. Initiatives must also be undertaken to facilitate increased integration between sub-regions. Increased sub-regional linkages could ensure more efficient delivery of food in the short term as well as recovery and economic growth in the long term. C1 USAID, AFR, SD, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP D'Silva, B (reprint author), USAID, AFR, SD, 1325 G St NW,Suite 400, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM Bdsilva@afr-sd.org NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 2007 VL 31 SU 1 BP S124 EP S138 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.2007.00353.x PG 15 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 141QU UT WOS:000244594600009 PM 17349002 ER PT J AU Gillespie, D Ahmed, S Tsui, A Radloff, S AF Gillespie, Duff Ahmed, Saifuddin Tsui, Amy Radloff, Scott TI Unwanted fertility among the poor: an inequity? SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH; EQUITY; CHILD; MORTALITY AB Objective To determine if higher fertility and lower contraceptive use among the poorer segments of society should be considered an inequality, reflecting a higher desire for large families among the poor, or an inequity, a product of the poor being prevented from achieving their desired fertility to the same degree as wealthier segments of society. Methods Using the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys from 41 countries, we analysed the differences in fertility in light of modern contraceptive use, unwanted fertility (defined as actual fertility in excess of desired fertility) and the availability of family planning services found among poorer and wealthier segments of society. The asset index in each survey was used to construct wealth quintiles and the concentration index (CI) of income inequality was found in health variables. Findings The relationship between the CI found in the total fertility rate and the use of contraceptives was linear, R-square of 0.289. Unwanted births in the poorest quintile were more than twice that found in the wealthiest quintile, respectively 1.2 and 0.5, although there was wide variation among the 41 countries. The CI in our measure of family planning availability (radio messages, knowledge of services and contact with field workers) was largely positively associated with the CI in modern contraceptive prevalence, respectively R-squares of 0.392, 0.692 and 0.526. Conclusion In many countries the higher fertility and lower contraceptive use found among poorer relative to wealthier populations should be considered an inequity. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Bill & Melinda Gates Inst Populat & Reprod Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Gillespie, D (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Bill & Melinda Gates Inst Populat & Reprod Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. EM dgillesp@jhsph.edu RI Potter, Joseph/A-3122-2008 NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 85 IS 2 BP 100 EP 107 DI 10.2471/BLT.06.033829 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 136AB UT WOS:000244193900005 PM 17308730 ER PT J AU Peters, DH Noor, AA Singh, LP Kakar, FK Hansen, PM Burnham, G AF Peters, David H. Noor, Ayan Ahmed Singh, Lakhwinder P. Kakar, Faizullah K. Hansen, Peter M. Burnham, Gilbert TI A balanced scorecard for health services in Afghanistan SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID STATES AB The Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) in Afghanistan has developed a balanced scorecard (BSC) to regularly monitor the progress of its strategy to deliver a basic package of health services. Although frequently used in other health-care settings, this represents the first time that the BSC has been employed in a developing country. The BSC was designed via a collaborative process focusing on translating the vision and mission of the MOPH into 29 core indicators and benchmarks representing six different domains of health services, together with two composite measures of performance. In the absence of a routine health information system, the 2004 BSC for Afghanistan was derived from a stratified random sample of 617 health facilities, 5719 observations of patient-provider interactions, and interviews with 5597 patients, 1553 health workers, and 13 843 households. Nationally, health services were found to be reaching more of the poor than the less-poor population, and providing for more women than men, both key concerns of the government. However, serious deficiencies were found in five domains, and particularly in counselling patients, providing delivery care during childbirth, monitoring tuberculosis treatment, placing staff and equipment, and establishing functional village health councils. The BSC also identified wide variations in performance across provinces; no province performed better than the others across all domains. The innovative adaptation of the BSC in Afghanistan has provided a useful tool to summarize the. multidimensional nature of health-services performance, and is enabling managers to benchmark performance and identify strengths and weaknesses in the Afghan context. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Indian Inst Hlth Management Res, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Minist Publ Hlth Islam Republ Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan. RP Peters, DH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. EM dpeters@jhsph.edu OI Peters, David/0000-0001-8377-3444 NR 13 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 23 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 85 IS 2 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.2471/BLT.06.033746 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 136AB UT WOS:000244193900011 PM 17308736 ER PT J AU Stoute, JA Gombe, J Withers, MR Siangla, J McKinney, D Onyango, M Cummings, JF Milmane, J Tucker, K Soisson, L Stewart, VA Lyon, JA Angov, E Leach, A Cohen, J Kester, KE Ockenhouse, CF Holland, CA Diggs, CL Wittes, J Heppner, DG AF Stoute, Jose A. Gombe, Joash Withers, Mark R. Siangla, Joram McKinney, Denise Onyango, Melanie Cummings, James F. Milmane, Jessica Tucker, Kathryn Soisson, Lorraine Stewart, V. Ann Lyon, Jeffrey A. Angov, Evelina Leach, Amanda Cohen, Joe Kester, Kent E. Ockenhouse, Christian F. Holland, Carolyn A. Diggs, Carter L. Wittes, Janet Heppner, D. Gray, Jr. CA MSP-1 Malaria Vaccine Working Grp TI Phase 1 randomized double-blind safety an immunogenicity trial of Plasmodium falciparum malaria merozoite surface protein FMP1 vaccine, adjuvanted with AS02A, in adults in western Kenya SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Multilateral Initiative on Malaria Pan-African Malaria Conference CY NOV 17-22, 2002 CL ARUSHA, TANZANIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Agcy Int Dev, JHPIEGO Corp DE malaria; vaccine; merozoite surface protein; FMP1; AS02A; randomized controlled trials ID C-TERMINAL FRAGMENT; SERUM ANTIBODIES; AOTUS MONKEYS; CHALLENGE; ANEMIA; PROTECTION; EFFICACY; PARASITE; BURDEN AB We report the first trial of candidate malaria vaccine antigen FMP1, a 42kDa fragment from the C-terminus of merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) from the 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum, in an endemic area. Forty adult male and female residents of western Kenya were enrolled to receive 3 doses of either FMP1/AS02A or lmovax (R) rabies vaccine by intra-deltoid injection on a 0, 1, 2 month schedule. Thirty-seven volunteers received all three immunizations and 38 completed the 12-month evaluation period. Slightly more recipients of the FMP1/AS02A vaccine experienced any instance of pain at 24h post-immunization than in the Imovax (R) group. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USA, Resp Med Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Stat Collaborat Inc, Washington, DC USA. PATH, Malaria Vaccine Initiat, Bethesda, MD USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Biol SA, Rixensart, Belgium. RP Stoute, JA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jstoute@usuhs.mil RI Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011; Holland, Carolyn/B-7880-2011 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802; NR 24 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 2 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1 BP 176 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.11.037 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 125VO UT WOS:000243471500023 PM 16388879 ER PT B AU Maithya, JM Kimenye, LN Mugivane, FI Ramisch, JJ AF Maithya, J. M. Kimenye, L. N. Mugivane, F. I. Ramisch, J. J. BE Bationo, A Waswa, B Kihara, J Kimetu, J TI Profitability of agro-forestry based soil fertility management technologies: the case of small holder food production in Western Kenya SO ADVANCES IN INTEGRATED SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Biannual Meeting on Advances in Integrated Soil Fertility Management in Sub-Saharan Africa - Challenges and Opportunities CY MAY, 2004 CL Yaounde, CAMEROON DE food insecurity; soil nutrient depletion; improved fallows; financial profitability; social profitability; food production ID POLICY-ANALYSIS MATRIX AB Persistent food insecurity accompanied by low and declining farm household incomes are a common feature of many small holder maize and bean producers in western Kenya. This has been largely attributed to soil nutrient depletion, among other factors. One way of addressing soil fertility problems in many maize-based cropping systems is the use of agro-forestry based technologies. We carried out a survey in western Kenya (Vihiga and Siaya districts) aimed at analyzing the financial and social profitability of use of agroforestry based (improved tree fallows) and other soil fertility management technologies among smallholder farmers. The Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was used to determine the financial and social profitability of different production systems, which were categorized on the basis of the technology used to address soil fertility. Farm budgets were first prepared and in turn used to construct the PAMs for six production systems namely: maize-bean intercrop without any soil fertility management inputs; maize-bean intercrop with chemical fertilizers only; maize-bean intercrop with a combination of chemical fertilizers and improved fallows; maize-bean intercrop with improved fallows only; maize-bean intercrop with a combination of improved fallows and rock phosphate; and maize-bean intercrop with Farm Yard Manure (FYM) only. Results revealed that use of chemical fertilizers with improved fallows was the most profitable technology and thus the study recommended that farmers be encouraged to intensify the use of chemical fertilizers. To make chemical fertilizers more accessible to farmers, the study also recommended that good linkages be made between farmers and micro credit institutions so that small scale farmers are not actually biased against due to lack of collateral when credit is being advanced to clients. C1 [Maithya, J. M.] USAID Kenya Hort Dev Program, POB 3074 00506, Nairobi, Kenya. [Kimenye, L. N.; Mugivane, F. I.] Univ Nairobi, Dept Agr Econ, 29053 Nairobi, Kenya. [Ramisch, J. J.] Trop Soil Biol & Fertil Inst, TSBF, CIAT, 30677 Nairobi, Kenya. RP Maithya, JM (reprint author), USAID Kenya Hort Dev Program, POB 3074 00506, Nairobi, Kenya. EM jmaithya@fintrac.com FU Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Programme; Rockefeller Foundation FX We are so grateful to the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Programme and the Rockefeller Foundations Forum for Agricultural Resource Husbandry for the financial support that made this work possible. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-5759-5 PY 2007 BP 767 EP 779 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5760-1_72 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BGZ61 UT WOS:000251577700072 ER PT J AU Werny, DM Thompson, T Saraiya, M Freedman, D Kottiri, BJ German, RR Wener, M AF Werny, David M. Thompson, Trevor Saraiya, Mona Freedman, David Kottiri, Benny J. German, Robert R. Wener, Mark TI Obesity is negatively associated with prostate-specific antigen in US men, 2001-2004 SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; CANCER RISK; CAPSULAR INCISION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; SERUM-LEVELS; SIZE; PSA; FAT; AGE AB Background: Recent studies have shown a negative association between body mass index (BMI) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a commonly used serum marker for the detection and diagnosis of prostate cancer. We have examined the association between several anthropometric measures and PSA in a nationally representative sample of men. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants in this study were men ages >= 40 years without previously diagnosed prostate cancer who had PSA measured. Height, weight, waist circumference, BMI, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, and calculated total body water were examined categorically by quintiles using multiple linear regression models. All tests of significance were two sided. Results: Among white men, we report a trend for decreasing PSA with increasing weight, BMI, waist circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, and calculated total body water. Among Mexican American men, we found a trend for decreasing PSA with increasing BMI, and among black men we found a trend for decreasing PSA with increasing triceps thickness. None of the interaction terms between race/ethnicity and any of the anthropometric measures were statistically significant. Controlling for age and race/ethnicity in the multiple linear regression model, we found moderate declines in PSA with a 1 SD increase in BMI [5.9% decrease (95% confidence interval, -9.0% to -2.8%) in geometric mean PSA per 5.2-unit increase], weight [5.9% decline (-8.8% to -2.8%) per 17.7-kg increase], waist circumference [6.6% decline (-9.4% to -3.6%) per 13.4-cm increase], triceps skinfold [5.4% decline (-8.9% to -1.8%) per 6.4-mm increase], and calculated total body water [5.7% decline (-8.9% to -2.4%) per 6.5-liter increase]. Conclusion: Our population-based, nationally representative results expand the validity of previous studies on obesity and PSA. Higher weight, BMI, waist circumference, triceps skinfold, and total body water are associated with moderately lower PSA values. A prospective study is needed to verify whether this association affects the accuracy of the PSA test in obese men. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM msaraiya@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 70 EP 76 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0588 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 126XY UT WOS:000243550100012 PM 17179487 ER PT J AU Miller-Grandvaux, Y AF Miller-Grandvaux, Yolande BE Glassman, D Naidoo, J Wood, F TI USAID and Community Schools in Africa: The Vision, the Strategy, the Commitment SO COMMUNITY SCHOOLS IN AFRICA: REACHING THE UNREACHED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Off Educ, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Miller-Grandvaux, Y (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off Educ, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-45107-7 PY 2007 BP 133 EP 153 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-45107-7_6 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-45107-7 PG 21 WC Area Studies; Education & Educational Research SC Area Studies; Education & Educational Research GA BKP10 UT WOS:000268847800007 ER PT B AU Call, CT AF Call, Charles T. BE Call, CT TI What We Know and Don't Know about Postconflict Justice and Security Reform Introduction SO CONSTRUCTING JUSTICE AND SECURITY AFTER WAR LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Call, Charles T.] American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Call, Charles T.] Brown Univ, Governance War Torn Soc Project, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Call, Charles T.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Call, CT (reprint author), American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. NR 80 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US INST PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 978-1-929223-89-3 PY 2007 BP 3 EP 26 PG 24 WC International Relations; Law; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWB38 UT WOS:000293363600001 ER PT B AU Call, CT AF Call, Charles T. BE Call, CT TI The Mugging of a Success Story Justice and Security Reform in El Salvador SO CONSTRUCTING JUSTICE AND SECURITY AFTER WAR LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Call, Charles T.] American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Call, Charles T.] Brown Univ, Governance War Torn Soc Project, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Call, Charles T.] Commiss European Communities, Brussels, Belgium. [Call, Charles T.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Call, CT (reprint author), American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US INST PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 978-1-929223-89-3 PY 2007 BP 29 EP 67 PG 39 WC International Relations; Law; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWB38 UT WOS:000293363600002 ER PT B AU Call, CT AF Call, Charles T. BE Call, CT TI Constructing Justice and Security after War Conclusion SO CONSTRUCTING JUSTICE AND SECURITY AFTER WAR LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Call, Charles T.] American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Call, Charles T.] Brown Univ, Governance War Torn Soc Project, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Call, Charles T.] Commiss European Communities, Brussels, Belgium. [Call, Charles T.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Call, CT (reprint author), American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US INST PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 978-1-929223-89-3 PY 2007 BP 375 EP 410 PG 36 WC International Relations; Law; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWB38 UT WOS:000293363600011 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI Development, developing economies and the multilateral trade regime SO EVOLVING GLOBAL TRADE ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84720-218-5 PY 2007 BP 1 EP 32 PG 32 WC Economics; International Relations SC Business & Economics; International Relations GA BTV31 UT WOS:000288162800002 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI The Evolving Global Trade Architecture Preface SO EVOLVING GLOBAL TRADE ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84720-218-5 PY 2007 BP XII EP + PG 17 WC Economics; International Relations SC Business & Economics; International Relations GA BTV31 UT WOS:000288162800001 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI Necessity for a development round SO EVOLVING GLOBAL TRADE ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84720-218-5 PY 2007 BP 33 EP 68 PG 36 WC Economics; International Relations SC Business & Economics; International Relations GA BTV31 UT WOS:000288162800003 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI Special treatment and policy space for the developing economies in the multilateral trade regime SO EVOLVING GLOBAL TRADE ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84720-218-5 PY 2007 BP 69 EP 98 PG 30 WC Economics; International Relations SC Business & Economics; International Relations GA BTV31 UT WOS:000288162800004 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI The Fifth Ministerial Conference: the wheels come off at Cancun SO EVOLVING GLOBAL TRADE ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84720-218-5 PY 2007 BP 99 EP 115 PG 17 WC Economics; International Relations SC Business & Economics; International Relations GA BTV31 UT WOS:000288162800005 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI Enter the developing economies: transforming the landscape of the multilateral trade regime SO EVOLVING GLOBAL TRADE ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84720-218-5 PY 2007 BP 116 EP 144 PG 29 WC Economics; International Relations SC Business & Economics; International Relations GA BTV31 UT WOS:000288162800006 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI The Sixth Ministerial Conference: the lean Hong Kong harvest SO EVOLVING GLOBAL TRADE ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84720-218-5 PY 2007 BP 145 EP 161 PG 17 WC Economics; International Relations SC Business & Economics; International Relations GA BTV31 UT WOS:000288162800007 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI The Doha Round: a disenchanting evolutionary process SO EVOLVING GLOBAL TRADE ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84720-218-5 PY 2007 BP 162 EP 197 PG 36 WC Economics; International Relations SC Business & Economics; International Relations GA BTV31 UT WOS:000288162800008 ER PT B AU Bradford, CI Linn, JF AF Bradford, Colin I., Jr. Linn, Johannes F. BE Bradford, CI Linn, JF TI GLOBAL GOVERNANCE REFORM Breaking the Stalemate Introduction and Overview SO GLOBAL GOVERNANCE REFORM: BREAKING THE STALEMATE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.; Linn, Johannes F.] Brookings Inst, Global Econ & Dev Program, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] CIGI, Waterloo, ON, Canada. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, France. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.; Linn, Johannes F.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] Johns Hopkins Sch Adv Int Studies, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Bradford, CI (reprint author), Brookings Inst, Global Econ & Dev Program, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-1363-0 PY 2007 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BZW55 UT WOS:000303161300002 ER PT B AU Florini, A Pascual, C AF Florini, Ann Pascual, Carlos BE Bradford, CI Linn, JF TI United Nations Reform SO GLOBAL GOVERNANCE REFORM: BREAKING THE STALEMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Florini, Ann] Natl Univ Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew Sch Publ Policy, Ctr Asia & Globalizat, Singapore, Singapore. [Florini, Ann] Brookings Inst, Foreign Policy Studies Program, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Pascual, Carlos] US Dept State, Washington, DC USA. [Pascual, Carlos] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Florini, A (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew Sch Publ Policy, Ctr Asia & Globalizat, Singapore, Singapore. RI FLORINI, Ann/E-4319-2013 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-1363-0 PY 2007 BP 60 EP 73 PG 14 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BZW55 UT WOS:000303161300006 ER PT B AU Linn, JF Bradford, CI AF Linn, Johannes F. Bradford, Colin I., Jr. BE Bradford, CI Linn, JF TI Summit Reform: Toward an L-20 SO GLOBAL GOVERNANCE REFORM: BREAKING THE STALEMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Linn, Johannes F.; Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] Brookings Inst, Global Econ & Dev Program, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Linn, Johannes F.; Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] CIGI, Waterloo, ON, Canada. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, France. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] Johns Hopkins Sch Adv Int Studies, Baltimore, MD USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-1363-0 PY 2007 BP 77 EP 86 PG 10 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BZW55 UT WOS:000303161300007 ER PT B AU Bradford, CI Linn, JF AF Bradford, Colin I., Jr. Linn, Johannes F. BE Bradford, CI Linn, JF TI Global Governance Reform: Conclusions and Implications SO GLOBAL GOVERNANCE REFORM: BREAKING THE STALEMATE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.; Linn, Johannes F.] Brookings Inst, Global Econ & Dev Program, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] CIGI, Waterloo, ON, Canada. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, France. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.; Linn, Johannes F.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Bradford, Colin I., Jr.] Johns Hopkins Sch Adv Int Studies, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Bradford, CI (reprint author), Brookings Inst, Global Econ & Dev Program, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-1363-0 PY 2007 BP 115 EP 131 PG 17 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BZW55 UT WOS:000303161300011 ER PT B AU Morgan, EP AF Morgan, E. Philip BE Guttieri, K Piombo, J TI Interim Government in Liberia Peace Building toward the Status Quo SO INTERIM GOVERNMENTS: INSTITUTIONAL BRIDGES TO PEACE AND DEMOCRACY? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AFRICA AB In this chapter on Liberia, E. Philip Morgan provides an analysis of an interim regime located midway between traditional models and the neo-trusteeship models described in the introductory chapter. His chapter stresses the hard choices that creators of interim governments face: should they include combatants and therefore potentially create a government with questionable legitimacy on the ground, or should they exclude combatants and therefore leave potential spoilers out of the peace process? As we saw in Devon Curtis's chapter, there are trade-offs to each approach: including combatants alleviates the spoiler problem, but including them creates a domestic legitimacy crisis. Morgan's case brings out the insight that internationally governed transitional governments (the Liberian Government of National Unity created in 2003) have difficulties gaining legitimacy on the ground, even if the United Nations and other international actors consider the government viable. When military victors are included in governments without consideration for the extent of their local followings, the resulting transitional governments have little support on the ground, and they are concerned more with dividing spoils among the victors than with delivering services and improving the quality of life. Morgan also introduces the impact of economic relationships on transitional processes. In countries where civil war evolved out of competition to control resource-rich economies, the transitional process will not work without fundamental economic change. In these scenarios, the international community can retain a trump card to push forward the transitional process, even after it turns over an international interim government to a domestic government. This trump card is control over the economy: by creating domestic institutions with significant international oversight and/or control, the international community retains leverage over the transitional process and therefore retains influence even in domestic processes. This influence, however, can be double edged, as the citizens on the ground may, as they did in Liberia, come to see this as an infringement on their sovereignty. It remains to be seen, at least in the Liberian case, to what extent this jeopardizes the legitimacy of the permanent regime. C1 Monterey Inst Int Studies, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Morgan, E. Philip] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Morgan, EP (reprint author), Monterey Inst Int Studies, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US INST PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 978-1-60127-017-7 PY 2007 BP 195 EP 216 PG 22 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWB26 UT WOS:000293360500009 ER PT J AU Thang, NM Bhushan, I Bloom, E Bonu, S AF Thang, Nguyen Minh Bhushan, Indu Bloom, Erik Bonu, Sekhar TI Child immunization in Vietnam: Situation and barriers to coverage SO JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB This paper addresses the overall performance and inequalities in the immunization of children in Vietnam. Descriptive and logistic analysis of cross-national demographic and health data was used to examine inequality in immunization, identify the most vulnerable groups in immunization coverage, and identify the gap in coverage between hard-to-access people and the remainder of the population. The gap in the coverage was found to occur primarily in vulnerable groups such as the poor minority or poor rural children. No evidence was found of a difference in immunization coverage because of sex or birth order. However, the age of children showed a significant influence on the rate of immunization. Mother's education and regular watching of television had a significant influence on child immunization. In order to improve child immunization coverage in Vietnam, efforts should be concentrated on poor children from minority groups and those living in rural areas, especially remote ones. Community development, investment for immunization and re-organization of immunization services at the grassroots level are also key factors to remove the barriers to immunization for vulnerable populations in Vietnam. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Hanoi, Vietnam. Asian Dev Bank, Manila, Philippines. RP Thang, NM (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Hanoi, Vietnam. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0021-9320 J9 J BIOSOC SCI JI J. Biosoc. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 41 EP 58 DI 10.1017/S0021932006001234 PG 18 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 138HP UT WOS:000244354000003 ER PT J AU Hayes, P AF Hayes, Peter BA Lodgaard, S BF Lodgaard, S BE Maerli, MB TI North Korean proliferation and the end of US nuclear hegemony SO NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY SE Routledge Global Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hayes, Peter] Royal Melbourne Inst Technol, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Hayes, Peter] Nautilus Inst Secur & Sustainable Dev, San Francisco, CA USA. [Hayes, Peter] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Hayes, P (reprint author), Royal Melbourne Inst Technol, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM peter@nautilus.org NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-08903-3 J9 ROUT GLOB SECUR STUD PY 2007 BP 118 EP 136 PG 19 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BMX62 UT WOS:000273835500009 ER PT J AU James, WE AF James, William E. BE Siddique, MAB TI Comparative advantage in Thailand and Indonesia and potential free trade agreements: implications for trade diversion SO REGIONALISM, TRADE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free Trade Agreements in the Asia-Pacific Region CY JUL, 2004 CL Univ Western Australia, Perth, AUSTRALIA HO Univ Western Australia C1 [James, William E.] USAID, Jakarta, Indonesia. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84542-503-6 PY 2007 BP 159 EP 171 PG 13 WC Economics; International Relations SC Business & Economics; International Relations GA BSZ66 UT WOS:000286178600011 ER PT J AU Cronin, P AF Cronin, Patrick BE Brainard, L TI Development in the Shadow of Conflict SO SECURITY BY OTHER MEANS: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE, GLOBAL POVERTY, AND AMERICAN LEADERSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cronin, Patrick] Int Inst Strateg Studies, London, England. [Cronin, Patrick] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cronin, Patrick] Natl Def Univ, Inst Natl Strateg Studies, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Cronin, P (reprint author), Int Inst Strateg Studies, London, England. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-1368-5 PY 2007 BP 161 EP 194 PG 34 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BZJ80 UT WOS:000301788300007 ER PT J AU Cronin, P Ghani, T AF Cronin, Patrick Ghani, Tarek BE Brainard, L TI The Changing Complexion of Security and Strategic Assistance in the Twenty-First Century SO SECURITY BY OTHER MEANS: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE, GLOBAL POVERTY, AND AMERICAN LEADERSHIP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ARMS C1 [Cronin, Patrick] Int Inst Strateg Studies, London, England. [Cronin, Patrick] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cronin, Patrick] Natl Def Univ, Inst Natl Strateg Studies, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Cronin, P (reprint author), Int Inst Strateg Studies, London, England. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-1368-5 PY 2007 BP 195 EP 224 PG 30 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BZJ80 UT WOS:000301788300008 ER PT B AU Windsor, JL AF Windsor, Jennifer L. BE Brainard, L Chollet, D TI Breaking the Poverty-Insecurity Nexus: Is Democracy the Answer? SO TOO POOR FOR PEACE?: GLOBAL POVERTY, CONFLICT, AND SECURITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Tangled Web - The Poverty-Insecurity Nexus CY AUG 02-04, 2006 CL Aspen Inst, Washington, DC HO Aspen Inst C1 [Windsor, Jennifer L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-1375-3; 978-0-8157-1376-0 PY 2007 BP 153 EP 162 PG 10 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA BHY80 UT WOS:000327029700010 ER PT J AU Charlick, R AF Charlick, Robert BE Kraus, J TI Labor Unions and "Democratic Forces" in Niger SO TRADE UNIONS AND THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY IN AFRICA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Charlick, Robert] Cleveland State Univ, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Charlick, Robert] US Agcy Int Dev, African Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Charlick, R (reprint author), Cleveland State Univ, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-23061-003-3 PY 2007 BP 61 EP 82 D2 10.1057/9780230610033 PG 22 WC Area Studies; Political Science SC Area Studies; Government & Law GA BRC62 UT WOS:000282363400004 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, James D. TI Confessions of a condom lover SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID HIV INCIDENCE; UGANDA; RISK; POPULATION; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR; AFRICA C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM JShelton@USAID.GOV NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 2 PY 2006 VL 368 IS 9551 BP 1947 EP 1949 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69787-0 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 113JD UT WOS:000242593300009 PM 17141688 ER PT J AU Sodhi, NS Brooks, TM Koh, LP Acciaioli, G Erb, M Tan, AKJ Curran, LM Brosius, P Lee, TM Patlis, JM Gumal, M Lee, RJ AF Sodhi, Navjot S. Brooks, Thomas M. Koh, Lian Pin Acciaioli, Greg Erb, Maribeth Tan, Alan Khee-Jin Curran, Lisa M. Brosius, Peter Lee, Tien Ming Patlis, Jason M. Gumal, Melvin Lee, Robert J. TI Biodiversity and human livelihood crises in the Malay archipelago SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEFORESTATION; CONSERVATION; INDONESIA C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Singapore 117543, Singapore. Conservat Int, Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Univ Philippines, World Agroforestry Ctr, ICRAF, Laguna 4031, Philippines. Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Western Australia, Sch Social & Cultural Studies, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Sociol, Singapore 117570, Singapore. Natl Univ Singapore, Fac Law, Singapore 259779, Singapore. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Anthropol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Ecol Behav & Evolut Sect, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US AID Coastal Resources Management Project, Jakarta, Indonesia. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Kuching 93200, Sarawak, Malaysia. Conservat Works, Irvine, CA 92606 USA. RP Sodhi, NS (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, 14 Sci Dr 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore. EM dbsns@nus.edu.sg RI Koh, Lian Pin/A-5794-2010; OI Koh, Lian Pin/0000-0001-8152-3871; Brooks, Thomas/0000-0001-8159-3116; Curran, Lisa M./0000-0002-2813-5578 NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1811 EP 1813 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00541.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 115HD UT WOS:000242724500032 PM 17181817 ER PT J AU Paerl, HW Valdes, LM Joyner, AR Peierls, BL Piehler, MF Riggs, SR Christian, RR Eby, LA Crowder, LB Ramus, JS Clesceri, EJ Buzzelli, CP Luettich, RA AF Paerl, Hans W. Valdes, Lexia M. Joyner, Alan R. Peierls, Benjamin L. Piehler, Michael F. Riggs, Stanley R. Christian, Robert R. Eby, Lisa A. Crowder, Larry B. Ramus, Joseph S. Clesceri, Erika J. Buzzelli, Christopher P. Luettich, Richard A., Jr. TI Ecological response to hurricane events in the Pamlico Sound system, North Carolina, and implications for assessment and management in a regime of increased frequency SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY-STRUCTURE; ORGANIC-MATTER; LAGOONAL ESTUARY; WATER-QUALITY; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES; NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT; UNITED-STATES; IMPACTS; NITROGEN AB Since the mid 1990s, the Atlantic and Gulf Coast regions have experienced a dramatic increase in the number of hurricane landfalls. In eastern North Carolina alone, eight hurricanes have affected the coast in the past 9 years. These storms have exhibited individualistic hydrologic, nutrient, and sediment loading effects and represent a formidable challenge to nutrient management aimed at reducing eutrophication in the Pamlico Sound and its estuarine tributaries. Different rainfall amounts among hurricanes lead to variable freshwater and nutrient discharge and variable nutrient, organic matter, and sediment enrichment. These enrichments differentially affected physical and chemical properties (salinity, water residence time, transparency, stratification, dissolved oxygen), phytoplankton primary production, and phytoplankton community composition. Contrasting ecological responses were accompanied by changes in nutrient and oxygen cycling, habitat, and higher trophic levels, including different direct effects on fish populations. Floodwaters from the two largest hurricanes, Fran (1996) and Floyd (1999), exerted multi-month to multi-annual effects on hydrology, nutrient loads, productivity, and biotic composition. Relatively low rainfall coastal hurricanes like Isabel (2003) and Ophelia (2005) caused strong vertical mixing and storm surges, but relatively minor hydrologic and nutrient effects. Both hydrologic loading and wind forcing are important drivers and must be integrated with nutrient loading in assessing short-term and long-term ecological effects of these storms. These climatic forcings cannot be managed but should be considered in the development of water quality management strategies for these and other large estuarine ecosystems faced with increasing frequencies and intensities of hurricane activity. C1 Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Duke Ctr Marine Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Paerl, HW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM hpaerl@email.unc.edu RI Piehler, Michael/C-3844-2011 NR 72 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 17 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6A BP 1033 EP 1045 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 133JS UT WOS:000244009800021 ER PT J AU Drain, PK Halperin, DT Hughes, JP Klausner, JD Bailey, RC AF Drain, Paul K. Halperin, Daniel T. Hughes, James P. Klausner, Jeffrey D. Bailey, Robert C. TI Male circumcision, religion, and infectious diseases: an ecologic analysis of 118 developing countries SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; HIV-INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; CERVICAL-CANCER; TRANSMISSION; MEN; SEROPREVALENCE; METAANALYSIS; POPULATIONS AB Background: Both religious practices and male circumcision (MC) have been associated with HIV and other sexually-transmitted infectious diseases. Most studies have been limited in size and have not adequately controlled for religion, so these relationships remain unclear. Methods: We evaluated relationships between MC prevalence, Muslim and Christian religion, and 7 infectious diseases using country-specific data among 118 developing countries. We used multivariate linear regression to describe associations between MC and cervical cancer incidence, and between MC and HIV prevalence among countries with primarily sexual HIV transmission. Results: Fifty-three, 14, and 51 developing countries had a high (>80%), intermediate (20-80%), and low (<20%) MC prevalence, respectively. In univariate analyses, MC was associated with lower HIV prevalence and lower cervical cancer incidence, but not with HSV-2, syphilis, nor, as expected, with Hepatitis C, tuberculosis, or malaria. In multivariate analysis after stratifying the countries by religious groups, each categorical increase of MC prevalence was associated with a 3.65/100,000 women (95% CI 0.54-6.76, p=0.02) decrease in annual cervical cancer incidence, and a 1.84-fold (95% CI 1.36-2.48, p<0.001) decrease in the adult HIV prevalence among sub-Saharan African countries. In separate multivariate analyses among non-sub-Saharan African countries controlling for religion, higher MC prevalence was associated with a 8.94-fold (95% CI 4.30-18.60) decrease in the adult HIV prevalence among countries with primarily heterosexual HIV transmission, but not, as expected, among countries with primarily homosexual or injection drug use HIV transmission (p=0.35). Conclusion: Male circumcision was significantly associated with lower cervical cancer incidence and lower HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa, independent of Muslim and Christian religion. As predicted, male circumcision was also strongly associated with lower HIV prevalence among countries with primarily heterosexual HIV transmission, but not among countries with primarily homosexual or injection drug use HIV transmission. These findings strengthen the reported biological link between MC and some sexually transmitted infectious diseases, including HIV and cervical cancer. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, So Africa Reg HIV AIDS Program, Mbabane, Swaziland. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Ctr AIDS & STD, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Illinois, Div Epidemiol, Chicago, IL USA. RP Halperin, DT (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, So Africa Reg HIV AIDS Program, Mbabane, Swaziland. EM pkdrain@u.washington.edu; dhalperin@usaid.gov; jphughes@u.washington.edu; jeff.klausner@sfdph.org; rcbailey@uic.edu OI Drain, Paul/0000-0003-3300-3817 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U19 AI031448, P30 AI027757, AI 31448, AI 27757] NR 46 TC 73 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD NOV 30 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 172 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-6-172 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 126LF UT WOS:000243513700001 PM 17137513 ER PT J AU Thera, MA Doumbo, OK Coulibaly, D Diallo, DA Sagara, I Dicko, A Diemert, DJ Heppner, DG Stewart, VA Angov, E Soisson, L Leach, A Tucker, K Lyke, KE Plowe, CV AF Thera, Mahamadou A. Doumbo, Ogobara K. Coulibaly, Drissa Diallo, Dapa A. Sagara, Issaka Dicko, Alassane Diemert, David J. Heppner, D. Gray, Jr. Stewart, V. Ann Angov, Evelina Soisson, Lorraine Leach, Amanda Tucker, Kathryn Lyke, Kirsten E. Plowe, Christopher V. CA Mali FMP1 Working Grp TI Safety and allele-specific immunogenicity of a malaria vaccine in Malian adults: Results of a phase I randomized trial SO PLOS CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; BANDIAGARA; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; DISEASE AB Objectives: The objectives were to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity, and allele-specific immunogenicity of the blood-stage malaria vaccine FMP1/AS02A in adults exposed to seasonal malaria and the impact of natural infection on vaccine-induced antibody levels. Design: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, controlled phase I clinical trial. Setting: Bandiagara, Mali, West Africa, is a rural town with intense seasonal transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Participants: Forty healthy, malaria-experienced Malian adults aged 18-55 y were enrolled. Interventions: The FMP1/AS02A malaria vaccine is a 42-kDa recombinant protein based on the carboxy-terminal end of merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1(42)) from the 3D7 clone of P. falciparum, adjuvanted with AS02A. The control vaccine was a killed rabies virus vaccine (Imovax). Participants were randomized to receive either FMP1/AS02A or rabies vaccine at 0, 1, and 2 mo and were followed for 1 y. Outcome Measures: Solicited and unsolicited adverse events and allele-specific antibody responses to recombinant MSP-1(42) and its subunits derived from P. falciparum strains homologous and heterologous to the 3D7 vaccine strain were measured. Results: Transient local pain and swelling were more common in the malaria vaccine group than in the control group (11/20 versus 3/20 and 10/20 versus 6/20, respectively). MSP-1(42) antibody levels rose during the malaria transmission season in the control group, but were significantly higher in malaria vaccine recipients after the second immunization and remained higher after the third immunization relative both to baseline and to the control group. Immunization with the malaria vaccine was followed by significant increases in antibodies recognizing three diverse MSP-1(42) alleles and their subunits. Conclusions: FMP1/AS02A was well tolerated and highly immunogenic in adults exposed to intense seasonal malaria transmission and elicited immune responses to genetically diverse parasite clones. Anti-MSP-1(42) antibody levels followed a seasonal pattern that was significantly augmented and prolonged by the malaria vaccine. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Stat Collaborat, Washington, DC USA. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Bamako, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. RP Plowe, CV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM cplowe@medicine.umaryland.edu OI Diemert, David/0000-0002-2789-0512 FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW001589]; NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI85346] NR 17 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1555-5887 J9 PLOS CLIN TRIALS JI PLos Clin. Trials PD NOV 24 PY 2006 VL 1 IS 7 AR e34 DI 10.1371/journal.pctr.0010034 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 150SU UT WOS:000245239100002 PM 17124530 ER PT J AU Withers, MR McKinney, D Ogutu, BR Waitumbi, JN Milman, JB Apollo, OJ Allen, OG Tucker, K Soisson, LA Diggs, C Leach, A Wittes, J Dubovsky, F Stewart, VA Remich, SA Cohen, J Ballou, WR Holland, CA Lyon, JA Angov, E Stoute, JA Martin, SK Heppner, DG AF Withers, Mark R. McKinney, Denise Ogutu, Bernhards R. Waitumbi, John N. Milman, Jessica B. Apollo, Odika J. Allen, Otieno G. Tucker, Kathryn Soisson, Lorraine A. Diggs, Carter Leach, Amanda Wittes, Janet Dubovsky, Filip Stewart, V. Ann Remich, Shon A. Cohen, Joe Ballou, W. Ripley Holland, Carolyn A. Lyon, Jeffrey A. Angov, Evelina Stoute, Jose A. Martin, Samuel K. Heppner, D. Gray, Jr. CA MSP-1 Malaria Vaccine Working Grp TI Safety and reactogenicity of an MSP-1 malaria vaccine candidate: A randomized phase Ib dose-escalation trial in Kenyan children SO PLOS CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; C-TERMINAL FRAGMENT; SERUM ANTIBODIES; WESTERN KENYA; AOTUS MONKEYS; CHALLENGE; INFECTION; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION AB Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of an investigational malaria vaccine. Design: This was an age-stratified phase Ib, double-blind, randomized, controlled, dose-escalation trial. Children were recruited into one of three cohorts (dosage groups) and randomized in 2: 1 fashion to receive either the test product or a comparator. Setting: The study was conducted in a rural population in Kombewa Division, western Kenya. Participants: Subjects were 135 children, aged 12-47 mo. Interventions: Subjects received 10, 25, or 50 mu g of falciparum malaria protein 1 (FMP1) formulated in 100, 250, and 500 mu L, respectively, of AS02A, or they received a comparator (Imovax(R) rabies vaccine). Outcome Measures: We performed safety and reactogenicity parameters and assessment of adverse events during solicited (7 d) and unsolicited (30 d) periods after each vaccination. Serious adverse events were monitored for 6 mo after the last vaccination. Results: Both vaccines were safe and well tolerated. FMP1/AS02A recipients experienced significantly more pain and injection-site swelling with a dose-effect relationship. Systemic reactogenicity was low at all dose levels. Hemoglobin levels remained stable and similar across arms. Baseline geometric mean titers were comparable in all groups. Anti-FMP1 antibody titers increased in a dose-dependent manner in subjects receiving FMP1/AS02A; no increase in anti-FMP1 titers occurred in subjects who received the comparator. By study end, subjects who received either 25 or 50 mu g of FMP1 had similar antibody levels, which remained significantly higher than that of those who received the comparator or 10 mu g of FMP1. A longitudinal mixed effects model showed a statistically significant effect of dosage level on immune response (F-3,F-1047 = 10.78, or F-3,F-995 = 11.22, p < 0.001); however, the comparison of 25 mu g and 50 mu g recipients indicated no significant difference (F-1,F-1047 = 0.05; p = 0.82). Conclusions: The FMP1/AS02A vaccine was safe and immunogenic in malaria-exposed 12- to 47-mo-old children and the magnitude of immune response of the 25 and 50 mu g doses was superior to that of the 10 mu g dose. C1 USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Washington, DC USA. Stat Collaborat, Washington, DC USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Withers, MR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. EM mwithers@us.army.mil RI Holland, Carolyn/B-7880-2011 NR 27 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1555-5887 J9 PLOS CLIN TRIALS JI PLos Clin. Trials PD NOV 24 PY 2006 VL 1 IS 7 AR e32 DI 10.1371/journal.pctr.0010032 PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 150SU UT WOS:000245239100001 PM 17124529 ER PT J AU Gomez, C Rodriguez-Morales, AJ Franco-Paredes, C AF Gomez, Christian Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J. Franco-Paredes, Carlos TI Impact of climate variability in the occurrence of leishmaniasis in bolivia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Agcy Int Dev, La Paz, Bolivia. Univ Mayor San Simon, La Paz, Bolivia. Univ Los Andes, Caracas, Venezuela. Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso/R-9765-2016 OI Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso/0000-0001-9773-2192 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 143 BP 42 EP 42 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900144 ER PT J AU Maithya, JM Kimenye, LN Mugivane, FI Ramisch, JJ AF Maithya, J. M. Kimenye, L. N. Mugivane, F. I. Ramisch, J. J. TI Profitability of agro-forestry based soil fertility management technologies: the case of small holder food production in Western Kenya SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE food insecurity; soil nutrient depletion; improved fallows; financial profitability; social profitability; food production ID POLICY-ANALYSIS MATRIX AB Persistent food insecurity accompanied by low and declining farm household incomes are a common feature of many small holder maize and bean producers in western Kenya. This has been largely attributed to soil nutrient depletion, among other factors. One way of addressing soil fertility problems in many maize-based cropping systems is the use of agro-forestry based technologies. We carried out a survey in western Kenya (Vihiga and Siaya districts) aimed at analyzing the financial and social profitability of use of agroforestry based (improved tree fallows) and other soil fertility management technologies among smallholder farmers. The Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was used to determine the financial and social profitability of different production systems, which were categorized on the basis of the technology used to address soil fertility. Farm budgets were first prepared and in turn used to construct the PAMs for six production systems namely: maize-bean intercrop without any soil fertility management inputs; maize-bean intercrop with chemical fertilizers only; maize-bean intercrop with a combination of chemical fertilizers and improved fallows; maize-bean intercrop with improved fallows only; maize-bean intercrop with a combination of improved fallows and rock phosphate; and maize-bean intercrop with Farm Yard Manure (FYM) only. Results revealed that use of chemical fertilizers with improved fallows was the most profitable technology and thus the study recommended that farmers be encouraged to intensify the use of chemical fertilizers. To make chemical fertilizers more accessible to farmers, the study also recommended that good linkages be made between farmers and micro credit institutions so that small scale farmers are not actually biased against due to lack of collateral when credit is being advanced to clients. C1 USAID Kenya Hort Dev Program, Nairobi 00506, Kenya. Univ Nairobi, Dept Agr Econ, Nairobi, Kenya. CIAT, Trop Soil Biol & Fertil Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Maithya, JM (reprint author), USAID Kenya Hort Dev Program, POB 3074, Nairobi 00506, Kenya. EM jmaithya@fintrac.com RI Ramisch, Joshua/E-5386-2010 OI Ramisch, Joshua/0000-0003-4201-6660 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 76 IS 2-3 BP 355 EP 367 DI 10.1007/s10705-006-9062-6 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 111FO UT WOS:000242437000018 ER PT J AU Calderon-Espinoza, RI Asencios-Solis, L Quispe-Torres, N Yale-Cajahuanca, G Suarez-Nole, C Lecca-Garcia, L Llanos-Zavalaga, LF AF Calderon-Espinoza, Roger I. Asencios-Solis, Luis Quispe-Torres, Neyda Yale-Cajahuanca, Gloria Suarez-Nole, Carmen Lecca-Garcia, Leonid Llanos-Zavalaga, Luis F. TI Validation of the PCR-based universal heteroduplex generator assay for identification of rifampicin-resistant and multiresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Lima, Peru SO ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA LA Spanish DT Article DE tuberculosis; multidrug resistance; rifampin resistance; PCR UHG-Rif AB OBJECTIVE. To validate the polymerase chain reaction-based universal heteroduplex generator (PCR UHG-Rif) assay for identifying rifampin-resistant and multidrug-resistant (MDR, resistant to isoniazid and rifampin) Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis from communities in Lima (Peru) with a high incidence of resistant tuberculosis. DESIGN. To compare the results of antituberculosis drug susceptibility testing in clinical samples performed by the proportion method with those obtained by the PCR LIHG-Rif assay, with the aim of analyzing the diagnostic capability of PCR UHG-Rif. RESULTS. Concordance for the identification of antituberculosis drug susceptibility was 0.95 (kappa = 0.899; P < .05), with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.973 and 0.922 (P < .05), respectively. The positive predictive value was 0.939 (95% CI: 0.879-0.970) and the negative predictive value was 0.965 (95% CI: 0.902-0.988). Nevertheless, the probability for MDR prediction was 0.981 (P <.05). PCR UHG-Rif allows the detection of mixed populations; discordant results can be explained by the presence of point mutations, missense mutations and mutations outside the rpoB "hot" region associated with rifampin-resistance. CONCLUSIONS. The PCR UHG-Rif assay detects mutations in the rpoB gene with excellent sensitivity and specificity, and suitable predictive values when compared with the standard method for determining susceptibility to antituberculosis drugs. This test can be considered an excellent tool that can contribute to tuberculosis control by correctly identifying patients infected with resistant and MDR bacilli, leading to a reduction in the cases of tuberculosis and resistant tuberculosis. C1 Inst Nacl Salud, Lab Biotecnol & Biol Mol, Lima 9, Peru. Inst Nacl Salud, Lab Referencia Nacl Microbacterias, Lima 9, Peru. Direcc Reginal Salud V, Lab Salud Publ Lima Ciudad, Lima, Peru. Direcc Reginal Salud IV, Lab Referencia Reg Lima Este, Lima, Peru. USAID, MINSA, Proyecto VIGIA, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Fac Salud Publ & Adm, Lima, Peru. RP Calderon-Espinoza, RI (reprint author), Inst Nacl Salud, Lab Biotecnol & Biol Mol, Avda Defensores Morro,2268 Chorrillos, Lima 9, Peru. EM rcalderon@ins.gob.pe NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDICIONES DOYMA S/L PI BARCELONA PA TRAV DE GRACIA 17-21, 08021 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0213-005X J9 ENFERM INFEC MICR CL JI Enferm. Infec. Microbiol. Clin. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 24 IS 8 BP 495 EP 499 DI 10.1157/13092465 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 094QB UT WOS:000241253000005 PM 16987466 ER PT J AU Asanzi, C Kiala, D Cesar, J Lyvers, K Querido, A Smith, C Yost, RS AF Asanzi, Chris Kiala, David Cesar, Joaquim Lyvers, Kenneth Querido, Antonio Smith, Chris Yost, R. S. TI Food production in the planalto of Southern Angola SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Angola; site-specific nutrient management; nutrient decision aids; potato; maize; famine; prevention AB Angola is recovering from nearly 30 years of war that has left the country without food, education, and economic means. The ProPlanalto Project of WorldVision, Chevron-Texaco, US Agency for International Development, and three Angolan institutions (The Agricultural Research Service, Instituto de Investigacoes Agronomicas; the Agricultural University, Agostinho Neto University, and the Extension Service, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Agronomica) was organized to begin the restoration of the highly successful prewar agricultural production systems to end the famine that has struck many Angolan families and households. Modern varieties of maize, potato, and beans were brought in, local seed producers were found, fertilizer experiments were conducted, and a soils laboratory was constructed, furnished, equipped, and supplied. A goal of the Soil Management Collaborative Research Support Program intervention was to assist in this restoration by illustrating and training in the use of information technologies and participatory development to improve the provision and management of nutrients and fertilizers. Information technology tools, such as decision aids and geospatial analysis, were introduced. Participatory methods of using soil test kits, farmer-to-farmer visits, and farmer empowerment were used to used to illustrate that the country and its scientists can leapfrog into use of current technology and knowledge management skills if they so choose. Maize yields of up to 9000 kg ha(-1) and potato yields as high as 16,000 kg ha(-1) were obtained under ideal conditions. Indications are that irrigation is available during the dry season, potentially providing sustainable water supply for year-round irrigation. Soils from the experimental sites were characterized using Soil Taxonomy to facilitate sharing of production system technology and expertise. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Soil Management Collaborat Res Support Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Agrarias Agostinho Neto Uni, Fac Ciencias, Huambo, Angola. Inst Invest Agron, Luanda, Angola. US Agcy Int Dev, Luanda, Angola. USDA, Nat Resource & Conservat Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. World Vis, Luanda, Angola. RP Yost, RS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Soil Management Collaborat Res Support Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM rsyost@hawaii.edu NR 8 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 171 IS 10 BP 810 EP 820 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000228054.15710.5a PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 097LK UT WOS:000241448900008 ER PT J AU Jennings, GB AF Jennings, Gerald B. TI Veterinary medicine educational requirements to meet the needs of the US Agency for International Development SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article AB The US Agency for International Development (USAID) works within the overall purpose of US foreign assistance to improve the lives of the citizens of the developing world. Through partnerships with other agencies, organizations, and governments, and using its field offices around the world, USAID strives to develop local capacity and thus build sustainable development. Two specific USAID programs pertinent to veterinary medicine are global health and agriculture. In the area of global health, veterinarians can aid USAID's work to improve the quality, availability, and use of essential health services that specifically target maternal and child health, HIV/AIDS, family planning and reproductive health, infectious diseases, environmental health, nutrition, and other life-saving areas. The challenge of making the agricultural sector in a developing country more productive is a critical one for USAID and a clear area for input from the veterinary profession. Animal agriculture is the largest single sector of agricultural economies in most developing countries, and livestock remains a critical component of poverty alleviation. There are educational requirements that benefit anyone working at USAID and can be met prior to admittance to a DVM program, as part of a DVM curriculum, or in post-graduate training/employment, such as proficiency in a foreign language; environmental sciences background; familiarity with accounting and management techniques; expertise in foreign animal diseases, zoonotic diseases, epidemiology, food safety, and nutrition, as well as the application to human health of those areas; an advanced degree such as an MPH; and management experience. Appropriately trained veterinarians can make enormous contributions to USAID's global efforts to improve the health and agriculture sectors of developing nations. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Jennings, GB (reprint author), Midwest Res Inst, 365 W Patrick St,Suite 223, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. EM gjennings@mriresearch.org NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0748-321X J9 J VET MED EDUC JI J. Vet. Med. Educ. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 33 IS 3 BP 419 EP 421 DI 10.3138/jvme.33.3.419 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences GA 099KV UT WOS:000241594300020 PM 17035218 ER PT J AU Purvis, MJ Bernard, EN Sharpe, JE Mayberry, GC Robertson, REA AF Purvis, M. J. Bernard, E. N. Sharpe, J. E. Mayberry, G. C. Robertson, R. E. A. TI Tsunami: scientific frontiers mitigation, forecasting and policy implications - Discussion SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. USAID, Off Foreign Disaster Assistance, Washington, DC USA. Univ W Indies, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. RP Purvis, MJ (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 364 IS 1845 BP 2006 EP 2007 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 075YM UT WOS:000239923700010 ER PT J AU Karnell, AP Cupp, PK Zimmerman, RS Feist-Price, S Bennie, T AF Karnell, Aaron P. Cupp, Pamela K. Zimmerman, Rick S. Feist-Price, Sonja Bennie, Thola TI Efficacy of an American alcohol and HIV prevention curriculum adapted for use in South Africa: Results of a pilot study in five township schools SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID RISK-TAKING; CAPE-PENINSULA; BEHAVIORS; RELIABILITY; ADOLESCENTS; VALIDITY; SEX AB The high prevalence of HIV among young people in African countries underscores a pressing need for effective prevention interventions. Adapting school-based prevention programs developed in the United States for use in African schools may present an alternative to the time-consuming process of developing home-grown programs. The researchers report the results of a pretest-posttest field trial of an alcohol/HIV prevention curriculum adapted from an American model and delivered to ninth-grade students in five South African township schools. The revised intervention was based primarily on the Project Northland alcohol prevention and Reducing the Risk safer sex programs. The researchers found significant differences in change from baseline to follow-up between students in intervention and comparison groups on intentions to use a condom; drinking before or during sex; and, among females, sex refusal self-efficacy. The results of the field trial suggest that behavioral interventions developed in Western countries may be rapidly adapted to work in other cultural contexts. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Human Sci Res Council S Africa, Durban, South Africa. RP Karnell, AP (reprint author), 2140 Dar Salaam Pl, Dulles, VA 20189 USA. EM akarnell@usaid.gov FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA10747-S2] NR 26 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 295 EP 310 DI 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.4.295 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 077FH UT WOS:000240013000002 PM 16961447 ER PT J AU Sullivan, TM Bertrand, JT Rice, J Shelton, JD AF Sullivan, TM Bertrand, JT Rice, J Shelton, JD TI Skewed contraceptive method mix: Why it happens, why it matters SO JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FAMILY-PLANNING-SERVICES; QUALITY; FERTILITY; INDIA; CARE; STERILIZATION; FUTURE; CHOICE; BRAZIL; EGYPT AB Contraceptive prevalence has been central to family planning research over the past few decades, but researchers have given surprisingly little consideration to method mix, a proxy for method availability or choice. There is no 'ideal' method mix recognized by the international community; however, there may be reason for concern when one or two methods predominate in a given country. In this article method skew is operationally defined as a single method constituting 50% or more of contraceptive use in a given country. Of 96 countries examined in this analysis, 34 have this type of skewed method mix. These 34 countries cluster in three groups: (1) sixteen countries in which traditional methods dominate, most of which are in sub-Saharan Africa; (2) four countries in which female sterilization predominates (India, Brazil, Dominican Republic and Panama); and (3) fourteen countries that rely on a single reversible method (the pill in Algeria, Kuwait, Liberia, Morocco, Sudan and Zimbabwe; the IUD in Cuba, Egypt, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan; and the injectable in Malawi). A review of available literature on method choice in these countries provides substantial insight into the different patterns of method skew. Method skew in some countries reflects cultural preferences or social norms. Yet it becomes problematic if it stems from restrictive population policies, lack of access to a broad range of methods, or provider bias. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Biostat, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Sullivan, TM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 64 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0021-9320 J9 J BIOSOC SCI JI J. Biosoc. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 4 BP 501 EP 521 DI 10.1017/S0021932005026647 PG 21 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 059LR UT WOS:000238734800005 PM 16762087 ER PT J AU Streed, E Nichols, JD Gallatin, K AF Streed, Erik Nichols, J. Doland Gallatin, Ken TI A financial analysis of small-scale tropical reforestation with native species in Costa Rica SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE tropical reforestation; Terminalia amazonia; financial analysis; farm forestry ID PLANTATIONS; GROWTH; TREE; LAND; PURE AB In 1990 four Peace Corps Volunteers in Costa Rica completed their service and started a private reforestation project. The goal was to see if a small tree plantation could be profitable compared with traditional land uses. This article discusses the economics of the first 15 years of the project, using actual cash flows, and makes projections for financial outcomes. We documented the yearly-expenses and revenues (cash flows) for operating a small tropical woodlot, costs and/or revenues from the specific woodlot management operations, and profit projections over the 25-year life of the project. We used realized growth rates, milling costs, and wood sale prices to show that small-scale reforestation with mixtures of native species can be financially profitable, both for an investor and a former/landowner. C1 USDA, US Agcy Int Dev, Foreign Agr Serv, Washington, DC USA. So Cross Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Management, Sustainable Forestry Program, Lismore, NSW, Australia. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Streed, E (reprint author), USDA, US Agcy Int Dev, Foreign Agr Serv, Washington, DC USA. EM estreed@usaid.gov; dnichols@scu.edu.au; dinjiduhareface@hotmail.com NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 104 IS 5 BP 276 EP 282 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 084GC UT WOS:000240519500007 ER PT J AU Kamwi, R Kenyon, T Newton, G AF Kamwi, R Kenyon, T Newton, G TI PEPFAR and HIV prevention in Africa SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID PREVALENCE; TRENDS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Windhoek, Namibia. US Agcy Int Dev, Windhoek, Namibia. RP Kenyon, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Windhoek, Namibia. EM kenyont@nacop.net NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 17 PY 2006 VL 367 IS 9527 BP 1978 EP 1979 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68879-X PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 055ZC UT WOS:000238488900024 PM 16782481 ER PT J AU Welsh, MJ Stanback, J Shelton, J AF Welsh, Michael J. Stanback, John Shelton, James TI Access to modern contraception SO BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH IN CLINICAL OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE access to contraception; barriers to access; sexual and reproductive rights; evidence-based medicine; Medical Eligibility Criteria ID MENSTRUATION REQUIREMENTS; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; MEDICAL BARRIERS; CARE; PROVIDERS; QUALITY AB Access to modern contraception has become a recognized human right, improving the health and well-being of women, families and societies worldwide. However, contraceptive access remains uneven. Irregular contraceptive supply, limited numbers of service delivery points and specific geographic, economic, informational, psychosocial and administrative barriers (including medical barriers) undermine access in many settings. Widening the range of providers enabled to offer contraception can improve contraceptive access, particularly where resources are most scarce. International efforts to remove medical barriers include the World Health Organization's Medical Eligibility Criteria. Based on the best available evidence, these criteria provide guidance for weighing the risks and benefits of contraceptive choice among women with specific clinical conditions. Clinical job aids can also improve access. More research is needed to further elucidate the pathways for expanding contraceptive access. Further progress in removing medical barriers will depend on systems for improving provider education and promoting evidence-based contraceptive service delivery. C1 Family Hlth Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Welsh, MJ (reprint author), Family Hlth Int, POB 13950, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM mwelsh@fhi.org NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BAILLIERE TINDALL PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1521-6934 J9 BEST PRACT RES CL OB JI Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 323 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2005.12.001 PG 16 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 082LT UT WOS:000240389000004 PM 16443395 ER PT J AU Tawfik, Y Nsungwa-Sabitii, J Greer, G Owor, J Kesande, R Prysor-Jones, S AF Tawfik, Youssef Nsungwa-Sabitii, Jesca Greer, George Owor, Joseph Kesande, Rosette Prysor-Jones, Suzanne TI Negotiating improved case management of childhood illness with formal and informal private practitioners in Uganda SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE child survival; private practitioners; diarrhoea; acute respiratory infection; malaria; quality; Uganda ID SERVICES; HEALTH AB OBJECTIVE In Uganda, formal and informal private practitioners (PPs) provide most case management for childhood illness. This paper describes the impact of negotiation sessions, an intervention to improve the quality of PPs' case management of childhood diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection and malaria in a rural district in Uganda. METHOD Negotiation sessions targeted PPs working at private clinics and drug shops. The aim was to improve key practices extracted from the national Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Guidelines, and to measure the PPs' performance before and after the intervention. RESULTS Post-intervention the quality of case management for childhood diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection and malaria was generally better, although certain practices appeared resistant to change. We discovered various types of PPs who were mostly unregistered by the district authorities. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest the importance of maintaining ongoing monitoring and support to PPs to understand barriers to change and to encourage more practice improvement. Modifications to the intervention are needed to take it to scale and render it more sustainable. Getting local organizations and professional associations more involved could make it easier to establish and maintain contact with PPs. The government needs to simplify registration procedures and reduce associated fees to encourage PPs to register and thus be included in a large-scale intervention. Future interventions need to measure the impact on improving childhood case management at the community/household level. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, HIDN, MCH, GH, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Child Hlth Div, Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. Basic Support Inst Child Survival Project, BASICS 2, Arlington, VA USA. Acad Educ Dev, SARA, Washington, DC USA. RP Tawfik, Y (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, HIDN, MCH, GH, 3-07-036,RRB,3rd Floor, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM ytawfik@usaid.org NR 7 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JUN PY 2006 VL 11 IS 6 BP 967 EP 973 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01622.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 061II UT WOS:000238864500024 PM 16772020 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD Halperin, DT Wilson, D AF Shelton, JD Halperin, DT Wilson, D TI Has global HIV incidence peaked? SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID PARTNER REDUCTION; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE; AFRICA C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, So Africa Reg HIV AIDS Program, Mbabane, Swaziland. World Bank, Global HIV AIDS Program, Washington, DC 20433 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM JShelton@usaid.gov NR 15 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 8 PY 2006 VL 367 IS 9517 BP 1120 EP 1122 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68436-5 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 030ZH UT WOS:000236673400005 PM 16616543 ER PT J AU Ockenhouse, CF Angov, E Kester, KE Diggs, C Soisson, L Cummings, JF Stewart, AV Palmer, DR Mahajan, B Krzych, U Tornieporth, N Delchambre, M Vanhandenhove, M Ofori-Anyinam, O Cohen, J Lyon, JA Heppner, DG AF Ockenhouse, CF Angov, E Kester, KE Diggs, C Soisson, L Cummings, JF Stewart, AV Palmer, DR Mahajan, B Krzych, U Tornieporth, N Delchambre, M Vanhandenhove, M Ofori-Anyinam, O Cohen, J Lyon, JA Heppner, DG CA MSP 1 Working Grp TI Phase I safety and immunogenicity trial of FMP1/AS02A, a Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1 asexual blood stage vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 10-14, 2002 CL DENVER, CO SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg DE malaria; vaccine; merozoite surface protein 1; FMP1/AS02A ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; PROTECTS AOTUS MONKEYS; C-TERMINAL FRAGMENT; MALARIA VACCINE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; PASSIVE-IMMUNIZATION; CLINICAL IMMUNITY; EFFICACY; ANTIGEN; PARASITE AB We report the first safety and immunogenicity trial of the Plasmodium falciparum malaria blood stage vaccine candidate, FMP1/AS02A consisting of the FMP1 antigen, an Escherichia coli-expressed His-tagged fusion protein from the 42 kDa C-terminal fragment from the 3D7 clone of the merozoite surface protein 1 formulated in the AS02A adjuvant. An open label, prospective, single-center Phase 1 dose escalation trial of FMP1/AS02A was conducted in 15 adult malaria-naive human volunteers to assess safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity. The vaccine was safe and well-tolerated and no serious adverse events were observed. The vaccine induced high-titer ELISA and IFA responses in all volunteers. Proliferative and ELISPOT responses were induced to vaccine antigen. Biologically active antibodies were induced as measured by GIA. This study establishes the foundation to further evaluate and measure the vaccine's ability to reduce morbidity and mortality in target populations directly affected by P. falciparum malaria. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. RP Ockenhouse, CF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM chris.ockenhouse@na.amedd.army.mil RI Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802 NR 41 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 5 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 15 BP 3009 EP 3017 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.11.028 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 034LY UT WOS:000236931700036 PM 16356603 ER PT J AU Cassell, MM Halperin, DT Shelton, JD Stanton, D AF Cassell, MM Halperin, DT Shelton, JD Stanton, D TI HIV and risk behaviour - Risk compensation: the Achilles' heel of innovations in HIV prevention? SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CONDOM USE; PARTNER REDUCTION; MALE CIRCUMCISION; INFECTION; UGANDA; TRANSMISSION; POPULATION; MEN; AVAILABILITY C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, So African Reg HIV AIDS Program, Mbabane, Swaziland. RP Cassell, MM (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM mcassell@usaid.gov NR 41 TC 195 Z9 198 U1 1 U2 14 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8146 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD MAR 11 PY 2006 VL 332 IS 7541 BP 605 EP 607 DI 10.1136/bmj.332.7541.605 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 026CN UT WOS:000236314400023 PM 16528088 ER PT J AU Rosales, FJ Sankaranarayanan, S Davidson, F AF Rosales, FJ Sankaranarayanan, S Davidson, F TI Urinary alpha-1-acid glycoprotein as a biomaker of ARI-induced inflammation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Mead Johnson Nutr, Evansville, IN 47721 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A143 EP A143 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501126 ER PT J AU Hill, K El Arifeen, S Koenig, M Al-Sabir, A Jamil, K Raggers, H AF Hill, K El Arifeen, S Koenig, M Al-Sabir, A Jamil, K Raggers, H TI How should we measure maternal mortality in the developing world? A comparison of household deaths and siblings history approaches SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE maternal mortality; data collection/methods; autopsy/methods; interviews; households; Bangladesh; developing countries (source : MeSH, NLM) ID SISTERHOOD METHOD; VERBAL AUTOPSY; MATLAB; BANGLADESH AB Objective A reduction in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is one of six health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). However, there is no consensus about how to measure MMR in the many countries that do not have complete registration of deaths and accurate ascertainment of cause of death. In this study, we compared estimates of pregnancy-related deaths and maternal mortality in a developing country from three different household survey measurement approaches: a module collecting information on deaths of respondents' sisters; collection of information about recent household deaths with a time-of-death definition of maternal deaths; and a verbal autopsy instrument to identify maternal deaths. Methods We used data from a very large nationally-representative household sample survey conducted in Bangladesh in 2001. A total of 104 323 households were selected for participation, and 99 202 households (95. 1% of selected households, 98.8% of contacted households) were successfully interviewed. Findings The sisterhood and household death approaches gave very similar estimates of all-cause and pregnancy-related mortality; verbal autopsy gave an estimate of maternal deaths that was about 15% lower than the pregnancy-related deaths. Even with a very large sample size, however, confidence intervals around mortality estimates were similar for all approaches and exceeded 15%. Conclusion Our findings suggest that with improved training for survey data collectors, both the sisterhood and household deaths methods are viable approaches for measuring pregnancy-related mortality. However, wide confidence intervals around the estimates indicate that routine sample surveys cannot provide the information needed to monitor progress towards the MDG target. Other approaches, such as inclusion of questions about household deaths in population censuses, should be considered. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Int Ctr Diarrhoel Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Natl Inst Populat Res & Training, Dhaka, Bangladesh. US Agcy Int Dev, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Hill, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM khill@jhsph.edu NR 21 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 84 IS 3 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.2471/BLT.05.027714 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 018IJ UT WOS:000235757400009 PM 16583075 ER PT J AU Anderson, J Benjamin, C Campbell, B Tiveau, D AF Anderson, J Benjamin, C Campbell, B Tiveau, D TI Forests, poverty and equity in Africa: new perspectives on policy and practice SO INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE forest policy; natural resource management; Africa; poverty; equity AB This paper places forestry in the larger context of rural development and therefore in the current debates on poverty and inequality. While Africa has high levels of natural and human capital it is the poorest and most unequal region in the world. In order for natural assets to contribute to environmental, economic and empowerment outcomes four principle interlinked changes are needed: 1) Improve the recognition of the fundamental role of natural resources in economic growth of poor countries and poor populations and in the development of democracies and good governance; 2) Better distribute resource rights, both property and procedural, giving the poor greater security, access and control; 3) Develop and implement frameworks, regulations and enforcement to assure that natural resource markets work for the poor; 4) Redefine the role of science and technology, and associated planning and institutions. C1 USDA, US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Williams Coll, Ctr Environm Studies, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. Charles Darwin Univ, Res Sch Environm Studies, Darwin, NT, Australia. Ctr Int Forestry Res, Bogor, Indonesia. Ctr Int Forestry Res, Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso. RP Anderson, J (reprint author), USDA, US Agcy Int Dev, 1325 G St NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM janderson@afr-sd.org NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU COMMONWEALTH FORESTRY ASSOCIATION PI CRAVEN ARRMS PA CRIB, DINCHOPE, CRAVEN ARRMS SY7 9JJ, SHROPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1465-5489 J9 INT FOREST REV JI Int. For. Rev. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 8 IS 1 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1505/ifor.8.1.44 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 050MA UT WOS:000238090500006 ER PT J AU Brennan, EJ AF Brennan, EJ TI Evolving USAID forestry programmes in Africa SO INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material DE USAID; forestry; privatization; extractive industries; national security AB This paper examines three major shifts in U.S. foreign assistance since 2000 that have had major impacts on USAID programming decisions in forestry. The first reflects a heightened awareness of the role development plays in meeting U.S. national security objectives. The second is a trend toward privatizing foreign assistance-adopting a new economic paradigm for sustainable development. The third supports the U.S. Government and USAID commitment to use local or indigenous expertise in implementing their programmes. Taken together, these changes will likely have profound effects on how USAID operates and funds programme development in all sectors, including forestry, in the coming years. This paper also presents examples of current programmes which illustrate programming trends within the forest sector. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Off Nat Resources, Forest Team EGAT NRM F, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Brennan, EJ (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off Nat Resources, Forest Team EGAT NRM F, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jbrennan@usaid.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMMONWEALTH FORESTRY ASSOCIATION PI CRAVEN ARRMS PA CRIB, DINCHOPE, CRAVEN ARRMS SY7 9JJ, SHROPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1465-5489 J9 INT FOREST REV JI Int. For. Rev. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 8 IS 1 BP 152 EP 161 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 050MA UT WOS:000238090500022 ER PT S AU Simbi, BH Bowie, MV McGuire, TC Barbet, AF Mahan, SM AF Simbi, Bigboy H. Bowie, Michael V. McGuire, Travis C. Barbet, Anthony F. Mahan, Suman M. BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Evaluation of E-ruminantium genes in DBA/2 mice as potential DNA vaccine candidates for control of heartwater SO CENTURY OF RICKETTSIOLOGY: EMERGING, REEMERGING RICKETTSIOSES, MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, AND EMERGING VETERINARY RICKETTSIOSES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE DNA vaccination; E. ruminantium; heartwater; cell-mediated immunity ID MAJOR ANTIGENIC PROTEIN-1; ELICITS T-LYMPHOCYTES; COWDRIA-RUMINANTIUM; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; PROTECTS MICE; INFECTION; CATTLE; IMMUNIZATION; AGENT; CHALLENGE AB Heartwater caused by the rickettsia Ehrlichia ruminantium (E. ruminantium) is an acute and fatal tick-borne disease of domestic and some wild ruminants. A user-friendly vaccine does not exist. We selected and tested nine genes of E. ruminantium for protection against challenge in a DBA/2 mouse model, in order to identify candidate genes for incorporation into a recombinant vaccine. Of the nine DNA vaccine constructs tested, four DNA constructs 14HWORF1/VR1012, 14HWORF2/VR1012, 27HWORF1/VR1012, and HSP58/VR1012 were not protective and were excluded from the study. The remaining five DNA constructs-MAP2/ VR1012, 1HWORF3/ VR1012, 4HWORF1/ VR1012,18HWORF1/ VR1012, and 3GDORF3/ VR1012-offered partial protection against lethal challenge demonstrated by reduced mortalities compared to control groups. Protection was augmented when DNA primed mice were boosted with a respective homologous recombinant protein. Protection in these five groups was associated with the induction of cell-mediated or T helper I (Th I) type of immune responses characterized by the production of large amounts of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 in in vitro proliferation assays using E. ruminantium antigens for stimulation. These responses were enhanced when the DNA-vaccinated DBA/2 mice were boosted with specific homologous recombinant protein vaccination. In a preliminary follow-up study, protection conferred by DNA vaccination with individual gene constructs was not enhanced when the protective constructs were administered in combination (including the map-1 gene of E. runtinantium). Further evaluation of these and other untested DNA constructs is necessary to optimize their expression in vivo in the presence of molecular adjuvants, such as the IFN-gamma gene, GM-CSF gene, IL-12 gene, and CpG motifs to fully evaluate their protective value. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Florida, USAID, SADC, Heartwater Res Project,Cent Vet Lab, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Mahan, SM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM MahanS@mail.vetmed.ufl.edu NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-639-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1078 BP 424 EP 437 DI 10.1196/annals.1374.131 PG 14 WC Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFP43 UT WOS:000243594400077 PM 17114751 ER PT J AU Adetunji, J Bos, ER AF Adetunji, Jacob Bos, Eduard R. BE Jamison, DT Feachem, RG Makgoba, MW Bos, ER Baingana, FK Hofman, KJ Rogo, KO TI Levels and Trends in Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview SO DISEASE AND MORTALITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Adetunji, Jacob] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Bos, Eduard R.] World Bank, Human Dev Network, Washington, DC 20433 USA. RP Adetunji, J (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-6398-0 PY 2006 BP 11 EP 14 D2 10.1596/978-0-8213-6397-3 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BAH98 UT WOS:000304199700003 ER PT B AU Nsubuga, P White, ME Thacker, SB Anderson, MA Blount, SB Broome, CV Chiller, TM Espitia, V Imtiaz, R Sosin, D Stroup, DF Tauxe, RV Vijayaraghavan, M Trostle, M AF Nsubuga, Peter White, Mark E. Thacker, Stephen B. Anderson, Mark A. Blount, Stephen B. Broome, Claire V. Chiller, Tom M. Espitia, Victoria Imtiaz, Rubina Sosin, Dan Stroup, Donna F. Tauxe, Robert V. Vijayaraghavan, Maya Trostle, Murray BE Jamison, DT Breman, JG Measham, AR Alleyne, G Claeson, M Evans, DB Jha, P Mills, A Musgrove, P TI Public Health Surveillance: A Tool for Targeting and Monitoring Interventions SO DISEASE CONTROL PRIORITIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; UNITED-STATES; SYSTEM C1 [Nsubuga, Peter; White, Mark E.; Thacker, Stephen B.; Anderson, Mark A.; Blount, Stephen B.; Broome, Claire V.; Chiller, Tom M.; Espitia, Victoria; Imtiaz, Rubina; Sosin, Dan; Stroup, Donna F.; Tauxe, Robert V.; Vijayaraghavan, Maya] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Trostle, Murray] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Nsubuga, P (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 64 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-6180-1; 978-0-8213-6179-5 PY 2006 BP 997 EP 1015 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BAV21 UT WOS:000305583100055 ER PT J AU Mkrtchyan, Z Kohler, R Ghazaryan, L Hovakimyan, L AF Mkrtchyan, Z. Kohler, R. Ghazaryan, L. Hovakimyan, L. TI Primary health care providers performance in delivering maternal and child health services in Armenia SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAID, Project NOVA, IntraHlth Int, Yerevan, Armenia. EM z_mkrtchyan@nova.am NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1101-1262 J9 EUR J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Eur. J. Public Health PY 2006 VL 16 SU 1 BP 166 EP 166 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 119JN UT WOS:000243008700476 ER PT J AU Hovakimyan, L Ghazaryan, L Mkrtchyan, Z Kohler, R AF Hovakimyan, L. Ghazaryan, L. Mkrtchyan, Z. Kohler, R. TI Competency-based training in reproductive health for rural nurses in Armenia SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAID, Project NOVA, IntraHealth Internat, Yerevan, Armenia. EM l_hovakimyan@nova.am NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1101-1262 J9 EUR J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Eur. J. Public Health PY 2006 VL 16 SU 1 BP 208 EP 208 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 119JN UT WOS:000243008700596 ER PT J AU Bjornlund, E Cowan, G Gallery, W AF Bjornlund, Eric Cowan, Glenn Gallery, William BE Brinkerhoff, DW TI ELECTION SYSTEMS AND POLITICAL PARTIES IN POST-CONFLICT AND FRAGILE STATES SO GOVERNANCE IN POST-CONFLICT SOCIETIES: REBUILDING FRAGILE STATES SE Contemporary Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cowan, Glenn] USAID, Washington, DC USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-96512-2 J9 CONTEMP SECUR STUD PY 2006 BP 64 EP 84 PG 21 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BMV56 UT WOS:000273660600006 ER PT J AU Schultz, TS Merrill, S AF Schultz, Tammy S. Merrill, Susan BE Brinkerhoff, DW TI FROM BULLETS TO BALLOTS The US Army role in stability and reconstruction operations SO GOVERNANCE IN POST-CONFLICT SOCIETIES: REBUILDING FRAGILE STATES SE Contemporary Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IRAQ C1 [Schultz, Tammy S.] Georgetown Univ, Secur Studies Program, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Merrill, Susan] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 103 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-96512-2 J9 CONTEMP SECUR STUD PY 2006 BP 115 EP 142 PG 28 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BMV56 UT WOS:000273660600008 ER PT J AU Brinkerhoff, JM AF Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M. BE Brinkerhoff, DW TI CONTRIBUTIONS OF DIGITAL DIASPORAS TO GOVERNANCE RECONSTRUCTION IN FRAGILE STATES Potential and promise SO GOVERNANCE IN POST-CONFLICT SOCIETIES: REBUILDING FRAGILE STATES SE Contemporary Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CIVIL-SOCIETY; PARTICIPATION; CONFLICT C1 [Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M.] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Policy & Publ Adm, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M.] Univ Maryland, Int Dev Management Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M.] USAID, Off Rural & Inst Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Brinkerhoff, JM (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Policy & Publ Adm, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-96512-2 J9 CONTEMP SECUR STUD PY 2006 BP 185 EP 203 PG 19 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BMV56 UT WOS:000273660600011 ER PT S AU Eckardt, S Shah, A AF Eckardt, Sebastian Shah, Anwar BE Shah, A TI Local Government Organization and Finance: Indonesia SO LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SE Public Sector Governance and Accountability Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Eckardt, Sebastian] Univ Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. [Eckardt, Sebastian] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Eckardt, Sebastian] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Shah, Anwar] World Bank Inst, Publ Sect Governance, Washington, DC USA. [Shah, Anwar] Canadian Minist Finance, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Eckardt, S (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA SN 2075-1516 BN 978-0-8213-6566-3 J9 PUB SECT GOV ACCOUNT PY 2006 BP 233 EP 274 D2 10.1596/978-0-8213-6565-6 PG 42 WC Planning & Development; Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BBJ76 UT WOS:000307094400009 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, JD TI Estimated protection too conservative SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM JShelton@USAID.Gov NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 3 IS 1 BP 137 EP 137 AR e65 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030065 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 026MJ UT WOS:000236342700024 PM 16435895 ER PT J AU Dalrymple, DG AF Dalrymple, DG TI William J. Spillman and the birth of agricultural economics. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Off Environm & Sci Policy, Int Res & Biotechnol Team, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Dalrymple, DG (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off Environm & Sci Policy, Int Res & Biotechnol Team, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 47 IS 1 BP 201 EP 203 DI 10.1353/tech.2006.0066 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 030SH UT WOS:000236654200027 ER PT J AU Smale, M AF Smale, M. BE Smale, M TI Concepts, Metrics and Plan of the Book SO VALUING CROP BIODIVERSITY: ON-FARM GENETIC RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID GENETIC-RESOURCES; AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION; GREEN-REVOLUTION; FARM SIZE; WHEAT; IMPROVEMENT; CONSERVATION; COLLECTION C1 [Smale, M.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Smale, M.] Int Plant Genet Resources Inst, Rome, Italy. [Smale, M.] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, El Batan, Mexico. [Smale, M.] Chemon Int, Temecula, CA USA. [Smale, M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Smale, M (reprint author), Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 85 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-083-5 PY 2006 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Biodiversity Conservation SC Agriculture; Biodiversity & Conservation GA BWO67 UT WOS:000294411700002 ER PT J AU Birol, E Kontoleon, A Smale, M AF Birol, E. Kontoleon, A. Smale, M. BE Smale, M TI Farmer Demand for Agricultural Biodiversity in Hungary's Transition Economy: A Choice Experiment Approach SO VALUING CROP BIODIVERSITY: ON-FARM GENETIC RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VALUATION; DIVERSITY; DESIGN; MODELS AB This chapter relates economic development and transition with farmer demand for four components of agricultural biodiversity found on family farms in Hungary using a combination of a stated preference approach and secondary data. Family farms in Hungary are known traditionally as 'home gardens'. Production on these farms is labour-intensive, with few purchased inputs. High levels of crop and variety diversity, and integrated crop and livestock production, are typical of home gardens. It is hypothesized that farmers' demand for home gardens will decrease as Hungary's economic transition proceeds and local, regional and national markets are integrated with European Union (EU) accession. This hypothesis is tested with a choice experiment conducted across 22 settlements in three regions with varying levels of economic development and market integration. Findings indicate that farmers in more economically developed, less isolated settlements will choose to depend less on home gardens for food security and will prefer lower levels of agricultural biodiversity. These results suggest that a vital cultural institution may disappear with EU accession. Data can be used to identify the settlements and farmers who would benefit most by agri-environmental policies that support their maintenance, at least public cost. In some situations, supporting their maintenance is consistent with the multifunctional agriculture approach stated in the EU's reformed Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The findings of this chapter complement those of the revealed preference analysis presented in Chapter 8 and the institutional analysis shown in Chapter 15, conducted in the same sites. C1 [Birol, E.; Kontoleon, A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Land Econ, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Birol, E.] Homerton Coll, Cambridge, England. [Birol, E.] Univ Reading, Dept Econ, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. [Birol, E.; Smale, M.] Int Plant Genet Resources Inst, Rome, Italy. [Birol, E.; Smale, M.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Kontoleon, A.] UCL, Dept Econ, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Kontoleon, A.] UCL, Ctr Social & Econ Res Global Environm, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Smale, M.] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, El Batan, Edo Mex, Mexico. [Smale, M.] Chemon Int, Temecula, CA USA. [Smale, M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Birol, E (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Land Econ, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-083-5 PY 2006 BP 32 EP 47 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Biodiversity Conservation SC Agriculture; Biodiversity & Conservation GA BWO67 UT WOS:000294411700004 ER PT J AU Benin, S Smale, M Pender, J AF Benin, S. Smale, M. Pender, J. BE Smale, M TI Explaining the Diversity of Cereal Crops and Varieties Grown on Household Farms in the Highlands of Northern Ethiopia SO VALUING CROP BIODIVERSITY: ON-FARM GENETIC RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ADOPTION; CONSERVATION; TECHNOLOGY; BALANCES; MEXICO; SCALE; MAIZE AB In this chapter, survey data are used to compare the determinants of intercrop (interspecific) and intracrop (intraspecific) cereal diversity on household farms in the highlands of northern Ethiopia using an approach based on the theoretic framework elaborated in Chapter 5. Physical features of the farm, and household characteristics such as livestock assets and the proportion of adults that are men or women, have large and significant effects on both the diversity among and within cereal crops grown, varying among crops. Demographic aspects such as age of household-head and adult education levels affect only intracrop diversity of cereals. Though there are no apparent trade-offs between policies that would enhance one type of diversity (richness) versus another (evenness), those designed to encourage intracrop diversity in one cereal crop might have the opposite effect on another crop. Trade-offs between factors associated with economic development and crop diversity are not evident in this resource-poor system. For example, market-related variables and population density have ambiguous effects on cereal crop diversity. Education positively influences cereal crop diversity. Growing modern varieties of maize or wheat does not detract from the richness or evenness of these cereals when measured at the level of household farms. The village-level analysis presented in Chapter 11 employs data collected in the same sites. C1 [Benin, S.; Pender, J.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Kampala, Uganda. [Benin, S.] Int Livestock Res Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Smale, M.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Smale, M.] Int Plant Genet Resources Inst, Rome, Italy. [Smale, M.] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, El Batan, Edo Mex, Mexico. [Smale, M.] Chemon Int, Temecula, CA USA. [Smale, M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Benin, S (reprint author), Int Food Policy Res Inst, Kampala, Uganda. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-083-5 PY 2006 BP 78 EP 96 PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Biodiversity Conservation SC Agriculture; Biodiversity & Conservation GA BWO67 UT WOS:000294411700007 ER PT J AU Edmeades, S Smale, M Karamura, D AF Edmeades, S. Smale, M. Karamura, D. BE Smale, M TI Demand for Cultivar Attributes and the Biodiversity of Bananas on Farms in Uganda SO VALUING CROP BIODIVERSITY: ON-FARM GENETIC RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIVERSITY; ADOPTION AB In comparison to the approach presented in Chapter 5, this chapter presents an attribute-based model of cultivar demand that is also derived within the theoretic framework of the agricultural household. Uganda is one of the largest national producers and consumers of bananas in the world, and is recognized as a second centre of diversity of bananas. Numerous distinct clones of the endemic East African highland bananas are managed by Ugandan farmers, in addition to unimproved, exotic types from South-east Asia and a few recently developed hybrids. High levels of banana cultivar diversity are also observed on individual farms. Reflecting the particular features of the banana plant, cultivar demand is expressed in mat counts and mat shares. A full taxonomy of banana clones is used to construct diversity metrics over mat counts and mat shares allocated to cultivars and use groups. Banana diversity is analysed in terms of two of the three taxonomic levels (cultivars and use groups). Findings underscore the importance of cultivar attributes in explaining the decisions of banana growers in Uganda. Although trade-offs across use groups are revealed when cooking quality and beer quality are considered, production traits are generally more important in explaining cultivar diversity than are consumption attributes. This suggests that maintaining cultivar diversity could be a deliberate strategy for managing abiotic and biotic pressures in this relatively labour-intensive production system with low levels of chemical inputs. C1 [Edmeades, S.; Smale, M.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Int Plant Genet Resources Inst, Rome, Italy. [Smale, M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Edmeades, S (reprint author), Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-083-5 PY 2006 BP 97 EP 118 PG 22 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Biodiversity Conservation SC Agriculture; Biodiversity & Conservation GA BWO67 UT WOS:000294411700008 ER PT J AU Birol, E Smale, M Gyovai, A AF Birol, E. Smale, M. Gyovai, A. BE Smale, M TI Explaining Farmer Demand for Agricultural Biodiversity in Hungary's Transition Economy SO VALUING CROP BIODIVERSITY: ON-FARM GENETIC RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB In this chapter, a household farm model is used to predict farmer demand for four components of the agricultural biodiversity found on family farms in Hungary. Family farms in Hungary are known traditionally as 'home gardens'. The analysis is based on survey data from the same sites studied in Chapters 3 and 15, which use stated preference and institutional approaches. The four components analysed are: (i) richness in crops and varieties (crop variety diversity); (ii) cultivation of landraces, as compared to modern varieties (crop genetic diversity); (iii) integration of crop and livestock production (agrodiversity); and (iv) use of organic production methods (soil microorganism diversity). The econometric model is based on the approach presented in Chapter 5, specified in different ways to reflect the definition of the dependent variable. Farm households who are most likely to sustain observed levels of agricultural biodiversity are described statistically. The stratified sample design lends insights into the potential impact of economic transition on the prospects for conserving agricultural biodiversity. Findings can assist those who formulate agri-environmental policy in Hungary to design efficient programmes that incorporate home garden management. C1 [Birol, E.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Land Econ, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Birol, E.] Homerton Coll, Cambridge, England. [Birol, E.] Univ Reading, Dept Econ, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. [Birol, E.; Smale, M.] Int Plant Genet Resources Inst, Rome, Italy. [Birol, E.; Smale, M.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Gyovai, A.] Inst Agrobot, Tapioszele, Hungary. [Smale, M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Birol, E (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Land Econ, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-083-5 PY 2006 BP 119 EP 145 PG 27 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Biodiversity Conservation SC Agriculture; Biodiversity & Conservation GA BWO67 UT WOS:000294411700009 ER PT J AU Gauchan, D Smale, M Maxted, N Cole, M AF Gauchan, D. Smale, M. Maxted, N. Cole, M. BE Smale, M TI Managing Rice Biodiversity on Farms: The Choices of Farmers and Breeders in Nepal SO VALUING CROP BIODIVERSITY: ON-FARM GENETIC RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIVERSITY; ADOPTION AB Farmers' choices, given the constraints they face, determine whether or not genetic resources of value to society for future crop improvement continue to be grown on farms. Plant breeders also influence crop biodiversity on farms through the supply of new genetic materials they develop. Using a conceptual approach that is similar to those presented in Part III, this chapter investigates determinants of farmers' choices and relates them to conservation goals and geneticists' preferences for landraces in Nepal, a centre of rice diversity. Factors explaining rice diversity measured at the level of the household farm include adult labour available for farm production, the ratio of expected subsistence needs to production, distance from the market and the heterogeneity of farm physical conditions. Those that enhance the richness or evenness of varieties are not always the same as those that increase the probability farmers will grow landraces that breeders consider to be of potential value for crop improvement. Isolation from markets is a major factor regardless of conservation goals. Growing rare landraces is associated with the involvement of women in farm production and landrace sales. Location in the hillside area is perhaps the single most important determinant for least cost conservation. Targeting households for landrace conservation may involve equity considerations since households in the hillsides who are most likely to continue to grow landraces with public value are better off in land, labour and household assets. C1 [Gauchan, D.] Nepal Agr Res Council, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Gauchan, D.] Natl Maize Res Programme, Rampur, Chitwan, India. [Cole, M.] Univ Birmingham, Dept Econ, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Smale, M.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Smale, M.] Int Plant Genet Resources Inst, Rome, Italy. [Smale, M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Gauchan, D (reprint author), Nepal Agr Res Council, Kathmandu, Nepal. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-083-5 PY 2006 BP 162 EP 176 PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Biodiversity Conservation SC Agriculture; Biodiversity & Conservation GA BWO67 UT WOS:000294411700011 ER PT J AU Gebremedhin, B Smale, M Pender, J AF Gebremedhin, B. Smale, M. Pender, J. BE Smale, M TI Determinants of Cereal Diversity in Villages of Northern Ethiopia SO VALUING CROP BIODIVERSITY: ON-FARM GENETIC RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AB This chapter compares factors explaining the inter-(interspecific) and intracrop (infraspecific diversity) of cereals grown by villages in Peasant Associations (PAs) of the northern Ethiopian highlands of Amhara and Tigray, building on the household-level analysis presented for the same sites in Chapter 6. The village is the smallest social unit for policy interventions targeted at sustainable management of crop biodiversity on farms. Villages have the capacity to govern the utilization and conservation of genetic resources, reconciling private and social objectives. Econometric analysis indicates that a combination of factors related to the agroecology of a village, proximity to markets and the characteristics of households and farms within the village influence the level of inter-and intracrop diversity of cereals. Determinants differ between Amhara and Tigray regions. There are no apparent trade-offs between policies seeking to enhance the richness or the equitability among cereal crops or within any single crop grown in villages. Trade-offs may occur among crops, however. Growing modern varieties of maize has a positive effect on the evenness of maize types grown within communities, although modern varieties of wheat have no observable effect. At the village level, markets appear to introduce cereal crop diversity in some cases, while in others, they reduce it. Ambiguity of market effects could reflect local demand relative to local seed supply, or different phases of seed and product market development. C1 [Gebremedhin, B.] Int Livestock Res Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Smale, M.; Pender, J.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Smale, M.] Int Plant Genet Resources Inst, Rome, Italy. [Smale, M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Gebremedhin, B (reprint author), Int Livestock Res Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-083-5 PY 2006 BP 177 EP 191 PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Biodiversity Conservation SC Agriculture; Biodiversity & Conservation GA BWO67 UT WOS:000294411700012 ER PT J AU Van Dusen, ME Dennis, E Ilyasov, J Lee, M Treshkin, S Smale, M AF Van Dusen, M. E. Dennis, E. Ilyasov, J. Lee, M. Treshkin, S. Smale, M. BE Smale, M TI Social Institutions and Seed Systems: The Diversity of Fruits and Nuts in Uzbekistan SO VALUING CROP BIODIVERSITY: ON-FARM GENETIC RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter builds on the household model presented in Chapter 5 by exploring the role of social institutions in household access to planting material and use of crop biodiversity. Two types of institutions are analysed: (i) local community groups to which a household may belong and (ii) sources of planting material and agricultural information. Findings from a household survey implemented in two districts of Samarqand, Uzbekistan, provide a description of the diversity of fruits and nut trees, as well as the nature of systems for planting material. Econometric analysis reveals a linkage between participation in community groups and the levels of fruit and nut tree diversity managed by households. No relationship is found between the type of institution used to obtain genetic material and the level of diversity in orchards. Household participation in community groups influences the type of institution used for access to genetic material, however. C1 [Van Dusen, M. E.; Dennis, E.; Smale, M.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Van Dusen, M. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dennis, E.; Smale, M.] Int Plant Genet Resources Inst, Rome, Italy. [Smale, M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Treshkin, S.] Tashkent Off, Int Plant Genet Resources Inst, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. RP Van Dusen, ME (reprint author), Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-083-5 PY 2006 BP 192 EP 210 PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Biodiversity Conservation SC Agriculture; Biodiversity & Conservation GA BWO67 UT WOS:000294411700013 ER PT J AU Nagarajan, L Smale, M AF Nagarajan, L. Smale, M. BE Smale, M TI Community Seed Systems and the Biodiversity of Millet Crops in Southern India SO VALUING CROP BIODIVERSITY: ON-FARM GENETIC RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FARMERS; CONSERVATION; COUNTRIES; VARIETIES; POTATO AB This chapter expands the approach of Chapter 11, adding seed system characteristics to the set of factors that influence variation in crop biodiversity levels measured at the geographical scale of the community. In the subsistence-oriented, semiarid production systems of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, India, the environment is marginal for crop growth and often there is no substitute for millet crops. Across communities, farmers grow 13 different combinations of pearl millet, sorghum, finger millet, little millet and foxtail millet varieties, but individual farmers grow an average of only two to three millet varieties per season. The notion of the seed system includes all channels through which farmers acquire genetic materials, outside or in interaction with the commercial seed industry. Data are compiled through household surveys and interviews with traders and dealers in village and district markets. Based on the concept of the seed lot, several characteristics of local seed markets are defined and measured by millet crop, including seed transfer rates for farmer-to-farmer transactions and seed replacement ratios. Most seed transactions appear to be based on money. Seed supply channels differ by improvement status of the genetic material. Econometric results indicate the significance of the seed replacement ratios and seed volumes traded in determining the levels of crop biodiversity managed by communities, in addition to the household, farm and other market-related factors identified by previous studies. These are interpreted as indicators of market strength. C1 [Nagarajan, L.; Smale, M.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Smale, M.] Int Plant Genet Resources Inst, Rome, Italy. [Smale, M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Nagarajan, L (reprint author), Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-083-5 PY 2006 BP 211 EP 232 PG 22 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Biodiversity Conservation SC Agriculture; Biodiversity & Conservation GA BWO67 UT WOS:000294411700014 ER PT J AU Smale, M Lipper, L Koundouri, P AF Smale, M. Lipper, L. Koundouri, P. BE Smale, M TI Scope, Limitations and Future Directions SO VALUING CROP BIODIVERSITY: ON-FARM GENETIC RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Smale, M.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Smale, M.] Int Plant Genet Resources Inst, Rome, Italy. [Smale, M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Koundouri, P.] Univ Reading, Dept Econ, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. [Koundouri, P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Econ, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Koundouri, P.] UCL, Dept Econ, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Koundouri, P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Econ, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Koundouri, P.] London Business Sch, Ctr Econ Forecasting, London, England. [Koundouri, P.] UCL, Ctr Socioecon Res Global Environm, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Koundouri, P.] Cambridge Commonwealth Trust, Cambridge, England. [Koundouri, P.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Koundouri, P.] WHO, New York, NY USA. RP Smale, M (reprint author), Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-083-5 PY 2006 BP 280 EP 295 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Biodiversity Conservation SC Agriculture; Biodiversity & Conservation GA BWO67 UT WOS:000294411700018 ER PT J AU Zambrano, P Smale, M AF Zambrano, P. Smale, M. BE Smale, M TI An Annotated Bibliography of Applied Economics Studies about Crop Biodiversity In Situ (On Farms) SO VALUING CROP BIODIVERSITY: ON-FARM GENETIC RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC CHANGE LA English DT Bibliography; Book Chapter C1 [Zambrano, P.; Smale, M.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Smale, M.] Int Plant Genet Resources Inst, Rome, Italy. [Smale, M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Zambrano, P (reprint author), Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-083-5 PY 2006 BP 296 EP 309 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Biodiversity Conservation SC Agriculture; Biodiversity & Conservation GA BWO67 UT WOS:000294411700019 ER PT J AU Salas, CJ Magill, AJ Ruebush, TK Kain, KC Zhong, KJ Lucas, CM Bautista, CT Bacon, DJ AF Salas, Carola J. Magill, Alan J. Ruebush, Trenton K., II Kain, Kevin C. Zhong, Kathleen J. Lucas, Carmen M. Bautista, Christian T. Bacon, David J. TI Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance in plasmodium falciparum in the Amazon region of Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Salas, Carola J.; Lucas, Carmen M.; Bacon, David J.] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Magill, Alan J.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Ruebush, Trenton K., II] USAID Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Kain, Kevin C.; Zhong, Kathleen J.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bautista, Christian T.] US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. [Bautista, Christian T.] Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 368 BP 122 EP 122 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000367 ER PT J AU Angov, E Brent-Kirk, A Bowden, SA Soisson, LA Stoute, JA Ockenhouse, CF Cohen, J Diggs, CL Heppner, DG Lyon, JA AF Angov, Evelina Brent-Kirk, Afiya Bowden, Scott A. Soisson, Lorraine A. Stoute, Jose A. Ockenhouse, Christian F. Cohen, Joe Diggs, Carter L. Heppner, Donald G. Lyon, Jeffrey A. TI Analysis of antibody specificities detected by an MSP1-42 fragment specific ELISA following vaccination with FMP1/ASO2A in three diverse populations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Angov, Evelina; Brent-Kirk, Afiya; Bowden, Scott A.; Ockenhouse, Christian F.; Heppner, Donald G.; Lyon, Jeffrey A.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine A.; Diggs, Carter L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Stoute, Jose A.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Cohen, Joe] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 557 BP 183 EP 184 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000556 ER PT J AU Ogutu, BR Withers, MR Onyango, M Otieno, A Waitumbi, JN Heppner, DG Tucker, MSK Milman, J Leach, A Spiessens, B Ballou, R Diggs, C Stoute, J AF Ogutu, Bernhards R. Withers, Mark R. Onyango, Melanie Otieno, Allan Waitumbi, John N. Heppner, Donald G. Tucker, Kathryn M. S. Milman, Jessica Leach, Amanda Spiessens, Bert Ballou, Ripley Diggs, Carter Stoute, Jose TI A longitudinal cohort study of the epidemiology of pediatric malaria in Kombewa division, western Kenya: Update SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ogutu, Bernhards R.; Onyango, Melanie; Otieno, Allan; Waitumbi, John N.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. [Withers, Mark R.] USAMRU K, Kenya Med Res Inst, Kisumu, Kenya. [Heppner, Donald G.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Maryland, MD USA. [Tucker, Kathryn M. S.] Stat Collaborat Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Milman, Jessica] PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiat, Washington, DC USA. [Milman, Jessica] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. [Diggs, Carter] US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Project, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 850 BP 280 EP 280 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001273 ER PT J AU Angov, E Khan, F N-Leitner, ESB Kincaid, R Heppner, DG Soisson, L Cohen, J Diggs, CL Lyon, JA AF Angov, Evelina Khan, Farhat N-Leitner, Elke S. Bergman Kincaid, Randall Heppner, Donald G. Soisson, Lorraine Cohen, Joe Diggs, Carter L. Lyon, Jeffrey A. TI Antibodies raised against Plasmodium falciparum MSP1-42 expressed from a fully codon-harmonized gene are significantly more growth inhibitory than those raised against the same antigen expressed from a partially codon-harmonized gene SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Angov, Evelina; Khan, Farhat; N-Leitner, Elke S. Bergman; Heppner, Donald G.; Lyon, Jeffrey A.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kincaid, Randall] Veritas Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cohen, Joe] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 887 BP 292 EP 292 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001310 ER PT J AU Natsios, AS AF Natsios, AS TI Biotech relations SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Natsios, AS (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 6 EP 7 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 887IB UT WOS:000226298100002 ER PT J AU Grigoryan, A AF Grigoryan, A TI Primary health care reform in Armenia: new model of care and lessons learned SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Agcy Int Dev Armenia, Democracy & Social Reform Off, Yerevan, Armenia. EM Agrigoryan@usaid.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1101-1262 J9 EUR J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Eur. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2005 VL 15 SU 1 BP 133 EP 134 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 001UI UT WOS:000234567800351 ER PT J AU Larsen, HO Smith, PD Olsen, CS AF Larsen, HO Smith, PD Olsen, CS TI Nepal's conservation policy options for commercial medicinal plant harvesting: stakeholder views SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE community forestry; forest policy; Himalaya; Nepal; non-timber forest products; participation ID FOREST CONSERVATION; TROPICAL FOREST; ECONOMIC VALUE; TRADE AB There is a huge annual trade in Himalayan medicinal plants but only limited information on their sustainable use and conservation. The aim of this paper is to investigate if sustainable commercial medicinal plant management is promoted by forest policy formation and implementation in Nepal. Data was obtained through 175 semi-structured interviews with persons from five stakeholder groups involved in commercial alpine medicinal plant exploitation and conservation in Nepal: harvesters, traders, District Forest Office staff, staff at departments and ministerial level of the Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, and international and local NGOs and donors. The emphasis was on recording respondents' views on the official mechanisms regulating harvest of alpine commercial medicinal plants. It was found that current approaches to non-timber forest policy formation and implementation need to be revised if objectives of conservation and sustainable management are to be achieved. Identified problems include exclusion of harvesters from the policy formation process and widespread agreement among respondents that current collection permits and bans do not strongly affect resource utilization. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Danish Ctr Forestry Landscape & Planning, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark. Inst Forestry, ComForM Project, Pokhara, Nepal. US Int Agcy Int Dev, USAID Biodivers Team, Washington, DC USA. RP Larsen, HO (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Danish Ctr Forestry Landscape & Planning, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark. EM hol@kvl.dk RI Larsen, Helle Overgaard/E-5640-2011; OI Larsen, Helle Overgaard/0000-0002-9566-3848; Smith-Hall, Carsten/0000-0003-3908-3002 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0030-6053 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD OCT PY 2005 VL 39 IS 4 BP 435 EP 441 DI 10.1017/S0030605305001079 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 996DB UT WOS:000234153500016 ER PT J AU Mermin, J Bunnell, R Lule, J Opio, A Gibbons, A Dybul, M Kaplan, J AF Mermin, J Bunnell, R Lule, J Opio, A Gibbons, A Dybul, M Kaplan, J TI Developing an evidence-based, preventive care package for persons with HIV in Africa SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE HIV; opportunistic infections; Africa; care; prevention; voluntary counselling and testing ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; VITAMIN-A SUPPLEMENTATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; SYSTEMIC FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; DAR-ES-SALAAM; COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; COTE-DIVOIRE; SOUTH-AFRICA; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS AB Currently, 95% of the 40 million persons with HIV live in low and middle income countries; 27 million in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV/AIDS is a leading cause of death in the region, yet access to care and treatment considered standard-of-care in the industrialized world is extremely limited. There is a need for standardized, evidence-based recommendations on preventive measures. We developed a list of potential interventions based, when possible, on documented efficacy in reducing morbidity or mortality among persons with HIV in Africa. We considered the accessibility, affordability, and potential for implementation using existing health care infrastructure. Potential components included cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, safe drinking water, isoniazid prophylaxis, insecticide-treated bed nets, micronutrients, and provision of HIV counseling and testing and condoms to family members of persons with HIV. There are several additional interventions for which further evaluation would be useful before inclusion in a standard package of care, including acyclovir prophylaxis, food supplementation, hand washing, and fluconazole prophylaxis. The provision of a basic care package could be an important step toward reducing health care disparities and gaining more control of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. C1 Uganda Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC 20520 USA. CDC Uganda, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entebbe, Uganda. RP Mermin, J (reprint author), Uganda Virus Res Inst, CDC Uganda, POB 49, Entebbe, Uganda. EM jhm7@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 77 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD OCT PY 2005 VL 10 IS 10 BP 961 EP 970 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01488.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 967OP UT WOS:000232101000004 PM 16185230 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD Cassell, MM Adetunji, J AF Shelton, JD Cassell, MM Adetunji, J TI Is poverty or wealth at the root of HIV? SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM JShelton@USAID.GOV NR 5 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 5 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 24 PY 2005 VL 366 IS 9491 BP 1057 EP 1058 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67401-6 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 967TL UT WOS:000232114000007 PM 16182881 ER PT J AU Mwenesi, HA AF Mwenesi, HA TI Social science research in malaria prevention, management and control in the last two decades: An overview SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE malaria prevention; management and control; social science research; advances; capacity building ID TREATED BED NETS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; WESTERN KENYA; HOME TREATMENT; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; BAGAMOYO DISTRICT; TREATMENT-SEEKING; CHILDHOOD FEVERS; FEBRILE ILLNESS; MOSQUITO NETS AB In the recent past, considerable progress has been made in understanding how human behavior and social organization, macro-and micro-level economic processes, and health and political systems affect responses to malaria at global, national, community, household, and individual levels. Advances in malaria-related social, behavioral,economic, evaluation, health systems, and policy (social science) research have resulted in improvements in the design and implementation of malaria prevention, management and control (PMC) strategies. Indeed, the past two decades chronicle dramatic advances in the implementation of evidence-based interventions, drawn not only from biomedical but also from social science research. Malaria awareness-raising, advocacy, case management, and prevention efforts have reaped the benefits of social science research and as a result, many programs are implemented and evaluated in a more effective manner than in the past. However, the pace at which findings from social science research are integrated into program and policy implementation is unsatisfactory. Additionally, examples remain of programs that fail to utilize findings front social science research and as a result, achieve minimal results. Furthermore, there is a sizeable body of knowledge that is underutilized and which, if assimilated into programs and policies, could accelerate progress in malaria PMC. Examples include information on meaningful community participation, gender, socio-economic status, and health systems. Regrettably, although social science input is necessary for almost all interventions for malaria management and control, the numbers of scientists working in this area are dismal in most of the key disciplines-medical anthropology; demography; geography and sociology; health economics and health policy; social psychology social epidemiology and behavior-change communication. Further, skills of program workers charged with implementation of interventions and strategies at country level are most often inadequate. The Special Program for Research and training in tropical diseases (TDR) and the multi-lateral initiative on malaria (MIM) have remained in the forefront of capacity building for this area of research, but additional efforts are needed to bring more applied social scientists into the fold. Their skills are necessary to ensure that social science findings get to program planners and implementers in a useful form that allows for more rapid and appropriate integration of the results into malaria PMC programs and policies. A re-thinking of the current focus within capacity building efforts is proposed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAID, NetMark Africa Reg Malaria Program, Acad Educ Dev, ZA-1685 Midrand, South Africa. RP Mwenesi, HA (reprint author), USAID, NetMark Africa Reg Malaria Program, Acad Educ Dev, Post Net 92,Private Bag,Halfway House, ZA-1685 Midrand, South Africa. EM hmwenesi@aed.org.za NR 43 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 BP 292 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.acatropica.2005.06.004 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 964MX UT WOS:000231886300017 PM 16011829 ER PT J AU Kottiri, BJ Friedman, SR Euler, GL Flom, PL Sandoval, M Neaigus, A Jarlais, DCD Zenilman, JM AF Kottiri, BJ Friedman, SR Euler, GL Flom, PL Sandoval, M Neaigus, A Jarlais, DCD Zenilman, JM TI A community-based study of hepatitis B infection and immunization among young, adults in a high-drug-use neighborhood in New York City SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE drug use; hepatitis B infection; hepatitis B vaccination; youth ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS; HIGH-RISK ADULTS; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-HEALTH; HIDDEN POPULATIONS; VIRUS INFECTION; SAN-FRANCISCO; VACCINATION; SEX; PREVALENCE AB We conducted a community-based study of the prevalence and correlates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and immunization among young adults in a "drug supermarket" neighborhood in New York City. Four hundred eighty-nine young adults ages 18-24 years were recruited from Bushwick, Brooklyn through multistage household probability sampling (n = 332) and targeted sampling (n = 157), interviewed, and tested for three hepatitis B markers (HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs). Serological evidence of HBV infection was found in 8.0% (6.0% in the household sample and 12.1% in the targeted sample) and of hepatitis B immunization in 19.6% (22.6% in the household sample and 13.4% in the targeted sample). HBV infection was higher among young adults who either used crack or injected drugs and among those who traded sex for money or drugs. Having Medicaid was significantly associated with lower odds of infection in the household sample and higher odds of immunization in the targeted sample. Although adolescent hepatitis B immunization has been a public health priority in the United States since 1995, nearly three-quarters of young adults in this community did not have serological evidence of being either exposed or immunized. Whereas subsequent younger generations benefited from universal childhood hepatitis B immunization, this particular cohort of young adults who live in communities like Bushwick presents a unique group for prevention intervention. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Natl Dev & Res Inst Inc, Inst AIDS Res, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bdth Israel Med Ctr, Inst Chem Dependency, New York, NY USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Kottiri, BJ (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, 5-10-6 RRB,1300 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM bkottiri@usaid.gov FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA10411] NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD SEP PY 2005 VL 82 IS 3 BP 479 EP 487 DI 10.1093/jurban/jti095 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 958GQ UT WOS:000231433100015 PM 16033931 ER PT J AU Mous, PJ Pet, JS Arifin, Z Djohani, R Erdmann, MV Halim, A Knight, M Pet-Soede, L Wiadnya, G AF Mous, PJ Pet, JS Arifin, Z Djohani, R Erdmann, MV Halim, A Knight, M Pet-Soede, L Wiadnya, G TI Policy needs to improve marine capture fisheries management and to define a role for marine protected areas in Indonesia SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fisheries management; Indonesia; Maximum Sustainable Yield; overexploitation; policy AB Management of Indonesia's marine capture fisheries faces a huge dilemma: evidence suggests that most, if not all, of Indonesia's capture fisheries are fully or overexploited, but the fishery sector is still expected to contribute to the increase of Indonesia's gross national product (GNP) through an increase in total catches. Furthermore, the current practice of using catch-effort data and Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) models to inform Indonesia's fisheries policies is flawed, putting sustainability and long-term profitability of Indonesia's fisheries at risk. It is argued that the following shift in capture fisheries management policy must be achieved to ensure the survival of Indonesia's fish stocks and fisheries: 1 a shift in fisheries policy from development-oriented management towards management for sustainability; 2 acceptance by fisheries managers that 'untapped resources' may not exist or cannot be exploited profitably; 3 acceptance by fisheries managers that any transfer of fishing effort between fishing grounds may contribute to collapse of local fisheries; 4 a shift in fisheries management from MSY models to eco-system based management, wherein Marine Protected Areas should play an important role. C1 Nature Conservancy, SE Asia Ctr Marine Protected Arreas, Bali, Indonesia. Pusat Penelitian Oseanog, LIPI, Jakarta, Indonesia. Nat Resources Management Program, Jakarta, Indonesia. USAID Indonesia Coastal Resources Management Proj, Int Resources Grp, Jakarta, Indonesia. World Wide Fund Nat Indonesia, Marine Program, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Mous, PJ (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, SE Asia Ctr Marine Protected Arreas, J1 Pengembak 2, Sanur Bali, Indonesia. EM pmous@tnc.org NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 12 IS 4 BP 259 EP 268 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2005.00448.x PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 946VO UT WOS:000230601600004 ER PT J AU Conde-Agudelo, A Belizan, JM Norton, MH Rosas-Bermudez, A AF Conde-Agudelo, A Belizan, JM Norton, MH Rosas-Bermudez, A TI Effect of the interpregnancy interval on perinatal outcomes in Latin America SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEONATAL DEATH; BIRTH OUTCOMES; PRETERM BIRTH; RISK; PREGNANCIES; MORTALITY; WEIGHT AB Objective: To estimate whether interpregnancy interval is independently associated with increased risk of perinatal death and other adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods: We investigated the effect of interpregnancy interval on perinatal outcomes in 1,125,430 pregnancies recorded in the Perinatal Information System database of the Latin American Center for Perinatology and Human Development, Montevideo, Uruguay, between 1985 and 2004. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for 16 major confounding factors using multiple logistic regression models. Results: Compared with infants with interpregnancy intervals of 18-23 months, those born to women with intervals shorter than 6 months had an increased risk of early neonatal death (adjusted OR 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.96), fetal death (adjusted OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.28-1.83), low birth weight (adjusted OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.78-1.90), very low birth weight (adjusted OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.73-2.31), preterm birth (adjusted OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.71-1.89), very preterm birth (adjusted OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.67-2.26), and small for gestational age (adjusted OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.25-1.36). Intervals of 6-11 months and 60 months and longer were also associated with a significantly greater risk for the 7 adverse perinatal outcomes. Conclusion: In Latin America, interpregnancy intervals shorter than 12 months and longer than 59 months are independently associated with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. These data suggest that spacing pregnancies appropriately could prevent perinatal deaths and other adverse perinatal outcomes in the developing world. C1 Fdn Clin Valle Lili, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Cali, Colombia. WHO, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Latin Amer Ctr Perinatol & Human Dev, CLAP, Montevideo, Uruguay. Inst Clin Effectiveness & Hlth Policy, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USAID, Bur Global Hlth, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Univ Autonoma Occidente, Cali, Colombia. RP Conde-Agudelo, A (reprint author), Calle 58 26-60, Palmira Valle, Colombia. EM condeagu@uniweb.net.co OI Belizan, Jose/0000-0002-8412-3010 NR 22 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 106 IS 2 BP 359 EP 366 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000171118.79529.a3 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 948LR UT WOS:000230717800023 PM 16055588 ER PT J AU Shaaban, LM Harbison, S AF Shaaban, LM Harbison, S TI Reaching the tipping point against female genital mutilation SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shaaban, LM (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM lshaaban@usaid.gov NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 30 PY 2005 VL 366 IS 9483 BP 347 EP 349 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67003-1 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 950IB UT WOS:000230849700006 PM 16054923 ER PT J AU Dalrymple, DG AF Dalrymple, DG TI Scientific knowledge as a public good SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Off Environm & Sci Policy, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Dalrymple, DG (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off Environm & Sci Policy, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM ddalrymple@usaid.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3535 MARKET ST, SUITE 200, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-3385 USA SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD JUN 20 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 12 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 937BY UT WOS:000229900800004 ER PT J AU Sintasath, DM Ghebremeskel, T Lynch, M Kleinau, E Bretas, G Shililu, J Brantly, E Graves, PM Beier, JC AF Sintasath, DM Ghebremeskel, T Lynch, M Kleinau, E Bretas, G Shililu, J Brantly, E Graves, PM Beier, JC TI Malaria prevalence and associated risk factors in Eritrea SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; HOUSE DESIGN; TRANSMISSION; HIGHLANDS; DIAGNOSIS; MOSQUITOS; CHILDREN; LARVAE; VIVAX; AREA AB A parasitological cross-sectional survey was undertaken from September 2000 through February 2001 to estimate the prevalence of malaria parasitemia in Eritrea. A total of 12,937 individuals from 176 villages were screened for both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasite species using the OptiMal Rapid Diagnostic Test. Malaria prevalence was generally low but highly focal and variable with the proportion of parasitemia at 2.2% (range: 0.4% to 6.5%). Despite no significant differences in age or sex-specific prevalence rates, 7% of households accounted for the positive cases and 90% of these were P. falciparum. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that mud walls were positively associated with malaria infection (OR [odds ratio] = 1.6 [95% CI: 1.2, 2.2], P < 0.008). For countries with low and seasonal malaria transmission, such information can help programs design improved strategic interventions. C1 Minist Hlth, Natl Malaria Control Program, Asmera, Eritrea. USAID, Bur Global Hlth, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Environm Hlth Project, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. ICIPE, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Miami, Global Publ Hlth Program, Miami, FL 33177 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, USAID, Hlth & Child Survival Fellows Program, USAID, Eritrea. RP Sintasath, DM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Box 1382, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM dsintasa@jhsph.edu; tewolali@gemel.com.er; mlynch@usaid.gov; kleinauef@ehproject.org; gbretas@hotmail.com; jshililu@icipe.org; epb@rti.org; patriciagraves@attglobal.net; jbeier@med.miami.edu RI Graves, Patricia/J-8691-2014 OI Graves, Patricia/0000-0002-5215-3901 NR 24 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 BP 682 EP 687 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 936XA UT WOS:000229887600007 PM 15964950 ER PT J AU Campbell, C Gipson, R Issa, AH Matta, N El Deeb, B El Mohandes, A Alwen, A Mansour, E AF Campbell, C Gipson, R Issa, AH Matta, N El Deeb, B El Mohandes, A Alwen, A Mansour, E TI National maternal mortality ratio in Egypt halved between 1992-93 and 2000 SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE maternal mortality/trends; cause of death; risk factors; prenatal care/standards; maternal health services; Egypt AB Two surveys of maternal mortality conducted in Egypt, in 1992-93 and in 2000, collected data from a representative sample of health bureaus covering all of Egypt, except for five frontier governorates which were covered only by the later survey, using the vital registration forms. The numbers of maternal deaths were determined and interviews conducted. The medical causes of death and avoidable factors were determined. Results showed that the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) had dropped by 52% within that period (from 174 to 84/100 000 live births). The National Maternal Mortality Survey in 1992-93 (NMMS) revealed that the metropolitan areas and Upper Egypt had a higher MMR than Lower Egypt. In response to these results, the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) intensified the efforts of its Safe Motherhood programmes in Upper Egypt with the result that the regional situation had reversed in 2000. Consideration of the intermediate and outcome indicators suggests that the greatest effect of maternal health interventions was on the death-related avoidable factors "substandard care by health providers" and "delays in recognizing problems or seeking medical care". The enormous improvements in these areas are certainly due in part to extensive training, revised curricula, the publication of medical protocols and services standards, the upgrading of facilities, and successful community outreach programmes and media campaigns. The impact on the utilization of antenatal care (ANC) has been less successful. Other areas that remain problematic are inadequate supplies of blood, drugs and equipment. Although the number of maternal deaths linked to haemorrhage has been drastically reduced, it remains the primary cause. The drop in maternal mortality in the 1990s in response to Safe Motherhood programmes was impressive and the ability to tailor interventions based on the data from the NMMS of 1992-93 and 2000 was clearly demonstrated. To ensure the continuing availability of information to guide and evaluate programmes for reducing maternal mortality, an Egyptian national maternal mortality surveillance system is being developed. C1 John Snow Inc, Natl Maternal Mortal Study, Cairo, Egypt. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. US Agcy Int Dev, Healthy Mother Healthy Child Team Project, Cairo, Egypt. Cent Agcy Publ Mobilizat & Stat, Cairo, Egypt. George Washington Univ, Dept Pediat & Obstet, Sch Med, Washington, DC USA. Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. RP Gipson, R (reprint author), John Snow Inc, Natl Maternal Mortal Study, Cairo, Egypt. EM rgipson@jsiegypt.com RI Sandall, Jane/D-4146-2009 OI Sandall, Jane/0000-0003-2000-743X NR 28 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 83 IS 6 BP 462 EP 471 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 936JJ UT WOS:000229851000013 PM 15976898 ER PT J AU Mahan, S Kelly, PJ Mahan, SM AF Mahan, S Kelly, PJ Mahan, SM TI A preliminary study to evaluate the immune responses induced by immunization of dogs with inactivated Ehrlichia canis organisms SO ONDERSTEPOORT JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ehrlichia canis; canine monocytic ehrlichiosis; immune responses; immunization ID COWDRIA-RUMINANTIUM; ORDER RICKETTSIALES; AMBLYOMMA TICKS; DNA-PROBE; HEARTWATER; AGENT; INFECTION; PANCYTOPENIA; CHALLENGE; PROTEIN AB Ehrlichia canis is an intracellular pathogen that causes canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Although the role of antibody responses cannot be discounted, control of this intracellular pathogen is expected to be by cell mediated immune responses. The immune responses in dogs immunized with inactivated E. canis organisms in combination with Quil A were evaluated. Immunization provoked strong humoral and cellular immune responses, which were demonstrable by Western blotting and lymphocyte proliferation assays. By Western blotting antibodies to several immunodominant E canis proteins were detected in serum from immunized dogs and antibody titres increased after each immunization. The complement of immunogenic proteins recognized by the antisera were similar to those recognized in serum from infected dogs. Upon challenge with live E canis, rapid anamnestic humoral responses were detected in the serum of immunized dogs and primary antibody responses were detected in the serum from control dogs. Following immunization, a lymphocyte proliferative response (cellular immunity) was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNs) of immunized dogs upon stimulation with E canis antigens. These responses were absent from non-immunized control dogs until after infection with live E. canis, when antigen specific-lymphocyte proliferation responses were also detected in the PBMNs of the control dogs. It can be thus concluded that immunization against canine monocytic ehrlichiosis may be feasible. However, the immunization regimen needs to be optimized and a detailed investigation needs to be done to determine if this regimen can prevent development of acute and chronic disease. C1 Univ Florida, Heartwater Control Res Program, ZA-0045 Pretoria, South Africa. Univ Zimbabwe, Fac Vet Med, Harare, Zimbabwe. USAID, UF, Heartwater Res Project, Cent Vet Diagnost & Res Lab, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Mahan, SM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Heartwater Control Res Program, Postnet Suite 294,Private Bag X06,Waterkloof, ZA-0045 Pretoria, South Africa. EM sumanmah@mweb.co.za NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ONDERSTEPOORT VETERINARY INST, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI ONDERSTEPOORT PA PRIVATE BAG X5, ONDERSTEPOORT 0110, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0030-2465 J9 ONDERSTEPOORT J VET JI Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 BP 119 EP 128 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 965IL UT WOS:000231943800002 PM 16137129 ER PT J AU Wijeyaratne, PM Chand, PB Valecha, N Shahi, B Adak, T Ansari, MA Jha, J Pandey, S Bannerjee, S Bista, MB AF Wijeyaratne, PM Chand, PB Valecha, N Shahi, B Adak, T Ansari, MA Jha, J Pandey, S Bannerjee, S Bista, MB TI Therapeutic efficacy of antimalarial drugs along the eastern Indo-Nepal border: a cross-border collaborative study SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE malaria; chloroquine; sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine; drug resistance; Indo-Nepal border AB This collaborative cross-border study was performed to determine the therapeutic efficacy of antimalarial drugs used by the National Programmes for falciparum malaria along the eastern Indo-Nepal border where there is unregulated population movement across the border. The study was conducted at sites in Jhapa District, Nepal and Darjeeling District, India. The study was conducted from August 2003 to February 2004, following the WHO 28 day treatment protocol. The efficacy of chloroquine was tested in India among 91 subjects and of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Nepal among 107 subjects with laboratory-confirmed Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Of the 102 subjects who completed the study in Nepal, there were 21 (20.6%) treatment failures comprising 7 (6.9%) early treatment failures (ETF) and 14 (14.7%) late treatment failures (LTF) (5 late clinical failures [LCF] and 9 late parasitological failures [LPF]). Of the 89 subjects who completed the study in India, there were 46 (51.7%) treatment failures comprising 7 (7.9%) ETFs and 39 (43.8%) LTFs (13 LCFs and 26 LPFs). Based on WHO guidelines both countries need to review their drug policy urgently and make appropriate changes, taking into account aspects of cross-border collaboration in the control of drug-resistant malaria. © 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. C1 USAID, EHP, Kathmandu, Nepal. Dept Hlth Serv, Management Div, Kathmandu, Nepal. ICMR, Malaria Res Ctr, New Delhi, India. Minist Hlth, Vector Borne Dis Res & Training Ctr, Hetauda, Nepal. Environm Hlth Project, Kathmandu, Nepal. Dept Hlth Serv, Epidemiol & Dis Control Div, Kathmandu, Nepal. RP Wijeyaratne, PM (reprint author), 19 Skelton Gardens, Colombo 5, Sri Lanka. EM pandu_wij@yahoo.com RI Valecha, Neena /B-9830-2011; Adak, Tridibes/C-2501-2011 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 99 IS 6 BP 423 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.09.011 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 925XU UT WOS:000229087700004 PM 15837354 ER PT J AU Boulahya, M Cerda, MS Pratt, M Sponberg, K AF Boulahya, M Cerda, MS Pratt, M Sponberg, K TI Climate, communications, and innovative technologies: Potential impacts and sustainability of new radio and internet linkages in rural african communities SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Reductin Vulnerability of Agriculture and Forestry to Climate Variability and Climate Change CY OCT 00, 2002-MAY 30, 2003 CL Ljubljana, SLOVENIA SP WMO, Asia Pacific Network Global Change Res, Canadian Int Dev Agcy, Ctr Techn Cooperat Agricole & Rurale, CTA, Environm Agcy Republic Slovenia, Republic Slovenia, Minist Agr, Forestry & Food, Republic Slovenia, Minist Environm, Spatial Planning & Energy, FAO, Fondazione Meterorologia Applicata, Lab Meteorol & Climatol, USDA, UNEP, UCEA C1 African Ctr Meteorol Applicat Dev, Niamey, Niger. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USAID, Washington, DC USA. NOAA, Climate Informat Project, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Boulahya, M (reprint author), African Ctr Meteorol Applicat Dev, Niamey, Niger. EM kelly.sponberg@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAY PY 2005 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 299 EP 310 DI 10.1007/s10584-005-5639-3 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 942EG UT WOS:000230265100015 ER PT J AU Lancaster, C AF Lancaster, C TI Development in Africa: The good, the bad, the ugly SO CURRENT HISTORY LA English DT Article C1 Georgetown Univ, Foreign Serv, Washington, DC 20057 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Lancaster, C (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Foreign Serv, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CURRENT HIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 4225 MAIN ST PO BOX 4647, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19127 USA SN 0011-3530 J9 CURR HIST JI Curr. Hist. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 104 IS 682 BP 222 EP 227 PG 6 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 921BJ UT WOS:000228738900005 ER PT J AU Norton, M AF Norton, M TI New evidence on birth spacing: promising findings for improving newborn, infant, child, and maternal health SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE birth spacing; infant; mother; newborn; child; abortion; low birth weight; pre-term birth; mortality; morbidity; family planning ID INTERPREGNANCY INTERVAL; PERINATAL OUTCOMES; PREGNANCIES AB This editorial summarizes new evidence, some of which is published in this supplement, on birth spacing and newborn, infant, child and maternal health, as well as the demand for birth spacing services in the developing world. The article points to the high number of annual infant, child and maternal deaths, low birth weight infants and malnourished infants and children in developing countries. It highlights several new findings on birth spacing relevant to these conditions: - for infants and children under five years of age, births spaced at least 36 months apart are associated with the lowest mortality risk; - birth to conception intervals of less than 6 months, as well as abortion-pregnancy intervals of less than 6 months, are associated with increased risk of pre-term births, low birth weight and small for gestational age; - birth to conception intervals of less than 6 months are associated with increased risk of maternal mortality and morbidity. It argues that, in light of the new evidence, birth spacing is an important, feasible and practical intervention to address these conditions and should be included in developing country health programs. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Norton, M (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Bur Global Hlth, Ronald Reagan Bldg,Rm 3-6,1300 Pennsylvania Ave N, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM mnorton@usaid.gov NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0020-7292 J9 INT J GYNECOL OBSTET JI Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. PD APR PY 2005 VL 89 SU 1 BP S1 EP S6 DI 10.1016/j.ijgo.2004.12.012 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 928EC UT WOS:000229252900001 PM 15820364 ER PT J AU Marchione, TJ AF Marchione, TJ TI Interactions with the recipient community in targeted food and nutrition programs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Challenges in Targeting Nutrition Programs CY APR 20, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci DE community; targeting; governance; nutrition; food aid AB This article explores the relation between targeted nutrition and food assistance programs and the recipient communities. The author begins by suggesting that the renewed current emphasis on targeting has resulted from the high cost of universal entitlements in poor countries and from the need to increase the food security and resilience of the poor in these countries. They stress the fundamental human right of communities to have involvement in all steps of program targeting as elemental to good democratic governance. Next, the article reviews the issues surrounding different levels of community involvement in the components of program targeting, namely needs assessment, definition and implementation of eligibility criteria, delivery of services and benefits, and monitoring and evaluation of results. Four types of targeting eligibility are described: self-targeting, means tested, categorical, and community based. It is noted that the type and the level of engagement of programs with communities depends on whose concept of community welfare is being pursued (the development summit's or the community's), and on how broadly nutrition improvement is defined. Examples are used to illustrate the potentially severe consequences of ignoring community governance and social structures in the targeting of programs. A framework is then presented with important variables to consider when planning a targeted program: state governance contexts, the nature of the local community's institutions of governance, the ratio of the need to the available benefit, and the stability of the context. Finally, the article presents recommendations for filling in the large research gaps on this topic. C1 United State Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Marchione, TJ (reprint author), United State Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20002 USA. EM TMarchione@usaid.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2005 VL 135 IS 4 BP 886 EP 889 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 913KD UT WOS:000228149500038 PM 15795453 ER PT J AU Halperin, DT Fritz, K Mcfarland, W Woelk, G AF Halperin, DT Fritz, K Mcfarland, W Woelk, G TI Acceptability of adult male circumcision for sexually transmitted disease and HIV prevention in Zimbabwe SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; SEROPREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION; AFRICA; WOMEN; MEN C1 US Agcy Int Dev, So Afr Reg HIV AIDS Program, Off HIV AIDS, Mbabane, Swaziland. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Zimbabwe, Dept Community Med, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Halperin, DT (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, So Afr Reg HIV AIDS Program, Off HIV AIDS, Mbabane, Swaziland. EM dhalperin@usaid.gov NR 22 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2005 VL 32 IS 4 BP 238 EP 239 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000149782.47456.5b PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 910FB UT WOS:000227914800006 PM 15788922 ER PT J AU Heppner, DG Kester, KE Ockenhouse, CF Tornieporth, N Ofori, O Lyon, JA Stewart, VA Dubois, P Lanar, DE Krzych, U Moris, P Angov, E Cummings, JF Leach, A Hall, BT Dutta, S Schwenk, R Hillier, C Barbosa, A Ware, LA Nair, L Darko, CA Withers, MR Ogutu, B Polhemus, ME Fukuda, M Pichyangkul, A Gettyacamin, M Garcon, N Tucker, K Wittes, J Plowe, CV Thera, MA Duombo, OK Pau, MG Goudsmit, J Ballou, WR Cohen, J AF Heppner, DG Kester, KE Ockenhouse, CF Tornieporth, N Ofori, O Lyon, JA Stewart, VA Dubois, P Lanar, DE Krzych, U Moris, P Angov, E Cummings, JF Leach, A Hall, BT Dutta, S Schwenk, R Hillier, C Barbosa, A Ware, LA Nair, L Darko, CA Withers, MR Ogutu, B Polhemus, ME Fukuda, M Pichyangkul, A Gettyacamin, M Garcon, N Tucker, K Wittes, J Plowe, CV Thera, MA Duombo, OK Pau, MG Goudsmit, J Ballou, WR Cohen, J TI Towards an RTS,S-based, multi-stage, multi-antigen falciparum malaria: progress at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Congress on Vaccines and Immunisation (WCVI) CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2004 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Infect Control World Org, Minist Hlth, Labour Welfare, Minist Educ, Sci & Technol ID APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; B SURFACE-ANTIGEN; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN VACCINE; BLOOD-STAGE MALARIA; C-TERMINAL FRAGMENT; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; RECOMBINANT ADENOVIRUS; SPOROZOITE VACCINE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; T-CELLS AB The goal of the Malaria Vaccine Program at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) is to develop a licensed multi-antigen, multi-stage vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum able to prevent all symptomatic manifestations of malaria by preventing parasitemia. A secondary goal is to limit disease in vaccinees that do develop malaria. Malaria prevention will be achieved by inducing humoral and cellular immunity against the pre-erythrocytic circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and the liver stage antigen-1 (LSA-1). The strategy to limit disease will target immune responses against one or more blood stage antigens, merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) and apical merozoite antigen-1 (AMA-1). The induction of T- and B-cell memory to achieve a sustained vaccine response may additionally require immunization with an adenovirus vector such as adenovirus serotype 35. RTS,S, a CSP-derived antigen developed by GlaxoSmithKIine Biologicals in collaboration with the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research over the past 17 years, is the cornerstone of our program. RTS,S formulated in AS02A (a GSK proprietary formulation) is the only vaccine candidate shown in field trials to prevent malaria and, in one instance, to limit disease severity. Our vaccine development plan requires proof of an individual antigen's efficacy in a Phase 2 laboratory challenge or field trial prior to its integration into an RTS,S-based, multi-antigen vaccine. Progress has been accelerated through extensive partnerships with industrial, academic, governmental, and non-governmental organizations. Recent safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy trials in the US and Africa are presented, as well as plans for the development of a multi-antigen vaccine. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Biol SA, Rixensart, Belgium. USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Kenya Med Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. USA, Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. PATH, Malaria Vaccine Initiat, Bethesda, MD USA. Stat Collaborat Inc, Washington, DC USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Bamako, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. Crucell Holland BV, Leiden, Netherlands. RP Heppner, DG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM donald.heppner@na.amedd.army.mil RI Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011; Lanar, David/B-3560-2011; OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802; Barbosa, Arnoldo/0000-0001-8652-7396 NR 61 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 18 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 17-18 BP 2243 EP 2250 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.042 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 909ZH UT WOS:000227898700042 PM 15755604 ER PT J AU Burkle, FM AF Burkle, FM TI Anatomy of an ambush: Security risks facing international humanitarian assistance SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE aid; complex emergency; humanitarian assistance; security management; security training; situational awareness ID HEALTH AB The 2003 war with Iraq has generated security concerns that present unique challenges to the practice of providing international humanitarian assistance during war and conflict. Objective research studies on security management are lacking. However, case studies have proven to be an important education and training tool to advance situational awareness of security risks. These challenges are illustrated by an analysis of the events surrounding the first ambush of, and assassination attempt on, a senior US aid official in Baghdad. Before deployment to conflict areas, especially those characterised by insurgent activity, humanitarian providers must realistically assess the threats to life and to the mission. They must obtain pre-deployment situational awareness education, security training and optimal protective equipment and vehicles. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Burkle, FM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 2005 VL 29 IS 1 BP 26 EP 37 DI 10.1111/j.0361-3666.2005.00272.x PG 12 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 899HG UT WOS:000227134900002 PM 15720379 ER PT J AU Gipson, R El Mohandes, A Campbell, O Issa, AH Matta, N Mansour, E AF Gipson, R El Mohandes, A Campbell, O Issa, AH Matta, N Mansour, E TI The trend of maternal mortality in Egypt from 1992-2000: An emphasis on regional differences SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE maternal mortality; Egypt; national statistics; Upper Egypt AB Objective: To review factors contributing to a 52% drop in Egypt's maternal mortality ratio (MMR) per 100,000 live births from 174 in 1992-93 to 84 in 2000. Methods: Data on maternal mortality were collected from all 27 governorates in Egypt between 1 January and 31 December 2000. This round of maternal mortality data is compared with the earlier nation wide maternal mortality study in 1992. Health care interventions that may account for the decrease were reviewed. Results: MMR decreased by 51.7% nation wide. This decrease was greater in the less-developed parts of Upper Egypt (59%), than in Lower Egypt (30%). A multifaceted set of interventions were concentrated in Upper Egypt. The greatest decrease in maternal mortality was associated with the area of highest intervention, greatest need, and during the time period of the implementation of this program. There were increases in use of health services; use of modern contraceptives; hospital deliveries; and use of trained birth attendants. For most indicators, the changes were greater in Upper than Lower Egypt. Conclusion: Since 1992-93, efforts by the Government of Egypt and donors to improve access to and the quality and utilization of services can be linked to a greatly reduced MMR. C1 John Snow Inc, Natl Maternal Mortal Study, Cairo, Egypt. George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Dept Prevent & Community Hlth, Washington, DC USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Dept Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. USAID, Healthy Mother Healthy Child Project, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Hlth & Populat, Integrated Hlth Care, Cairo, Egypt. RP El Mohandes, A (reprint author), John Snow Inc, Natl Maternal Mortal Study, Cairo, Egypt. EM sphaxe@gwumc.edu NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 9 IS 1 BP 71 EP 82 DI 10.1007/s10995-005-3348-1 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 918UM UT WOS:000228573100009 PM 15880976 ER PT J AU Laserson, KF Binkin, NJ Thorpe, LE Laing, R Iademarco, MF Bloom, A Agerton, TB Nelson, L Cegielski, JP Ferroussier, O Holtz, T Vitek, E Gammino, V Tan, K Finlay, A Dewan, P Miranda, A Aquino, G Weyer, K Sy, DN Vernon, A Becerra, J Ershova, J Wells, CD AF Laserson, KF Binkin, NJ Thorpe, LE Laing, R Iademarco, MF Bloom, A Agerton, TB Nelson, L Cegielski, JP Ferroussier, O Holtz, T Vitek, E Gammino, V Tan, K Finlay, A Dewan, P Miranda, A Aquino, G Weyer, K Sy, DN Vernon, A Becerra, J Ershova, J Wells, CD TI Capacity building for international tuberculosis control through operations research training SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE operations research; tuberculosis; training; capacity building; epidemiology ID INTEGRATION AB SETTING: In resource-poor countries, few tuberculosis (TB) program staff at the national, provincial, and even district levels have the basic analytical and epidemiological skills necessary for collecting and analyzing quality data pertaining to national TB control program (NTP) improvements. This includes setting program priorities, operations planning, and implementing and evaluating program activities. OBJECTIVES: To present a model course for building capacity in basic epidemiology and operations research (OR). DESIGN: A combination of didactic lectures and applied field exercises were used to achieve the main objectives of the 6-day OR course. These were to increase the understanding of quantitative and qualitative research concepts, study design, and analytic methods, and to increase awareness of how these methods apply to the epidemiology and control of TB; and to demonstrate the potential uses of OR in answering practical questions on NTP effectiveness. As a final outcome, course participants develop OR proposals that are funded and later implemented. RESULTS: Since 1997, this OR course has been conducted nine times in five countries; 149 key NTP and laboratory staff have been trained in OR methods, and 44 OR protocols have been completed or are underway. CONCLUSION: This low-cost model course can be adapted to a wide range of public health issues. C1 CDCP, Div TB Eliminat, Int Res & Programs Branch, Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ist Super Sanita, Ctr Nazl Epidemiol, Rome, Italy. Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. US Dept State, US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20520 USA. CDC, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. S African Med Council, Unit TB Operat & Policy Res, Pretoria, South Africa. Minist Hlth, Natl Hosp TB & Resp Dis, Hanoi, Vietnam. CDC, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wells, CD (reprint author), CDCP, Div TB Eliminat, Int Res & Programs Branch, Dept HHS, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cwells@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 9 IS 2 BP 145 EP 150 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 896WC UT WOS:000226963900006 PM 15732732 ER PT J AU Kieffer, MP AF Kieffer, MP TI Mortality of infants born to HIV-infected mothers in Africa SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY C1 USAID, REDSO, ESA, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Kieffer, MP (reprint author), USAID, REDSO, ESA, POB 30261, Nairobi, Kenya. EM mkieffer@usaid.gov RI Greiner, Ted/O-4301-2015 OI Greiner, Ted/0000-0001-8711-768X NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 14 PY 2005 VL 365 IS 9454 BP 120 EP 121 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17697-1 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 885PZ UT WOS:000226170700022 PM 15639288 ER PT J AU Kilian, A Byamukama, W Pigeon, O Atieli, F Rubaale, T AF Kilian, A. Byamukama, W. Pigeon, O. Atieli, F. Rubaale, T. TI Field performance of the improved, second generation PermaNet (R), a polyester based long-lasting insecticidal mosquito net [MIM-AK-20898] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAID, Kampala, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control, Kampala, Uganda. Kabarole Dist Hlth Serv, Ft Portal, Uganda. Agr Res Ctr, Gembloux, Belgium. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. GTZ Basic Hlth Serv, Ft Portal, Uganda. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S493 EP S494 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600797 ER PT J AU Kilian, A Bell, A Meek, S Root, G Mubiru, J Komakech, J Collins, A AF Kilian, A. Bell, A. Meek, S. Root, G. Mubiru, J. Komakech, J. Collins, A. TI Retention and use of free insecticide-treated nets by pregnant women in the displaced communities in northern Uganda [MIM-GR-402428] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAID, Kampala, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control, Kampala, Uganda. Malaria Consortium E, Kampala, Uganda. So Africa Off, Kampala, Uganda. Malaria Consortium, London, England. Dist Hlth Serv, Kitgum, Uganda. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S121 EP S122 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600187 ER PT J AU Thera, M Doumbo, O Coulibaly, D Diallo, D Sagara, I Heppner, G Soisson, L Leach, A Lyke, K Plowe, C AF Thera, M. Doumbo, O. Coulibaly, D. Diallo, D. Sagara, I. Heppner, G. Soisson, L. Leach, A. Lyke, K. Plowe, C. TI Safety and immunogenicity of the WRAIR and GSK biologicals' malaria vaccine candidate AMA-1/AS02A versus rabies vaccine in adults in Bandiagara, Mali [MIM-MT-9315] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Bamako, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. USAID, Washington, DC USA. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S85 EP S85 PG 1 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600129 ER PT S AU Smith, K AF Smith, Kevin BE Fratkin, E Roth, EA TI From Milk to Maize The Transition to Agriculture for Rendille and Ariaal Pastoralists SO AS PASTORALISTS SETTLE: SOCIAL, HEALTH, AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF PASTORAL SEDENTARIZATION IN MARSABIT DISTRICT, KENYA SE Studies in Human Ecology and Adaptation LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTHERN KENYA; SEDENTARIZATION; DROUGHT C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Smith, K (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Nairobi, Kenya. EM kevsmith@usaid.gov NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1574-0501 BN 978-0-306-48595-4 J9 STUD HUM ECOL ADAPT PY 2005 VL 1 BP 137 EP 153 PG 17 WC Anthropology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sociology SC Anthropology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sociology GA BLB15 UT WOS:000269815100008 ER PT S AU Fratkin, E Smith, K AF Fratkin, Elliot Smith, Kevin BE Fratkin, E Roth, EA TI Women's Changing Economic Roles with Pastoral Sedentarization Varying Strategies in Alternate Rendille Communities SO AS PASTORALISTS SETTLE: SOCIAL, HEALTH, AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF PASTORAL SEDENTARIZATION IN MARSABIT DISTRICT, KENYA SE Studies in Human Ecology and Adaptation LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTHERN KENYA; DROUGHT; DISTRICT; ARIAAL C1 [Fratkin, Elliot] Smith Coll, Dept Anthropol, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. [Smith, Kevin] US Agcy Int Dev, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Fratkin, E (reprint author), Smith Coll, Dept Anthropol, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. EM efratkin@smith.edu; kevsmith@usaid.gov; efratkin@smith.edu NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1574-0501 BN 978-0-306-48595-4 J9 STUD HUM ECOL ADAPT PY 2005 VL 1 BP 155 EP 171 PG 17 WC Anthropology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sociology SC Anthropology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sociology GA BLB15 UT WOS:000269815100009 ER PT B AU Maxwell, D AF Maxwell, Dayton BE Woodcock, A Rose, G TI Are we reaching the threshold to overcome the obstacles for effective CIV-MIL cooperation toward mission achievement? SO Cornwallis Group IX: Analysis for Stabilization and Counter-Terrorist Operations SE Cornwallis Group Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual Meeting of the Cornwallis-Group CY MAY 30-JUN 04, 2004 CL Stadtschlaining, AUSTRIA SP Cornwallis Grp C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN PEACEKEEPING PRESS PI CLEMENTSPORT PA CORNWALLIS PK, POB 100, CLEMENTSPORT, NS B0S 1E0, CANADA BN 1-896551-59-9 J9 CORNWALLIS GROUP SER PY 2005 VL 9 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BFM56 UT WOS:000243087300003 ER PT J AU Young, RA AF Young, R. A. BE Brouwer, R David Pearce, OBE TI Economic criteria for water allocation and valuation SO COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUPPLY RELIABILITY C1 [Young, R. A.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Young, R. A.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Young, RA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84376-359-8 PY 2005 BP 13 EP 45 PG 33 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Water Resources SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BRY26 UT WOS:000283865500002 ER PT J AU Wolf, AT AF Wolf, Aaron T. BE Kenney, DS TI Transboundary water conflicts and cooperation SO IN SEARCH OF SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT: INTERNATIONAL LESSONS FOR THE AMERICAN WEST AND BEYOND LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNITED-STATES C1 [Wolf, Aaron T.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wolf, Aaron T.] US Dept State, Washington, DC USA. [Wolf, Aaron T.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Wolf, Aaron T.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. RP Wolf, AT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84376-944-6 PY 2005 BP 131 EP 154 PG 24 WC Environmental Studies; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BRY03 UT WOS:000283860900006 ER PT J AU Darko, CA Angov, E Collins, WE Bergmann-Leitner, ES Girouard, AS Hitt, SL McBride, JS Diggs, CL Holder, AA Long, CA Barnwell, JW Lyon, JA AF Darko, CA Angov, E Collins, WE Bergmann-Leitner, ES Girouard, AS Hitt, SL McBride, JS Diggs, CL Holder, AA Long, CA Barnwell, JW Lyon, JA TI The clinical-grade 42-kilodalton fragment of merozoite surface protein 1 of Plasmodium falciparum strain FVO expressed in Escherichia coli protects Aotus nancymai against challenge with homologous erythrocytic-stage parasites SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID C-TERMINAL FRAGMENT; MALARIA VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; IN-VITRO; CRITICAL PATH; MONKEYS; INVASION; INHIBIT; GROWTH; IMMUNIZATION AB A 42-kDa fragment from the C terminus of major merozoite surface protein 1 (MSPI) is among the leading malaria vaccine candidates that target infection by asexual erythrocytic-stage malaria parasites. The MSP1(42) gene fragment from the Vietnam-Oak Knoll (FVO) strain of Plasmodium falciparum was expressed as a soluble protein in Escherichia coli and purified according to good manufacturing practices. This clinical-grade recombinant protein retained some important elements of correct structure, as it was reactive with several functional, conformation-dependent monoclonal antibodies raised against P. falciparum malaria parasites, it induced antibodies (Abs) that were reactive to parasites in immunofluorescent Ab tests, and it induced strong growth and invasion inhibitory antisera in New Zealand White rabbits. The antigen quality was further evaluated by vaccinating Aotus naneymai monkeys and challenging them with homologous P. falciparum FVO erythrocytic-stage malaria parasites. The trial included two control groups, one vaccinated with the sexual-stage-specific antigen of Plasmodium vivax, Pvs25, as a negative control, and the other vaccinated with baculovirus-expressed MSPI,, (FVO) as a positive control. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Ab titers induced by E. coli MSP1(42) were significantly higher than those induced by the baculovirus-expressed antigen. None of the six monkeys that were vaccinated with the E. coli MSPI,, antigen required treatment for uncontrolled parasitemia, but two required treatment for anemia. Protective immunity in these monkeys correlated with the ELISA Ab titer against the p19 fragment and the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain 2 fragment of MSP1(42), but not the MSP1(42) protein itself or the EGF-like domain 1 fragment. Soluble MSP1(42) (FVO) expressed in E. coli offers excellent promise as a component of a vaccine against erythrocytic-stage falciparum malaria. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Unit, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA USA. US Agcy Int Dev, USAID Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. Natl Inst Med Res, Div Parasitol, London NW7 1AA, England. RP Angov, E (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Evelina.angov@na.amedd.army.mil RI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/B-3548-2011; Holder, Anthony/A-7554-2013 OI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/0000-0002-8571-8956; Holder, Anthony/0000-0002-8490-6058 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U117532067]; NIAID NIH HHS [YIAI-0438-03]; NIDCD NIH HHS [CDC C100-042] NR 41 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 73 IS 1 BP 287 EP 297 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.1.287-297.2004 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 883TD UT WOS:000226037700029 PM 15618165 ER PT J AU Geo-Jaja, MA AF Geo-Jaja, Macleans A. BE Zajda, J TI GLOBALISATION, EDUCATION REFORMS AND POLICY CHANGE IN AFRICA: THE CASE OF NIGERIA SO INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK ON GLOBALISATION, EDUCATION AND POLICY RESEARCH: GLOBAL PEDAGOGIES AND POLICIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INVESTMENT C1 [Geo-Jaja, Macleans A.] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Geo-Jaja, Macleans A.] USAID, Yerevan, Armenia. RP Geo-Jaja, MA (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-2828-1 PY 2005 BP 517 EP 536 DI 10.1007/1-4020-2960-8_32 D2 10.1007/1-4020-2960-8 PG 20 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BKP43 UT WOS:000268876900035 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, JD TI Birth spacing and neonatal mortality SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@USAID.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 365 IS 9457 BP 383 EP 383 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 891WE UT WOS:000226610900018 PM 15680448 ER PT J AU Lowry, K White, A Courtney, C AF Lowry, K White, A Courtney, C TI National and local agency roles in integrated coastal management in the Philippines SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Coastal management in the Philippines has evolved over the last 30 years with a progression towards more integrated forms of management and decentralization of authority to local governments. A framework for assessing key components of decentralization is outlined and applied to Philippine coastal management. Local management is assessed in terms of legal authority to engage in effective management, capacity to manage effectively and the availability of resources for management. The political commitment of local officials, the availability and use of inter-governmental coordination mechanisms and means for assuring accountability are also examined. The assessment indicates that much has been accomplished in building a framework for effective local coastal management, but much remains to be done. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Tetra Tech EM Inc, Fisheries Improved Sustainable Harvest Project, US Agcy Int Dev, Cebu, Philippines. Tetra Tech EM Inc, Honolulu, HI 96819 USA. RP Lowry, K (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, Saunders 107, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM lowry@hawaii.edu; awhite@mozcom.com NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3-6 BP 314 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2005.04.008 PG 22 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 948WE UT WOS:000230745600007 ER PT B AU Dziedzic, MJ Kishinchand, S AF Dziedzic, Michael J. Kishinchand, Sasha BE Covey, J Dziedzic, MJ Hawley, LR TI The Historical Context of Conflict in Kosovo SO QUEST FOR VIABLE PEACE: INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION AND STRATEGIES FOR CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dziedzic, Michael J.] US Inst Peace, Res & Studies Program, Washington, DC USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] USAF, Natl Def Univ, Inst Natl Strateg Studies, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] Pentagon, Arlington, VA USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] USAF Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kishinchand, Sasha] USAID, Monitoring & Evaluat Program, Washington, DC USA. [Kishinchand, Sasha] Assoc US Army, CSIS AUSA Project Postconflict Reconstruct, Arlington, VA USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] USAF, Peace Operat Team, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] UNMIK, Pristina, Kosova, Serbia. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] UNMIKs Stand Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosova, Serbia. RP Dziedzic, MJ (reprint author), Int Inst Strateg Studies, London, England. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US INST PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 978-1-929223-67-1 PY 2005 BP 23 EP 36 PG 14 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BWA86 UT WOS:000293324600002 ER PT B AU Powers, LE AF Powers, Laura E. BE Miller, RJ Brubaker, BH Peterson, JC TI Biotechnology through the lens of public policy SO Viewing New Creations with Anabaptist Eyes: Ethics of Biotechnology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ethics of Biotechnology - Viewing New Creations with Anabaptist Eyes CY NOV, 2003 CL Eastern Mennonite Univ, Harrisonburg, VA HO Eastern Mennonite Univ C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Off US Foreign Disaster Assistance, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CASCADIA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI TELFORD PA 126 KLINGERMAN RD, TELFORD, PA 18969 USA BN 978-1-931038-32-4 PY 2005 BP 185 EP 186 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Ethics; Medical Ethics; Religion SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Medical Ethics; Religion GA BGL32 UT WOS:000248149300015 ER PT J AU Hendrix, SE AF Hendrix, SE TI Restructuring legal education in Guatemala: A model for law school reform in Latin America SO JOURNAL OF LEGAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Latin Amer & Caribbean Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Hendrix, SE (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Latin Amer & Caribbean Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J LEGAL EDUCATION PI CLEVELAND PA CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV SCHOOL OF LAW 11075 EAST BOULEVARD, CLEVELAND, OH 44106-7148 USA SN 0022-2208 J9 J LEGAL EDUC JI J. Legal Educ. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 4 BP 597 EP 608 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Law SC Education & Educational Research; Government & Law GA 905PD UT WOS:000227580400011 ER PT J AU Namanda, S Olanya, OM Adipala, E Hakiza, JJ El-Bedewy, R Baghsari, AS Ewell, P AF Namanda, S Olanya, OM Adipala, E Hakiza, JJ El-Bedewy, R Baghsari, AS Ewell, P TI Fungicide application and host-resistance for potato late blight management: benefits assessment from on-farm studies in SW Uganda SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE mancozeb dithane M45; fungicide application; host resistance; IPM; late blight; economic returns; Uganda ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS AB Late blight caused by Phvtophthora infestans, is one of the most significant constraints to potato production in Uganda and other regions of the world. Fungicides and host plant resistance are among the most efficient control options available to growers. Field trials were conducted in 1999 and 2000 in South-western Uganda to evaluate the cost effectiveness of fungicide application regimes on six potato varieties. A factorial experiment with five fungicide application intervals (weekly, fortnightly, IPM, no spray and farmers' practice) and six potato varieties was established. Late blight infection was prevalent in both years, and a significant amount of disease was detected (P<0.05). Application of fungicide treatments considerably reduced late blight progress, with a corresponding increase in tuber yield. Based on monitoring of late blight disease occurrence and weather variables, two applications of the contact fungicide mancozeb on a moderately resistant variety was the most economical. Marginal rates of return and net benefits were significantly affected by fungicide applications. In the IPM treatment, late blight disease monitoring or scouting prior to first fungicide applications resulted in significant economic gains compared to scheduled applications of weekly and biweekly or no application (control) treatments. (C) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Int Potato Ctr, CIP, Reg Off Sub Saharan Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. Int Potato Ctr, Soroti, Uganda. Makerere Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Kampala, Uganda. Kawanda Agr Res Inst, Kampala, Uganda. CIP Egypt, Kafr El Zayat, Egypt. Ft Valley State Univ, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. USAID, REDSO, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Olanya, OM (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM modesto@maine.edu NR 21 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1075 EP 1083 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2004.03.011 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 857WT UT WOS:000224150800008 ER PT J AU Carroll, D Gardner, P Kay, BA Osterholm, M Ryan, ET AF Carroll, D Gardner, P Kay, BA Osterholm, M Ryan, ET TI Transformation of the developing world: Socioeconomic matrix SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY FEB 29-MAR 03, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Soc Microbiol, Assoc Public Hlth Labs, Council State & Territorial Epidemiologists, WHO C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. WHO, Lyon, France. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM etryan@partners.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2049 EP 2049 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 869PY UT WOS:000224997700039 PM 16010742 ER PT J AU Bartel, P AF Bartel, P TI Soil carbon sequestration and its role in economic development: a donor perspective SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article C1 US Agcy, Int Dev Bur Econ Growth Environm & Trade, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Bartel, P (reprint author), US Agcy, Int Dev Bur Econ Growth Environm & Trade, 1325 G St NW Suite 400, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM pbartel@usaid.gov NR 2 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 59 IS 3 BP 643 EP 644 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.04.003 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 854ND UT WOS:000223909700012 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD Peterson, EA AF Shelton, JD Peterson, EA TI The imperative for family planning in ART in Africa SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANTIRETROVIRAL NUCLEOSIDE; HIV-INFECTION; MATERNAL HIV; PREGNANCY; NEVIRAPINE; THERAPY; MALARIA; MOTHERS; DRUGS C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 364 IS 9449 BP 1916 EP 1918 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17489-8 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 874BX UT WOS:000225327000005 PM 15566991 ER PT J AU Eisenstadt, TA AF Eisenstadt, TA TI Catching the state off guard - Electoral courts, campaign finance, and Mexico's separation of state and ruling party SO PARTY POLITICS LA English DT Article DE electoral institutions; Mexico; party finance AB This article seeks to understand which model of electoral management body (EMB) best regulates campaign finance excesses in a hard case for EMB independence, Mexico's one-party state during democratization (1977-2003). One would expect that the ombudsman model, where the electoral court is more autonomous from the party-state than EMB models in which the executive supervises elections directly or indirectly, would be the strongest regulatory body. However, I report that, contrarily, the indirect executive supervision EMB has rendered much more autonomous, anti-government decisions. The conclusion I draw is that the contexts in which formal institutions operate may be as important as the institutions themselves. Depoliticized electoral justice, even in the hard case of electoral courts in a fraud-marred one-party system, was largely attained, but under the 'ombudsman' institutional model which preceded the electoral courts' formal incorporation into the judicial branch in the mid-1990s. It took informal political conditions - alternation in power and acceptance of this 2000 electoral watershed by the former ruling party-and a related change in the relationship with their nominators, to resume and accelerate the insulation of electoral case law from the magistrates' nominator, the president. The achievement of true electoral court autonomy in Mexico is best evidenced through its monitoring of party finance. C1 American Univ, Dept Govt, Sch Publ Affairs, US Agcy Int Dev,Mexico Elect Project, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Eisenstadt, TA (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Govt, Sch Publ Affairs, US Agcy Int Dev,Mexico Elect Project, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM eisensta@american.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1354-0688 J9 PARTY POLIT JI Party Polit. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 723 EP 745 DI 10.1177/1354068804046915 PG 23 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 870GF UT WOS:000225044900006 ER PT J AU Halperin, DT Post, GL AF Halperin, DT Post, GL TI Global HIV prevalence: the good news might be even better SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Halperin, DT (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM dhalp@worldwidedialup.net NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 18 PY 2004 VL 364 IS 9439 BP 1035 EP 1036 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17054-2 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 855FT UT WOS:000223959300018 PM 15380958 ER PT J AU Solomons, NW Dary, O AF Solomons, NW Dary, O TI In honor of Clive Eric West, who contributed to the advancement of the knowledge of vitamin A and other micronutrients - Obituary notes SO ARCHIVOS LATINOAMERICANOS DE NUTRICION LA Spanish DT Biographical-Item C1 CESSIAM, Guatemala City, Guatemala. USAID, MOST, Arlington, VA USA. RP Solomons, NW (reprint author), CESSIAM, Guatemala City, Guatemala. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARCHIVOS LATINOAMERICANOS NUTRICION PI CARACAS PA APARTADO 62778 CHACAO, AVENIDA FRANCISCO MIRANDA, CARACAS 1060, VENEZUELA SN 0004-0622 J9 ARCH LATINOAM NUTR JI Arch. Latinoam. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 54 IS 3 BP 354 EP 355 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 905LZ UT WOS:000227571100016 ER PT J AU Diggs, C Ewart, S Moree, M AF Diggs, C Ewart, S Moree, M TI Strength in unity SO NATURE LA English DT Article C1 USAID Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Diggs, C (reprint author), USAID Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 19 PY 2004 VL 430 IS 7002 BP 938 EP 939 DI 10.1038/430938a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 847DA UT WOS:000223369800061 PM 15318238 ER PT J AU Ballou, WR Arevalo-Herrera, M Carucci, D Richie, TL Corradin, G Diggs, C Druilhe, P Giersing, BK Saul, A Heppner, DG Kester, KE Lanar, DE Lyon, J Hill, AVS Pan, WQ Cohen, JD AF Ballou, WR Arevalo-Herrera, M Carucci, D Richie, TL Corradin, G Diggs, C Druilhe, P Giersing, BK Saul, A Heppner, DG Kester, KE Lanar, DE Lyon, J Hill, AVS Pan, WQ Cohen, JD TI Update on the clinical development of candidate malaria vaccines SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Multilateral Initiative on Malaria Pan-African Malaria Conference CY NOV 17-22, 2002 CL ARUSHA, TANZANIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Agcy Int Dev, JHPIEGO Corp ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN VACCINE; APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; VIRUS ANKARA; DNA VACCINE; IN-VITRO; IMMUNOGENICITY; EFFICACY AB The recent availability of significantly increased levels of funding for unmet medical needs in the developing world, made available by newly created public-private-partnerships, has proven to be a powerful driver for stimulating clinical development of candidate vaccines for malaria. This new way forward promises to greatly increase the likelihood of bringing a safe and effective vaccine to licensure. The investigators bring together important published and unpublished information that illuminates the status of malaria vaccine development. They focus their comments on those candidate vaccines that are currently in or expected to enter clinical trials in the next 12 months. C1 GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Clin Res & Dev, Emerging Dis, Rixensart, Belgium. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Res & Dev, Rixensart, Belgium. Malaria Vaccine & Drug Testing Ctr, Cali, Colombia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC USA. Inst Pasteur, Paris, France. NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Unit, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Trials, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Oxford, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Oxford, England. Second Mil Med Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Ballou, WR (reprint author), GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Clin Res & Dev, Emerging Dis, 89 Rue Inst, Rixensart, Belgium. EM Ripley.Ballou@gskbio.com RI HILL, Adrian/C-1306-2008; Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011; Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011; Lanar, David/B-3560-2011; Saul, Allan/I-6968-2013 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802; Saul, Allan/0000-0003-0665-4091 NR 36 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 71 IS 2 SU S BP 239 EP 247 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 850LM UT WOS:000223612900033 PM 15331843 ER PT J AU Halperin, DT Epstein, H AF Halperin, DT Epstein, H TI Concurrent sexual partnerships help to explain Africa's high HIV prevalence: implications for prevention SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; CONDOM USE; MALE CIRCUMCISION; INFECTION; AIDS; TRANSMISSION; RISK C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Princeton Univ, Ctr Hlth & Wellbeing, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Halperin, DT (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM dhalp@worldwidedialup.net NR 29 TC 197 Z9 200 U1 3 U2 4 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 3 PY 2004 VL 364 IS 9428 BP 4 EP 6 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16606-3 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 834DX UT WOS:000222392900005 PM 15234834 ER PT J AU Peterson, S Nsungwa-Sabiiti, J Were, W Nsabagasani, X Magumba, G Nambooze, J Mukasa, G AF Peterson, S Nsungwa-Sabiiti, J Were, W Nsabagasani, X Magumba, G Nambooze, J Mukasa, G TI Coping with paediatric referral - Ugandan parents' experience SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID SEVERELY ILL CHILDREN; MANAGEMENT; AFRICA AB Referral of severely ill children to hospital is key in the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI). In rural Uganda, we documented the caretakers' ability to complete referral to hospital from 12 health facilities. Of 227 children, only 63 (28%) had completed referral after 2 weeks, at a median cost of US$8-85 (range 0.40-89.00). Failure to attend hospital resulted from lack of money (139 children, 90%), transport problems (39, 26%), and responsibilities at home (26, 17%). Children with incomplete referral continued treatment at referring health centres (87, 54%) or in the private sector (45, 28%). Our results show that cost of referral must decrease to make paediatric referral realistic. When referral is difficult, more specific IMCI referral criteria should be used and first-level health workers should be empowered to manage severely ill children. C1 Minist Hlth, Child Hlth Div, Kampala, Uganda. Rubaga Hosp, Kampala, Uganda. Makerere Univ, Makerere Inst Social Res, Kampala, Uganda. USAID, UPHOLD Program, Kampala, Uganda. Makerere Univ, Sch Med, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. RP Peterson, S (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. EM stefan.peterson@phs.ki.se NR 5 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 12 PY 2004 VL 363 IS 9425 BP 1955 EP 1956 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16411-8 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 828GW UT WOS:000221962800011 PM 15194257 ER PT J AU Kometter, RF Martinez, M Blundell, AG Gullison, RE Steininger, MK Rice, RE AF Kometter, RF Martinez, M Blundell, AG Gullison, RE Steininger, MK Rice, RE TI Impacts of unsustainable mahogany logging in Bolivia and Peru SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SWIETENIA MACROPHYLLA KING; BIG-LEAF MAHOGANY; REGENERATION; ECOLOGY; POPULATIONS; DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT; FOREST; BRAZIL AB Although bigleaf mahogany [Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae)] is the premier timber species of Latin America, its exploitation is unsustainable because of a pattern of local depletion and shifting supply. We surveyed experts on the status of mahogany in Bolivia and Peru, the world's past and present largest exporters. Bolivia no longer has commercially viable mahogany (trees > 60 cm diameter at breast height) across 79% of its range. In Peru, mahogany's range has shrunk by 50%, and, within a decade, a further 28% will be logged out. Approximately 15% of the mahogany range in these two countries is protected, but low densities and illegal logging mean that this overestimates the extent of mahogany under protection. The international community can support mahogany conservation by funding park management and by encouraging independent verification of the legality of mahogany in trade. Our findings demonstrate that a systematic expert survey can generate reliable and cost-effective information on the status of widespread species of concern and help to inform appropriate management policy. C1 Univ Nacl Agr La Molina, Lima, Peru. Conservat Int, Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci, Ilheus, Brazil. USAID, EGAT Forest Team, Washington, DC USA. Hardner & Gullison Associates, Ladysmith, BC, Canada. RP Kometter, RF (reprint author), Univ Nacl Agr La Molina, Lima, Peru. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 18 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 9 IS 1 AR 12 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 911SN UT WOS:000228025100009 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD Halperin, DT Nantulya, V Potts, M Gayle, HD Holmes, KK AF Shelton, JD Halperin, DT Nantulya, V Potts, M Gayle, HD Holmes, KK TI Partner reduction is crucial for balanced "ABC" approach to FRV prevention SO BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PREVALENCE; BEHAVIORS; UGANDA; POPULATION; INFECTION; ZAMBIA; SEX C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Global Fund AIDS TB & Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA 98102 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr AIDS & Sexually Transmitted Dis, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Halperin, DT (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM dhalp@worldwidedialup.net NR 30 TC 120 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 1 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1756-1833 J9 BMJ-BRIT MED J JI BMJ-British Medical Journal PD APR 10 PY 2004 VL 328 IS 7444 BP 891 EP 893 DI 10.1136/bmj.328.7444.891 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 812XE UT WOS:000220871400026 PM 15073076 ER PT J AU Brownell, RE AF Brownell, RE TI The African state: Reconsiderations SO AFRICAN AFFAIRS LA English DT Book Review C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Brownell, RE (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0001-9909 J9 AFR AFFAIRS JI Afr. Aff. PD APR PY 2004 VL 103 IS 411 BP 316 EP 317 DI 10.1039/afraf/adh034 PG 3 WC Area Studies; Political Science SC Area Studies; Government & Law GA 813FU UT WOS:000220893800017 ER PT J AU Bayoumi, A El-Mohandes, AE Aly, H Gipson, R Matta, N Mansour, E Mohsen, L Shamroukh, TL AF Bayoumi, A El-Mohandes, AE Aly, H Gipson, R Matta, N Mansour, E Mohsen, L Shamroukh, TL TI Introduction of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in neonatal care units(NCUs) in Egypt improves survival of low birth weight (LBW) infants SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 04, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Pediatr Acad Soc C1 Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. John Snow Inc, Cairo, Egypt. US Agcy Int Dev, Cairo, Egypt. George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2004 VL 55 IS 4 SU S MA 324 BP 57A EP 57A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 808TJ UT WOS:000220591100341 ER PT J AU El-Mohandes, AAE Gipson, R Matta, N Mansour, E Mohsen, L Taha, A Magdy, I AF El-Mohandes, AAE Gipson, R Matta, N Mansour, E Mohsen, L Taha, A Magdy, I TI Improved utilization and outcomes in forty neonatal care units in upper Egypt between 1999-2002 SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 George Washington Univ, Sch Publ & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. John Snow Inc, Cairo, Egypt. US Agcy Int Dev, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2004 VL 55 IS 4 SU S MA 1583 BP 278A EP 278A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 808TJ UT WOS:000220591101632 ER PT J AU Nada, K Gipson, R El-Mohandes, AAE Matta, N Mansour, E Mohsen, L Boktor, MM AF Nada, K Gipson, R El-Mohandes, AAE Matta, N Mansour, E Mohsen, L Boktor, MM TI Cost of care analysis in neonatal centers in Egypt SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Sci, Washington, DC USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Hlth & Polulat, Cairo, Egypt. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2004 VL 55 IS 4 SU S MA 1584 BP 278A EP 278A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 808TJ UT WOS:000220591101633 ER PT J AU Richards, KR Stokes, C AF Richards, KR Stokes, C TI A review of forest carbon sequestration cost studies: A dozen years of research SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SEQUESTERING CARBON; ECONOMIC-EVALUATION; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON; AGRICULTURAL LAND; OPTIONS; AFFORESTATION; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS; MEXICO; SECTOR AB Researchers have been analyzing the costs of carbon sequestration for approximately twelve years. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the carbon sequestration cost studies of the past dozen years that have evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the forestry option. Several conclusions emerge. While carbon sequestration cost studies all contain essentially the same components they are not comparable on their face due to the inconsistent use of terms, geographic scope, assumptions, program definitions, and methods. For example, there are at least three distinct definitions for a 'ton of carbon' that in turn lead to significantly different meanings for the metric 'dollars per ton of carbon'. This difference in carbon accounting further complicates comparison of studies. After adjusting for the variation among the studies. it appears that carbon sequestration may play a substantial role in a global greenhouse gas emissions abatement program. In the cost range of 10 to 150 dollars per ton of carbon it may be possible to sequester 250 to 500 million tons per year in the United States, and globally upwards of 2,000 million tons per year, for several decades. However, there are two unresolved issues that may seriously affect the contribution of carbon sequestration to a greenhouse gas mitigation program, and they will likely have counteracting effects. First, the secondary benefits of agricultural land conversion to forests may be as great as the costs. If that is the case, then the unit costs essentially disappear, making carbon sequestration a no-regrets strategy. In the other direction, if leakage is a serious issue at both the national and international levels, as suggested by some studies, then it may occur that governments will expend billions of dollars in subsidies or other forms of incentives, with little or no net gain in carbon, forests or secondary benefits. Preliminary results suggest that market interactions in carbon sequestration program analyses require considerably more attention. This is especially true for interactions between the forest and agricultural land markets and between the wood product sink and the timber markets. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Richards, KR (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, 1315 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM kenricha@indiana.edu NR 49 TC 178 Z9 199 U1 12 U2 52 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2004 VL 63 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 48 DI 10.1023/B:CLIM.0000018503.10080.89 PG 48 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 800BZ UT WOS:000220005200001 ER PT J AU Chebaane, M El-Naser, H Fitch, J Hijazi, A Jabbarin, A AF Chebaane, M El-Naser, H Fitch, J Hijazi, A Jabbarin, A TI Participatory groundwater management in Jordan: Development and analysis of options SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aquifer systems; over-exploitation; management options; participatory management; sustainable pumping AB Groundwater over-exploitation has been on the rise in Jordan. Competing demands have grown in the face of perennial water shortages, a situation which has been exacerbated by drought conditions in the past decade. This paper reports findings of a project in which management options to address over-exploitation were developed for one of Jordan's principal aquifer systems, the Amman-Zarqa Basin. Options for addressing the situation were developed through a participatory approach that involved government officials and various public and private sector interest groups. Particular efforts were made to involve well irrigators, who are likely to be heavily impacted by the changes required to reduce groundwater pumping to a sustainable level. With information obtained from a rapid appraisal survey as well as from interviews with farmers, community groups, government officials, and technical experts, an extensive set of options was identified for evaluation. Based on integrated hydrogeologic, social, and economic analysis, five complementary management options were recommended for implementation. These included the establishment of an Irrigation Advisory Service, buying out farm wells, placing firm limits on well abstraction and irrigated crop areas, exchanging treated wastewater for groundwater, and measures to increase the efficiency of municipal and industrial water use. Various combinations and levels of these options were grouped in scenarios, representing possible implementation strategies. The scenarios were designed to assist decision makers, well owners and other stakeholders in moving gradually towards a sustainable abstraction regime. Social and economic aspects of each option and scenario were analyzed and presented to stakeholders, together with a summary of legal, institutional and environmental ramifications. Combining scientific analysis with a participatory approach in the Amman Zarqa Basin groundwater management was devised as a prototype to be used in the management of other groundwater basins in Jordan. This participatory management approach would also be useful in other parts of the world that are experiencing similar groundwater over-exploitation problems. C1 Dev Alternat Inc, Water Resources Management Practice, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. MWI, Amman 1183, Jordan. Fitch & Marshall Inc, Yakima, WA 98907 USA. USAID, Water Resources & Environm Off, Amman, Jordan. Univ Jordan, Dept Agr, Amman, Jordan. RP Chebaane, M (reprint author), Dev Alternat Inc, Water Resources Management Practice, 7250 Woodmont Ave,Suite 200, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM mohamed_chebaane@dai.com NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 12 IS 1 BP 14 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s10040-003-0313-1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 819GF UT WOS:000221302200003 ER PT J AU Dalrymple, DG AF Dalrymple, DG TI Providing global public goods: Managing globalization SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Off Environm & Sci Policy, Bur Econ Growth Agr & Trade, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Dalrymple, DG (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off Environm & Sci Policy, Bur Econ Growth Agr & Trade, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM ddalrymple@usaid.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 1 BP 77 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.agecon.2003.11.002 PG 3 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 773BQ UT WOS:000188878200007 ER PT J AU Rabindranathan, S AF Rabindranathan, S TI Intergenerational co-residence: Conflict and resolution in familial contexts in India SO ASIAN JOURNAL OF WOMENS STUDIES LA English DT Article DE intergenerational relations; elderly; India; aging women; conflict; family ID ELDERLY PARENTS; ADULT CHILDREN; SUPPORT C1 USAID Funded Project, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Rabindranathan, S (reprint author), USAID Funded Project, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. EM srabindranathan@yahoo.com NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU EWHA WOMANS UNIV PRESS PI SEOUL PA 11-1 DAEHYUN-DONG, SEODAEMUN-GU, SEOUL 120-750, SOUTH KOREA SN 1225-9276 J9 ASIAN J WOMEN STUD JI Asian J. Women Stud. PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 BP 58 EP 78 PG 21 WC Women's Studies SC Women's Studies GA 885RY UT WOS:000226175800003 ER PT J AU Kahn, S AF Kahn, S TI Irwin Hornstein - In memoriam SO FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USAID, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Kahn, S (reprint author), USAID, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 8755-9129 J9 FOOD REV INT JI Food Rev. Int. PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP V EP VI DI 10.1081/LFRI-200029416 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 860FQ UT WOS:000224328300001 ER PT J AU Rohwedder, R AF Rohwedder, Rocky BE Corcoran, PB Wals, AEJ TI THE PEDAGOGY OF PLACE: THE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY CENTER AT SONOMA STATE UNIVERSITY SO HIGHER EDUCATION AND THE CHALLENGE OF SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rohwedder, Rocky] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Environm Studies & Planning, Environm Technol Ctr, Rohnert Pk, CA USA. [Rohwedder, Rocky] World Resources Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Rohwedder, Rocky] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Rohwedder, R (reprint author), Sonoma State Univ, Dept Environm Studies & Planning, Environm Technol Ctr, Rohnert Pk, CA USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-306-48515-2 PY 2004 BP 293 EP 304 DI 10.1007/0-306-48515-X_23 D2 10.1007/0-306-48515-X PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Social Issues SC Education & Educational Research; Social Issues GA BKI26 UT WOS:000268182200025 ER PT B AU Natsios, AS AF Natsios, AS BE Gonzalez, ED Lindskoog, GO TI Appendix: Humanitarian assistance during a democratic transition in Cuba SO Humanitarian Aid for a Democratic Transition in Cuba, Seminar Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Seminar on Humanitarian Aid for a Democratic Transition in Cuba CY JAN 16, 2004 CL Washington, DC C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV MIAMI PI CORAL GABLES PA CORAL GABLES, FL 33134 USA BN 1-932385-13-4 PY 2004 BP 102 EP 113 PG 12 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BDU28 UT WOS:000235366400009 ER PT J AU Hopkins, OS Lauria, DT Kolb, A AF Hopkins, OS Lauria, DT Kolb, A TI Demand-based planning of rural water systems in developing countries SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID LOCATION; FACILITIES; AREAS AB In the past decade, international donors and governments have generally required water supply systems to be financially self-sufficient, with stakeholder participation in their planning and operation to ensure sustainability. Efforts are being made to shift planning from a process that tends to be dominated by governments to one with more involvement of water users. This paper integrates two tools for strengthening demand-based planning. On one hand, contingent valuation (CV) surveys can be used to determine the preferences of households for improved water facilities and the amounts they are willing to pay for them, and on the other, mathematical models built around CV survey results can be used to identify and screen alternatives to meet the objectives of improved water supply. This paper reports a CV study conducted in Rwanda in 2000 and shows how the findings can be embedded in optimization models that can be used by stakeholders for addressing the key planning questions. The models are applied to a test case in Rwanda; the approach, however, is general and is expected to have wide application. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, EGAT, EIT, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Hopkins, OS (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, EGAT, EIT, RRB 3-8-36B,1300 Penn Av NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM ohopkins@usaid.gov; dlauria@unc.edu; akolb@alum.mit.edu NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 130 IS 1 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2004)130:1(44) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 761XV UT WOS:000187941500006 ER PT S AU Corkran, M Hoffpauir, R Britton, B Vardanyan, M Narimanyan, V Harutunyan, L Hall, MW AF Corkran, M Hoffpauir, R Britton, B Vardanyan, M Narimanyan, V Harutunyan, L Hall, MW BE Brebbia, CA TI MIS systems in Armenian water resources management: a case study SO MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2004: GIS AND REMOTE SENSING SE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Management Information Systems (MIS) CY SEP 13-15, 2004 CL Malaga, SPAIN SP Wess DE water resources management; Armenian public policy; water cadastre; spatial database; GIS AB The Water Code of the Republic of Armenia mandates the collection and storage of a broad range of data related to water resources and requires that these data be stored in a MIS designated as the State Water Cadastre. By regulation, the Cadastre will consist of hydrological, meteorological and water quality data, ground water data, and data on water extraction, water use and water systems. The Cadastre will be the legal repository for water use permits and registration of water control structures. The Cadastre will include a spatial database and GIS. Current work is proceeding with review and analysis of the data available for inclusion in the State Water Cadastre and will result in recommendations for digitizing those data. A review of the computer network systems planned for managing the Water Cadastre is underway, and policy issues affecting development and proper operation of the Cadastre are being identified and addressed. Specific recommendations for priorities in development of the Cadastre will be made. It is estimated that a functional Water Cadastre framework could be created within a period of approximately three to five months. C1 USAID, Yerevan, Armenia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1470-6326 BN 1-85312-728-0 J9 MANAG INFORMAT SYST PY 2004 VL 8 BP 91 EP 101 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BBP83 UT WOS:000226967500010 ER PT S AU McGibbon, R AF McGibbon, Rodd TI Plural Society in Peril: Migration, Economic Change, and the Papua Conflict SO PLURAL SOCIETY IN PERIL: MIGRATION, ECONOMIC CHANGE, AND THE PAPUA CONFLICT SE Policy Studies LA English DT Article; Book C1 USAID, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP McGibbon, R (reprint author), USAID, Jakarta, Indonesia. EM roddmcgibbon@hotmail.com NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU EAST-WEST CENTER PI HONOLULU PA 1601 EAST-WEST ROAD, HONOLULU, HI 96848-1601 USA SN 1547-1330 BN 978-1-932728-24-8 J9 POL STUD PY 2004 VL 13 BP 1 EP + PG 64 WC Ethnic Studies; Planning & Development SC Ethnic Studies; Public Administration GA BRN50 UT WOS:000283158800001 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD Fuchs, N AF Shelton, JD Fuchs, N TI Opportunities and pitfalls in integration of family planning and HIV prevention efforts in developing countries SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; BEHAVIOR; UGANDA; DISEASES; TRIAL C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 119 IS 1 BP 12 EP 15 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 855FF UT WOS:000223957900004 PM 15147642 ER PT S AU McGibbon, R AF McGibbon, Rodd TI Secessionist Challenges in Aceh and Papua: Is Special Autonomy the Solution SO SECESSIONIST CHALLENGES IN ACEH AND PAPUA: IS SPECIAL AUTONOMY THE SOLUTION SE Policy Studies LA English DT Article; Book C1 USAID, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP McGibbon, R (reprint author), USAID, Jakarta, Indonesia. EM roddmcgibbon@hotmail.com NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU EAST-WEST CENTER PI HONOLULU PA 1601 EAST-WEST ROAD, HONOLULU, HI 96848-1601 USA SN 1547-1330 BN 978-1-932728-19-4 J9 POL STUD PY 2004 VL 10 BP 1 EP + PG 102 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BQB64 UT WOS:000280584600001 ER PT J AU Blundell, AG AF Blundell, AG TI Recent trends in USAID forest funding SO INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAID Forest Team, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Blundell, AG (reprint author), USAID Forest Team, 3426 16th NW 308, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM art.blundell@alum.dartmouth.org NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMMONWEALTH FORESTRY ASSN PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 142, OXFORD OX26 6ZJ, BICESTER, ENGLAND SN 1465-5489 J9 INT FOREST REV JI Int. For. Rev. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 384 EP 386 DI 10.1505/IFOR.5.4.384.22658 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 763BJ UT WOS:000188049400009 ER PT J AU Schulte, PA Okun, A Stephenson, CM Colligan, M Ahlers, H Gjessing, C Loos, G Niemeier, RW Sweeney, MH AF Schulte, PA Okun, A Stephenson, CM Colligan, M Ahlers, H Gjessing, C Loos, G Niemeier, RW Sweeney, MH TI Information dissemination and use: Critical components in occupational safety and health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE information; training; regulation; research; dissemination ID EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; RIGHT-TO-KNOW; INTERVENTION RESEARCH; WORKPLACE; KNOWLEDGE; ORGANIZATIONS; CHALLENGES; PROGRAMS; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB Background Information dissemination is a mandated, but understudied, requirement of occupational and environmental health laws and voluntary initiatives. Research is needed on the factors that enhance and limit the development, transfer and use of occupational safety and health information (OSH). Contemporary changes in the workforce, workplaces, and the nature of work will require new emphasis on the dissemination of information to foster prevention. Methods Legislative and regulatory requirements and voluntary initiatives for dissemination of OSH information were identified and assessed. Literature on information dissemination was reviewed to identify important issues and useful approaches. Results More than 20 sections of laws and regulations were identified that mandated dissemination of occupational and environmental safety and health information. A four-stage approach for tracking dissemination and considering the flow of information was delineated. Special areas of dissemination were identified: the information needs of the changing workforce, new and young workers; small businesses; and workers with difficulty in understanding or reading English. Conclusions We offer a framework for dissemination of OSH information and underscore the need to focus on the extent to which decision-makers and others receive and use such information. More solid data are also needed on current investments in disseminating, diffusing and applying OSH information and on the utility of that information. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Econ Growth Agr & Trade, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, MS-C14,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM pas4@cdc.gov NR 127 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-3586 EI 1097-0274 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 44 IS 5 BP 515 EP 531 DI 10.1002/ajim.10295 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 742NE UT WOS:000186523300009 PM 14571516 ER PT J AU Cohen, M Wright, K AF Cohen, M Wright, K TI How do microfinance organisations become more client-led? - Lessons from Latin America SO IDS BULLETIN-INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES LA English DT Article AB The microfinance agenda is increasingly market-driven and, therefore, client-focused. The renewed interest in clients is driven by the industry's concern over competition and drop-outs. This increasing awareness that the customer matters has led MFOs to be more attentive to who their clients are, learning how they use financial services and identifying appropriate products and services that better match the customer's preferences. However, market-led microfinance is not limited to products. For institutions to better serve their clients, organisational restructuring may be required to ensure that their systems and modes of microfinance delivery are more client-responsive. Visits to Imp-Act partner MFOs-CAME in Mexico, ODEF and the COVELO network, a national MFO membership organisation, in Honduras-provide the context for a closer examination of the kinds of evolutionary processes that drive institutions to become more client-led, and thereby more effective financial service providers. C1 Off Microenterprise Dev, USAID Washington, AIMS Project, Washington, DC USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST DEVELOPMENT STUDIES PI BRIGHTON PA UNIV SUSSEX, BRIGHTON BN1 9RE, E SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0265-5012 J9 IDS BULL-I DEV STUD JI IDS Bull.-Inst. Dev. Stud. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 34 IS 4 BP 94 EP + PG 13 WC Area Studies; Planning & Development SC Area Studies; Public Administration GA 742FK UT WOS:000186506400011 ER PT J AU Norton, M AF Norton, M TI Child survival SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Norton, M (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 13 PY 2003 VL 362 IS 9387 BP 915 EP 916 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14309-7 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 721RH UT WOS:000185329400028 PM 13678983 ER PT J AU Naeher, LP Rubin, CS Hernandez-Avila, M Noonan, GP Paschal, D Narciso, J Lain, RE Gastanaga, C Almeyda, R Jarrett, J Caldwell, KL McGeehin, M AF Naeher, LP Rubin, CS Hernandez-Avila, M Noonan, GP Paschal, D Narciso, J Lain, RE Gastanaga, C Almeyda, R Jarrett, J Caldwell, KL McGeehin, M TI Use of isotope ratios to identify sources contributing to pediatric lead poisoning in Peru SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE children; environmental sampling; isotope ratios; lead; Peru ID MINING COMMUNITY; IDENTIFICATION; BLOOD; CHILDREN; GASOLINE; EXPOSURE AB In 1998, a school-based blood lead level (BLL) survey of 2,510 children, conducted in Lima and Callao, Peru, revealed elevated BLLs in children from 2 Callao schools (mean BLL = 25.6 mug/dl; n = 314) and in children from Callao overall (mean BLL = 15.2 mug/dl; n = 898), compared with children from Lima (mean BLL = 7.1 mug/dl; n = 1,612). Public health officials at Peru's Direccion General de Salud Ambiental (DIGESA) hypothesized that a possible source of the elevated pediatric BLLs observed in Callao was a large depository near the port where mineral concentrates are stored prior to shipment. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention worked with DIGESA to identify source(s) that contributed to the pediatric lead poisonings by comparing isotopic profiles of lead in blood, mineral, gasoline, and air filter samples. The lead isotope ratio (IR) observed in mineral samples from the depository in Callao differed from those in gasoline samples from Lima and Callao. The blood lead IRs of children living near the depository were similar to the IRs of the mineral samples and different from the IRs of the gasoline samples, suggesting that lead from the depository-and not gasoline-was the primary source of lead in these children. Lead IR analysis of regional air filter samples supported these findings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Peru Mission, Environm Strateg Object Team, Lima, Peru. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Populat Hlth Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Minist Hlth, Direcc Gen Saud Ambiental, DIGESA, Lima, Peru. RP Naeher, LP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, EHS Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM LNaeher@uga.edu RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009; OI Jarrett, Jeffery/0000-0001-5755-3552 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD SEP PY 2003 VL 58 IS 9 BP 579 EP 589 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 851MS UT WOS:000223689800006 PM 15369276 ER PT J AU Wolf, RC Pulerwitz, J AF Wolf, RC Pulerwitz, J TI The influence of peer versus adult communication on AIDS-protective behaviors among Ghanaian youth SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PREVENTION; ADOLESCENTS; STUDENTS; EFFICACY; PROGRAMS; HEALTH AB Who most influences youth's AIDS-protective behaviors: peers, adults, or a combination of both? This paper explores interpersonal communication about reproductive health information among Ghanaian youth, and the association of this communication with different types of reported AIDS-preventive behaviors. Contacts of peer educators in Ghana were surveyed at three sites during April 1998. Respondents age 11 to 26 years were included in this analysis (N = 490). Youth who talked with both peers and adults (n = 90) were 2.08 times more likely ( 95% CI: 1.23, 3.51) to report having done anything to protect themselves from AIDS than those who talked to no one ( n = 202), while those who talked with peers only (n = 150) were 1.71 times more likely (95% CI: 1.10, 2.64) to have done something to protect themselves from AIDS. Youth who talked with adults only were not significantly more likely to protect themselves from AIDS than those who spoke with no one ( n = 42). Sexually active youth were more than twice as likely to talk to peers as adults. Specific AIDS-protective behaviors reported by youth differed substantially depending on whether their contact source was peers or adults. Understanding the interelationship between peer and adult influence allows program managers to design increasingly effective programs. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Populat Council, Horizons Program, Seconded PATH, Washington, DC USA. RP Wolf, RC (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Global Hlth Bur, 1300 Penn Ave NW,5-10-90, Washington, DC 20523 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH11815] NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 8 IS 5 BP 463 EP 474 DI 10.1080/10810730390233280 PG 12 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 728TN UT WOS:000185732600006 PM 14530148 ER PT J AU Wani, SP Pathak, P Jangawad, LS Eswaran, H Singh, P AF Wani, SP Pathak, P Jangawad, LS Eswaran, H Singh, P TI Improved management of Vertisols in the semiarid tropics for increased productivity and soil carbon sequestration SO SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Vertisol; soil quality; carbon sequestration; semiarid tropics; watershed management; P fertilization ID BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN-FIXATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; AGRICULTURE; BIOMASS; MINERALIZATION; AFRICA AB This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that an improved system of catchment management in combination with appropriate cropping practices can sustain increased crop production and improve soil quality of Vertisols, compared with prevailing traditional farming practices. Initiated in 1976, the improved system consisted of integrated land management to conserve soil and water, with excess rainwater being removed in a controlled manner. This was combined with improved crop rotation (legume based) and integrated nutrient management. In the traditional system, sorghum or chickpea was grown in the postrainy season with organic fertilizers, and in the rainy season the field was maintained as a cultivated fallow. The average grain yield of the improved system over 24 years was 4.7 t ha(-1) yr(-1), nearly a five-fold increase over the traditional system (about 1 t ha(-1) yr(-1)). There was also evidence of increased organic C, total N and P, available N, P and K, microbial biomass C and N in the soil of the improved system. A positive relationship between soil available P and soil organic C suggested that application of P to Vertisols increased carbon sequestration by 7.4 t C ha(-1) and, in turn, the productivity of the legume-based system, thus ultimately enhancing soil quality. C1 Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USAID, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Wani, SP (reprint author), Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. RI Wani, Suhas/C-5706-2014 NR 32 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 8 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-0032 J9 SOIL USE MANAGE JI Soil Use Manage. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 19 IS 3 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1079/SUM2003194 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 729XJ UT WOS:000185800100005 ER PT J AU Borrazzo, J Walling, R Falk, H AF Borrazzo, J Walling, R Falk, H TI Overview of international environment health SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE international environment health; environment health policy; health and human services AB Ultimately, the health and quality of life of all human beings depend upon the environment and ecosystems to which we are directly and indirectly connected. The papers in this special edition address a number of the critical environmental health issues on which U.S. government agencies and their collaborating partners are engaged internationally. The agencies are members of the International Environmental Health Subcommittee, chaired by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The activities described span the range from global policy to country-level field activities. While environmental factors related to infectious disease dominate the global burden of environmentally-related disease, acute and chronic exposures to chemicals are increasingly important public health issues at the local, national, and regional levels; arsenic in drinking water is a good example. Intersectoral action involving governments (at all levels), the private sector, and civil society working together in partnership is absolutely critical to sustainably resolving the problems touched on this overview and meeting the environmental health challenges of the twenty-first century. C1 US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept HHS, Off Global Hlth Affairs, Off Amer & Middle E, Rockville, MD USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. US Dept HHS, Off Global Hlth Affairs, Rockville, MD USA. RP Falk, H (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 206 IS 4-5 BP 257 EP 262 DI 10.1078/1438-4639-00221 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 716JD UT WOS:000185024300001 PM 12971680 ER PT J AU Rubin, CH Jones, RL Revich, B Avaliani, SL Gurvich, E AF Rubin, CH Jones, RL Revich, B Avaliani, SL Gurvich, E TI Environmental health collaboration: United States and Russia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Russia; lead poisoning; environment; pesticides; Gore Chernomyrdin Commission; environmental health; environmental cancer; risk assessment ID EXPOSURE; LEAD AB Developed nations share similar challenges to human health from commercial and agricultural chemicals that are released into the environment. Although Russia and the United States are historically distinct and unique, both countries are geographically large and economically dependent on emission-producing surface transportation. This paper describes U.S.-Russian collaborative activities that grew from a 1995 conference in Moscow that brought together environmental health investigators from both countries to discuss common concerns about the human health impact of environmental pollutants. Lead, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and mercury were identified as contaminants of greatest concern. Collaborative studies were initiated that included collecting blood and hair samples and splitting samples for analyses in both countries, and introducing and sharing new portable blood and environmental sample analyses instruments. The findings demonstrated that hair analysis was not a good predictor of BLL and that Russian children in the first city sampled had a mean BLL of 7.7 mug/dl. Although higher than the U.S. mean, this level was below the 10.0 mug/dl CDC level of concern. This manuscript summarizes additional study results and describes their impacts on Russian policy. On-going collaborative environmental investigations are described. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Nutr Biochem Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Forecasting, Ctr Demog & Human Ecol, Moscow, Russia. Russian Acad Adv Med Studies, Moscow, Russia. US Agcy Int Dev, Moscow, Russia. RP Rubin, CH (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 206 IS 4-5 BP 333 EP 338 DI 10.1078/1438-4639-00229 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 716JD UT WOS:000185024300009 PM 12971688 ER PT J AU Lines, J Lengeler, C Cham, K de Savigny, D Chimumbwa, J Langi, P Carroll, D Mills, A Hanson, K Webster, J Lynch, M Addington, W Hill, J Rowland, M Worrall, E MacDonald, M Kilian, A AF Lines, J Lengeler, C Cham, K de Savigny, D Chimumbwa, J Langi, P Carroll, D Mills, A Hanson, K Webster, J Lynch, M Addington, W Hill, J Rowland, M Worrall, E MacDonald, M Kilian, A TI Scaling-up and sustaining insecticide-treated net coverage SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT News Item ID MALARIA C1 London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1H 9PW, England. Swiss Trop Inst, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. WHO, Malaria Control Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Tanzania Essential Hlth Intervent Project, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Natl Malaria Control Programme, Lusaka, Zambia. Natl Malaria Control Programme, Kampala, Uganda. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. RP Lines, J (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Keppel St, London WC1H 9PW, England. OI Mills, Anne/0000-0001-9863-9950 NR 7 TC 43 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 3 IS 8 BP 465 EP 466 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00717-5 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 707EJ UT WOS:000184496200017 PM 12901886 ER PT J AU Archibald, LK Kazembe, PN Nwanyanwu, O Mwansambo, C Reller, LB Jarvis, WR AF Archibald, LK Kazembe, PN Nwanyanwu, O Mwansambo, C Reller, LB Jarvis, WR TI Epidemiology of bloodstream infections in a bacille Calmette-Guerin-vaccinated pediatric population in Malawi SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED BACTEREMIA; AFRICAN CHILDREN; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CLINICAL PRESENTATION; HIV; ADULTS; FUNGEMIA; SEPTICEMIA; DISEASE AB The risk of Mycobacterium bovis bloodstream infection (BSI) in bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-vaccinated children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains uncharacterized. We studied pediatric inpatients during the 1998 dry season in Malawi. After a detailed clinical evaluation, blood was drawn for culture and HIV testing. Of 229 children, 128 (56%) were male, 35 (15.3%) had BSI, and 30% of children aged >1.5 years (median, 2.7 years; range, 1 month-13 years) had HIV infection. The predominant pathogen was non-typhi Salmonella; neither Mycobacterium tuberculosis nor M. bovis was isolated. A diagnosis of malnutrition or sepsis was predictive of BSI; malnutrition alone correlated with both death and BSI. The bloodstream dissemination of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG is uncommon in HIV-infected children vaccinated with BCG. Correlates such as malnutrition or sepsis can provide algorithms for identifying children who need observation or empirical antimicrobial therapy for BSI in the absence of appropriate laboratory testing. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Clin Microbiol Lab, Durham, NC USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Lilongwe, Malawi. Lilongwe Cent Hosp, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Archibald, LK (reprint author), Regenerat Technol Inc, 11621 Res Circle,POB 2650, Alachua, FL 32618 USA. NR 33 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 2 BP 202 EP 208 DI 10.1086/376507 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 699HT UT WOS:000184051500003 PM 12854074 ER PT J AU Rodan, BD Blundell, AG AF Rodan, BD Blundell, AG TI Can sustainable mahogany stem from CITES science? SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Rodan, BD (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUL PY 2003 VL 53 IS 7 BP 619 EP 619 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0619:CSMSFC]2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 699XT UT WOS:000184082900001 ER PT J AU Bennett, RN Mellon, FA Foidl, N Pratt, JH Dupont, MS Perkins, L Kroon, PA AF Bennett, RN Mellon, FA Foidl, N Pratt, JH Dupont, MS Perkins, L Kroon, PA TI Profiling glucosinolates and phenolics in vegetative and reproductive tissues of the multi-purpose trees Moringa oleifera L. (horseradish tree) and Moringa stenopetala L. SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Moringa oleifera; glucosinolates; isothiocyanates; flavonoids; cinnamate esters; LC/MS ID STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION; QUERCETIN GLYCOSIDES; HYPOTENSIVE AGENTS; CHLOROGENIC ACID; LEAVES; IDENTIFICATION; HUMANS; ANTHOCYANINS; SEEDS; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Moringa species are important multi-purpose tropical crops, as human foods and for medicine and oil production. There has been no previous comprehensive analysis of the secondary metabolites in Moringa species. Tissues of M. oleifera from a wide variety of sources and M. stenopetala from a single source were analyzed for glucosinolates and phenolics (flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyaniclins, and cinnamates). M. oleifera and M. stenopetala seeds only contained 4-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-benzylglucosinolate at high concentrations. Roots of M. oleifera and M. stenopetala had high concentrations of both 4-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-benzylglucosinolate and benzyl glucosinolate. Leaves from both species contained 4-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-benzylglucosinolate and three monoacetyl isomers of this glucosinolate. Only 4-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-benzylglucosinolate was detected in M. oleifera bark tissue. M. oleifera leaves contained quercetin-3-O-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-(6"-malonyl-glucoside), and lower amounts of kaempferol-3-O-glucoside and kaempferol-3-O-(6"-malonyl-glucoside). M. oleifera leaves also contained 3-caffeoylquinic acid and 5-caffeoylquinic acid. Leaves of M. stenopetala contained quercetin 3-O-rhamnoglucoside (rutin) and 5-caffeoylquinic acid. Neither proanthocyaniclins nor anthocyanins were detected in any of the tissues of either species. C1 Norwick Res Pk, Inst Food Res, Div Nutr, Norwich NR4 4UA, Norfolk, England. Proyecto Biomasa, Uni Rupap, Managua, Nicaragua. Washington State Univ, USAID, MAFE Project, Mkt & Enterprise Program Nat Resource Based Prod, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Bennett, RN (reprint author), Norwick Res Pk, Inst Food Res, Div Nutr, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 4UA, Norfolk, England. RI Kroon, Paul/C-3420-2011; Kroon, Paul/H-5384-2013 OI Kroon, Paul/0000-0002-9805-6947 NR 57 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 4 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 4 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 12 BP 3546 EP 3553 DI 10.1021/jf0211480 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 684UG UT WOS:000183224500008 PM 12769522 ER PT J AU Edelman, R Wasserman, SS Kublin, JG Bodison, SA Nardin, EH Oliveira, GA Ansari, S Diggs, CL Kashala, OL Schrneckpeper, BJ Hamilton, RG AF Edelman, R Wasserman, SS Kublin, JG Bodison, SA Nardin, EH Oliveira, GA Ansari, S Diggs, CL Kashala, OL Schrneckpeper, BJ Hamilton, RG TI Immediate-type hypersensitivity and other clinical reactions in volunteers immunized with a synthetic multi-antigen peptide vaccine (PfCS-MAP1NYU) against Plasmodium falciparum (vol 21, pg 269, 2003) SO VACCINE LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Hlth, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med & Mol Parasitol, New York, NY USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Aquila Biopharmaceut Inc, Framingham, MA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Immunogenet Labs, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Reference Lab Dermatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Edelman, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Room 480,685 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 2 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 19-20 BP 2689 EP 2689 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00216-0 PG 1 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 682PK UT WOS:000183100600061 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, JD TI The client as partner in reproductive health consultations SO PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0738-3991 J9 PATIENT EDUC COUNS JI Patient Educ. Couns. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 50 IS 2 BP 111 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0738-3991(03)00004-1 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 691FZ UT WOS:000183596500001 PM 12781925 ER PT J AU Shepard, DS Bail, RN Merritt, CG AF Shepard, DS Bail, RN Merritt, CG TI Cost-effectiveness of USAID's regional program for family planning in West Africa SO STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING LA English DT Article AB Between 1994 and 1996, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) closed 23 country missions worldwide, of which eight were in West and Central Africa. To preserve United States support for family planning and reproductive health in four countries in that region, USAID created a subregional program through a consortium of US-based groups that hired mainly African managers and African organizations. This study assesses cost-effectiveness of the program through an interrupted time-series design spanning the 1990s and compares cost-effectiveness in four similar countries in which mission-based programs continued., Key indicators include costs, contraceptive prevalence rates, and imputed "women-years of protection." The study found that, taking into account all external financing for population and family planning, the USAID West Africa regional approach generated women-years of protection at one-third the cost of the mission-based programs. This regional approach delivered family planning assistance in West Africa cost-effectively, and the findings suggest that regional models-may work well for many health and population services in small countries. C1 Brandeis Univ, Schneider Inst Hlth Policy, Heller Sch, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. USAID, Arlington, VA USA. RP Shepard, DS (reprint author), Brandeis Univ, Schneider Inst Hlth Policy, Heller Sch, G19,MS035, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU POPULATION COUNCIL PI NEW YORK PA ONE DAG HAMMARSKJOLD PLAZA, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0039-3665 J9 STUD FAMILY PLANN JI Stud. Fam. Plan. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 34 IS 2 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2003.00117.x PG 10 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 700RV UT WOS:000184125700004 PM 12889343 ER PT J AU Scott, CA El-Naser, H Hagan, RE Hijazi, A AF Scott, CA El-Naser, H Hagan, RE Hijazi, A TI Facing water scarcity in Jordan - Reuse, demand reduction, energy, and transboundary approaches to assure future water supplies SO WATER INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE integrated water resources management; water scarcity; water reuse; demand side management; transboundary water management; water policy ID IRRIGATION AB Jordan is extremely water-scarce with just 167 m(3) per capita per year to meet domestic, industrial, agricultural, tourism, and environmental demands. The heavy exploitation of water resources has contributed to declines in the levels of aquifers and the Dead Sea. Rapid growth in demand, particularly for higher quality water for domestic, industrial, and tourism uses, is significantly increasing pressure on agricultural and environmental uses of water both of which must continue to adapt to reduced volumes and lower quality water The agricultural sector has begun to respond by improving irrigation efficiency and increasing the use of recycled water Total demand for water still exceeds renewable supplies while inadequate treatment of sewage used for irrigation creates potential environmental and health risks and presents agricultural marketing challenges that undermine the competitiveness of exports. The adaptive capability of the natural environment may already be past sustainable limits with oasis wetlands having been most seriously affected. Development of new water resources is extremely expensive in Jordan with an average investment cost of US$4 to $5 per cubic meter This paper examines four integrated water resources management (IWRM) approaches of relevance to Jordan: water reuse, demand management, energy-water linkages, and transboundary water management. nile progress in Jordan has been made, the Ministry of Water and Irrigation continues to he concerned about the acute water scarcity the country faces as well as the need to continue working with concerned stakeholders to assure future water supplies. C1 Int Water Management Inst, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. Minist Water & Irrigat, Amman, Jordan. US Agcy Int Dev, Cairo, Egypt. US Agcy Int Dev, Amman, Jordan. RP Scott, CA (reprint author), Int Water Management Inst, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. RI Scott, Christopher/D-1262-2013 OI Scott, Christopher/0000-0002-6767-0450 NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI CARBONDALE PA SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, 4535 FANER HALL, MC 4516, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-4516 USA SN 0250-8060 J9 WATER INT JI Water Int. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 28 IS 2 BP 209 EP 216 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 701VM UT WOS:000184189700009 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, JD TI Commentary on repeat emergency contraception - Response SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD MAY PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 BP 421 EP 422 DI 10.1016/S0010-7824(03)00019-2 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 685ZR UT WOS:000183295500016 ER PT J AU Gupta, R Espinal, M Beggs, A Laing, R Preger, J Castro, K Cegielski, JP De Luca, N Laserson, K Walton, W Wells, C Erokhin, V Mishin, V Vassilieva, I Karataev, ON Drobniewski, F Brander, L Katila, ML Malakhov, I Safonova, S Sheyanenko, O Starchenkova, N Farmer, P Hiatt, H Kim, J Mukherjee, J Murray, M Becerra, M Nardell, E Palmero, DJ Bonilla, C Solovic, I Mahmud, AM Rahman, A Melnyk, VM Portaels, F Creach, P Billo, N Repina, E Rakhishev, G Pechiorina, I Squire, SB Coker, R Arora, VK Sloutsky, A Timperi, R Henkens, M Lafontaine, D Slavuckij, A Vezhnina, N Cullinan, T Healing, T Weyer, K Heifets, L Iseman, M Lee, DH Park, SK Chaulet, P Gajardo, NZ Mata, Z Danilovits, M Vink, K Khechinashvili, G Louissant, M Ismailov, S Kibuga, D Leimane, V Davidaviciene, E Ferreira, E MacArthur, A Bam, DS Alarcon, E Suarez, PG De Marco, JR Reichmann, LB Salfinger, M Hasler, T Ovreberg, K Ringdal, T Garcia, JB Barry, D Castro, A Mitnick, C Rich, M Seung, K Livchane, E Passetchnikov, A Ponomarenko, O Trusov, A Mariandyshev, A Strelis, AK Lambregts-van Weezenbeek, C Perelmann, MI Borstchevsky, V Torun, T Leimane, V Hoffner, S Sillastu, H Barid, S Hinman, A Rosenberg, ML Schieffelbein, C Arnadottir, T Peremitin, G Tonkel, T Tupasi, T Perez, HL Burgos, M Jurkuvenas, V Kimerling, M Hopewell, P Bacheller, S Bloom, A St Antoine, JJ Tayler, Y Weil, D Aziz, M Cruz, JR Espinal, M Figueroa, R Gupta, R Lee, JW Ottmani, SE Raviglione, M Seita, A Smith, I Zaleskis, R Cho, SN AF Gupta, R Espinal, M Beggs, A Laing, R Preger, J Castro, K Cegielski, JP De Luca, N Laserson, K Walton, W Wells, C Erokhin, V Mishin, V Vassilieva, I Karataev, ON Drobniewski, F Brander, L Katila, ML Malakhov, I Safonova, S Sheyanenko, O Starchenkova, N Farmer, P Hiatt, H Kim, J Mukherjee, J Murray, M Becerra, M Nardell, E Palmero, DJ Bonilla, C Solovic, I Mahmud, AM Rahman, A Melnyk, VM Portaels, F Creach, P Billo, N Repina, E Rakhishev, G Pechiorina, I Squire, SB Coker, R Arora, VK Sloutsky, A Timperi, R Henkens, M Lafontaine, D Slavuckij, A Vezhnina, N Cullinan, T Healing, T Weyer, K Heifets, L Iseman, M Lee, DH Park, SK Chaulet, P Gajardo, NZ Mata, Z Danilovits, M Vink, K Khechinashvili, G Louissant, M Ismailov, S Kibuga, D Leimane, V Davidaviciene, E Ferreira, E MacArthur, A Bam, DS Alarcon, E Suarez, PG De Marco, JR Reichmann, LB Salfinger, M Hasler, T Ovreberg, K Ringdal, T Garcia, JB Barry, D Castro, A Mitnick, C Rich, M Seung, K Livchane, E Passetchnikov, A Ponomarenko, O Trusov, A Mariandyshev, A Strelis, AK Lambregts-van Weezenbeek, C Perelmann, MI Borstchevsky, V Torun, T Leimane, V Hoffner, S Sillastu, H Barid, S Hinman, A Rosenberg, ML Schieffelbein, C Arnadottir, T Peremitin, G Tonkel, T Tupasi, T Perez, HL Burgos, M Jurkuvenas, V Kimerling, M Hopewell, P Bacheller, S Bloom, A St Antoine, JJ Tayler, Y Weil, D Aziz, M Cruz, JR Espinal, M Figueroa, R Gupta, R Lee, JW Ottmani, SE Raviglione, M Seita, A Smith, I Zaleskis, R Cho, SN CA Stop TB Working Grp TI A prioritised research agenda for DOTS-Plus for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material DE drug resistance; tuberculosis; research; DOTS-Plus ID HEALTH C1 WHO, CDS, STB, TBS, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Calcutta Res, Kolkata, W Bengal, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Cent TB Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. TB Hosp, Dontesk Reg Clin, Donetsk, Ukraine. Dulwich Publ Hlth Lab, Dulwich, England. Finnish Lung Hlth Assoc, Helsinki, Finland. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Inst Trop Med, Antwerp, Belgium. Int Union Against TB & Lung Dis, Paris, France. Ivanovo TB Dispensary, Ivanovo, Russia. Kemerovo Oblast TB Dispensary, Kemerovo, Russia. Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. Med Sans Frontiers, Brussels, Belgium. Med Emergency Relief Int, London, England. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Natl Masan TB Hosp, Masan, South Korea. New York State Dept Hlth, New York, NY USA. Publ Hlth Res Inst, New York, NY USA. Reg TB Tomsk Reg, Tomsk, Russia. Royal Netherlands TB Assoc, The Hague, Netherlands. Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Stockholm, Sweden. Tartu Univ Hosp, Tartu, Estonia. Tomsk Oblast TB Dispensary, Tomsk, Russia. Tomsk TB Serv, Tomsk, Russia. Trop Dis Fdn, Makati, Philippines. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Gupta, R (reprint author), WHO, CDS, STB, TBS, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM guptara@who.int; espinalm@who.int RI Castro, Arachu/L-6664-2014; OI Castro, Arachu/0000-0003-0428-9174; DE LUCA, Nicola/0000-0002-9606-6586 NR 14 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 EI 1815-7920 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 7 IS 5 BP 410 EP 414 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 678LT UT WOS:000182869200003 PM 12757039 ER PT J AU Angov, E Aufiero, BM Turgeon, AM Van Handenhove, M Ockenhouse, CF Kester, KE Walsh, DS McBride, JS Dubois, MC Cohen, J Haynes, JD Eckels, KH Heppner, DG Ballou, WR Diggs, CL Lyon, JA AF Angov, E Aufiero, BM Turgeon, AM Van Handenhove, M Ockenhouse, CF Kester, KE Walsh, DS McBride, JS Dubois, MC Cohen, J Haynes, JD Eckels, KH Heppner, DG Ballou, WR Diggs, CL Lyon, JA TI Development and pre-clinical analysis of a Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein-1(42) malaria vaccine SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; falciparum; erythrocyte; vaccine; process development; safety; immunogenicity; AS02A; adjuvant; alum; Merozoite Surface Protein-1; MSP-1; growth inhibition; processing inhibition; protein; purification ID PROTECTS AOTUS MONKEYS; C-TERMINAL FRAGMENT; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; CELL INVASION; T-CELL; PARASITE; ANTIGEN; GROWTH; PRECURSOR; EPITOPE AB Merozoite Surface Protein-1(42) (MSP-1(42)) is a leading vaccine candidate against erythrocytic malaria parasites. We cloned and expressed Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1(42) (3D7 clone) in Escherichia coli. The antigen was purified to greater than 95% homogeneity by using nickel-, Q- and carboxy-methyl (CM)-substituted resins. The final product, designated Falciparum Merozoite Protein-1 (FMP1), had endotoxin levels significantly lower than FDA standards. It was structurally correct based on binding conformation-dependent mAbs, and was stable. Functional antibodies from rabbits vaccinated with FMP1 in Freund's adjuvant inhibited parasite growth in vitro and also inhibited secondary processing Of MSP-1(42). FMP1 formulated with GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals (GSK) adjuvant, AS02A or alum was safe and immunogenic in rhesus (Macaca mulatta) monkeys. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 WRAIR, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. AFRIMS, Bangkok, Thailand. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. WRAIR, Dept Biol Res, Pilot Bioprod Facil, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Angov, E (reprint author), WRAIR, Dept Immunol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802 NR 37 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 128 IS 2 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(03)00077-X PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 682YH UT WOS:000183119600008 PM 12742586 ER PT J AU Estevadeordal, A Frantz, B Taylor, AM AF Estevadeordal, A Frantz, B Taylor, AM TI The rise and fall of world trade, 1870-1939 SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID PROPER ECONOMETRIC SPECIFICATION; GRAVITY EQUATION; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; TRANSPORT COSTS; CURRENCY UNION; INCOME AB Measured by the ratio of trade to output, the period 1870-1913 marked the birth of the first era of trade globalization and the period 1914-1939 its death. What caused the boom and bust? We use an augmented gravity model to examine the gold standard, tariffs, and transport costs as determinants of trade. Until 1913 the rise of the gold standard and the fall in transport costs were the main trade-creating forces. As of 1929 the reversal was driven by higher transport costs. In the 1930s the final collapse of the gold standard drove trade volumes even lower. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Bur Econ Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 83 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 6 U2 22 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0033-5533 J9 Q J ECON JI Q. J. Econ. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 118 IS 2 BP 359 EP 407 DI 10.1162/003355303321675419 PG 49 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 679FM UT WOS:000182910100001 ER PT J AU Kilian, AHD Tindyebwa, D Gulck, T Byamukama, W Rubaale, T Kabagambe, G Korte, R AF Kilian, AHD Tindyebwa, D Gulck, T Byamukama, W Rubaale, T Kabagambe, G Korte, R TI Attitude of women in western Uganda towards pre-packed, unit-dosed malaria treatment for children SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE malaria treatment; pre-packaging; home management; acceptance ID HOME TREATMENT; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; TREATMENT SEEKING; CONTROL PROGRAM; DISTRICT; DIAGNOSIS; CHLOROQUINE; MOTHERS; FEVERS; KENYA AB In the context of a larger study on malaria related knowledge, attitudes, practices and beliefs in western Uganda 813 women aged 15-49 years were shown a sample of a pre-packed, unit-dosed malaria treatment for children, its use was explained and attitudes of the women were investigated. Of all women, 90.5% (86% urban, 92% rural) said they would prefer the pre-packed over the conventional type of treatment and 93.9% of these were willing to pay between 0.17 (rural) and 0.29 (urban) US$ more for this treatment. Two-thirds (67.8%) thought that they would not have to ask their spouses before making a decision on the kind of treatment and 59.5% said they would rather stock the treatment at home than buy it when a child gets sick. The most mentioned reason for preferring pre-packs was their safety and cleanliness, while ease of application, dosing and compliance were secondary. We conclude that pre-packed, unit-dosed malaria treatment is accepted by the caretakers of children in the area studied and that they readily understand and accept its concept. This indicates a high potential for this approach to improve the home management of malaria fevers and reduce malaria-related morbidity and mortality if adequate coverage can be achieved and if the intervention is embedded into an appropriate programme of behavioural change communication and provider training. C1 USAID, Kampala, Uganda. GTZ, Basic Hlth Serv Project, Ft Portal, Uganda. Dist Hlth Serv, Port Portal, Uganda. GTZ Gesell Tech Zusammenarbeit GmbH, Dept Hlth Educ Social Secur, D-65726 Eschborn, Germany. RP Kilian, AHD (reprint author), USAID, POB 7856, Kampala, Uganda. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAY PY 2003 VL 8 IS 5 BP 431 EP 438 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2003.01044.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 674UA UT WOS:000182653300011 PM 12753639 ER PT J AU Sukin, H AF Sukin, H TI The western Kenya insecticide-treated bed net trial - Preface SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAID, Bur Africa, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Sukin, H (reprint author), USAID, Bur Africa, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600001 ER PT J AU James, WE Ray, DJ Minor, PJ AF James, WE Ray, DJ Minor, PJ TI Indonesia's textiles and apparel: The challenges ahead SO BULLETIN OF INDONESIAN ECONOMIC STUDIES LA English DT Article AB International rules governing textiles and apparel trade are undergoing transformation. The Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA) is being phased out, and as of January 2005 textiles and apparel trade will be conducted under World Trade Organization (WTO) rules. For Indonesia, this presents challenges and opportunities. The global trading system is increasingly seeing the introduction of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) that liberalise trade among members but discriminate against nonmembers. Major markets are negotiating new PTAs that divert trade away from low-cost non-member producers such as Indonesia. China's entry into the WTO allows producers there to take advantage of liberalised quotas and the integration of textile and apparel products into the tariff-based trade system as of 2002. With rising domestic production costs, increased local government interventions and poor tax administration, Indonesian producers face a 'double squeeze'. This paper outlines the key challenges confronting the sector and makes recommendations for sustaining exports in coming years. C1 USAID, Partnership Econ Growth Project, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP James, WE (reprint author), USAID, Partnership Econ Growth Project, Jakarta, Indonesia. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV RES SCH PACIFIC STUD PI CANBERRA PA DEPT ECON PO BOX 4, CANBERRA, 2601, AUSTRALIA SN 0007-4918 J9 B INDONES ECON STUD JI Bull. Indones. Econ. Stud. PD APR PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1080/00074910302005 PG 11 WC Area Studies; Economics SC Area Studies; Business & Economics GA 674EM UT WOS:000182624400004 ER PT J AU Aly, H Gipson, R Mohsen, L Nada, K Afifi, A Matta, N Mansour, E AF Aly, H Gipson, R Mohsen, L Nada, K Afifi, A Matta, N Mansour, E TI Impact of training on infection control in neonatal intensive care units in Egypt SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 George Washington Univ Hosp, Newborn Serv, Washington, DC USA. John Snow Inc, Cairo, Egypt. US Agcy Int Dev, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 1958 BP 343A EP 343A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897901956 ER PT J AU Shaban, W El-Mohandes, AAE Ali, H Gipson, R Mohsen, L Matta, N Mansour, E AF Shaban, W El-Mohandes, AAE Ali, H Gipson, R Mohsen, L Matta, N Mansour, E TI Supervised practice (SP): An effective training method to improve neonatal outcomes in Egypt SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. John Snow Inc, Cairo, Egypt. US Agcy Int Dev, Cairo, Egypt. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 2161 BP 381A EP 381A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897902159 ER PT J AU Kandil, A Gipson, R El-Sheikh, H Mohsen, L Matta, N Mansour, E AF Kandil, A Gipson, R El-Sheikh, H Mohsen, L Matta, N Mansour, E TI Training on infection control practices reduces contamination of intravenous (IV) fluids in neonatal care units in Egypt SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. John Snow Inc, Cairo, Egypt. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 2730 BP 483A EP 483A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897902728 ER PT J AU Clary, T Ritz, B AF Clary, T Ritz, B TI Pancreatic cancer mortality and organochlorine pesticide exposure in California, 1989-1996 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pancreatic cancer; organochlorines; pesticide use; California; mortality odds ratio study ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; RISK; RATS; MICE AB Background Occupational studies have suggested a possible link between organo-chlorine pesticides and the occurrence of pancreatic cancers. California maintains a death file and a pesticide reporting system that allows examination of this relationship for residents of high use areas. Methods We employed a mortality odds ratio design to compare deaths from pancreatic cancer (1989-1996) with a random sample of non-cancer deaths. Using pesticide data for three agricultural counties, we classified 102 ZIP codes in quartiles of pesticide usage for 1972-1989. Using logistic regression we estimated the effect of pesticide applications by ZIP code controlling for possible confounders. Results Among long-term residents, pancreatic cancer mortality was elevated for those living in ZIP codes with the highest use of four pesticides: 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d), captafol, pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), and dieldrin. No dose-response relationship was observed. Conclusions Our study suggests increased pancreatic cancer mortality among long-term residents in areas of high application rates of 1,3-d (an EPA-classified probable human carcinogen), captafol, pentacholoronitrobenzene (PCNB), and dieldrin. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USAID, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Environm & Occupat Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Ritz, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, POB 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Ritz, Beate/E-3043-2015 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES010544] NR 29 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 3 BP 306 EP 313 DI 10.1002/ajim.10188 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 649LB UT WOS:000181208900009 PM 12594778 ER PT J AU Archibald, LK Nwanyanwu, O Kazembe, PN Mwansambo, C Bell, M Dobbie, H Reller, LB Jarvis, WR AF Archibald, LK Nwanyanwu, O Kazembe, PN Mwansambo, C Bell, M Dobbie, H Reller, LB Jarvis, WR TI Detection of bloodstream pathogens in a bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-vaccinated pediatric population in Malawi: a pilot study SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE bloodstream infections; blood cultures; pediatric; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); disseminated BCG; Malawi ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; BACTEREMIA; CHILDREN; ADULTS; VACCINATION; FUNGEMIA; DISEASE AB Children in Malawi receive bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination within the first 3 days of life. Thus, we hypothesized that Malawian children infected with the human immunodeficiency type 1 virus (HIV-1) might be particularly vulnerable to dissemination of the BCG Mycobacterium bovis strain with which they were vaccinated. Following informed consent by parents, we studied children admitted to a Malawi general hospital during the 1998 wet and dry seasons. Blood from cohorts of acutely ill children was cultured for bacteria, including mycobacteria, and fungi, and tested for anti-HIV-1 antibodies. It was shown that non- typhi Salmonella and Escherichia coli were the predominant bloodstream pathogens during the wet and dry seasons, and that bloodstream dissemination of the BCG M. bovis strain is uncommon in HIV-1-infected children who receive the BCG vaccine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Lilongwe, Malawi. Lilongwe Cent Hosp, Lilongwe, Malawi. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Clin Microbiol Lab, Durham, NC USA. RP Archibald, LK (reprint author), CDC Mailstop A-35,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1198-743X J9 CLIN MICROBIOL INFEC JI Clin. Microbiol. Infect. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 3 BP 234 EP 238 DI 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00517.x PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 650PD UT WOS:000181271800011 PM 12667257 ER PT J AU Behets, FMTF Rasolofomanana, JR Van Damme, K Vaovola, G Andriamiadana, J Ranaivo, A McClamroch, K Dallabetta, G van Dam, J Rasamilalao, D Rasamindra, A AF Behets, FMTF Rasolofomanana, JR Van Damme, K Vaovola, G Andriamiadana, J Ranaivo, A McClamroch, K Dallabetta, G van Dam, J Rasamilalao, D Rasamindra, A CA Mad-STI Working Grp TI Evidence-based treatment guidelines for sexually transmitted infections developed with and for female sex workers SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE sexually transmitted infections; sex workers; risk factors; treatment; prevention; Madagascar; participatory decision-making ID SEEKING PRIMARY-CARE; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; MADAGASCAR; SYPHILIS; HIV; DIAGNOSIS AB BACKGROUND Sex work is frequently one of the few options women in low-income countries have to generate income for themselves and their families. Treating and preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among sex workers (SWs) is critical to protect the health of the women and their communities; it is also a cost-effective way to slow the spread of HIV. Outside occasional research settings however, SWs in low-income countries rarely have access to effective STI diagnosis. OBJECTIVES To develop adequate, affordable, and acceptable STI control strategies for SWs. METHODS In collaboration with SWs we evaluated STIs and associated demographic, behavioural, and clinical characteristics in SWs living in two cities in Madagascar. Two months post-treatment and counselling, incident STIs and associated factors were determined. Evidence-based STI management guidelines were developed with SW representatives. RESULTS At baseline, two of 986 SWs were HIV(+); 77.5% of the SWs in Antananarivo and 73.5% in Tamatave had at least one curable STI. Two months post-treatment, 64.9% of 458 SWs in Antananarivo and 57.4% of 481 women in Tamatave had at least one STI. The selected guidelines include speculum exams; syphilis treatment based on serologic screening; presumptive treatment for gonorrhoea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis during initial visits, and individual risk-based treatment during 3-monthly follow-up visits. SWs were enthusiastic, productive partners. CONCLUSION A major HIV epidemic can still be averted in Madagascar but effective STI control is needed nationwide. SWs and health professionals valued the participatory research and decision-making process. Similar approaches should be pursued in other resource-poor settings where sex work and STIs are common and appropriate STI diagnostics lacking. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. USAID, Antananarivo, Madagascar. Family Hlth Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Minist Hlth, Antananarivo, Madagascar. Inst Natl Sante Dubl & Communautaire, Antananarivo, Madagascar. Populat Council, Washington, DC USA. FIVMATA, Diego Suarez, Madagascar. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Behets, FMTF (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Med, 2102A McGavran Greenberg Hall,CB 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 14 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAR PY 2003 VL 8 IS 3 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2003.01017.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 654GH UT WOS:000181485500011 PM 12631316 ER PT J AU Clements, CJ Ratzan, S AF Clements, CJ Ratzan, S TI Misled and confused? Telling the public about MMR vaccine study SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS LA English DT Article ID DIPHTHERIA; DOUBTS AB The extraordinary events surrounding the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine in the United Kingdom have not only placed in jeopardy the use of this triple vaccine but have also spread concern to other parts of the world. Examination of the public's worry about MMR vaccine reveals they have been exposed to a range of conflicting views resulting in the feeling of having been misled about the safety of the vaccine. There are various groups and individuals who have legitimate roles in informing the public about such subjects. But is each one behaving in an ethically responsible way? And if confidence falters, vaccine coverage dips, and an outbreak of measles, mumps, or rubella ensues, who, if anyone, will stand and say "I misled them, I confused them, this is my responsibility"? We examine the ethical issues of each group with a voice in the debate about vaccine safety. C1 WHO, Dept Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Clements, CJ (reprint author), WHO, Dept Vaccines & Biol, Ave Appia 20, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0306-6800 J9 J MED ETHICS JI J. Med. Ethics PD FEB PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1 BP 22 EP 26 DI 10.1136/jme.29.1.22 PG 5 WC Ethics; Medical Ethics; Social Issues; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Medical Ethics; Social Issues; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 646QM UT WOS:000181045800008 PM 12569190 ER PT J AU Drucker, D AF Drucker, D TI Whither international social work? A reflection SO INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL WORK LA English DT Article ID EDUCATION AB Is social work really an international profession? How are we performing in relation to large-scale social needs and human catastrophes? Proud to proclaim concern for the poor, what is our record on the global scene in the main stream of 'development'? Despite our values, do we function largely as,stretcher-bearers' of our society, and act predominantly within a Western cultural orientation, dancing to the current tune of free market forces? What have we been teaching and researching in relation to practice? Here are related reflections of 50 years' experience, and suggestions for effectively integrating practice, teaching and research as an international profession. C1 USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Drucker, D (reprint author), Passage Niveau, 119 Rte Asserans, F-01550 Farges, Collonges, France. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0020-8728 J9 INT SOC WORK JI Int. Soc. Work PD JAN PY 2003 VL 46 IS 1 BP 53 EP + DI 10.1177/0020872803046001596 PG 31 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA 666FQ UT WOS:000182166800005 ER PT J AU Blundell, AG Scatena, FN Wentsel, R Sommers, W AF Blundell, AG Scatena, FN Wentsel, R Sommers, W TI Ecorisk assessment using indicators of sustainability - Invasive species in the Caribbean National Forest of Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE africanized bees; bamboo; Montreal Process ID BAMBOO AB Ecological risk assessment using indicators of sustainability offers a framework for the objective analysis of management decisions in complex landscapes. To demonstrate this approach, we examined risks to the Caribbean National Forest. Among the many stressors, invasive species (especially bamboo and Africanized bees) pose the largest potential risk to management goals. Although bamboo is spreading slowly, the risk of colonization is sufficient to require monitoring and research. Africanized bees, on the other hand, should be removed immediately from sensitive areas to increase the nesting success of the endemic but endangered Puerto Rican parrot. C1 USAID, EGAT Forestry Team, Washington, DC 20010 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Blundell, AG (reprint author), USAID, EGAT Forestry Team, 3426 16th St NW,308, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 101 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 635EK UT WOS:000180385100007 ER PT B AU Soule, MJ Tegene, A AF Soule, MJ Tegene, A BE Wiebe, K TI Land tenure and the adoption of conservation practices in the United States SO LAND QUALITY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AND FOOD SECURITY: BIOPHYSICAL PROCESSES AND ECONOMIC CHOICES AT LOCAL, REGIONAL, AND GLOBAL LEVELS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Land Quality, Agricultural Productivity, and Food Security CY 2001 CL Washington, DC SP USDA, Econ Res Serv ID SOIL CONSERVATION; REDUCED TILLAGE; MINIMUM TILLAGE; LANDOWNERSHIP; OPERATOR; RISK C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 1-84064-752-3 PY 2003 BP 319 EP 336 PG 18 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA BAK76 UT WOS:000222651300015 ER PT J AU Mazel, CH Strand, MP Lesser, P Crosby, MP Coles, B Nevis, AJ AF Mazel, CH Strand, MP Lesser, P Crosby, MP Coles, B Nevis, AJ TI High-resolution determination of coral reef bottom cover from multispectral fluorescence laser line scan imagery SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EXCITATION; EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; COMMUNITIES; PROTEINS; SPONGES; FAMILY; BANDS AB A prototype in-water laser line-scanning multispectral fluorescence imaging system was evaluated for its ability to provide data that could be used to determine the quantitative distribution and abundance of various functional groups on coral reefs. The system collected fluorescence imagery in three spectral bands with 1 cm(2) resolution at sites in Florida and the Bahamas. Fluorescence excitation was at 488 nm, and imagery was collected in emission bands centered at 520, 580, and 685 nm. Ground truth data on bottom cover was collected by divers using conventional line transect and photographic quadrat methods. A set of classification rules based on the relative signal levels in the three fluorescence channels was developed to assign the image pixels to functional groups. Once the image was classified, percent cover data for the groups were computed for the full image and for subsets of the image chosen to simulate line transect, grid survey, and photographic quadrat surveys. The statistics of percent cover of various bottom types derived from the fluorescence image compared favorably with those determined by diver survey techniques. The results demonstrate that fluorescence imaging has the long-term potential to provide coverage of large spatial areas of coral reefs at high resolution, with automated classification and quantification of functional groups in the image. C1 Phys Sci Inc, Andover, MA 01810 USA. USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Zool, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Marine Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NOAA, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Raytheon Co, Elect Syst, Tewksbury, MA 01876 USA. RP Mazel, CH (reprint author), Phys Sci Inc, 20 New England Business Ctr, Andover, MA 01810 USA. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 522 EP 534 PN 2 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 664EY UT WOS:000182049800021 ER PT B AU Atanasova, V AF Atanasova, V GP OECD TI Municipal citizen information centres: An effective tool for information, consultation and public participation SO OPEN GOVERNMENT: FOSTERING DIALOGUE WITH CIVIL SOCIETY SE OECD PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Advances in Surface-Enhanced Fluorescence CY JAN, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Well-informed and educated citizens are the basis of democracy. It is not possible to envision a democracy that is without a system of institutions and tools that manage and administer the free flow of information. This can be achieved in many ways. However, it is most important to take into account people's right to information and the need for them to be informed. Lack of information and withholding of news were tools used by the former socialist regimes to support state totalitarianism. The average citizen in Macedonia does not have the resources (education, friends or "connections") to negotiate effectively with government agencies or even to complete various government documents correctly. Many citizens visit their mayor seeking assistance, although that office is not equipped to handle their problems. The central government bureaucracy is not structured to provide any service more direct than handing out application forms and other documents. Thus, citizens are left without the knowledge and guidance they need to follow bureaucratic procedures, many of which require a trip -often, multiple visits - to the state capital. Nor do public agencies publicise a list of documents necessary to complete a procedure. The Citizen Information Centre (CIC) is A sustainable solution to these problems, the best way for implementing the 2001 Ohrid Framework Agreement, and tangible evidence of a future of decentralised local government in Macedonia. The 2001 Law on Local Self-Government is an important step toward improved transparency and overall political reform in Macedonia. The reform process is already well under way, building better communication between the citizens and their local government. Municipal officials have demonstrated the capacity to take on the new competencies that the planned decentralisation entails. C1 USAID, DAI, Macedonia Local Govt Project, Skopje 1000, Macedonia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-09983-2 J9 OECD PROC PY 2003 BP 79 EP 85 PG 7 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BAL13 UT WOS:000222661100010 ER PT J AU Blundell, AG Rodan, BD AF Blundell, AG Rodan, BD TI Mahogany and CITES: moving beyond the veneer of legality SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE illegal trade; logging; mahogany; Swietenia macrophylla; trade statistics; tropical timber species ID AMAZONIA AB The genuine mahoganies (Swietenia spp., Meliaceae) are the most valuable timber species in Latin America. Only one species, bigleaf mahogany S. macrophylla, is still traded. Because of concerns regarding logging it is regulated under Appendix III of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). We analyze implementation of CITES regulations by the USA, which is the major importer, comparing CITES statistics with data from US Customs to determine if shipments entering the USA have proper CITES documentation. Based on summary data for 1997-1999 (the most recent available), US Customs reports substantially more mahogany imports than CITES, although > 90% of imports were accompanied by the proper CITES documents. The discrepancies resulted from (1) changes in shipment volume made after permits were issued, (2) data transcription and unit conversion errors, (3) mistaken inclusion of other species in Customs data, and (4) imports that might or might not have been accompanied by the appropriate CITES documents. The analysis demonstrates that the USA is properly implementing CITES requirements. However, mahogany may be smuggled under different species names. Furthermore, the numerous credible reports of widespread illegal mahogany logging suggest that a substantial proportion of US imports might have been obtained in a manner inconsistent with the domestic laws of the exporting countries. Thus illegally obtained mahogany might have been 'legalized' through the CITES process, with Appendix III providing a veneer of legality to what is otherwise illegal wood. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Blundell, AG (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, EGAT Forest Team, 3426 16th St NW 308, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0030-6053 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD JAN PY 2003 VL 37 IS 1 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1017/S0030605303000164 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 672ZT UT WOS:000182554500023 ER PT J AU Edelman, R Wasserman, SS Kublin, JG Bodison, SA Nardin, EH Oliveira, GA Ansari, S Diggs, CL Kashala, OL Schmeckpeper, BJ Hamilton, RG AF Edelman, R Wasserman, SS Kublin, JG Bodison, SA Nardin, EH Oliveira, GA Ansari, S Diggs, CL Kashala, OL Schmeckpeper, BJ Hamilton, RG TI Immediate-type hypersensitivity and other clinical reactions in volunteers immunized with a synthetic multi-antigen peptide vaccine (PfCS-MAP1NYU) against Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE malaria vaccine; cutaneous immediate-type hypersensitivity; phase I vaccine trial ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN VACCINE; SPF66 MALARIA VACCINE; PHASE-I TRIAL; ALLERGIC DISEASES; RECALL URTICARIA; ADJUVANT QS-21; UNITED-STATES; DOUBLE-BLIND; SAFETY; IMMUNOGENICITY AB We tested the clinical reactions to a synthetic, Plasmodium falciparum, circumsporozoite multiple antigen peptide (MAP) vaccine in 39 volunteers immunized two to three times over 2-8 months using a dose escalation design. Immediate pain at the injection site was associated with the adjuvant QS-21 (P < 0.001), and delayed local inflammatory reactions were associated with high-titered circulating IgG anti-MAP antibody (P = 0.03). Because two volunteers developed acute, systemic urticaria after the third immunization associated with development of serum IgE MAP antibody, we employed immediate-type hypersensitivity skin tests (ITH-STs) using intradermal injections of diluted MAP vaccine to identify persons sensitized to the vaccine. ITH-STs were negative in seven volunteers tested 27 days after the first vaccination, but six of these individuals developed positive wheal and flare reactions when tested 14 or 83 days after the second vaccination; IgE MAP antibody was detected in only one of them. Another cohort of 16 volunteers, including the 2 allergic individuals, were ITH-ST negative when first tested late after their second or third vaccination at 6-7 months. Five of five non-immunized persons were also ITH-ST negative. ITH-STs may help identify individuals sensitized to malaria peptides and at potential risk of developing systemic allergic reactions after re-vaccination. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Univ Hlth Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med & Mol Parasitol, New York, NY USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Aquila Biopharmaceut Inc, Framingham, MA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Immunogenet Labs, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Reference Lab Dermatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Edelman, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Dept Med, Room 480,685 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-45251, R01-AI-25085] NR 44 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 13 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 269 EP 280 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00468-1 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00468-1 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 623VQ UT WOS:000179723900015 PM 12450702 ER PT J AU Blundell, AG AF Blundell, AG TI Tracking sequestered carbon in the timber trade SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Blundell, AG (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, 3426 16th St NW 308, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0376-8929 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 29 IS 4 BP 407 EP 410 DI 10.1017/S0376892902000292 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 663XW UT WOS:000182033200001 ER PT J AU Heiby, JR AF Heiby, JR TI A crisis in quality SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR QUALITY IN HEALTH CARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Heiby, JR (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1353-4505 J9 INT J QUAL HEALTH C JI Int. J. Qual. Health Care PD DEC PY 2002 VL 14 SU 1 BP 5 EP 5 DI 10.1093/intqhc/14.suppl_1.5 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 649WA UT WOS:000181229900003 ER PT J AU Bouchet, B Francisco, M Ovretveit, J AF Bouchet, B Francisco, M Ovretveit, J TI The Zambia Quality Assurance Program: successes and challenges SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR QUALITY IN HEALTH CARE LA English DT Article DE quality assurance; quality improvement; program evaluation; Zambia AB Objectives. The objectives of the evaluation were to review the performance of the Zambia Quality Assurance Program (ZQAP) and provide recommendations to help design its next phase. Design and methods. Topics for evaluation were identified from a systems analysis of what an 'ideal' quality assurance (QA) program might look like. The evaluation team was made up of six experts who developed questionnaires to guide the interviews and related scoring tools. The evaluation team visited 24 health facilities in nine districts, representing all four regions of Zambia, and interviewed 140 persons, including health personnel from the public and private sectors, and non-health personnel. Findings. In 5 years, senior staff built a QA structure and capacity throughout Zambia, generated enthusiasm for QA, and initiated teamwork on quality of care issues by motivated health staff Some challenges remain: lack of integration of QA, uncoordinated standards, weak methods of standards communication, poor measurement of compliance with clinical care standards, constraints on the work of the quality improvement teams, and inconsistent support systems. Recommendations. The evaluation team made recommendations regarding a national QA policy, mechanisms to develop standards of care, monitoring of health providers' performance, needs of quality improvement teams, training in QA, and documentation of QA activities. Conclusions. Despite its success in covering the entire country with a network of QA coaches and trainers, the capacity of the public sector to sustain QA activities at the central and district levels remains a challenge. Lessons from the Zambia experience can benefit QA programs in other developing countries. C1 John Snow Inc, Boston, MA 02210 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Nord Sch Publ Hlth, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Bouchet, B (reprint author), John Snow Inc, Boston, MA 02210 USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1353-4505 J9 INT J QUAL HEALTH C JI Int. J. Qual. Health Care PD DEC PY 2002 VL 14 SU 1 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1093/intqhc/14.suppl_1.89 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 649WA UT WOS:000181229900013 PM 12572792 ER PT J AU Tobey, J Volk, R AF Tobey, J Volk, R TI Learning frontiers in the practice of integrated coastal management SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Cross Portfolio Learning in ICM CY MAY, 2001 CL BLACK ISL, RHODE ISLAND DE collaborative learning networks; development management; donors; ICM practice; learning themes AB Since the Rio conference in 1992 investments in integrated coastal management (ICM) have increased dramatically. National and subnational governments have undertaken many initiatives to protect and develop coastal areas. Extensive field experience has advanced understanding of the operational attributes of ICM. This article reviews the principles and operational attributes of ICM that have become well accepted, particularly from the perspective of international ICM donors and professionals. A common understanding of the fundamentals of ICM provides a base from which targeted and systematic study and assessment of ICM can be conducted. Several thematic areas are suggested where there are currently important needs and opportunities for collective study and learning in ICM. The important role of donors is emphasized in supporting collaborative learning initiatives that advance understanding of ICM, and improve and expand the practice. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Coastal Resources Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Econ Growth Agr & Trade, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Tobey, J (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Coastal Resources Ctr, 220 S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 55 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PD OCT-DEC PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 285 EP 298 DI 10.1080/089207502900228 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 592VW UT WOS:000177958400002 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, JD TI Humility in observational studies SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Ronald Regan Bldg, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 27 PY 2002 VL 297 IS 5590 BP 2208 EP 2208 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 597LA UT WOS:000178222000023 PM 12353520 ER PT J AU Reichelderfer, PS Kovacs, A Wright, DJ Landay, A Cu-Uvin, S Burns, DN Cohn, J Coombs, RW AF Reichelderfer, PS Kovacs, A Wright, DJ Landay, A Cu-Uvin, S Burns, DN Cohn, J Coombs, RW TI The menstrual cycle does not affect human immunodeficiency virus type 1 levels in vaginal secretions SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID FEMALE GENITAL-TRACT; RNA LEVELS; WOMEN; BLOOD C1 Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Bishlek, Kyrgyzstan. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Maternal Child & Adolescent HIV Management & Res, Los Angeles, CA USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Coombs, RW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Box 359690, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-27664, AI-30731]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-33162] NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 5 BP 726 EP 728 DI 10.1086/342051 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 582LR UT WOS:000177352900025 PM 12195368 ER PT J AU Sommer, A Davidson, FR AF Sommer, A Davidson, FR TI Assessment and control of vitamin a deficiency: The annecy accords SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International-Vitamin-A-Consultative-Group Meeting CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL HANOI, VIETNAM SP Int Vitamin A Consultat Grp DE vitamin A deficiency; recommendations; assessment; control ID UNITED-STATES AB Comprehensive recommendations for the assessment and control of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) were rigorously reviewed and revised by a working group and presented for discussion at the XX International Vitamin A Consultative Group meeting in Hanoi, Vietnam. These recommendations include standardized definitions of VAD and VAD disorders. VAD is defined as liver stores below 20 mug (0.07 mumol) of retinol per gram. VAD disorders are defined as any health and physiologic consequences attributable to VAD, whether clinically evident (xerophthalmia, anemia, growth retardation, increased infectious morbidity and mortality) or not (impaired iron mobilization, disturbed cellular differentiation and depressed immune response). An estimated 140 million preschool-aged children and at least 7.2 million pregnant women are vitamin A deficient, of whom >10 million suffer clinical complications, principally xerophthalmia but also increased mortality, each year. A maternal history of night blindness during a recent pregnancy was added to the clinical criteria for assessing vitamin A status of a population, and the serum retinol criterion for a "public health problem" was revised to 15% or more of children sampled having levels of <20 mug/dL (0.7 mumol/L). Clinical trials and kinetic models indicate that young children in developing countries cannot achieve normal vitamin A status from plant diets alone. Fortification, supplementation, or other means of increasing vitamin A intake are needed to correct widespread deficiency. To improve the status of young infants, the vitamin A supplements provided to mothers during their first 6 wk postpartum and to young infants during their first 6 mo of life should be doubled. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Ophthalmol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Sommer, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 25 TC 153 Z9 162 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 132 IS 9 SU S BP 2845S EP 2850S PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 594DK UT WOS:000178033300001 PM 12221259 ER PT J AU de Pee, S Dary, O AF de Pee, S Dary, O TI Biochemical indicators of vitamin A deficiency: Serum retinol and serum retinol binding protein SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International-Vitamin-A-Consultative-Group Meeting CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL HANOI, VIETNAM SP Int Vitamin A Consultat Grp DE serum retinol; serum retinol-binding protein; vitamin A deficiency ID CALORIE MALNUTRITION; A STATUS; PREALBUMIN CONCENTRATIONS; SURROGATE MEASURE; CHILDREN AB Two biochemical indicators are currently recommended for determining whether vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a public health problem: serum retinol and serum retinol-binding protein (RBP). After consideration of 40 data sets and the original rationale for previously proposed cut-offs, a cut-off for serum retinol concentration was proposed at <0.70 mumol/L (20 mug/dL) in greater than or equal to15% of the sampled population. This cut-off should be applied to a representative group of preschool age children (6-71 mo). Because measurement of low serum retinol concentrations requires high precision, analysis should be done by HPLC. For serum RBP, a cut-off cannot be reliably specified, because available data are too few and too variable. However, because serum RBP concentration correlates well with serum retinol concentration, it can be used to determine whether VAD is a public health problem in those populations for which the relationship between serum concentrations of retinol and RBP have been established. More efforts to establish a reliable cut-off for RBP is warranted, because analysis, in particular radial immunodiffusion (RID), is relatively simple and inexpensive. Whereas HPLC and RID analyses must be done in a laboratory, methods are being developed for assessing serum retinol and RBP under more remote conditions. C1 Helen Keller Int, Helen Keller Worldwide, Asia Pacific Reg Off, Jakarta, Indonesia. USAID, Micronutrient Protram, MOST, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Div Human Nutr & Epidemiol, Wageningen, Netherlands. RP de Pee, S (reprint author), Helen Keller Int, Helen Keller Worldwide, Asia Pacific Reg Off, Jakarta, Indonesia. NR 27 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 132 IS 9 SU S BP 2895S EP 2901S PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 594DK UT WOS:000178033300008 PM 12221267 ER PT J AU Dary, O Mora, JO AF Dary, O Mora, JO TI Food fortification to reduce vitamin A deficiency: International vitamin A consultative group recommendations SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International-Vitamin-A-Consultative-Group Meeting CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL HANOI, VIETNAM SP Int Vitamin A Consultat Grp DE food fortification; vitamin A; micronutrients; developing countries ID A FORTIFICATION AB In developed countries, food fortification has proven an effective and low-cost way to increase the micronutrient supply and reduce the consequences of micronutrient deficiencies. It has been rarely used in the developing world, but general conclusions can be drawn. The biological efficacy, but not the effectiveness, of fortifying oil and hydrogenated oil products as well as cereal flours and meals with vitamin A has been shown. Sugar has been fortified with vitamin A in Central American countries for years, and biological efficacy and program effectiveness are well established. Efficacy of fortifying monosodium glutamate with vitamin A was demonstrated but a program has not been established. Fortification with vitamin A in the developing world should satisfy certain elements for success. a) A potential food matrix (a food regularly consumed, produced by a few centralized factories, without sensorial changes compared with the nonfortified equivalent, and nutrient remains bioavailable and in a sufficient amount) is required. b) Fortified foods should provide at least 15% of the recommended daily intakes for the target group (e.g., individuals consuming the lowest amount of the fortified food). c) Voluntary fortification of processed foods should be regulated to prevent excessive consumption of vitamin A. d) Neighboring countries should harmonize technical standards, facilitate compliance and minimize conflicts over global trade laws. e) A practical monitoring system should be instituted. f) Social marketing activities should be permanent and aimed at industry, government and consumers. g) Food fortification should be combined with other strategies (e.g., supplementation) to reach those not adequately covered by fortification alone. Infants and small children, whose dietary habits differ from those of adults, require special attention. Fortification of food commodities is a very attractive and economic way to prevent and control vitamin A deficiency. Effective food fortification might make supplementation of postpartum women and older children unnecessary. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Micronutrient Program, MOST, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Dary, O (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Micronutrient Program, MOST, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. NR 33 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 9 U2 25 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 132 IS 9 SU S BP 2927S EP 2933S PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 594DK UT WOS:000178033300012 PM 12221271 ER PT J AU Burridge, MJ Simmons, LA Simbi, BH Mahan, SM Fournier, PE Raoult, D AF Burridge, MJ Simmons, LA Simbi, BH Mahan, SM Fournier, PE Raoult, D TI Introduction of the exotic tick Amblyomma hebraeum into Florida on a human host SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RICKETTSIA-AFRICAE; COWDRIA-RUMINANTIUM; BITE FEVER; UNITED-STATES; HEARTWATER; IXODIDAE; VECTORS; VARIEGATUM; IXODOIDEA; REPTILES AB A resident of Florida returned from a short visit to southern Africa to find a male Amblyomma hebraeum tick attached to the skin behind her knee. Amblyomma hebraeum is a major vector of 2 pathogens that cause important diseases in southern Africa, heartwater of ruminants and African tick-bite fever of humans. The tick was tested by polymerase chain reaction assay for evidence of infection with Cowdria ruminantium and Rickettsia africae (the causative agents of heartwater and African tick-bite fever, respectively) and was found to be negative for both agents. This is the second record of the exotic tick, A. hebraeum, being introduced into the United States on a human host. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. SADC, USAID, UF,Diagnost & Res Branch, Cent Vet Lab,Heartwater Res Project, Harare, Zimbabwe. Univ Mediterranee, Fac Med, Unite Rickettsies, Marseille, France. RP Burridge, MJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, POB 110880, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 88 IS 4 BP 800 EP 801 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0800:IOTETA]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 583UP UT WOS:000177428800029 PM 12197136 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, JD TI Repeat emergency contraception: facing our fears - Commentary SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Editorial Material DE emergency contraception; repeat; effectiveness; side effects; over-the-counter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD JUL PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 15 EP 17 AR PII S0010-7824(02)00313-X DI 10.1016/S0010-7824(02)00313-X PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 587ZH UT WOS:000177673900003 PM 12169375 ER PT J AU Kahn, SG AF Kahn, SG TI History of food and nutrition in emergency relief - Introduction SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Off Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Kahn, SG (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 132 IS 7 BP 2090S EP 2091S PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 569NP UT WOS:000176608700050 ER PT J AU Marchione, TJ AF Marchione, TJ TI Foods provided through US government emergency food aid programs: Policies and customs governing their formulation, selection and distribution SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on History of Food and Nutrition in Emergency Relief CY APR 03, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Hist Nutrit Comm, Amer Soc Nutrit Sci DE emergency food aid; food rations; food aid commodities AB This report describes the food commodities that are used in U.S. emergency food aid programs and outlines issues in their distribution, selection and formulation that may limit their ability to meet the nutrition needs of recipients. Issues are being raised at this time because the U.S. Congress plans to renew the authorizing legislation by the end of 2002. The author summarizes quantity and quality problems with food aid contributions and the difficulties experienced with the coordination of food aid with related needs of disaster victims. He identifies the foods supplied for emergency feeding by the U.S. Government and the World Food Program, and describes the limited applications of nutrition science to the formulation of the processed foods provided through U.S. food programs. The core of the report outlines the dominant nonnutritional priorities, stemming from the linkages to U.S. agricultural supply markets, U.S. commercial food interests, food aid pledging customs and difficulties in U.S. Government humanitarian response coordination. The presentation concludes with a review of issues, emphasizing the need for further studies, and some suggestions for shaping future food aid programs and policy with a strengthened capacity for protecting and promoting the nutritional status of disaster victims. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Humanitarian Response, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Marchione, TJ (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Humanitarian Response, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 132 IS 7 BP 2104S EP 2111S PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 569NP UT WOS:000176608700053 PM 12097703 ER PT J AU Merry, FD Hildebrand, PE Pattie, P Carter, DR AF Merry, FD Hildebrand, PE Pattie, P Carter, DR TI An analysis of land conversion from sustainable forestry to pasture: a case study in the Bolivian Lowlands SO LAND USE POLICY LA English DT Article DE linear programming; deforestation; cattle; forestry ID BRAZILIAN AMAZON; RAIN-FOREST; ECONOMICS; DEFORESTATION; POLICY; MODEL AB The objective of this paper is to examine the land-use dynamics between cattle production and forestry: when forest production takes place in a sustainable manner and cattle production is without the benefit of artificial production incentives. Data from the Lowlands of Bolivia are used in the empirical analysis and although the results directly reflect that situation, they are pertinent to much of Latin America and the continuing land-use conflict between forestry and cattle production. The results suggest that contrary to conventional wisdom, higher stumpage values do not always lead to a decrease in the land converted to pasture. In circumstances where per hectare stumpage values are very low, increases in stumpage values will provide the capital required to convert land to pasture and thus exacerbate land conversion. This will occur until a certain threshold value, after which further increases in stumpage values will decrease land conversion to pasture, as would be expected. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Food & Resource Econ, Gainesville, FL USA. USAID, BOLFOR, Bolivian Sustainable Forest Management Project, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Merry, FD (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8377 J9 LAND USE POLICY JI Land Use Pol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 19 IS 3 BP 207 EP 215 AR PII S0264-8377(02)00015-7 DI 10.1016/S0264-8377(02)00015-7 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 592GE UT WOS:000177927800002 ER PT J AU Rubin, CH Esteban, E Reissman, DB Daley, WR Noonan, GP Karpati, A Gurvitch, E Kuzmin, SV Privalova, LI Zukov, A Zlepko, A AF Rubin, CH Esteban, E Reissman, DB Daley, WR Noonan, GP Karpati, A Gurvitch, E Kuzmin, SV Privalova, LI Zukov, A Zlepko, A TI Lead poisoning among young children in Russia: Concurrent evaluation of childhood lead exposure in Ekaterinburg, Krasnouralsk, and Volgograd SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE children's health; environmental exposure; lead poisoning ID BLOOD; FINGERSTICK; CAPILLARY; SAMPLES; HEALTH AB The Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission encouraged a binational collaboration to evaluate pediatric lead poisoning in Russia. The study evaluated children in three Russian cities: Krasnouralsk, a small city with minimal traffic centered around a copper smelter; and Ekaterinburg and Volgograd, both of which are large cities with multiple factories and heavy vehicular traffic. This project was the first international use of portable blood lead analysis instruments. In each city, at least 90% of children attending selected neighborhood kindergartens participated. We selected kindergartens on the basis of their proximity to industrial areas and major traffic corridors. We obtained capillary blood samples and analyzed for lead content and hemoglobin (Hgb) levels in the field, and collected environmental samples (i.e., indoor dust, tap water, play area soil, and interior and exterior paint) and analyzed for each participating school and in the homes of about 10% of the children who had elevated blood lead levels (BLLs; greater than or equal to 10 mug/dL). We calculated all age-, sex-, and city-specific geometric means using generalized estimating equations to account for covariance within kindergartens, and used multivariate logistic regression models to identify variables predictive of elevated BLLs. Overall, 23% of study children had elevated BLLs and 2% were anemic, defined as Hgb<11 g/dL. Krasnouralsk had the highest geometric mean BLL (10.7 μg/dL), the highest percentage of children (60%) with elevated BLLs, and the highest percentage of anemic children (4%). All soil samples in Krasnouralsk had detectable lead levels. Volgograd was the only city that had paint samples with elevated lead levels. We found apparent city-specific differences in the percentages of children with elevated BLLs. Lead-contaminated soil and dust, which can result from lead-based automotive fuel and from lead-related industrial emissions, appear to be the most important routes of lead exposure of those evaluated in this study. Elevated lead levels found in paint samples from Volgograd may indicate old undercoats of lead-based paint that could represent a regionally rather than nationally important source of exposure. C1 CDCP, Hlth Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Sanit & Epidemiol Surveillance Russian Federat, Moscow, Russia. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Rubin, CH (reprint author), CDCP, Hlth Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 110 IS 6 BP 559 EP 562 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 561HV UT WOS:000176134900018 PM 12055045 ER PT J AU Fox, TH AF Fox, TH TI Environmental policy for developing countries SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 12 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 575XF UT WOS:000176973200010 ER PT J AU Taylor, AM Estevadeordal, A Frantz, B AF Taylor, AM Estevadeordal, A Frantz, B TI World trade and the gold standard, 1870-1939 SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Inter Amer Dev Bank, Washington, DC 20577 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0022-0507 J9 J ECON HIST JI J. Econ. Hist. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 62 IS 2 BP 573 EP 574 PG 2 WC Economics; History; History Of Social Sciences SC Business & Economics; History; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 565GL UT WOS:000176361400035 ER PT J AU Nicholson, N AF Nicholson, N TI Policy choices and the uses of state power: The work of Theodore J. Lowi SO POLICY SCIENCES LA English DT Article C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Nicholson, N (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-2687 J9 POLICY SCI JI Policy Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 35 IS 2 BP 163 EP 177 DI 10.1023/A:1016161106037 PG 15 WC Planning & Development; Public Administration; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Public Administration; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 572MG UT WOS:000176778100003 ER PT J AU Thomas, K Thyagarajan, SP Jeyaseelan, L Varghese, JC Krishnamurthy, P Bai, L Hira, S Sudhakar, K Peedicayil, A George, S George, R Rajendran, P Joyee, AG Hari, D Balakrishnan Sethuraman, N Gharpure, H Srinivasan, V AF Thomas, K Thyagarajan, SP Jeyaseelan, L Varghese, JC Krishnamurthy, P Bai, L Hira, S Sudhakar, K Peedicayil, A George, S George, R Rajendran, P Joyee, AG Hari, D Balakrishnan Sethuraman, N Gharpure, H Srinivasan, V TI Community prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus infection in Tamil Nadu, India: A probability proportional to size cluster survey SO NATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDIA LA English DT Article ID HIV; TANZANIA; RISK AB Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS is threatening the survival of many nations. To evaluate ongoing interventional strategies and burden of illness estimates, valid data on the prevalence of, HIV are required. Often, in the absence of community prevalence data, estimates are based on surrogate markers such as prevalence of HIV in antenatal clinics. Even though the antenatal prevalence of HIV is. easier to measure and can be repeated for evaluation, it is important to establish the association between antenatal and community prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV, so that the validity of the estimates can be verified. Methods. A 'probability proportional to size' cluster survey was conducted in three randomly selected districts of Tamil Nadu in India. The basic unit of the survey was households from rural and urban clusters. Adults 15-45 years of age from the selected households were eligible for, recruitment. Demographic, behavioural and laboratory data were collected. Clinical examination was done to identify STD syndromes and blood, urine, vaginal/urethral and endocervical swabs were taken for laboratory diagnosis of STDs from the subjects. Direct smear examination for Trichomonas vaginalis; serological tests for syphilis, hepatitis B, HIV, herpes simplex virus 2, Chlamydia trachomatis; and culture of Neisserla gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus ducreyi were performed on the collected specimens. The data were analysed adjusting for cluster effect. Results. We selected and screened 1981 individuals (1157 women and 824 men) for STDs and HIV from 1114 households representing the 25 million projected adult population of Tamil Nadu. The overall community prevalence of STDs including HIV and hepatitis B in Tamil Nadu was 14.6% (Cl: 14.1-15.1), and 8.3% (Cl: 7.9-8.6) when HIV and hepatitis B were excluded. Community prevalence of HIV and hepatitis B infection was 1.8% (Cl:1.7-1.9) and 5.3% (Cl:5.1-5.5), respectively. The distribution of HIV involved both rural and urban regions of Tamil Nadu. On clinical examination, at least one STD syndrome was noted in 486 (24.5%) of the women subjects; vaginal discharge was the most common and found in 421 women (38.4%). Conclusion. The prevalence of STD and HIV in Tamil Nadu is higher than expected and has extended into the non-high risk population (generalized epidemic). C1 Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India. Postgrad Inst Bas Med Sci, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Meenakshi Miss Hosp, Res Ctr, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. AIDS Prevent & Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. ARCON, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. USAID, New Delhi, India. Mahatma Gandhi Med Coll, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. RP Thomas, K (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India. OI Peedicayil, Abraham/0000-0002-9318-566X NR 32 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALL INDIA INST MEDICAL SCIENCES PI NEW DELHI PA ANSARI NAGAR, NEW DELHI 110 029, INDIA SN 0970-258X J9 NATL MED J INDIA JI Natl. Med. J. India PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 585ZM UT WOS:000177557500004 PM 12186325 ER PT J AU Dudley, JP Ginsberg, JR Plumptre, AJ Hart, JA Campos, LC AF Dudley, JP Ginsberg, JR Plumptre, AJ Hart, JA Campos, LC TI Effccts of war and civil strife on wildlife and wildlife habitats SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN ZAIRE; CONSERVATION; ENVIRONMENT; FOREST; BIODIVERSITY; EXTINCTION; DISEASES; RESERVES; CONFLICT; IMPACTS AB Historically, the no-man's land created by human warfare often protected wildlife and habitats by limiting human incursions and human population densities within disputed territories. Relatively few examples of this phenomenon have been identified in conjunction with recent and ongoing wars in developing countries, however. Modern wars and civil strife are typically associated with detrimental effects on wildlife and wildlife habitats. Most cited instances of contemporary war-zone refuges refer to military security areas that are functionally and geographically distinct from actual battlefields or areas subject to armed civil conflicts. The disappearance of the war-zone refuge effect is attributable to modern trends in the scale, intensity, or technologies associated with military conflicts and violent civil strife. Munitions and chemical agents exert both immediate and residual effects, direct and indirect, on wildlife and habitats. Overharvesting of wildlife and vegetation in conflict zones exacerbates existing constraints on the access to natural resources, threatening both the resource base and the livelihoods of local communities dependent on these resources. Socioeconomic studies have identified causative linkages between environmental degradation and violent civil strife, with the scarcity of natural resources fostering the emergence of war and civil conflicts in developing countries. Wars and civil strife create positive feedback that reinforces and amplifies interactions between and among ecosystem vulnerability, resource availability, and violent conflict. Strong and flexible partnerships between local communities, nongovernmental organizations, and international institutions may be a critical factor in mitigating the effects of war on wildlife by helping to maintain continuity in conservation efforts during periods of political instability. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. Tanana Chiefs Conference, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Dudley, JP (reprint author), Bur Asia & Near East, US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20004 USA. NR 77 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 7 U2 63 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 319 EP 329 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00306.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 537GP UT WOS:000174750800010 ER PT J AU Blank, GB Parker, DS Bode, SM AF Blank, GB Parker, DS Bode, SM TI Multiple benefits of large, undeveloped tracts in urbanized landscapes - A North Carolina example SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE conservation; land use AB In North Carolina's Research Triangle region, development pressures threaten open space. Expanding municipalities and suburban sprawl have isolated public lands as private landowners subdivide or sell to developers. Large holdings owned by a private corporation and amassed to buffer a nuclear power facility and its reservoir remain intact. These holdings provide unexpected public benefits and foster conservation of a rare plant community type revealed through interdisciplinary research. The landowner's support for research and restoration underscore the important role private corporations can play in achieving community conservation goals. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. SEI Environm Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. USAID, Off Agr & Food Secur, Washington, DC USA. RP Blank, GB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Campus Box 8002, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR-MAY PY 2002 VL 100 IS 3 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 531UD UT WOS:000174434900010 ER PT J AU Kublin, JG Lowitt, MH Hamilton, RG Oliveira, GA Nardin, EH Nussenzweig, RS Schmeckpeper, BJ Diggs, CL Bodison, SA Edelman, R AF Kublin, JG Lowitt, MH Hamilton, RG Oliveira, GA Nardin, EH Nussenzweig, RS Schmeckpeper, BJ Diggs, CL Bodison, SA Edelman, R TI Delayed-type hypersensitivity in volunteers immunized with a synthetic multi-antigen peptide vaccine (PfCS-MAP1NYU) against Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE malaria vaccine; cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity; phase I vaccine trial ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MALARIA VACCINE; T-CELL; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; TUBERCULIN REACTION; B-CELL; EPITOPES; IMMUNOGENICITY; INDUCTION; RESPONSES AB During the testing of the safety and immunogenicity of an adjuvanted, synthetic Plasmodium falciparum CS multiple antigen peptide (MAP) vaccine, we investigated the potential for using cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions as a correlate of immune response. We evaluated 27 of our volunteers for DTH reactions to intradermal inoculation (0.02 ml) of several concentrations of the MAP vaccine and adjuvant control solutions. Induration was measured 2 days after skin tests were applied. Nine of 14 vaccinees (64%) with serum, high-titered anti-MAP antibody developed positive DTH 5 mm induration), that first appeared by 29 days after immunizationand persisted for at least 3-6 months after 1-2 more immunizations. In contrast, DTH responses were negative in eight of eight vaccinees with no or low antibody titers, and in five of five non-immunized volunteers. Biopsies of positive DTH skin test sites were histologically compatible with a DTH reaction. We conclude that the presence of T cell functional activity reflected by a positive DTH skin test response to the MAP antigen serves as another marker for vaccine immunogenicity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med & Mol Parasitol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Immunogenet Lab, Baltimore, MD USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Hlth, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Edelman, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-25085, N01-AI-45251] NR 44 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 13-14 BP 1853 EP 1861 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00037-3 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00037-3 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 537QR UT WOS:000174771000024 PM 11906775 ER PT J AU Lee, EAM Palmer, DR Flanagan, KL Reece, WHH Odhiambo, K Marsh, K Pinder, M Gravenor, MB Keitel, WA Kester, KE Diggs, C Kaslow, D Apostolopoulos, V Ballou, WR Hill, AVS Krzych, U Plebanski, M AF Lee, EAM Palmer, DR Flanagan, KL Reece, WHH Odhiambo, K Marsh, K Pinder, M Gravenor, MB Keitel, WA Kester, KE Diggs, C Kaslow, D Apostolopoulos, V Ballou, WR Hill, AVS Krzych, U Plebanski, M TI Induction of T helper type 1 and 2 responses to 19-kilodalton merozoite surface protein 1 in vaccinated healthy volunteers and adults naturally exposed to malaria SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; B-CELL EPITOPES; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; TERMINAL FRAGMENT; DISULFIDE BONDS; BLOOD STAGES; ANTIGEN; ANTIBODIES; AFRICANS; HUMANS AB Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a major cause of death in the tropics. The 19-kDa subunit of P. falciparum merozoite surface protein I (MSP-1(19)), a major blood stage vaccine candidate, is the target of cellular and humoral immune responses in animals and humans. In this phase I trial of MSP-119, immunization of nonexposed human volunteers with either of the two allelic forms of recombinant MSP-1(19) induced high levels of antigen-specific Th1 (gamma interferon) and Th2 (interleukin 4 [IL-4] and IL-10) type lymphokines. The adjustment of the antigen dose and number of immunizations regulated the level of specificity of immune responses and Th1/Th2 bias of responses induced by vaccination. Novel conserved and allelic T-cell epitopes which induced cross-strain immune responses were identified. Importantly, responses to many of these novel epitopes were also present in adults exposed to malaria, both in east (Kenya) and west Africa (The Gambia). These data suggest that epitope-specific naturally acquired MSP-1(19) immune responses in endemic populations can be boosted by vaccination. C1 Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Inst Mol Med, Nuffield Dept Med,Mol Immunol Grp, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Inst Anim Hlth, Compton RG20 7NN, Berks, England. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Kilifi Dist Hosp, KEMRI Ctr Geog Med Res Coast, Kilifi, Kenya. MRC Labs, Banjul, Gambia. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol & Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Lee, EAM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Inst Mol Med, Nuffield Dept Med,Mol Immunol Grp, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. EM elee@enterprise.molbiol.ox.ac.uk RI HILL, Adrian/C-1306-2008; Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-25135] NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 70 IS 3 BP 1417 EP 1421 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.3.1417-1421.2002 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 522EQ UT WOS:000173883100049 PM 11854228 ER PT J AU Burridge, MJ Peter, TF Allan, SA Mahan, SM AF Burridge, MJ Peter, TF Allan, SA Mahan, SM TI Evaluation of safety and efficacy of acaricides for control of the African tortoise tick (Amblyomma marmoreum) on leopard tortoises (Geochelone pardalis) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE African tortoise tick; Amblyomma marmoreum; acaricides; tick control; leopard tortoise; Geochelone pardalis ID IXODIDAE; REPTILES; FLORIDA AB Nine acaricides (amitraz, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, fipronil, lindane, permethrin, phenothrin, and pyrethrins) were studied for their efficacy in killing the African tortoise tick (Amblyomma marmoreum). Only four of the acaricides (chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, lindane, and permethrin) produced 100% mortality within 24 hr of application, and only two (cyfluthrin and permethrin) continued to cause 100% mortality when diluted to as low as 1:10,000. Five of the acaricides (amitraz, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, and permethrin) were studied for toxicity to the leopard tortoise (Geochelone pardalis), the most common host of A. marmoreum. The results indicate that cyfluthrin and permethrin, which were herein found to be the two most effective acaricides for control of A. marmoreum, are also the safest acaricides; for use on leopard tortoises. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, USAID, SADC, Heartwater Res Project,Cent Vet Lab,Diagnost & Re, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Burridge, MJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, POB 110880, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 1 BP 52 EP 57 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 589QH UT WOS:000177771200007 PM 12216793 ER PT J AU Harbison, SF Robinson, WC AF Harbison, SF Robinson, WC TI Policy implications of the next world demographic transition SO STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Family Planning Programmes in the 21st Century CY JAN 17-20, 2000 CL DHAKA, BANGLADESH SP Int Union Sci Study Populat, Comm Fertil & Family Planning, Rockefeller Fdn, US Agcy Int Dev, UN Populat Fund ID FERTILITY TRANSITION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS AB Although the world demographic transition from high to low fertility appears to be nearing its completion, observed in perspective, this is the latest in a series of such transitions stretching back into prehistory. A stable new equilibrium is far from inevitable; indeed, it is unlikely. Many countries are experiencing below-replacement-level fertility, and this trend is spreading. Couples are now able to choose their family size, free of the traditional pressures to bear children that was characteristic Of most traditional societies, In fact, most societal pressures for the last generation have been distinctly antinatalist, in response to the enormous attention paid by the media to the "population bomb" agenda. This antinatalist attitude is changing, however, and what seems more likely than either a stationary or declining world population is a new growth cycle reflecting a resurgence of fertility as a response to growing material affluence and potential technological mastery of environmental challenges. Societal pressures and policies will play a role in this transition as they did in earlier ones. C1 USAID, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. RP Harbison, SF (reprint author), USAID, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU POPULATION COUNCIL PI NEW YORK PA ONE DAG HAMMARSKJOLD PLAZA, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0039-3665 J9 STUD FAMILY PLANN JI Stud. Fam. Plan. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 1 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2002.00037.x PG 12 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 540WL UT WOS:000174953800004 PM 11974418 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Epstein, JE Richie, TL Nkrumah, FK Soisson, L Carucci, DJ Hoffman, SL AF Kumar, S Epstein, JE Richie, TL Nkrumah, FK Soisson, L Carucci, DJ Hoffman, SL TI A multilateral effort to develop DNA vaccines against falciparum malaria SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CD8+ T-CELLS; MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; CODON USAGE; PLASMID DNA; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; INTERFERON-GAMMA; AOTUS MONKEYS AB Scientists from several organizations worldwide are working together to develop a multistage, multigene DNA-based vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. This collaborative vaccine development effort is named Multi-Stage DNA-based Malaria Vaccine Operation. An advisory board of international experts in vaccinology, malariology and field trials provides the scientific oversight to support the operation. This article discusses the rationale for the approach, underlying concepts and the pre-clinical development process, and provides a brief outline of the plans for the clinical testing of a multistage, multiantigen malaria vaccine based on DNA plasmid immunization technology. C1 USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Accra, Ghana. US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Celera Genom, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011; OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 NR 55 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1016/S1471-4922(01)02207-3 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 524GV UT WOS:000174005600008 PM 11854091 ER PT J AU Nyika, A Barbet, AF Burridge, MJ Mahan, SM AF Nyika, A Barbet, AF Burridge, MJ Mahan, SM TI DNA vaccination with map1 gene followed by protein boost augments protection against challenge with Cowdria ruminantium, the agent of heartwater SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE DNA vaccination; TH1/TH2; cytokines; heartwater; prime-boost immunization ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; IMMUNODOMINANT 32-KILODALTON PROTEIN; RICKETTSIA-PROWAZEKII; GAMMA-INTERFERON; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; FACTOR-ALPHA; ELEMENTARY BODIES; MULTIGENE FAMILY; MICE AB A DNA vaccine encoding the immunodominant MAP1 protein of Cowdria ruminantium (Crystal Springs (CS) strain) was shown to partially protect DBA/2 mice against homologous lethal challenge. To enhance the protective capacity of this DNA vaccine, the effects of length of interval between vaccinations and of prime-boost regimes were investigated. Increasing the interval between vaccinations from 2 to 12 weeks did not result in better protection (P = 0.900). However, boosting DNA vaccine-primed mice with recombinant MAP 1 protein significantly augmented protection on homologous challenge in various trials from 13-27 to 53-67% (P < 0.050). The augmented protection by the prime-boost regimen correlated with augmented T-H1 type immune responses that were induced by the DNA vaccine. These responses were characterized by production of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and anti-MAP1 antibodies of predominantly IgG2a isotype, and were critical for protection against C. ruminantium infection. Cytokine analyses were done at 48 h after in vitro stimulation of splenocytes with C. ruminantium or control antigens. In contrast, splenocytes of DNA vector control mice produced no cytokines and these mice were fully susceptible to challenge. In addition, DBA/2 mice immunized with the recombinant MAP1 protein without DNA vaccine priming produced non-protective T-H2 type immune responses which were characterized by production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IgG1 anti-MAP1 antibodies. A second DNA vaccine containing map1 gene from the Mbizi strain of C ruminantium also delivered by a prime-boost regime, conferred less protection against heterologous challenge. Hence, in developing DNA vaccines against heartwater that contain map1 gene, a prime-boost regimen should be adopted and gene sequence heterogeneity of field isolates should also be considered. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, USAID, SADC, Heartwater Res Project, Harare, Zimbabwe. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Mahan, SM (reprint author), Univ Florida, USAID, SADC, Heartwater Res Project, POB CY 551, Harare, Zimbabwe. NR 50 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 7-8 BP 1215 EP 1225 AR PII S0264-410X(01)00430-3 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00430-3 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 521TV UT WOS:000173858200030 PM 11803084 ER PT J AU Loevinsohn, B Aylward, B Steinglass, R Ogden, E Goodman, T Melgaard, B AF Loevinsohn, B Aylward, B Steinglass, R Ogden, E Goodman, T Melgaard, B TI Impact of targeted programs on health systems: A case study of the polio eradication initiative SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ETHICAL DILEMMAS C1 WHO, Dept Vaccines & Biol, Global Poliomyelitis Eradicat Initiat, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. BASICS, Washington, DC USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Off Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. WHO, Expanded Programme Immunizat, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. RP Aylward, B (reprint author), WHO, Dept Vaccines & Biol, Global Poliomyelitis Eradicat Initiat, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. NR 16 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.1.19 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 504VB UT WOS:000172875600008 PM 11772750 ER PT B AU Ogden, EW AF Ogden, EW BE Knobler, S Lederberg, J Pray, LA TI Post-eradication challenges in the developing world SO CONSIDERATIONS FOR VIRAL DISEASE ERADICATION, WORKSHOP SUMMARY: LESSONS LEARNED AND FUTURE STRATEGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Consequences of Viral Disease Eradication CY FEB 01-02, 2001 CL INST MED, FORUM EMERGING INFECT, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept HHS, NIH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Agcy Int Dev, US Dept Vet Affairs, Abbott Labs, Amer Soc Microbiol, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Eli Lilly Co, Ellison Med Fdn, Glaxo Wellcome, F Hoffmann La Roche AG, Pfizer, SmithKline Beecham Corp, Wyeth Ayerst Labs HO INST MED, FORUM EMERGING INFECT C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Programs, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Ogden, EW (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Programs, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08414-8 PY 2002 BP 169 EP 172 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BX26B UT WOS:000184775800023 ER PT S AU Mullins, GR AF Mullins, GR BE Gibbs, EPJ Bokma, BH TI Sustainability - From fringe to mainstream SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL/WILDLIFE INTERFACE: ISSUE FOR DISEASE CONTROL, CONSERVATION, SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION, AND EMERGING DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wildlife and Livestock, Disease and Sustainability CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL PILANESBERG NATL PK, SOUTH AFRICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Wildlife Dis Assoc, Bayer, Merial Anim Hlth, Novartis, Pfizer, USDA, Wellcom Trust C1 USAID, RCSA, Dept State, Washington, DC 20521 USA. RP Mullins, GR (reprint author), USAID, RCSA, Dept State, 2170 Gaborone Pl, Washington, DC 20521 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-438-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2002 VL 969 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BV61H UT WOS:000179507800001 PM 12381555 ER PT J AU Eisenstadt, TA AF Eisenstadt, TA TI Measuring electoral court failure in democratizing Mexico SO INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW LA English DT Article DE democratization; electoral courts; electoral governance; Mexico; political parties AB After identifying a lack of attention to electoral courts and post-electoral contestation of elections, this article seeks to compensate for the lack of comparative cross-national data on election dispute resolution by constructing ideal types of electoral court success and failure within one country Mexico, where primary research has produced needed data. It exposes authoritarian incumbent/opposition bargaining over rules of Mexico's democratic transition in the resolution of post-electoral conflicts in Mexico's municipalities. In identifying legal versus extra-legal paths of post-electoral contestation, it conceives of a "rule of law" ratio-the ratio of extra-legal post-electoral conflicts to legal electoral court case filings-to indicate gradual increases in opposition party compliance with electoral institutions. Upon establishing the lag between the construction of electoral institutions and compliance with them, the article concludes that this gap is attributable to conditions beyond their mere institutional configurations, such as social and political factors, and demonstrates that such compliance with institutions may not be assumed. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Polit Sci, US Agcy Int Dev, UNH Res & Taining Program Evolut Electroal Justic, Durham, NH 03124 USA. RP Eisenstadt, TA (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Polit Sci, US Agcy Int Dev, UNH Res & Taining Program Evolut Electroal Justic, Durham, NH 03124 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0192-5121 J9 INT POLIT SCI REV JI Int. Polit. Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 47 EP 68 DI 10.1177/0192512102023001003 PG 22 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 515NA UT WOS:000173500900003 ER PT J AU Ratzan, SC AF Ratzan, SC TI Global communication is central to health SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 7 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1080/10810730252801147 PG 3 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 525UJ UT WOS:000174092200001 PM 11878566 ER PT B AU Rivera, S Chavez, JL Guillen, RI AF Rivera, S Chavez, JL Guillen, RI GP ASAE ASAE TI Mezcalar watershed sedimentation study and GIS based watershed management analysis SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) - Environmental Regulations CY MAR 11-13, 2002 CL FT WORTH, TX SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE watershed; land use; erosion; sedimentation; natural resources; GIS; remote sensing; Honduras AB There is a great need in the world for assessing the different water problems in quantity and quality. in order to address different options for restoration or protection of watersheds. In the world nearly 36 % of the agricultural land has been somehow degraded: about 90 % of the Northern Andean cloud forest has been destroyed. and in the last three decades floods related disasters have increased 40 folds worldwide. This document tries to illustrate applications for sedimentation assessment, terrain stability, and Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) evaluation. It summarizes the result of a research conducted on El Mezcalar micro - watershed, which is part of the National School of Forest Sciences. ESNACIFOR's school forest. The study consisted of a sedimentological and hydrological assessment of a micro - watershed. Additionally, the use of GIS techniques to evaluate the TMDL, sediment problems. and some of the causes. such as deforestation arc discussed. The field data collection consisted of a daily flow measurements along with water sampling to determing suspended sediment content. Paired data was collected for 140 days, from February to October of 1999. As a result, a sediment rating curve was developed: Ss = k Q(m) were Ss = Suspended Sediment Content (mg/L), Q = discharge (L/s), k = -0.88893, and m = 1.03337. The month with the highest precipitation was September with an average of 10.08 mm/day and a corresponding discharge of 15.43 L/s, while the month with the highest concentration of suspended sediment was June with 0.197 mg/L. Also, the use of automatic weather stations. automatic water quality stations, high resolution DEM (Digital Elevation Model), and Airborne Remote Sensing data, in the application of GIS (Geographic Information System) based algorithms are discussed. C1 USAID, ENSACIFOR, Forestry Dev Project, Siguatepeque, Honduras. RP Rivera, S (reprint author), USAID, ENSACIFOR, Forestry Dev Project, Siguatepeque, Honduras. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-24-7 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2002 BP 542 EP 547 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BW67Z UT WOS:000182805800093 ER PT B AU Paleru, G AF Paleru, G GP MONDUZZI EDITORE MONDUZZI EDITORE TI Youth working for youth SO XIV INTERNATIONAL AIDS CONFERENCE: INTERVENTIONS AND PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International AIDS Conference CY JUL 07-12, 2002 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Univ N Carolina, Gen Clin Res Ctr, UNC Ctr AIDS Res, Natl Inst Hlth, Swiss Natl AIDS Res Program, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoWellcome Res & Dev, HIV Antiviral Res C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bucharest, Romania. RP Paleru, G (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bucharest, Romania. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY PY 2002 BP 95 EP 98 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BV85S UT WOS:000180242500021 ER PT J AU Gaillard, P Piwoz, E Farley, TMM AF Gaillard, P Piwoz, E Farley, TMM TI Collection of standardized information on infant feeding in the context of mother-to-child transmission of HIV SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; COTE-DIVOIRE; ZIDOVUDINE PROPHYLAXIS; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; PREVENTION; DIARRHEAL; RISK; PROTECTION; INFECTION AB Complete avoidance of breast-feeding is the surest way to avoid mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV through breast-feeding, but replacement feeding exposes infants, especially those born in developing countries, to the risk of other infectious diseases with consequent increase in morbidity and mortality. One study has suggested that exclusive breast-feeding during the first months of life carries a lower risk of HIV transmission than when other foods are given in addition to breast milk. Other studies have provided limited data on the risks of HIV transmission according to different patterns of breastfeeding, but studies have used different definitions of breast-feeding patterns and have analysed their data with adjustment on different risk factors. This hampers our ability to understand the mechanisms underlying HIV transmission through breast milk and the risks associated with different infant feeding practices. Consequently it is difficult to determine the best interventions to reduce the risk of transmission and the development of optimal policies. In collaboration with research teams involved with infant feeding research, the World Health Organization has developed a tool to assist studies on MTCT to collect information in a standardized manner, using common definitions and terms. The purpose is to facilitate comparisons between studies and the quantification of the risks of transmission according to various feeding patterns, after adjusting for potential confounding variables. The tool includes a core questionnaire to record infant feeding practices and other key information on the mother's and the infant's health. It also provides guidance on methods of analysis and presentation of the complex data on infant feeding. The tool can be used in prospective research studies on MTCT prevention, as well as providing the framework to assess infant feeding patterns in intervention programmes, such as those providing intensive counselling to mothers on infant feeding. The tool will facilitate the compilation of information from these studies which will ultimately provide scientific basis for updating guidelines and policies on infant feeding by mothers infected with HIV. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. WHO, Dept HIV AIDS Prevent, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. US Agcy Int Dev, Acad Educ Dev, SARA Project, Bur Africa,Off Sustainable Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Farley, TMM (reprint author), WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. NR 39 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 23 BP 3525 EP 3537 DI 10.1002/sim.1092 PG 13 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 497GV UT WOS:000172447800005 PM 11746335 ER PT J AU Bland, G AF Bland, G TI Contracting for development: The role of for-profit contractors in US. foreign development assistance. SO LATIN AMERICAN POLITICS AND SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Bland, G (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV MIAMI PI CORAL GABLES PA J INTERAMER STUD WORLD AFF PO BOX 248123, CORAL GABLES, FL 33124-3010 USA SN 1531-426X J9 LAT AM POLIT SOC JI Latin Amer. Polit. Soc. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 43 IS 4 BP 143 EP 146 DI 10.2307/3177034 PG 4 WC Area Studies; International Relations; Political Science SC Area Studies; International Relations; Government & Law GA 501YB UT WOS:000172712700006 ER PT J AU Guvele, CA AF Guvele, CA TI Gains from crop diversification in the Sudan Gezira scheme SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE crop diversification; certainty equivalence; Gezira irrigation scheme AB Land allocation in Gezira irrigation scheme (the Gezira) has, for the most part, been based on the political judgement of the government rather than economic criteria. This paper determined optimum crop combinations for the Gezira using the mean-variance (M-V) model. This large-scale gravity-irrigated project which was started for export cotton cultivation on 27,372 feddan (11,496 ha) in 1927 has now expanded to over two million feddan, and has a multi crop production system, Sources of production uncertainty include government control of prices, often announced after planting, and crop area in favor of cotton. Diversification was analyzed under various levels of risk using, in contrast to what is in the reviewed literature, both cross sectional and time series farm level data. The cross-sectional data comprised of net farm returns of 100 farmers for the 1987/1988 season, and the time series data were average net farm returns from the same area from 1971 to 1988. Cropping decisions in the Gezira are mostly based on cross-sectional data from a sample of tenants in the preceding season. This paper estimated variance and covariance parameters of observed net margins of both sets of data and found significant differences in the results. The certainty equivalence results used to evaluate crop diversification showed that current policies of controlling crop acreage lead to inefficient land use; and that farmers diversify into wheat and groundnuts out of cotton when cross-section data were used; and from groundnuts to cotton and wheat when time series data were used. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAID, Bur Africa, Washington, DC USA. RP Guvele, CA (reprint author), 1325 Frontier Lane, Manhattan, KS 66503 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 70 IS 1 BP 319 EP 333 DI 10.1016/S0308-521X(01)00030-0 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 472RC UT WOS:000170997900004 ER PT J AU Meek, S Edmondson, J Carroll, D AF Meek, S Edmondson, J Carroll, D TI Global campaign to eradicate malaria - Meeting showed scope for scaling up campaign SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London & Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Malaria Consortium, London WC1E 7HT, England. US Agcy Int Dev, Global Bur, Off Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Meek, S (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London & Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Malaria Consortium, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD SEP 8 PY 2001 VL 323 IS 7312 BP 571 EP 571 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 471NC UT WOS:000170934600033 PM 11573484 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, JD TI Ethical study design SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Ctr Populat Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Ctr Populat Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 8 PY 2001 VL 358 IS 9284 BP 839 EP 840 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05982-7 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 472NA UT WOS:000170989300043 PM 11570403 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, JD TI The provider perspective: Human after all SO INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Ctr Populat Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Ctr Populat Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 11 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 0162-2749 J9 INT FAM PLAN PERSPEC JI Int. Fam. Plan. Perspect. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 27 IS 3 BP 152 EP + DI 10.2307/2673838 PG 3 WC Demography; Family Studies; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Family Studies; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 465VA UT WOS:000170609600007 ER PT J AU Wegner, EL Loos, GP Onaka, AT Crowell, D Li, YQ Zheng, H AF Wegner, EL Loos, GP Onaka, AT Crowell, D Li, YQ Zheng, H TI Changes in the association of low birth weight with socioeconomic status in Hawaii: 1970-1990 SO SOCIAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFANT-MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; SOCIAL-CLASS; HEALTH; INEQUALITIES; DIFFERENTIALS; PATTERNS; TRENDS; WOMEN; WHITE AB This study examines rates of low birth weight (LBW) in the state of Hawaii and changes in the association of LBW with socioeconomic status from 1970 to 1990. The analysis is based on aggregate data for census tracts. Rates of low birth weight were calculated for each census tract. Relative socioeconomic scores were calculated from average household income and years of education. The results show that (1) there was a decrease in the rate of low birth weight infants in Hawaii; and (2) that the correlation between socioeconomic status and low birth weight was substantially reduced, though a significant correlation remains. The paper suggests likely ceiling effects, but that the progressive public health policies and expansion of access to primary health care in Hawaii during this period played a major role in reducing the rate of low birth weight infants and in decreasing socioeconomic inequality on this important health indicator. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Sociol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. First Hlth, Dept Informat Technol, W Sacramento, CA 95691 USA. State Calif Off Statewide Planning & Dev, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Psychol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. State Hawaii Dept Hlth, Off Hlth Status Monitoring, Honolulu, HI 96801 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Wegner, EL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Sociol, Saunders Hall 247,2424 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC STUDY SOCIAL BIOLOGY PI PORT ANGELES PA P O BOX 2349, PORT ANGELES, WA 98362 USA SN 0037-766X J9 SOC BIOL JI Soc. Biol. PD FAL-WIN PY 2001 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 196 EP 211 PG 16 WC Demography; Social Sciences, Biomedical; Sociology SC Demography; Biomedical Social Sciences; Sociology GA 626DF UT WOS:000179856500002 PM 12516224 ER PT J AU Peter, TF Mahan, SM Burridge, MJ AF Peter, TF Mahan, SM Burridge, MJ TI Resistance of leopard tortoises and helmeted guineafowl to Cowdria ruminantium infection (heartwater) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma hebraeum; Amblyomma marmoreum; ticks; Cowdria ruminantium; heartwater; helmeted guineafowl; leopard tortoise ID AMBLYOMMA-MARMOREUM ACARI; CLONED DNA PROBE; WILD ANIMALS; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; DOMESTIC RUMINANTS; SOUTH-AFRICA; TICKS; IXODIDAE; VECTORS; VARIEGATUM AB Experimental infection trials were conducted to investigate susceptibility of leopard tortoises (Geochelone pardalis) and helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris) to infection with Cowdria ruminantium, the causative agent of heartwater, a tickborne disease of domestic and wild ruminants. Ten guineafowl were inoculated intravenously with a virulent dose of C. ruminantium derived from bovine endothelial cell cultures, and four leopard tortoises were exposed to C. ruminantium infection by the feeding of infected Amblyomma hebraeum ticks. Uninfected A. hebraeum ticks ton both tortoises and guineafowl) and Amblyomma marmoreum ticks ton tortoises only) were fed on the animals during weeks 2 and 3 post-exposure in an attempt to detect infection. These ticks were analyzed for C. ruminantium infection by xenodiagnosis and with the C. ruminantium-specific pCS20 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Attempts to detect infection in ticks fed on either species were negative by both tests. These results suggest that leopard tortoises and helmeted guineafowl are refractory to C. ruminantium infection and, therefore, are unlikely to be capable of introducing heartwater directly into new areas. However, leopard tortoises are efficient hosts of A. marmoreum and A. hebraeum and are like ly to be important epidemiologically in the transport and maintenance of these tick vector species. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, USAID, SADC, Heartwater Res Project, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Burridge, MJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Pathobiol, POB 110880, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUL 27 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 4 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(01)00438-1 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 454TG UT WOS:000169987400006 PM 11423187 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD Johnston, B AF Shelton, JD Johnston, B TI Condom gap in Africa: evidence from donor agencies and key informants SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Ctr Populat Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Futures Grp Int, Populat Hlth & Nutr Informat Project, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Ctr Populat Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 3 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD JUL 21 PY 2001 VL 323 IS 7305 BP 139 EP 139 DI 10.1136/bmj.323.7305.139 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 456WR UT WOS:000170106200015 PM 11463681 ER PT J AU Razafimanjato, JY Randriamanjakasoa, JH Rabeza, VR Rakotondrajaona, NH Allman, J AF Razafimanjato, JY Randriamanjakasoa, JH Rabeza, VR Rakotondrajaona, NH Allman, J TI The demographic situation of Madagascar SO POPULATION LA French DT Article C1 INSTAT, Direct Demog & Stat Sociales, Antananarivo, Malagasy Republ. USAID, Agence Amer Dev Int, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Razafimanjato, JY (reprint author), INSTAT, Direct Demog & Stat Sociales, Antananarivo, Malagasy Republ. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST NAT ETUD DEMOGRAPHIQUES PI PARIS CEDEX 14 PA 27 RUE DU COMMANDEUR, 75675 PARIS CEDEX 14, FRANCE SN 0032-4663 J9 POPULATION JI Population PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 56 IS 4 BP 657 EP 668 PG 12 WC Demography SC Demography GA 487ND UT WOS:000171880500006 ER PT J AU Mahan, SM Smith, GE Kumbula, D Burridge, MJ Barbet, AF AF Mahan, SM Smith, GE Kumbula, D Burridge, MJ Barbet, AF TI Reduction in mortality from heartwater in cattle, sheep and goats exposed to field challenge using an inactivated vaccine SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cowdria ruminantium; heartwater; inactivated vaccine; sheep; cattle; goats; field trials; Amblyomma hebraeum; Amblyomma variegatum; southern Africa ID COWDRIA-RUMINANTIUM INFECTION; AMBLYOMMA-HEBRAEUM; ELEMENTARY BODIES; ZIMBABWE; IMMUNIZATION; AGENT; ASSAY; TICKS; IMMUNITY; PROTEIN AB Inactivated vaccines for heartwater prepared with the commercially acceptable Montanide ISA 50 (ISA 50) adjuvant were field tested in Beer goats in Botswana, Angora goats in South Africa, and Merino sheep in Zambia and Zimbabwe. Two vaccines, one made using the Zimbabwean Mbizi isolate and the other using the respective local field isolate (Sunnyside in Botswana; Bathurst in South Africa; Lutale in Zambia), were tested at each site, except in Zimbabwe where only the Mbizi vaccine was tested. Compared with unvaccinated animals, the Mbizi vaccine significantly protected goats and sheep against field Amblyomma tick challenge in Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe (P = 0.018, 0.002 and 0.017, respectively), but failed to protect Angora goats in South Africa. However, in South Africa the vaccine prepared using the local field isolate Bathurst, induced significant protection (P = 0.008). The vaccines containing the local isolates at all other sites were less protective than the Mbizi vaccine. The Mbizi inactivated vaccine also significantly protected 17 of 21 cattle (P = 0.05) against heartwater challenge from held ticks in Zimbabwe. Against the same challenge only 7 of 21 unvaccinated control cattle survived. This study demonstrates that heartwater is a major constraint to upgrading livestock in endemic areas, and caused an overall mortality of 77.6% in naive sheep and goats (97 of 125 died) and 67% in cattle (14 of 21 died). In contrast, the vaccine had a protective effect by reducing the overall mortality in sheep and goats to 54.3% (113 of 208 died) and to 19% in cattle (4 of 21 died). (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Florida, USAID, SADC,Heartwater Res Project, Cent Vet Res & Diagnost Lab, Harare, Zimbabwe. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Mahan, SM (reprint author), Univ Florida, USAID, SADC,Heartwater Res Project, Cent Vet Res & Diagnost Lab, POB CY 551 Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN 28 PY 2001 VL 97 IS 4 BP 295 EP 308 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(01)00437-X PG 14 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 444UH UT WOS:000169418100006 PM 11390083 ER PT J AU Heath, SE Voeks, SK Glickman, LT AF Heath, SE Voeks, SK Glickman, LT TI Epidemiologic features of pet evacuation failure in a rapid-onset disaster SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EMERGENCY EVACUATION; SCALE; CATS AB Objective-To describe epidemiologic features of pet evacuation failure after a hazardous chemical spill in which residents had no warning and only a few hours notice to evacuate. Design-Cross-sectional study. Sample Population-Pet-owning households that evacuated from a hazardous chemical spill with (n = 119) or without (122) their pets. Procedures-Evacuees were surveyed by mail. Results-261 of 433 (60.3%) dogs and cats in 241 households were not evacuated. Of the 241 households, 119 (49.4%) evacuated with their pets, 98 (40.7%) evacuated without them but later attempted to rescue them, and 24 (10.0%) neither evacuated their pets nor attempted to rescue them. Pet evacuation failure was most common in households that thought the evacuated area was safe for pets. Risk of pet evacuation failure increased in households with many animals, low pet attachment and commitment scores, and low levels of preparedness. Cat evacuation failure was associated with not having cat carriers. Nearly 80% of households that evacuated with their pets found accommodation with friends and family. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Pet evacuation failure was common and jeopardized pets' health and well-being. Logistical challenges to transporting pets were substantial contributors to pet evacuation failure, whereas not knowing where to house a per was only a minor concern. Most pet owners seemed self-reliant and acted appropriately towards their pets. Such self-reliant behavior by pet owners should be encouraged prior to disasters as part of an evacuation plan for households. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Humane Soc Waupaca Cty, Waupaca, WI 54981 USA. RP Heath, SE (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 218 IS 12 BP 1898 EP 1904 DI 10.2460/javma.2001.218.1898 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 441MK UT WOS:000169234000019 PM 11417733 ER PT J AU Heath, SE Beck, AM Kass, PH Glickman, LT AF Heath, SE Beck, AM Kass, PH Glickman, LT TI Risk factors for pet evacuation failure after a slow-onset disaster SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL SHELTER; RELINQUISHMENT; COMMUNITY; CATS; DOGS AB Objective-To determine risk factors for pet evacuation failure during a flood. Design-Cross-sectional survey. Sample Population-203 pet-owning households in a flooded region. Procedures-Persons under evacuation notice because of a flood were interviewed by use of a random telephone survey. Results-102 households evacuated with their pets, whereas 101 households evacuated without their pets. low pet attachment and commitment scores were significantly associated with a greater chance of pet evacuation failure. Risk of pet evacuation failure and lower attachment and commitment scores were also associated with pet management practices prior to the disaster, such as dogs being kept outdoors most of the time or owners not having carriers for their cats. More than 90% of owners made housing arrangements for their pets without assistance. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Predictors of pet evacuation failure are usually present before a disaster strikes and are potentially modifiable. Mitigation of pet evacuation failure should locus on activities that reinforce responsible pet ownership and strengthen the human-animal bond, including socializing dogs; attending dog behavior training classes, transporting cats in nondisaster times, and seeking regular preventive veterinary care. Most pet owners are self-reliant in disasters, and this behavior should be encouraged. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Heath, SE (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 218 IS 12 BP 1905 EP 1910 DI 10.2460/javma.2001.218.1905 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 441MK UT WOS:000169234000020 PM 11417734 ER PT J AU Oyok, T Odonga, C Mulwani, E Abur, J Kaducu, F Akech, M Olango, J Onek, P Turyanika, J Mutyaba, I Luwaga, HRS Bisoborwa, G Kaguna, A Omaswa, FG Zaramba, S Okware, S Opio, A Amandua, J Kamugisha, J Mukoyo, E Wanyana, J Mugero, C Lamunu, M Ongwen, GW Mugaga, M Kiyonga, C Yoti, Z Olwa, A deSanto, M Lukwiya, M Bitek, P Louart, P Maillard, C Delforge, A Levenby, C Munaaba, E Lutwama, J Banonya, S Akol, Z Lukwago, L Tanga, E Kiryabwire, L AF Oyok, T Odonga, C Mulwani, E Abur, J Kaducu, F Akech, M Olango, J Onek, P Turyanika, J Mutyaba, I Luwaga, HRS Bisoborwa, G Kaguna, A Omaswa, FG Zaramba, S Okware, S Opio, A Amandua, J Kamugisha, J Mukoyo, E Wanyana, J Mugero, C Lamunu, M Ongwen, GW Mugaga, M Kiyonga, C Yoti, Z Olwa, A deSanto, M Lukwiya, M Bitek, P Louart, P Maillard, C Delforge, A Levenby, C Munaaba, E Lutwama, J Banonya, S Akol, Z Lukwago, L Tanga, E Kiryabwire, L CA Minist Hlth Markere Univ Regional Off Africa Country Off World Hlth Org Italian Cooperation Epicentre Med Sans Frontieres Hlth Canada Intl Comm Red Cross Catholic Relief Serv Off US Foreign Disaster Assistance US Agcy Int Dev Int Rescue Comm Italian Inst Hlth Inst Tropical Med Nagoya City Univ Univ Tokyo Natl Inst Infect Dis Kansai Airport Quarantine Stn Minist Hlth Labor Welf Natl Hlth Serv Public Hlth Lab Serv Natl Inst Virology Tropical Med Inst Natl Ctr Infect Dis CDC TI Outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever - Uganda, August 2000-January 2001 SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Reprint C1 Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. Gulu Hosp, Gulu, Uganda. Kiryandongo Hosp, Kiryandongo, Uganda. Masindi Hosp, Masindi, Uganda. St Marys Hosp, Gulu, Uganda. Uganda Red Cross Soc, Gulu Dist Br, Gulu, Uganda. Int Comm Red Cross, Gulu Dist Br, Gulu, Uganda. African Med Relief Fdn, Nairobi, Kenya. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. Makerere Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. Reg Off Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe. Country Off, Kampala, Uganda. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Italian Cooperat, Emergency Dept, Kampala, Uganda. Epictr, Paris, France. Med Sans Frontieres, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Med Sans Frontieres, Brussels, Belgium. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Int Comm Red Cross, Geneva, Switzerland. US Agcy Int Dev, Off US Foreign Disaster Assistance, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Int Rescue Comm, New York, NY USA. Italian Inst Hlth, Rome, Italy. Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Nagoya City Univ, Sch Med, Nagoya, Aichi 467, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Tokyo, Japan. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan. Minist Hlth Labor & Welf, Tokyo, Japan. Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Natl Hlth Serv, London, England. Sendai Quarantine Stn, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. Natl Inst Virol, Johannesburg, South Africa. Inst Trop Med, Hamburg, Germany. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oyok, T (reprint author), Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 137 IS 6 BP 839 EP 840 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 442EP UT WOS:000169272500044 ER PT J AU Ratzan, SC AF Ratzan, SC TI Health literacy: communication for the public good SO HEALTH PROMOTION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE communication; education; health literacy; integrated marketing communication; negotiation; social capital ID EDUCATION; PROMOTION; MODELS AB This article builds upon a presentation at the Fifth Global Health Conference on Health Promotion (Mexico City, 9 June 2000), seeking to advance the development of health literacy through effective communication. First, it offers a timely reflection for health promotion epistemology in particular, and the potential approach to framing health promotion activities in general, with health literacy os a bridging concept. The concept of health literacy is briefly explained and defined, followed by identification of some promising communication interventions to diffuse health literacy. Four predominant areas within the communication field are described that shed light on approaches for developing health literacy: integrated marketing communication, education, negotiation and social capital Each component can contribute to strategic science-based communication. Finally the article elucidates that communication and developing health literacy are not simple solutions. Communication is not simply message repetition, but includes the development of an environment for community involvement to espouse common values of humankind With effective communication, worldwide health literacy can become a reality in the 21st century, embodying health as a central tenet of human life. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Global Bur, Ctr Populat Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Ratzan, SC (reprint author), 2828 Ellicott St NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. NR 21 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0957-4824 J9 HEALTH PROMOT INT JI Health Promot. Int. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 16 IS 2 BP 207 EP 214 DI 10.1093/heapro/16.2.207 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 442JH UT WOS:000169281100011 PM 11356759 ER PT J AU Senlet, P Cagatay, L Ergin, J Mathis, J AF Senlet, P Cagatay, L Ergin, J Mathis, J TI Bridging the gap: Integrating family planning with abortion services in Turkey SO INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAID, Ankara, Turkey. AVSC Int, Ankara, Turkey. EngenderHlth, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Senlet, P (reprint author), USAID, Ankara, Turkey. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 0162-2749 J9 INT FAM PLAN PERSPEC JI Int. Fam. Plan. Perspect. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 27 IS 2 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.2307/2673821 PG 6 WC Demography; Family Studies; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Family Studies; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 432AB UT WOS:000168663000007 ER PT J AU Bulut, A Ortayli, N Ringheim, K Cottingham, J Farley, TMM Peregoudov, A Joanis, C Palmore, S Brady, M Diaz, J Ojeda, G Ramos, R AF Bulut, A Ortayli, N Ringheim, K Cottingham, J Farley, TMM Peregoudov, A Joanis, C Palmore, S Brady, M Diaz, J Ojeda, G Ramos, R TI Assessing the acceptability, service delivery requirements, and use-effectiveness of the diaphragm in Colombia, Philippines, and Turkey SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE diaphragm; acceptability; use-effectiveness; health services; Columbia; the Philippines; Turkey ID ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE USE; WOMEN; EFFICACY AB The diaphragm is not available in many countries, despite the recommendations of numerous authors that it has important advantages as a woman-controlled method that offers some protection against sexually transmitted diseases, and one that is safe and free of side effects. An interagency tram collaborated to introduce the diaphragm in Colombia, the Philippines, and Turkey, using the same protocol to assess the acceptability, service delivery requirements and use-effectiveness of the method. Eighteen public and private sector service delivery sites were involved and a total of 550 women were enrolled in the study. Provider training aimed to improve the quality of care with which all methods were delivered and included counseling about sexuality and reproductive health risks. The cumulative 12-month pregnancy rare of 10.1 (SE 1.7) per 100 woman-years is on the low End of previous studies of the diaphragm, and the 12-month continuation rate (57.2 [SE 2.4] per 101) compares favorably with that for oral contraceptives and the intrauterine device. Focus group discussions conducted with clients and providers indicated that the method was an important alternative for some women, particularly those who had experienced health problems with other methods or were unable to negotiate condom use with their partners. Provider biases diminished as they observed the strategic niche that the diaphragm filled for their clients. While providing the diaphragm requires training and good client-provider interaction, the requirements are consistent with those called for in the Programme of Action of the international Conference on Population and Development (ICPD, 1994). With proper attention to quality of care, the diaphragm can be successfully offered in resource-poor settings. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 UNDP, UNFPA, WHO, World Bank Special Programme Res Dev & Res Traini, Geneva, Switzerland. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Family Hlth Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Populat Council, New York, NY 10021 USA. Profamilia, Bogota, Colombia. Reprod Hlth Philippines, Manila, Philippines. Univ Istanbul, Inst Child Hlth, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Cottingham, J (reprint author), UNDP, UNFPA, WHO, World Bank Special Programme Res Dev & Res Traini, Geneva, Switzerland. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD MAY PY 2001 VL 63 IS 5 BP 267 EP 275 DI 10.1016/S0010-7824(01)00204-9 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 452RE UT WOS:000169871900007 PM 11448468 ER PT J AU Danilova, I Mitunina, L Urastova, M Stoyunin, M Shapkin, V Oswald, G Afanasiev, N Erokhin, V Punga, V Vassilieva, I Grzemska, M Jakubowiak, W Kluge, H AF Danilova, I Mitunina, L Urastova, M Stoyunin, M Shapkin, V Oswald, G Afanasiev, N Erokhin, V Punga, V Vassilieva, I Grzemska, M Jakubowiak, W Kluge, H CA CDC TI Tuberculosis treatment interruptions - Ivanovo Oblast, Russian Federation, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 201-204, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Ivanovo TB Dispensary, Ivanovo, Russia. Oblast TB Hosp, Ivanovo, Russia. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Cent TB Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Danilova, I (reprint author), Ivanovo TB Dispensary, Ivanovo, Russia. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 18 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 15 BP 1953 EP 1954 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 420FY UT WOS:000167995900007 ER PT J AU Alm, J Aten, RH Bahl, R AF Alm, J Aten, RH Bahl, R TI Can Indonesia decentralise successfully? Plans, problems and prospects SO BULLETIN OF INDONESIAN ECONOMIC STUDIES LA English DT Article AB Indonesia is engaged in an unprecedented social and economic experiment. Responsibility for much government expenditure is being decentralised, largely to local (district) rather than to provincial governments. If this process is successful, the world's most centralised large country could become one of its most decentralised. This paper considers the issues arising as preparations for decentralisation are finalised, and as the socialisation of its plans and practices is considered by the central government, the People's Representative Council, the decentralised units of government, and the public. These issues were identified partly through interviews with local government officials. They include policy and administrative matters pet to be resolved, such as local budgeting, financial management and auditing practices, personnel decentralisation, local taxation borrowing by local governments, and the match between revenues and expenditures. A major theme is the importance of a continuing national and local discussion on the goals and processes of decentralisation. C1 Georgia State Univ, Andrew Young Sch Policy Studies, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. Georgia State Univ, Andrew Young Sch Policy Studies, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Alm, J (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Andrew Young Sch Policy Studies, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 14 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV RES SCH PACIFIC STUD PI CANBERRA PA DEPT ECON PO BOX 4, CANBERRA, 2601, AUSTRALIA SN 0007-4918 J9 B INDONES ECON STUD JI Bull. Indones. Econ. Stud. PD APR PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 83 EP 102 PG 20 WC Area Studies; Economics SC Area Studies; Business & Economics GA 429BU UT WOS:000168496800004 ER PT J AU Strickland, B AF Strickland, B TI "My grandfather's gun was called Field of Children": Ecological history as indictment of state development policy SO AFRICA TODAY LA English DT Article AB This ethnographic article tells a village's ecological history on the border of the South Luangwa National Park in eastern Zambia. It examines history-telling as a form of critique of state management of local hunting and wildlife in relation to the development of health, education and agricultural services. It explores how villages construct political identities that are resistant to state policies as they commemorate the past in history-telling and local memorials. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Africa Bur Educ Team, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Strickland, B (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Africa Bur Educ Team, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIANA UNIV PRESS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 601 N MORTON STREET, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47404-3797 USA SN 0001-9887 J9 AFR TODAY JI Afr. Today PD SPR PY 2001 VL 48 IS 1 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1353/at.2001.0021 PG 9 WC Area Studies; Political Science SC Area Studies; Government & Law GA 483WJ UT WOS:000171658600007 ER PT J AU Anderson, JB AF Anderson, JB TI Back to the drawing board SO FOREIGN AFFAIRS LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Anderson, JB (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COUNC FOREIGN RELAT INC PI NEW YORK PA 58 E 68TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0015-7120 J9 FOREIGN AFF JI Foreign Aff. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 80 IS 2 BP 189 EP 190 DI 10.2307/20050134 PG 2 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 405DJ UT WOS:000167142300016 ER PT J AU Oyok, T Odonga, C Mulwani, E Abur, J Kaducu, F Akech, M Olango, J Onek, P Turyanika, J Mutyaba, I Luwaga, HRS Bisoborwa, G Kaguna, A Omaswa, FG Zaramba, S Okware, S Opio, A Amandua, J Kamugisha, J Mukoyo, E Wanyana, J Mugero, C Lamunu, M Ongwen, GW Mugaga, M Kiyonga, C Yoti, Z Olwa, A deSanto, M Lukwiya, M Bitek, P Louart, P Maillard, C Delforge, A Levenby, C Munaaba, E Lutwama, J Banonya, S Akol, Z Lukwago, L Tanga, E Kiryabwire, L AF Oyok, T Odonga, C Mulwani, E Abur, J Kaducu, F Akech, M Olango, J Onek, P Turyanika, J Mutyaba, I Luwaga, HRS Bisoborwa, G Kaguna, A Omaswa, FG Zaramba, S Okware, S Opio, A Amandua, J Kamugisha, J Mukoyo, E Wanyana, J Mugero, C Lamunu, M Ongwen, GW Mugaga, M Kiyonga, C Yoti, Z Olwa, A deSanto, M Lukwiya, M Bitek, P Louart, P Maillard, C Delforge, A Levenby, C Munaaba, E Lutwama, J Banonya, S Akol, Z Lukwago, L Tanga, E Kiryabwire, L CA CDC TI Outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever - Uganda, August 2000-January 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, 73-77, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. Gulu Hosp, Gulu, Uganda. Masindi Hosp, Masindi, Uganda. Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. St Marys Hosp, Lacor, Gulu District, Uganda. Uganda Red Cross Soc, Gulu Dist Branch, Gulu, Uganda. African Med Relief Fdn, Gulu, Uganda. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. Makerere Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. Reg Off Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe. Country Off, Kampala, Uganda. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Italian Cooperat, Emergency Dept, Kampala, Uganda. Epictr, Paris, France. Med Sans Frontieres, Brussels, Belgium. Med Sans Frontiers, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Swiss Red Cross, Int Comm, Geneva, Switzerland. Catholic Relief Serv, Gulu, Uganda. US Agcy Int Dev, Off US Foreign Disaster Assistance, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Int Rescue Comm, New York, NY USA. Italian Inst Hlth, Rome, Italy. Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Nagoya City Univ, Sch Med, Nagoya, Aichi 467, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Tokyo, Japan. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan. Sendai Quarantine Stn, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. Minist Hlth Labor & Welf, Tokyo, Japan. Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Natl Hlth Serv, London, England. Natl Inst Virol, Johannesburg, South Africa. Inst Trop Med, Hamburg, Germany. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oyok, T (reprint author), Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 28 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 8 BP 1010 EP 1012 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 403ME UT WOS:000167046400010 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, JD TI Risk of clinical pelvic inflammatory disease attributable to an intrauterine device SO LANCET LA English DT Article AB Use of the intrauterine device (IUD) is avoided because of perceived risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) associated with sexually transmitted infections (STI). Calculation of the risk of clinical pelvic Inflammatory disease showed that the estimated risk was low (0.15%), even with a high STI prevalence. This estimated risk argues for making IUDs more available. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Ctr Populat Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Ctr Populat Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 5 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 10 PY 2001 VL 357 IS 9254 BP 443 EP 443 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04012-5 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 400HF UT WOS:000166865600017 PM 11273068 ER PT J AU Labbok, MH AF Labbok, MH TI Effects of breastfeeding on the mother SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA METHOD; EPITHELIAL OVARIAN-CANCER; FAMILY-PLANNING METHOD; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; BREAST-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; REPRODUCTIVE FACTORS; METHOD LAM; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES AB The impact of breastfeeding on the infant and child is well known. In the Literature on lactation, however, few articles discuss sequelae of breastfeeding in terms of the health of the mother. This review is intended to describe the impact on a woman's health of having breastfed a child or children. The role of breast development in response to pregnancy and lactation, and the multi-system impact of breastfeeding, logically would result in health sequelae for the mother. These unique aspects of maternal physiology, whether viewed as the fourth stage of labor or as normal female maturation, may change the woman's physiological milieu and her consequent health. Evaluation of the published research confirms that breastfeeding lowers the risk for premenopausal breast cancer and delays return of fertility post partum. Breastfeeding reduces lifetime menstrual blood loss. Furthermore, some studies indicate that breastfeeding might also reduce the risk for ovarian cancer, reduce the rate or severity of infections, reduce the risk for spinal and hip fracture after menopause, support bonding with the infant, and foster an improved sense of self-esteem and successful mothering. All sequelae noted in this last grouping remain substantially controversial because of difficulties in study design and inconsistent findings. C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Nutr & Maternal Hlth Div, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Labbok, MH (reprint author), 4707 Connecticut Ave,Apartment 301, Washington, DC 20008 USA. NR 79 TC 107 Z9 111 U1 3 U2 15 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0031-3955 J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 48 IS 1 BP 143 EP + DI 10.1016/S0031-3955(05)70290-X PG 17 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 405XC UT WOS:000167185000011 PM 11236722 ER PT J AU Duguma, B Gockowski, J Bakala, J AF Duguma, B Gockowski, J Bakala, J TI Smallholder Cacao (Theobroma cacao Linn.) cultivation in agroforestry systems of West and Central Africa: challenges and opportunities SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; environment; humid lowland forest; natural resources AB The cultural features, management practice, environmental sustainability, and economic profitability of smallholder cacao (Theobroma cacao) production in West and Central Africa are reviewed. The aim is to highlight factors affecting the cacao production and marketing sector and to propose appropriate strategies to ensure sustainable and profitable cacao production in the region. The cacao cultivation system causes minimum damage to soil resources. In terms of carbon sequestration and below- and above-ground bio-diversity, the cacao agroforest is superior to the alternative food crop production land use. The food crop production system is based on the practice of slash-and-burn farming, which, due to population pressure and reduced fallow cycle, is no longer sustainable. Economic profitability analysis of this system in Cameroon showed that, at current prices, even with no value assigned to the tree species, the sector could still be profitable. Based on the current review and our knowledge of West and Central Africa, there is an urgent need to: (a) rationalize and optimize arrangement of the various components in cacao agroforest, (b) domesticate high value and shade tolerant indigenous species such as Gnetum africanum and integrate into the system in order to enhance the system's diversity and profitability, (c) develop shade-tolerant and disease-resistant cacao varieties, (d) integrate small-stock production into the system, and (e) develop an enabling policy environment addressing cacao marketing, plant protection, land tenure and transformation of non-cacao primary products from the cacao agroforests. C1 IITA HFS, Yaounde, Cameroon. IRAD, Yaounde, Cameroon. IRAD ICRAF Humid Lowlands W Africa Res Program HU, ICRAF, Yaounde, Cameroon. RP Duguma, B (reprint author), USAID, AFR, SD, 1325 G St NW,Suite 400, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM bduguma@afr-sd.org NR 30 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PY 2001 VL 51 IS 3 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.1023/A:1010747224249 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 416XB UT WOS:000167804700001 ER PT J AU Schuchat, A Hillier, S Edwards, K Schrag, S Labbok, M AF Schuchat, A Hillier, S Edwards, K Schrag, S Labbok, M TI Early opportunities for prevention: Infections of pregnant women and young infants SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Magee Womens Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 SU S BP 532 EP 532 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 459BW UT WOS:000170230800011 PM 11485649 ER PT J AU Peter, TF O'Callaghan, CJ Medley, GF Perry, BD Semu, SM Mahan, SM AF Peter, TF O'Callaghan, CJ Medley, GF Perry, BD Semu, SM Mahan, SM TI Population-based evaluation of the Ehrlichia ruminantium MAP 1B indirect ELISA SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma; Ehrlichia ruminantium; rickettsia; heartwater; indirect MAP 1B ELISA; serology ID COWDRIA-RUMINANTIUM; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN; AMBLYOMMA-HEBRAEUM; CARRIER STATUS; FIELD SERA; HEARTWATER; INFECTION; ZIMBABWE; CATTLE AB The indirect MAP 1B ELISA based on the recombinant MAP 1B fragment of the immunodominant MAP 1 protein of Ehrlichia ruminantium is considered to be the most sensitive and specific assay for the serodiagnosis of heartwater. In this study, we evaluated its reliability in detecting exposure to E. ruminantium in field populations of domestic ruminants in Zimbabwe. Cattle and goat herds in endemically stable areas with high infection pressure and an expected close to 100% prevalence of E. ruminantium exposure were sampled. Bovine sera (858) and caprine sera (706) collected at seven locations representative of the two main production systems (communal lands and large scale commercial farms) in the two main agroecological zones of Zimbabwe (highveld and lowveld) were analysed. The prevalence of MAP 1B-specific antibodies in goats was similar and high, ranging from 67 to 100%, at all except one site (43%). Age-specific differences in goats (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 years) were not observed. In contrast, MAP 1B seroprevalence in cattle was significantly lower (P < 0.001), ranging from 46 to 61% in the lowveld communal area and from 24 to 33% in the remaining areas (P <0.001). Age-specific differences in seroprevalence (1, 2, 3, 4, 5-7 + years) were similarly not evident in cattle (P <0.15). Hence, the indirect MAP 1B ELISA may be an unreliable indicator of past exposure to heartwater in field-infected cattle in Zimbabwe. Although the reasons for this low response in field cattle are not fully understood, this study illustrates the need for field validation of the performance of new diagnostic tests prior to their use for epidemiological purposes. C1 UF, USAID, SADC, Heartwater Res Project, Harare, Zimbabwe. Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Ecol & Epidemiol Grp, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Mahan, SM (reprint author), UF, USAID, SADC, Heartwater Res Project, POB CY 551,Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe. RI Medley, Graham/B-7289-2008 OI Medley, Graham/0000-0002-0030-7278 NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PY 2001 VL 25 IS 10-11 BP 881 EP 897 DI 10.1023/A:1020424718957 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 599GL UT WOS:000178325700009 PM 12455878 ER PT J AU Israel, MS Lund, JR AF Israel, MS Lund, JR TI Priority preserving unit penalties in network flow modeling - Closure SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20001 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Israel, MS (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20001 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 127 IS 1 BP 68 EP 69 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2001)127:1(68) PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 383FU UT WOS:000165873100011 ER PT B AU Aten, RH AF Aten, RH BE Behrman, JR Dutta, M Husted, SL Sumalee, P Suthiphand, C Wiboonchutikula, P TI Imperfect competition and technology advance: Implications for Indonesian practice SO RESTRUCTURING ASIAN ECONOMICS FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM, VOLS 9A AND 9B SE RESEARCH IN ASIAN ECONOMIC STUDIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on a Macroeconomic Core of an Open Economy for Progressive Industrialization and Development of Asian Economies in the New Millennium CY DEC 16-18, 1998 CL BANGKOK, THAILAND SP Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Econ, Amer Comm Asian Econ Studies C1 EPSO, USAID, Jakarta, Indonesia. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAI-ELSEVIER SCI BV PI AMSTERDAM PA RADARWEG 29, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7623-0709-9 J9 RES ASIA ES PY 2001 VL 9A BP 791 EP 825 PG 35 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BT20V UT WOS:000172265300038 ER PT B AU Randolph, PF AF Randolph, PF BE Colletta, NJ Lim, TG KellesViitanen, A TI The Red Zone: Transition programming from conflict to peace SO SOCIAL COHESION AND CONFLICT PREVENTION IN ASIA: MANAGING DIVERSITY THROUGH DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Asian Regional Consultation on Social Cohesion and Conflict Management CY MAR 16-17, 2000 CL MANILA, PHILIPPINES SP Asian Dev Bank, World Bank C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Off Transit Initiat, Manila, Philippines. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 0-8213-4874-4 PY 2001 BP 452 EP 471 PG 4 WC Area Studies; Social Issues SC Area Studies; Social Issues GA BU13G UT WOS:000175125300016 ER PT J AU Brown, TL AF Brown, TL TI Local economic development and local taxation - Explaining differential tax burdens across Ukrainian local governments SO URBAN AFFAIRS REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; POLITICAL-ECONOMY; DECENTRALIZATION; FRAMEWORK; CAPACITY AB The author examines the orientation of Ukrainian local governments to their local economic development responsibilities and uses theory on local regimes, fiscal stress, and organizational capacity to explain differential tax burdens across local governments. Results of ordinary least squares regression on tax implementation by Ukrainian local governments in 1997 indicate that all three theories provide insight into the dynamics of local economic development and taxation. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Parliamentary Dev Project, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Brown, TL (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1078-0874 J9 URBAN AFF REV JI Urban Aff. Rev. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 36 IS 3 BP 406 EP 428 DI 10.1177/10780870122184911 PG 23 WC Urban Studies SC Urban Studies GA 379EP UT WOS:000165628200005 ER PT J AU Anderson, J Van Crowder, L AF Anderson, J Van Crowder, L TI The present and future of public sector extension in Africa: Contracting out or contracting in? SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article AB Public sector extension has come under increasing pressure to downsize and reform. Contracting out-the use of public sector funds to contract non-governmental and private service providers-is often held up as a potential tool in reform efforts. Much has been written about the possible advantages of contracting out of agricultural extension and it is being encouraged and promoted by numerous international organizations. However, a look at held experience in Africa shows that contracting out is relatively infrequent, especially compared with the reverse-contracting in-where private sector and non-governmental organizations finance public sector extension delivery. Case studies from Uganda and Mozambique indicate that on the ground attempts to come up with solutions to providing services to farmers are resulting in innovative contracting approaches and combined public and private institutional arrangements. Contracting in and public-private coalition approaches, in contrast to purely public sector extension (characterized by ineffectiveness and inefficiencies) and purely private for profit extension (which may ignore public goods and concerns), may help achieve extension services which are both demand led and which internalize public concerns such as environmental protection, food security and socio-economic equity. These coalition approaches can be improved and facilitated. They deserve greater analysis and may contribute to a better understanding of extension contracting and the rules of private and public organizations. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 UN, Food & Agr Org, Rome, Italy. RP Anderson, J (reprint author), USAID, AFR, SD, Suite 400,1325 G St NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0271-2075 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN DEVELOP JI Public Adm. Dev. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 20 IS 5 BP 373 EP 384 DI 10.1002/pad.149.abs PG 12 WC Planning & Development; Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 401LU UT WOS:000166929700002 ER PT J AU Valdes, V Labbok, MH Pugin, E Perez, A AF Valdes, V Labbok, MH Pugin, E Perez, A TI The efficacy of the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) among working women SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE lactational amenorrhea method (LAM); breastfeeding; working women; birth spacing; milk expression ID FAMILY-PLANNING METHOD; PROGRAM AB The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) for family planning among mothers who are separated from their infants by work. The study population, 170 urban middle class women who planned to return to work before 120 days postpartum, were interviewed monthly for 6 months postpartum and contacted at 12 months. The study population received clinical support for expressing their milk and exclusively breast-milk feeding the infants and for the use of LAM for birth spacing. The cumulative life table pregnancy rate by 6-month was 5.2%, with 3 pregnancies, one at each of months 4, 5, and 6. LAM for working women, as described in this article, might be associated with a higher pregnancy risk than LAM use among non-working women. Therefore, women using LAM should be informed that separation from the infant might increase their risk of pregnancy. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USAID, Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Bur Global Programs, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Catholic Univ Chile, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Santiago, Chile. Catholic Univ Chile, Sch Med, Dept Paediat, Santiago, Chile. RP Labbok, MH (reprint author), USAID, Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Bur Global Programs, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD NOV PY 2000 VL 62 IS 5 BP 217 EP 219 DI 10.1016/S0010-7824(00)00170-0 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 402FZ UT WOS:000166976500001 PM 11172791 ER PT J AU Peterson, AE Perez-Escamilla, R Labbok, MH Hight, V von Hertzen, H Van Look, P AF Peterson, AE Perez-Escamilla, R Labbok, MH Hight, V von Hertzen, H Van Look, P TI Multicenter study of the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) III: effectiveness, duration, and satisfaction with reduced client-provider contact SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding; fertility; family planning; natural planning; efficacy; client satisfaction ID FAMILY-PLANNING METHOD; ACCEPTABILITY; COUNTRIES; POLICY AB The objective of this effort was to assess the use and efficacy of the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) with reduced numbers of client-provider contacts. A co-sponsored multicenter study of LAM was performed to test the efficacy and acceptability of the method under "post-marketing" conditions, with investigator-initiated contact occurring only twice: at the time of intake and then again at month 7 of postpartum. These data are assumed to provide an assessment of LAM's use, efficacy, and performance that more closely reflects the prevailing conditions of these populations during normal use. Three hundred and sixty-two subjects were recruited through centers that had participated in the previous, more contact-intensive studies. Using a cooperatively developed protocol, data were gathered prospectively on at least 10 and up to 50 LAM accepters at nine sites, and entered and cleaned on site. Data were further cleaned and analyzed at the Georgetown University Institute for Reproductive Health (IRH) and the Department of Nutrition at the University of Connecticut. Using country-level and pooled data, descriptive statistics and life tables were produced. LAM efficacy in this sample is 100% because there were no pregnancies at any of the participating sites. Satisfaction with the method was high, and the rate of continuation on to another method after LAM was 66.7% at 7 months postpartum. Of the women who had never used family planning prior to LAM, 63.0% went on to use another method of family planning in a timely manner. LAM can be highly effective as an introductory postpartum family planning method when offered in a variety of cultures, health care settings, and industrial and developing country locales. Under conditions of limited client-provider contact, LAM remains effective and leads to acceptance of another method by about two-thirds of the accepters. Women are able to use LAM effectively without extensive counseling or follow-up, with a high level of user satisfaction. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Inst Reprod Hlth,Breastfeeding & MCH Div, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. WHO, Special Programme Res Dev & Res Training Huma, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Labbok, MH (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD NOV PY 2000 VL 62 IS 5 BP 221 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S0010-7824(00)00171-2 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 402FZ UT WOS:000166976500002 PM 11172792 ER PT J AU Nardin, EH Oliveira, GA Calvo-Calle, JM Castro, ZR Nussenzweig, RS Schmeckpeper, B Hall, BF Diggs, C Bodison, S Edelman, R AF Nardin, EH Oliveira, GA Calvo-Calle, JM Castro, ZR Nussenzweig, RS Schmeckpeper, B Hall, BF Diggs, C Bodison, S Edelman, R TI Synthetic malaria peptide vaccine elicits high levels of antibodies in vaccinees of defined HLA genotypes SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 28-DEC 02, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID FALCIPARUM CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; T-CELL EPITOPES; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; B-CELL; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; CONJUGATE VACCINE; MELANOMA PATIENTS; CS-PROTEIN; IMMUNOGENICITY AB A multiple antigen peptide (MAP) malaria vaccine containing minimal Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein repeat epitopes was assessed for safety and immunogenicity in volunteers of known class II genotypes. The MAP/alum/QS-21 vaccine formulation elicited high levels of parasite-specific antibodies in 10 of 12 volunteers expressing DQB1*0603, DRB1*0401, or DRB1*1101 class II molecules. In contrast, volunteers of other HLA genotypes were low responders or nonresponders. A second study of 7 volunteers confirmed the correlation of class II genotype and high responder phenotype. This is the first demonstration in humans that a peptide vaccine containing minimal T and B cell epitopes composed of only 5 amino acids (N, A, V, D, and P) can elicit antibody titers comparable to multiple exposures to irradiated P falciparum-infected mosquitoes. Moreover, the high-responder phenotypes were predicted by analysis of peptide/HLA interactions in vitro, thus facilitating the rational design of epitope-based peptide vaccines for malaria, as well as for other pathogens. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med & Mol Parasitol, New York, NY 10010 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Immunogenet Labs, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Maryland, Univ Hlth Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Nardin, EH (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med & Mol Parasitol, 341 E 25th St, New York, NY 10010 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-25085, N01-AI-45242, N01-AI-45251] NR 40 TC 103 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 182 IS 5 BP 1486 EP 1496 DI 10.1086/315871 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 368FA UT WOS:000090106000026 PM 11023472 ER PT J AU Byrom, B Obwolo, M Barbet, AF Mahan, SM AF Byrom, B Obwolo, M Barbet, AF Mahan, SM TI A polarized Th1 type immune response to Cowdria ruminantium infection is detected in immune DBA/2 mice SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CELLS IN-VITRO; GAMMA-INTERFERON; NITRIC-OXIDE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; FACTOR-ALPHA; EHRLICHIA-RISTICII; T-CELLS; ANTIRICKETTSIAL ACTIVITY; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES AB Immune responses to Cowdria ruminantium, an intracellular organism that causes heartwater in domestic ruminants, were characterized in a DBA/2 mouse model. immunity induced by infection and treatment was adoptively transferable by splenocytes and could be abrogated by in vivo depletion of T cells but not by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase using N-G-monomethyl-L-arginine. IgG2(a) and IgG2(b) C. ruminantium-specific responses were detected in immune mice. Culture supernatants of splenocytes from immune DBA/2 mice, which were stimulated with crude C. ruminantium antigens or recombinant major antigenic proteins 1 or 2, contained significant levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-6, but insignificant levels of IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), and nitric oxide. A similar response was detected during primary infection, although IFN-gamma levels decreased significantly during clinical illness and then increased following natural or antibiotic-aided recovery. These data support the conclusion that protective immunity to C. ruminantium in DBA/2 mice is mediated by T cells and is associated with a polarized T helper 1 type of immune response. This murine model could be utilized to screen for protective C. ruminantium antigens that provoke Th1 type immune responses and for evaluation of these antigens in recombinant vaccines against heartwater. C1 UF, USAID, SADC Heartweater Res Project, Cent Vet Diagnost & Res Lab, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Mahan, SM (reprint author), UF, USAID, SADC Heartweater Res Project, Cent Vet Diagnost & Res Lab, POB CY 551, Harare, Zimbabwe. NR 83 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 86 IS 5 BP 983 EP 992 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0983:APTTIR]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 365NQ UT WOS:000089957700017 PM 11128522 ER PT J AU Burridge, MJ Simmons, LA Simbi, BH Peter, TF Mahan, SM AF Burridge, MJ Simmons, LA Simbi, BH Peter, TF Mahan, SM TI Evidence of Cowdria ruminantium infection (Heartwater) in Amblyomma sparsum ticks found on tortoises imported into Florida SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; ZIMBABWE AB Amblyomma marmoreum and A. sparsum ticks were collected from tortoises imported into Florida from Africa and were tested for Cowdria ruminantium infection using a C. ruminantium-specific pCS20 polymerase chain reaction assay. In 1 shipment imported from Zambia, 15 of the 38 A. sparsum male ticks collected from the leopard tortoises (Geochelone pardalis) were found to be positive for infection with C. ruminantium. In contrast, all 148 A. marmoreum tested were negative fur C. ruminantium infection. This is the first reported evidence of the introduction of heartwater-infected ticks into the United States, but there were no opportunities to confirm isolation of C. ruminantium from the ticks by either culture or transmission studies. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. UF, USAID, SADC Heartwater Res Project, Cent Vet Lab,Diagnost & Res Branch, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Burridge, MJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, POB 110880, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 15 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1135 EP 1136 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 365NQ UT WOS:000089957700042 PM 11128494 ER PT J AU Weeks, RM Svetlana, F Noorgoul, S Valentina, G AF Weeks, RM Svetlana, F Noorgoul, S Valentina, G TI Improving the monitoring of immunization services in Kyrgyzstan SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article AB Following the disbanding of the Soviet Union in 1991, the government of Kyrgyzstan was unable to maintain the previous level of health services. To revitalize the health services, the Ministry of Health (MOH) first focused on improving their immunization services, including the immunization component of the Health Management Information System (HMIS). Secondly, to increase immunization coverage, the MOH set as a priority the elimination of prescribing false contraindications to immunization. To accomplish both goals, the MOH updated the national immunization policies and established a more effective structure for managing immunization services. To support the MOH, the US Agency for International Development (USAID) Resources for Child Health (REACH) and Basic Support for institutionalizing Child Survival (BASICS) projects provided technical assistance through a resident coordinator and consultants, and by organizing an international seminar. The improvements extended beyond systems and forms, but, instead, emphasized monitoring by the frontline health worker and supervising the quality of health information. To accomplish their objectives, the MOH appointed a Working Group to define the problems, revise recordkeeping procedures, and develop monitoring tools. This group, representing both national and local levels, was composed of MOH epidemiologists, paediatricians and a management information specialist. To reduce the burden of excessive record-keeping and reporting requirements, the Working Group identified four key indicators for the service delivery level: (1) DPT3 immunization coverage rates for children less than 1 year of age; (2) contraindication rates for DPT; (3) usage of DPT vaccine; and (4) daily refrigerator temperatures. Additional indicators were included at district and provincial levels. After a successful 1-year trial, the MOH implemented the revised HMIS nationally. Not only did the quality of the information system improve, but the new approach provided visible evidence, from facility to national levels, that the MOH was approaching their objective of reducing contraindication rates for DPT immunizations to 5% or less, and that vaccine wastage could be substantially reduced. The project demonstrated that giving health workers the basic epidemiologic skills to monitor their own work measurably improved the quality of the data, and by acquiring the new skills, the workers developed a sense of pride in their work. C1 BASICS Project, USAID, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Weeks, RM (reprint author), BASICS Project, USAID, 1600 Wilson Blvd,Suite 300, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1080 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 IS 3 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.1093/heapol/15.3.279 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 355MZ UT WOS:000089390600006 PM 11012402 ER PT J AU Smith, JB Coleman, NA Fortney, JA Johnson, JD Blumhagen, DW Grey, TW AF Smith, JB Coleman, NA Fortney, JA Johnson, JD Blumhagen, DW Grey, TW TI The impact of traditional birth attendant training on delivery complications in Ghana SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY AB Objectives: In their efforts to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, many national and international agencies make considerable investments in training traditional birth attendants (TBAs). The value of TEA training is controversial, and plausible arguments are made both for and against. Numerous process evaluations are reported in the literature and the results are mixed, though generally positive. Outcome evaluations, however, are scarce. This article describes an outcome evaluation of TEA training conducted in two districts of Brong-Ahafo Region, Ghana, during 1996. Design and methods: Data from a random sample survey of 1961 clients of TBAs were subjected to logistic regression modelling to determine the effect of training on maternal outcomes, controlling for other independent variables. Results: Of eight outcomes modelled, three were associated with training and five were not. Three additional outcomes were not modelled, primarily due to low prevalence. Conclusions: Despite some inherent design limitations, this study found that the evidence for a beneficial impact of TEA training was not compelling. Training sponsors should consider alternative health investments and, where TEA training remains the intervention of choice, be realistic about expectations of impact. C1 Family Hlth Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Minist Hlth, Accra, Ghana. Save Children, Mangochi, Malawi. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Smith, JB (reprint author), Family Hlth Int, POB 13950,Res Triangle Pk Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 18 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1080 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 IS 3 BP 326 EP 331 DI 10.1093/heapol/15.3.326 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 355MZ UT WOS:000089390600012 PM 11012408 ER PT J AU Guerrant, RL Lima, AAM Davidson, F AF Guerrant, RL Lima, AAM Davidson, F TI Micronutrients and infection: Interactions and implications with enteric and other infections and future priorities SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Micronutrients and Infectious Diseases CY SEP 16-17, 1999 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP Infectious Dis Soc Amer, Natl Inst Allergy & Infectious Dis, NIH, Off Dietary Supplements ID ASCARIS-LUMBRICOIDES INFECTIONS; CATCH-UP GROWTH; TRICHURIS-TRICHIURA; ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION; PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; SCHOOL-CHILDREN; VITAMIN-A; BANGLADESHI CHILDREN; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; PHYSICAL-FITNESS AB Symposium presentations have focused on the elegant molecular science and the biologic mechanisms by which micronutrients play critical roles in cellular and humoral immune responses, cellular signaling and function, and even in the evolution of microbial virulence. The concluding session examined the practical issues of how best to evaluate the nutritionally at-risk host, especially in the areas of greatest need-an analytical model of nutrient-immune interactions, implications of nutritional modulation of the immune response for disease, and the implications for international research and child health. This overview illustrated how malnutrition may be a major consequence of early childhood diarrhea and enteric infections, as enteric infections may critically impair intestinal absorptive function with potential longterm consequences for growth and development. The potentially huge, largely undefined DALY (disability-adjusted life years) impact of early childhood diarrheal illnesses demonstrates the importance of quantifying the long-term functional impact of largely preventable nutritional and infectious diseases, especially in children in developing areas. C1 Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Div Geog & Int Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Fed Univ Ceara, Clin Res Unit, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Guerrant, RL (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Div Geog & Int Med, Box 801379, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI30639, AI26512] NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 182 SU 1 BP S134 EP S138 DI 10.1086/315924 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 356AF UT WOS:000089420200021 PM 10944495 ER PT J AU Severy, LJ Spieler, J AF Severy, LJ Spieler, J TI New methods of family planning: Implications for intimate behavior SO JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION; VAGINAL RING; TRANSMISSION; EFFICACY; COUPLES; TRIAL AB Developing new technology in contraception and family planning methods invites the question as to whether it is possible that these methods might facilitate or enhance sexual pleasure of couples. Advances in vaginal rings, microbicides and spermicides, female condoms, male condoms, and emergency contraception are reviewed from the perspective of behavioral implications Further; preliminary data from assessments of PERSONA acceptability are presented to demonstrate that family planning methods can impact intimate behavior. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Severy, LJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, POB 112250, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC SCIENTIFIC STUDY SEX INC PI MT VERNON PA PO BOX 208, MT VERNON, IA 52314 USA SN 0022-4499 J9 J SEX RES JI J. Sex Res. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 37 IS 3 BP 258 EP 265 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 378QW UT WOS:000165595900008 ER PT J AU Nestel, P Davidson, F AF Nestel, P Davidson, F TI Consultative Meeting on Iron and Maternal Mortality in the Developing World - Proceedings of a meeting held at the International Life Sciences Institute, Washington, DC - July 6-7, 1998 - Introduction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 OMNI Res, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Off Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Nestel, P (reprint author), OMNI Res, 1616 N Ft Myer Dr,11th Floor, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 72 IS 1 SU S BP 209S EP 211S PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 331FC UT WOS:000088005800001 ER PT J AU Fleming van den Broek Caulfield Rush Yip West Kahn Bothwell AF Fleming van den Broek Caulfield Rush Yip West Kahn Bothwell TI Etiology of anemia in pregnancy in south Malawi - Discussion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID IRON C1 Kilmersdon Common Farmhouse, Bath BA3 5QB, Somerset, England. Wellcome Trust Ctr Res, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Blantyre, Malawi. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Tufts Univ, Community Hlth & Pedita Epidemiol Program, HNRC, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Off Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Med, Sch Med, ZA-2193 Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Fleming (reprint author), Kilmersdon Common Farmhouse, Common Lane, Bath BA3 5QB, Somerset, England. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 72 IS 1 SU S BP 254S EP 256S PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 331FC UT WOS:000088005800006 ER PT J AU Eggleston, E Tsui, AO Fortney, J AF Eggleston, E Tsui, AO Fortney, J TI Assessing survey measures of infant birth weight and birth size in Ecuador SO JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of using maternal assessments of infant birth size as proxy measures for birth weight in Ecuador, a country in which a sizeable proportion of births take place at home, where birth weight is typically not recorded. Four thousand and seventy-eight women who experienced a live singleton birth between January 1992 and August 1994 were interviewed in the Ecuador Demographic and Maternal-Child Health Survey. All women were asked if their child was weighed at birth, his/her weight, and what they considered to be his/her birth size relative to other newborns. The consistency between birth size and birth weight measures was assessed, and the differences between infants with and without reported birth weights were explored. The authors conclude that maternal assessments of birth size are poor proxy indicators of birth weight. Estimates of low birth weight based on maternal assessments of birth size as very small should be recognized as underestimates of the actual prevalence of low birth weight. Moreover, infants for whom birth weights are missing should not be considered similar to those for whom weight was reported. Those without reported birth weights are more likely to be low birth weight. Thus, relying solely on reports of numeric birth weight will underestimate the prevalence of low birth weight. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Family Hlth Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Eggleston, E (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev Paraguay, Populat Leadership Program, 168 Shattuck Ave,Suite 300, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU GALTON FOUNDATION PI COLCHESTER PA P O BOX 32 COMMERCE WAY, COLCHESTER, ESSEX, ENGLAND CO2 8HP SN 0021-9320 J9 J BIOSOC SCI JI J. Biosoc. Sci. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 32 IS 3 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.1017/S0021932000003734 PG 10 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 335FG UT WOS:000088232700007 PM 10979230 ER PT J AU Pentecostes, JU AF Pentecostes, JU TI The Health Belief Model and the self-construal: Implications for health behavior interventions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PD JUN-AUG PY 2000 VL 35 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 263 EP 263 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 337XP UT WOS:000088388802583 ER PT J AU Peter, TF Burridge, MJ Mahan, SM AF Peter, TF Burridge, MJ Mahan, SM TI Competence of the African tortoise tick, Amblyomma marmoreum (Acari : Ixodidae), as a vector of the agent of heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLONED DNA PROBE; WILD ANIMALS; VARIEGATUM TICKS; NATIONAL-PARK; SOUTH-AFRICA; INFECTION; HEBRAEUM; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TRANSMISSION; PARASITES AB The ability of the African tortoise tide, Amblyomma marmoreum to acquire and transmit Cowdria ruminantium infection was investigated experimentally with transmission trials and with a C. ruminantium-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection assay. Laboratory-reared A. marmoreum larvae and nymphs were fed on small ruminants with clinical heartwater. After molting, the resultant nymphs were fed on Cowdria ruminantium-naive sheep (n = 3). and the adults were ground and inoculated intravenously into sheep (n = 5). Fatal heartwater developed in the 5 recipient animals. demonstrating larvae-nymph transmission and nymph-adult acquisition of infection. Cowdria ruminantium infection was also detected in adult A. marmoreum by PCR analysis, although at lower frequency (10%) than in Amblyomma hebraeum ticks (43%), the major vector of C. ruminantium in southern Africa. which had been fed simultaneously on the infected animals (P < 0.0001). Amblyomma marmoreum therefore, can be an effective vector of C. ruminantium. The potential role of this species in heartwater epidemiology and in the spread of the disease to new areas is highlighted by these results and by the fact that immature stages of this tick feed readily on domestic and wild animals susceptible to C. ruminantium. C1 Univ Florida, USAID, SADC Heartwater Res Project, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Burridge, MJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, POB 110880, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 86 IS 3 BP 438 EP 441 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0438:COTATT]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 322KH UT WOS:000087508400004 PM 10864237 ER PT J AU Al-Saigul, AM Fontaine, RE Haddad, Q AF Al-Saigul, AM Fontaine, RE Haddad, Q TI Nosocomial malaria from contamination of a multidose heparin container with blood SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A girl developed Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, a non-malarious area. Twelve to 18 days before onset, she had been hospitalized for asthma on the same ward as three malaria patients. The only link between the malaria patients and the asthma patient was a multidose heparin container used to fill syringes for use on heparin locks and intravenous devices. Contamination of the heparin with blood occurred on at least one occasion when a needle had been left in place through the septum of this container and was used to refill a used syringe. C1 Minist Hlth, Saudi Arabian Field Epidemiol Training Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ctr Dis Control, Div Int Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Secur Forces Hosp, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RP Fontaine, RE (reprint author), USAID, Unit 70206, APO, AE 09892 USA. NR 7 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 21 IS 5 BP 329 EP 330 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 314AC UT WOS:000087031100013 PM 10823566 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Walduck, A Sullivan, JS Andrews, K Stowers, A Morris, CL Jennings, V Yang, CF Kendall, J Lin, QH Martin, LB Diggs, C Saul, A AF Collins, WE Walduck, A Sullivan, JS Andrews, K Stowers, A Morris, CL Jennings, V Yang, CF Kendall, J Lin, QH Martin, LB Diggs, C Saul, A TI Efficacy of vaccines containing rhoptry-associated proteins RAP1 and RAP2 of Plasmodium falciparum in Saimiri boliviensis monkeys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INHIBITORY MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MULTIPLE ANTIGEN CONSTRUCT; MEROZOITE SURFACE-ANTIGEN; AOTUS-NANCYMAI MONKEYS; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; OWL MONKEYS; IMMUNIZATION; ADJUVANT; IMMUNOGENICITY; EPITOPES AB A vaccine trial was conducted with rhoptry-associated proteins 1 and 2 (RAP1 and RAP2) of Plasmodium falciparum in Saimiri boliviensis monkeys to compare the ability of parasite-derived (PfRAP1 and 2) and recombinant proteins (rRAP1 and 2) to induce protective immune responses and to find adjuvants suitable for use in humans. Eight groups of 6 monkeys each were immunized with parasite-derived or recombinant RAP1 and 2 with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) followed by Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA), Montanide ISA720 adjuvant, or CRL1005 adjuvant. Recombinant RAP1 and RAP2 were also administered separately, with Montanide ISA720. After 3 immunizations, monkeys were challenged by iv inoculation of 50,000 parasites of the Uganda Pale Alto strain of P. falciparum. Of the animals vaccinated using FCA/FIA, I of 6 control monkeys, 3 of 6 immunized with PfRAP1 and 2, and 2 of 6 with rRAP1 and 2 did not require drug treatment. Of the monkeys vaccinated with Montanide ISA720 adjuvant, 0 of the 6 control monkeys, 2 of 6 immunized with RAP1 and 2, 1 of 6 immunized with rRAP1, and 4 of 6 immunized with RAP2 did not require drug treatment. Two of 6 monkeys immunized with PfRAP1 and 2 with CRL1005 did not require treatment. All groups receiving RAP1, RAP2, or both had a significant decrease in initial parasite multiplication rates and there was a significant negative correlation between anti-RAP2 antibody and multiplication rates. Animals were rechallenged with the homologous parasite 126 days after the first challenge. Of the monkeys that did not require drug treatment after the first challenge, none developed detectable parasitemia following rechallenge. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Queensland Inst Med Res, Commonwealth Res Council Vaccine Technol, Malaria & Arbovirus Unit, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia. Queensland Inst Med Res, Australian Ctr Int Trop Hlth & Nutr, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia. Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. US Agcy Int Dev, Off Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mailstop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Andrews, Katherine/F-9586-2011; Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013; Saul, Allan/I-6968-2013; Martin, Laura/N-1789-2013; OI Andrews, Katherine/0000-0002-1591-8979; Saul, Allan/0000-0003-0665-4091; Martin, Laura/0000-0002-4431-4381; Walduck, Anna/0000-0002-9624-4370 NR 38 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2000 VL 62 IS 4 BP 466 EP 479 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 401TX UT WOS:000166945300009 PM 11220762 ER PT J AU Dilley, M AF Dilley, M TI Reducing vulnerability to climate variability in Southern Africa: The growing role of climate information SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; OSCILLATION AB Since the devastating southern Africa drought of 1991/92 awareness has grown of the potential to better manage climate variability in the region through seasonal climate forecasting and monitoring of El Nino and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO). While other factors besides ENSO affect southern Africa's climate, and climate forecasting for the region is not based exclusively on ENSO, a major El Nino beginning in 1997 captured the attention of policy-makers and the public. Awareness of drought risks associated with the 1997/98 event was greater than during previous El Ninos in 1991/92 and 1994/95. Mitigation and planning efforts also began earlier, with drought early warnings widely available and being taken seriously prior to the 1997/98 agricultural season. Actions taken include issuance of guidance to the public, on-going monitoring and preparedness efforts including the development of national preparedness plans in some countries, pre-positioning of food stocks, donor coordination, and greater reliance on the private-sector for meeting regional food needs. Although 1998 regional crop production was slightly below average, a major drought did not materialize. Nonetheless the experience is likely to ultimately strengthen capacity within the region to manage climate variability over the long term. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Off US Foreign Disaster Assistance, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Disaster Management Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Dilley, M (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off US Foreign Disaster Assistance, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 26 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD APR PY 2000 VL 45 IS 1 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1023/A:1005636932536 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 323WX UT WOS:000087588900006 ER PT J AU Sonenshine, DE Allan, SA Peter, TF McDaniel, R Burridge, MJ AF Sonenshine, DE Allan, SA Peter, TF McDaniel, R Burridge, MJ TI Does geographic range affect the attractant-aggregation-attachment pheromone of the tropical bont tick, Amblyomma variegatum ? SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma variegatum; pheromone; tick; geographic range; heartwater ID COWDRIA-RUMINANTIUM; INTRODUCING HEARTWATER; AMERICAN MAINLAND; A-VARIEGATUM; IXODIDAE; HEBRAEUM; ACARI; COMPONENTS; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The tropical bont tick, Amblyomma variegatum, transmits heartwater in sub-Saharan Africa and in the Caribbean. This species has a broad geographic distribution, ranging from Madagascar and other islands in the Indian Ocean through most of sub-Saharan Africa, to several islands in the eastern Caribbean Sea. Blood fed male A. variegatum secrete an attraction-aggregation-attachment (AAA) pheromone which, combined with CO2, excites host finding and formation of feeding clusters of these ticks. However, it is not known whether the composition of the pheromone varies throughout A. variegatum's geographic range. Extracts of fed male ticks were examined for phenols and volatile organic acids by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to determine whether differences occur in the pheromone components of populations of this species across the geographic range (Guadeloupe, Zimbabwe, Zambia and Rwanda). No significant difference in the chemical composition of the pheromone in relation to geographic range was found. No significant differences in rates of attachment in response to native versus foreign extracts were found in on-host attachment tests comparing ticks from two countries, Guadeloupe (Caribbean) and Zimbabwe (African). This finding was confirmed in more detailed studies with ticks from Guadeloupe and four African countries (Kenya, Rwanda, Zambia and Zimbabwe). On-host attachment assays from these countries did not detect consistent differences in response to extracts from different locations. In an olfactometer bioassay, females were not consistently more attracted to extracts from their native locality than from any of the foreign localities. We conclude that despite the widespread distribution of A. variegatum over both hemispheres, no significant differences in pheromone composition or biological responses to male tick pheromone secretions occur. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Florida, USAID, SADC Heartwater Res Project, Vet Res Lab, Harare, Zimbabwe. Old Dominion Univ, Appl Marine Res Lab, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Sonenshine, DE (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 24 IS 4 BP 283 EP 299 DI 10.1023/A:1006479118160 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 352WX UT WOS:000089243300004 PM 11110239 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Collins, W Egan, A Yadava, A Garraud, O Blackman, MJ Guevara-Patino, JA Diggs, C Kaslow, DC AF Kumar, S Collins, W Egan, A Yadava, A Garraud, O Blackman, MJ Guevara-Patino, JA Diggs, C Kaslow, DC TI Immunogenicity and efficacy in Aotus monkeys of four recombinant Plasmodium falciparum vaccines in multiple adjuvant formulations based on the 19-kilodalton C terminus of merozoite surface protein 1 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PROTECTIVE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ERYTHROCYTE INVASION; MALARIA; FRAGMENT; IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODIES; YOELII; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of four versions of recombinant C-terminal 19-kDa epidermal growth factor-like region of the major surface protein 1 (rMSP1(19)) of Plasmodium falciparum was studied in Aotus monkeys. Vaccination with each of the four rMSP1(19) constructs elicited high levels of antibodies to MSP1(19) but only one construct, the 19-kDa fragment expressed as a secreted fusion protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yP30P2MSP1(19)), induced a high degree of protective immunity in Aotus nancymai against lethal P. falciparum challenge. Protective formulation required Freund's adjuvant; vaccination with yP30P2MSP1(19) in six other adjuvants that are suitable for human use induced lower levels of antibody response and no protection. These results emphasize the need to continue the search for an adjuvant that is comparable to Freund's adjuvant in potency and is safe for use in humans. C1 NIH, Parasit Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Med Res, Div Parasitol, London NW7 1AA, England. US Agcy Int Dev, Malad Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 25 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2000 VL 68 IS 4 BP 2215 EP 2223 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.4.2215-2223.2000 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 296EP UT WOS:000086010300063 PM 10722622 ER PT J AU Peter, TF Barbet, AF Alleman, AR Simbi, BH Burridge, MJ Mahan, SM AF Peter, TF Barbet, AF Alleman, AR Simbi, BH Burridge, MJ Mahan, SM TI Detection of the agent of heartwater, Cowdria ruminantium, in Amblyomma ticks by PCR: Validation and application of the assay to field ticks SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; CLONED DNA PROBE; EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS; RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN; VARIEGATUM TICKS; INFECTION-RATE; HEBRAEUM; ZIMBABWE; RICKETTSIALES; TRANSMISSION AB We have previously reported that the pCS20 PCR detection assay for Cowdria ruminantium, the causative agent of heartwater disease of ruminants, is more sensitive than xenodiagnosis and the pCS20 DNA probe for the detection of infection in the vector Amblyomma ticks. Here, we further assessed the reliability of the PCR assay and applied it to field ticks. The assay detected DNA of 37 isolates of C. ruminantium originating from sites throughout the distribution of heartwater and had a specificity of 98% when infected ticks were processed concurrently with uninfected ticks. The assay did not detect DNA of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, which is closely related to C, ruminantium. PCR sensitivity varied with tick infection intensity and was high (97 to 88%) with ticks bearing 10(7) to 10(4) organisms but dropped to 61 and 28%, respectively, with ticks bearing 10(3) and 10(2) organisms. The assay also detected C, ruminantium in collections of Amblyomma hebraeum and Amblyomma variegatum field ticks from 17 heartwater-endemic sites in four southern African countries. Attempts at tick transmission of infection to small ruminants failed with four of these collections. The pCS20 PCR assay is presently the most characterized and reliable test for C. ruminantium in ticks and thus is highly useful for field and laboratory epidemiological investigations of heartwater. C1 Univ Florida, USAID, SADC, Heartwater Res Project, Harare, Zimbabwe. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Mahan, SM (reprint author), Univ Florida, USAID, SADC, Heartwater Res Project, POB CY 551, Harare, Zimbabwe. NR 62 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1539 EP 1544 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 301GN UT WOS:000086302500041 PM 10747140 ER PT J AU Stover, J Bertrand, JT Shelton, JD AF Stover, J Bertrand, JT Shelton, JD TI Empirically based conversion factors for calculating couple-years of protection SO EVALUATION REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA METHOD; NORPLANT IMPLANTS; INTRAUTERINE-DEVICES; SEXUAL INTERCOURSE; 3-YEAR EVALUATION; CONTRACEPTION; EXPERIENCE; BEHAVIOR; PROGRAM; COITUS AB Couple-years of protection (CYP) is one of several commonly used indicators to assess international family planning efforts. It has been the subject of much debate, relating in part to the specific conversion factors used to translate the quantity of the respective contraceptive methods distributed to a single measure of protection. This article outlines a comprehensive effort to revisit those conversion factors based on the best available empirical evidence. In most instances, the analysis supports previously established standard conversion factors. However there are two notable departures. Fewer condoms and spermicides are recommended for each CYP (120 vs. 150), primarily because coital frequency among condom users is lower than previously assumed. Furthermore, for sterilization, the authors recommend the use of country or region-specific conversion factors. Every program evaluation indicator has strengths and weaknesses, and the best program evaluation efforts use a variety of indicators. If CYP is used to evaluate programs, however the authors believe that the conversion factors presented reflect the best available evidence. C1 Futures Grp Int, Glastonbury, CT USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Int Hlth & Dev, New Orleans, LA USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Stover, J (reprint author), Futures Grp Int, Glastonbury, CT USA. NR 81 TC 10 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0193-841X J9 EVALUATION REV JI Eval. Rev. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 24 IS 1 BP 3 EP 46 PG 44 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 280VB UT WOS:000085123500001 PM 10747769 ER PT J AU Dittmann, S Wharton, M Vitek, C Ciotti, M Galazka, A Guichard, S Hardy, I Kartoglu, U Koyama, S Kreysler, J Martin, B Mercer, D Ronne, T Roure, C Steinglass, R Strebel, P Sutter, R Trostle, M AF Dittmann, S Wharton, M Vitek, C Ciotti, M Galazka, A Guichard, S Hardy, I Kartoglu, U Koyama, S Kreysler, J Martin, B Mercer, D Ronne, T Roure, C Steinglass, R Strebel, P Sutter, R Trostle, M TI Successful control of epidemic diphtheria in the states of the former union of soviet socialist republics: Lessons learned SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESURGENCE; RUSSIA AB Epidemic diphtheria reemerged in the Russian Federation in 1990 and spread to all Newly Independent States (NIS) and Baltic States by the end of 1994. Factors contributing to the epidemic included increased susceptibility of both children and adults, socioeconomic instability, population movement, deteriorating health infrastructure, initial shortages of vaccine, and delays in implementing control measures. In 1995, aggressive control strategies were implemented, and since then, all affected countries have reported decreases of diphtheria; however, continued efforts by national health authorities and international assistance are still needed. The legacy of this epidemic includes a reexamination of the global diphtheria control strategy, new laboratory techniques for diphtheria diagnosis and analysis, and a model for future public health emergencies in the successful collaboration of multiple international partners. The reemergence of diphtheria warns of an immediate threat of other epidemics in the NIS and Baltic States and a longer-term potential for the reemergence of vaccine-preventable diseases elsewhere. Continued investment in improved vaccines, control strategies, training, and laboratory techniques is needed. C1 WHO, Reg Off Europe, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Int Federat Red Cross & Red Crescent Soc, Geneva, Switzerland. UN Childrens Fund UNICEF, Geneva, Switzerland. UNICEF, Almaty, Kazakhstan. Minist Foreign Affairs, NIS Assistance Div, Tokyo, Japan. Program Appropriate Technol Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. Basic Support Institutionalizing Child Survival, Arlington, VA USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Dittmann, S (reprint author), Int Immunizat Consulting, Hatzenporter Weg 19, D-12681 Berlin, Germany. NR 56 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 181 SU 1 BP S10 EP S22 DI 10.1086/315534 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 293LV UT WOS:000085854000003 PM 10657185 ER PT J AU Mahan, SM Peter, TF Simbi, BH Kocan, K Camus, E Barbet, AF Burridge, MJ AF Mahan, SM Peter, TF Simbi, BH Kocan, K Camus, E Barbet, AF Burridge, MJ TI Comparison of efficacy of American and African Amblyomma ticks as vectors of heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium) infection by molecular analyses and transmission trials SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLONED DNA PROBE; INTRODUCING HEARTWATER; VARIEGATUM TICKS; POTENTIAL ROLE; HEBRAEUM; CATTLE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RICKETTSIALES; MAINLAND; IXODIDAE AB The ability of Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyomma maculatum, and Amblyomma variegatum to acquire and transmit Cowdria ruminantium infection was investigated. Uninfected nymphs were fed on clinically reacting C. ruminantium-infected sheep and then analyzed for infection by specific DNA detection assays and by tick transmission trials. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the mean infection prevalence of A. maculatum ticks (50.7%) was similar to that of A. variegatum, Elevage strain (43.5%; P = 0.83) and Petit Bourg strain (45.9%; P = 0.26) ticks. Though Amblyomma hebraeum were not tested by PCR, by DNA probe their infection prevalence was 94%. In contrast, A. americanum and A. cajennense ticks demonstrated very low susceptibility to C.,ruminantium, and the prevalence of infection by PCR was approximately 1%. The higher susceptibility of A. maculatum and A. variegatum to C. ruminantium correlated with superior Vector efficiency, depicted by similar prepatent periods and severity of disease transmissions to sheep. Amblyomma americanum and A. cajennense failed to transmit infection, confirming that low susceptibility to C. ruminantium correlates with the poor vector status of these species. These results highlight the importance of A. maculatum as a potential vector that is likely to play a major role in the establishment and maintenance of heartwater, if the disease were to be introduced to the U.S.A., Central, and South America. C1 Univ Florida, USAID, SADC, Heartwater Res Project,Cent Vet Diagnost & Res La, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Mahan, SM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Box 11080, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 29 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 86 IS 1 BP 44 EP 49 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0044:COEOAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 283DD UT WOS:000085260100008 PM 10701562 ER PT J AU Bloland, PB Ettling, M Meek, S AF Bloland, PB Ettling, M Meek, S TI Combination therapy for malaria in Africa: hype or hope? SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE malaria; drug therapy; transmission; drug combinations; antimalarials; pharmacology; drug resistance; forecasting; cross-cultural comparison ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; DRUG-RESISTANT MALARIA; ENTOMOLOGIC INOCULATION RATES; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; WESTERN KENYA; PRESUMPTIVE DIAGNOSIS; CHILDHOOD MALARIA; MATING PATTERNS; HOME TREATMENT AB The development of resistance to drugs poses one of the greatest th reals to malaria control, In Africa, the efficacy of readily affordable antimalarial drugs is declining rapidly, while highly efficacious drugs tend to be too expensive. Cost-effective strategies are needed to extend the useful life spans of antimalarial drugs. Observations in South-East Asia on combination therapy with artemisinin derivatives and mefloquine indicate that the development of resistance to both components is slowed down. This suggests the possibility of a solution to the problem of drug resistance in Africa, where, however, there are major obstacles in the way of deploying combination therapy effectively. The rates of transmission are relatively high, a large proportion of asymptomatic infection occurs in semi-immune persons, the use of drugs is frequently inappropriate and ill-informed, there is a general lack of laboratory diagnoses, and public health systems in sub-Saharan Africa are generally weak. Furthermore, the cost of combination therapy is comparatively high. We review combination therapy as used in South-East Asia and outline the problems that have to be overcome in order to adopt it successfully in sub-Saharan Africa. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Africa, Washington, DC 20523 USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Malaria Consortium, London WC1, England. RP Bloland, PB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 80 TC 108 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 6 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2000 VL 78 IS 12 BP 1378 EP 1388 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 393EH UT WOS:000166455900004 PM 11196485 ER PT B AU McVay, M AF McVay, M BE Levitsky, J TI Measuring BDS performance - a summary framework SO BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERVICES: A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Business Development Services CY MAR 02-03, 1999 CL RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL SP Comm Donor Agencies Small Enterprise Dev C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Microenterprise Best Practices Project, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERMEDIATE TECHNOLOGY PUBLICATIONS PI LONDON PA 103-105 SOUTHAMPTON ROW, LONDON WC1B 4HH, ENGLAND BN 1-85339-506-4 PY 2000 BP 314 EP 325 PG 12 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BT81F UT WOS:000174111600024 ER PT B AU Cohen, M AF Cohen, M BE Feinstein, O Picciotto, R TI Evaluating microfinance's impact: Going down market SO EVALUATION AND POVERTY REDUCTION: PROCEEDINGS FROM A WORLD BANK CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd World Bank Conference on Evaluation and Poverty Reduction CY JUN 14, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP World Bank Operat Evaluat Dept, World Bank Inst C1 USAID, Harare, Zimbabwe. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 0-8213-4684-9 PY 2000 BP 193 EP 203 PG 11 WC Social Issues SC Social Issues GA BS13C UT WOS:000168767300012 ER PT J AU Oakley, SM Pocasangre, A Flores, C Monge, J Estrada, M AF Oakley, SM Pocasangre, A Flores, C Monge, J Estrada, M TI Waste stabilization pond use in Central America: The experiences of El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Specialist Conference on Waste Stabilization Ponds CY APR 20-23, 1999 CL MARRAKECH, MOROCCO DE Central America; lagoons; operation and maintenance; ponds; sludge removal AB Within the last 15 years 34 waste stabilization pond systems have been built in Central America in the countries of El Salvador (8 systems), Honduras (12 systems), Guatemala (9 systems), and Nicaragua (8 systems); these systems were built for municipalities with populations ranging from 5,000 to 80,000 persons. There are 14 additional systems in the final design phase or under construction in the region, including the first designs for large cities: a 162 hectare facultative system for Managua, Nicaragua (population ( 1,000,000); and a 168 hectare system for San Pedro Sula, Honduras (population (640,000). Monitoring data from Honduras and Nicaragua show that treatment efficiency is generally comparable to tropical pond systems cited in the literature in other parts of the world, although fecal coliform removal has not been as good as theoretically predicted and the desludging of facultative ponds has been a significant operational cost. While waste stabilization ponds are generally considered the technology of choice for municipal wastewater treatment within Central America. theta are, nevertheless, problem areas that need to be addressed if waste stabilization pond use is to have continued acceptance and longterm sustainability. These areas of concern at the regional level are: i) design guidelines using parameters from data developed in Central America; ii) effluent guidelines that are realistic for pond effluents for reuse or surface water discharge; iii) monitoring programs focusing specifically on pathogen removal; iv) cost-effective grit removal and sludge removal from facultative ponds; v) improving designs for pathogen removal; vi) the need for centralized (El Salvador and Nicaragua) versus decentralized (Guatemala and Honduras) mechanisms for financing and operation and maintenance; vii) the development of comparative cost data for construction, operation and maintenance, pond desludging, and microbiological monitoring; and viii) the development of training programs for design, operation and maintenance, and monitoring. C1 Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Civil Engn, Chico, CA 95929 USA. Univ San Carlos, Reg Sch Sanitary Engn, Guatemala City, Guatemala. US Agcy Int Dev, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Natl Adm Water Supply & Sewerage, San Salvador, El Salvador. Nicaraguan Inst Water Supply & Sewerage, Managua, Nicaragua. RP Oakley, SM (reprint author), Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Civil Engn, Chico, CA 95929 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2000 VL 42 IS 10-11 BP 51 EP 58 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 387TZ UT WOS:000166139100008 ER PT J AU Curran, LM Caniago, I Paoli, GD Astianti, D Kusneti, M Leighton, M Nirarita, CE Haeruman, H AF Curran, LM Caniago, I Paoli, GD Astianti, D Kusneti, M Leighton, M Nirarita, CE Haeruman, H TI Impact of El Nino and logging on canopy tree recruitment in Borneo SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; RAIN-FOREST; INDONESIA; KALIMANTAN; EVENT; VARIABILITY; POLLINATION; BIOMASS AB Dipterocarpaceae, the dominant family of Bornean canopy trees, display the unusual reproductive strategy of strict interspecific mast-fruiting. During 1986-99, more than 50 dipterocarp species dispersed seed only within a 1- to 2-month period every 3 to 4 years during El Nino-Southern Oscillation events. Synchronous seed production occurred across extensive areas and was essential. for satiating seed predators. Logging of dipterocarps reduced the extent and intensity of these reproductive episodes and exacerbated Local El Nino conditions. Viable seed and seedling establishment have declined as a result of climate, Logging, and predators. Since 1991, dipterocarps have experienced recruitment failure within a national park, now surrounded by logged forest. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Nat Resource Management, Pontianak 78121, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Univ Tanjungpura, Dept Forestry, Pontianak 78121, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. WWF Indonesia, World Wide Fund Nat, Samarinda 75117, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Harvard Univ, Dept Anthropol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Wetlands Int Indonesia, Bogor 16002, Java, Indonesia. Natl Dev Planning Agcy, Jakarta 10310, Java, Indonesia. RP Curran, LM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Nat Sci Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 50 TC 186 Z9 202 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 10 PY 1999 VL 286 IS 5447 BP 2184 EP 2188 DI 10.1126/science.286.5447.2184 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 264AK UT WOS:000084157300060 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD Bradshaw, L Hussein, B Zubair, Z Drexler, T McKenna, MR AF Shelton, JD Bradshaw, L Hussein, B Zubair, Z Drexler, T McKenna, MR TI Putting unmet need to the test: Community-based distribution of family planning in Pakistan SO INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID BANGLADESH; SERVICES; MATLAB AB Context: Unmet need for family planning in the developing world, as measured through surveys, is high. But it is important to determine whether there is a significant level of dormant demand for actual contraceptive services waiting to be satisfied, especially in a country such as Pakistan, where efforts to promote family planning have been disappointing. Methods: Records from six household contraceptive distribution projects in Pakistan are used to determine contraceptive prevalence over 13-22-month periods. An independent professional team conducted an external evaluation, interviewing project supervisors fieldworkers and clients. Results: Contraceptive use increased dramatically in all six projects, from an average of 12% to 39% in less than two years. The external evaluation team found the contraceptive prevalence measurements to be generally accurate, but identified additional improvements in access and quality that might further increase contraceptive use. Conclusions: Increased use of contraceptives that result from improvements in service delivery confirm that a substantial unmet need exists. The evidence suggests that even greater improvements in access to and quality of services will further increase contraceptive use. C1 USAID, Ctr Populat Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC USA. USAID, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Pakistan Voluntary Hlth & Nutr Assoc, Karachi, Pakistan. Asia Fdn, Colombo, Sri Lanka. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), USAID, Ctr Populat Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 0162-2749 J9 INT FAM PLAN PERSPEC JI Int. Fam. Plan. Perspect. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 25 IS 4 BP 191 EP 195 DI 10.2307/2991884 PG 5 WC Demography; Family Studies; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Family Studies; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 263MC UT WOS:000084127600006 ER PT J AU Spieler, J AF Spieler, J TI Public/private-sector collaboration in contraceptive research and development: summary and historical perspective SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Public/Private-Sector Collaboration in Contraceptive Research and Development - A New Partnership CY MAR 29-APR 02, 1999 CL BELLAGIO, ITALY SP Rockefeller Fdn DE contraceptive research; collaboration; public sector; private sector; preferential pricing; memorandum of understanding AB This summary and historical perspective relates exclusively to contraceptive research and development during the period between the early 1970s and the present. This paper covers the raison d'etre for public/private-sector collaboration in this held, provides definitions and summarizes the issues motivating and confronting both sectors, discusses and outlines a generic memorandum of understanding (MOU) that can be used to initiate collaborative research activities, and presents a time line of selected milestones in public/private-sector collaboration, many of which were initiated by the Rockefeller Foundation. Public and private-sector collaboration takes advantage of the unique strengths of both sectors and offers good opportunities for a 'win-win' situation in product development. (C) 1999 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Ctr Populat Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Spieler, J (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Ctr Populat Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0020-7292 J9 INT J GYNECOL OBSTET JI Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 67 SU 2 BP S13 EP S22 DI 10.1016/S0020-7292(99)00142-3 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 276AW UT WOS:000084854300004 PM 10661737 ER PT J AU Keitel, WA Kester, KE Atmar, RL White, AC Bond, NH Holland, CA Krzych, U Palmer, DR Egan, A Diggs, C Ballou, WR Hall, BF Kaslow, D AF Keitel, WA Kester, KE Atmar, RL White, AC Bond, NH Holland, CA Krzych, U Palmer, DR Egan, A Diggs, C Ballou, WR Hall, BF Kaslow, D TI Phase I trial of two recombinant vaccines containing the 19kd carboxy terminal fragment of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein I (msp-1(19)) and T helper epitopes of tetanus toxoid SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE malaria vaccines; Plasmodium falciparum; merozoite surface protein ID MALARIA VACCINE; CELL EPITOPES; ANTIBODIES; ANTIGEN; IMMUNOGENICITY; LIPOSOMES; RESPONSES; IMMUNITY AB The safety and immunogenicity of 2 yeast-derived, blood-stage malaria vaccines were evaluated in a phase 1 trial. Healthy adults were given 2 or 3 doses of alum-adsorbed vaccine containing the 19 kDa carboxy-terminal fragment of the merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1(19)) derived from the 3D7 or the FVO strain of Plasmodium falciparum fused to tetanus toroid T-helper epitopes P30 and P2. The first 2 doses of MSP-1(19) were well tolerated. Hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 3 subjects after the third dose of MSP-1(19), including bilateral injection site reactions in 2 tone with generalized skin rash), and probable histamine-associated hypotension in 1. Serum antibody responses to MSP-1(19) occurred in 5/16, 9/16 and 0/8 subjects given 20 mu g of MSP-119, 200 mu g of MSP-1(19), and control vaccines (hepatitis B or Td), respectively. Both MSP-1(19) vaccines were immunogenic in humans, but changes in formulation will be necessary to improve safety and immunogenicity profiles. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NIAID, Div Microbial & Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Keitel, WA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011; Holland, Carolyn/B-7880-2011 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802; FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-25135] NR 25 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 14 PY 1999 VL 18 IS 5-6 BP 531 EP 539 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00221-2 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 250PR UT WOS:000083397200020 PM 10519944 ER PT J AU Assimadi, J Agbere, AD Alihonou, F Attoh, K Agbobli-Apetsianyi, E Bassuka-Parent, A Banze-Amouzou, M Lawson-Hounkporti, A Batchassi, E Diop, B AF Assimadi, J Agbere, AD Alihonou, F Attoh, K Agbobli-Apetsianyi, E Bassuka-Parent, A Banze-Amouzou, M Lawson-Hounkporti, A Batchassi, E Diop, B TI Management of childhood illness in children under 5 years of age before implementation of an integrated strategy in Togo SO ARCHIVES DE PEDIATRIE LA French DT Letter DE education, nursing; education, professional, retraining; educational measurement; developing countries; health promotion; child C1 CHU Tokoin, Serv Pediat, Lome, Togo. Direct Div Sante Familiale, Lome, Togo. Direct Gen Sante, Lome, Togo. CHR, Serv Pediat, Atakpame, Togo. CHU, USAID, BASICS, Dakar, Senegal. RP Agbere, AD (reprint author), BP 20466, Lome, Togo. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0929-693X J9 ARCH PEDIATRIE JI Arch. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 6 IS 10 BP 1135 EP 1136 DI 10.1016/S0929-693X(00)86998-5 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 247WX UT WOS:000083244900023 PM 10544799 ER PT J AU Peter, TF Perry, BD O'Callaghan, CJ Medley, GF AF Peter, TF Perry, BD O'Callaghan, CJ Medley, GF TI Prevalence of Cowdria ruminantium infection in Amblyomma hebraeum ticks from heartwater-endemic areas of Zimbabwe SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID CLONED DNA PROBE; VARIEGATUM TICKS; SOUTHERN AFRICA; BONT TICK; TRANSMISSION; IXODIDAE; FIELD; BURDENS; ADULTS; ASSAY AB Analysis of the transmission dynamics of Cowdria ruminantium, the tick-borne rickettsial agent of heartwater in ruminants, requires accurate measures of infection in vector populations. To obtain these, Amblyomma hebraeum ticks were collected at two heartwater-endemic locations in the lowveld and highveld regions of Zimbabwe and assessed for C. ruminantium infection with specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA probe detection assays. At the lowveld site, 11.2 % (50/446) of adult ticks and 8.5 % (23/271) of nymphs carried C. ruminantium, as detected by PCR. At the highveld site, the prevalence of infection in adult ticks was 10.2 % (40/392). DNA probe analysis revealed that most infections at both sites were of low intensity; only 9 % and 23 % of all nymph and adult tick infections, respectively, were greater than 70000 organisms, the detection limit of the DNA probe. However, the majority (70 %) of probe-detectable adult tick infections were high, between 10(7) and 10(9) organisms/tick, while those within nymphs were lower, between 10(5) and 10(6) organisms/tick. C1 Univ Florida, USAID, SADC, Heartwater Res Project,Vet Res Lab, Harare, Zimbabwe. Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Ecol & EpidemiolGrp, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Peter, TF (reprint author), Univ Florida, USAID, SADC, Heartwater Res Project,Vet Res Lab, POB CY 551, Harare, Zimbabwe. RI Medley, Graham/B-7289-2008 OI Medley, Graham/0000-0002-0030-7278 NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 123 IS 2 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1017/S0950268899002861 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 255GQ UT WOS:000083661500017 PM 10579452 ER PT J AU Parker, KA Koumans, EH Hawkins, RV Massanga, M Somse, P Barker, K Moran, J AF Parker, KA Koumans, EH Hawkins, RV Massanga, M Somse, P Barker, K Moran, J TI Providing low-cost sexually transmitted diseases services in two semi-urban health centers in Central African Republic (CAR): Characteristics of patients and patterns of health care-seeking behavior SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RURAL TANZANIA; COMMUNITY TRIAL; RISK-FACTORS; HIV-1; PREVENTION; TRANSMISSION; MANAGEMENT; MALAWI AB Background: While treatment of symptomatic sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) has been shown to reduce the incidence of HIV infection, there are few published reports describing the delivery of high quality STD care in Africa. Goal: To test the feasibility of providing comprehensive, affordable STD services through the existing primary care infrastructure. Design: STD treatment services using a syndromic approach were established in two semi-urban hospital outpatient departments (OPD) in Central African Republic (CAR). A dedicated paramedical provider took a clinical history, performed an examination, explained the diagnosis and the importance of referring partners, dispensed drugs, and offered partner referral vouchers. A fee-for-service system was used to resupply drugs initially purchased with project funds. Results: Of 9,552 visits by index patients and partners over a 28-month period starting in October 1993, 60% were made by women; of these women, 90% were symptomatic, 77% had "vaginal discharge," 70% "lower abdominal pain," and 7% "genital ulcer." Among men, 64% were symptomatic, 38% had "urethral discharge," and 14% "genital ulcer." Half of all symptomatic patients presented within I week of the onset of symptoms; 44% of men compared to 18% of women had sought care elsewhere before the clinic visit. The average cost per STD treated with recommended drugs was $3.90. Etiologic data from subpopulations in both sites suggest that a high proportion of patients was infected with an STD. Conclusions: Comprehensive yet affordable care for STDs in persons (and their partners) who recognize symptoms is feasible and should be widely implemented in primary care systems to prevent the spread and complications of STDs and HIV in Africa. C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, CDC, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Publ Hlth & Social Affairs, Bangui, Cent Afr Republ. John Snow Inc, CNIECS, Ctr Natl Informat Educ & Commun Sante, US Agcy Int Dev, Bamako, Mali. US Agcy Int Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Parker, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 26 IS 9 BP 508 EP 516 DI 10.1097/00007435-199910000-00005 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 244UF UT WOS:000083068600005 PM 10534204 ER PT J AU O'Callaghan, CJ Medley, GF Peter, TF Mahan, SM Perry, BD AF O'Callaghan, CJ Medley, GF Peter, TF Mahan, SM Perry, BD TI Predicting the effect of vaccination on the transmission dynamics of heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium infection) SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE heartwater; Cowdria ruminantium; vaccination; modelling; endemic stability ID TICK-BORNE DISEASES; AFRICA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IMMUNIZATION; THEILERIOSIS; ECONOMICS; ZIMBABWE; CALVES; CATTLE; SHEEP AB We used a mathematical description of the transmission dynamics of the tick-borne infection Cowdria ruminantium in commercial beef enterprises in Zimbabwe to consider the potential impact of a candidate vaccine to prevent heartwater. The important characteristics of the vaccine were (1) a delay in development of full protection, (2) prevention of clinical disease but not of infection and (3) a waning period of protection in the absence of challenge. We considered three different scenarios in which the vaccine might be used: prophylactically in susceptible cattle prior to the introduction of infection into a herd; in susceptible cattle in the face of an epidemic (i.e., when the infection is introduced and disease is first noticed); and at equilibrium (i.e., when parasite, vector and host have been co-existing for some time). The epidemic rise in infection was modelled assuming two different patterns (i.e., resulting from slow and fast increases in tick challenge). Vaccination (administered both in the face of an epidemic and prophylactically) reduced and delayed the peak of the epidemic. With insufficiently frequent revaccination, this can result in the epidemic occurring during a period of susceptibility, so that the benefit derived from a more-efficacious vaccine is lower than that from a less-efficacious vaccine. A vaccine of only 30% or 50% efficacy (if given to the whole herd) can have important effects on both morbidity and mortality if administered with sufficient frequency. However, a highly efficacious vaccine (e.g., 90%) can have only minimal effect if revaccination occurs too infrequently - especially if the epidemic of disease occurs when tick challenge is high and vaccination-related immunity has waned. There was a fairly consistent pattern of decreasing returns on increasing protection, although this was reversed in the situation of annual vaccination undertaken prophylactically combined with an epidemic of infection that occurred when the tick challenge was relatively low. Vaccination in equilibrium situations was most beneficial at low and intermediate tick challenges. There was very little effect of vaccination in high-transmission areas regardless of vaccine efficacy and/or frequency of revaccination because most animals were infected during periods of innate or maternally derived immunity (i.e., under endemic stability). Our results suggest that where relatively high tick challenge can be achieved and consistently maintained, vaccination may be used in susceptible herds to minimise losses in a policy of transition to endemic stability. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Ecol & Epidemiol Grp, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Florida, USAID, SADC, Heartwater Res Project,Vet Res Lab, Harare, Zimbabwe. Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. RP O'Callaghan, CJ (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Ecol & Epidemiol Grp, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RI Medley, Graham/B-7289-2008 OI Medley, Graham/0000-0002-0030-7278 NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD SEP 30 PY 1999 VL 42 IS 1 BP 17 EP 38 DI 10.1016/S0167-5877(99)00065-3 PG 22 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 242KN UT WOS:000082940000002 PM 10532319 ER PT J AU Oswald, GR Afansicv, NY Cegielski, JP Binkin, NJ AF Oswald, GR Afansicv, NY Cegielski, JP Binkin, NJ TI Tuberculosis in Russia SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Moscow 121099, Russia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Oswald, GR (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Novinsky Blvd 19-23, Moscow 121099, Russia. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 18 PY 1999 VL 354 IS 9183 BP 1036 EP 1036 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)76647-2 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 236JG UT WOS:000082596000063 PM 10501397 ER PT J AU Peter, TF Bryson, NR Perry, BD O'Callaghan, CJ Medley, GF Smith, GE Mlambo, G Horak, IG Burridge, MJ Mahan, SM AF Peter, TF Bryson, NR Perry, BD O'Callaghan, CJ Medley, GF Smith, GE Mlambo, G Horak, IG Burridge, MJ Mahan, SM TI Cowdria ruminantium infection in ticks in the Kruger National Park SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID INTRODUCING HEARTWATER; DOMESTIC RUMINANTS; AMBLYOMMA-HEBRAEUM; AMERICAN MAINLAND; DNA-PROBE; TRANSMISSION; IXODIDAE; DISEASE; DANGER; HOSTS AB Adult Amblyomma hebraeum ticks, the principle vector of heartwater (cowdriosis) of domestic ruminants in southern Africa, were collected in pheromone traps placed in Kruger National Park, an exclusively wildlife sanctuary in South Africa. These ticks transmitted Cowdria ruminantium, the rickettsial agent causing heartwater, to a susceptible goat, resulting in acute, fatal disease. C ruminantium was isolated in bovine endothelial cell culture from the plasma of this animal during the febrile stage of the disease and transmitted to susceptible goats, causing fatal heartwater. The prevalence of C ruminantium infection in 292 ticks was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis to be 1.7 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval 0.71 to 4.0 per cent). A DNA probe analysis, which is less sensitive than PCR, detected infection in three of the five PCR-positive ticks. The remaining infections were below the detection limit of the DNA probe, which is approximately 70,000 organisms. This is the first evidence that a vector-wildlife cycle of transmission of C ruminantium can be maintained independently of domestic ruminants. C1 Univ Florida, USAID, SADC, Heartwater Res Project, Harare, Zimbabwe. Med Univ S Africa, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Infect Dis & Publ Hlth, ZA-0204 Medunsa, South Africa. Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Vet Trop Dis, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Peter, TF (reprint author), Univ Florida, USAID, SADC, Heartwater Res Project, POB CY 551,Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe. RI Medley, Graham/B-7289-2008 OI Medley, Graham/0000-0002-0030-7278 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 2 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD SEP 11 PY 1999 VL 145 IS 11 BP 304 EP 307 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 240NR UT WOS:000082832500006 PM 10515616 ER PT J AU Downum, CE Price, LJ AF Downum, CE Price, LJ TI Applied archaeology SO HUMAN ORGANIZATION LA English DT Review DE applied archaeology; CRM; public education; tourism; ethics ID COLORADO PLATEAUS; PALEOENVIRONMENT; MANAGEMENT AB The need to examine applied archaeology stems from the long-held recognition by archaeologists that study of past societies has an important impact on living ones. The pace of applied work in archaeology has greatly accelerated over the past 25 years. While legislation is the engine that drives much applied archaeology in cultural resource management, archaeologists also are developing many other creative and autonomous areas. This paper offers a typology and examples of applied archaeology in seven areas: resource claims, cultural identity and representation, technology, public education, cultural resource management (CRM), cultural tourism, environment, and ecosystem projects. After examining ethical considerations in applied archaeology, we conclude with discussion of how applied archaeology relates to applied sociocultural anthropology, including attention to methods, local community and social groups, culture-broker roles, and qualitative program evaluation. Applied anthropology, and archaeology in particular, has much to offer in building bridges outside the academy. Sociocultural anthropologists can benefit from being more aware of areas of potential collaboration with archaeologists in applied work. Archaeologists can benefit from becoming more aware of where sociocultural expertise is needed, in oral history and other interview methods, for example. C1 No Arizona Univ, Anthropol Labs, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Flagstaff Multicultural AIDS Prevent Project, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Downum, CE (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Anthropol Labs, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 124 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY PI OKLAHOMA CITY PA 3000 UNITED FOUNDERS BLVD, STE 148, OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73112 USA SN 0018-7259 J9 HUM ORGAN JI Hum. Organ. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 58 IS 3 BP 226 EP 239 PG 14 WC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Anthropology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 240QM UT WOS:000082836700002 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, JD TI Prevention first: A three-pronged strategy to integrate family planning program efforts against HIV and sexually transmitted infections SO INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMPROVED TREATMENT SERVICES; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; VAGINAL FLORA; CONDOM USE; DISEASES; TANZANIA; KENYA C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Ctr Populat Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Ctr Populat Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 0162-2749 J9 INT FAM PLAN PERSPEC JI Int. Fam. Plan. Perspect. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 25 IS 3 BP 147 EP 152 DI 10.2307/2991964 PG 6 WC Demography; Family Studies; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Family Studies; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 233NE UT WOS:000082432300006 ER PT J AU Hamilton, JM AF Hamilton, JM TI Lessons for the media from foreign aid SO MEDIA STUDIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Louisiana State Univ, Manship Sch Mass Commun, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. RP Hamilton, JM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Manship Sch Mass Commun, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIA STUDIES CENTER, FREEDOM FORUM PI NEW YORK PA 580 MADISON AVE, 42ND FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1057-7416 J9 MEDIA STUD J JI Media Stud. J. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 13 IS 3 BP 98 EP 105 PG 8 WC Communication; Social Issues SC Communication; Social Issues GA 242BD UT WOS:000082917600017 ER PT J AU Clay, DC Molla, D Habtewold, D AF Clay, DC Molla, D Habtewold, D TI Food aid targeting in Ethiopia - A study of who needs it and who gets it SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE food aid; food security; Ethiopia ID INDICATORS; SECURITY; CHOICE AB The need for systematic, empirical analysis of food aid targeting and impacts is overwhelming, especially given the large numbers of people concerned and volume of funds allocated to the problem of feeding Ethiopia's food insecure. This research examines the efficiency of food aid targeting in rural Ethiopia based on empirical evidence from a nationally representative survey of 4166 farm households. A key finding of the study is that there is no significant association between household food insecurity (vulnerability) and food aid receipts-a result of high errors of exclusion and inclusion at both the wereda and household levels. Four factors are identified as causes of the high level of targeting error: (1) the primary beneficiaries of food aid programs are found to be households at the extremes in terms of food availability: those with the least and those with the most food available; (2) a disproportionate number of female and aged heads of households received food aid, irrespective of their food needs; (3) an inability of the food aid system to reach households outside of the historically deficit areas; and (4) a disproportionate concentration of food aid in the region of Tigray. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Inst Int Agr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Famine Early Warning Syst Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Minist Econ Dev & Cooperat, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Clay, DC (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Inst Int Agr, 324 Agr Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 17 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD AUG PY 1999 VL 24 IS 4 BP 391 EP 409 DI 10.1016/S0306-9192(99)00030-5 PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 214KR UT WOS:000081327600004 ER PT J AU Martinez, TA Meltzer, MI Perry, BD Burridge, MJ Mahan, SM AF Martinez, TA Meltzer, MI Perry, BD Burridge, MJ Mahan, SM TI The effect of subclinical experimental Cowdria ruminantium infection on the health and reproductive performance of breeding ewes SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Cowdria ruminantium; sheep-microbiological diseases; heartwater; reproduction; subclinical infection; Zimbabwe ID EAST-COAST FEVER; AMBLYOMMA-HEBRAEUM; DNA-PROBE; HEARTWATER; TICKS; ZIMBABWE; CATTLE; RICKETTSIALES; IMMUNIZATION; VECTOR AB This study documented the effect on the productivity of Dorper-Merino cross ewes when they became infected with Cowdria ruminantium as would occur in an endemically stable state. A flock of 152 breeding ewes was randomly divided into two matched groups. One group was infected on multiple occasions with C. ruminantium; the other group remained uninfected. The ewes were bred and monitored for one breeding/lambing/weaning cycle. Hematological, reproductive, and health parameters were recorded at regular intervals. Statistically significant differences in hematological values between the two groups were infrequent and transient. No significant differences in weights, mortality rates or reproductive parameters were detected between the two groups. Subclinical C. ruminantium infection did not negatively affect health and reproductive performance of breeding ewes; endemic stability would be a suitable alternative method of controlling heartwater. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V, All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Florida, USAID, SADC,Heartwater Res Project, Cent Vet Diagnost & Res Lab, Causeway, Zimbabwe. RP Mahan, SM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, POB 110880, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JUL 20 PY 1999 VL 41 IS 2-3 BP 89 EP 103 DI 10.1016/S0167-5877(99)00040-9 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 218QP UT WOS:000081563400002 PM 10448939 ER PT J AU Martinez, TA Meltzer, MI Perry, BD Burridge, MJ Mahan, SM AF Martinez, TA Meltzer, MI Perry, BD Burridge, MJ Mahan, SM TI The effect of subclinical experimental Cowdria ruminantium infection in ewes on the growth and milk consumption of pre-weaning lambs SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Cowdria ruminantium; sheep-microbiological diseases; heartwater; reproduction; subclinical infection; Zimbabwe ID EAST-COAST FEVER; HEARTWATER; CATTLE; TICKS; RICKETTSIALES; ZIMBABWE; AGENT AB An alternative control option for heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium infection) is the establishment and maintenance of endemic stability which would lessen the existing dependence on acaricides. In an endemically stable state, animals become infected by vaccination or natural challenge at an early age, following which the immunity so created is boosted by continuing tick challenge. In this study, growth rates, health and hematological parameters were monitored at regular intervals for lambs born to two matched groups of ewes until weaning at 4 mo of age. One group of ewes was infected multiple times with Cowdria ruminantium; the other group remained uninfected. The overall mean leucocyte count of lambs born to infected ewes was significantly lower than that of lambs born to uninfected ewes (P=0.04), However, there were few other significant differences in the other hematological data between the two groups. The mean birth weight of single lambs born to uninfected ewes (4.6 kg) was significantly higher than the mean birth weight of single lambs born to infected ewes (4.4 kg) (P=0.02). Trends in milli consumption and growth rates were similar for the two groups, with few significant differences detected, Likewise, there were no significant differences in the incidences of health problems or pre-weaning mortalities between the two groups of lambs. The results of this study indicate that there is no detectable effect on productivity of pre-weaning lambs when their dams are carriers of C, ruminantium - a situation likely to occur in an endemically stable state. Hence, maintenance of endemic stability would be a suitable control option for heartwater. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Florida, USAID, SADC,Cent Vet Diagnost & Res Lab, Heartwater Res Project, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Mahan, SM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Pathobiol, POB 110880, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JUL 20 PY 1999 VL 41 IS 2-3 BP 105 EP 118 DI 10.1016/S0167-5877(99)00039-2 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 218QP UT WOS:000081563400003 PM 10448940 ER PT J AU Israel, MS Lund, JR AF Israel, MS Lund, JR TI Priority preserving unit penalties in network flow modeling SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID WATER RIGHTS; SIMULATION; SYSTEM AB A general algorithm is presented for determining values for unit cost coefficients that reflect water use priorities for network flow programming models of water resource systems. The overarching principle for setting unit penalties for priority-based operations is that senior unit penalties must exceed the combined junior unit penalties for any feasible competing space-time path through the system for any unit of water potentially available at the senior location. The algorithm accommodates both storage and flow related water uses over multiple periods and accounts for the effects of return flow on flow allocation, which can introduce a complexity that inhibits the use of intuitive or trial-and-error methods for determining cost coefficient values. The approach is formulated initially as a linear program that can be used as a preprocessor to the network flow modeling and is applied to a water-rights model of the Truckee-Carson system. The formulation is generalized for a location connectivity matrix and vector of use priorities. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Israel, MS (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 125 IS 4 BP 205 EP 214 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1999)125:4(205) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 211LB UT WOS:000081161600004 ER PT J AU Totte, P Bensaid, A Mahan, SM Martinez, D McKeever, DJ AF Totte, P Bensaid, A Mahan, SM Martinez, D McKeever, DJ TI Immune responses to Cowdria ruminantium infections SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Article ID MAJOR ANTIGENIC PROTEIN-1; BOVINE ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; RECOMBINANT MYELOPEROXIDASE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ELEMENTARY BODIES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; NITRIC-OXIDE; IN-VITRO; EXPRESSION; CATTLE AB Understanding the basis of protective immunity to Cowdria ruminantium will facilitate the development of an effective subunit vaccine against heartwater in ruminants and contribute to a better definition of protective immune mechanisms to obligate intracellular pathogens in general. Until recently, immunological studies of heartwater in ruminants concentrated solely on antibody responses. Since 1995, the mechanisms underlying cell-mediated immunity of hearwater, have been analysed. Progress achieved in these areas is discussed here by Philippe Totte and colleagues, with special emphasis on ruminants the natural hosts of C. ruminantium. C1 CIRAD, EMVT, Petit Bourg 97170, Guadeloupe. USAID, UF, SADC Heartwater Res Project, Vet Res Lab, Harare, Zimbabwe. ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Totte, P (reprint author), CIRAD, EMVT, Domaine Duclos, Petit Bourg 97170, Guadeloupe. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD JUL PY 1999 VL 15 IS 7 BP 286 EP 290 DI 10.1016/S0169-4758(99)01467-2 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 215AT UT WOS:000081360300008 PM 10377532 ER PT J AU Mahan, SM Allsopp, B Kocan, KM Palmer, GH Jongejan, F AF Mahan, SM Allsopp, B Kocan, KM Palmer, GH Jongejan, F TI Vaccine strategies for Cowdria ruminantium infections and their application to other ehrlichial infections SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; MAJOR SURFACE PROTEIN-2; POLYMORPHIC MULTIGENE FAMILY; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; 32-KILODALTON PROTEIN; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN; ELEMENTARY BODIES; INTERFERON-GAMMA AB Suman Mahan and co-authors review the strategies applied to develop improved vaccines for Cowdria ruminantium infections (heartwater). Inactivated vaccines using cell-cultured C. ruminantium organisms combined with an adjuvant are capable of protecting goats, sheep and cattle against lethal C. ruminantium challenge. Immune responses induced with this vaccine, or after recovery from infection, target outer membrane proteins of C. ruminantium, in particular the major antigenic protein 1 (MAP-1). Genetic immunizations with the gene encoding MAP-1 induce protective T helper cell type 1 responses against lethal challenge in a mouse model. Similarly, homologues of MAP-1 in other phylogenetically and antigenically related ehrlichial agents such as Anaplasma marginale and Ehrlichia chaffeensis are also targets of protective responses. Given the antigenic similarities between the related ehrlichial agents, common strategies of vaccine development could be applied against these agents that cause infections of importance in animals and humans. C1 Univ Florida, USAID, SADC Heartwater Res Project, Cent Vet Diagnost & Res Branch, Harare, Zimbabwe. Onderstepoort Vet Inst, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med Anat Pathol & Pharmacol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Utrecht, Fac Vet Med, Inst Infect Dis & Immunol, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Mahan, SM (reprint author), Univ Florida, USAID, SADC Heartwater Res Project, Cent Vet Diagnost & Res Branch, POB CY 551, Harare, Zimbabwe. NR 45 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD JUL PY 1999 VL 15 IS 7 BP 290 EP 294 DI 10.1016/S0169-4758(99)01468-4 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 215AT UT WOS:000081360300009 PM 10377533 ER PT J AU Toffolon-Weiss, MM Bertrand, JT Terrell, SS AF Toffolon-Weiss, MM Bertrand, JT Terrell, SS TI The results framework - An innovative tool for program planning and evaluation SO EVALUATION REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION AB This article constitutes a case study of the development and implementation of the "results framework" an innovative planning and evaluation tool that is rapidly becoming a standard requirement for United States Agency for international Development (USAID) projects. The framework is used in a USAID-funded regional initiative for HIV/AIDS prevention in Central America. This new program evaluation and monitoring tool provides many advantages over traditional evaluation approaches that use outside consultants to provide midterm and end-of-project evaluations. The results-framework process, which spans the life of the project, provides an opportunity for program staff donors, partners, and evaluators to work as a team to collect and use rich, longitudinal data for project planning, implementation, and evaluation purposes. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Sociol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Toffolon-Weiss, MM (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Sociol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0193-841X J9 EVALUATION REV JI Eval. Rev. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 23 IS 3 BP 336 EP 359 PG 24 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 215VK UT WOS:000081404000005 PM 10538787 ER PT J AU Williams, JC Isham, BA AF Williams, JC Isham, BA TI Processing industry capacity and the welfare effects of sugar policies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE depreciation; dynamic programming; processing industry; short run; sugar policy ID COMMODITY PRICE STABILIZATION; FACTOR DEMAND MODELS; PERFECT FORESIGHT; ECONOMY AB Normally, analysis of policies affecting commodities such as sugar employs long-run comparative statics under certainty and ignores processing industries like cane-sugar refining, under the implicit assumption that the capital is malleable in both the short and long run. We present a dynamic model, calibrated to world sugar and solved with numerical dynamic programming, that includes the specific capital of the refining industry. When compared to an otherwise identical static model, the dynamic model suggests that some 20% of welfare losses may be misattributed to cane-sugar producers instead of refiners. In contrast, the difference between certainty and uncertainty proves to be unimportant. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Williams, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 81 IS 2 BP 424 EP 441 DI 10.2307/1244592 PG 18 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 201XR UT WOS:000080623000013 ER PT J AU Musser, JMB Anderson, KL AF Musser, JMB Anderson, KL TI Using drug residue screening tests to investigate antibiotic contamination of milk SO VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CLINICAL MASTITIS; INDIVIDUAL COWS; CHARM-II; AMOXICILLIN; PERFORMANCE; PROGRAMS; SAMPLES; CATTLE C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Food Anim & Equine Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Musser, JMB (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Global Ctr Environm, Ronald Regan Bldg, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU VETERINARY MEDICINE PUBL CO PI LENEXA PA 15333 W 95TH STREET, LENEXA, KS 66219 USA SN 8750-7943 J9 VET MED-US JI Vet. Med. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 94 IS 5 BP 474 EP 479 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 198ZJ UT WOS:000080454400011 ER PT J AU Sulsona, CR Mahan, SM Barbet, AF AF Sulsona, CR Mahan, SM Barbet, AF TI The map1 gene of Cowdria ruminantium is a member of a multigene family containing both conserved and variable genes SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; MAJOR SURFACE PROTEIN-2; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; 32-KILODALTON PROTEIN; PERSISTENT INFECTION; CYCLIC RICKETTSEMIA; ANTIGENIC PROTEIN-1; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ANAPLASMA AB Heartwater is an economically important disease of ruminants caused by the tick-transmitted rickettsia Cowdria ruminantium. The disease is present in Africa and the Caribbean and there is a risk of spread to the Americas, particularly because of a clinically asymptomatic carrier state in infected livestock and imported wild animals. The causative agent is closely related taxonomically to the human and animal pathogens Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia canis. A dominant immune response of infected animals or people is directed against variable outer membrane proteins of these agents known, in E. chaffeensis and E. canis, to be encoded by polymorphic multigene families. We demonstrate, by sequence analysis, that map1 encoding the major outer membrane protein of C. ruminantium is also encoded by a polymorphic multigene family. Two members of the gene family are located in tandem in the genome. The upstream member, orf2, is conserved, encoding only 2 amino acid substitutions among six different rickettsial strains from diverse locations in Africa and the Caribbean. In contrast, the downstream member, map1, contains variable and conserved regions between strains. Interestingly, orf2 is more closely related in sequence to omp1b of E. chaffeensis than to map1 of C. ruminantium. The regions that differ among orf2, map1, and omp1b correspond to previously identified variable sequences in outer membrane protein genes of E. chaffeensis and E. canis. These data suggest that diversity in these outer membrane proteins may arise by recombination among gene family members and offer a potential mechanism for persistence of infection in carrier animals. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, USAID, SADC, Heartwater Res Project, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Barbet, AF (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, POB 110880, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 38 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD APR 13 PY 1999 VL 257 IS 2 BP 300 EP 305 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0459 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 189UR UT WOS:000079925000010 PM 10198207 ER PT J AU Mukhebi, AW Chamboko, T O'Callaghan, CJ Peter, TF Kruska, RL Medley, GF Mahan, SM Perry, BD AF Mukhebi, AW Chamboko, T O'Callaghan, CJ Peter, TF Kruska, RL Medley, GF Mahan, SM Perry, BD TI An assessment of the economic impact of heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium infection) and its control in Zimbabwe SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE heartwater; Cowdria ruminantium; economic impact; Zimbabwe ID TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; IMMUNIZATION; AFRICA AB Heartwater, caused by the rickettsial organism Cowdria ruminantium, is a serious constraint to livestock development in much of sub-Saharan Africa. Traditionally, the disease has been controlled by the use of chemical acaricides to control the vector tick. The University of Florida/USAID-supported heartwater research project (based in Zimbabwe) is developing a new inactivated vaccine to control the disease. In order that the vaccine is used effectively, the project has been studying the epidemiology of the disease in different livestock production systems of Zimbabwe, and evaluating the economic impact of the disease and of its future control using a vaccine such as the one under development. Initially, field studies were conducted to characterise the communal and commercial livestock-productions systems at risk from heartwater and to understand the epidemiology of the disease. The data from these studies were then applied to an infection-dynamics model of heartwater, which was used to provide estimates of disease incidence and impact under various scenarios over a period of 10 yr. Two principal outputs of the epidemiological model (cumulative annual heartwater incidence and infection-fatality proportion) were key inputs into an economics model. The estimated total annual national losses amount to Z$ 61.3 million (US$ 5.6 million) in discounted value terms over 10 yr. Annual economic losses per animal in the commercial production system (Z$ 56 discounted values) are 25 times greater than the losses in the communal system (Z$ 2.2). The greatest component of economic loss is acaricide cost (76%), followed by milk loss (18%) and treatment cost (5%). Losses in outputs other than milk (beef, traction and manure) appear to be minimal. A new vaccine has the promise of a benefit: cost ratio of about 2.4: 1 in the communal and 7.6 : 1 in the commercial system. A control strategy based on a new vaccine would yield additional non-financial benefits to farmers and the government resulting from reductions in the use of chemical acaricides. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. UF, USAID, SADC, Heartwater Res Project, Harare, Zimbabwe. Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Perry, BD (reprint author), Int Livestock Res Inst, POB 30709, Nairobi, Kenya. RI Medley, Graham/B-7289-2008 OI Medley, Graham/0000-0002-0030-7278 NR 17 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD APR 9 PY 1999 VL 39 IS 3 BP 173 EP 189 DI 10.1016/S0167-5877(98)00143-3 PG 17 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 197HC UT WOS:000080358500002 PM 10327437 ER PT J AU Chamboko, T Mukhebi, AW Callaghan, CJO Peter, TF Kruska, RL Medley, GF Mahan, SM Perry, BD AF Chamboko, T Mukhebi, AW Callaghan, CJO Peter, TF Kruska, RL Medley, GF Mahan, SM Perry, BD TI The control of heartwater on large-scale commercial and smallholder farms in Zimbabwe SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cattle-parasitological disease; Cowdria ruminantium; heartwater; tick control strategies; Zimbabwe AB As part of a series of studies associated with the development of improved vaccines for heartwater (a tick-borne disease of ruminant livestock caused by Cowdria ruminantium), field surveys were carried out to assess losses associated with the disease and the costs associated with controlling it in the two main agro-ecological zones of Zimbabwe (lowveld and highveld) where heartwater is believed to be endemic and epidemic, respectively. In each zone, a cross-sectional study was performed in the main farming systems (smallholder (SH) and large-scale commercial (LSC) beef and dairy), followed by longitudinal studies in the same sectors to improve data accuracy for some parameters. Suspected heartwater-specific mortality in cattle was similar in all LSC sectors (p = 0.72) accounting for a median 1% mortality risk. Heartwater-specific mortality in SH areas was not assessed due to poor diagnostic ability of the farmers. Few LSC farms and SH households kept sheep; suspected heartwater-specific mortality in LSC sheep was 0.8% in the lowveld and 2.4% in the highveld. Goats were a major enterprise in SH areas but not on LSC farms. Suspected heartwater mortality in LSC goats was 0.8% at one site in the highveld and 17.5% on a farm in the lowveld. Application of acaricides was the major control method for heartwater and other tick-borne diseases on both SH and LSC farms. On LSC farms, plunge dipping was used most frequently and the number of acaricide applications ranged widely between 3 and 52 per year. The total cost of acaricides per head per annum was higher in highveld dairies than in highveld and lowveld beef enterprises (p = 0.03). In SH areas, cattle plunge dipping was conducted by the government with an average frequency of 8 +/- 2 (sd) immersions per annum in both the lowveld and highveld. The type of tick control on sheep and goats in all production systems was highly variable (ranging from none to hand removal or intensive acaricide treatment). Suspected heartwater cases on LSC farms were treated with tetracyclines; treatment was not reported in SH areas. Reported treatment costs were high (median Z$ 120) and highly variable (range Z$4-833). Vaccination against heartwater with the live, blood-based vaccine was reported on only one LSC farm. LSC farms applying acaricide 30 or more times per year reported higher morbidity (p < 0.0001) and mortality (p < 0.0001) than farms applying acaricides less than 30 times a year. This finding supports the use of reduced tick control in the management of heartwater in Zimbabwe. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. UF, USAID, SADC, Heartwater Res Project, Harare, Zimbabwe. Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Ecosyst Management & Anal Grp, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Perry, BD (reprint author), Int Livestock Res Inst, POB 30709, Nairobi, Kenya. RI Medley, Graham/B-7289-2008 OI Medley, Graham/0000-0002-0030-7278 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD APR 9 PY 1999 VL 39 IS 3 BP 191 EP 210 DI 10.1016/S0167-5877(98)00144-5 PG 20 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 197HC UT WOS:000080358500003 PM 10327438 ER PT J AU Harold, J AF Harold, J TI Ideas for government SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Arlington, VA USA. RP Harold, J (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD APR 1 PY 1999 VL 124 IS 6 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 180RB UT WOS:000079398000004 ER PT J AU Lloyd, ES Zaki, SR Rollin, PE Tshioko, K Bwaka, MA Ksiazek, TG Calain, P Shieh, WJ Konde, MK Verchueren, E Perry, HN Manguindula, L Kabwau, J Ndambi, R Peters, CJ AF Lloyd, ES Zaki, SR Rollin, PE Tshioko, K Bwaka, MA Ksiazek, TG Calain, P Shieh, WJ Konde, MK Verchueren, E Perry, HN Manguindula, L Kabwau, J Ndambi, R Peters, CJ TI Long-term disease surveillance in Bandundu region, Democratic Republic of the Congo: A model for early detection and prevention of Ebola hemorrhagic fever SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; ZAIRE; MONKEYS AB After the large-scale outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) in Bandundu region, Democratic Republic of the Congo, a program was developed to help detect and prevent future outbreaks of EHF in the region. The long-term surveillance and prevention strategy is based on early recognition by physicians, immediate initiation of enhanced barrier-nursing practices, and the use of an immunohistochemical diagnostic test performed on formalin-fixed skin specimens of patients who die of suspected viral hemorrhagic fever. The program was implemented in September 1995 during a 4-day workshop with 28 local physicians representing 17 of 22 health zones in the region, Specimen collection kits were distributed to clinics in participating health zones, and a follow-up evaluation was conducted after 6 months. The use of a formalin-fixed skin specimen for laboratory confirmation of EHF can provide an appropriate method for EHF surveillance when linked with physician training, use of viral hemorrhagic fever isolation precautions, and follow-up investigation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Speical Pathogens Branch, NCID, DVRD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Kinshasa, Zaire. US Agcy Int Dev, Kinshasa, Zaire. Minist Hlth, Kinshasa, Zaire. Hop Gen Reference Kikwit, Kikwit, Congo. Mosango Mission Hosp, Mosango, Congo. Medecins Frontieres, Brussels, Belgium. RP Rollin, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Speical Pathogens Branch, NCID, DVRD, Mailstop G-14,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pyr3@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S274 EP S280 DI 10.1086/514312 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300042 PM 9988195 ER PT B AU Labbok, MH AF Labbok, MH BE Voto, LS Margulies, M Cosmi, EV TI Nutrition and birth spacing for child survival and maternal nutritional recovery SO 4TH WORLD CONGRESS OF PERINATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Congress of Perinatal Medicine CY APR 18-22, 1999 CL BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SP World Assoc Perinatal Med, Argentina Soc Perinatal Med AB Recent studies are increasingly showing that nutritional supplementation during pregnancy alone is not as important for pregnancy outcomes as is the maternal nutritional status at conception. Therefore, this presentation will address: 1) the importance of breastfeeding for child survival and maternal recovery, 2) why lactation remains important even after the 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding that is generally recommended, 3) the impact of maternal nutritional status on duration of lactation, 4) the importance of child spacing for maternal nutritional recovery and pregnancy outcomes, and, 5) the resulting protocols for maternal/child care. In sum, for optimal pregnancy outcomes and optimal durations of lactation, maternal nutritional status at conception, as well as during pregnancy and lactation, are vital. Lactation does consume maternal nutrients, however, if there are resources for intervention, it is much wiser to feed the mother while continuing to breastfeed the infant. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Nutr & Maternal Infant Hlth Div, Bur Global Programs, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Labbok, MH (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Nutr & Maternal Infant Hlth Div, Bur Global Programs, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-0418-X PY 1999 BP 421 EP 424 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA BM89K UT WOS:000080049800070 ER PT B AU Labbok, MH AF Labbok, MH BE Voto, LS Margulies, M Cosmi, EV TI The impact of lactation on women's health SO 4TH WORLD CONGRESS OF PERINATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Congress of Perinatal Medicine CY APR 18-22, 1999 CL BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SP World Assoc Perinatal Med, Argentina Soc Perinatal Med ID EPITHELIAL OVARIAN-CANCER; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; BREAST-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CHINESE-WOMEN; YOUNG-WOMEN; PREGNANCY; HISTORY; PREMENOPAUSAL AB Breastfeeding is beneficial for women's health. This fact often becomes lost in the infant nutrition orientation of most lactation management information. The sequelae of breastfeeding, and of having breastfed, are not minor: breastfeeding, sometimes referred to as the final stage of labor, reduces the risk of postpartum blood loss by increasing the rate of uterine contraction, lowers the risk of premenopausal breast cancer and also reduces the risk of ovarian cancer. In addition to reducing the severity of anemia, there is now some indication that other changes occur that may help protect the mother against bladder and other infections. Furthermore, epidemiological studies seem to indicate that, in spite of the apparent bone loss seen in women during lactation, women who breastfeed may be at reduced risk of spinal and hip fracture after menopause. In addition to the direct health effects, breastfeeding seems to provide a bonding and a sense of well-being for many women, as well as an improved sense of self esteem. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bureau Global Programs, Nutr & Mat Infant Hlth Div, Field Support & Res, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Labbok, MH (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bureau Global Programs, Nutr & Mat Infant Hlth Div, Field Support & Res, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-0418-X PY 1999 BP 1031 EP 1035 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA BM89K UT WOS:000080049800170 ER PT B AU Labbok, MH AF Labbok, MH BE Voto, LS Margulies, M Cosmi, EV TI Physiologically-based methods of fertility regulation during lactation SO 4TH WORLD CONGRESS OF PERINATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Congress of Perinatal Medicine CY APR 18-22, 1999 CL BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SP World Assoc Perinatal Med, Argentina Soc Perinatal Med ID FAMILY-PLANNING METHOD; AMENORRHEA METHOD LAM; OVULATION; PREGNANCY; POLICY; WOMEN AB It is important for the physician to be aware that most women are breastfeeding during the postpartum months. This is a busy period of time for women, and, often, it is difficult for them to make spacing and limitation decisions at this time. Therefore, it is important to know that, during lactation, there are at least two major approaches to delay conception that do not demand commodities nor procedures, but, rather, are based on the woman's natural physiological status. The first, generally called "Natural Family Planning," includes the use of abstinence, timed to ensure that any fertile period is avoided. The second, often called the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) or MELA (Methodo de lactancia y Amenore) does not necessitate abstinence but, rather, is based on the natural infertility caused by the physiology of breastfeeding. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bureau Global Programs, Nutr & Mat Infant Hlth Div, Field Support & Res, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Labbok, MH (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bureau Global Programs, Nutr & Mat Infant Hlth Div, Field Support & Res, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-0418-X PY 1999 BP 1037 EP 1042 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA BM89K UT WOS:000080049800171 ER PT B AU Foster, C AF Foster, C GP ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV TI The impact of FDI in the upstream and downstream sectors on investment in agriculture in the NIS SO AGRICULTURAL FINANCE AND CREDIT INFRASTRUCTURE IN TRANSITION ECONOMIES SE OECD PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OECD Expert Meeting on Agricultural Finance and Credit Infrastructure in Transition Economies CY FEB, 1999 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA SP Org Econ Cooperat & Dev AB Foreign direct investment (FDI) in the agribusiness systems of the New Independent States (NIS) has gone almost exclusively to the upstream and downstream sectors, with only marginal direct investment targeted at the primary agricultural producer. Although much has been written to show the benefits of FDI for the immediate recipient, little has been discussed about the implications at the farm level. This paper cites the findings of several case studies conducted by the author. All of the examples show significant positive spillover effects to the producer, including I) provision of credits, 2) access to cash markets, 3) training in improved crop cultivation or animal husbandry practices, 4) support with acquiring improved business and management skills, 5) reliable access to quality inputs and 6) training in improved product storage and handling. As long as Russia's primary agricultural producers are generally unable to attract direct investment into their operations, nor able to qualify for or afford available commercial credits, FDI into the upstream and downstream sectors of the food chain may be one of the few means for farmers to acquire critically needed credits, inputs, markets and skills. In identifying the critical role FDI in agribusiness plays in providing support to primary agriculture, an overview of FDI in the region's agribusiness sector is required. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, AFS, EGAD, G, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Foster, C (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, AFS, EGAD, G, Ronald Regan Bldg,Room 2-11-054, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-17069-3 J9 OECD PROC PY 1999 BP 198 EP 211 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BN70R UT WOS:000082652300016 ER PT J AU Bloland, PB Ettling, M AF Bloland, PB Ettling, M TI Making malaria-treatment policy in the face of drug resistance SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; WEST-AFRICA; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; CHLOROQUINE RESISTANCE; ANTIMALARIAL THERAPY; EAST-AFRICA; CHILDREN; MEFLOQUINE; EFFICACY; GAMBIA AB The threat, development, spread, and intensification of antimalarial drug resistance are posing tremendous challenges to malaria-control activities throughout the world. Fundamental aspects of these activities are the identification and promotion of safe and effective therapy for acute malarial illness. A major tool in providing guidance on appropriate therapy is the national malaria-therapy policy, which describes antimalarial drugs available for use in a given country, their relative efficacy, and how best to use them in a variety of settings, from the community to the referral hospital. This review describes some of the factors that need to be considered in the development of a national, antimalarial drug policy as well as those that have impeded timely development of national policies, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Sect, Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Africa Bur, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Bloland, PB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Sect, Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pbbl@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 3 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 93 IS 1 BP 5 EP 23 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 164CF UT WOS:000078444300001 PM 10492667 ER PT J AU Brock, GJ AF Brock, GJ TI Exploring a regional technical efficiency frontier in the former USSR SO ECONOMICS OF PLANNING LA English DT Article DE frontiers; inefficiency; Siberia ID CAPITAL-LABOR SUBSTITUTION; X-EFFICIENCY; PANEL DATA; PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY; ECONOMIC-GROWTH; SOVIET-UNION; INDUSTRY; INEFFICIENCY; PROGRESS; REFORM AB Using 1971-90 panel data from a Siberian province, two econometric methods are used side by side to examine technical inefficiency with a suggestion as to how the methods might be used in sequence. Estimates derived from a random effects method reveal that technical inefficiency is both substantial and not time invariant. Results using either a random or fixed effects method suggest that existing estimates of technical inefficiency in centrally planned economies may be biased downward because of the choice of the estimation method. Using either method, the increasing technical inefficiency found is likely to be one cause of the decline in the performance of centrally planned economies and their regions. C1 USAID, Program Econ Unit, Moscow, Russia. RP Brock, GJ (reprint author), USAID, Program Econ Unit, Moscow, Russia. RI brock, gregory/I-5426-2013 NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-0451 J9 ECON PLANN JI Econ. Plann. PY 1999 VL 32 IS 1 BP 23 EP 44 DI 10.1023/A:1003268210349 PG 22 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 209MA UT WOS:000081050800002 ER PT S AU Daulaire, NMP AF Daulaire, NMP BE Grossman, DC Valtin, H TI Global health, population growth, and United States policy SO GREAT ISSUES FOR MEDICINE IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: ETHICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES ARISING OUT OF ADVANCES IN THE BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Great Issues for Medicine in the 21st Century CY SEP 05-07, 1997 CL HANOVER, NEW HAMPSHIRE SP Glaxo Wellcome Inc, Kettering Family Fdn, Off President Dartmouth Coll, Off Provost Dartmouth Coll C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Daulaire, NMP (reprint author), Global Hlth Council, 20 Palmer Court, White River Junction, VT 05001 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-143-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1999 VL 882 BP 192 EP 199 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08548.x PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; History & Philosophy Of Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Health Care Sciences & Services; History & Philosophy of Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BN33K UT WOS:000081643900023 ER PT J AU Wulsin, LR Maddock, R Beitman, B Dawaher, R Wells, VE AF Wulsin, LR Maddock, R Beitman, B Dawaher, R Wells, VE TI Clonazepam treatment of panic disorder in patients with recurrent chest pain and normal coronary arteries SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE panic disorder; anxiety; chest pain; clonazepam; benzodiazepine; clinical trial ID DOUBLE-BLIND; ALPRAZOLAM; DEPRESSION; EMERGENCY; TRIAL AB Objective: To examine the efficacy of clonazepam in chest pain patients with panic disorder and normal coronary arteries. Method: We conducted a placebo controlled, double blind, flexible dose (1-4 mg/d), six-week trial of clonazepam. All subjects (N = 27) had current panic disorder and a negative coronary angiogram or thallium exercise tolerance test within the previous year. Results: Analyses show modest improvements in the clonazepam and placebo groups over the first four weeks in both primary outcome measures. Eight of twelve (67%) clonazepam treated patients responded with reduction of panic attacks by week four to zero per week or half of initial frequency, while seven of fifteen (47%) placebo treated patients responded (not significant). When response was measured by 50 percent reduction in Hamilton Anxiety total score, however, seven of twelve (58%) clonazepam treated patients responded, while two of fifteen (14%) placebo treated patients responded, (p = .038) by Fisher's exact test. Within-subject improvements over the first four weeks were not significantly greater for the clonazepam group than for the placebo group on either outcome measure. Conclusions: These results show a generally good outcome in chest pain patients with panic disorder, and they provide suggestive evidence for the efficacy of clonazepam compared to placebo. This study points to the need for larger, well-funded treatment studies of chest pain patients with panic disorder. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Wulsin, LR (reprint author), 231 Bethesda Ave,ML 559, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RI Maddock, Richard/F-3761-2012; Frank, David/E-8213-2012 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BAYWOOD PUBL CO INC PI AMITYVILLE PA 26 AUSTIN AVE, AMITYVILLE, NY 11701 USA SN 0091-2174 J9 INT J PSYCHIAT MED JI Int. J. Psychiatr. Med. PY 1999 VL 29 IS 1 BP 97 EP 105 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 198PF UT WOS:000080432600008 PM 10376236 ER PT J AU Darnton-Hill, I Mora, JO Weinstein, H Wilbur, S Nalubola, PR AF Darnton-Hill, I Mora, JO Weinstein, H Wilbur, S Nalubola, PR TI Iron and folate fortification in the Americas to prevent and control micronutrient malnutrition: An analysis SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID FOOD FORTIFICATION; FOLIC-ACID; DEFICIENCY; STRATEGIES; ANEMIA AB Although there has been a remarkable decline in the proportion of malnourished children in Latin America, micronutrient deficiencies, especially iron deficiency anemia, remain significant public health problems. A substantial reduction in the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is an important goal for the end of the decade. Interest in fortifying wheat flour and dry-milled maize flour is thus growing, and significant experience in the fortification of flours with iron and the B vitamins, including folate, is emerging. It is necessary to ensure that fortification levels and standards, legislation, and quality assurance and control measures are in place nationally and harmonized regionally. C1 John Snow Inc, US Agcy Int Dev, Opportun Micronutrient Intervent Project, Arlington, VA USA. RP Darnton-Hill, I (reprint author), John Snow Inc, US Agcy Int Dev, Opportun Micronutrient Intervent Project, Arlington, VA USA. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 57 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 166YL UT WOS:000078605600005 PM 10047703 ER PT B AU Turk, JM AF Turk, JM BE Eldridge, D Freudenberger, D TI In defence of the range: USAID's experience in rangeland development projects SO PEOPLE AND RANGELANDS BUILDING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT VIth International Rangeland Congress CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL TOWNSVILLE, AUSTRALIA SP USDA ARS, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, US Dept Interior Bur Land Management, Australian Fed Consortium, Agr Fisheries & Forestry, Australian Fed Consortium Rural Ind Res & Dev Corp, Cooperative Res Ctr Sustainable Dev Trop Savannas, CSIRO Trop Agr, Dept For Int Dev, FAO, Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Australian Agcy Int Dev, Australian Rangeland Soc, UN Environm Program, Agr, WA, CSIRO Wildlife & Ecol, Grassland Soc SO Africa, NSW Agr, NSW Dept Land & Water Conservat, Soc Range Management, Int Conf Support Scheme, Townsville City Council & Townsville Enterprise, Univ NSW, Univ SO Queensland C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Turk, JM (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VI INT RANGELAND CONGRESS INC PI AITKENVALE PA PO BOX 764, AITKENVALE, QLD 4814, AUSTRALIA BN 0-9577394-0-0 PY 1999 BP 165 EP 165 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP58M UT WOS:000085573000063 ER EF