FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Scott, C Walusimbi, S Kirenga, B Joloba, M Winters, M Abdunoor, N Bain, R Alexander, H Shinnick, T Toney, S Odeke, R Mwangi, C Birabwa, E Dejene, S Mugabe, F YaDiul, M Cavanaugh, JS AF Scott, Colleen Walusimbi, Simon Kirenga, Bruce Joloba, Moses Winters, Muttamba Abdunoor, Nyombi Bain, Rommel Alexander, Heather Shinnick, Tom Toney, Sean Odeke, Rosemary Mwangi, Christine Birabwa, Estella Dejene, Seyoum Mugabe, Frank YaDiul, Mukadi Cavanaugh, J. Sean TI Evaluation of Automated Molecular Testing Rollout for Tuberculosis Diagnosis Using Routinely Collected Surveillance Data - Uganda, 2012-2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID XPERT(R) MTB/RIF; SETTINGS; IMPACT AB What is already known about this topic? The World Health Organization recommends use of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay as the initial diagnostic test in adults and children with presumptive HIV-associated TB or multidrug-resistant TB. Currently, data on the effect of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay on case notification or TB treatment outcomes are limited. Published studies indicate the Xpert MTB/RIF assay might improve the proportion of TB diagnoses that are bacteriologically confirmed, but appears to have little effect on overall rate of diagnoses or patient care, especially in locations where clinical diagnosis and empiric TB treatment are high. What is added by this report? This early impact evaluation of the Xpert MTB/RIF rollout demonstrated no apparent increase in overall TB case notification rates after testing became available in Uganda. However, within a few selected districts the proportion of bacteriologically confirmed TB cases did increase after testing became available. These two findings validate previous reports. What are the implications for public health practice? The impact of Xpert MTB/RIF testing on TB case notification has not yet been fully realized in Uganda. Findings from this evaluation will help direct operations research, such as a review of the diagnostic algorithm for TB, as well as programmatic interventions, such as training health care workers on Xpert MTB/RIF usage and results interpretation. C1 [Scott, Colleen] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Scott, Colleen; Bain, Rommel; Alexander, Heather; Shinnick, Tom; Toney, Sean; Cavanaugh, J. Sean] CDC, Div Global HIV & TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Walusimbi, Simon; Kirenga, Bruce; Winters, Muttamba] Makerere Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Lung Inst, Kampala, Uganda. [Joloba, Moses; Abdunoor, Nyombi; Mugabe, Frank] Minist Hlth, TB Leprosy Control Program, Kampala, Uganda. [Odeke, Rosemary; Mwangi, Christine] CDC, Div Global HIV & TB, Kampala, Uganda. [Birabwa, Estella; Dejene, Seyoum] US Agcy Int Dev, Kampala, Uganda. [YaDiul, Mukadi] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Scott, C (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.; Scott, C (reprint author), CDC, Div Global HIV & TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CScott2@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD MAR 31 PY 2017 VL 66 IS 12 BP 339 EP 342 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EQ1BH UT WOS:000397803800006 PM 28358797 ER PT J AU Kozuki, N Oseni, L Mtimuni, A Sethi, R Rashidi, T Kachale, F Rawlins, B Gupta, S AF Kozuki, Naoko Oseni, Lolade Mtimuni, Angella Sethi, Reena Rashidi, Tambudzai Kachale, Fannie Rawlins, Barbara Gupta, Shivam TI Health facility service availability and readiness for intrapartum and immediate postpartum care in Malawi: A cross-sectional survey SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PROGRAM AB This analysis seeks to identify strengths and gaps in the existing facility capacity for intrapar-tum and immediate postpartum fetal and neonatal care, using data collected as a part of Malawi's Helping Babies Breath program evaluation. From August to September 2012, the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) conducted a cross-sectional survey in 84 Malawian health facilities to capture current health facility service availability and readi-ness and health worker capacity and practice pertaining to labor, delivery, and immediate postpartum care. The survey collected data on availability of equipment, supplies, and medi-cations, and health worker knowledge and performance scores on intrapartum care simula-tion and actual management of real clients at a subset of facilities. We ran linear regression models to identify predictors of high simulation performance of routine delivery care and management of asphyxiated newborns across all facilities surveyed. Key supplies for infec-tion prevention and thermal care of the newborn were found to be missing in many of the surveyed facilities. At the health center level, 75% had no clinician trained in basic emer-gency obstetric care or newborn care and 39% had no midwife trained in the same. We observed that there were no proportional increases in available transport and staff at a facility as catchment population increased. In simulations of management of newborns with breathing problems, health workers were able to complete a median of 10 out of 16 tasks for a full-term birth case scenario and 20 out of 30 tasks for a preterm birth case scenario. Health workers who had more years of experience appeared to perform worse. Our study provides a benchmark and highlights gaps for future evaluations and studies as Malawi con-tinues to make strides in improving facility-based care. Further progress in reducing the bur-den of neonatal and fetal death in Malawi will be partly predicated on guaranteeing properly equipped and staffed facilities in addition to ensuring the presence of skilled health workers. C1 [Kozuki, Naoko; Gupta, Shivam] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Oseni, Lolade; Rashidi, Tambudzai] Jhpiego, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Mtimuni, Angella] USAID, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Sethi, Reena; Rawlins, Barbara] Jhpiego, Washington, DC USA. [Kachale, Fannie] Malawi Minist Hlth, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Gupta, S (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM sgupta23@jhu.edu FU USAID through the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program; SSDI-Services bilateral program in Malawi FX We acknowledge support from USAID through the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program and the SSDI-Services bilateral program in Malawi. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 16 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 3 AR e0172492 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0172492 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN9KE UT WOS:000396318300015 PM 28301484 ER PT J AU Laurens, MB Kouriba, B Bergmann-Leitner, E Angov, E Coulibaly, D Diarra, I Daou, M Niangaly, A Blackwelder, WC Wu, YK Cohen, J Ballou, WR Vekemans, J Lanar, DE Dutta, S Diggs, C Soisson, L Heppner, DG Doumbo, OK Plowe, CV Thera, MA AF Laurens, Matthew B. Kouriba, Bourema Bergmann-Leitner, Elke Angov, Evelina Coulibaly, Drissa Diarra, Issa Daou, Modibo Niangaly, Amadou Blackwelder, William C. Wu, Yukun Cohen, Joe Ballou, W. Ripley Vekemans, Johan Lanar, David E. Dutta, Sheetij Diggs, Carter Soisson, Lorraine Heppner, D. Gray Doumbo, Ogobara K. Plowe, Christopher V. Thera, Mahamadou A. TI Strain-specific Plasmodium falciparum growth inhibition among Malian children immunized with a blood-stage malaria vaccine SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; GLUTAMATE-RICH PROTEIN; IN-VITRO; PARASITE GROWTH; CLINICAL MALARIA; ANTIBODIES; PROTECTION; TRIAL; CANDIDATE; MONOCYTES AB The blood-stage malaria vaccine FMP2.1/AS02A, comprised of recombinant Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) and the adjuvant system AS02A, had strain-specific efficacy against clinical malaria caused by P. falciparum with the vaccine strain 3D7 AMA1 sequence. To evaluate a potential correlate of protection, we measured the ability of participant sera to inhibit growth of 3D7 and FVO strains in vitro using high-throughput growth inhibition assay (GIA) testing. Sera from 400 children randomized to receive either malaria vaccine or a control rabies vaccine were assessed at baseline and over two annual malaria transmission seasons after immunization. Baseline GIA against vaccine strain 3D7 and FVO strain was similar in both groups, but more children in the malaria vaccine group than in the control group had 3D7 and FVO GIA activity >= 15% 30 days after the last vaccination (day 90) (49% vs. 16%, p<0.0001; and 71.8% vs. 60.4%, p = 0.02). From baseline to day 90, 3D7 GIA in the vaccine group was 7.4 times the mean increase in the control group (p<0.0001). In AMA1 vaccinees, 3D7 GIA activity subsequently returned to baseline one year after vaccination (day 364) and did not correlate with efficacy in the extended efficacy time period to day 730. In Cox proportional hazards regression models with time-varying covariates, there was a slight suggestion of an association between 3D7 GIA activity and increased risk of clinical malaria between day 90 and day 240. We conclude that vaccination with this AMA1-based malaria vaccine increased inhibition of parasite growth, but this increase was not associated with allele-specific efficacy in the first malaria season. These results provide a framework for testing functional immune correlates of protection against clinical malaria in field trials, and will help to guide similar analyses for next-generation malaria vaccines. C1 [Laurens, Matthew B.; Blackwelder, William C.; Wu, Yukun; Plowe, Christopher V.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Inst Global Hlth, Div Malaria Res, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Kouriba, Bourema; Coulibaly, Drissa; Diarra, Issa; Daou, Modibo; Niangaly, Amadou; Doumbo, Ogobara K.; Thera, Mahamadou A.] Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. [Bergmann-Leitner, Elke; Angov, Evelina; Lanar, David E.; Dutta, Sheetij; Heppner, D. Gray] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Cohen, Joe; Ballou, W. Ripley; Vekemans, Johan] GSK Vaccines, Rixensart, Belgium. [Diggs, Carter; Soisson, Lorraine] US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Vekemans, Johan] World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Laurens, MB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Inst Global Hlth, Div Malaria Res, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM mlaurens@medicine.umaryland.edu FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [N01AI85346, U19AI065683, HHSN272200800013C]; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health [D43TW001589]; Department of Defense [W81XWH-06-1-0427]; U.S. Agency for International Development for site development and the conduct of the trial; U.S. Agency for International Development; Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, Fort Detrick, MD; Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Distinguished Clinical Scientist Award; Howard Hughes Medical Institute FX Supported by a contract (N01AI85346) and a cooperative agreement (U19AI065683) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, a grant (D43TW001589) from the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, and a contract (W81XWH-06-1-0427) from the Department of Defense and the U.S. Agency for International Development for site development and the conduct of the trial; by a contract (HHSN272200800013C) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases for data management and statistical support; by grants from the U.S. Agency for International Development and the Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, Fort Detrick, MD, for vaccine production and laboratory assays; and by the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Distinguished Clinical Scientist Award and an award from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (to Dr. Plowe). The funder provided support in the form of salaries for authors [ML, DC, BK, ID, AN, WCB, OD, CP, MT], but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 10 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 3 AR e0173294 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0173294 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN6CJ UT WOS:000396091800027 PM 28282396 ER PT J AU Visser, T Bruxvoort, K Maloney, K Leslie, T Barat, LM Allan, R Ansah, EK Anyanti, J Boulton, I Clarke, SE Cohen, JL Cohen, JM Cutherell, A Dolkart, C Eves, K Fink, G Goodman, C Hutchinson, E Lal, S Mbonye, A Onwujekwe, O Petty, N Pontarollo, J Poyer, S Schellenberg, D Streat, E Ward, A Wiseman, V Whitty, CJM Yeung, SM Cunningham, J Chandler, CIR AF Visser, Theodoor Bruxvoort, Katia Maloney, Kathleen Leslie, Toby Barat, Lawrence M. Allan, Richard Ansah, Evelyn K. Anyanti, Jennifer Boulton, Ian Clarke, Sian E. Cohen, Jessica L. Cohen, Justin M. Cutherell, Andrea Dolkart, Caitlin Eves, Katie Fink, Gunther Goodman, Catherine Hutchinson, Eleanor Lal, Sham Mbonye, Anthony Onwujekwe, Obinna Petty, Nora Pontarollo, Julie Poyer, Stephen Schellenberg, David Streat, Elizabeth Ward, Abigail Wiseman, Virginia Whitty, Christopher J. M. Yeung, Shunmay Cunningham, Jane Chandler, Clare I. R. TI Introducing malaria rapid diagnostic tests in private medicine retail outlets: A systematic literature review SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SPECIALIZED DRUG SHOPS; OF-THE-LITERATURE; HEALTH; MANAGEMENT; UGANDA; INTERVENTIONS; AVAILABILITY; COUNTRIES AB Background Many patients with malaria-like symptoms seek treatment in private medicine retail outlets (PMR) that distribute malaria medicines but do not traditionally provide diagnostic services, potentially leading to overtreatment with antimalarial drugs. To achieve universal access to prompt parasite-based diagnosis, many malaria-endemic countries are considering scaling up malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) in these outlets, an intervention that may require legislative changes and major investments in supporting programs and infrastructures. This review identifies studies that introduced malaria RDTs in PMRs and examines study outcomes and success factors to inform scale up decisions. Methods Published and unpublished studies that introduced malaria RDTs in PMRs were systematically identified and reviewed. Literature published before November 2016 was searched in six electronic databases, and unpublished studies were identified through personal contacts and stakeholder meetings. Outcomes were extracted from publications or provided by principal investigators. Results Six published and six unpublished studies were found. Most studies took place in subSaharan Africa and were small-scale pilots of RDT introduction in drug shops or pharmacies. None of the studies assessed large-scale implementation in PMRs. RDT uptake varied widely from 8%-100%. Provision of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for patients testing positive ranged from 30%-99%, and was more than 85% in five studies. Of those testing negative, provision of antimalarials varied from 2%-83% and was less than 20% in eight studies. Longer provider training, lower RDT retail prices and frequent supervision appeared to have a positive effect on RDT uptake and provider adherence to test results. Performance of RDTs by PMR vendors was generally good, but disposal of medical waste and referral of patients to public facilities were common challenges. Conclusions Expanding services of PMRs to include malaria diagnostic services may hold great promise to improve malaria case management and curb overtreatment with antimalarials. However, doing so will require careful planning, investment and additional research to develop and sustain effective training, supervision, waste-management, referral and surveillance programs beyond the public sector. C1 [Visser, Theodoor; Anyanti, Jennifer; Cohen, Justin M.; Eves, Katie; Goodman, Catherine; Mbonye, Anthony] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, Boston, MA USA. [Leslie, Toby; Anyanti, Jennifer; Cohen, Jessica L.; Dolkart, Caitlin; Lal, Sham; Onwujekwe, Obinna] London Sch Hyg Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth & Dev, London, England. [Maloney, Kathleen; Ansah, Evelyn K.; Boulton, Ian; Cohen, Justin M.; Eves, Katie; Fink, Gunther] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. [Bruxvoort, Katia; Allan, Richard; Clarke, Sian E.; Dolkart, Caitlin; Eves, Katie] US Presidents Malaria Initiat, US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Bruxvoort, Katia; Allan, Richard; Boulton, Ian; Cutherell, Andrea; Eves, Katie; Hutchinson, Eleanor; Mbonye, Anthony; Petty, Nora] Mentor Initiat, Leicester, W Sussex, England. [Barat, Lawrence M.; Dolkart, Caitlin; Goodman, Catherine; Hutchinson, Eleanor; Onwujekwe, Obinna; Streat, Elizabeth; Yeung, Shunmay] Ghana Hlth Serv, Res Dev Div, Accra, Ghana. [Bruxvoort, Katia; Cohen, Justin M.; Cutherell, Andrea; Petty, Nora] Soc Family Hlth, Abuja, Nigeria. [Barat, Lawrence M.; Eves, Katie; Fink, Gunther; Mbonye, Anthony] TropMed Pharma Consulting, Lower Shiplake, Oxon, England. [Boulton, Ian; Cohen, Justin M.; Dolkart, Caitlin; Petty, Nora] London Sch Hyg Trop Med, Dept Dis Control, London, England. [Leslie, Toby; Cohen, Jessica L.; Eves, Katie; Lal, Sham; Petty, Nora] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Clarke, Sian E.; Dolkart, Caitlin] Populat Serv Int, Nairobi, Kenya. [Cutherell, Andrea; Goodman, Catherine] Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. [Barat, Lawrence M.; Lal, Sham; Petty, Nora] Univ Enugu, Agbani, Enugu State, Nigeria. [Anyanti, Jennifer; Cohen, Jessica L.; Dolkart, Caitlin; Eves, Katie; Goodman, Catherine] Malaria Consortium, London, England. [Boulton, Ian; Cohen, Jessica L.; Cohen, Justin M.; Cutherell, Andrea; Dolkart, Caitlin; Fink, Gunther] Univ New South Wales, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Eves, Katie; Fink, Gunther; Goodman, Catherine; Mbonye, Anthony] London Sch Hyg Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London, England. [Maloney, Kathleen; Mbonye, Anthony] WHO, Global Malaria Program, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Visser, T (reprint author), Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, Boston, MA USA. EM tvisser@clintonhealthaccess.org FU Gates Foundation [23451]; Department for International Development; ACT Consortium; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; US President's Malaria Initiative; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Institutional Strategic Support Fund; Welcome Trust; UNITAID FX One co-author (IB) is employed by a commercial company: TropMed Pharma Consulting. The co-author's contributions related to the manuscript were part of a project by the Roll Back Malaria initiative (RBM), a global platform of more than 500 partners that work in malaria, through a consultancy contract with Gates Foundation, contract Number 23451. The coauthor IB contributed to the manuscript by reviewing and editing the manuscript. The funder provided support in the form of salaries for the author [IB], but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Other funding organizations include the Department for International Development (TV), the ACT Consortium, which is funded through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (KB and LB), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (KM), US President's Malaria Initiative (LMB) and a fellowship from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Institutional Strategic Support Fund with the Welcome Trust (CIRC). JC is a staff member of the WHO Global Malaria Program and funded through a grant from UNITAID. Support for the meeting: Diagnostic Testing in the Retail Private Sector: Lessons Learned was provided by ACT Consortium, US President's Malaria Initiative, and the Roll Back Malaria initiative. Support for the consultative work on fever case management in the private health care sector in Africa was provided by ACT Consortium. Similar to the funders supporting IB, these funding organizations did not play a role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript and only provided financial support in the form of authors' salaries, costs related to organizing the meetings and/or research materials. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 2 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 3 AR e1073093 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0173093 PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN4XX UT WOS:000396011300071 PM 28253315 ER PT J AU Marshak, A Young, H Bontrager, EN Boyd, EM AF Marshak, Anastasia Young, Helen Bontrager, Elizabeth N. Boyd, Erin M. TI The Relationship Between Acute Malnutrition, Hygiene Practices, Water and Livestock, and Their Program Implications in Eastern Chad SO FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE acute malnutrition; wasting; water; hygiene behaviors; livestock; Chad ID CHILD NUTRITION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; INFECTION; COUNTRIES; AFRICA; INCOME; FOOD AB Background: The causes of acute malnutrition are complex and time and geography variant and need to be better understood in order to both design more effective nutrition programs and evaluate them. The findings reported here are part of an evaluation of a 4-year multisectoral nutrition program led by Concern Worldwide in the Sila Region of eastern Chad. Objective: To present evidence and learning about the relationships between acute malnutrition and potential drivers in Sila, Chad. Methods: Quantitative household-level data from a clustered randomized control trial were collected in November/December 2014. The survey was complemented with water quality testing and qualitative data collected in February and March 2013 and 2014. Results: Households who reported not regularly cleaning the container used for transporting water for household consumption were almost twice as likely to have a malnourished child. Households living in villages with larger concentrations of cattle and having more livestock sharing the same water source as for human consumption were significantly more likely to have a malnourished child. However, cleaning the water container mediated the negative impact of living in a village with a large cattle concentration on wasting. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that hygiene practices and livestock water management are correlated with acute malnutrition in Sila, Chad. These findings provide a hypothesis for a possible pathogen driving acute malnutrition ratesCryptosporidiumas part of a complex water chain, whereby the source of infection may be mitigated by hygiene behaviors with important implications for humanitarian programs. C1 [Marshak, Anastasia; Young, Helen] Tufts Univ, Feinstein Int Ctr, 114 Curtis St, Somerville, MA 02144 USA. [Marshak, Anastasia; Young, Helen; Boyd, Erin M.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Bontrager, Elizabeth N.; Boyd, Erin M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Marshak, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Feinstein Int Ctr, 114 Curtis St, Somerville, MA 02144 USA. EM anastasia.marshak@tufts.edu FU Irish Aid FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research and publication was funded by Irish Aid. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0379-5721 EI 1564-8265 J9 FOOD NUTR BULL JI Food Nutr. Bull. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 38 IS 1 BP 115 EP 127 DI 10.1177/0379572116681682 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA EL5QN UT WOS:000394676000010 ER PT J AU Thwing, J Ba, F Diaby, A Diedhiou, Y Sylla, A Sall, G Diouf, MB Gueye, AB Gaye, S Ndiop, M Cisse, M Ndiaye, D Ba, M AF Thwing, Julie Ba, Fatou Diaby, Alou Diedhiou, Younouss Sylla, Assane Sall, Guelaye Diouf, Mame Birame Gueye, Alioune Badara Gaye, Seynabou Ndiop, Medoune Cisse, Moustapha Ndiaye, Daouda Ba, Mady TI Assessment of the utility of a symptom-based algorithm for identifying febrile patients for malaria diagnostic testing in Senegal SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Diagnosis; Treatment; Algorithm; Fever; Case management; Rapid diagnostic test ID ATTRIBUTABLE FRACTION; CASE-DEFINITION; FEVER; TRANSMISSION; CHILDREN; SEASON; AREA AB Background: Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) enable point-of-care testing to be nearly as sensitive and specific as reference microscopy. The Senegal National Malaria Control Programme introduced RDTs in 2007, along with a case management algorithm for uncomplicated febrile illness, in which the first step stipulates that if a febrile patient of any age has symptoms indicative of febrile illness other than malaria (e. g., cough or rash), they would not be tested for malaria, but treated for the apparent illness and receive an RDT for malaria only if they returned in 48 h without improvement. Methods: A year-long study in 16 health posts was conducted to determine the algorithm's capacity to identify patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection identifiable by RDT. Health post personnel enrolled patients of all ages with fever (>= 37.5 degrees C) or history of fever in the previous 2 days. After clinical assessment, a nurse staffing the health post determined whether a patient should receive an RDT according to the diagnostic algorithm, but performed an RDT for all enrolled patients. Results: Over 1 year, 6039 patients were enrolled and 58% (3483) were determined to require an RDT according to the algorithm. Overall, 23% (1373/6039) had a positive RDT, 34% (1130/3376) during rainy season and 9% (243/2661) during dry season. The first step of the algorithm identified only 78% of patients with a positive RDT, varying by transmission season (rainy 80%, dry 70%), malaria transmission zone (high 75%, low 95%), and age group (under 5 years 68%, 5 years and older 84%). Conclusions: In all but the lowest malaria transmission zone, use of the algorithm excludes an unacceptably large proportion of patients with malaria from receiving an RDT at their first visit, denying them timely diagnosis and treatment. While the algorithm was adopted within a context of malaria control and scarce resources, with the goal of treating patients with symptomatic malaria, Senegal has now adopted a policy of universal diagnosis of patients with fever or history of fever. In addition, in the current context of malaria elimination, the paradigm of case management needs to shift towards the identification and treatment of all patients with malaria infection. C1 [Thwing, Julie] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Thwing, Julie] US Presidents Malaria Initiat, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Ba, Fatou; Gueye, Alioune Badara; Gaye, Seynabou; Ndiop, Medoune; Cisse, Moustapha; Ba, Mady] Senegal Natl Malaria Control Programme, Dakar, Senegal. [Diaby, Alou; Sylla, Assane; Sall, Guelaye] Hop Dantec, Serv Pediat, Dakar, Senegal. [Diedhiou, Younouss] Hop Dantec, Parasitol Serv, Dakar, Senegal. [Diouf, Mame Birame] US Agcy Int Dev, Dakar, Senegal. [Ndiaye, Daouda] Univ Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal. [Ba, Mady] WHO, Dakar, Senegal. RP Thwing, J (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.; Thwing, J (reprint author), US Presidents Malaria Initiat, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM fez3@cdc.gov FU President's Malaria Initiative (PMI); US Agency for International Development; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX This work was made possible through support provided by the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI), and the US Agency for International Development, under the terms of an Interagency Agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). A representative of PMI participated in design, implementation, analysis, and interpretation of results. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Agency for International Development or CDC. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 16 AR 95 DI 10.1186/s12936-017-1750-y PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA EN9CT UT WOS:000396299000001 PM 28249580 ER PT J AU Hannah, L Donatti, CI Harvey, CA Alfaro, E Rodriguez, DA Bouroncle, C Castellanos, E Diaz, F Fung, E Hidalgo, HG Imbach, P Laderach, P Landrum, JP Solano, AL AF Hannah, Lee Donatti, Camila I. Harvey, Celia A. Alfaro, Eric Rodriguez, Daniel Andres Bouroncle, Claudia Castellanos, Edwin Diaz, Freddy Fung, Emily Hidalgo, Hugo G. Imbach, Pablo Laederach, Peter Landrum, Jason P. Lucia Solano, Ana TI Regional modeling of climate change impacts on smallholder agriculture and ecosystems in Central America SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL FORESTS; COFFEE; OPTIONS; TRENDS AB Climate change will have serious repercussions for agriculture, ecosystems, and farmer livelihoods in Central America. Smallholder farmers are particularly vulnerable due to their reliance on agriculture and ecosystem services for their livelihoods. There is an urgent need to develop national and local adaptation responses to reduce these impacts, yet evidence from historical climate change is fragmentary. Modeling efforts help bridge this gap. Here, we review the past decade of research on agricultural and ecological climate change impact models for Central America. The results of this review provide insights into the expected impacts of climate change and suggest policy actions that can help minimize these impacts. Modeling indicates future climate-driven changes, often declines, in suitability for Central American crops. Declines in suitability for coffee, a central crop in the regional economy, are noteworthy. Ecosystem models suggest that climate-driven changes are likely at low- and high-elevation montane forest transitions. Modeling of vulnerability suggests that smallholders in many parts of the region have one or more vulnerability factors that put them at risk. Initial adaptation policies can be guided by these existing modeling results. At the same time, improved modeling is being developed that will allow policy action specifically targeted to vulnerable groups, crops, and locations. We suggest that more robust modeling of ecological responses to climate change, improved representation of the region in climate models, and simulation of climate influences on crop yields and diseases (especially coffee leaf rust) are key priorities for future research. C1 [Hannah, Lee; Donatti, Camila I.; Harvey, Celia A.] Conservat Int, Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Alfaro, Eric; Hidalgo, Hugo G.] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Geophys Res, San Pedro, Costa Rica. [Alfaro, Eric; Hidalgo, Hugo G.] Univ Costa Rica, Sch Phys, San Pedro, Costa Rica. [Rodriguez, Daniel Andres] Natl Inst Space Res Brazil, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Bouroncle, Claudia; Fung, Emily; Imbach, Pablo] Trop Agr Res & Higher Educ Ctr CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. [Castellanos, Edwin; Diaz, Freddy; Lucia Solano, Ana] Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Estudios Ambientales & Biodiversidad, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Laederach, Peter] Int Ctr Trop Agr CIAT, CGIAR Program Climate Change Agr & Food Secur CCA, Cali, Colombia. [Landrum, Jason P.] USAID, Amer Assoc Adv Sci AAAS Overseas Fellow Serving, Washington, DC USA. RP Hannah, L (reprint author), Conservat Int, Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM lhannah@conservation.org FU American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science and Technology Policy Overseas Fellowship; AC3 project from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Canada; UCR [805-B6-143, 805-B4-227, 805-B3-600]; CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) FX This work was conducted as part of the CASCADE project (Ecosystem based Adaptation for Smallholder Subsistence and Coffee Farmers in Central America). The project is part of the International Climate Initiative (ICI). German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag. Participation by JPL in this activity was supported by an American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science and Technology Policy Overseas Fellowship served at the USAID/El Salvador Central America Regional Program. The views expressed in this document reflect the personal opinions of the author and are entirely the author's own. They do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the US Agency for International Development (USAID), the United States Government, or the AAAS. USAID and AAAS are not responsible for the accuracy of any information supplied herein. PI received financial support from AC3 project from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Canada. EA and HH also thank the UCR grants 805-B6-143 (UCR, CONICIT-MICITT), 805-B4-227, and 805-B3-600. The participation of PL was supported by CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2017 VL 141 IS 1 BP 29 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s10584-016-1867-y PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM3GC UT WOS:000395201500003 ER PT J AU Boldosser-Boesch, A Brun, M Carvajal, L Chou, D de Bernis, L Fogg, K Hill, K Jolivet, R McCallon, B Moran, A Say, L Smith, J Stanton, ME ten Hoope-Bender, P Wegner, MN AF Boldosser-Boesch, Amy Brun, Michel Carvajal, Liliana Chou, Doris de Bernis, Luc Fogg, Karen Hill, Kathleen Jolivet, Rima McCallon, Betsy Moran, Allisyn Say, Lale Smith, Jeffrey Stanton, Mary E. ten Hoope-Bender, Petra Wegner, Mary N. CA Ending Preventable Maternal Mortal TI Setting maternal mortality targets for the SDGs SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 [Boldosser-Boesch, Amy] FCI Program Management Sci Hlth, Medford, MA USA. [Brun, Michel; ten Hoope-Bender, Petra] UN Populat Fund UNFPA, New York, NY USA. [Carvajal, Liliana] UNICEF, New York, NY USA. [Chou, Doris; Say, Lale] WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, Geneva, Switzerland. [Fogg, Karen; Moran, Allisyn; Stanton, Mary E.] USAID, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Hill, Kathleen; Smith, Jeffrey] Maternal Child Survival Program, Washington, DC USA. [McCallon, Betsy] White Ribbon Alliance, Washington, DC USA. [Jolivet, Rima; Wegner, Mary N.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Maternal Hlth Task Force Women & Hlth Initiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Jolivet, R (reprint author), Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Maternal Hlth Task Force Women & Hlth Initiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rjolivet@hsph.harvard.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 18 PY 2017 VL 389 IS 10070 BP 696 EP 697 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EL9KK UT WOS:000394938900020 PM 28229871 ER PT J AU Plucinski, MM Dimbu, PR Macaia, AP Ferreira, CM Samutondo, C Quivinja, J Afonso, M Kiniffo, R Mbounga, E Kelley, JS Patel, DS He, Y Talundzic, E Garrett, DO Halsey, ES Udhayakumar, V Ringwald, P Fortes, F AF Plucinski, Mateusz M. Dimbu, Pedro Rafael Macaia, Aleixo Panzo Ferreira, Carolina Miguel Samutondo, Claudete Quivinja, Joltim Afonso, Marilia Kiniffo, Richard Mbounga, Eliane Kelley, Julia S. Patel, Dhruviben S. He, Yun Talundzic, Eldin Garrett, Denise O. Halsey, Eric S. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Ringwald, Pascal Fortes, Filomeno TI Efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine, artesunate-amodiaquine, and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Angola, 2015 SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL PATIENT DATA; ARTEMISININ RESISTANCE; DRUG-RESISTANCE; PFMDR1; POLYMORPHISMS; ASSOCIATION; ALLELES; AFRICA AB Background: Recent anti-malarial resistance monitoring in Angola has shown efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) in certain sites approaching the key 90% lower limit of efficacy recommended for artemisinin-based combination therapy. In addition, a controversial case of malaria unresponsive to artemisinins was reported in a patient infected in Lunda Sul Province in 2013. Methods: During January-June 2015, investigators monitored the clinical and parasitological response of children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infection treated with AL, artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ), or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP). The study comprised two treatment arms in each of three provinces: Benguela (AL, ASAQ), Zaire (AL, DP), and Lunda Sul (ASAQ, DP). Samples from treatment failures were analysed for molecular markers of resistance for artemisinin (K13) and lumefantrine (pfmdr1). Results: A total of 467 children reached a study endpoint. Fifty-four treatment failures were observed: four early treatment failures, 40 re-infections and ten recrudescences. Excluding re-infections, the 28-day microsatellite-corrected efficacy was 96.3% (95% CI 91-100) for AL in Benguela, 99.9% (95-100) for ASAQ in Benguela, 88.1% (81-95) for AL in Zaire, and 100% for ASAQ in Lunda Sul. For DP, the 42-day corrected efficacy was 98.8% (96-100) in Zaire and 100% in Lunda Sul. All treatment failures were wild type for K13, but all AL treatment failures had pfmdr1 haplotypes associated with decreased lumefantrine susceptibility. Conclusions: No evidence was found to corroborate the specific allegation of artemisinin resistance in Lunda Sul. The efficacy below 90% of AL in Zaire matches findings from 2013 from the same site. Further monitoring, particularly including measurement of lumefantrine blood levels, is recommended. C1 [Plucinski, Mateusz M.; Kelley, Julia S.; Patel, Dhruviben S.; He, Yun; Talundzic, Eldin; Garrett, Denise O.; Halsey, Eric S.; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Plucinski, Mateusz M.; Garrett, Denise O.; Halsey, Eric S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dimbu, Pedro Rafael; Ferreira, Carolina Miguel; Afonso, Marilia; Fortes, Filomeno] Minist Hlth, Natl Malaria Control Program, Luanda, Angola. [Macaia, Aleixo Panzo] Agostinho Neto Univ, Fac Med, Luanda, Angola. [Samutondo, Claudete; Quivinja, Joltim] Minist Hlth, Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Programme, Luanda, Angola. [Kiniffo, Richard] WHO, Luanda, Angola. [Mbounga, Eliane] USAID, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Luanda, Angola. [Kelley, Julia S.; Talundzic, Eldin] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ringwald, Pascal] WHO, Global Malaria Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Plucinski, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.; Plucinski, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mplucinski@cdc.gov FU US President's Malaria Initiative (PMI); Global Malaria Programme, WHO; PMI Artemisinin Resistance Monitoring in Africa (PARMA) Network FX The study was funded by the US President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) and the Global Malaria Programme, WHO. Molecular marker testing was funded as part of the PMI Artemisinin Resistance Monitoring in Africa (PARMA) Network. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD FEB 2 PY 2017 VL 16 AR 62 DI 10.1186/s12936-017-1712-4 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA EK0NX UT WOS:000393624500004 PM 28153004 ER PT J AU Brady, MA Stelmach, R Davide-Smith, M Johnson, J Pou, B Koroma, J Frimpong, K Weaver, A AF Brady, Molly A. Stelmach, Rachel Davide-Smith, Margaret Johnson, Jim Pou, Bolivar Koroma, Joseph Frimpong, Kingsley Weaver, Angela TI Costs of Transmission Assessment Surveys to Provide Evidence for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Background To reach the global goal of elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem by 2020, national programs will have to implement a series of transmission assessment surveys (TAS) to determine prevalence of the disease by evaluation unit. It is expected that 4,671 surveys will be required by 2020. Planning in advance for the costs associated with these surveys is essential to ensure that the required resources are available for this essential program activity. Methodology and Findings Retrospective cost data was collected from reports from 13 countries which implemented a total of 105 TAS surveys following a standardized World Health Organization (WHO) protocol between 2012 and 2014. The median cost per survey was $21,170 (including the costs for rapid diagnostic tests [RDTs]) and $9,540 excluding those costs. Median cost per cluster sampled (without RDT costs) was $101. Analysis of costs (excluding RDTs) by category showed that the main cost drivers were personnel and travel. Conclusion Transmission assessment surveys are critical to collect evidence to validate elimination of LF as a public health problem. National programs and donors can use the costing results to adequately plan and forecast the resources required to undertake the necessary activities to conduct high-quality transmission assessment surveys. C1 [Brady, Molly A.; Stelmach, Rachel; Davide-Smith, Margaret] RTI Int, Global Hlth Dept, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Johnson, Jim; Pou, Bolivar; Koroma, Joseph] Global Hlth Populat & Nutr GHPN dept, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Frimpong, Kingsley] Emerging Markets Deloitte Consulting, Accra, Ghana. [Weaver, Angela] United States Agcy Int Dev, Neglected Trop Dis Program, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Brady, MA (reprint author), RTI Int, Global Hlth Dept, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM mbrady@rti.org FU American People through the United States Agency for International Development; ENVISION project [AID-OAA- A-11-00048] FX This work was made possible thanks to the generous support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (https://www.usaid.gov/) and the ENVISION project led by RTI International (AID-OAA- A-11-00048). Additionally, Angela Weaver is employed by USAID. Her specific contributions are detailed in the 'author contributions' section. Via Angela Weaver, USAID contributed to study aims and review of the manuscript, but had no role in data collection and analysis. The authors' views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 11 IS 2 AR e0005097 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005097 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA EN1AD UT WOS:000395741700001 ER PT J AU Tangcharoensathien, V Thwin, AA Patcharanarurnol, W AF Tangcharoensathien, Viroj Thwin, Aye Aye Patcharanarurnol, Walaiporn TI Implementing health insurance for migrants, Thailand SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article AB Problem Undocumented migrant workers are generally ineligible for state social security schemes, and either forego needed health services or pay out of pocket. Approach In 2001, the Thai Ministry of Public Health introduced a policy on migrant health. Migrant health insurance is a voluntary scheme, funded by an annual premium paid by workers. It enables access to health care at public facilities and reduces catastrophic health expenditures for undocumented migrants and their dependants. A range of migrant-friendly services, including trained community health volunteers, was introduced in the community and workplace. In 2014, the government introduced a multisectoral policy on migrants, coordinated across the interior, labour, public health and immigration ministries. Local setting In 2011, around 0.3 million workers, less than 9% of the estimated migrant labour force of 3.5 million, were covered by Thailand's social security scheme. Relevant changes A review of the latest data showed that from April to July 2016, 1 146 979 people (33.7% of the total estimated migrant labourers of 3400 787) applied, were screened and were enrolled in the migrant health insurance scheme. Health volunteers, recruited from migrant communities and workplaces are appreciated by local communities and are effective in promoting health and increasing uptake of health services by migrants. Lessons learnt The capacity ofthe health ministry to innovate and manage migrant health insurance was a crucial factor enabling expanded health insurance coverage for undocumented migrants. Continued policy support will be needed to increase recruitment to the insurance scheme and to scale-up migrant-friendly services. C1 [Tangcharoensathien, Viroj; Patcharanarurnol, Walaiporn] Minist Publ Hlth, Int Hlth Policy Program, Tivanond Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. [Thwin, Aye Aye] United States Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. RP Tangcharoensathien, V (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, Int Hlth Policy Program, Tivanond Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM viroj@ihpp.thaigov.net NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 EI 1564-0604 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 95 IS 2 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.2471/BLT.16.179606 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EJ5PG UT WOS:000393269600018 PM 28250516 ER PT J AU Samireddypalle, A Boukar, O Grings, E Fatokun, CA Kodukula, P Devulapalli, R Okike, I Blummel, M AF Samireddypalle, Anandan Boukar, Ousmane Grings, Elaine Fatokun, Christian A. Kodukula, Prasad Devulapalli, Ravi Okike, Iheanacho Blummel, Michael TI Cowpea and Groundnut Haulms Fodder Trading and Its Lessons for Multidimensional Cowpea Improvement for Mixed Crop Livestock Systems in West Africa SO Frontiers in Plant Science LA English DT Article DE dual purpose cowpea; haulm fodder quality; multi-dimensional crop improvement; heritability of haulm traits; cowpea fodder; groundnut fodder ID L.; TRAITS; LINES; FOOD AB Cowpea is an important legume crop in Africa, valued highly for its grain and also haulms, which are a tradable commodity in fodder markets. Fodder market surveys in Northern Nigeria showed that groundnut haulms were priced higher than cowpea haulms, probably because of their superior nutritive value. The economic value of haulms has prompted cowpea breeders and livestock nutritionists to explore haulm fodder traits as additional selection and breeding criteria. Fifty cowpea genotypes cultivated across five locations in Nigeria in 2013 and 2014 were evaluated for food fodder traits. Significant (P < 0.05) genotypic dependent variations were observed in yields (kg/ha) of grains (537-1082) and haulms (1173-3368), though significant (P < 0.05) effects of location and year were observed. Grain and fodder yield had a tendency to be positively correlated (r = 0.26, P = 0.07). Haulms were analyzed for nitrogen (N), fiber fractions, in vitro digestibility, and metabolizable energy content. Highly significant variations were observed in all genotypic and livestock nutrition traits, although location and year had significant effects. Trade-offs between grain yield and haulm fodder quality traits were largely absent and haulm acid detergent lignin and grain yield were even inversely correlated (r = -0.28, P = 0.05), that is high grain yielders had decreased haulm lignin. However, haulm N and grain yield also tended to be negatively associated (r = -0.26, P = 0.07). Haulm fodder quality traits and haulm yield were mostly positively correlated (P < 0.05). Broad sense heritabilities for grain and fodder yield were 0.50 and 0.29, respectively, while heritability for haulm fodder quality traits ranged from 0.61 to 0.67, providing opportunities for concomitant increase in grain yield and haulm fodder quality traits. Selection of the 10 highest ranking genotypes for grain yield, haulm yield, haulm N. and haulm in vitro organic matter digestibility showed selection groups overlapping, suggesting that multi-trait selection is feasible. Economical evaluation showed that choice of primary traits is context specific, highlighting the need for identifying and targeting appropriate genotypes to fit different production systems. Considering haulm quantity and quality as traits of economic value can increase overall plant value in mixed crop-livestock systems. C1 [Samireddypalle, Anandan; Okike, Iheanacho] Int Livestock Res Inst, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Boukar, Ousmane] Int Inst Trop Agr, Kano, Nigeria. [Grings, Elaine] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Agr Res & Policy, Bur Food Secur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Fatokun, Christian A.] Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Kodukula, Prasad; Devulapalli, Ravi] Int Livestock Res Inst, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Blummel, Michael] Int Livestock Res Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Samireddypalle, A (reprint author), Int Livestock Res Inst, Ibadan, Nigeria. EM a.samireddypalle@cgiar.org FU Livestock and Fish CRP FX Financial assistance form Livestock and Fish CRP for carrying out part of the study are duly acknowledged. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-462X J9 FRONT PLANT SCI JI Front. Plant Sci. PD JAN 31 PY 2017 VL 8 AR 30 DI 10.3389/fpls.2017.00030 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EI9XR UT WOS:000392863400001 PM 28197154 ER PT J AU Martins, RF Fickel, J Le, M Nguyen, TV Nguyen, HM Timmins, R Gan, HM Rovie-Ryan, JJ Lenz, D Forster, DW Wilting, A AF Martins, Renata F. Fickel, Joerns Minh Le Thanh Van Nguyen Nguyen, Ha M. Timmins, Robert Gan, Han Ming Rovie-Ryan, Jeffrine J. Lenz, Dorina Foerster, Daniel W. Wilting, Andreas TI Phylogeography of red muntjacs reveals three distinct mitochondrial lineages SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phylogeography; Archival DNA; Muntjac; Southeast Asia; Species complex ID PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION; SOFTWARE; DISTRIBUTIONS; ARTIODACTYLA; SYSTEMATICS; ALIGNMENT; CERVIDAE; DISJUNCT; BOVIDAE AB Background: The members of the genus Muntiacus are of particular interest to evolutionary biologists due to their extreme chromosomal rearrangements and the ongoing discussions about the number of living species. Red muntjacs have the largest distribution of all muntjacs and were formerly considered as one species. Karyotype differences led to the provisional split between the Southern Red Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) and the Northern Red Muntjac (M. vaginalis), but uncertainties remain as, so far, no phylogenetic study has been conducted. Here, we analysed whole mitochondrial genomes of 59 archival and 16 contemporaneous samples to resolve uncertainties about their taxonomy and used red muntjacs as model for understanding the evolutionary history of other species in Southeast Asia. Results: We found three distinct matrilineal groups of red muntjacs: Sri Lankan red muntjacs (including the Western Ghats) diverged first from other muntjacs about 1.5 Mya; later northern red muntjacs (including North India and Indochina) and southern red muntjacs (Sundaland) split around 1.12 Mya. The diversification of red muntjacs into these three main lineages was likely promoted by two Pleistocene barriers: one through the Indian subcontinent and one separating the Indochinese and Sundaic red muntjacs. Interestingly, we found a high level of gene flow within the populations of northern and southern red muntjacs, indicating gene flow between populations in Indochina and dispersal of red muntjacs over the exposed Sunda Shelf during the Last Glacial Maximum. Conclusions: Our results provide new insights into the evolution of species in South and Southeast Asia as we found clear genetic differentiation in a widespread and generalist species, corresponding to two known biogeographical barriers: The Isthmus of Kra and the central Indian dry zone. In addition, our molecular data support either the delineation of three monotypic species or three subspecies, but more importantly these data highlight the conservation importance of the Sri Lankan/South Indian red muntjac. C1 [Martins, Renata F.; Fickel, Joerns; Lenz, Dorina; Foerster, Daniel W.; Wilting, Andreas] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res IZW, Alfred Kowalke Str 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany. [Fickel, Joerns] Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, Karl Liebknecht Str 22-24, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Minh Le] Vietnam Natl Univ, Hanoi Univ Sci, Fac Environm Sci, 334 Nguyen Trai Rd, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Minh Le; Thanh Van Nguyen; Nguyen, Ha M.] Vietnam Natl Univ, Ctr Nat Resources & Environm Studies, 19 Le Thanh Tong St, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Timmins, Robert] 1123 Monroe St, Evanston, IL 60202 USA. [Gan, Han Ming] Monash Univ Malaysia, Sch Sci, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Malaysia. [Gan, Han Ming] Monash Univ Malaysia, Genom Facil, Trop Med & Biol Multidisciplinary Platform, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia. [Rovie-Ryan, Jeffrine J.] Natl Wildlife Forens Lab, Dept Wildlife & Natl Pk DWNP Peninsular Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56100, Malaysia. [Nguyen, Ha M.] Chemon Int Inc, US Agcy Int Dev, Governance Inclus Growth Program, 115 Tran Hung Dao St, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Martins, RF (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res IZW, Alfred Kowalke Str 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany. EM martins@izw-berlin.de FU Leibniz grant [SAW-2013-IZW-2]; National Foundation for Science and Technology Development of Vietnam (NAFOSTED) [106.152010.30]; Partnerships for Enhanced Engagement in Research (PEER) [USAID-PEER-3-149] FX This project was funded by Leibniz grant SAW-2013-IZW-2. ML was supported by National Foundation for Science and Technology Development of Vietnam (NAFOSTED: Grant Nos. 106.152010.30) and the Partnerships for Enhanced Engagement in Research (PEER) (USAID-PEER-3-149). NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD JAN 26 PY 2017 VL 17 AR 34 DI 10.1186/s12862-017-0888-0 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA EP4DQ UT WOS:000397331200001 PM 28122497 ER PT J AU Aukema, JE Pricope, NG Husak, GJ Lopez-Carr, D AF Aukema, Juliann E. Pricope, Narcisa G. Husak, Gregory J. Lopez-Carr, David TI Biodiversity Areas under Threat: Overlap of Climate Change and Population Pressures on the World's Biodiversity Priorities SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; CONSERVATION PRIORITIES; MANGROVE FORESTS; GLOBAL 200; DEFORESTATION; AFRICA; FUTURE; VULNERABILITY; ECOREGIONS; IMPACT AB Humans and the ecosystem services they depend on are threatened by climate change. Places with high or growing human population as well as increasing climate variability, have a reduced ability to provide ecosystem services just as the need for these services is most critical. A spiral of vulnerability and ecosystem degradation often ensues in such places. We apply different global conservation schemes as proxies to examine the spatial relation between wet season precipitation, population change over three decades, and natural resource conservation. We pose two research questions: 1) Where are biodiversity and ecosystem services vulnerable to the combined effects of climate change and population growth? 2) Where are human populations vulnerable to degraded ecosystem services? Results suggest that globally only about 20% of the area between 50 degrees latitude North and South has experienced significant change-largely wetting-in wet season precipitation. Approximately 40% of rangelands and 30% of rainfed agriculture lands have experienced significant precipitation changes, with important implications for food security. Over recent decades a number of critical conservation areas experienced high population growth concurrent with significant wetting or drying (e.g. the Horn of Africa, Himalaya, Western Ghats, and Sri Lanka), posing challenges not only for human adaptation but also to the protection and sustenance of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Identifying areas of climate and population risk and their overlap with conservation priorities can help to target activities and resources that promote biodiversity and ecosystem services while improving human well-being. C1 [Aukema, Juliann E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Pricope, Narcisa G.] Univ North Carolina Wilmington, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Wilmington, NC USA. [Husak, Gregory J.; Lopez-Carr, David] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Aukema, Juliann E.] US Agcy Int Dev, Global Climate Change Off, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Aukema, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.; Aukema, JE (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Global Climate Change Off, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jaukema@alumni.brown.edu OI PRICOPE, NARCISA/0000-0002-6591-7237 FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; USGS FX The Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations development process was carried out through U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) cooperative agreement #G09AC000001 and #G14AC00042. JEA was supported by a grant to NCEAS from The David and Lucile Packard Foundation. The two grants from USGS supported the creation of the CHIRPS dataset, and the customized trend analysis that supported this paper. While these grants provided the resources for the above activities, the influence of USGS in these activities was minimal. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 26 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 1 AR e0170615 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0170615 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN7IT UT WOS:000396176100085 PM 28125659 ER PT J AU Awad, SF Sgaier, SK Lau, FK Mohamoud, YA Tambatamba, BC Kripke, KE Thomas, AG Bock, N Reed, JB Njeuhmeli, E Abu-Raddad, LJ AF Awad, Susanne F. Sgaier, Sema K. Lau, Fiona K. Mohamoud, Yousra A. Tambatamba, Bushimbwa C. Kripke, Katharine E. Thomas, Anne G. Bock, Naomi Reed, Jason B. Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Abu-Raddad, Laith J. TI Could Circumcision of HIV-Positive Males Benefit Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Programs in Africa? Mathematical Modeling Analysis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; TRANSMISSION; RISK; INFECTION; UGANDA; IMPACT; WOMEN; MEN; PREVENTION AB Background The epidemiological and programmatic implications of inclusivity of HIV-positive males in voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programs are uncertain. We modeled these implications using Zambia as an illustrative example. Methods and Findings We used the Age-Structured Mathematical (ASM) model to evaluate, over an intermediate horizon (2010-2025), the effectiveness (number of VMMCs needed to avert one HIV infection) of VMMC scale-up scenarios with varying proportions of HIV-positive males. The model was calibrated by fitting to HIV prevalence time trend data from 1990 to 2014. We assumed that inclusivity of HIV positive males may benefit VMMC programs by increasing VMMC uptake among higher risk males, or by circumcision reducing HIV male-to-female transmission risk. All analyses were generated assuming no further antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up. The number of VMMCs needed to avert one HIV infection was projected to increase from 12.2 VMMCs per HIV infection averted, in a program that circumcises only HIV-negative males, to 14.0, in a program that includes HIV-positive males. The proportion of HIV-positive males was based on their representation in the population (e.g. 12.6% of those circumcised in 2010 would be HIV-positive based on HIV prevalence among males of 12.6% in 2010). However, if a program that only reaches out to HIV-negative males is associated with 20% lower uptake among higher-risk males, the effectiveness would be 13.2 VMMCs per infection averted. If improved inclusivity of HIV-positive males is associated with 20% higher uptake among higher-risk males, the effectiveness would be 12.4. As the assumed VMMC efficacy against male-to-female HIV transmission was increased from 0% to 20% and 46%, the effectiveness of circumcising regardless of HIV status improved from 14.0 to 11.5 and 9.1, respectively. The reduction in the HIV incidence rate among females increased accordingly, from 24.7% to 34.8% and 50.4%, respectively. Conclusion Improving inclusivity of males in VMMC programs regardless of HIV status increases VMMC effectiveness, if there is moderate increase in VMMC uptake among higher-risk males and/or if there is moderate efficacy for VMMC against male-to-female transmission. In these circumstances, VMMC programs can reduce the HIV incidence rate in males by nearly as much as expected by some ART programs, and additionally, females can benefit from the intervention nearly as much as males. C1 [Awad, Susanne F.; Mohamoud, Yousra A.; Abu-Raddad, Laith J.] Cornell Univ, Weill Cornell Med Coll Qatar, Qatar Fdn, Infect Dis Epidemiol Grp, Doha, Qatar. [Sgaier, Sema K.; Lau, Fiona K.] Surgo Fdn, Washington, DC USA. [Sgaier, Sema K.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA USA. [Sgaier, Sema K.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Tambatamba, Bushimbwa C.] Minist Community Dev & Mother & Child Hlth, Lusaka, Zambia. [Kripke, Katharine E.] Avenir Hlth, Hlth Policy Initiat, Washington, DC USA. [Thomas, Anne G.] US Dept Def, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Bock, Naomi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Reed, Jason B.] Jhpiego, Washington, DC USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Abu-Raddad, Laith J.] Cornell Univ, Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Healthcare Policy & Res, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Abu-Raddad, Laith J.] Hamad bin Khalifa Univ, Qatar Fdn, Coll Publ Hlth, Doha, Qatar. RP Abu-Raddad, LJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Cornell Med Coll Qatar, Qatar Fdn, Infect Dis Epidemiol Grp, Doha, Qatar.; Abu-Raddad, LJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Healthcare Policy & Res, New York, NY 10021 USA.; Abu-Raddad, LJ (reprint author), Hamad bin Khalifa Univ, Qatar Fdn, Coll Publ Hlth, Doha, Qatar. EM lja2002@qatar-med.cornell.edu FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Health Policy Project [AID-OAA-A-10-00067]; U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through USAID FX This publication is based on research funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. K. Kripke acknowledges the support provided by the Health Policy Project, Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-10-00067, with funding from the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through USAID. One of the funders, USAID, represented by E. Njeuhmeli, study co-author, had a role in study design and manuscript preparation. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 24 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 1 AR e0170641 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0170641 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN7CU UT WOS:000396160500019 PM 28118387 ER PT J AU Serbanescu, F Goldberg, HI Danel, I Wuhib, T Marum, L Obiero, W McAuley, J Aceng, J Chomba, E Stupp, PW Conlon, CM AF Serbanescu, Florina Goldberg, Howard I. Danel, Isabella Wuhib, Tadesse Marum, Lawrence Obiero, Walter McAuley, James Aceng, Jane Chomba, Ewlyn Stupp, Paul W. Conlon, Claudia Morrissey TI Rapid reduction of maternal mortality in Uganda and Zambia through the saving mothers, giving life initiative: results of year 1 evaluation SO BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH LA English DT Article DE Maternal mortality; Pregnancy complications; Emergency obstetric care; Verbal autopsy; Low-resource countries; Sub-Saharan Africa ID EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC CARE; INTERVENTIONS; DEATHS; SURVIVAL; RAJASTHAN; CONTEXT; RATIO; COST AB Background: Achieving maternal mortality reduction as a development goal remains a major challenge in most low-resource countries. Saving Mothers, Giving Life (SMGL) is a multi-partner initiative designed to reduce maternal mortality rapidly in high mortality settings through community and facility evidence-based interventions and district-wide health systems strengthening that could reduce delays to appropriate obstetric care. Methods: An evaluation employing multiple studies and data collection methods was used to compare baseline maternal outcomes to those during Year 1 in SMGL pilot districts in Uganda and Zambia. Studies include health facility assessments, pregnancy outcome monitoring, enhanced maternal mortality detection in facilities, and population-based investigation of community maternal deaths. Population-based evaluation used standard approaches and comparable indicators to measure outcome and impact, and to allow comparison of the SMGL implementation in unique country contexts. Results: The evaluation found a 30% reduction in the population-based maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Uganda during Year 1, from 452 to 316 per 100,000 live births. The MMR in health facilities declined by 35% in each country (from 534 to 345 in Uganda and from 310 to 202 in Zambia). The institutional delivery rate increased by 62% in Uganda and 35% in Zambia. The number of facilities providing emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) rose from 10 to 25 in Uganda and from 7 to 11 in Zambia. Partial EmONC care became available in many more low and mid-level facilities. Cesarean section rates for all births increased by 23% in Uganda and 15% in Zambia. The proportion of women with childbirth complications delivered in EmONC facilities rose by 25% in Uganda and 23% in Zambia. Facility case fatality rates fell from 2.6 to 2.0% in Uganda and 3.1 to 2.0% in Zambia. Conclusions: Maternal mortality ratios fell significantly in one year in Uganda and Zambia following the introduction of the SMGL model. This model employed a comprehensive district system strengthening approach. The lessons learned from SMGL can inform policymakers and program managers in other low and middle income settings where similar approaches could be utilized to rapidly reduce preventable maternal deaths. C1 [Serbanescu, Florina; Goldberg, Howard I.; Danel, Isabella; Stupp, Paul W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Wuhib, Tadesse; Obiero, Walter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Uganda Country Off, Plot 51-59 Nakiwogo Rd, Entebbe, Uganda. [Marum, Lawrence; McAuley, James] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Zambia Country Off, Minist Hlth, 351 Independence Ave, Lusaka 10101, Zambia. [Aceng, Jane] Uganda Minist Hlth, 6 Lourdel Rd, Kampala, Uganda. [Chomba, Ewlyn] Zambia Minist Hlth, Ndeke House,Haile Selassie Ave, Lusaka, Zambia. [Conlon, Claudia Morrissey] US Agcy Int Dev, 2100 Crystal Dr, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Serbanescu, Florina; Wuhib, Tadesse; Marum, Lawrence; McAuley, James; Stupp, Paul W.; Conlon, Claudia Morrissey] Saving Mothers Giving Life Res Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Serbanescu, Florina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Field Support Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS F74, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Serbanescu, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.; Serbanescu, F (reprint author), Saving Mothers Giving Life Res Grp, Atlanta, GA USA.; Serbanescu, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Field Support Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS F74, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM fserbanescu@cdc.gov FU CDC, Atlanta, Georgia [GPS003057, GPS002918]; USAID, Washington, D.C FX Phase 1 SMGL implementation was primarily funded by CDC, Atlanta, Georgia (Cooperative agreements GPS003057 and GPS002918) and USAID, Washington, D.C. The funding agencies had no influence or control over the content of this article, which is the responsibility of the authors. Views represented in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not represent those of the US Government. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2393 J9 BMC PREGNANCY CHILDB JI BMC Pregnancy Childbirth PD JAN 19 PY 2017 VL 17 AR 42 DI 10.1186/s12884-017-1222-y PG 14 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA EJ0GK UT WOS:000392886400004 PM 28103836 ER PT J AU Molla, YB Rawlins, B Makanga, PT Cunningham, M Avila, JEH Ruktanonchai, CW Singh, K Alford, S Thompson, M Dwivedi, V Moran, AC Matthews, Z AF Molla, Yordanos B. Rawlins, Barbara Makanga, Prestige Tatenda Cunningham, Marc Hernandez Avila, Juan Eugenio Ruktanonchai, Corrine Warren Singh, Kavita Alford, Sylvia Thompson, Mira Dwivedi, Vikas Moran, Allisyn C. Matthews, Zoe TI Geographic information system for improving maternal and newborn health: recommendations for policy and programs SO BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH LA English DT Article DE Maternal; Newborn; Mortality; GIS; Mapping ID SURVEILLANCE AB This correspondence argues and offers recommendations for how Geographic Information System (GIS) applied to maternal and newborn health data could potentially be used as part of the broader efforts for ending preventable maternal and newborn mortality. These recommendations were generated from a technical consultation on reporting and mapping maternal deaths that was held in Washington, DC from January 12 to 13, 2015 and hosted by the United States Agency for International Development's (USAID) global Maternal and Child Survival Program (MCSP). Approximately 72 participants from over 25 global health organizations, government agencies, donors, universities, and other groups participated in the meeting. The meeting placed emphases on how improved use of mapping could contribute to the post-2015 United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), agenda in general and to contribute to better maternal and neonatal health outcomes in particular. Researchers and policy makers have been calling for more equitable improvement in Maternal and Newborn Health (MNH), specifically addressing hard-to-reach populations at sub-national levels. Data visualization using mapping and geospatial analyses play a significant role in addressing the emerging need for improved spatial investigation at subnational scale. This correspondence identifies key challenges and recommendations so GIS may be better applied to maternal health programs in resource poor settings. The challenges and recommendations are broadly grouped into three categories: ancillary geospatial and MNH data sources, technical and human resources needs and community participation. C1 [Molla, Yordanos B.] USAIDs Maternal & Child Survival Program Save Chi, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Molla, Yordanos B.] USAIDs Maternal & Child Survival Program Save Chi, 14136 Grand Pre Rd 34, Silver Spring, MD 20906 USA. [Rawlins, Barbara; Thompson, Mira] USAIDs Maternal & Child Survival Program Jhpiego, Washington, DC USA. [Makanga, Prestige Tatenda] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Geog, Burnaby, BC, Canada. [Makanga, Prestige Tatenda] Midlands State Univ, Dept Surveying & Geomat, Gweru, Zimbabwe. [Cunningham, Marc] John Snow Inc, MEASURE Evaluat, Rosslyn, VA USA. [Hernandez Avila, Juan Eugenio] Natl Inst Publ Hlth Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [Ruktanonchai, Corrine Warren] Univ Southampton, Geog & Environm, Southampton, Hants, England. [Singh, Kavita] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, MEASURE Evaluat Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Singh, Kavita] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Alford, Sylvia; Moran, Allisyn C.] USAID, Global Hlth Fellows Program 2, Washington, DC USA. [Dwivedi, Vikas] John Snow Inc, USAIDs Maternal & Child Survival Program, Washington, DC USA. [Matthews, Zoe] Univ Southampton, Dept Social Stat & Demog, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Molla, YB (reprint author), USAIDs Maternal & Child Survival Program Save Chi, Washington, DC 20036 USA.; Molla, YB (reprint author), USAIDs Maternal & Child Survival Program Save Chi, 14136 Grand Pre Rd 34, Silver Spring, MD 20906 USA. EM ymolla@savechildren.org OI Ruktanonchai, Corrine/0000-0002-7889-3473 FU USAID FX This manuscript is based on a workshop funded by USAID. The views expressed in this paper reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the US Government or USAID. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2393 J9 BMC PREGNANCY CHILDB JI BMC Pregnancy Childbirth PD JAN 11 PY 2017 VL 17 AR 26 DI 10.1186/s12884-016-1199-y PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA EH4WX UT WOS:000391773400005 PM 28077095 ER PT J AU Tupasi, T Garfin, AMCG Mangan, JM Orillaza-Chi, R Naval, LC Balane, GI Basilio, R Golubkov, A Joson, ES Lew, WJ Lofranco, V Mantala, M Pancho, S Sarol, JN Blumberg, A Burt, D Kurbatova, EV AF Tupasi, T. Garfin, A. M. C. G. Mangan, J. M. Orillaza-Chi, R. Naval, L. C. Balane, G. I. Basilio, R. Golubkov, A. Joson, E. S. Lew, W-J. Lofranco, V. Mantala, M. Pancho, S. Sarol, J. N., Jr. Blumberg, A. Burt, D. Kurbatova, E. V. TI Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients' views of interventions to reduce treatment loss to follow-up SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE adherence; incentives; enablers, patient-centered; qualitative study ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ANTITUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT; TREATMENT OUTCOMES; ECONOMIC SUPPORT; SOUTH-AFRICA; TRUST; PHYSICIANS; LESSONS AB SETTING: Patients who initiated treatment for multi drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) at 15 Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis (PMDT) health facilities in the Philippines between July and December 2012. OBJECTIVES: To describe patients' views of current interventions, and suggest changes likely to reduce MDR-TB loss to follow-up. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted between April and July 2014 with MDR-TB patients who were undergoing treatment, had finished treatment at the time of the interview (controls), or had been lost to follow-up (LTFU). Responses were thematically analyzed. RESULTS: Interviews were conducted with 182 patients who were undergoing or had completed treatment and 91 LTFU patients. Views and suggestions could be thematically categorized as approaches to facilitate adherence or address barriers to adherence. The top themes were the need for transportation assistance or improvements to the current transportation assistance program, food assistance, and difficulties patients encountered related to their medications. These themes were addressed by respectively 63%, 60%, and 32% of the participants. CONCLUSIONS: A more patient-centered approach is needed to improve MDR-TB treatment adherence. Programs should strive to provide assistance that considers patient preferences, is adequate to cover actual costs or needs, and is delivered in a timely, uninterrupted manner. C1 [Tupasi, T.; Naval, L. C.; Balane, G. I.; Joson, E. S.; Sarol, J. N., Jr.] Trop Dis Fdn Inc, Makati, Philippines. [Garfin, A. M. C. G.; Basilio, R.] Dept Hlth, Natl TB Control Program, Manila, Philippines. [Mangan, J. M.; Blumberg, A.; Burt, D.; Kurbatova, E. V.] CDCP, Atlanta, GA USA. [Orillaza-Chi, R.] Philippine Business Social Progress Innovat & Mul, Manila, Philippines. [Golubkov, A.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Lew, W-J.] WHO Philippines, Manila, Philippines. [Lofranco, V.; Pancho, S.] Lung Ctr Philippines, Natl Ctr Pulm Res, Quezon City, Philippines. [Mantala, M.] Dept Hlth, Manila, Philippines. RP Mangan, JM (reprint author), US CDCP, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E10, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM bpy4@cdc.gov FU US Agency for International Development (USAID) Philippines (Manila, The Philippines); Philippine Business for Social Progress for the Innovations and Multisectoral Partnership to Achieve Control of Tuberculosis (IMPACT) project FX This work was supported by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) Philippines (Manila, The Philippines) through a cooperative agreement with Philippine Business for Social Progress for the Innovations and Multisectoral Partnership to Achieve Control of Tuberculosis (IMPACT) project. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 EI 1815-7920 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 21 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.5588/ijtld.16.0433 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA EP7JH UT WOS:000397553600007 PM 28157461 ER PT J AU Parker, L Francois, K Desinor, O Cela, T Foreit, KGF AF Parker, Lisa Francois, Kednel Desinor, Olbeg Cela, Toni Foreit, Karen G. Fleischman TI A qualitative analysis of savings and internal lending communities in Haiti - do they make a difference? SO VULNERABLE CHILDREN AND YOUTH STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Household economic strengthening; savings and lending groups; Haiti; evaluation; qualitative; sustainability AB In 2013, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/Haiti commissioned an external qualitative assessment of a four-year Savings and Internal Lending Community (SILC) activity funded by USAID that had recently ended. USAID wanted to know whether SILC met members' needs; had an impact on individual, child and household well-being; whether SILC groups continued after donor support ended, and why or why not. Using a purposive sample of high-and low-performing groups, in-depth interviews were conducted with SILC members and programme implementers including community mobilizers (CMs) and programme staff. Focus group discussions were conducted with SILC members. Interviews and discussions were conducted in Creole, translated verbatim into English and analysed in Atlas-TI. Respondents reported that SILC group activities met members' needs; members used loans and share-out funds for business investments, school fees, health-related expenses, household consumption of purchasing land or livestock; and that SILC groups differed from other financial institutions due to lower interest rates, sense of ownership of funds, and community solidarity and collective action. Many groups remained active and new groups were created after donor support ended. Other groups disbanded when stipends for CMs ceased, due to lack of engagement from CMs, reduced group member motivation and/or the economic situation. The key factor ensuring success and sustainability seemed to be groups' sense of ownership of their capital and of the SILC methodology. This assessment produced important findings that can be used to adapt current savings and lending group programming and inform future programming within Haiti and beyond. C1 [Parker, Lisa] Palladium, 401 Meadowmont Village Circle, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. [Desinor, Olbeg] USAID, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Cela, Toni] Interuniv Inst Res & Dev, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Foreit, Karen G. Fleischman] Palladium, Washington, DC USA. RP Parker, L (reprint author), Palladium, 401 Meadowmont Village Circle, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. EM Lisa.parker@thepalladiumgroup.com FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief; U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) via HIVCore; USAID under Project SEARCH [AID-OAA-TO-11-00060] FX This study was made possible through support provided by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) via HIVCore, a Task Order funded by USAID under the Project SEARCH indefinite quantity contract [Contract No. AID-OAA-TO-11-00060]. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1745-0128 EI 1745-0136 J9 VULNERABLE CHILD YOU JI Vulnerable Child. Youth Stud. PY 2017 VL 12 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1080/17450128.2016.1263773 PG 9 WC Family Studies SC Family Studies GA EO2ZC UT WOS:000396563600007 ER PT J AU Nawaz, MA Shafique, A da Silva, JAT Ahmed, W Saleem, BA AF Nawaz, Muhammad Azher Shafique, Anum da Silva, Jaime A. Teixeira Ahmed, Wagar Saleem, Basharat Ali TI Planting Time Affects Vegetative and Reproductive Growth of Exotic Cultivars of Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cut flower; Field performance; Floriculture; Sowing dates; Spike flower quality ID L.; PAKISTAN; PUNJAB AB The field performance of 24 exotic cultivars of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) at three planting dates (November 10, 2009; March 10 and October 10, 2010) was assessed. Data of vegetative traits i.e., number of leaves, nodes, secondary shoots, plant height, fresh weight per plant and reproductive traits, including days to bud opening, spike length, and number of buds/spike, were recorded. Six cultivars (Potomac Early Rose', 'Maryland Lavender', 'Potomac Royal', 'Potomac White', `Potomac Early Orange' and 'Monaco Violet') showed superior vegetative growth while five cultivars (Potomac Early Pink', `Maryland Golden Brnz', 'Monaco Yellow', 'Potomac Orange Dark' and 'Monaco Baltimore Rose') performed poorly. `Potomac Early Rose' and 'Maryland Lavender' performed best reproductively, and produced better quality flower spikes than all other cultivars. When considering the reproductive performance of these 24 snapdragon cultivars, sowing on November 10, 2009 was most suitable compared to the two other sowing dates. (C) 2017 Friends Science Publishers C1 [Nawaz, Muhammad Azher; Shafique, Anum] Univ Sargodha, Univ Coll Agr, Dept Hort, Sargodha, Pakistan. [da Silva, Jaime A. Teixeira] Miki Cho PO,Ikenobe 3011-2,POB 7, Miki, Kagawa 7610799, Japan. [Ahmed, Wagar] USAID, CNFA, Hort, Lahore, Pakistan. [Saleem, Basharat Ali] Govt Punjab, Dept Agr Extens, Sargodha, Pakistan. RP Nawaz, MA (reprint author), Univ Sargodha, Univ Coll Agr, Dept Hort, Sargodha, Pakistan. EM azher490@hotmail.com NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRIENDS SCIENCE PUBL PI FAISALABAD PA 399-B, PEOPLES COLONY NO 1, FAISALABAD, 38090, PAKISTAN SN 1560-8530 EI 1814-9596 J9 INT J AGRIC BIOL JI Int. J. Agric. Biol. PY 2017 VL 19 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.17957/IJAB/15.0168 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Biology SC Agriculture; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA EK7TZ UT WOS:000394129400004 ER PT J AU Babalola, S Van Lith, LM Mallalieu, EC Packman, ZR Myers, E Ahanda, KS Harris, E Gurman, T Figueroa, ME AF Babalola, Stella Van Lith, Lynn M. Mallalieu, Elizabeth C. Packman, Zoe R. Myers, Emily Ahanda, Kim Seifert Harris, Emily Gurman, Tilly Figueroa, Maria-Elena TI A Framework for Health Communication Across the HIV Treatment Continuum SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; health communication; treatment continuum; determinants; interventions ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY INITIATION; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; SELF-REPORTED ADHERENCE; OF-THE-LITERATURE; SOUTH-AFRICA; SOCIAL SUPPORT; EASTERN UGANDA; TREATMENT OUTCOMES; COMMUNITY SUPPORT AB Background: As test and treat rolls out, effective interventions are needed to address the determinants of outcomes across the HIV treatment continuum and ensure that people infected with HIV are promptly tested, initiate treatment early, adhere to treatment, and are virally suppressed. Communication approaches offer viable options for promoting relevant behaviors across the continuum. Conceptual Framework: This article introduces a conceptual framework, which can guide the development of effective health communication interventions and activities that aim to impact behaviors across the HIV treatment continuum in low- and medium-income countries. The framework includes HIV testing and counseling, linkage to care, retention in pre-antiretroviral therapy and antiretroviral therapy initiation in one single-stage linkage to care and treatment, and adherence for viral suppression. The determinants of behaviors vary across the continuum and include both facilitators and barriers with communication interventions designed to focus on specific determinants presented in the model. At each stage, relevant determinants occur at the various levels of the social-ecological model: intrapersonal, interpersonal, health services, community, and policy. Effective health communication interventions have mainly relied on mHealth, interpersonal communication through service providers and peers, community support groups, and treatment supporters. Discussion: The conceptual framework and evidence presented highlight areas across the continuum where health communication can significantly impact treatment outcomes to reach the 90-90-90 goals by strategically addressing key behavioral determinants. As test and treat rolls out, multifaceted health communication approaches will be critical. C1 [Babalola, Stella; Van Lith, Lynn M.; Mallalieu, Elizabeth C.; Packman, Zoe R.; Myers, Emily; Gurman, Tilly; Figueroa, Maria-Elena] Johns Hopkins Ctr Commun Programs, 111 Market Pl,Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21212 USA. [Ahanda, Kim Seifert; Harris, Emily] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Babalola, S (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Ctr Commun Programs, 111 Market Pl,Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21212 USA. EM stellababalola@jhu.edu FU US Agency for International Development Cooperative Agreement [AID-OAA-A-12-00058] FX The preparation of this article was facilitated by the US Agency for International Development Cooperative Agreement #AID-OAA-A-12-00058 to the Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs. The team also acknowledges Kirsten Bose and Natalie Tibbels for their contributions in reviewing the literature for this article. NR 204 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 74 SU 1 BP S5 EP S14 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EN5AH UT WOS:000396017500002 PM 27923008 ER PT J AU Lyons, CE Ketende, S Diouf, D Drame, FM Liestman, B Coly, K Ndour, C Turpin, G Mboup, S Diop, K Toure-Kane, C Castor, D Leye-Diouf, N Baral, S AF Lyons, Carrie E. Ketende, Sosthenes Diouf, Daouda Drame, Fatou M. Liestman, Benjamin Coly, Karleen Ndour, Cheikh Turpin, Gnilane Mboup, Souleymane Diop, Karim Toure-Kane, Coumba Castor, Delivette Leye-Diouf, Nafissatou Baral, Stefan TI Potential Impact of Integrated Stigma Mitigation Interventions in Improving HIV/AIDS Service Delivery and Uptake for Key Populations in Senegal SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE stigma; HIV; interventions; key populations; Senegal ID FEMALE SEX WORKERS; HIV EPIDEMICS; GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; MEN; INFECTION; PREVENTION; DEPRESSION; COUNTRIES; VIOLENCE; LESOTHO AB Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW) are consistently shown to have a higher burden of HIV compared with other adults in Senegal. This study, HIV Prevention 2.0, evaluates the impact of the 3-tiered integrated stigma mitigation interventions (ISMIs) approach to optimizing HIV service delivery for key populations in Senegal. Methods: Baseline assessment includes a questionnaire and biological testing for HIV. A proportion of participants enrolled into a 24-month longitudinal cohort with questionnaires and biological testing every 3 months. In these preliminary analyses, ISMIs are evaluated from participants in the cohort through uptake of HIV services and implementation outcomes. Results: Overall, 724 MSM and 758 FSW participated in the baseline assessment. HIV prevalence is 30.2% (n = 219/724) among MSM and 5.3% (n = 40/758) among FSW. Fear of seeking health services among MSM is 17.7% (n = 128/724) at baseline, 10.5% (n = 18/172) at month 3, and 9.8% (n = 10/102) at month 6 (P < 0.004); and among FSW is 21.9% (n = 166/758) at baseline, 8.1% (n = 15/185) at month 3, and 10.7% (n = 18/168) at month 6 (P < 0.001). Overall, 63.9% (n = 62/97) of MSM and 82.5% (n = 118/143) of FSW agreed that the intervention is effective in addressing stigma; however, loss to follow-up was 41.1% among MSM and 10% among FSW. Conclusion: Baseline data reinforce the need for stigma mitigation interventions, combined with enhanced linkage and retention to optimize HIV treatment. Preliminary results show high levels of HIV-related risk determinants and suggest the potential utility of the ISMI to decrease perceived stigma relating to engagement in HIV prevention, treatment, and care services among key populations in Senegal. C1 [Lyons, Carrie E.; Ketende, Sosthenes; Liestman, Benjamin; Coly, Karleen; Turpin, Gnilane; Baral, Stefan] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Key Populat Program, Ctr Publ Hlth & Human Rights, 615 N Wolfe St E7137, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Diouf, Daouda; Drame, Fatou M.] Enda Sante, Dakar, Senegal. [Drame, Fatou M.] Gaston Berger Univ, St Louis, Senegal. [Ndour, Cheikh; Diop, Karim] Minist Hlth, Div Lutte Sida & IST, Dakar, Senegal. [Mboup, Souleymane; Leye-Diouf, Nafissatou] Inst Rech Sante Surveillance Epidemiol & Format, Dakar, Senegal. [Toure-Kane, Coumba; Castor, Delivette] USAID, Off HIV AIDS, Bur Global Hlth, Arlington, VA USA. RP Lyons, CE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Key Populat Program, Ctr Publ Hlth & Human Rights, 615 N Wolfe St E7137, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM clyons8@jhu.edu FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under Cooperative Agreement [AID-OAA-A13-00089]; HIV Prevention 2.0 (HP2): Achieving an AIDS-Free Generation in Senegal FX Funding HIV Prevention 2.0 (HP2): Achieving an AIDS-Free Generation in Senegal is supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under Cooperative Agreement No. AID-OAA-A13-00089. HP2 is managed by Johns Hopkins University. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 74 SU 1 BP S52 EP S59 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EN5AH UT WOS:000396017500008 PM 27923014 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Smith, JB Mack, C Cook, J Furlow, J Njinga, JL Cote, M AF Kim, Yoon Smith, Joel B. Mack, Charlotte Cook, Jonathan Furlow, John Njinga, Joyce-Lynn Cote, Michael TI A perspective on climate-resilient development and national adaptation planning based on USAID's experience SO CLIMATE AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE national adaptation plans; NAPs; adaptation; capacity building; climate change; climate policy; development; mainstreaming; sustainable development; UNFCCC; USAID AB National adaptation planning has evolved from a focus on short-term, project-level interventions to mainstreaming adaptation into broader development goals. Initial adaptation efforts tended to focus on climate science and project-level assessments and measures. In contrast, National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) provide an opportunity to take a longer-term, more strategic approach to adaptation. A development-first approach, rather than a climate-first or climate stressor-driven approach, enables climate change to be more effectively integrated into development planning and decision-making. The United States Agency for International Development's (USAID's) Climate-Resilient Development framework, as applied to NAPs, begins with a workshop attended by a broad array of government and non-government stakeholders. During the workshop, participants take a comprehensive view of a country's social and economic development goals and key climate and non-climate risks to those goals. Participants also identify potential adaptations that can reduce the most significant climate risks to development. USAID has applied this approach in stakeholder workshops in Jamaica, West Africa, and Tanzania, and these workshops have helped to catalyse NAP processes in the countries. Lessons learned from these applications include the importance of stakeholder ownership and buy-in at an early stage of the NAP process, the value of embedding NAPs in an existing planning process such as long-term economic development planning to promote more effective mainstreaming, and the key role that NAPs can play in the coordination of financial and technical support by development agencies and other institutions. C1 [Kim, Yoon] 275 Grand View Ave,Apt 103, San Francisco, CA 94114 USA. [Smith, Joel B.] Stratus Consulting Inc, POB 4059, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. [Mack, Charlotte] ICF Int, 1725 Eye St NW, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Cook, Jonathan; Furlow, John] USAID, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Njinga, Joyce-Lynn; Cote, Michael] Engil IRG, 1320 Braddock Pl, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), 275 Grand View Ave,Apt 103, San Francisco, CA 94114 USA. EM yoonhuikim@gmail.com FU US Agency for International Development under the Climate Change Resilient Development Project [EPP-I-00-04-00024-00, AID-OAA-TO-1100040] FX This work was supported by the US Agency for International Development under the Climate Change Resilient Development Project [Prime Contract number EPP-I-00-04-00024-00, Task Order number AID-OAA-TO-11-00040). NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1756-5529 EI 1756-5537 J9 CLIM DEV JI Clim. Dev. PY 2017 VL 9 IS 2 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1080/17565529.2015.1124037 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK4BW UT WOS:000393873100004 ER PT J AU Venter, WDF Kaiser, B Pillay, Y Conradie, F Gomez, GB Claydene, P Matsolo, M Amole, C Rutter, L Abdullah, F Abrams, EJ Casas, CP Barnhart, M Pillay, A Pozniak, A Hill, A Fairlie, L Boffito, M Moorhouse, M Chersich, M Serenata, C Quevedo, J Loots, G AF Venter, W. D. F. Kaiser, B. Pillay, Y. Conradie, F. Gomez, G. B. Claydene, P. Matsolo, M. Amole, C. Rutter, L. Abdullah, F. Abrams, E. J. Casas, C. P. Barnhart, M. Pillay, A. Pozniak, A. Hill, A. Fairlie, L. Boffito, M. Moorhouse, M. Chersich, M. Serenata, C. Quevedo, J. Loots, G. TI Cutting the cost of South African antiretroviral therapy using newer, safer drugs SO SAMJ SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Antiretrovirals are a significant cost driver for HIV programmes. Current first-line regimens have performed well in real-life programmes, but have a low barrier to virological resistance and still carry toxicity that limits adherence. New drug developments may mean that we have access to safer, more robust and cheaper regimens, but only if the appropriate clinical trials are conducted. We briefly discuss these trials, and demonstrate the large cost savings to the South African HIV programme if these are successful. C1 [Venter, W. D. F.; Fairlie, L.; Moorhouse, M.; Chersich, M.; Serenata, C.] Univ Witwatersrand, Wits Reprod Hlth & HIV Inst, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Kaiser, B.; Casas, C. P.] UNITAID, Geneva, Switzerland. [Pillay, Y.] South African Natl Dept Hlth, HIV AIDS TB & Maternal, Child & Womens Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa. [Conradie, F.] Univ Witwatersrand, Clin HIV Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Conradie, F.] Southern African HIV Clinicians Soc, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Gomez, G. B.] Acad Med Ctr, Dept Global Hlth, Amsterdam Inst Global Hlth & Dev, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Claydene, P.] HIV I Base, London, England. [Matsolo, M.; Rutter, L.] Treatment Act Campaign, Cape Town, South Africa. [Amole, C.; Quevedo, J.] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, New York, NY USA. [Abdullah, F.] South African Natl AIDS Council, Pretoria, South Africa. [Abrams, E. J.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Int Ctr AIDS Care & Treatment Programs ICAP, New York, NY USA. [Abrams, E. J.] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY USA. [Barnhart, M.] USAID Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Pillay, A.] South African Natl Dept Hlth, Hlth Regulat & Compliance, Pretoria, South Africa. [Pozniak, A.; Hill, A.; Boffito, M.] Chelsea & Westminster Hosp & St Stephens AIDS Tru, London, England. [Loots, G.] South African Dept Sci & Technol, Pretoria, South Africa. RP Venter, WDF (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Wits Reprod Hlth & HIV Inst, Johannesburg, South Africa. EM fventer@wrhi.ac.za FU United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)/United States Agency for International Development (USAID); UNITAID FX Several authors are involved in the ADVANCE studies and sub-studies, with the support of the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)/United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and UNITAID, in a broader collaboration addressing drug formulation and introduction, called OPTIMIZE. The study drug is donated by the originator companies, ViiV Healthcare (UK) and Gilead Sciences (USA). The views of this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, UNITAID or the SA or US governments. Raw data may be requested from the corresponding author, W D F Venter (fventer@wrhi.ac.za). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SA MEDICAL ASSOC PI PRETORIA PA BLOCK F CASTLE WALK CORPORATE PARK, NOSSOB STREET, ERASMUSKLOOF EXT3, PRETORIA, 0002, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0256-9574 EI 2078-5135 J9 SAMJ S AFR MED J JI SAMJ S. Afr. Med. J. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 33 EP 35 DI 10.7196/SAMJ.2017.v107i1.12058 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EJ6XP UT WOS:000393365400027 ER PT J AU McMahon, SA Kennedy, CE Winch, PJ Kombe, M Killewo, J Kilewo, C AF McMahon, Shannon A. Kennedy, Caitlin E. Winch, Peter J. Kombe, Miriam Killewo, Japhet Kilewo, Charles TI Stigma, Facility Constraints, and Personal Disbelief: Why Women Disengage from HIV Care During and After Pregnancy in Morogoro Region, Tanzania SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE HIV; Prevention of maternal-to-child transmission; Vertical transmission; Maternal health; Engagement in care; Tanzania ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; FOLLOW-UP; SOUTH-AFRICA; PREVENTION; PROGRAM; BARRIERS; MALAWI; UGANDA; ADHERENCE AB Millions of children are living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, and the primary mode of these childhood infections is mother-to-child transmission. While existing interventions can virtually eliminate such transmission, in low- and middle-income settings, only 63 % of pregnant women living with HIV accessed medicines necessary to prevent transmission. In Tanzania, HIV prevalence among pregnant women is 3.2 %. Understanding why HIV-positive women disengage from care during and after pregnancy can inform efforts to reduce the impact of HIV on mothers and young children. Informed by the tenets of Grounded Theory, we conducted qualitative interviews with 40 seropositive postpartum women who had disengaged from care to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). Nearly all women described antiretroviral treatment (ART) as ultimately beneficial but effectively inaccessible given concerns related to stigma. Many women also described how their feelings of health and vitality coupled with concerns about side effects underscored a desire to forgo ART until they deemed it immediately necessary. Relatively fewer women described not knowing or forgetting that they needed to continue their treatment regimens. We present a theory of PMTCT disengagement outlining primary and ancillary barriers. This study is among the first to examine disengagement by interviewing women who had actually discontinued care. We urge that a combination of intervention approaches such as mother-to-mother support groups, electronic medical records with same-day tracing, task shifting, and mobile technology be adapted, implemented, and evaluated within the Tanzanian setting. C1 [McMahon, Shannon A.; Kennedy, Caitlin E.; Winch, Peter J.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [McMahon, Shannon A.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany. [Kombe, Miriam] USAID, Maternal & Child Hlth, Hlth Off, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Killewo, Japhet; Kilewo, Charles] Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, POB 65015, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP McMahon, SA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.; McMahon, SA (reprint author), Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany. EM shannon.mcmahon@jhu.edu FU USAID through the Health Research Challenge for Impact (HRCI) [GHS-A-00-09-00004-00]; National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health [F31MH095653] FX This research was funded by USAID through the Health Research Challenge for Impact (HRCI) Cooperative Agreement (#GHS-A-00-09-00004-00). The National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health supported co-author Shannon A. McMahon (Award F31MH095653). The content is the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of USAID, the National Institutes of Health, or the United States Government. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 EI 1573-3254 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS Behav. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 21 IS 1 BP 317 EP 329 DI 10.1007/s10461-016-1505-8 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA EI2HE UT WOS:000392306700029 PM 27535755 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, J Balakrishnan, K Bruce, N Chambers, D Graham, J Jack, D Kline, L Masera, O Mehta, S Mercado, IR Neta, G Pattanayak, S Puzzolo, E Petach, H Punturieri, A Rubinstein, A Sage, M Sturke, R Shankar, A Sherr, K Smith, K Yadama, G AF Rosenthal, Joshua Balakrishnan, Kalpana Bruce, Nigel Chambers, David Graham, Jay Jack, Darby Kline, Lydia Masera, Omar Mehta, Sumi Ruiz Mercado, Ilse Neta, Gila Pattanayak, Subhrendu Puzzolo, Elisa Petach, Helen Punturieri, Antonello Rubinstein, Adolfo Sage, Michael Sturke, Rachel Shankar, Anita Sherr, Kenny Smith, Kirk Yadama, Gautam TI Implementation Science to Accelerate Clean Cooking for Public Health SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID EVALUATING COMPLEX INTERVENTIONS; RESEARCH-COUNCIL GUIDANCE; SUSTAINED USE; SERVICES RESEARCH; GLOBAL BURDEN; STOVE USE; COOKSTOVES; DYNAMICS; FRAMEWORK; BARRIERS AB Clean cooking has emerged as a major concern for global health and development because of the enormous burden of disease caused by traditional cookstoves and fires. The World Health Organization has developed new indoor air quality guidelines that few homes will be able to achieve without replacing traditional methods with modern clean cooking technologies, including fuels and stoves. However, decades of experience with improved stove programs indicate that the challenge of modernizing cooking in impoverished communities includes a complex, multi-sectoral set of problems that require implementation research. The National Institutes of Health, in partnership with several government agencies and the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, has launched the Clean Cooking Implementation Science Network that aims to address this issue. In this article, our focus is on building a knowledge base to accelerate scale-up and sustained use of the cleanest technologies in low-and middle-income countries. Implementation science provides a variety of analytical and planning tools to enhance effectiveness of clinical and public health interventions. These tools are being integrated with a growing body of knowledge and new research projects to yield new methods, consensus tools, and an evidence base to accelerate improvements in health promised by the renewed agenda of clean cooking. C1 [Rosenthal, Joshua; Kline, Lydia; Sturke, Rachel] NIH, Div Epidemiol & Populat Studies, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 16, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Balakrishnan, Kalpana] Sri Ramachandra Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. [Bruce, Nigel] Univ Liverpool, Dept Publ Hlth & Policy, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Chambers, David; Neta, Gila] NCI, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Graham, Jay] George Washington Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Jack, Darby] Columbia Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY USA. [Masera, Omar; Ruiz Mercado, Ilse] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Ecosistemas, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. [Mehta, Sumi] Global Alliance Clean Cookstoves, Washington, DC USA. [Pattanayak, Subhrendu] Duke Univ, Sanford Sch Publ Policy, Durham, NC USA. [Pattanayak, Subhrendu] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Puzzolo, Elisa] Global LPG Partnership, New York, NY USA. [Petach, Helen] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Punturieri, Antonello] NHLBI, Rockville, MD USA. [Rubinstein, Adolfo] Inst Clin Hlth Effectiveness, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Sage, Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shankar, Anita] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Sherr, Kenny] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Smith, Kirk] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Global Environm Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yadama, Gautam] Washington Univ, George Warren Brown Sch Social Work, St Louis, MO USA. RP Rosenthal, J (reprint author), NIH, Div Epidemiol & Populat Studies, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 16, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM joshua.rosenthal@nih.gov FU NIH Common Fund FX Funding for the ISN has been provided through an award from the NIH Common Fund. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 125 IS 1 BP A3 EP A7 DI 10.1289/EHP1018 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA EI0WD UT WOS:000392195000027 PM 28055947 ER PT J AU Johns, B Yihdego, YY Kolyada, L Dengela, D Chibsa, S Dissanayake, G George, K Taffese, HS Lucas, B AF Johns, Benjamin Yihdego, Yemane Yeebiyo Kolyada, Lena Dengela, Dereje Chibsa, Sheleme Dissanayake, Gunawardena George, Kristen Taffese, Hiwot Solomon Lucas, Bradford TI Indoor Residual Spraying Delivery Models to Prevent Malaria: Comparison of Community- and District-Based Approaches in Ethiopia SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID EXTENSION WORKERS; KNOWLEDGE; CARE AB Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) for malaria prevention has traditionally been implemented in Ethiopia by the district health office with technical and operational inputs from regional, zonal, and central health offices. The United States President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) in collaboration with the Government of Ethiopia tested the effectiveness and efficiency of integrating IRS into the government-funded community-based rural health services program. Methods: Between 2012 and 2014, PMI conducted a mixed-methods study in 11 districts of Oromia region to compare district-based IRS (DB IRS) and community-based IRS (CB IRS) models. In the DB IRS model, each district included 2 centrally located operational sites where spray teams camped during the IRS campaign and from which they traveled to the villages to conduct spraying. In the CB IRS model, spray team members were hired from the communities in which they operated, thus eliminating the need for transport and camping facilities. The study team evaluated spray coverage, the quality of spraying, compliance with environmental and safety standards, and cost and performance efficiency. Results: The average number of eligible structures found and sprayed in the CB IRS districts increased by 19.6% and 20.3%, respectively, between 2012 (before CB IRS) and 2013 (during CB IRS). Between 2013 and 2014, the numbers increased by about 14%. In contrast, in the DB IRS districts the number of eligible structures found increased by only 8.1% between 2012 and 2013 and by 0.4% between 2013 and 2014. The quality of CB IRS operations was good and comparable to that in the DB IRS model, according to wall bioassay tests. Some compliance issues in the first year of CB IRS implementation were corrected in the second year, bringing compliance up to the level of the DB IRS model. The CB IRS model had, on average, higher amortized costs per district than the DB IRS model but lower unit costs per structure sprayed and per person protected because the community-based model found and sprayed more structures. Conclusion: Established community-based service delivery systems can be adapted to include a seasonal IRS campaign alongside the community-based health workers' routine activities to improve performance efficiency. Further modifications of the community-based IRS model may reduce the total cost of the intervention and increase its financial sustainability. C1 [Johns, Benjamin; Kolyada, Lena; Dengela, Dereje; Lucas, Bradford] ABT Associates Inc, Presidents Malaria Initiat Africa Indoor Residual, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Yihdego, Yemane Yeebiyo] ABT Associates Inc, Presidents Malaria Initiat Africa Indoor Residual, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Chibsa, Sheleme; Dissanayake, Gunawardena] US Agcy Int Dev, US Presidents Malaria Initiat, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [George, Kristen] US Agcy Int Dev, US Presidents Malaria Initiat, Bur Global Hlth, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Arlington, VA USA. [Taffese, Hiwot Solomon] Fed Minist Hlth, Natl Malaria Control Program, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Kolyada, L (reprint author), ABT Associates Inc, Presidents Malaria Initiat Africa Indoor Residual, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM lena_kolyada@abtassoc.com FU United States President's Malaria Initiative FX We wish to thank all experts and colleagues from the United States President's Malaria Initiative and Abt Associates who provided valuable inputs and comments during the preparation of this manuscript. Special thanks to Habtamu Berhanu, Wondimu Tesgera, Alemayehu Tesfaye, Gedeon Yohannes, and Kassim Mohammued for their valuable contribution in data collection and compilation. We also thank all other AIRS Ethiopia staff, district health office staff, and the HEWs who participated in the field data collection. This study was conducted by the PMI AIRS Project. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government of Ethiopia or USAID. Funding for this work was provided by the United States President's Malaria Initiative. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH-SCI PRAC JI Glob. Health PD DEC 23 PY 2016 VL 4 IS 4 BP 529 EP 541 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00165 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EG6XQ UT WOS:000391190000005 PM 27965266 ER PT J AU Dressler, A Kelson, DD Abramson, LE Gladders, MD Oemler, A Poggianti, BM Mulchaey, JS Vulcani, B Shectman, SA Williams, RJ McCarthy, PJ AF Dressler, Alan Kelson, Daniel D. Abramson, Louis E. Gladders, Michael D. Oemler, Augustus, Jr. Poggianti, Bianca M. Mulchaey, John S. Vulcani, Benedetta Shectman, Stephen A. Williams, Rik J. McCarthy, Patrick J. TI DEMONSTRATING DIVERSITY IN STAR-FORMATION HISTORIES WITH THE CSI SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; galaxies: star formation; galaxies: stellar content ID INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; LATE-TYPE GALAXIES; POPULATION SYNTHESIS; QUIESCENT GALAXIES; FORMING GALAXIES; REDSHIFT SURVEY; FIELD GALAXIES; I. DESCRIPTION; EVOLUTION; STELLAR AB We present coarse but robust star-formation histories (SFHs) derived from spectrophotometric data of the Carnegie-Spitzer-IMACS Survey, for 22,494 galaxies at 0.3 < z < 0.9 with stellar masses of 10(9)M(circle dot) to 10(12)M(circle dot). Our study moves beyond "average" SFHs and distribution functions of specific star-formation rates (sSFRs) to individually measured SFHs for tens of thousands of galaxies. By comparing star-formation rates (SFRs) with timescales of 10(10), 10(9), and 10(8) years, we find a wide diversity of SFHs: "old galaxies" that formed most or all of their stars early,. galaxies that formed stars with declining or constant SFRs over a Hubble time, and genuinely "young galaxies" that formed most of their stars since z = 1 This sequence is one of decreasing stellar mass, but remarkably, each type is found over a mass range of a factor of 10. Conversely, galaxies at any given mass follow a wide range of SFHs, leading us to conclude that. (1) halo mass does not uniquely determine SFHs,. (2) there is no "typical" evolutionary track, and (3) "abundance matching" has limitations as a tool for inferring physics. Our observations imply that SFHs are set at an early epoch, and that-for most galaxies-the decline and cessation of star formation occurs over a Hubble time, without distinct "quenching" events. SFH diversity is inconsistent with models where galaxy mass, at any given epoch, grows simply along relations between SFR and stellar mass, but is consistent with a two-parameter lognormal form, lending credence to this model from a new and independent perspective. C1 [Dressler, Alan; Kelson, Daniel D.; Oemler, Augustus, Jr.; Mulchaey, John S.; Shectman, Stephen A.; McCarthy, Patrick J.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Observ, 813 Santa Barbara St, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Abramson, Louis E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, 475 Portola Pl, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Gladders, Michael D.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Gladders, Michael D.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Poggianti, Bianca M.] INAF Astron Observ, Padua, Italy. [Vulcani, Benedetta] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Williams, Rik J.] US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Dressler, A (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Observ, 813 Santa Barbara St, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. OI Vulcani, Benedetta/0000-0003-0980-1499 FU Australian Research Council [PD0028506] FX The authors thank the scientists and staff of the Las Campanas Observatories for their dedicated and effective support over the many nights of the CSI Survey. B.V. acknowledges the support from an Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (PD0028506). NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2016 VL 833 IS 2 AR 251 DI 10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/251 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EG6PY UT WOS:000391169600126 ER PT J AU Gaunt, HE Bernard, B Hidalgo, S Proano, A Wright, H Mothes, P Criollo, E Kueppers, U AF Elizabeth Gaunt, H. Bernard, Benjamin Hidalgo, Silvana Proano, Antonio Wright, Heather Mothes, Patricia Criollo, Evelyn Kueppers, Ulrich TI Juvenile magma recognition and eruptive dynamics inferred from the analysis of ash time series: The 2015 reawakening of Cotopaxi volcano SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Volcanic ash; Volcano monitoring; Cotopaxi volcano; Eruption dynamics; Hazard assessment ID SAKURAJIMA VOLCANO; LAVA DOME; ECUADOR; JAPAN; PETROLOGY; TEXTURE; CRYSTALLIZATION; DECOMPRESSION; PARTICLES; DEPOSITS AB Forecasting future activity and performing hazard assessments during the reactivation of volcanoes remain great challenges for the volcanological community. On August 14, 2015 Cotopaxi volcano erupted for the first time in 73 years after approximately four months of precursory activity, which included an increase in seismicity, gas emissions, and minor ground deformation. Here we discuss the use of near real-time petrological monitoring of ash samples as a complementary aid to geophysical monitoring, in order to infer eruption dynamics and evaluate possible future eruptive activity at Cotopaxi. Twenty ash samples were collected between August 14 and November 23, 2015 from a monitoring site on the west flank of the volcano. These samples contain a range of grain types that we classified as: hydrothermal/altered, lithic, juvenile, and free crystals. The relative proportions of theses grains evolved as the eruption progressed, with increasing amounts of juvenile material and a decrease in hydrothermally altered material. In samples from the initial explosion, juvenile grains are glassy, microlite-poor and contain hydrothermal minerals (opal and alunite). The rising magma came in contact with the hydro thermal system under confinement, causing hydro-magmatic explosions that cleared the upper part of the plumbing system. Subsequently, the magmatic column produced a thermal aureole in the conduit and dried out the hydrothermal system, allowing for dry eruptions. Magma ascent rates were low enough to allow for efficient outgassing and microlite growth. Constant supply of magma from below caused quasi-continuous disruption of the uppermost magma volume through a combination of shear-deformation and gas expansion. The combination of increasing crystallinity of juvenile grains, and high measured SO2 flux indicate decreasing integrated magma ascent rates and clearing of the hydrothermal system along transport pathways in a system open to gas loss. The near real-time monitoring of ash samples combined with traditional geophysical monitoring techniques during the reawakening of Cotopaxi allowed us to gain a much clearer understanding of events than when using traditional geophysical monitoring alone. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Elizabeth Gaunt, H.; Bernard, Benjamin; Hidalgo, Silvana; Proano, Antonio; Mothes, Patricia] Escuela Politec Nacl, Inst Geofis, Quito, Ecuador. [Wright, Heather] US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Wright, Heather] USAID, Off Foreign Disaster Assistance, VDAP, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Criollo, Evelyn] Escuela Politec Nacl, Dept Met Extract, Quito, Ecuador. [Kueppers, Ulrich] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Earth & Environm Sci, Munich, Germany. RP Gaunt, HE (reprint author), Escuela Politec Nacl, Inst Geofis, Quito, Ecuador. EM egaunt@igepn.edu.ec OI Hidalgo, Silvana/0000-0001-6386-9502 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [KU2689/2-1]; Marie Curie Initial Training Network 'VERTIGO' through the European Union Seventh Framework Programme [607905] FX We would like to acknowledge all members of the Instituto Geofisico, especially those who were involved in the response to the volcanic crisis and who assisted with sample collection and analysis. The authors would like to thank John Pallister and the team from VDAP for insightful discussions, Leslie Hayden at the USGS Menlo Park for help with electron microprobe analyses, and members of DEMEXEPN for their assistance with the SEM work. This research has been conducted in the context of the Laboratoire Mixte International "Seismes et Volcans dans les Andes du Nord" of IRD. This work is the contribution no 3 of the project "Grupo de Investigacion sobre la Ceniza Volcanica en Ecuador". U.K. acknowledges the support by grant KU2689/2-1 from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and by the Marie Curie Initial Training Network 'VERTIGO', funded through the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7 2007-2013) under Grant Agreement number 607905. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 328 BP 134 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.10.013 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EG3UH UT WOS:000390969700011 ER PT J AU Felicetti, P Trotta, F Bonetto, C Santuccio, C Pernus, YB Burgner, D Chandler, R Girolomoni, G Hadden, RDM Kochar, S Kucuku, M Monaco, G Ozen, S Pahud, B Phuong, L Bachtiar, NS Teeba, A Top, K Varricchio, F Wise, RP Zanoni, G Zivkovic, S Bonhoeffer, J AF Felicetti, Patrizia Trotta, Francesco Bonetto, Caterina Santuccio, Carmela Pernus, Yolanda Brauchli Burgner, David Chandler, Rebecca Girolomoni, Giampiero Hadden, Robert D. M. Kochar, Sonali Kucuku, Merita Monaco, Giuseppe Ozen, Seza Pahud, Barbara Phuong, Linny Bachtiar, Novilia Sjafri Teeba, Amina Top, Karina Varricchio, Frederick Wise, Robert P. Zanoni, Giovanna Zivkovic, Saga Bonhoeffer, Jan CA Brighton Collaboration Vasculitis TI Spontaneous reports of vasculitis as an adverse event following immunization: A descriptive analysis across three international databases SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Vasculitis; Vaccines; Immunization; Adverse event following immunization (AEFI); Spontaneous reporting; Eudravigilance; VigiBase (R); VAERS; Pharmacovigilance ID SYSTEMIC VASCULITIDES; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; CONSENSUS CONFERENCE; KAWASAKI-DISEASE; CLASSIFICATION; CRITERIA; GRANULOMATOSIS; NOMENCLATURE AB Background: Vasculitides have been reported as adverse events following immunization (AEFI) following various vaccines. We describe reports of vasculitis to three international spontaneous reporting systems. Methods: All spontaneous reports of vasculitis following immunization between January 2003 and June 2014 were retrieved from Eudravigilance (EV), the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), and VigiBase (R). A Standard MedDRA Query (SMQ) for vasculitis was used and vaccine types were categorized using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system. We performed a descriptive analysis by source, sex, age, country, time to onset, vaccine, and type of vasculitis. Results: We retrieved 1797 reports of vasculitis in EV, 1171 in VAERS, and 2606 in VigiBase (R). Vasculitis was predominantly reported in children aged 1-17 years, and less frequently in the elderly (>65 years). The generic term "vasculitis" was the most frequently reported AEFI" in this category across the three databases (range 21.9% to 27.5% of all reported vasculitis for vaccines). For the more specific terms, Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura (HSP) was most frequently reported, (19.1% on average), followed by Kawasaki disease (10) (16.1% on average) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) (9.2% on average). Less frequently reported subtypes were cutaneous vasculitis (CuV), vasculitis of the central nervous system (CNS-V), and Behcet's syndrome (BS). HSP, PMR and CuV were more frequently reported with influenza vaccines: on average in 29.3% for HSP reports, 61.5% for PMR reports and in 39.2% for CuV reports KD was reported with pneumococcal vaccines in 32.0% of KD reports and with rotavirus vaccines in more than 20% of KD reports. BS was most frequently reported after hepatitis and HPV vaccines and CNS-V after HPV vaccines. Conclusion: Similar reporting patterns of vasculitides were observed in different databases. Implementation of standardized case definitions for specific vasculitides could improve overall data quality and comparability of reports. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Felicetti, Patrizia; Trotta, Francesco; Bonetto, Caterina; Santuccio, Carmela] Italian Med Agcy, Rome, Italy. [Pernus, Yolanda Brauchli; Bonhoeffer, Jan] Brighton Collaborat Fdn, Basel, Switzerland. [Burgner, David] Monash Childrens Hosp Clayton, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Burgner, David] Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, MCRI, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Chandler, Rebecca] Uppsala Monitoring Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden. [Girolomoni, Giampiero] Univ Verona, Dept Med, Sect Dermatol & Venereol, Verona, Italy. [Hadden, Robert D. M.] Kings Coll Hosp London, London, England. [Kochar, Sonali] JSIPL, Deliver Project, USAID, New Delhi, India. [Kucuku, Merita] Natl Agcy Med & Med Devices, Dept Vaccines Control, Tirana, Albania. [Monaco, Giuseppe] Ctr Pharmacovigilance, Milan, Italy. [Ozen, Seza] Hacettepe Univ, Dept Pediat Rheumatol, Ankara, Turkey. [Pahud, Barbara] Childrens Mercy Hosp, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. [Phuong, Linny] Monash Childrens Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Phuong, Linny] Royal Childrens Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Bachtiar, Novilia Sjafri] Bio Farma Vaccine Inst, Java, Indonesia. [Teeba, Amina] Ctr Natl Anti Poison & Pharmacovigilance, Rabat, Morocco. [Top, Karina] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Pediat, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Wise, Robert P.] MedImmune AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Zanoni, Giovanna] Azienda Osped Univ Integrata Verona, Immunol Unit, Verona, Italy. [Zivkovic, Saga] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Zivkovic, Saga] VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, MSL, Neurol Serv, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Bonhoeffer, Jan] Univ Basel, Childrens Hosp, Basel, Switzerland. RP Felicetti, P (reprint author), Italian Med Agcy, Rome, Italy. EM contact@brightoncollaboration.org RI Trotta, Francesco/G-8702-2013 OI Trotta, Francesco/0000-0001-6889-8484 FU Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) FX The Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) financed the cost of the project "Working group for the Vasculitis case definition" performed by the Brighton Collaboration. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 12 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 51 BP 6634 EP 6640 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.027 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EF7JO UT WOS:000390506100021 PM 26392009 ER PT J AU Lecher, S Williams, J Fonjungo, PN Kim, AA Ellenberger, D Zhang, G Toure, CA Agolory, S Appiah-Pippim, G Beard, S Borget, MY Carmona, S Chipungu, G Diallo, K Downer, M Edgil, D Haberman, H Hurlston, M Jadzak, S Kiyaga, C MacLeod, W Makumb, B Muttai, H Mwangi, C Mwangi, JW Mwasekaga, M Naluguza, M Ng'Ang'A, LW Nguyen, S Sawadogo, S Sleeman, K Stevens, W Kuritsky, J Hader, S Nkengasong, J AF Lecher, Shirley Williams, Jason Fonjungo, Peter N. Kim, Andrea A. Ellenberger, Dennis Zhang, Guoqing Toure, Christiane Adje Agolory, Simon Appiah-Pippim, Georgette Beard, Suzanne Borget, Marie Yolande Carmona, Sergio Chipungu, Geoffrey Diallo, Karidia Downer, Marie Edgil, Dianna Haberman, Holly Hurlston, Mackenzie Jadzak, Steven Kiyaga, Charles MacLeod, William Makumb, Boniface Muttai, Hellen Mwangi, Christina Mwangi, Jane W. Mwasekaga, Michael Naluguza, Mary Ng'Ang'A, Lucy W. Nguyen, Shon Sawadogo, Souleymane Sleeman, Katrina Stevens, Wendy Kuritsky, Joel Hader, Shannon Nkengasong, John TI Progress with Scale-Up of HIV Viral Load Monitoring - Seven Sub-Saharan African Countries, January 2015-June 2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Lecher, Shirley; Fonjungo, Peter N.; Kim, Andrea A.; Ellenberger, Dennis; Zhang, Guoqing; Appiah-Pippim, Georgette; Beard, Suzanne; Diallo, Karidia; Haberman, Holly; Hurlston, Mackenzie; Jadzak, Steven; Nguyen, Shon; Sleeman, Katrina; Hader, Shannon; Nkengasong, John] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS & TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Williams, Jason; Edgil, Dianna; Kuritsky, Joel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Toure, Christiane Adje; Borget, Marie Yolande] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS & TB, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Agolory, Simon; Sawadogo, Souleymane] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS & TB, Windhoek, Namibia. [Carmona, Sergio; Stevens, Wendy] Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Dept Mol Med & Haematol, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Chipungu, Geoffrey] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS & TB, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Downer, Marie; Muttai, Hellen; Mwangi, Jane W.; Ng'Ang'A, Lucy W.] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS & TB, Nairobi, Kenya. [Kiyaga, Charles] Cent Publ Hlth Labs, Kampala, Uganda. [MacLeod, William] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Clin Med, Fac Hlth Sci, Hlth Econ & Epidemiol Res Off,Dept Internal Med, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Makumb, Boniface] Namibia Inst Pathol, Windhoek, Namibia. [Mwangi, Christina; Naluguza, Mary] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS & TB, Kampala, Uganda. [Mwasekaga, Michael] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS & TB, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Lecher, S (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS & TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM slecher@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 2 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 47 BP 1332 EP 1335 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EE4GX UT WOS:000389561400002 PM 27906910 ER PT J AU O'Connell, SA Smith, C AF O'Connell, Stephen A. Smith, Caroline TI Economic growth and child undernutrition0 SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 [O'Connell, Stephen A.] Swarthmore Coll, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. [Smith, Caroline] US Agcy Int Dev, Econ Policy Off, Bur Econ Growth Educ & Environm, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP O'Connell, SA (reprint author), Swarthmore Coll, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. EM soconne1@swarthmore.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2214-109X J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH JI Lancet Glob. Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 4 IS 12 BP E901 EP E902 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EJ2FV UT WOS:000393026400015 PM 27855863 ER PT J AU Uplekar, M Atre, S Wells, WA Weil, D Lopez, R Migliori, GB Raviglione, M AF Uplekar, Mukund Atre, Sachin Wells, William A. Weil, Diana Lopez, Rafael Migliori, Giovanni Battista Raviglione, Mario TI Mandatory tuberculosis case notification in high tuberculosis-incidence countries: policy and practice SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELIMINATION; STANDARDS; INTERNET; TAIWAN; SYSTEM; SECTOR; KOREA; INDIA; CARE AB Mandatory tuberculosis (TB) notification is an important policy under the End TB Strategy, but little is known about its enforcement especially in high TB incidence countries. We undertook a literature search for selected high-incidence countries, followed by a questionnaire-based survey among key informants in countries with high-, intermediate- and low-TB incidence. Published literature on TB notification in high-incidence countries was limited, but it did illustrate some of the current barriers to notification and the importance of electronic systems to facilitate reporting by private providers. Required survey data were successfully gathered from 40 out of 54 countries contacted. TB is notifiable in 11 out of 15 high-incidence countries, all 16 intermediate-incidence countries, and all nine low-incidence countries contacted. TB case notification by public sector facilities is generally systematised, but few high-incidence countries had systems and tools to facilitate notification from private care providers. In the context of the new End TB Strategy aimed at eventual TB elimination, all countries should have TB on their national list of notifiable diseases. Enhancing the ease of notification by private providers is essential for effective implementation. To that effect, investing in strengthening disease surveillance systems and introducing digital tools to simplify notification are logical ways forward. C1 [Uplekar, Mukund; Weil, Diana; Raviglione, Mario] WHO, Global TB Programme, Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Atre, Sachin] BJ Med Coll, Johns Hopkins Clin Trials Unit, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Wells, William A.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Lopez, Rafael] WHO, Reg Off Amer, Washington, DC USA. [Migliori, Giovanni Battista] Fdn S Maugeri Care & Res Inst, Tradate, Italy. RP Uplekar, M (reprint author), WHO, Global TB Programme, Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM uplekarm@who.int FU Eli Lily and Company Foundation FX Funding for this study was received from Eli Lily and Company Foundation. Funding information for this article has been deposited with Open Funder Registry. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA 442 GLOSSOP RD, SHEFFIELD S10 2PX, ENGLAND SN 0903-1936 EI 1399-3003 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1571 EP 1581 DI 10.1183/13993003.00956-2016 PG 11 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA EI4KM UT WOS:000392462500011 PM 27824601 ER PT J AU Castro, KG AF Castro, Kenneth G. TI Detection and treatment of persons with latent tuberculosis infection: first eliminate the policy-to-practice gap SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Castro, Kenneth G.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Castro, Kenneth G.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Castro, Kenneth G.] Bur Global Hlth, TB Div, Off Infect Dis, US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Castro, KG (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.; Castro, KG (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.; Castro, KG (reprint author), Bur Global Hlth, TB Div, Off Infect Dis, US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. EM kgcastrol@gmail.com NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 EI 1815-7920 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1565 EP 1565 DI 10.5588/ijtld.16.0770 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA ED9DT UT WOS:000389171100002 PM 27931329 ER PT J AU Mutenda, N Bukowski, A Nitschke, AM Nakanyala, T Hamunime, N Mekonen, T Tjituka, F Mazibuko, G Mwinga, S Mabirizi, D Sagwa, E Indongo, R Dean, N Jordan, MR Hong, SY AF Mutenda, Nicholus Bukowski, Alexandra Nitschke, Anne-Marie Nakanyala, Tuli Hamunime, Ndapewa Mekonen, Tadesse Tjituka, Francina Mazibuko, Greatjoy Mwinga, Samson Mabirizi, David Sagwa, Evans Indongo, Rosalia Dean, Natalie Jordan, Michael R. Hong, Steven Y. TI Assessment of the World Health Organization's HIV Drug Resistance Early Warning Indicators in Main and Decentralized Outreach Antiretroviral Therapy Sites in Namibia SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID VIROLOGICAL OUTCOMES; ADHERENCE; COUNTRIES; PROTEASE; METAANALYSIS; PREDICTORS; INHIBITORS; MORTALITY; SETTINGS; COHORT AB Background The World Health Organization (WHO) early warning indicators (EWIs) of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) assess factors at individual ART sites that are known to create situations favourable to the emergence of HIVDR. Methods In 2014, the Namibia HIV care and treatment program abstracted the following adult and pediatric EWIs from all public ART sites (50 main sites and 143 outreach sites): On-time pill pick-up, Retention in care, Pharmacy stock-outs, Dispensing practices, and Viral load suppression. Comparisons were made between main and outreach sites and between 2014 and 2012 using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test in a matched analysis. Results The national estimates were: On-time pill pick-up 81.9% (95% CI 81.1-82.8) for adults and 82.4% (81.3-83.4) for pediatrics, Retention in care 79% retained on ART after 12 months for adults and 82% for pediatrics, Pharmacy stock-outs 94% of months without a stock-out for adults and 88% for pediatrics, and Dispensing practices 0.01% (0.001-0.056) dispensed mono-or dual-therapy for adults and 0.01% (0.001-0.069) for pediatrics. Viral load suppression was significantly affected by low rates of Viral load completion. Main sites had higher On-time pill pick-up than outreach sites for adults (p<0.001) and pediatrics (p<0.001), and no difference between main and outreach sites for Retention in care for adults (p = 0.761) or pediatrics (p = 0.214). From 2012 to 2014 in adult sites, On-time pill pick-up (p = 0.001), Retention in care (p<0.001), and Pharmacy stock-outs (p = 0.002) worsened. In pediatric sites, On-time pill pick-up (p<0.001) and Pharmacy stock-outs (p = 0.012) worsened. Conclusions Results of EWIs monitoring in Namibia provide evidence about ART programmatic functioning and contextualize results from national surveys of HIVDR. These results are worrisome as they show a decline in program performance over time. The national ART program is taking steps to minimize the emergence of HIVDR by strengthening adherence and retention of patients on ART, reducing stock-outs, and strengthening ART data quality. C1 [Mutenda, Nicholus; Nitschke, Anne-Marie; Nakanyala, Tuli; Hamunime, Ndapewa; Mekonen, Tadesse; Tjituka, Francina] Republ Namibia Minist Hlth & Social Serv, Directorate Special Programmes, Windhoek, Namibia. [Bukowski, Alexandra; Jordan, Michael R.; Hong, Steven Y.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Mazibuko, Greatjoy; Mwinga, Samson; Mabirizi, David; Sagwa, Evans] Management Sci Hlth, SIAPS, Windhoek, Namibia. [Indongo, Rosalia] US Agcy Int Dev, Windhoek, Namibia. [Dean, Natalie] Univ Florida, Dept Biostat, Gainesville, FL USA. [Jordan, Michael R.; Hong, Steven Y.] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Hong, SY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA.; Hong, SY (reprint author), Tufts Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM shong@tuftsmedicalcenter.org NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 12 AR e0166649 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0166649 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE3JC UT WOS:000389482700031 PM 27906995 ER PT J AU Gomez, GB Dowdy, DW Bastos, ML Zwerling, A Sweeney, S Foster, N Trajman, A Islam, MA Kapiga, S Sinanovic, E Knight, GM White, RG Wells, WA Cobelens, FG Vassall, A AF Gomez, G. B. Dowdy, D. W. Bastos, M. L. Zwerling, A. Sweeney, S. Foster, N. Trajman, A. Islam, M. A. Kapiga, S. Sinanovic, E. Knight, G. M. White, R. G. Wells, W. A. Cobelens, F. G. Vassall, A. TI Cost and cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment shortening: a model-based analysis SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Tuberculosis; Cost-effectiveness; Economic evaluation; New technologies ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; SPUTUM SMEAR MICROSCOPY; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; SOUTH-AFRICA; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV/AIDS; BEDAQUILINE; COUNTRIES; SERVICES AB Background: Despite improvements in treatment success rates for tuberculosis (TB), current six-month regimen duration remains a challenge for many National TB Programmes, health systems, and patients. There is increasing investment in the development of shortened regimens with a number of candidates in phase 3 trials. Methods: We developed an individual-based decision analytic model to assess the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical four-month regimen for first-line treatment of TB, assuming non-inferiority to current regimens of six-month duration. The model was populated using extensive, empirically-collected data to estimate the economic impact on both health systems and patients of regimen shortening for first-line TB treatment in South Africa, Brazil, Bangladesh, and Tanzania. We explicitly considered 'real world' constraints such as sub-optimal guideline adherence. Results: From a societal perspective, a shortened regimen, priced at USD1 per day, could be a cost-saving option in South Africa, Brazil, and Tanzania, but would not be cost-effective in Bangladesh when compared to one gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Incorporating ` real world' constraints reduces cost-effectiveness. Patient-incurred costs could be reduced in all settings. From a health service perspective, increased drug costs need to be balanced against decreased delivery costs. The new regimen would remain a cost-effective option, when compared to each countries' GDP per capita, even if new drugs cost up to USD7.5 and USD53.8 per day in South Africa and Brazil; this threshold was above USD1 in Tanzania and under USD1 in Bangladesh. Conclusion: Reducing the duration of first-line TB treatment has the potential for substantial economic gains from a patient perspective. The potential economic gains for health services may also be important, but will be context-specific and dependent on the appropriate pricing of any new regimen. C1 [Gomez, G. B.; Cobelens, F. G.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Amsterdam Inst Global Hlth & Dev, Trinity Bldg C,Pietersbergweg 17, NL-1105 BM Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Gomez, G. B.; Cobelens, F. G.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Global Hlth, Trinity Bldg C,Pietersbergweg 17, NL-1105 BM Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Gomez, G. B.; Sweeney, S.; Vassall, A.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth & Dev, London, England. [Dowdy, D. W.; Zwerling, A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Bastos, M. L.; Trajman, A.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Bastos, M. L.; Trajman, A.] TB Sci League, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Foster, N.; Sinanovic, E.] Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, Hlth Econ Unit, Cape Town, South Africa. [Trajman, A.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Islam, M. A.] BRAC Ctr, BRAC Hlth Nutr & Populat Programme, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Kapiga, S.] Natl Inst Med Res, Mwanza Intervent Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania. [Knight, G. M.; White, R. G.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, TB Modelling Grp, London, England. [Wells, W. A.; Cobelens, F. G.] Global Alliance TB Drug Dev, New York, NY USA. [Cobelens, F. G.] KNCV TB Fdn, The Hague, Netherlands. [Wells, W. A.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Gomez, GB (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Amsterdam Inst Global Hlth & Dev, Trinity Bldg C,Pietersbergweg 17, NL-1105 BM Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Gomez, GB (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Global Hlth, Trinity Bldg C,Pietersbergweg 17, NL-1105 BM Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Gomez, GB (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth & Dev, London, England. EM g.gomez@aighd.org RI White, Richard/D-5407-2009 OI White, Richard/0000-0003-4410-6635 FU Global Alliance for TB Drug Development; Medical Research Council (UK) [MR/J005088/1]; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (TB Modelling and Analysis Consortium) [OPP1084276]; CDC/PEPFAR via the Aurum Institute [U2GPS0008111] FX This work was supported by the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development. RGW is funded the Medical Research Council (UK) (MR/J005088/1), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (TB Modelling and Analysis Consortium: OPP1084276), and CDC/PEPFAR via the Aurum Institute (U2GPS0008111). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 16 AR 726 DI 10.1186/s12879-016-2064-3 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA ED7WY UT WOS:000389083700001 PM 27905897 ER PT J AU Tebbutt, E Brodmann, R Borg, J MacLachlan, M Khasnabis, C Horvath, R AF Tebbutt, Emma Brodmann, Rebecca Borg, Johan MacLachlan, Malcolm Khasnabis, Chapal Horvath, Robert TI Assistive products and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) SO GLOBALIZATION AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Assistive products; Assistive technology; Sustainable Development Goals; SDGs; Limitations; People with disabilities; Global Cooperation on Assistive Technology; GATE ID REHABILITATION AB The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have placed great emphasis on the need for much greater social inclusion, and on making deliberate efforts to reach marginalized groups. People with disabilities are often marginalized through their lack of access to a range of services and opportunities. Assistive products can help people overcome impairments and barriers enabling them to be active, participating and productive members of society. Assistive products are vital for people with disabilities, frailty and chronic illnesses; and for those with mental health problems, and gradual cognitive and physical decline characteristic of aging populations. This paper illustrates how the achievement of each of the 17 SDGs can be facilitated by the use of assistive products. Without promoting the availability of assistive products the SDGs cannot be achieved equitably. We highlight how assistive products can be considered as both a mediator and a moderator of SDG achievement. We also briefly describe how the Global Cooperation on Assistive Technology (GATE) is working to promote greater access to assistive products on a global scale. C1 [Tebbutt, Emma; Brodmann, Rebecca; Khasnabis, Chapal] Essential Med & Hlth Prod World Hlth Org, GATE Grp, Geneva, Switzerland. [Borg, Johan] Lund Univ, Social Med & Global Hlth, Lund, Sweden. [MacLachlan, Malcolm] Trinity Coll Dublin, Ctr Global Hlth, Dublin 2, Ireland. [MacLachlan, Malcolm] Univ Stellenbosch, Ctr Rehabil Studies, Stellenbosch, South Africa. [MacLachlan, Malcolm] Palacky Univ Olomouc, Olomouc Univ Social Hlth Inst, Olomouc, Czech Republic. [Horvath, Robert] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP MacLachlan, M (reprint author), Trinity Coll Dublin, Ctr Global Hlth, Dublin 2, Ireland.; MacLachlan, M (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Ctr Rehabil Studies, Stellenbosch, South Africa. EM Malcolm.maclachlan@tcd.ie FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) FX The writing of this paper was in-part supported by funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1744-8603 J9 GLOBALIZATION HEALTH JI Global. Health PD NOV 29 PY 2016 VL 12 AR 79 DI 10.1186/s12992-016-0220-6 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ED5MM UT WOS:000388896400001 PM 27899117 ER PT J AU Mtove, G Mugasa, JP Messenger, LA Malima, RC Mangesho, P Magogo, F Plucinski, M Hashimu, R Matowo, J Shepard, D Batengana, B Cook, J Emidi, B Halasa, Y Kaaya, R Kihombo, A Lindblade, KA Makenga, G Mpangala, R Mwambuli, A Mzava, R Mziray, A Olang, G Oxborough, RM Seif, M Sambu, E Samuels, A Sudi, W Thomas, J Weston, S Alilio, M Binkin, N Gimnig, J Kleinschmidt, I McElroy, P Moulton, LH Norris, L Ruebush, T Venkatesan, M Rowland, M Mosha, FW Kisinza, WN AF Mtove, George Mugasa, Joseph P. Messenger, Louisa A. Malima, Robert C. Mangesho, Peter Magogo, Franklin Plucinski, Mateusz Hashimu, Ramadhan Matowo, Johnson Shepard, Donald Batengana, Bernard Cook, Jackie Emidi, Basiliana Halasa, Yara Kaaya, Robert Kihombo, Aggrey Lindblade, Kimberly A. Makenga, Geofrey Mpangala, Robert Mwambuli, Abraham Mzava, Ruth Mziray, Abubakary Olang, George Oxborough, Richard M. Seif, Mohammed Sambu, Edward Samuels, Aaron Sudi, Wema Thomas, John Weston, Sophie Alilio, Martin Binkin, Nancy Gimnig, John Kleinschmidt, Immo McElroy, Peter Moulton, Lawrence H. Norris, Laura Ruebush, Trenton Venkatesan, Meera Rowland, Mark Mosha, Franklin W. Kisinza, William N. TI The effectiveness of non-pyrethroid insecticide-treated durable wall lining to control malaria in rural Tanzania: study protocol for a two-armed cluster randomized trial (vol 16, 633, 2016) SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Correction C1 [Mtove, George; Mugasa, Joseph P.; Malima, Robert C.; Mangesho, Peter; Magogo, Franklin; Hashimu, Ramadhan; Batengana, Bernard; Kihombo, Aggrey; Makenga, Geofrey; Mpangala, Robert; Mwambuli, Abraham; Mzava, Ruth; Mziray, Abubakary; Olang, George; Seif, Mohammed; Sambu, Edward; Sudi, Wema; Moulton, Lawrence H.; Kisinza, William N.] Amani Res Ctr, Natl Inst Med Res, Muheza, Tanzania. [Messenger, Louisa A.; Cook, Jackie; Weston, Sophie; Kleinschmidt, Immo; Rowland, Mark] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Dis Control, London, England. [Plucinski, Mateusz; McElroy, Peter] US Presidents Malaria Initiat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Plucinski, Mateusz; Lindblade, Kimberly A.; Samuels, Aaron; Gimnig, John; McElroy, Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Matowo, Johnson; Emidi, Basiliana; Kaaya, Robert; Mosha, Franklin W.] Kilimanjaro Christian Med Coll, Moshi, Tanzania. [Shepard, Donald; Emidi, Basiliana] Natl Inst Med Res, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Halasa, Yara] Brandeis Univ, Heller Sch, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. [Oxborough, Richard M.] Abt Associates Inc, PMI Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project, London, England. [Thomas, John] Phoenix Ordinary LLC, Bridgewater, NJ USA. [Alilio, Martin; Norris, Laura; Venkatesan, Meera] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Binkin, Nancy; Ruebush, Trenton] Univ Res Co LLC, Translating Res Act Project TRAct, Bethesda, MD USA. [Moulton, Lawrence H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Mtove, G (reprint author), Amani Res Ctr, Natl Inst Med Res, Muheza, Tanzania. EM mtoveg2002@gmail.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD NOV 25 PY 2016 VL 16 AR 1195 DI 10.1186/s12889-016-3856-5 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EE2BC UT WOS:000389387700001 PM 27887607 ER PT J AU Diallo, K Kim, AA Lecher, S Ellenberger, D Beard, RS Dale, H Hurlston, M Rivadeneira, M Fonjungo, PN Broyles, LN Zhang, GQ Sleeman, K Nguyen, S Jadczak, S Abiola, N Ewetola, R Muwonga, J Fwamba, F Mwangi, C Naluguza, M Kiyaga, C Ssewanyana, I Varough, D Wysler, D Lowrance, D Louis, FJ Desinor, O Buteau, J Kesner, F Rouzier, V Segaren, N Lewis, T Sarr, A Chipungu, G Gupta, S Singer, D Mwenda, R Kapoteza, H Chipeta, Z Knight, N Carmona, S MacLeod, W Sherman, G Pillay, Y Ndongmo, CB Mugisa, B Mwila, A McAuley, J Chipimo, PJ Kaonga, W Nsofwa, D Nsama, D Mwamba, FZ Moyo, C Phiri, C Borget, MY Ya-Kouadio, L Kouame, A Adje-Toure, CA Nkengasong, J AF Diallo, Karidia Kim, Andrea A. Lecher, Shirley Ellenberger, Dennis Beard, R. Suzanne Dale, Helen Hurlston, Mackenzie Rivadeneira, Molly Fonjungo, Peter N. Broyles, Laura N. Zhang, Guoqing Sleeman, Katrina Shon Nguyen Jadczak, Steve Abiola, Nadine Ewetola, Raimi Muwonga, Jeremie Fwamba, Franck Mwangi, Christina Naluguza, Mary Kiyaga, Charles Ssewanyana, Isaac Varough, Deyde Wysler, Domercant Lowrance, David Louis, Frantz Jean Desinor, Olbeg Buteau, Josiane Kesner, Francois Rouzier, Vanessa Segaren, Nat Lewis, Tessa Sarr, Abdoulaye Chipungu, Geoffrey Gupta, Sundeep Singer, Daniel Mwenda, Reuben Kapoteza, Hilary Chipeta, Zawadi Knight, Nancy Carmona, Sergio MacLeod, William Sherman, Gayle Pillay, Yogan Ndongmo, Clement B. Mugisa, Bridget Mwila, Annie McAuley, James Chipimo, Peter J. Kaonga, Wezi Nsofwa, Dailess Nsama, Davy Mwamba, Fales Zulu Moyo, Crispin Phiri, Clement Borget, Marie-Yolande Ya-Kouadio, Leonard Kouame, Abo Adje-Toure, Christiane A. Nkengasong, John TI Early Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Infants - One Caribbean and Six Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2011-2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY C1 [Diallo, Karidia; Kim, Andrea A.; Lecher, Shirley; Ellenberger, Dennis; Beard, R. Suzanne; Dale, Helen; Hurlston, Mackenzie; Rivadeneira, Molly; Fonjungo, Peter N.; Broyles, Laura N.; Zhang, Guoqing; Sleeman, Katrina; Shon Nguyen; Jadczak, Steve; Nkengasong, John] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Abiola, Nadine; Ewetola, Raimi] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO. [Muwonga, Jeremie] SIDA, Lab Natl Reference, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO. [Fwamba, Franck] SIDA, Programme Natl Lutte, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO. [Mwangi, Christina; Naluguza, Mary] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Kampala, Uganda. [Kiyaga, Charles; Ssewanyana, Isaac] Cent Publ Hlth Labs, Kampala, Uganda. [Wysler, Domercant; Lowrance, David; Louis, Frantz Jean] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Desinor, Olbeg] US Agcy Int Dev, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Buteau, Josiane] Lab Natl Sante Publ, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Kesner, Francois] SIDA, Programme Natl Lutte, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Rouzier, Vanessa] Grp Haitien Etud Sarcome Kaposi & Infect Opportun, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Segaren, Nat; Lewis, Tessa] CARIS Fdn, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Sarr, Abdoulaye; Chipungu, Geoffrey; Gupta, Sundeep; Singer, Daniel] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Mwenda, Reuben; Kapoteza, Hilary] Minist Hlth, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Chipeta, Zawadi; Knight, Nancy] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Pretoria, South Africa. [Carmona, Sergio] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Pathol, Dept Haematol & Mol Med, Johannesburg, South Africa. [MacLeod, William] Univ Witwatersrand, Hlth Econ & Epidemiol Res Off, Sch Clin Med, Fac Hlth Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Sherman, Gayle] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Paediat & Child Heath, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Sherman, Gayle] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Ctr HIV & STI, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Pillay, Yogan] Natl Dept Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa. [Ndongmo, Clement B.; Mugisa, Bridget; Mwila, Annie; McAuley, James; Chipimo, Peter J.; Kaonga, Wezi; Nsofwa, Dailess] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Lusaka, Zambia. [Nsama, Davy; Mwamba, Fales Zulu; Moyo, Crispin] Minist Hlth, Lusaka, Zambia. [Phiri, Clement] Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Lusaka, Zambia. [Borget, Marie-Yolande; Ya-Kouadio, Leonard; Adje-Toure, Christiane A.] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Kouame, Abo] SIDA, Programme Natl Lutte, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Diallo, K (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kdiallo@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 25 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 46 BP 1285 EP 1290 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ED1DY UT WOS:000388585700002 PM 27880749 ER PT J AU Mzilahowa, T Chiumia, M Mbewe, RB Uzalili, VT Luka-Banda, M Kutengule, A Mathanga, DP Ali, D Chiphwanya, J Zoya, J Mulenga, S Dodoli, W Bergeson-Lockwood, J Troell, P Oyugi, J Lindblade, K Gimnig, JE AF Mzilahowa, Themba Chiumia, Martin Mbewe, Rex B. Uzalili, Veronica T. Luka-Banda, Madalitso Kutengule, Anna Mathanga, Don P. Ali, Doreen Chiphwanya, John Zoya, John Mulenga, Shadreck Dodoli, Wilfred Bergeson-Lockwood, Jennifer Troell, Peter Oyugi, Jessica Lindblade, Kim Gimnig, John E. TI Increasing insecticide resistance in Anopheles funestus and Anopheles arabiensis in Malawi, 2011-2015 SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Insecticide resistance; Pyrethroid resistance; Malawi ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MALARIA VECTOR CONTROL; TREATED BED NETS; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; GAMBIAE-S.S.; BURKINA-FASO; POPULATIONS; MOSQUITOS; AFRICA; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Background: Susceptibility of principal Anopheles malaria vectors to common insecticides was monitored over a 5-year period across Malawi to inform and guide the national malaria control programme. Methods: Adult blood-fed Anopheles spp. and larvae were collected from multiple sites in sixteen districts across the country between 2011 and 2015. First generation (F-1) progeny aged 2-5 days old were tested for susceptibility, using standard WHO procedures, against pyrethroids (permethrin and deltamethrin), carbamates (bendiocarb and propoxur), organophosphates (malathion and pirimiphos-methyl) and an organochlorine (DDT). Results: Mortality of Anopheles funestus to deltamethrin, permethrin, bendiocarb and propoxur declined significantly over the 5-year (2011-2015) monitoring period. There was wide variation in susceptibility to DDT but it was not associated with time. In contrast, An. funestus exhibited 100% mortality to the organophosphates (malathion and pirimiphos-methyl) at all sites tested. There was reduced mortality of Anopheles arabiensis to deltamethrin over time though this was not statistically significant. However, mortality of An. arabiensis exposed to permethrin declined significantly over time. Anopheles arabiensis exposed to DDT were more likely to be killed if there was high ITN coverage in the mosquito collection area the previous year. There were no other associations between mosquito mortality in a bioassay and ITN coverage or IRS implementation. Mortality of An. funestus from four sites exposed to deltamethrin alone ranged from 2 to 31% and from 41 to 94% when pre-exposed to the synergist piperonyl butoxide followed by deltamethrin. For permethrin alone, mortality ranged from 2 to 13% while mortality ranged from 63 to 100% when pre-exposed to PBO. Conclusion: Pyrethroid resistance was detected in An. funestus and An. arabiensis populations across Malawi and has worsened over the last 5 years. New insecticides and control strategies are urgently needed to reduce the burden of malaria in Malawi. C1 [Mzilahowa, Themba; Chiumia, Martin; Mbewe, Rex B.; Uzalili, Veronica T.; Luka-Banda, Madalitso; Kutengule, Anna; Mathanga, Don P.] Malawi Coll Med, Malaria Alert Ctr, P Bag 360, Blantyre 3, Malawi. [Ali, Doreen; Chiphwanya, John; Zoya, John; Mulenga, Shadreck] Minist Hlth, Community Hlth Serv Unit, Natl Malaria Control Programme, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Dodoli, Wilfred] WHO Country Off, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Bergeson-Lockwood, Jennifer] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Troell, Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Oyugi, Jessica; Lindblade, Kim; Gimnig, John E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mzilahowa, T (reprint author), Malawi Coll Med, Malaria Alert Ctr, P Bag 360, Blantyre 3, Malawi. EM tmzilahowa@mac.medcol.mw FU President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) FX Funding for this work came from several sources but primarily the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) and other support was obtained from the Malaria Capacity Development Consortium (MCDC), the European Foundation Initiative into Neglected Tropical Diseases (EFINTD) and the Global Fund to fight HIV/AIDS, TB and Malaria (GF). NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD NOV 22 PY 2016 VL 15 AR 563 DI 10.1186/s12936-016-1610-1 PG 15 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA EC7UN UT WOS:000388345900001 PM 27876046 ER PT J AU Koblinsky, M Moyer, CA Calvert, C Campbell, J Campbell, OMR Feigl, AB Graham, WJ Hatt, L Hodgins, S Matthews, Z McDougall, L Moran, AC Nandakumar, AK Langer, A AF Koblinsky, Marjorie Moyer, Cheryl A. Calvert, Clara Campbell, James Campbell, Oona M. R. Feigl, Andrea B. Graham, Wendy J. Hatt, Laurel Hodgins, Steve Matthews, Zoe McDougall, Lori Moran, Allisyn C. Nandakumar, Allyala K. Langer, Ana TI Quality maternity care for every woman, everywhere: a call to action SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC CARE; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; PREGNANCY-RELATED MORTALITY; GLOBAL FINANCING FACILITY; MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; HEALTH-SERVICES; NEWBORN HEALTH; CHILD HEALTH; COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION; DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE AB To improve maternal health requires action to ensure quality maternal health care for all women and girls, and to guarantee access to care for those outside the system. In this paper, we highlight some of the most pressing issues in maternal health and ask: what steps can be taken in the next 5 years to catalyse action toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goal target of less than 70 maternal deaths per 100 000 livebirths by 2030, with no single country exceeding 140? What steps can be taken to ensure that high-quality maternal health care is prioritised for every woman and girl everywhere? We call on all stakeholders to work together in securing a healthy, prosperous future for all women. National and local governments must be supported by development partners, civil society, and the private sector in leading efforts to improve maternal-perinatal health. This effort means dedicating needed policies and resources, and sustaining implementation to address the many factors influencing maternal health-care provision and use. Five priority actions emerge for all partners: prioritise quality maternal health services that respond to the local specificities of need, and meet emerging challenges; promote equity through universal coverage of quality maternal health services, including for the most vulnerable women; increase the resilience and strength of health systems by optimising the health workforce, and improve facility capability; guarantee sustainable finances for maternal-perinatal health; and accelerate progress through evidence, advocacy, and accountability. C1 [Koblinsky, Marjorie; Moran, Allisyn C.] USAID, Maternal & Child Hlth, HIDN, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Nandakumar, Allyala K.] USAID, Off Hlth Syst, Washington, DC USA. [Moyer, Cheryl A.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Learning Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Moyer, Cheryl A.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol Global REACH, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Calvert, Clara; Campbell, Oona M. R.; Graham, Wendy J.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England. [Campbell, James] WHO, Hlth Workforce, Geneva, Switzerland. [Feigl, Andrea B.; Hatt, Laurel] Abt Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Hodgins, Steve] Save Children, Saving Newborn Lives, Washington, DC USA. [Matthews, Zoe] Univ Southampton, Dept Social Stat & Demog, Southampton, Hants, England. [McDougall, Lori] Partnership Maternal Newborn & Child Hlth, Geneva, Switzerland. [Langer, Ana] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Maternal Hlth Task Force, Women & Hlth Initiat, Boston, MA USA. RP Koblinsky, M (reprint author), USAID, Maternal & Child Hlth, HIDN, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM mkoblinsky@gmail.com FU MacArthur Foundation; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; USAID; MCSP FX This paper was funded by the MacArthur Foundation, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, USAID, and MCSP. The funders did not have any role in the development or writing of this paper. We thank Frank Anderson, Linda Bartlett, Neal Brandes, Asha George, Amanda Glassman, April Harding, Alain LaBrique, Margaret Kruk, David Milestone, Judith Moore, Lisa Nichols, Saiqa Panjsheri, Tom Pullum, Jim Ricca, Pamela Riley, Jeff Smith, Mary Ellen Stanton, and Ann Starrs for their insights that initiated the drafting of this paper. We thank Giorgio Cometto, Giorgia Gon, Rima Jolivet, Emily Hillman, Corrine W Ruktanonchai, Malay Mridha, and Samiksha Singh who assisted with specific inquiries or figures. We are grateful for the grounding for the paper contributed by the Series' lead authors. Finally, we thank the anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. NR 132 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 5 PY 2016 VL 388 IS 10057 BP 2307 EP 2320 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31333-2 PG 14 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EA8MO UT WOS:000386889300036 PM 27642018 ER PT J AU Grings, EE Zampaligre, N Ayantunde, A AF Grings, E. E. Zampaligre, N. Ayantunde, A. TI Overcoming challenges to utilization of dormant forage in year-round grazing systems SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Grazing Livestock Nutrition Conference (GLNC) - Enhancing Management, Production, and Sustainability of Grazing Ruminants in Extensive Landscapes CY JUL 17-19, 2016 CL Park City, UT SP Amer Soc Anim Sci, Western Sect, Micronutrients, Novus, Montana State Univ, Agr Expt Stat, Oregon State Univ DE adaptation; forage quality; grazing; livestock systems; nutrition ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; INGESTIVE BEHAVIOR; LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS; CALF PERFORMANCE; WEST-AFRICA; BEEF-COWS; CATTLE; RANGELANDS; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS AB Livestock managers dealing with inter-and intra-annual forage quality dynamics use a variety of adaptive systems to cope. In higher rainfall areas, managers may have the ability to manipulate forage quantity and quality through forage management tactics such as grazing management, fertilization and use of seeded forages. In more semiarid and arid areas, forage dynamics are more heavily controlled by climatic factors. In these regions, adaption of animal management systems, such as by adjusting the match-up between seasonal nutrient demand and supply through manipulation of the animals' physiological state, or through the use of mobility, may be more appropriate. Understanding factors affecting forage dynamics and how managers develop systems to adjust is important to helping these managers to deal with future changes in climate and land use. This review describes livestock system adaptations used to deal with high and variable inter-and intra-annual forage dynamics primarily found in arid and semiarid production zones. C1 [Grings, E. E.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Zampaligre, N.] Inst Environm & Rech Agr INERA, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Ayantunde, A.] Int Livestock Res Inst, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. RP Grings, EE (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM elaine.ethel@hotmail.com NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 94 SU 6 BP 2 EP 14 DI 10.2527/jas2016-0517 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA EI9MJ UT WOS:000392831900002 ER PT J AU Turk, J AF Turk, J. TI Meeting projected food demands by 2050: Understanding and enhancing the role of grazing ruminants SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Grazing Livestock Nutrition Conference (GLNC) - Enhancing Management, Production, and Sustainability of Grazing Ruminants in Extensive Landscapes CY JUL 17-19, 2016 CL Park City, UT SP Amer Soc Anim Sci, Western Sect, Micronutrients, Novus, Montana State Univ, Agr Expt Stat, Oregon State Univ DE animal source food; meat and milk production; consumption; and demand; population growth; urbanization ID TRENDS AB Increasing human populations, urbanization and rising incomes are driving greater demand for animal source food in most parts of the world but especially in developing countries. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (UN-FAO) estimates that by 2050 the global per capita demand for meat will increase annually between approximately 6 and 23 kg, particularly in the Latin America-Caribbean and East and South Asia-Pacific regions. (IAASTD, 2009) Recent modeling of livestock populations by FAO and the World Bank depicts large and rapid increases in ruminant populations. The global cattle population is predicted to increase from 1.5 billion to 2.6 billion animals, and the global goat and sheep population from 1.7 billion to 2.7 billion animals between 2000 and 2050. However, the challenge is to increase livestock productivity rather than increase animal numbers that elevate pressure on natural resources and can lead to sociopolitical conflicts that often result in human migration to safer territories. In addition, climate changes such as elevated temperatures, more frequent and prolonged droughts, and erratic rainfall patterns are impacting traditional ruminant grazing systems and forcing producers to adapt different management practices or lifestyles. Global hunger severity varies with geographic region and prevalent economic security as well as population size. The role of grazing ruminants remains vital to healthier people, healthier economies and a healthier environment. C1 [Turk, J.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Turk, J (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jturk.livestock@gmail.com NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 94 SU 6 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.2527/jas2016-0547 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA EI9MJ UT WOS:000392831900007 ER PT J AU Holland, CE Kouanda, S Lougue, M Pitche, VP Schwartz, S Anato, S Ouedraogo, HG Tchalla, J Yah, CS Kapesa, L Ketende, S Beyrer, C Baral, S AF Holland, Claire E. Kouanda, Seni Lougue, Marcel Pitche, Vincent Palokinam Schwartz, Sheree Anato, Simplice Ouedraogo, Henri Gautier Tchalla, Jules Yah, Clarence S. Kapesa, Laurent Ketende, Sosthenes Beyrer, Chris Baral, Stefan TI Using Population-Size Estimation and Cross-sectional Survey Methods to Evaluate HIV Service Coverage Among Key Populations in Burkina Faso and Togo SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article DE HIV; epidemiology; key populations ID FEMALE SEX WORKERS; MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; CARE CONTINUUM; SOUTH-AFRICA; PREVENTION; MEN; INFECTION; RISK; INTERVENTIONS; RETENTION AB Objectives: The objective of our study was to measure progress toward the UNAIDS 90-90-90 HIV care targets among key populations in urban areas of 2 countries in West Africa: Burkina Faso and Togo. Methods: We recruited female sex workers (FSWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM) through respondent-driven sampling. From January to July 2013, 2738 participants were enrolled, tested for HIV, and completed interviewer-administered surveys. We used population-size estimation methods to calculate the number of people who were engaged in the HIV continuum of care. Results: HIV prevalence ranged from 0.6% (2 of 329) of MSM in Kara, Togo, to 32.9% (115 of 350) of FSWs in Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Of those confirmed to be HIV infected, a range of 0.0% (0 of 2) of MSM in Kara to 55.7% (64 of 115) of FSWs in Bobo Dioulasso were using ART. Based on population estimates, the percentage gap between HIV-infected people who should be using ART (per the 90-90-90 targets) and those who reported using ART ranged from 31.5% among FSWs in Bobo Dioulasso to 100.0% among MSM in Kara. Conclusions: HIV service coverage among MSM and FSWs in Burkina Faso and Togo was low in 2013. Interventions for improving engagement of these at-risk populations in the HIV continuum of care should include frequent, routine HIV testing and linkage to evidence-based HIV treatment services. Population-size estimates can be used to inform governments, policy makers, and funding agencies about where elements of HIV service coverage are most needed. C1 [Holland, Claire E.; Schwartz, Sheree; Yah, Clarence S.; Ketende, Sosthenes; Beyrer, Chris; Baral, Stefan] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kouanda, Seni; Ouedraogo, Henri Gautier] Inst Rech Sci Sante, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Kouanda, Seni] Inst Africain Sante Publ, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Lougue, Marcel] Programme Appui Monde Associatif & Communautaire, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Pitche, Vincent Palokinam] Natl AIDS Council, Lome, Togo. [Pitche, Vincent Palokinam] Univ Lome, Lome, Togo. [Anato, Simplice] Arc En Ciel, Lome, Togo. [Tchalla, Jules] Espoir Vie Togo, Lome, Togo. [Kapesa, Laurent] USAID West Africa, Accra, Ghana. RP Holland, CE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM cholland@jhu.edu FU US Agency for International Development [GHH-I-0007-00032-00]; President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief; Measurement & Surveillance of HIV Epidemics Consortium; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research, a National Institutes of Health (NIH) [P30AI094189]; Fogarty International Center; National Cancer Institute; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Institute of General Medical Sciences; National Institute of Mental Health; National Institute on Aging; National Institute on Drug Abuse and Office of AIDS Research FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The USAID-Project SEARCH, Task Order No. 2, was funded by the US Agency for International Development under contract GHH-I-0007-00032-00, beginning September 30, 2008, and supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. The Research to Prevention Project was led by the Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health and managed by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs. Additional support was provided by the Measurement & Surveillance of HIV Epidemics Consortium, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Stefan Baral's effort was funded in part by support from the Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research, a National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded program (P30AI094189), which is supported by the following NIH cofunding and participating institutes and centers: Fogarty International Center, National Cancer Institute, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute on Aging, National Institute on Drug Abuse, and Office of AIDS Research. The contents of this article are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0033-3549 EI 1468-2877 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 131 IS 6 BP 773 EP 782 DI 10.1177/0033354916677237 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ED2FN UT WOS:000388659400007 PM 28123223 ER PT J AU Pablos-Mendez, A Baker, S AF Pablos-Mendez, Ariel Baker, Susanna TI A New Leader for a New World Health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pablos-Mendez, Ariel; Baker, Susanna] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Baker, S (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM sbaker@usaid.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2016 VL 106 IS 11 BP 1907 EP 1908 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303474 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EC4IE UT WOS:000388090200012 PM 27715291 ER PT J AU Geissler, KH Goldberg, J Leatherman, S AF Geissler, Kimberley H. Goldberg, Jeffrey Leatherman, Sheila TI Using microfinance to facilitate household investment in sanitation in rural Cambodia SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Cambodia; financing; sanitation ID LATIN-AMERICA; HEALTH; ENTEROPATHY AB Improved sanitation access is extremely low in rural Cambodia. Non-governmental organizations have helped build local supply side latrine markets to promote household latrine purchase and use, but households cite inability to pay as a key barrier to purchase. To examine the extent to which microfinance can be used to facilitate household investment in sanitation, we applied a two-pronged assessment: (1) to address the gap between interest in and use of microfinance, we conducted a pilot study to assess microfinance demand and feasibility of integration with a sanitation marketing program and (2) using a household survey (n = 935) at latrine sales events in two rural provinces, we assessed attitudes about microfinance and financing for sanitation. We found substantial stated intent to use a microfinance institution (MFI) loan to purchase a latrine (27%). Five percent of current owners used an MFI loan for latrine purchase. Credit officers attended 159 events, with 4761 individuals attending. Actual loan applications were low, with 4% of sales events attendees applying for a loan immediately following the event (mean = 1.7 loans per event). Ongoing coordination was challenging, requiring management commitment from the sanitation marketing program and commitment to social responsibility from the MFI. Given the importance of improving sanitation coverage and concomitant health impacts, linking functional sanitation markets to already operational finance markets has the potential to give individuals and households more financial flexibility. Further product research and better integration of private vendors and financing modalities are necessary to create a scalable microfinance option for sanitation markets. C1 [Geissler, Kimberley H.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Goldberg, Jeffrey] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Econ Growth Educ & Environm, Off Water, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Leatherman, Sheila] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Geissler, KH (reprint author), 715 North Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM kgeissler@umass.edu FU US Agency for International Development FX This project was supported by the US Agency for International Development. The authors views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1080 EI 1460-2237 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1193 EP 1199 DI 10.1093/heapol/czw051 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA EC3BB UT WOS:000387998200006 PM 27198981 ER PT J AU Bishai, D Sherry, M Pereira, CC Chicumbe, S Mbofana, F Boore, A Smith, M Nhambi, L Borse, NN AF Bishai, David Sherry, Melissa Pereira, Claudia C. Chicumbe, Sergio Mbofana, Francisco Boore, Amy Smith, Monica Nhambi, Leonel Borse, Nagesh N. TI Development and Usefulness of a District Health Systems Tool for Performance Improvement in Essential Public Health Functions in Botswana and Mozambique SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Africa; Botswana; district health management; essential public health functions; Mozambique; performance improvement; public health practice ID QUALITY IMPROVEMENT; STANDARDS; IMPLEMENTATION; SERVICES AB Introduction: This study describes the development of a self-audit tool for public health and the associated methodology for implementing a district health system self-audit tool that can provide quantitative data on how district governments perceive their performance of the essential public health functions. Methods: Development began with a consensus-building process to engage Ministry of Health and provincial health officers in Mozambique and Botswana. We then worked with lists of relevant public health functions as determined by these stakeholders to adapt a self-audit tool describing essential public health functions to each country's health system. We then piloted the tool across districts in both countries and conducted interviews with district health personnel to determine health workers' perception of the usefulness of the approach. Results: Country stakeholders were able to develop consensus around 11 essential public health functions that were relevant in each country. Pilots of the self-audit tool enabled the tool to be effectively shortened. Pilots also disclosed a tendency to upcode during self-audits that was checked by group deliberation. Convening sessions at the district enabled better attendance and representative deliberation. Instant feedback from the audit was a feature that 100% of pilot respondents found most useful. Conclusion: The development of metrics that provide feedback on public health performance can be used as an aid in the self-assessment of health system performance at the district level. Measurements of practice can open the door to future applications for practice improvement and research into the determinants and consequences of better public health practice. The current tool can be assessed for its usefulness to district health managers in improving their public health practice. The tool can also be used by the Ministry of Health or external donors in the African region for monitoring the district-level performance of the essential public health functions. C1 [Bishai, David] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat Family & Reprod Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Sherry, Melissa] JHPIEGO, Baltimore, MD USA. [Pereira, Claudia C.] Fiocruz MS, ENSP, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Chicumbe, Sergio; Mbofana, Francisco] Natl Inst Hlth, Maputo, Mozambique. [Boore, Amy] CDC, Maputo, Mozambique. [Smith, Monica] CDC, Gaborone, Botswana. [Nhambi, Leonel] JHPIEGO, Maputo, Mozambique. [Borse, Nagesh N.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Bishai, D (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat Family & Reprod Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM dbishai@jhsph.edu RI BORSE, NAGESH/D-4631-2016 OI BORSE, NAGESH/0000-0001-6512-1872 FU United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Division of Global HIV/AIDS Health Systems FX The United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Division of Global HIV/AIDS Health Systems offered grant support for this research. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1078-4659 EI 1550-5022 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 22 IS 6 BP 586 EP 596 DI 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000407 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DY9KL UT WOS:000385452400016 PM 27682727 ER PT J AU Campbell, OMR Calvert, C Testa, A Strehlow, M Benova, L Keyes, E Donnay, F Macleod, D Gabrysch, S Rong, L Ronsmans, C Sadruddin, S Koblinsky, M Bailey, P AF Campbell, Oona M. R. Calvert, Clara Testa, Adrienne Strehlow, Matthew Benova, Lenka Keyes, Emily Donnay, France Macleod, David Gabrysch, Sabine Rong, Luo Ronsmans, Carine Sadruddin, Salim Koblinsky, Marge Bailey, Patricia TI The scale, scope, coverage, and capability of childbirth care SO LANCET LA English DT Review ID EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC CARE; SECTIONAL SURVEY EVIDENCE; MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; LOW-RESOURCE SETTINGS; ADVANCED LIFE-SUPPORT; MATERNAL MORTALITY; NEWBORN HEALTH; SKILLED ATTENDANCE; REFERRAL SYSTEM; MADHYA-PRADESH AB All women should have access to high quality maternity services but what do we know about the health care available to and used by women? With a focus on low-income and middle-income countries, we present data that policy makers and planners can use to evaluate whether maternal health services are functioning to meet needs of women nationally, and potentially subnationally. We describe configurations of intrapartum care systems, and focus in particular on where, and with whom, deliveries take place. The necessity of ascertaining actual facility capability and providers' skills is highlighted, as is the paucity of information on maternity waiting homes and transport as mechanisms to link women to care. Furthermore, we stress the importance of assessment of routine provision of care (not just emergency care), and contextualise this importance within geographic circumstances (eg, in sparsely-populated regions vs dense urban areas). Although no single model-of-care fits all contexts, we discuss implications of the models we observe, and consider changes that might improve services and accelerate response to future challenges. Areas that need attention include minimisation of overintervention while responding to the changing disease burden. Conceptualisation, systematic measurement, and effective tackling of coverage and configuration challenges to implement high quality, respectful maternal health-care services are key to ensure that every woman can give birth without risk to her life, or that of her baby. C1 [Campbell, Oona M. R.; Calvert, Clara; Testa, Adrienne; Benova, Lenka; Macleod, David; Ronsmans, Carine] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Strehlow, Matthew] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA USA. [Keyes, Emily; Bailey, Patricia] FHI 360, Durham, NC USA. [Donnay, France] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Gabrysch, Sabine] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany. [Rong, Luo] Chinese Dis Prevent Control Ctr, Natl Ctr Women & Children Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Ronsmans, Carine] Sichuan Univ, West China Sch Publ Hlth, Chengdu, Peoples R China. [Sadruddin, Salim] WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. [Koblinsky, Marge] USAID, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr Maternal & Child Hlth, Washington, DC USA. RP Campbell, OMR (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM oona.campbell@lshtm.ac.uk FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; MacArthur Foundation FX The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the MacArthur Foundation supported this work. We thank the Ghana Health Services for access to the Ghana 2010 Assessment data; the Mozambique Ministry of Health and National Institute for Health for access to the Mozambique 2012 assessment data; the Ethiopia Federal Ministry of Health for access to the Ethiopia 2008 assessment data; the Demographic and Health Survey Program for access to Service Provision Assessments and surveys; Robert Scherpbier, Sufang Guo, and Xiaona Huang from UNICEF, China, and Hu Wenling from the National Center for Women and Children Health, Chinese Disease Prevention Control Center, Beijing, for access to facility assessment data from China; Luisa Kunz for help accessing German data; Masao Iwagami, Kazuyo Machiyama, and Sean Duffy (London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK) for help accessing and interpretation of Japanese data; Kerry Wong for preparing figure in appendix on telephone and motorised vehicle ownership in Kenya; and Jerker Liljestrand (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Louisiana, WA, USA) and Kevin Quigley (School of African and Oriental Studies, London, UK) for comments on a draft. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated. NR 135 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 29 PY 2016 VL 388 IS 10056 BP 2193 EP 2208 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31528-8 PG 16 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EA1DJ UT WOS:000386332400039 PM 27642023 ER PT J AU Hankins, C Warren, M Njeuhmeli, E AF Hankins, Catherine Warren, Mitchell Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention: New Mathematical Models for Strategic Demand Creation Prioritizing Subpopulations by Age and Geography SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Over 11 million voluntary medical male circumcisions (VMMC) have been performed of the projected 20.3 million needed to reach 80% adult male circumcision prevalence in priority sub-Saharan African countries. Striking numbers of adolescent males, outside the 15-49-year-old age target, have been accessing VMMC services. What are the implications of overall progress in scale-up to date? Can mathematical modeling provide further insights on how to efficiently reach the male circumcision coverage levels needed to create and sustain further reductions in HIV incidence to make AIDS no longer a public health threat by 2030? Considering ease of implementation and cultural acceptability, decision makers may also value the estimates that mathematical models can generate of immediacy of impact, cost-effectiveness, and magnitude of impact resulting from different policy choices. This supplement presents the results of mathematical modeling using the Decision Makers' Program Planning Tool Version 2.0 (DMPPT 2.0), the Actuarial Society of South Africa (ASSA2008) model, and the age structured mathematical (ASM) model. These models are helping countries examine the potential effects on program impact and cost-effectiveness of prioritizing specific subpopulations for VMMC services, for example, by client age, HIV-positive status, risk group, and geographical location. The modeling also examines long-term sustainability strategies, such as adolescent and/or early infant male circumcision, to preserve VMMC coverage gains achieved during rapid scale-up. The 2016-2021 UNAIDS strategy target for VMMC is an additional 27 million VMMC in high HIV-prevalence settings by 2020, as part of access to integrated sexual and reproductive health services for men. To achieve further scale-up, a combination of evidence, analysis, and impact estimates can usefully guide strategic planning and funding of VMMC services and related demand-creation strategies in priority countries. Mid-course corrections now can improve cost-effectiveness and scale to achieve the impact needed to help turn the HIV pandemic on its head within 15 years. C1 [Hankins, Catherine] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England. [Hankins, Catherine] Amsterdam Inst Global Hlth & Dev, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Warren, Mitchell] AVAC, New York, NY USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] USAID, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Njeuhmeli, E (reprint author), USAID, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM enjeuhmeli@usaid.gov FU United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); United States Agency for International Development (USAID) [AID-OAA-A-10-00067, AID-OAA-14-00026] FX This manuscript is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the Cooperative Agreement Health Policy Project, Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-10-00067, beginning September 30, 2010, and Cooperative Agreement Project SOAR (Supporting Operational AIDS Research), number AID-OAA-14-00026. The Health Policy Project is implemented by Futures Group, in collaboration with Plan International USA, Avenir Health (formerly Futures Institute), Partners in Population and Development, Africa Regional Office (PPD ARO), Population Reference Bureau (PRB), RTI International, and the White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood (WRA). The funder was involved in study design, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this paper do not necessarily represent the views or positions of PEPFAR, USAID, or the United States Government. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 26 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 10 AR e0160699 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0160699 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE4VE UT WOS:000389602800006 PM 27783613 ER PT J AU Kripke, K Hatzold, K Mugurungi, O Ncube, G Xaba, S Gold, E Ahanda, KS Kruse-Levy, N Njeuhmeli, E AF Kripke, Katharine Hatzold, Karin Mugurungi, Owen Ncube, Gertrude Xaba, Sinokuthemba Gold, Elizabeth Ahanda, Kim Seifert Kruse-Levy, Natalie Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Modeling Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Increased Efforts to Attract Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Clients Ages 20-29 in Zimbabwe SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIV; AFRICA AB Background Zimbabwe aims to increase circumcision coverage to 80% among 13-to 29-year-olds. However, implementation data suggest that high coverage among men ages 20 and older may not be achievable without efforts specifically targeted to these men, incurring additional costs per circumcision. Scale-up scenarios were created based on trends in implementation data in Zimbabwe, and the cost-effectiveness of increasing efforts to recruit clients ages 20-29 was examined. Methods Zimbabwe voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) program data were used to project trends in male circumcision coverage by age into the future. The projection informed a base scenario in which, by 2018, the country achieves 80% circumcision coverage among males ages 10-19 and lower levels of coverage among men above age 20. The Zimbabwe DMPPT 2.0 model was used to project costs and impacts, assuming a US$ 109 VMMC unit cost in the base scenario and a 3% discount rate. Two other scenarios assumed that the program could increase coverage among clients ages 20-29 with a corresponding increase in unit cost for these age groups. Results When circumcision coverage among men ages 20-29 is increased compared with a base scenario reflecting current implementation trends, fewer VMMCs are required to avert one infection. If more than 50% additional effort (reflected as multiplying the unit cost by >1.5) is required to double the increase in coverage among this age group compared with the base scenario, the cost per HIV infection averted is higher than in the base scenario. Conclusions Although increased investment in recruiting VMMC clients ages 20-29 may lead to greater overall impact if recruitment efforts are successful, it may also lead to lower cost-effectiveness, depending on the cost of increasing recruitment. Programs should measure the relationship between increased effort and increased ability to attract this age group. C1 [Kripke, Katharine] Avenir Hlth, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC 20012 USA. [Hatzold, Karin] Populat Serv Int, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Mugurungi, Owen; Ncube, Gertrude; Xaba, Sinokuthemba] Zimbabwe Minist Hlth & Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Gold, Elizabeth] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD USA. [Ahanda, Kim Seifert; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Kruse-Levy, Natalie] USAID, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Kripke, K (reprint author), Avenir Hlth, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC 20012 USA. EM kkripke@avenirhealth.org FU American people through the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); United States Agency for International Development (USAID) [AID-OAA-A-10-00067, AID-OAA-14-00026]; PEPFAR; USAID FX This manuscript is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the Cooperative Agreement Health Policy Project, Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-10-00067, beginning September 30, 2010, and Cooperative Agreement Project SOAR (Supporting Operational AIDS Research), number AID-OAA-14-00026. The Health Policy Project is implemented by Futures Group, in collaboration with Plan International United States of America, Avenir Health (formerly Futures Institute), Partners in Population and Development, Africa Regional Office (PPD ARO), Population Reference Bureau (PRB), RTI International, and the White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood (WRA). The funder was involved in study design, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this paper do not necessarily represent the views or positions of PEPFAR, USAID, or the United States Government.; John Stover of Avenir Health developed the DMPPT 2.0 model at the request of USAID, under the USAID- and PEPFAR-funded Health Policy Project. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care for providing the data for this analysis. We also thank Delivette Castor of USAID for helpful comments in the early draft stages. Thanks also to Melissa Schnure of Project SOAR for assistance with some of the analyses, figure preparation, and overall management of the manuscript preparation process. The authors are also grateful to Deborah McGill as well as the publications staff at the AIDSFree Project for their assistance with copy editing and formatting. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 26 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 10 AR e0164144 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0164144 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE4VE UT WOS:000389602800027 PM 27783637 ER PT J AU Kripke, K Reed, J Hankins, C Smiley, G Laube, C Njeuhmeli, E AF Kripke, Katharine Reed, Jason Hankins, Catherine Smiley, Gregory Laube, Catey Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Impact and Cost of Scaling Up Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in the Context of the New 90-90-90 HIV Treatment Targets SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; VIRAL LOAD; METAANALYSIS; TRANSMISSION AB Background The report of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) for World AIDS Day 2014 highlighted a Fast-Track Strategy that sets ambitious treatment and prevention targets to reduce global HIV incidence to manageable levels by 2020 and end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. The 90-90-90 treatment targets for 2020 call for 90% of people living with HIV to know their HIV status, 90% of people who know their status to receive treatment, and 90% of people on HIV treatment to be virally suppressed. This paper examines how scaleup of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) services in four priority countries in sub-Saharan Africa could contribute to ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 in the context of concerted efforts to close the treatment gap, and what the impact of VMMC scale-up would be if the 90-90-90 treatment targets were not completely met. Methods Using the Goals module of the Spectrum suite of models, this analysis modified ART (antiretroviral treatment) scale-up coverage from base scenarios to reflect the 90-90-90 treatment targets in four countries (Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, and Uganda). In addition, a second scenario was created to reflect viral suppression levels of 75% instead of 90%, and a third scenario was created in which the 90-90-90 treatment targets are reached in women, with men reaching more moderate coverage levels. Regarding male circumcision (MC) coverage, the analysis examined both a scenario in which VMMCs were assumed to stop after 2015, and one in which MC coverage was scaled up to 90% by 2020 and maintained at 90% thereafter. Results Across all four countries, scaling up VMMC is projected to provide further HIV incidence reductions in addition to those achieved by reaching the 90-90-90 treatment targets. If viral suppression levels only reach 75%, scaling up VMMC leads to HIV incidence reduction to nearly the same levels as those achieved with 90-90-90 without VMMC scale-up. If only women reach the 90-90-90 targets, scaling up VMMC brings HIV incidence down to near the levels projected with 90-90-90 without VMMC scale-up. Regarding cost, scaling up VMMC increases the annual costs during the scale-up phase, but leads to lower annual costs after the MC coverage target is achieved. Conclusions The scenarios modeled in this paper show that the highly durable and effective male circumcision intervention increases epidemic impact levels over those of treatment-only strategies, including the case if universal levels of viral suppression in men and women are not achieved by 2020. In the context of 90-90-90, prioritizing continued successful scale-up of VMMC increases the possibility that future generations will be free not only of AIDS but also of HIV. C1 [Kripke, Katharine] Project SOAR Supporting Operat AIDS Res, Avenir Hlth, Washington, DC 20253 USA. [Reed, Jason] Jhpiego, Washington, DC USA. [Hankins, Catherine] Univ Amsterdam, Dept Global Hlth, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Hankins, Catherine] Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam Inst Global Hlth & Dev, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Smiley, Gregory] HIV AIDS Reg Support Team, Joint United Nations Programme, Eastern, South Africa. [Laube, Catey] Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] United States Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Kripke, K (reprint author), Project SOAR Supporting Operat AIDS Res, Avenir Hlth, Washington, DC 20253 USA. EM kkripke@avenirhealth.org FU U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) [AID-OAA-14-00026, AID-OAA-A-14-00046] FX This manuscript is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) under the Cooperative Agreement Project SOAR (Supporting Operational AIDS Research), number AID-OAA-14-00026, and Cooperative Agreement Strengthening High Impact Interventions for an AIDS-free Generation, number AID-OAA-A-14-00046. The information provided does not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, PEPFAR, UNAIDS, or the United States Government, and the contents of this article are the sole responsibility of Projects SOAR and AIDSFree, the Population Council, and the authors. E. Njeuhmeli played a substantial role in study design and manuscript preparation. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 26 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 10 AR e0155734 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0155734 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE4VE UT WOS:000389602800003 PM 27783681 ER PT J AU Tchuenche, M Hate, V McPherson, D Palmer, E Thambinayagam, A Loykissoonlal, D Njeuhmeli, E Forsythe, S AF Tchuenche, Michel Hate, Vibhuti McPherson, Dacia Palmer, Eurica Thambinayagam, Ananthy Loykissoonlal, Dayanund Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Forsythe, Steven TI Estimating Client Out-of-Pocket Costs for Accessing Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in South Africa SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB In 2010, South Africa launched a countrywide effort to scale up its voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) program on the basis of compelling evidence that circumcision reduces men's risk of acquiring HIV through heterosexual intercourse. Even though VMMC is free there, clients can incur indirect out-of-pocket costs (for example transportation cost or foregone income). Because these costs can be barriers to increasing the uptake of VMMC services, we assessed them from a client perspective, to inform VMMC demand creation policies. Costs (calculated using a bottom-up approach) and demographic data were systematically collected through 190 interviews conducted in 2015 with VMMC clients or (for minors) their caregivers at 25 VMMC facilities supported by the government and the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief in eight of South Africa's nine provinces. The average age of VMMC clients was 22 years and nearly 92% were under 35 years of age. The largest reported out-of-pocket expenditure was transportation, at an average of US $ 9.20 (R 100). Only eight clients (4%) reported lost days of work. Indirect expenditures were childcare costs (one client) and miscellaneous items such as food or medicine (20 clients). Given competing household expense priorities, spending US$ 9.20 (R100) per person on transportation to access VMMC services could be a significant burden on clients and households, and a barrier to South Africa's efforts to create demand for VMMC. Thus, we recommend a more focused analysis of clients' transportation costs to access VMMC services. C1 [Tchuenche, Michel; Forsythe, Steven] Avenir Hlth, Supporting Operat AIDS Res, Project SOAR, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. [Hate, Vibhuti] George Washington Univ, Supporting Operat AIDS Res, Project SOAR, Washington, DC USA. [McPherson, Dacia; Palmer, Eurica] Hlth Policy Project, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Thambinayagam, Ananthy] US Agcy Int Dev, Pretoria, South Africa. [Loykissoonlal, Dayanund] Natl Dept Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Njeuhmeli, E (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM enjeuhmeli@usaid.gov FU American people through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) [AID-OAA-14-00026]; USAID; NDOH; PEPFAR FX This manuscript is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) under the Cooperative Agreement Project SOAR (Supporting Operational AIDS Research), number AID-OAA-14-00026. The information provided does not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government, and the contents of this article are the sole responsibility of Projects SOAR, the Population Council, and the authors.; The USAID-supported Health Policy Project (HPP), in collaboration with the South Africa National Department of Health (NDOH), jointly conducted the VMMC client out-of-pocket costing activity in South Africa. The HPP costing team would like to acknowledge support provided by the following: the NDOH, especially Dr. Yogan Pillay, Collen Bonnecwe, and Nqeketo Ayanda; PEPFAR, especially Isaac Choge (USAID/South Africa); and all the provincial NDOH and facility staff who facilitated the data collection exercise. Special thanks to the data collection team senior researchers: Dr. Lahla Ngubeni, Professor Welile Shasha, and Benjamin Makhubele, and researchers: Fulufhelo Maphiri, Zakes Hlatshwayo, and Theron Dladla. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 26 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 10 AR e0164147 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0164147 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE4VE UT WOS:000389602800028 PM 27783635 ER PT J AU Tchuenche, M Palmer, E Hate, V Thambinayagam, A Loykissoonlal, D Njeuhmeli, E Forsythe, S AF Tchuenche, Michel Palmer, Eurica Hate, Vibhuti Thambinayagam, Ananthy Loykissoonlal, Dayanund Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Forsythe, Steven TI The Cost of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in South Africa SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HIV PREVENTION; RISK; TRANSMISSION; METAANALYSIS; ACQUISITION; MEN AB Given compelling evidence associating voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) with men's reduced HIV acquisition through heterosexual intercourse, South Africa in 2010 began scaling up VMMC. To project the resources needed to complete 4.3 million circumcisions between 2010 and 2016, we (1) estimated the unit cost to provide VMMC; (2) assessed cost drivers and cost variances across eight provinces and VMMC service delivery modes; and (3) evaluated the costs associated with mobilize and motivate men and boys to access VMMC services. Cost data were systematically collected and analyzed using a provider's perspective from 33 Government and PEPFAR-supported (U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief) urban, rural, and peri-urban VMMC facilities. The cost per circumcision performed in 2014 was US$132 (R1,431): higher in public hospitals (US$158 [R1,710]) than in health centers and clinics (US$121 [R1,309]). There was no substantial difference between the cost at fixed circumcision sites and fixed sites that also offer outreach services. Direct labor costs could be reduced by 17% with task shifting from doctors to professional nurses; this could have saved as much as $15 million (R163.20 million) in 2015, when the goal was 1.6 million circumcisions. About $14.2 million (R154 million) was spent on medical male circumcision demand creation in South Africa in 2014-D primarily on personnel, including community mobilizers (36%), and on small and mass media promotions (35%). Calculating the unit cost of VMMC demand creation was daunting, because data on the denominator (number of people reached with demand creation messages or number of people seeking VMMC as a result of demand creation) were not available. Because there are no "dose-response" data on demand creation ($X in demand creation will result in an additional Z% increase in VMMC clients), research is needed to determine the appropriate amount and allocation of demand creation resources. C1 [Tchuenche, Michel; Forsythe, Steven] Project SOAR Supporting Operat AIDS Res, Avenir Hlth, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC 20253 USA. [Palmer, Eurica] Palladium Consultant, Hlth Policy Project, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Hate, Vibhuti] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Thambinayagam, Ananthy; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] USAID, Pretoria, South Africa. [Loykissoonlal, Dayanund] Natl Dept Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] USAID, Washington, DE USA. RP Tchuenche, M (reprint author), Project SOAR Supporting Operat AIDS Res, Avenir Hlth, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC 20253 USA. EM JMTchuenche@avenirhealth.org FU U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); United States Agency for International Development (USAID) [AID-OAA-A-10-00067, AID-OAA-14-00026, AID-OAA-A-14-00046]; PEPFAR; National Department of Health; Alfred Bere (CDC/South Africa) FX This manuscript is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the U.S. Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the Cooperative Agreement Health Policy Project, Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-10-00067, beginning September 30, 2010, Cooperative Agreement Project SOAR (Supporting Operational AIDS Research), number AID-OAA-14-00026, and Cooperative Agreement Strengthening High Impact Interventions for an AIDS-free Generation, number AID-OAA-A-14-00046. The Health Policy Project is implemented by Futures Group, in collaboration with Plan International United States of America, Avenir Health (formerly Futures Institute), Partners in Population and Development, Africa Regional Office (PPD ARO), Population Reference Bureau (PRB), RTI International, and the White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood (WRA). The funder was involved in study design, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this paper do not necessarily represent the views or positions of PEPFAR, USAID, the South African National Department of Health, or the United States Government.; The Health Policy Project (HPP), in collaboration with the National Department of Health (NDOH), jointly conducted the VMMC costing activity of the PEPFAR-supported sites in South Africa. The HPP costing team would like to acknowledge the support provided by the following: the National Department of Health, especially Dr. Yogan Pillay, Collen Bonnecwe, and Nqeketo Ayanda; PEPFAR, especially Isaac Choge (USAID/South Africa) and Alfred Bere (CDC/South Africa); and all the provincial Department of Health and facility staff who helped collect data. Additional thanks go to Katharine Kripke (HPP/Avenir Health) and Melissa Schnure (HPP/Palladium) for their support and assistance in completing this study. Special thanks also go to the stakeholder engagement and data collection team of senior researchers Dr. Lahla Ngubeni, Professor Welile Shasha, and Benjamin Makhubele and researchers, Fulufhelo Maphiri, Zakes Hlatshwayo, and Theron Dladla. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 26 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 10 AR e0160207 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0160207 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE4VE UT WOS:000389602800005 PM 27783612 ER PT J AU Sedegah, M Peters, B Hollingdale, MR Ganeshan, HD Huang, J Farooq, F Belmonte, MN Belmonte, AD Limbach, KJ Diggs, C Soisson, L Chuang, I Villasante, ED AF Sedegah, Martha Peters, Bjoern Hollingdale, Michael R. Ganeshan, Harini D. Huang, Jun Farooq, Fouzia Belmonte, Maria N. Belmonte, Arnel D. Limbach, Keith J. Diggs, Carter Soisson, Lorraine Chuang, Ilin Villasante, Eileen D. TI Vaccine Strain-Specificity of Protective HLA-Restricted Class 1 P. falciparum Epitopes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ALTERED PEPTIDE LIGANDS; CLASS-I SUPERTYPES; T-CELL EPITOPES; MALARIA VACCINE; RECEPTOR; PROTEIN; IMMUNIZATION; ANTAGONISM; BINDING; ESCAPE AB A DNA prime/adenovirus boost malaria vaccine encoding Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 CSP and AMA1 elicited sterile clinical protection associated with CD8+ T cell interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) cells responses directed to HLA class 1-restricted AMA1 epitopes of the vaccine strain 3D7. Since a highly effective malaria vaccine must be broadly protective against multiple P. falciparum strains, we compared these AMA1 epitopes of two P. falciparum strains (7G8 and 3D7), which differ by single amino acid substitutions, in their ability to recall CD8+ T cell activities using ELISpot and flow cytometry/intracellular staining assays. The 7G8 variant peptides did not recall 3D7 vaccine-induced CD8+ T IFN-gamma cell responses in these assays, suggesting that protection may be limited to the vaccine strain. The predicted MHC binding affinities of the 7G8 variant epitopes were similar to the 3D7 epitopes, suggesting that the amino acid substitutions of the 7G8 variants may have interfered with TCR recognition of the MHC: peptide complex or that the 7G8 variant may have acted as an altered peptide ligand. These results stress the importance of functional assays in defining protective epitopes. C1 [Sedegah, Martha; Hollingdale, Michael R.; Ganeshan, Harini D.; Huang, Jun; Farooq, Fouzia; Belmonte, Maria N.; Belmonte, Arnel D.; Limbach, Keith J.; Chuang, Ilin; Villasante, Eileen D.] Naval Med Res Ctr, Malaria Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Peters, Bjoern] La Jolla Inst Allergy & Immunol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hollingdale, Michael R.; Ganeshan, Harini D.; Huang, Jun; Farooq, Fouzia; Belmonte, Maria N.; Belmonte, Arnel D.; Limbach, Keith J.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD 20817 USA. [Diggs, Carter; Soisson, Lorraine] USAID, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Hollingdale, MR (reprint author), Naval Med Res Ctr, Malaria Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.; Hollingdale, MR (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD 20817 USA. EM Michael.r.hollingdale.ctr@mail.mil FU United States Agency for International Development [GHA-P-00-03-00006-01, 936-3118]; Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program [W81XWH-05-2-0041]; Military Infectious Research Program [62787A 870 F 1432] FX This study was supported by the United States Agency for International Development "Development of Adenovirus-Vectored Malaria Vaccines" interagency agreement # GHA-P-00-03-00006-01, project number 936-3118, www.usaid.gov, recipient EV; Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program (https//cdmrp.org) "Development of Recombinant Adenoviral-based Vaccines against Malaria", grant # W81XWH-05-2-0041, recipient EV; Military Infectious Research Program "Phase 1/2a clinical trials assessing the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity & protective efficacy of Ad5-CA, a two-antigen, adenovirus-vectored Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine, in healthy, malaria-naive adults", work unit number 62787A 870 F 1432, https://midrp.amedd.army.mil, recipient EV. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 3 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 10 AR e0163026 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0163026 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ0TR UT WOS:000385553100020 PM 27695088 ER PT J AU O'Hara, EG Nuche-Berenguer, B Kirui, NK Cheng, SY Chege, PM Buckwalter, V Laktabai, J Pastakia, SD AF O'Hara, Elizabeth G. Nuche-Berenguer, Bernardo Kirui, Nicholas K. Cheng, Stephanie Y. Chege, Patrick M. Buckwalter, Victor Laktabai, Jeremiah Pastakia, Sonak Dinesh TI Diabetes in rural Africa: what can Kenya show us? SO LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID WESTERN KENYA; CARE C1 [O'Hara, Elizabeth G.; Kirui, Nicholas K.; Laktabai, Jeremiah; Pastakia, Sonak Dinesh] Moi Univ, USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA, Moi Teaching & Referral, Sch Med, Eldoret 30100, Kenya. [O'Hara, Elizabeth G.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nuche-Berenguer, Bernardo] NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Cheng, Stephanie Y.; Pastakia, Sonak Dinesh] Purdue Univ, Coll Pharm, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Chege, Patrick M.; Buckwalter, Victor; Pastakia, Sonak Dinesh] Webuye Dist Hosp, Webuye, Kenya. [Chege, Patrick M.; Laktabai, Jeremiah; Pastakia, Sonak Dinesh] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Eldoret, Kenya. RP Pastakia, SD (reprint author), Moi Univ, USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA, Moi Teaching & Referral, Sch Med, Eldoret 30100, Kenya.; Pastakia, SD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Coll Pharm, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.; Pastakia, SD (reprint author), Webuye Dist Hosp, Webuye, Kenya.; Pastakia, SD (reprint author), Moi Univ, Sch Med, Eldoret, Kenya. EM spastaki@gmail.com FU Abbott; President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through the US Agency for International Development [AID-623-A-12-0001]; National Institutes of Health [UL1 TR001108]; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; Clinical and Translational Sciences Award; Abbott Fund; Afya Bora Consortium Fellowship; Eli Lilly FX SDP reports grants and personal fees from Abbott, unrelated to this work. All other authors declare no competing interests. This research was supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through the US Agency for International Development under the terms of Cooperative Agreement No. AID-623-A-12-0001. The contents of this Comment are the sole responsibility of Webuye District Hospital and AMPATH and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the US Government. This publication was also made possible by the Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, funded in part by grant number UL1 TR001108 from the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Clinical and Translational Sciences Award. We thank Abbott for providing glucose testing supplies and the Abbott Fund for providing financial support for this work. We also thank Eli Lilly and Company for donating insulin and providing seed funding to support the authors' overarching work in diabetes. We thank the department of Family Medicine and the Mennonite Central Committee, who provided a grant to the clinic and were an integral part in making these data available, and the Afya Bora Consortium Fellowship. We received research and ethics approval from the local Moi University Institutional Review and Ethics Committee and from the US institutions involved. We only analysed the de-identified data from our database for this Comment and had a waiver of informed consent for this retrospective review. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2213-8587 J9 LANCET DIABETES ENDO JI Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 4 IS 10 BP 807 EP 809 DI 10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30086-9 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA EJ2FI UT WOS:000393025100008 PM 27344101 ER PT J AU Lyatuu, MB Mkumbwa, T Stevenson, R Isidro, M Modaha, F Katcher, H Dhillon, CN AF Lyatuu, Margaret Benjamin Mkumbwa, Temina Stevenson, Raz Isidro, Marissa Modaha, Francis Katcher, Heather Dhillon, Christina Nyhus TI Planning and Budgeting for Nutrition Programs in Tanzania: Lessons Learned From the National Vitamin A Supplementation Program SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Budget; Planning; Nutrition; Tanzania; Vitamin A Supplementation and Deworming (VASD) AB Background: Micronutrient deficiency in Tanzania is a significant public health problem, with vitamin A deficiency (VAD) affecting 34% of children aged 6 to 59 months. Since 2007, development partners have worked closely to advocate for the inclusion of twice-yearly vitamin A supplementation and deworming (VASD) activities with budgets at the subnational level, where funding and implementation occur. As part of the advocacy work, a VASD planning and budgeting tool (PBT) was developed and is used by district officials to justify allocation of funds. Helen Keller International (HKI) and the Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre (TFNC) conduct reviews of VASD funds and health budgets annually in all districts to monitor the impact of advocacy efforts. This paper presents the findings of the fiscal year (FY) 2010 district budget annual review. The review was intended to answer the following questions regarding district-level funding: (1) how many funds were allocated to nutrition-specific activities in FY 2010? (2) how many funds were allocated specifically to twice-yearly VASD activities in FY 2010? and (3) how have VASD funding allocations changed over time? Methods: Budgets from all 133 districts in Tanzania were accessed, reviewed and documented to identify line item funds allocated for VASD and other nutrition activities in FY 2010. Retrospective data from prior annual reviews for VASD were used to track trends in funding. The data were collected using specific data forms and then transcribed into an excel spreadsheet for analysis. Results: The total funds allocated in Tanzania's districts in FY 2010 amounted to US$1.4 million of which 92% were for VASD. Allocations for VASD increased from US$0.387 million to US$1.3 million between FY 2005 and FY 2010. Twelve different nutrition activities were identified in budgets across the 133 districts. Despite the increased trend, the percentage of districts allocating sufficient funds to implement VAS (as defined by cost per child) was just 21%. Discussion: District-driven VAS funding in Tanzania continues to be allocated by districts consistently, although adequacy of funding is a concern. However, regular administrative data point to fairly high and consistent coverage rates for VAS across the country (over 80% over the last 10 years). Although this analysis may have omitted some nutrition-specific funding not identified in district budget data, it represents a reliable reflection of the nutrition funding landscape in FY 2010. For this year, total district nutrition allocations add up to only 2% of the amount needed to implement nutrition services at scale according to Tanzania's National Nutrition Strategy Implementation Plan. Conclusion: VASD advocacy and planning support at the district level has succeeded in ensuring district allocations for the program. To promote sustainable implementation of other nutrition interventions in Tanzania, more funds must be allocated and guidance must be accompanied by tools that enable planning and budgeting at the district level. C1 [Lyatuu, Margaret Benjamin; Mkumbwa, Temina; Isidro, Marissa; Katcher, Heather; Dhillon, Christina Nyhus] Helen Keller Int, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Stevenson, Raz] USAID, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Modaha, Francis] Tanzania Food & Nutr Ctr, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Lyatuu, MB (reprint author), Helen Keller Int, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. EM margaretbenjamin8222@gmail.com OI IJHPM, IJHPM/0000-0002-4107-8686 FU Ministry of Health; Prime Minister's Office-Regional Administrative and Local Government FX The authors would like to thank Wessy Meghi and Eunice Rwiza for their work during data compilation. We also appreciate the support of the Ministry of Health staff and the Prime Minister's Office-Regional Administrative and Local Government where the council plans and budget were obtained and reviewed. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KERMAN UNIV MEDICAL SCIENCES PI KERMAN PA JAHAD BLVD, KERMAN, 7619813159, IRAN SN 2322-5939 J9 INT J HEALTH POLICY JI Int. J. Health Policy Manag. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 5 IS 10 BP 583 EP 588 DI 10.15171/ijhpm.2016.46 PG 6 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA EG5VZ UT WOS:000391114200003 PM 27694649 ER PT J AU Carrasco, M Wilkinson, J AF Carrasco, Maria Wilkinson, Jessica TI SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS TO VOLUNTARY MALE MEDICAL CIRCUMCISION (VMMC) UPTAKE IN PRIORITY COUNTRIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR A WAY FORWARD SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Prevention Conference CY SEP 20-23, 2016 CL Atlanta, GA C1 [Carrasco, Maria] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Rockville, MD USA. [Wilkinson, Jessica] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM mcarras5@jhu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0148-5717 EI 1537-4521 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 43 SU 2 MA WP 15 BP S158 EP S159 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EG0BO UT WOS:000390695900123 ER PT J AU Agot, K Muthumbi, G Kimani, J Gichangi, P Musyoki, H Onyango, J Mando, R Odonde, P Owino, C Mukiri, E Kioo, C Ohaga, S Adagi, L Odek, J AF Agot, Kawango Muthumbi, Grace Kimani, Joshua Gichangi, Peter Musyoki, Helgar Onyango, Jacob Mando, Raphael Odonde, Petronilla Owino, Caleb Mukiri, Elossy Kioo, Caroline Ohaga, Spala Adagi, Lucy Odek, James TI Potential Benefits and Risks of HIV Self-testing Access by Female Sex Workers: Views of Service Providers, Outreach Workers and Sex Workers in Kenya SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on HIV Research for Prevention (HIV R4P) CY OCT 17-20, 2016 CL Chicago, IL C1 [Agot, Kawango; Onyango, Jacob; Mando, Raphael; Odonde, Petronilla; Ohaga, Spala] Impact Res & Dev Org, Kisumu, Kenya. [Muthumbi, Grace; Owino, Caleb; Adagi, Lucy] Int Med Corps, Migori, Kenya. [Kimani, Joshua; Mukiri, Elossy] Univ Manitoba, Univ Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. [Gichangi, Peter; Kioo, Caroline] Int Ctr Reprod Hlth, Mombasa, Kenya. [Musyoki, Helgar] Minist Hlth, Natl AIDS & STD Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. [Odek, James] US Agcy Int Dev, Nairobi, Kenya. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 EI 1931-8405 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 32 SU 1 MA P02.30LB BP 164 EP 164 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA EA6YH UT WOS:000386774600293 ER PT J AU Thurman, A Caplena, D Clark, M Schwartz, J Littlefield, S Harris, E Lin, A Hum, J Kim, A Yungster, Y Kim, L Wolos, G Lauren-Milne, T Boesch, H Doncel, GF AF Thurman, Andrea Caplena, Denise Clark, Meredith Schwartz, Jill Littlefield, Sarah Harris, Emily Lin, Amy Hum, Janine Kim, Ann Yungster, Yael Kim, Lauren Wolos, Greg Lauren-Milne, Tracey Boesch, Heather Doncel, Gustavo F. TI Inspiring Demand: Leveraging Human Centered Design to Improve Microbicide Uptake and Adherence SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on HIV Research for Prevention (HIV R4P) CY OCT 17-20, 2016 CL Chicago, IL C1 [Thurman, Andrea; Caplena, Denise; Clark, Meredith; Schwartz, Jill; Littlefield, Sarah; Doncel, Gustavo F.] CONRAD Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA USA. [Harris, Emily; Lin, Amy; Hum, Janine] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Kim, Ann; Yungster, Yael; Kim, Lauren; Wolos, Greg; Lauren-Milne, Tracey; Boesch, Heather] IDEO, Palo Alto, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 EI 1931-8405 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 32 SU 1 MA P04.03 BP 174 EP 174 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA EA6YH UT WOS:000386774600312 ER PT J AU Casalini, C Lennemann, T Boyee, D Tluway, E Schueller, J Mahler, H AF Casalini, Caterina Lennemann, Tessa Boyee, Dorica Tluway, Emmanuel Schueller, Jane Mahler, Hally TI Community-based HIV Testing Services in Tanzania Double the Uptake of Family Planning among Adolescent Girls/Young Women and Female Sex Workers SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on HIV Research for Prevention (HIV R4P) CY OCT 17-20, 2016 CL Chicago, IL C1 [Casalini, Caterina; Lennemann, Tessa; Boyee, Dorica; Mahler, Hally] Jhpiego, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Tluway, Emmanuel] EngenderHealth, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Schueller, Jane] USAID Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 EI 1931-8405 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 32 SU 1 MA P05.05 BP 190 EP 190 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA EA6YH UT WOS:000386774600344 ER PT J AU Exavery, A Boyee, D Lennemann, T Casalini, C Komba, A Mlawa, Y Mlanga, E AF Exavery, Amon Boyee, Dorica Lennemann, Tessa Casalini, Caterina Komba, Albert Mlawa, Yeronimo Mlanga, Erick TI Relationship Between Living Arrangements and HIV Risk among Key and Vulnerable Populations and the General Population in Tanzania SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on HIV Research for Prevention (HIV R4P) CY OCT 17-20, 2016 CL Chicago, IL C1 [Exavery, Amon; Boyee, Dorica; Lennemann, Tessa; Casalini, Caterina; Komba, Albert] Jhpiego Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Mlawa, Yeronimo] EngenderHealth, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Mlanga, Erick] USAID Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 EI 1931-8405 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 32 SU 1 MA P09.01 BP 241 EP 241 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA EA6YH UT WOS:000386774600443 ER PT J AU Rafferty, H Ngoi, C Wahome, E Oduor, C van der Elst, EM Berger, R Rowland-Jones, S Graham, SM Sanders, EJ AF Rafferty, Hannah Ngoi, Caroline Wahome, Elizabeth Oduor, Clifford van der Elst, Elise M. Berger, Rene Rowland-Jones, Sarah Graham, Susan M. Sanders, Eduard J. TI Assessing Training Needs of Clinical Officers to Target Acute HIV Infection Evaluation of Adult Patients Seeking Urgent Healthcare in Kenya SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on HIV Research for Prevention (HIV R4P) CY OCT 17-20, 2016 CL Chicago, IL C1 [Rafferty, Hannah; Rowland-Jones, Sarah] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. [Ngoi, Caroline; Wahome, Elizabeth; Oduor, Clifford; van der Elst, Elise M.; Sanders, Eduard J.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. [Berger, Rene] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Graham, Susan M.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth & Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 EI 1931-8405 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 32 SU 1 MA P09.10 BP 245 EP 245 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA EA6YH UT WOS:000386774600452 ER PT J AU Lemoine, JF Desormeaux, AM Monestime, F Fayette, CR Desir, L Direny, AN Carciunoiu, S Miller, L Knipes, A Lammie, P Smith, P Stockton, M Trofimovich, L Bhandari, K Reithinger, R Crowley, K Ottesen, E Baker, M AF Lemoine, Jean Frantz Desormeaux, Anne Marie Monestime, Franck Fayette, Carl Renad Desir, Luccene Direny, Abdel Nasser Carciunoiu, Sarah Miller, Lior Knipes, Alaine Lammie, Patrick Smith, Penelope Stockton, Melissa Trofimovich, Lily Bhandari, Kalpana Reithinger, Richard Crowley, Kathryn Ottesen, Eric Baker, Margaret TI Controlling Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) in Haiti: Implementation Strategies and Evidence of Their Success SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; LYMPHEDEMA MANAGEMENT; ELIMINATION; PROGRAM; LEOGANE; INDIA; TRANSMISSION; DISTRICT; CAMPAIGN AB Lymphatic filariasis (LF) and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) have been targeted since 2000 in Haiti, with a strong mass drug administration (MDA) program led by the Ministry of Public Health and Population and its collaborating international partners. By 2012, Haiti's neglected tropical disease (NTD) program had reached full national scale, and with such consistently good epidemiological coverage that it is now able to stop treatment for LF throughout almost all of the country. Essential to this success have been in the detail of how MDAs were implemented. These key programmatic elements included ensuring strong community awareness through an evidence-based, multi-channel communication and education campaign facilitated by voluntary drug distributors; strengthening community trust of the drug distributors by ensuring that respected community members were recruited and received appropriate training, supervision, identification, and motivation; enforcing a "directly observed treatment" strategy; providing easy access to treatment though numerous distribution posts and a strong drug supply chain; and ensuring quality data collection that was used to guide and inform MDA strategies. The evidence that these strategies were effective lies in both the high treatment coverage obtained- 100% geographical coverage reached in 2012, with almost all districts consistently achieving well above the epidemiological coverage targets of 65% for LF and 75% for STH-and the significant reduction in burden of infection-45 communes having reached the target threshold for stopping treatment for LF. By taking advantage of sustained international financial and technical support, especially during the past eight years, Haiti's very successful MDA campaign resulted in steady progress toward LF elimination and development of a strong foundation for ongoing STH control. These efforts, as described, have not only helped establish the global portfolio of "best practices" for NTD control but also are poised to help solve two of the most important future NTD challenges-how to maintain control of STH infections after the community-based LF "treatment platform" ceases and how to ensure appropriate morbidity management for patients currently suffering from lymphatic filarial disease. C1 [Lemoine, Jean Frantz; Desormeaux, Anne Marie] Minist Publ Hlth & Populat, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Monestime, Franck; Fayette, Carl Renad] IMA World Hlth, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Desir, Luccene] Hop St Croix, Leogane, Haiti. [Desir, Luccene] Univ Notre Dame, Leogane, Haiti. [Direny, Abdel Nasser; Stockton, Melissa; Bhandari, Kalpana; Reithinger, Richard; Crowley, Kathryn; Ottesen, Eric; Baker, Margaret] RTI Int, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Carciunoiu, Sarah; Miller, Lior] IMA World Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Knipes, Alaine; Lammie, Patrick] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Smith, Penelope] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Trofimovich, Lily] RTI Int Consultancy, Washington, DC USA. RP Direny, AN (reprint author), RTI Int, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM adireny@rti.org FU United States Agency for International Development [AID-OAA-A-11-00048]; National NTD Control Program; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This study was led by RTI International as part of the ENVISION project, a global project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (www.neglecteddiseases.gov) under cooperative agreement No. AID-OAA-A-11-00048. The ENVISION project provides technical and financial assistance in support of the National NTD Control Program and in partnerships with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The funder had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The author's views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 10 IS 10 AR e0004954 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004954 PG 20 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA EA5QH UT WOS:000386676200006 PM 27706162 ER PT J AU Callaghan-Koru, JA McMahon, SA Chebet, JJ Kilewo, C Frumence, G Gupta, S Stevenson, R Lipingu, C Baqui, AH Winch, PJ AF Callaghan-Koru, Jennifer A. McMahon, Shannon A. Chebet, Joy J. Kilewo, Charles Frumence, Gasto Gupta, Shivam Stevenson, Raz Lipingu, Chrisostom Baqui, Abdullah H. Winch, Peter J. TI A qualitative exploration of health workers' and clients' perceptions of barriers to completing four antenatal care visits in Morogoro Region, Tanzania SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Maternal health; antenatal care; health services ID LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; RURAL TANZANIA; NORTHERN TANZANIA; MALE INVOLVEMENT; CHILD HEALTH; SERVICES; WOMEN; DETERMINANTS; EXPERIENCES AB Antenatal care (ANC) remains an important contact point on the continuum of care for mothers and children in low- and middle-income countries. In Tanzania, the proportion of pregnant women completing at least four ANC visits (ANC-4) dropped from 70% to 43% between 1999 and 2010. To identify potential causes of the decline in the number of ANC visits, we conducted qualitative research at 18 health centres in Morogoro Region, exploring providers' communication about ANC visits and clients' and providers' perceptions of changes in ANC services and barriers to completing four visits. We also observed counselling messages delivered during 203 ANC consultations. Our results indicate that provider communication about ANC visit recommendations is inadequate, and confusion exists among clients about when and how often they should attend. Participants highlighted how the scale up of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission, with routine human immunodeficiency virus testing for women and their male partners, presents additional barriers for some women. Changes to the timing and content of ANC services following the adoption of the Focused ANC model was described by participants as changing women's perceptions and decisions in how they utilize ANC services. In particular, condensed delivery of technical interventions fostered a sense among clients that multiple visits are unnecessary. Other barriers that may contribute to declining ANC-4 include changing norms about family planning and birth spacing, out-of-pocket costs for clients and informal practices adopted by health facilities and providers such as turning women away who attend early in pregnancy or are not accompanied by male partners. Further research is needed to determine the role and extent that these barriers may be contributing to declining ANC-4. Issues of poor communication, supply inadequacies and informal practices, deserve immediate attention from the health system. C1 [Callaghan-Koru, Jennifer A.; McMahon, Shannon A.; Chebet, Joy J.; Gupta, Shivam; Baqui, Abdullah H.; Winch, Peter J.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kilewo, Charles; Frumence, Gasto] Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Sch Publ Hlth & Social Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Stevenson, Raz] US Agcy Int Dev, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Lipingu, Chrisostom] Jhpiego Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Callaghan-Koru, JA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM jcallag1@jhu.edu NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1080 EI 1460-2237 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1039 EP 1049 DI 10.1093/heapol/czw034 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA DZ7SJ UT WOS:000386066400010 PM 27117481 ER PT J AU Festin, MPR Kiarie, J Solo, J Spieler, J Malarcher, S Van Look, PFA Temmerman, M AF Festin, Mario Philip R. Kiarie, James Solo, Julie Spieler, Jeffrey Malarcher, Shawn Van Look, Paul F. A. Temmerman, Marleen TI Moving towards the goals of FP2020-classifying contraceptives SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article ID EFFICACY AB With the renewed focus on family planning, a clear and transparent understanding is needed for the consistent classification of contraceptives, especially in the commonly used modern/traditional system. The World Health Organization Department of Reproductive Health and Research and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) therefore convened a technical consultation in January 2015 to address issues related to classifying contraceptives. The consultation defined modern contraceptive methods as having a sound basis in reproductive biology, a precise protocol for correct use and evidence of efficacy under various conditions based on appropriately designed studies. Methods in country programs like Fertility Awareness Based Methods [such as Standard Days Method (SDM) and TwoDay Method], Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) and emergency contraception should be reported as modern. Herbs, charms and vaginal douching are not counted as contraceptive methods as they have no scientific basis in preventing pregnancy nor are in country programs. More research is needed on defining and measuring use of emergency contraceptive methods, to reflect their contribution to reducing unmet need. The ideal contraceptive classification system should be simple, easy to use, clear and consistent, with greater parsimony. Measurement challenges remain but should not be the driving force to determine what methods are counted or reported as modern or not. Family planning programs should consider multiple attributes of contraceptive methods (e.g., level of effectiveness, need for program support, duration of labeled use, hormonal or nonhormonal) to ensure they provide a variety of methods to meet the needs of women and men. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Festin, Mario Philip R.; Kiarie, James; Temmerman, Marleen] WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, UNDP UNFPA UNICEF WHO World Bank Special Programm, Geneva, Switzerland. [Malarcher, Shawn] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Festin, MPR (reprint author), WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, UNDP UNFPA UNICEF WHO World Bank Special Programm, Geneva, Switzerland. EM festinma@who.int; Kiariej@who.int; juliesolo08@gmail.com; jmspieler@gmail.com; smalarcher@usaid.gov; vanlookp@bluewin.ch; temmermanm@who.int FU World Health Organization [001] NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD OCT PY 2016 VL 94 IS 4 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.05.015 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA DX0DW UT WOS:000384033000001 PM 27287693 ER PT J AU Woldemariam, E Tadeg, H Ejigu, E Gerba, H Thumm, M Malpica-Lla, T AF Woldemariam, E. Tadeg, H. Ejigu, E. Gerba, H. Thumm, M. Malpica-Lla, T. TI Use of Routinely Collected Pharmacovigilance Data in Detecting Product Quality Problems: The Ethiopia SO DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th ISoP Annual Meeting on Pharmacovigilance for Safer Tomorrow CY OCT 16-19, 2016 CL Agra, INDIA SP ISoP C1 [Woldemariam, E.; Tadeg, H.; Ejigu, E.; Gerba, H.; Thumm, M.; Malpica-Lla, T.] USAID, Syst Improved Access Pharmaceut & Serv SIAPS Prog, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADIS INT LTD PI NORTHCOTE PA 5 THE WAREHOUSE WAY, NORTHCOTE 0627, AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND SN 0114-5916 EI 1179-1942 J9 DRUG SAFETY JI Drug Saf. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 39 IS 10 MA P038 BP 1009 EP 1009 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA DV8UF UT WOS:000383211500047 ER PT J AU Zignol, M Dean, AS Alikhanova, N Andres, S Cabibbe, AM Cirillo, DM Dadu, A Dreyer, A Driesen, M Gilpin, C Hasan, R Hasan, Z Hoffner, S Husain, A Hussain, A Ismail, N Kamal, M Mansjo, M Mvusi, L Niemann, S Omar, SV Qadeer, E Rigouts, L Ruesch-Gerdes, S Schito, M Seyfaddinova, M Skrahina, A Tahseen, S Wells, WA Mukadi, YD Kimerling, M Floyd, K Weyer, K Raviglione, MC AF Zignol, Matteo Dean, Anna S. Alikhanova, Natavan Andres, Sonke Cabibbe, Andrea Maurizio Cirillo, Daniela Maria Dadu, Andrei Dreyer, Andries Driesen, Michele Gilpin, Christopher Hasan, Rumina Hasan, Zahra Hoffner, Sven Husain, Ashaque Hussain, Alamdar Ismail, Nazir Kamal, Mostofa Mansjo, Mikael Mvusi, Lindiwe Niemann, Stefan Omar, Shaheed V. Qadeer, Ejaz Rigouts, Leen Ruesch-Gerdes, Sabine Schito, Marco Seyfaddinova, Mehriban Skrahina, Alena Tahseen, Sabira Wells, William A. Mukadi, Ya Diul Kimerling, Michael Floyd, Katherine Weyer, Karin Raviglione, Mario C. TI Population-based resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates to pyrazinamide and fluoroquinolones: results from a multicountry surveillance project SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUG-RESISTANCE; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; MOXIFLOXACIN; REGIMEN; GATIFLOXACIN; COMBINATION; BREAKPOINT; MUTATIONS; PA-824; MGIT AB Background Pyrazinamide and fluoroquinolones are essential antituberculosis drugs in new rifampicin-sparing regimens. However, little information about the extent of resistance to these drugs at the population level is available. Methods In a molecular epidemiology analysis, we used population-based surveys from Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Pakistan, and South Africa to investigate resistance to pyrazinamide and fluoroquinolones among patients with tuberculosis. Resistance to pyrazinamide was assessed by gene sequencing with the detection of resistance-conferring mutations in the pncA gene, and susceptibility testing to fluoroquinolones was conducted using the MGIT system. Findings Pyrazinamide resistance was assessed in 4972 patients. Levels of resistance varied substantially in the surveyed settings (3.0-42.1%). In all settings, pyrazinamide resistance was significantly associated with rifampicin resistance. Among 5015 patients who underwent susceptibility testing to fluoroquinolones, proportions of resistance ranged from 1.0-16.6% for ofloxacin, to 0.5-12.4% for levofloxacin, and 0.9-14.6% for moxifloxacin when tested at 0.5 mu g/mL. High levels of ofloxacin resistance were detected in Pakistan. Resistance to moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin when tested at 2 mu g/mL was low in all countries. Interpretation Although pyrazinamide resistance was significantly associated with rifampicin resistance, this drug may still be effective in 19-63% of patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. Even though the high level of resistance to ofloxacin found in Pakistan is worrisome because it might be the expression of extensive and unregulated use of fluoroquinolones in some parts of Asia, the negligible levels of resistance to fourth-generation fluoroquinolones documented in all survey sites is an encouraging finding. Rational use of this class of antibiotics should therefore be ensured to preserve its effectiveness. C1 [Zignol, Matteo; Dean, Anna S.; Gilpin, Christopher; Floyd, Katherine; Weyer, Karin; Raviglione, Mario C.] World Hlth Org, Global TB Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. [Alikhanova, Natavan; Seyfaddinova, Mehriban] Sci Res Inst Lung Dis, Baku, Azerbaijan. [Andres, Sonke; Niemann, Stefan; Ruesch-Gerdes, Sabine] Natl & Supranat Reference Lab Mycobacterium, Borstel, Germany. [Cabibbe, Andrea Maurizio; Cirillo, Daniela Maria] IRCCS San Raffaele Sci Inst, Milan, Italy. [Dadu, Andrei] World Hlth Org, Reg Off Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Dreyer, Andries; Ismail, Nazir; Omar, Shaheed V.] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Driesen, Michele; Rigouts, Leen] Inst Trop Med, Mycobacteriol Unit, Antwerp, Belgium. [Hasan, Rumina; Hasan, Zahra] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Karachi, Pakistan. [Hoffner, Sven] Publ Hlth Agcy Sweden, Dept Microbiol, Solna, Sweden. [Hoffner, Sven] Karolinska Inst, Dept Microbiol Tumor & Cell Biol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Husain, Ashaque] Natl TB Control Programme, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Hussain, Alamdar; Tahseen, Sabira] Natl TB Control Programme, Natl TB Reference Lab, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Ismail, Nazir] Univ Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. [Kamal, Mostofa] Chest & Hosp, Natl Inst Dis, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Mansjo, Mikael] Publ Hlth Agcy Sweden, Dept Microbiol, Solna, Sweden. [Mvusi, Lindiwe] Natl Dept Hlth, TB Control & Management, Pretoria, South Africa. [Qadeer, Ejaz] Minist Natl Hlth Serv, Regulat & Coordinat, Natl TB Control Programme, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Rigouts, Leen] Univ Antwerp, Biomed Sci, Antwerp, Belgium. [Schito, Marco] Crit Path Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Skrahina, Alena] Republ Res & Pract Ctr Pulmonol & TB, Minsk, Byelarus. [Wells, William A.; Mukadi, Ya Diul] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Kimerling, Michael] KNCV TB Fdn, The Hague, Netherlands. RP Zignol, M (reprint author), World Hlth Org, Global TB Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. EM zignolm@who.int RI Niemann, Stefan/C-9327-2011; OI Cabibbe, Andrea Maurizio/0000-0001-9727-6465 FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; United States Agency for International Development; Global Alliance for Tuberculosis Drug Development FX Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, United States Agency for International Development, Global Alliance for Tuberculosis Drug Development. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 9 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 EI 1474-4457 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1185 EP 1192 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30190-6 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA DW2JP UT WOS:000383469000041 PM 27397590 ER PT J AU Menotti, EP Farrell, M AF Menotti, Elaine P. Farrell, Marguerite TI Vouchers: A Hot Ticket for Reaching the Poor and Other Special Groups With Voluntary Family Planning Services SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEALTH-SERVICES; PROGRAM; PAKISTAN; INTERVENTIONS; COUNTRIES; DELIVERY; WEALTH; IMPACT; KENYA; CARE AB Vouchers can be a highly effective tool to increase access to and use of family planning and reproductive health services, especially for special populations including the poor, youth, and postpartum women. Voucher programs need to include social and behavior change communication with clients and quality assurance for providers, whether in the private or public sector. In the longer term, voucher programs can strengthen health systems capacity and provide a pathway to strategic purchasing such as insurance or contracting. C1 [Menotti, Elaine P.; Farrell, Marguerite] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Menotti, EP (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM emnotti@usaid.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH-SCI PRAC JI Glob. Health PD SEP 28 PY 2016 VL 4 IS 3 BP 384 EP 393 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00084 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EG6UF UT WOS:000391181100005 PM 27669707 ER PT J AU Williams, J Umaru, F Edgil, D Kuritsky, J AF Williams, Jason Umaru, Farouk Edgil, Dianna Kuritsky, Joel TI Progress in Harmonizing Tiered HIV Laboratory Systems: Challenges and Opportunities in 8 African Countries SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; STANDARDIZATION AB Countries have had mixed results in adhering to laboratory instrument procurement lists, with some limiting instrument brand expansion and others experiencing substantial growth in instrument counts and brand diversity. Important challenges to advancing laboratory harmonization strategies include: 1. Lack of adherence to procurement policies 2. Lack of an effective coordinating body 3. Misalignment of laboratory policies, treatment guidelines, and minimum service packages In 2014, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS released its 90-90-90 targets, which make laboratory diagnostics a cornerstone for measuring efforts toward the epidemic control of HIV. A data-driven laboratory harmonization and standardization approach is one way to create efficiencies and ensure optimal laboratory procurements. Following the 2008 "Maputo Declaration on Strengthening of Laboratory Systems"-a call for government leadership in harmonizing tiered laboratory networks and standardizing testing services-several national ministries of health requested that the United States Government and in-country partners help implement the recommendations by facilitating laboratory harmonization and standardization workshops, with a primary focus on improving HIV laboratory service delivery. Between 2007 and 2015, harmonization and standardization workshops were held in 8 African countries. This article reviews progress in the harmonization of laboratory systems in these 8 countries. We examined agreed-upon instrument lists established at the workshops and compared them against instrument data from laboratory quantification exercises over time. We used this measure as an indicator of adherence to national procurement policies. We found high levels of diversity across laboratories' diagnostic instruments, equipment, and services. This diversity contributes to different levels of compliance with expected service delivery standards. We believe the following challenges to be the most important to address: (1) lack of adherence to procurement policies, (2) absence or limited influence of a coordinating body to fully implement harmonization proposals, and (3) misalignment of laboratory policies with minimum packages of care and with national HIV care and treatment guidelines. Overall, the effort to implement the recommendations from the Maputo Declaration has had mixed success and is a work in progress. Program managers should continue efforts to advance the principles outlined in the Maputo Declaration. Quantification exercises are an important method of identifying instrument diversity, and provide an opportunity to measure efforts toward standardization. C1 [Williams, Jason] SCMS, Partnership Supply Chain Management PFSCM, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Williams, Jason; Edgil, Dianna; Kuritsky, Joel] USAID, Bur Global Hlth, Off HIV AIDS, Supply Chain Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Umaru, Farouk] SCMS, PFSCM, Arlington, VA USA. RP Williams, J (reprint author), SCMS, Partnership Supply Chain Management PFSCM, Arlington, VA 22209 USA.; Williams, J (reprint author), USAID, Bur Global Hlth, Off HIV AIDS, Supply Chain Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jwilliams@usaid.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH-SCI PRAC JI Glob. Health PD SEP 28 PY 2016 VL 4 IS 3 BP 467 EP 480 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00004 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EG6UF UT WOS:000391181100011 PM 27688718 ER PT J AU Huber, D Curtis, C Irani, L Pappa, S Arrington, L AF Huber, Douglas Curtis, Carolyn Irani, Laili Pappa, Sara Arrington, Lauren TI Postabortion Care: 20 Years of Strong Evidence on Emergency Treatment, Family Planning, and Other Programming Components SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Review ID MANUAL VACUUM ASPIRATION; HEALTH SYSTEM COST; INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; INCOMPLETE ABORTION; MEDICAL ABORTION; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; ORAL MISOPROSTOL; UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; INCOME COUNTRIES AB Twenty years of postabortion care (PAC) studies yield strong evidence that: Misoprostol and vacuum aspiration are comparable in safety and effectiveness for treating incomplete abortion. Misoprostol, which can be provided by trained nurses and midwives, shows substantial promise for extending PAC services to secondary hospitals and primary health posts. Postabortion family planning uptake generally increases rapidly-and unintended pregnancies and repeat abortions can decline as a result-when a range of free contraceptives, including long-acting methods, are offered at the point of treatment; male involvement in counseling-always with the woman's concurrence-can increase family planning uptake and support. Worldwide 75 million women need postabortion care (PAC) services each year following safe or unsafe induced abortions and miscarriages. We reviewed more than 550 studies on PAC published between 1994 and 2013 in the peer-reviewed and gray literature, covering emergency treatment, postabortion family planning, organization of services, and related topics that impact practices and health outcomes, particularly in the Global South. In this article, we present findings from studies with strong evidence that have major implications for programs and practice. For example, vacuum aspiration reduced morbidity, costs, and time in comparison to sharp curettage. Misoprostol 400 mcg sublingually or 600 mcg orally achieved 89% to 99% complete evacuation rates within 2 weeks in multiple studies and was comparable in effectiveness, safety, and acceptability to manual vacuum aspiration. Misoprostol was safely introduced in several PAC programs through mid-level providers, extending services to secondary hospitals and primary health centers. In multiple studies, postabortion family planning uptake before discharge increased by 30-70 percentage points within 1-3 years of strengthening postabortion family planning services; in some cases, increases up to 60 percentage points in 4 months were achieved. Immediate postabortion contraceptive acceptance increased on average from 32% before the interventions to 69% post-intervention. Several studies found that women receiving immediate postabortion intrauterine devices and implants had fewer unintended pregnancies and repeat abortions than those who were offered delayed insertions. Postabortion family planning is endorsed by the professional organizations of obstetricians/gynecologists, midwives, and nurses as a standard of practice; major donors agree, and governments should be encouraged to provide universal access to postabortion family planning. Important program recommendations include offering all postabortion women family planning counseling and services before leaving the facility, especially because fertility returns rapidly (within 2 to 3 weeks); postabortion family planning services can be quickly replicated to multiple sites with high acceptance rates. Voluntary family planning uptake by method should always be monitored to document program and provider performance. In addition, vacuum aspiration and misoprostol should replace sharp curettage to treat incomplete abortion for women who meet eligibility criteria. C1 [Huber, Douglas] Innovat Dev Expertise & Advisory Serv Inc IDEAS, Boxford, MA 01921 USA. [Curtis, Carolyn] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Irani, Laili] Populat Reference Bur, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. [Pappa, Sara] Palladium, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. [Arrington, Lauren] Univ Maryland, St Joseph Med Ctr, Towson, MD USA. RP Huber, D (reprint author), Innovat Dev Expertise & Advisory Serv Inc IDEAS, Boxford, MA 01921 USA. EM DouglasHuber777@yahoo.com FU United States Agency for International Development FX We gratefully acknowledge support and encouragement from the Postabortion Family Planning Project, an Annual Program Statement awarded to EngenderHealth Inc., by the United States Agency for International Development. NR 99 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH-SCI PRAC JI Glob. Health PD SEP 28 PY 2016 VL 4 IS 3 BP 481 EP 494 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00052 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EG6UF UT WOS:000391181100012 PM 27571343 ER PT J AU Mugore, S Kassouta, NTK Sebikali, B Lundstrom, L Saad, A AF Mugore, Stembile Kassouta, Ntapi Tchiguiri K. Sebikali, Boniface Lundstrom, Laurel Saad, Abdulmumin TI Improving the Quality of Postabortion Care Services in Togo Increased Uptake of Contraception SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID COUNTRIES AB The quality improvement approach applied at 5 facilities over about 1 year increased family planning counseling to postabortion clients from 31% to 91%. Of those counseled provision of a contraceptive method before discharge increased from 37% to 60%. Oral contraceptives remained the most popular method, but use of injectables and implants increased. The country-driven approach, which tended to use existing resources and minimal external support, has potential for sustainability and scale-up in Togo and application elsewhere. High-quality postabortion care (PAC) services that include family planning counseling and a full range of contraceptives at point of treatment for abortion complications have great potential to break the cycle of repeat unintended pregnancies and demand for abortions. We describe the first application of a systematic approach to quality improvement of PAC services in a West African country. This approach-IntraHealth International's Optimizing Performance and Quality (OPQ) approach-was applied at 5 health care facilities in Togo starting in November 2014. A baseline assessment identified the following needs: reorganizing services to ensure that contraceptives are provided at point of treatment for abortion complications, before PAC clients are discharged; improving provider competencies in family planning services, including in providing long-acting reversible contraceptive implants and intrauterine devices; ensuring that contraceptive methods are available to all PAC clients free of charge; standardizing PAC registers and enhancing data collection and reporting systems; enhancing internal supervision systems at facilities and teamwork among PAC providers; and engaging PAC providers in community talks. Solutions devised and applied at the facilities during OPQ resulted in significant increases in contraceptive counseling and uptake among PAC clients: During the 5-month baseline period, 31% of PAC clients were counseled, while during the 13-month intervention period, 91% were counseled. Of all PAC clients counseled during the baseline period, 37% accepted a contraceptive, compared with 60% of those counseled during the intervention period. Oral contraceptive pills remained the most popular method during both periods, yet uptake of implants increased significantly during the intervention period-from 4% to 27% of those accepting contraceptives. This result demonstrates that the solutions applied maintained method choice while expanding access to underused long-acting reversible contraceptives. OPQ shows great potential for sustainability and scale in Togo and for application in similar contexts where the health system struggles to offer safe, high-quality, accessible PAC services. C1 [Mugore, Stembile] IntraHlth Int, Evidence Act Project, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Kassouta, Ntapi Tchiguiri K.] Minist Hlth Togo, Div Family Hlth, Lome, Togo. [Sebikali, Boniface] IntraHlth Int, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Lundstrom, Laurel; Saad, Abdulmumin] Pathfinder Int, Evidence Act Project, Washington, DC USA. [Saad, Abdulmumin] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Mugore, S (reprint author), IntraHlth Int, Evidence Act Project, Washington, DC 20006 USA. EM smugore@e2aproject.org FU Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development [AID-OAA-A-11-00024] FX This article and the work it describes was made possible through support provided by the Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development, under the terms of Award No. AID-OAA-A-11-00024. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH-SCI PRAC JI Glob. Health PD SEP 28 PY 2016 VL 4 IS 3 BP 495 EP 505 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00212 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EG6UF UT WOS:000391181100013 PM 27688719 ER PT J AU Zignol, M Dean, AS Falzon, D van Gemert, W Wright, A van Deun, A Portaels, F Laszlo, A Espinal, MA Pablos-Mendez, A Bloom, A Aziz, MA Weyer, K Jaramillo, E Nunn, P Floyd, K Raviglione, MC AF Zignol, Matteo Dean, Anna S. Falzon, Dennis van Gemert, Wayne Wright, Abigail van Deun, Armand Portaels, Francoise Laszlo, Adalbert Espinal, Marcos A. Pablos-Mendez, Ariel Bloom, Amy Aziz, Mohamed A. Weyer, Karin Jaramillo, Ernesto Nunn, Paul Floyd, Katherine Raviglione, Mario C. TI Twenty Years of Global Surveillance of Antituberculosis-Drug Resistance SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-ASSURANCE PROGRAM; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; LABORATORY NETWORK; UPDATED ANALYSIS; PROFICIENCY; EMERGENCE; EPIDEMICS; TRENDS C1 [Zignol, Matteo; Dean, Anna S.; Falzon, Dennis; van Gemert, Wayne; Wright, Abigail; Weyer, Karin; Jaramillo, Ernesto; Nunn, Paul; Floyd, Katherine; Raviglione, Mario C.] WHO, 20 Ave Appia,Off D4 6041, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [van Deun, Armand; Portaels, Francoise] Inst Trop Med, Antwerp, Belgium. [Laszlo, Adalbert] Lab Ctr Dis Control, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Espinal, Marcos A.] WHO, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. [Pablos-Mendez, Ariel; Bloom, Amy] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Aziz, Mohamed A.] WHO, Cairo, Egypt. RP Zignol, M (reprint author), WHO, 20 Ave Appia,Off D4 6041, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM zignolm@who.int NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 5 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 375 IS 11 BP 1081 EP 1089 DI 10.1056/NEJMsr1512438 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DV6ZG UT WOS:000383085000014 PM 27626523 ER PT J AU Mitchell, DF Brown, AS Bouare, SI Belemvire, A George, K Fornadel, C Norris, L Longhany, R Chandonait, PJ AF Mitchell, David F. Brown, Annie S. Bouare, Sory Ibrahima Belemvire, Allison George, Kristen Fornadel, Christen Norris, Laura Longhany, Rebecca Chandonait, Peter J. TI Mobile soak pits improve spray team mobility, productivity and safety of PMI malaria control programs SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Insecticide application; Indoor residual spraying; Field equipment decontamination; GAC; Environmental compliance ID PESTICIDE; CONTAMINATION; REMOVAL; BIOBEDS; FARM AB In the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI)-funded Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project (AIRS), end-of day clean-up operations require the safe disposal of wash water resulting from washing the exterior of spray tanks and spray operators' personal protective equipment. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) programs typically use soak pits - large, in-ground filters to adsorb, filter and then safely degrade the traces of insecticide found in the wash water. Usually these soak pits are permanent installations serving 30 or more operators, located in a central area that is accessible to multiple spray teams at the end of their workday. However, in remote areas, it is often impractical for teams to return to a central soak pit location for cleanup. To increase operational efficiency and improve environmental compliance, the PMI AIRS Project developed and tested mobile soak pits (MSP) in the laboratory and in field applications in Madagascar, Mali, Senegal, and Ethiopia where the distance between villages can be substantial and the road conditions poor. Laboratory testing confirmed the ability of the easily-assembled MSP to reduce effluent concentrations of two insecticides (Actellic 300-CS and Ficam VC) used by the PMI AIRS Project, and to generate the minimal practicable environmental "footprint" in these remote areas. Field testing in the Mali 2014 IRS campaign demonstrated ease of installation and use, resulted in improved and more consistent standards of clean-up, decreased transportation requirements, improved spray team working conditions, and reduced potential for operator exposure to insecticide. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Mitchell, David F.; Brown, Annie S.; Chandonait, Peter J.] ABT Associates Inc, 55 Wheeler St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bouare, Sory Ibrahima] Save Children, Bamako, Mali. [Belemvire, Allison; George, Kristen; Fornadel, Christen; Norris, Laura; Longhany, Rebecca] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Brown, Annie S.; Chandonait, Peter J.] Abt Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Mitchell, DF (reprint author), ABT Associates Inc, 55 Wheeler St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM David_Mitchell@abtassoc.com FU U.S. President's Malaria Initiative [AID-GHN-I-00-09-00013] FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative under Contract AID-GHN-I-00-09-00013. We appreciate the timely review and comment provided by Abt's Journal Article Support Group. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 180 BP 557 EP 565 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.036 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DS1XO UT WOS:000380418700059 PM 27341285 ER PT J AU Singh, NS Huicho, L Afnan-Holmes, H John, T Moran, AC Colbourn, T Grundy, C Matthews, Z Maliqi, B Mathai, M Daelmans, B Requejo, J Lawn, JE AF Singh, Neha S. Huicho, Luis Afnan-Holmes, Hoviyeh John, Theopista Moran, Allisyn C. Colbourn, Tim Grundy, Chris Matthews, Zoe Maliqi, Blerta Mathai, Matthews Daelmans, Bernadette Requejo, Jennifer Lawn, Joy E. CA Countdown 2015 Hlth Syst Policies TI Countdown to 2015 country case studies: systematic tools to address the "black box" of health systems and policy assessment SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Policy analysis; Health systems; Reproductive health; Newborn health; Maternal health; Child health; Tanzania; Peru ID KANGAROO MOTHER CARE; NEWBORN SURVIVAL; CHILD HEALTH; SCALE-UP; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; IMPLEMENTATION; MULTICOUNTRY; BOTTLENECKS; CHALLENGES; PREVENTION AB Background: Evaluating health systems and policy (HSP) change and implementation is critical in understanding reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) progress within and across countries. Whilst data for health outcomes, coverage and equity have advanced in the last decade, comparable analyses of HSP changes are lacking. We present a set of novel tools developed by Countdown to 2015 (Countdown) to systematically analyse and describe HSP change for RMNCH indicators, enabling multi-country comparisons. Methods: International experts worked with eight country teams to develop HSP tools via mixed methods. These tools assess RMNCH change over time (e.g. 1990-2015) and include: (i) Policy and Programme Timeline Tool (depicting change according to level of policy); (ii) Health Policy Tracer Indicators Dashboard (showing 11 selected RMNCH policies over time); (iii) Health Systems Tracer Indicators Dashboard (showing four selected systems indicators over time); and (iv) Programme implementation assessment. To illustrate these tools, we present results from Tanzania and Peru, two of eight Countdown case studies. Results: The Policy and Programme Timeline tool shows that Tanzania's RMNCH environment is complex, with increased funding and programmes for child survival, particularly primary-care implementation. Maternal health was prioritised since mid-1990s, yet with variable programme implementation, mainly targeting facilities. Newborn health only received attention since 2005, yet is rapidly scaling-up interventions at facility-and community-levels. Reproductive health lost momentum, with re-investment since 2010. Contrastingly, Peru moved from standalone to integrated RMNCH programme implementation, combined with multi-sectoral, anti-poverty strategies. The HSP Tracer Indicators Dashboards show that Peru has adopted nine of 11 policy tracer indicators and Tanzania has adopted seven. Peru costed national RMNCH plans pre-2000, whereas Tanzania developed a national RMNCH plan in 2006 but only costed the reproductive health component. Both countries included all lifesaving RMNCH commodities on their essential medicines lists. Peru has twice the health worker density of Tanzania (15.4 vs. 7.1/10,000 population, respectively), although both are below the 22.8 WHO minimum threshold. Conclusions: These are the first HSP tools using mixed methods to systematically analyse and describe RMNCH changes within and across countries, important in informing accelerated progress for ending preventable maternal, newborn and child mortality in the post-2015 era. C1 [Singh, Neha S.; Grundy, Chris; Lawn, Joy E.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Ctr Maternal Adolescent Reprod & Child Hlth, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Huicho, Luis] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Ctr Invest el Desarrollo Integral & Sostenible, Lima, Peru. [Huicho, Luis] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Med, Lima, Peru. [Huicho, Luis] Inst Nacl Salud Nino, Lima, Peru. [John, Theopista] World Hlth Org, POB 9292, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Moran, Allisyn C.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Colbourn, Tim] UCL, Inst Global Hlth, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Matthews, Zoe] Univ Southampton, Div Social Stat & Demog, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Maliqi, Blerta; Mathai, Matthews; Daelmans, Bernadette] World Hlth Org, Dept Maternal Newborn Child & Adolescent Hlth, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [Requejo, Jennifer] Partnership Maternal Newborn & Child Hlth, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. RP Singh, NS (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Ctr Maternal Adolescent Reprod & Child Hlth, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM neha.singh@lshtm.ac.uk OI Singh, Neha/0000-0003-0057-121X FU U.S. Fund for UNICEF under the Countdown to 2015 for Maternal, Newborn and Child Survival grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Government of Canada, Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development FX The costs for the writing and publication of this paper were provided through a sub-grant from the U.S. Fund for UNICEF under the Countdown to 2015 for Maternal, Newborn and Child Survival grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and from the Government of Canada, Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD SEP 12 PY 2016 VL 16 SU 2 AR 790 DI 10.1186/s12889-016-3402-5 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DW4IQ UT WOS:000383606800001 PM 27634035 ER PT J AU Neumann, CG Nyandiko, W Siika, A Drorbaugh, N Samari, G Ettyang, G Ernst, JA AF Neumann, Charlotte G. Nyandiko, Winstone Siika, Abraham Drorbaugh, Natalie Samari, Goleen Ettyang, Grace Ernst, Judith A. TI Morbidity and nutrition status of rural drug-naive Kenyan women living with HIV SO AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE body composition; CD4 positive T-lymphocytes; illness; infection; Kenya ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INFECTED ADULTS; COTE-DIVOIRE; UGANDAN ADULTS; MALARIA; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; HIV/AIDS AB This paper describes morbidity in a group of HIV-positive drug-naive rural women in western Kenya. A total of 226 drug-naive HIV-positive women were evaluated for baseline morbidity, immune function, and anthropometry before a food-based nutrition intervention. Kenyan nurses visited women in their homes and conducted semi-structured interviews regarding symptoms and physical signs experienced at the time of the visit and during the previous week and physical inspection. Blood and urine samples were examined for determination of immune function (CD4, CD8, and total lymphocyte counts), anaemia, malaria, and pregnancy status. Intradermal skin testing with tuberculin (PPD), candida, and tetanus toxoid antigens was also performed to evaluate cell-mediated immunity. Anthropometry was measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Seventy-six per cent of the women reported being sick on the day of the interview or within the previous week. Illnesses considered serious were reported by 13.7% of women. The most frequent morbidity episodes reported were upper respiratory tract infections (13.3%), suspected malaria (5.85%), skeletal pain (4.87%), and stomach pain (4.42%). The most common morbidity signs on physical inspection were respiratory symptoms, most commonly rhinorrhea and coughing. Confirmed malaria and severe diarrhea were significantly associated with a higher BMI. C1 [Neumann, Charlotte G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Neumann, Charlotte G.; Drorbaugh, Natalie; Samari, Goleen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jonathan & Karin Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Nyandiko, Winstone; Siika, Abraham] USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA, Eldoret, Kenya. [Nyandiko, Winstone; Siika, Abraham] Moi Univ, Dept Child Hlth & Pediat, Eldoret, Kenya. [Samari, Goleen] Univ Texas Austin, Populat Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ettyang, Grace] Moi Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Coll Hlth Sci, Eldoret, Kenya. [Ernst, Judith A.] Indiana Univ, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Neumann, CG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.; Neumann, CG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jonathan & Karin Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM cneumann@ucla.edu NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL INQUIRY SERVICES CENTRE PTY LTD PI GRAHAMSTOWN PA 19 WORCESTER STREET, PO BOX 377, GRAHAMSTOWN 6140, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1608-5906 EI 1727-9445 J9 AJAR-AFR J AIDS RES JI AJAR-Afr. J. Aids Res. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 15 IS 3 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.2989/16085906.2016.1205111 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DZ0TY UT WOS:000385553800011 PM 27681152 ER PT J AU Chew, F Dary, O AF Chew, Francisco Dary, Omar TI A POSTHUMOUS REMEMBRANCE DR. FERNANDO E. VITERI Has works published, Professor SO ARCHIVOS LATINOAMERICANOS DE NUTRICION LA Spanish DT Biographical-Item C1 [Chew, Francisco] INCAP, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Dary, Omar] USAID, Buro Salud Publ Global, Washington, DC USA. RP Chew, F (reprint author), INCAP, Guatemala City, Guatemala. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARCHIVOS LATINOAMERICANOS NUTRICION PI CARACAS PA APARTADO 62778 CHACAO, AVENIDA FRANCISCO MIRANDA, CARACAS 1060, VENEZUELA SN 0004-0622 J9 ARCH LATINOAM NUTR JI Arch. Latinoam. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 66 IS 3 BP 256 EP 257 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA DY0AY UT WOS:000384760500012 ER PT J AU Mangan, JM Tupasi, TE Garfin, AMCG Lofranco, V Orilaza-Chi, R Basilio, R Naval, LC Balane, GI Joson, ES Burt, D Lew, WJ Mantala, M Pancho, S Sarol, JN Golubkov, A Kurbatova, EV AF Mangan, J. M. Tupasi, T. E. Garfin, A. M. C. G. Lofranco, V. Orilaza-Chi, R. Basilio, R. Naval, L. C. Balane, G. I. Joson, E. S. Burt, D. Lew, W-J. Mantala, M. Pancho, S. Sarol, J. N., Jr. Golubkov, A. Kurbatova, E. V. TI Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients lost to follow-up: self reported readiness to restart treatment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE patient decision; readiness; health behavior; stages of change; patient education AB SETTING: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients lost to follow-up (LTFU) from Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis facilities in the Philippines. OBJECTIVES: To gain insight into patients' readiness to return to treatment. METHODS: MDR-TB patients who initiated treatment and were categorized as LTFU were identified using TB registers, contacted, and asked to consent to an interview and medical record review. At the conclusion of the interview, patients' readiness to restart treatment was assessed and examined in relation to demographic, clinical, and interview data. Odds ratios were calculated. RESULTS: When asked if they would consider restarting MDR-TB treatment, 3% of the 89 participating patients reported that they had already restarted, 34% indicated that they wanted to restart, 33% had not considered restarting, 28% were undecided, and 2% had decided against restarting. Patients who wanted to restart treatment were more likely to report having borrowed money for TB-related expenses (OR 5.97, 95 %CI 1.27-28.18), and were less likely to report being self-employed (OR 0.08, 95%CI 0.01-0.67), or perceive themselves at low or no risk for TB relapse (OR 0.30, 95%CI 0.08-0.96) than patients who did not indicate an interest in restarting treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to re-engage LTFU patients in care should consider financial barriers, knowledge gaps, and personal adherence challenges in patients. C1 [Mangan, J. M.; Burt, D.; Kurbatova, E. V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tupasi, T. E.; Naval, L. C.; Balane, G. I.; Joson, E. S.; Sarol, J. N., Jr.] Trop Dis Fdn, Makati, Philippines. [Garfin, A. M. C. G.; Basilio, R.] Dept Hlth, Natl TB Control Program, Manila, Philippines. [Lofranco, V.; Pancho, S.] Lung Ctr Philippines, Natl Ctr Pulm Res, Quezon City, Philippines. [Orilaza-Chi, R.] Philippine Business Social Progress Innovat & Mul, Manila, Philippines. [Lew, W-J.] WHO, Reg Off Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines. [Mantala, M.] Natl TB Program, Manila, Philippines. [Golubkov, A.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Mangan, JM (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E10, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM bpy4@cdc.gov FU US Agency for International Development (USAID) Philippines, Manila, The Philippines; Philippine Business for Social Progress (Manila, The Philippines) FX This work was supported by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) Philippines, Manila, The Philippines through a cooperative agreement with Philippine Business for Social Progress (Manila, The Philippines) for the Innovations and Multisectoral Partnership to Achieve Control of Tuberculosis (IMPACT) project. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 EI 1815-7920 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1205 EP 1211 DI 10.5588/ijtld.16.0029 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA DT8XN UT WOS:000381779100016 PM 27510247 ER PT J AU Moran, AC Jolivet, RR Chou, D Dalglish, SL Hill, K Ramsey, K Rawlins, B Say, L AF Moran, Allisyn C. Jolivet, R. Rima Chou, Doris Dalglish, Sarah L. Hill, Kathleen Ramsey, Kate Rawlins, Barbara Say, Lale TI A common monitoring framework for ending preventable maternal mortality, 2015-2030: phase I of a multi-step process SO BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH LA English DT Article DE Maternal mortality; Indicators; Monitoring and evaluation AB Background: While global maternal mortality declined 44 % between 1990 and 2015, the majority of countries fell short of attaining Millennium Development Goal targets. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted in late 2015, include a target to reduce national maternal mortality ratios (MMR) to achieve a global average of 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. A comprehensive paper outlining Strategies toward Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality (EPMM) was launched in February 2015 to support achievement of the SDG global targets. To date, there has not been consensus on a set of core metrics to track progress toward the overall global maternal mortality target, which has made it difficult to systematically monitor maternal health status and programs over time. Findings: The World Health Organization (WHO), Maternal Health Taskforce (MHTF), and the US Agency for International Development (USAID) along with its flagship Maternal and Child Survival Program (MCSP), facilitated a consultative process to seek consensus on maternal health indicators for global monitoring and reporting by all countries. Consensus was reached on 12 indicators and four priority areas for further indicator development and testing. These indicators are being harmonized with the Every Newborn Action Plan core metrics for a joint global maternal newborn monitoring framework. Next steps include a similar process to agree upon indicators to monitor social, political and economic determinants of maternal health and survival highlighted in the EPMM strategies. Conclusion: This process provides a foundation for the maternal health community to work collaboratively to track progress on core global indicators. It is important that actors continue to work together through transparent and participatory processes to track progress to end preventable maternal mortality and achieve the SDG maternal mortality targets. C1 [Moran, Allisyn C.] US Agcy Int Dev, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Jolivet, R. Rima] Maternal Hlth Task Force, Boston, MA USA. [Chou, Doris; Dalglish, Sarah L.; Say, Lale] WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. [Hill, Kathleen; Rawlins, Barbara] Jhpiego, Maternal & Child Survival Program, Washington, DC USA. [Ramsey, Kate] Columbia Univ, Averting Maternal Death & Disabil Program, New York, NY USA. RP Moran, AC (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM amoran@usaid.gov FU US Agency for International Development; WHO/HRP; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; EPMM Working Group FX This work was supported by partners in the EPMM Working Group, including the US Agency for International Development, WHO/HRP, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through support to the Maternal Health Task Force. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2393 J9 BMC PREGNANCY CHILDB JI BMC Pregnancy Childbirth PD AUG 26 PY 2016 VL 16 AR 250 DI 10.1186/s12884-016-1035-4 PG 13 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA DU0ND UT WOS:000381900900001 PM 27565428 ER PT J AU Jaskiewicz, W Oketcho, V Settle, D Frymus, D Ntalazi, F Ezati, I Tulenko, K AF Jaskiewicz, Wanda Oketcho, Vincent Settle, Dykki Frymus, Diana Ntalazi, Francis Ezati, Isaac Tulenko, Kate TI Investing in the health workforce to increase access to and use of HIV and AIDS services in Uganda SO AIDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jaskiewicz, Wanda; Tulenko, Kate] IntraHlth Int, 1776 1 St NW,Suite 650, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Oketcho, Vincent] IntraHlth Int, Kampala, Uganda. [Settle, Dykki] IntraHlth Int, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Settle, Dykki] PATH, Seattle, WA USA. [Frymus, Diana] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Ntalazi, Francis; Ezati, Isaac] Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. RP Jaskiewicz, W (reprint author), IntraHlth Int, 1776 1 St NW,Suite 650, Washington, DC 20006 USA. EM wjaskiewicz@intrahealth.org NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG 24 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 13 BP N21 EP N25 DI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001151 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA DS5HN UT WOS:000380812400001 PM 27163709 ER PT J AU Li, QH Wayman, A Lin, JG Fang, Y Zhu, C Wu, JH AF Li, Quhuan Wayman, Annica Lin, Jiangguo Fang, Ying Zhu, Cheng Wu, Jianhua TI Flow-Enhanced Stability of Rolling Adhesion through E-Selectin SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LIGAND BINDING-KINETICS; VON-WILLEBRAND-DISEASE; GLYCOPROTEIN IB-ALPHA; FORMS CATCH BONDS; P-SELECTIN; CELL-ADHESION; THRESHOLD SHEAR; FORCE; DISSOCIATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Selectin-ligand interactions mediate tethering and rolling of circulating leukocytes on the vessel wall during inflammation. Extensive study has been devoted to elucidating the kinetic and mechanical constraints of receptor-ligand-interaction-mediated leukocyte adhesion, yet many questions remain unanswered. Here, we describe our design of an inverted flow chamber to compare adhesions of HL-60 cells to E-selectin in the upright and inverted orientations. This new, to our knowledge, design allowed us to evaluate the effect of gravity and to investigate the mechanisms of flow-enhanced adhesion. Cell rolling in the two orientations was qualitatively similar, and the quantitative differences can be explained by the effect of gravity, which promotes free-flowing cells to tether and detached cells to reattach to the surface in the upright orientation but prevents such attachment from happening in the inverted orientation. We characterized rolling stability by the lifetime of rolling adhesion and detachment of rolling cells, which could be easily measured in the inverted orientation, but not in the upright orientation because of the reattachment of transiently detached cells. Unlike the transient tether lifetime of E-selectin-ligand interaction, which exhibited triphasic slip-catch-slip bonds, the lifetime of rolling adhesion displayed a biphasic trend that first increased with the wall shear stress, reached a maximum at 0.4 dyn/cm(2), and then decreased gradually. We have developed a minimal mathematical model for the probability of rolling adhesion. Comparison of the theoretical predictions to data has provided model validation and allowed evaluation of the effective two-dimensional association on-rate, k(on), and the binding affinity, K-a, of the E-selectin-ligand interaction. k(on) increased with the wall shear stress from 0.1 to 0.7 dyn/cm(2). K-a first increased with the wall shear stress, reached a maximum at 0.4 dyn/cm(2), and then decreased gradually. Our results provide insights into how the interplay between flow-dependent on-rate and off-rate of E-selectin-ligand bonds determine flow-enhanced cell rolling stability. C1 [Li, Quhuan; Lin, Jiangguo; Fang, Ying; Wu, Jianhua] South China Univ Technol, Sch Biosci & Bioengn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Li, Quhuan] South China Univ Technol, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Fermentat & Enzyme Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wayman, Annica; Zhu, Cheng] Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Zhu, Cheng] Georgia Inst Technol, Coulter Dept Biomed Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wayman, Annica] US Agcy Int Dev, Ctr Data Anal & Res, US Global Dev Lab, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Wu, JH (reprint author), South China Univ Technol, Sch Biosci & Bioengn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.; Zhu, C (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.; Zhu, C (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Coulter Dept Biomed Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM cheng.zhu@bme.gatech.edu; wujianhua@scut.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [31170887, 11432006, 11272125, 31200705]; National Institutes of Health [R01 AI044902, R03 TW007529]; Forensics Research Funds for the Central Universities (FRFCU) [2014ZZ0051] FX This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grants 31170887 (to J.W.), 11432006 (to J.W.), 11272125 (to Y.F.), and 31200705 (to Q.L.), by National Institutes of Health grants R01 AI044902 (to C.Z.) and R03 TW007529 (to C.Z. and J.W.), and by Forensics Research Funds for the Central Universities (FRFCU) grant 2014ZZ0051 (to Q.L.). NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 10 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD AUG 23 PY 2016 VL 111 IS 4 BP 686 EP 699 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.07.014 PG 14 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DU3GR UT WOS:000382099300003 PM 27558713 ER PT J AU Birhanu, Z Abebe, L Sudhakar, M Dissanayake, G Yihdego, YYE Alemayehu, G Yewhalaw, D AF Birhanu, Zewdie Abebe, Lakew Sudhakar, Morankar Dissanayake, Gunawardena Yihdego, Yemane Ye-ebiyo Alemayehu, Guda Yewhalaw, Delenasaw TI Malaria Related Perceptions, Care Seeking after Onset of Fever and Anti-Malarial Drug Use in Malaria Endemic Settings of Southwest Ethiopia SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; TRANSMISSION; MANAGEMENT; CHILDREN; AREA AB Background Prompt care seeking and appropriate use of anti-malarial drugs are critical components of malaria prevention and control. This study assessed malaria related perceptions, care seeking behavior and anti-malarial drug use in malaria endemic settings of Ethiopia. Methods Data were generated from a community based cross-sectional study conducted among 798 households during January 2014 as part of a larger household behavioral study in three malaria endemic districts of Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 and STATA 12.0. Results In this study, only 76.1% of the respondents associated malaria to mosquito bite, and incorrect beliefs and perceptions were noted. Despite moderate level of knowledge (estimated mean = 62.2, Std Err = 0.7, 95% CI: 60.6-63.8%), quite high favorable attitude (overall estimated mean = 91.5, Std Err = 0.6, 95% CI: 90.1-92.9%) were recorded towards malaria preventive measures. The mean attitude score for prompt care seeking, appropriate use of anti-malarial drugs, LLIN use and Indoor Residual Spray acceptance was 98.5 (Std Err = 0.4, 95% CI: 97.5-99.4), 92.7 (Std Err = 0.6 95% CI: 91.5-93.9), 88.8 (Std Err = 0.5, 95% CI: 85.5-92.1) and 86.5 (Std Err = 1.2, 95% CI: 83.9-89.1), respectively. The prevalence of fever was 2.9% (116/ 4107) and of the study participants with fever, 71.9%(95% CI: 65.5-78.3%) sought care and all of them consulted formal health care system. However, only 17 (19.8%) sought care within 24 hours after onset of fever. The frequency of care seeking was higher (77.8%, n = 21/27) and more prompt (28.6%, 6/21) for children under five as compared to old age groups despite it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, higher median time of seeking first care was observed among Muslims and people who did not attend school (p < 0.05). Of those who used anti-malarial drugs, 9.1% indicated that they used it inappropriately through saving and/or sharing. Irregular availability of antimalarial drugs; irregular presence of frontline health workers and misconceptions were mentioned to contribute to delayed care seeking and irrational use of anti-malarial drugs. Conclusions Although care seeking behavior for febrile illness was quite high in this community, the habit of prompt care seeking was very limited. Thus, malaria prevention and control programs need to take into account local misconceptions and wrong perceptions, and health system factors to achieve optimal health seeking behavior in such malaria endemic settings. C1 [Birhanu, Zewdie; Abebe, Lakew; Sudhakar, Morankar] Jimma Univ, Dept Hlth Educ & Behav Sci, Coll Hlth Sci, Jimma, Ethiopia. [Dissanayake, Gunawardena; Alemayehu, Guda] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Yihdego, Yemane Ye-ebiyo] Africa Indoor Residual Spraying, Abt Associates, Accra, Ghana. [Yewhalaw, Delenasaw] Jimma Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci & Pathol, Coll Hlth Sci, Jimma, Ethiopia. [Yewhalaw, Delenasaw] Jimma Univ, Trop & Infect Dis Res Ctr, Jimma, Ethiopia. RP Birhanu, Z (reprint author), Jimma Univ, Dept Hlth Educ & Behav Sci, Coll Hlth Sci, Jimma, Ethiopia. EM zbkoricha@yahoo.com FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/President's Malaria Initiative (PMI)-Ethiopia [AID-663-A-13-00010]; United States Agency for International Development (USAID) FX This study received financial support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/President's Malaria Initiative (PMI)-Ethiopia (website:https://www.usaid.gov/ethiopia) under cooperative agreement number AID-663-A-13-00010. USIAD staffs provided overall guidance and support during the whole course of the study. Disclaimer This study was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of USAID or the United States Government. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 12 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 8 AR e0160234 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0160234 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DT3LI UT WOS:000381382100010 ER PT J AU Gashu, Z Jerene, D Ensermu, M Habte, D Melese, M Hiruy, N Shibeshi, E Hamusse, SD Nigussie, G Girma, B Kassie, Y Haile, YK Suarez, P AF Gashu, Zewdu Jerene, Degu Ensermu, Mitiku Habte, Dereje Melese, Muluken Hiruy, Nebiyu Shibeshi, Endale Hamusse, Shallo D. Nigussie, G. Girma, B. Kassie, Yewulsew Haile, Yared Kebede Suarez, Pedro TI The Yield of Community-Based "Retrospective" Tuberculosis Contact Investigation in a High Burden Setting in Ethiopia SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-SERVICE DELAY; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; RISK-FACTORS; HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; COHORT; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN AB Objective To determine the yield and determinants of retrospective TB contact investigation in selected zones in Ethiopia. Materials and Methods This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted during June-October 2014. Trained lay providers performed symptom screening for close contacts of index cases with all types of TB registered for anti-TB treatment within the last three years. We used logistic regression to determine factors associated with TB diagnosis among the contacts. Results Of 272,441 close contacts of 47, 021 index cases screened, 13,886 and 2, 091 had presumptive and active TB respectively. The yield of active TB was thus 768/100, 000, contributing 25.4% of the 7,954 TB cases reported from the study zones over the study period. The yield was highest among workplace contacts (12,650/100, 000). Active TB was twice more likely among contacts whose index cases had been registered for TB treatment within the last 12 months compared with those who had been registered 24 or more months earlier (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 1.77 95% CI 1.42-2.21). Sex or clinical type of TB in index cases was not associated with the yield. Smear negative (SS-) index cases (AOR: 1.74 955 CI 1.13-2.68), having index cases who registered for treatment within < 12 months (AOR: 2.41 95% CI 1.51-3.84) and being household contact (AOR: 0.072 95% CI 0.01-0.52) were associated with the occurrence of active TB in children. Conclusions The yield of retrospective contact investigation was about six times the case notification in the study zones, contributing a fourth of all TB cases notified over the same period. The yield was highest among workplace contacts and in those with recent past history of contact. Retrospective contact screening can serve as additional strategy to identify high risk groups not addressed through currently recommended screening approaches. C1 [Gashu, Zewdu; Jerene, Degu; Ensermu, Mitiku; Habte, Dereje; Melese, Muluken; Hiruy, Nebiyu; Shibeshi, Endale; Girma, B.] Help Ethiopia Address Low Performance TB HEAL TB, Management Sci Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hamusse, Shallo D.] Oromia Reg Hlth Bur, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Nigussie, G.] Amhara Reg Hlth Bur, Bahirdar, Ethiopia. [Kassie, Yewulsew; Haile, Yared Kebede] US Agcy Int Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Suarez, Pedro] Ctr Hlth Serv, Management Sci Hlth, Arlington, VA USA. RP Gashu, Z (reprint author), Help Ethiopia Address Low Performance TB HEAL TB, Management Sci Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM zgashu@msh.org FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) [AID-663-A-11-00011] FX The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) supported this work through HEAL TB, under cooperative agreement number AID-663-A-11-00011. The contents of the article are the responsibility of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States government. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 2 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 8 AR e0160514 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0160514 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DS9NS UT WOS:000381110700054 PM 27483160 ER PT J AU Lansing, S Bowen, H Gregoire, K Klavon, K Moss, A Eaton, A Lai, YJ Iwata, K AF Lansing, Stephanie Bowen, Holly Gregoire, Kyla Klavon, Katherine Moss, Andrew Eaton, Alexander Lai, Yen-Jung Iwata, Kayoko TI Methane production for sanitation improvement in Haiti SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Anaerobic digestion; Biogas; Biochemical methane potential (BMP); Pit latrine; Wastewater; Grey water ID CONCENTRATED BLACK WATER; ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION; CO-DIGESTION; WASTE-WATER; DECENTRALIZED SANITATION; TRANSFORMATIONS; SYSTEM; MANURE; REUSE; AREAS AB There is a great need for decentralized anaerobic digestion (AD) that utilizes wastewater for energy generation. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) of Haitian latrine waste was determined and compared to other waste streams, such as grey water, septage, and dairy manure. Average methane (CH4) production for the latrine waste (13.6 ml ml(-1) substrate) was 23 times greater than septage (0.58 ml ml(-1) substrate), and 151 times greater than grey water (0.09 ml ml(-1) substrate), illustrating the larger potential when waste is source separated using the decentralized sanitation and reuse (DESAR) concept for more appropriate treatment of each waste stream. Using the BMP results, methane production based on various AD configurations was calculated, and compared with the full-scale field AD design. Methane potential from the BMP testing was calculated as 0.006-0.017 m(3) person (1) day (1) using the lowest and highest latrine BMP results, which was similar to the values from the full-scale system (0.011 m(3) person (1) day (1)), illustrating the ability of BMPs to be used to predict biogas production from sanitation digesters in a smaller-scale setting. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lansing, Stephanie; Bowen, Holly; Klavon, Katherine; Moss, Andrew; Lai, Yen-Jung; Iwata, Kayoko] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gregoire, Kyla] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Eaton, Alexander] Inst Int Recursos Renovables AC IRRI, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Gregoire, Kyla] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Lai, Yen-Jung] Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Swette Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Lansing, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, 1449 Anim Sci Ag Engn Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM slansing@umd.edu FU National Science Foundation [1034836]; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1034758]; USAID-Haiti [521-A-13-00008] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (#1034836), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (#OPP1034758), and USAID-Haiti (#521-A-13-00008). Special appreciation is given to Father Lafontant, Marie-Flore Lafontant, and Lukenson Berno at Zanmi Lasante, Gillaine Warne, Harold Morse, David Vaughn and Kip Duchon from the Episcopal Diocese of Upper South Carolina, Clemson Engineers for Developing Countries (David Waters, Samuel Knobeloch; Brian Graham, Colby Cash, Rachel Weber), UMD Capstone students in ENST (Parise Henry, Helen Lee, Sean Maley, Timothy Mayer, and Christine Wertz), and Rachel Smith from Biobolsa-Mexico. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 EI 1873-2909 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 91 BP 288 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.05.032 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA DU9GI UT WOS:000382524100032 ER PT J AU Richards, P Reardon, T Tschirley, D Jayne, T Oehmke, J Atwood, D AF Richards, Peter Reardon, Tom Tschirley, David Jayne, Thom Oehmke, Jim Atwood, David TI Cities and the future of agriculture and food security: a policy and programmatic roundtable SO FOOD SECURITY LA English DT Article ID RURAL NONFARM EMPLOYMENT; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; POVERTY REDUCTION; FARM SIZE; URBAN; REVOLUTION; MIDDLE; TRANSFORMATION; URBANIZATION; BANGLADESH C1 [Richards, Peter; Oehmke, Jim; Atwood, David] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Food Secur, Washigton, DC 20523 USA. [Reardon, Tom; Tschirley, David; Jayne, Thom] Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr Food & Resource Econ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Richards, P (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Food Secur, Washigton, DC 20523 USA. EM perichards@usaid.gov; reardon@msu.edu; tschirle@msu.edu; jayne@msu.edu; joehmke@usaid.gov; datwood@usaid.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1876-4517 EI 1876-4525 J9 FOOD SECUR JI Food Secur. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 8 IS 4 BP 871 EP 877 DI 10.1007/s12571-016-0597-3 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA DV1TM UT WOS:000382704100014 ER PT J AU Mishra, S Boily, MC Schwartz, S Beyrer, C Blanchard, JF Moses, S Castor, D Phaswana-Mafuya, N Vickerman, P Drame, F Alary, M Baral, SD AF Mishra, Sharmistha Boily, Marie-Claude Schwartz, Sheree Beyrer, Chris Blanchard, James F. Moses, Stephen Castor, Delivette Phaswana-Mafuya, Nancy Vickerman, Peter Drame, Fatou Alary, Michel Baral, Stefan D. TI Data and methods to characterize the role of sex work and to inform sex work programs in generalized HIV epidemics: evidence to challenge assumptions SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE HIV; Generalized HIV epidemics; Sex work; Sub-Saharan Africa; Mathematical models; Population attributable fraction ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; CORE GROUP-THEORY; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; TRANSACTIONAL SEX; KEY POPULATIONS; WEST-AFRICA; TRANSMISSION MODEL; DIFFERENT REGIONS; POTENTIAL IMPACT AB In the context of generalized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics, there has been limited recent investment in HIV surveillance and prevention programming for key populations including female sex workers. Often implicit in the decision to limit investment in these epidemic settings are assumptions including that commercial sex is not significant to the sustained transmission of HIV, and HIV interventions designed to reach "all segments of society" will reach female sex workers and clients. Emerging empiric and model-based evidence is challenging these assumptions. This article highlights the frameworks and estimates used to characterize the role of sex work in HIV epidemics as well as the relevant empiric data landscape on sex work in generalized HIV epidemics and their strengths and limitations. Traditional approaches to estimate the contribution of. sex work to HIV epidemics do not capture the potential for upstream and downstream sexual and vertical HIV transmission. Emerging approaches such as the transmission population attributable fraction from dynamic mathematical models can address this gap. To move forward, the HIV scientific community must begin by replacing assumptions about the epidemiology of generalized HIV epidemics with data and more appropriate methods of estimating the contribution of unprotected sex in the context of sex work. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mishra, Sharmistha] Univ Toronto, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Inst, St Michaels Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Mishra, Sharmistha; Boily, Marie-Claude] Imperial Coll, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England. [Schwartz, Sheree; Beyrer, Chris; Baral, Stefan D.] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Publ Hlth & Human Rights, Baltimore, MD USA. [Blanchard, James F.; Moses, Stephen] Univ Manitoba, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Ctr Global Publ Hlth, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Castor, Delivette] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Phaswana-Mafuya, Nancy] Human Sci Res Council, HIV AIDS STI & TB Dept, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. [Vickerman, Peter] Univ Bristol, Sch Social & Community Med, Bristol, Avon, England. [Drame, Fatou] Univ Gaston Berger, Dept Geog, St Louis, Senegal. [Alary, Michel] Univ Laval, CHU Quebec, Ctr Rech, Dept Med Sociale & Prevent, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. RP Baral, SD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Publ Hlth & Human Rights, Key Populat Programs, E7146,615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM sbaral@jhu.edu OI Mishra, Sharmistha/0000-0001-8492-5470 FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Ontario HIV Treatment Network New Investigator Award; Canadian Institutes of Health Research [FDN 143266]; Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research, an NIH [P30AI094189]; NIAID; NCI; NICHD; NHLBI; NIDA; NIMH; NIA; FIC; NIGMS; NIDDK; OAR FX The authors thank Branwen Owen (Imperial College London) for providing data. The authors thank members of the KEYPOP partnership hosted at Imperial College for informing the development of this article. S.Mi. is supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Ontario HIV Treatment Network New Investigator Award, and the research is supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FDN 143266). C.B. and S.D.B. receive support from the Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research, an NIH funded program (P30AI094189), which is supported by the following NIH cofunding and participating institutes and centers: NIAID, NCI, NICHD, NHLBI, NIDA, NIMH, NIA, FIC, NIGMS, NIDDK, and OAR. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. NR 114 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 EI 1873-2585 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 26 IS 8 BP 557 EP 569 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.06.004 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DU3HU UT WOS:000382102200007 PM 27421700 ER PT J AU Neufeld, LM Aaron, GJ Garrett, GS Baker, SK Dary, O Van Ameringen, M AF Neufeld, L. M. Aaron, G. J. Garrett, G. S. Baker, S. K. Dary, O. Van Ameringen, M. TI Food fortification for impact: a data-driven approach SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION; NUTRITION; CHILDREN; RECALL C1 [Neufeld, L. M.; Aaron, G. J.; Garrett, G. S.; Van Ameringen, M.] Global Alliance Improved Nutr, POB 55, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Baker, S. K.] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. [Dary, O.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Neufeld, LM (reprint author), Global Alliance Improved Nutr, POB 55, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM neufeld@gainhealth.org NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 EI 1564-0604 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 94 IS 8 BP 631 EP 632 DI 10.2471/BLT.15.164756 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DU3HM UT WOS:000382101400020 PM 27516642 ER PT J AU Habte, D Melese, M Hiruy, N Gashu, Z Jerene, D Moges, F Yifru, S Girma, B Kassie, Y Haile, YK Suarez, PG Tessema, B AF Habte, Dereje Melese, Muluken Hiruy, Nebiyu Gashu, Zewdu Jerene, Degu Moges, Feleke Yifru, Sisay Girma, Belaineh Kassie, Yewulsew Haile, Yared Kebede Suarez, Pedro Guillermo Tessema, Belay TI The additional yield of GeneXpert MTB/RIF test in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis among household contacts of smear positive TB cases SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Tuberculosis; Household contact; GeneXpert; Ethiopia ID XPERT(R) MTB/RIF; INCOME COUNTRIES; STRATEGY AB Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic yield of GeneXpert MTB/RIF with Ziehl-Neelson (ZN) sputum smear microscopy among index TB cases and their household contacts. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among sputum smear positive index TB cases and their household contacts in Northern Ethiopia. Results: Of 353 contacts screened, 41 (11%) were found to have presumptive TB. GeneXpert test done among 39 presumptive TB cases diagnosed 14 (35.9%) cases of TB (one being rifampicin resistant), whereas the number of TB cases diagnosed by microscopy was only 5 (12.8%): a 64.3% increased positivity rate by GeneXpert versus ZN microscopy. The number needed to screen and number needed to test to diagnose a single case of TB was significantly lower with the use of GeneXpert than ZN microscopy. Of 119 index TB cases, GeneXpert test revealed that 106 (89.1%) and 5 (4.2%) were positive for rifampicin sensitive and rifampicin resistant TB, respectively. Conclusion: GeneXpert test led to increased TB case detection among household contacts in addition to its advantage in the diagnosis of Rifampicin resistance among contacts and index TB cases. There should be a consideration in using GeneXpert MTB/RIF as a point of care TB testing tool among high risk groups. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. C1 [Habte, Dereje; Melese, Muluken; Hiruy, Nebiyu; Gashu, Zewdu; Jerene, Degu] Help Ethiopia Address Low Performance TB HEAL TB, Management Sci Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Moges, Feleke; Tessema, Belay] Univ Gondar, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Med Microbiol, Gondar, Ethiopia. [Yifru, Sisay] Univ Gondar, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Gondar, Ethiopia. [Girma, Belaineh] Natl TB Program, Monitoring & Evaluat Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Kassie, Yewulsew; Haile, Yared Kebede] USAID, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Suarez, Pedro Guillermo] Hlth Programs Grp, Management Sci Hlth, Arlington, VA USA. RP Habte, D (reprint author), Help Ethiopia Address Low Performance TB HEAL TB, Management Sci Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM dhabte@msh.org FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through Management Sciences for Health - The Help Ethiopia Address Low Tuberculosis Performance Project (HEAL TB) [AID -663 -A-11-00011] FX The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) supported this work through Management Sciences for Health - The Help Ethiopia Address Low Tuberculosis Performance Project (HEAL TB), under cooperative agreement number [AID -663 -A-11-00011]. The contents of the article are the responsibility of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States government. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 EI 1878-3511 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 49 BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.07.002 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA DS5FL UT WOS:000380806600029 PM 27401584 ER PT J AU Colvin, CE Castro, KG AF Colvin, Charlotte E. Castro, Kenneth G. TI Measurement of TB disease burden in Tanzania through a population-based survey: merits and limitations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Colvin, Charlotte E.] Inst Publ Hlth, Global Hlth Fellows Program, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Colvin, Charlotte E.; Castro, Kenneth G.] US Agcy Int Dev, Infect Dis Div, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Castro, Kenneth G.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Castro, Kenneth G.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Colvin, CE (reprint author), Inst Publ Hlth, Global Hlth Fellows Program, Washington, DC 20004 USA.; Colvin, CE (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Infect Dis Div, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM ccolvin@usaid.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 EI 1815-7920 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 20 IS 8 BP 995 EP 995 DI 10.5588/ijtld.16.0368 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA DS0PC UT WOS:000380298200001 PM 27393527 ER PT J AU Mtove, G Mugasa, JP Messenger, LA Malima, RC Mangesho, P Magogo, F Plucinski, M Hashimu, R Matowo, J Shepard, D Batengana, B Cook, J Emidi, B Halasa, Y Kaaya, R Kihombo, A Lindblade, KA Makenga, G Mpangala, R Mwambuli, A Mzava, R Mziray, A Olang, G Oxborough, RM Seif, M Sambu, E Samuels, A Sudi, W Thomas, J Weston, S Alilio, M Binkin, N Gimnig, J Kleinschmidt, I McElroy, P Moulton, LH Norris, L Ruebush, T Venkatesan, M Rowland, M Mosha, FW Kisinza, WN AF Mtove, George Mugasa, Joseph P. Messenger, Louisa A. Malima, Robert C. Mangesho, Peter Magogo, Franklin Plucinski, Mateusz Hashimu, Ramadhan Matowo, Johnson Shepard, Donald Batengana, Bernard Cook, Jackie Emidi, Basiliana Halasa, Yara Kaaya, Robert Kihombo, Aggrey Lindblade, Kimberly A. Makenga, Geofrey Mpangala, Robert Mwambuli, Abraham Mzava, Ruth Mziray, Abubakary Olang, George Oxborough, Richard M. Seif, Mohammed Sambu, Edward Samuels, Aaron Sudi, Wema Thomas, John Weston, Sophie Alilio, Martin Binkin, Nancy Gimnig, John Kleinschmidt, Immo McElroy, Peter Moulton, Lawrence H. Norris, Laura Ruebush, Trenton Venkatesan, Meera Rowland, Mark Mosha, Franklin W. Kisinza, William N. TI The effectiveness of non-pyrethroid insecticide-treated durable wall lining to control malaria in rural Tanzania: study protocol for a two-armed cluster randomized trial SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Insecticide-treated wall lining; Long-lasting insecticidal nets; Malaria control; Cluster randomized controlled trial; Entomological inoculation rate; Insecticide resistance management ID ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX; BURKINA-FASO; CONTROL INTERVENTIONS; VECTOR CONTROL; INDOOR USE; NETS; RESISTANCE; TRANSMISSION; PROTECTION; MEMBERS AB Background: Despite considerable reductions in malaria achieved by scaling-up long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), maintaining sustained community protection remains operationally challenging. Increasing insecticide resistance also threatens to jeopardize the future of both strategies. Non-pyrethroid insecticidetreated wall lining (ITWL) may represent an alternate or complementary control method and a potential tool to manage insecticide resistance. To date no study has demonstrated whether ITWL can reduce malaria transmission nor provide additional protection beyond the current best practice of universal coverage (UC) of LLINs and prompt case management. Methods/design: A two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial will be conducted in rural Tanzania to assess whether non-pyrethroid ITWL and UC of LLINs provide added protection against malaria infection in children, compared to UC of LLINs alone. Stratified randomization based on malaria prevalence will be used to select 22 village clusters per arm. All 44 clusters will receive LLINs and half will also have ITWL installed on interior house walls. Study children, aged 6 months to 11 years old, will be enrolled from each cluster and followed monthly to estimate cumulative incidence of malaria parasitaemia (primary endpoint), time to first malaria episode and prevalence of anaemia before and after intervention. Entomological inoculation rate will be estimated using indoor CDC light traps and outdoor tent traps followed by detection of Anopheles gambiae species, sporozoite infection, insecticide resistance and blood meal source. ITWL bioefficacy and durability will be monitored using WHO cone bioassays and household surveys, respectively. Social and cultural factors influencing community and household ITWL acceptability will be explored through focus-group discussions and in-depth interviews. Cost-effectiveness, compared between study arms, will be estimated per malaria case averted. Discussion: This protocol describes the large-scale evaluation of a novel vector control product, designed to overcome some of the known limitations of existing methods. If ITWL is proven to be effective and durable under field conditions, it may warrant consideration for programmatic implementation, particularly in areas with long transmission seasons and where pyrethroid-resistant vectors predominate. Trial findings will provide crucial information for policy makers in Tanzania and other malaria-endemic countries to guide resource allocations for future control efforts. C1 [Mtove, George; Mugasa, Joseph P.; Malima, Robert C.; Mangesho, Peter; Magogo, Franklin; Hashimu, Ramadhan; Batengana, Bernard; Kihombo, Aggrey; Makenga, Geofrey; Mpangala, Robert; Mwambuli, Abraham; Mzava, Ruth; Mziray, Abubakary; Olang, George; Seif, Mohammed; Sambu, Edward; Sudi, Wema; Kisinza, William N.] Amani Res Ctr, Natl Inst Med Res, Muheza, Tanzania. [Messenger, Louisa A.; Cook, Jackie; Weston, Sophie; Kleinschmidt, Immo; Rowland, Mark] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Dis Control, London, England. [Plucinski, Mateusz; McElroy, Peter] US Presidents Malaria Initiat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Plucinski, Mateusz; Lindblade, Kimberly A.; Samuels, Aaron; Gimnig, John; McElroy, Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA USA. [Matowo, Johnson; Emidi, Basiliana; Kaaya, Robert; Mosha, Franklin W.] Kilimanjaro Christian Med Coll, Moshi, Tanzania. [Shepard, Donald; Emidi, Basiliana] Natl Inst Med Res, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Halasa, Yara] Brandeis Univ, Heller Sch, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. [Oxborough, Richard M.] Abt Associates Inc, PMI Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project, London, England. [Thomas, John] Phoenix Ordinary LLC, Bridgewater, NJ USA. [Alilio, Martin; Norris, Laura; Venkatesan, Meera] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Binkin, Nancy; Ruebush, Trenton] Univ Res Co LLC, Translating Res Act Project TRAct, Bethesda, MD USA. [Moulton, Lawrence H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Mtove, G (reprint author), Amani Res Ctr, Natl Inst Med Res, Muheza, Tanzania. EM mtoveg2002@gmail.com OI Emidi, Basiliana/0000-0001-6856-541X FU US President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) [GHS-A-00-09-00015-00] FX Funding for this project was provided by the US President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) managed by University Research Co., LLC (URC) (Cooperative Agreement No. GHS-A-00-09-00015-00). NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JUL 25 PY 2016 VL 16 AR 633 DI 10.1186/s12889-016-3287-3 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DR9QC UT WOS:000380230200002 PM 27456339 ER PT J AU Fieno, JV Dambisya, YM George, G Benson, K AF Fieno, John Vincent Dambisya, Yoswa M. George, Gavin Benson, Kent TI A political economy analysis of human resources for health (HRH) in Africa SO HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WORLD AB Background: Despite a global recognition from all stakeholders of the gravity and urgency of health worker shortage in Africa, little progress has been achieved to improve health worker coverage in many of the African human resources for health (HRH) crisis countries. The problem consists in how policy is made, how leaders are accountable, how the World Health Organization (WHO) and foreign donors encourage (or distort) health policy, and how development objectives are prioritized in these countries. Methods: This paper uses political economy analysis, which stems from a recognition that the solution to the shortage of health workers across Africa involves more than a technical response. A number of institutional arrangements dampen investments in HRH, including a mismatch between officials' tenure in office and program results, the vertical nature of health programming, the modalities of Overseas Development Assistance (ODA) in health, the structures of the global health community, and the weak capacity in HRH units within Ministries of Health. A major change in policymaking would only occur with a disruption to the political or institutional order. Results/conclusions: The case study of Ethiopia, who has increased its health workforce dramatically over the last 20 years, disrupted previous institutional arrangements through the power of ideas-HRH as a key intermediate development objective. The framing of HRH created the rationale for the political commitment to HRH investment. Ethiopia demonstrates that political will coupled with strong state capacity and adequate resource mobilization can overcome the institutional hurdles above. Donors will follow the lead of a country with long-term political commitment to HRH, as they did in Ethiopia. C1 [Fieno, John Vincent; Benson, Kent] US Agcy Int Dev, Reg HIV AIDS Program, Pretoria, South Africa. [Dambisya, Yoswa M.] East Cent & Southern Africa Hlth Community, Arusha, Tanzania. [George, Gavin] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Hlth Econ & HIV AIDS Res Div HEARD, Durban, South Africa. RP Fieno, JV (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Reg HIV AIDS Program, Pretoria, South Africa. EM jfieno@usaid.gov NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1478-4491 J9 HUM RESOUR HEALTH JI Hum. Resour. Health PD JUL 22 PY 2016 VL 14 AR 44 DI 10.1186/s12960-016-0137-4 PG 9 WC Health Policy & Services; Industrial Relations & Labor SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Business & Economics GA DR7WU UT WOS:000380111200001 PM 27443146 ER PT J AU Kripke, K Njeuhmeli, E Samuelson, J Schnure, M Dalal, S Farley, T Hankins, C Thomas, AG Reed, J Stegman, P Bock, N AF Kripke, Katharine Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Samuelson, Julia Schnure, Melissa Dalal, Shona Farley, Timothy Hankins, Catherine Thomas, Anne G. Reed, Jason Stegman, Peter Bock, Naomi TI Assessing Progress, Impact, and Next Steps in Rolling Out Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in 14 Priority Countries in Eastern and Southern Africa through 2014 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID COSTS AB Background In 2007, the World Health Organization and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) identified 14 priority countries across eastern and southern Africa for scaling up voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) services. Several years into this effort, we reflect on progress. Methods Using the Decision Makers' Program Planning Tool (DMPPT) 2.1, we assessed age-specific impact, cost-effectiveness, and coverage attributable to circumcisions performed through 2014. We also compared impact of actual progress to that of achieving 80% coverage among men ages 15-49 in 12 VMMC priority countries and Nyanza Province, Kenya. We populated the models with age-disaggregated VMMC service statistics and with population, mortality, and HIV incidence and prevalence projections exported from country-specific Spectrum/Goals files. We assumed each country achieved UNAIDS' 90-90-90 treatment targets. Results More than 9 million VMMCs were conducted through 2014: 43% of the estimated 20.9 million VMMCs required to reach 80% coverage by the end of 2015. The model assumed each country reaches the UNAIDS targets, and projected that VMMCs conducted through 2014 will avert 240,000 infections by the end of 2025, compared to 1.1 million if each country had reached 80% coverage by the end of 2015. The median estimated cost per HIV infection averted was $4,400. Nyanza Province in Kenya, the 11 priority regions in Tanzania, and Uganda have reached or are approaching MC coverage targets among males ages 15-24, while coverage in other age groups is lower. Across all countries modeled, more than half of the projected HIV infections averted were attributable to circumcising 10- to 19-year-olds. Conclusions The priority countries have made considerable progress in VMMC scale-up, and VMMC remains a cost-effective strategy for epidemic impact, even assuming near-universal HIV diagnosis, treatment coverage, and viral suppression. Examining circumcision coverage by five-year age groups will inform countries' decisions about next steps. C1 [Kripke, Katharine; Stegman, Peter] Avenir Hlth, Project SOAR, Washington, DC USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Samuelson, Julia; Dalal, Shona] WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. [Schnure, Melissa] Project SOAR, Palladium Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Farley, Timothy] Sigma3 Serv, Nyon, Switzerland. [Hankins, Catherine] Amsterdam Inst Global Hlth & Dev, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Thomas, Anne G.] US Dept Def, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Reed, Jason] Jhpiego, Washington, DC USA. [Bock, Naomi] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Njeuhmeli, E (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. EM enjeuhmeli@usaid.gov FU American people through the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); United States Agency for International Development (USAID) [AID-OAA-14-00026, AIDOAA-A-14-00046] FX This manuscript is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the Cooperative Agreement Project SOAR(Supporting Operational AIDS Research), number AID-OAA-14-00026, and Cooperative Agreement Strengthening High Impact Interventions for an AIDS-free Generation, number AIDOAA-A-14-00046. The information provided does not necessarily reflect the official position of USAID, PEPFAR, WHO, CDC, DoD, or the United States Government, and the contents of this article are the sole responsibility of Projects SOAR and AIDSFree, the Population Council, and the authors. E. Njeuhmeli played a substantial role in study design and manuscript preparation. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 21 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 7 AR e0158767 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0158767 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DS5CG UT WOS:000380797500024 PM 27441648 ER PT J AU Kripke, K Vazzano, A Kirungi, W Musinguzi, J Opio, A Ssempebwa, R Nakawunde, S Kyobutungi, S Akao, JN Magala, F Mwidu, G Castor, D Njeuhmeli, E AF Kripke, Katharine Vazzano, Andrea Kirungi, William Musinguzi, Joshua Opio, Alex Ssempebwa, Rhobbinah Nakawunde, Susan Kyobutungi, Sheila Akao, Juliet N. Magala, Fred Mwidu, George Castor, Delivette Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Modeling the Impact of Uganda's Safe Male Circumcision Program: Implications for Age and Regional Targeting SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIV PREVENTION; TRIAL; IMPROVEMENTS; CHILDREN; RAKAI; MEN AB Background Uganda aims to provide safe male circumcision (SMC) to 80% of men ages 15-49 by 2016. To date, only 2 million men have received SMC of the 4.2 million men required. In response to age and regional trends in SMC uptake, the country sought to re-examine its targets with respect to age and subnational region, to assess the program's progress, and to refine the implementation approach. Methods and Findings The Decision Makers' Program Planning Tool, Version 2.0 (DMPPT 2.0), was used in conjunction with incidence projections from the Spectrum/AIDS Impact Module (AIM) to conduct this analysis. Population, births, deaths, and HIV incidence and prevalence were used to populate the model. Baseline male circumcision prevalence was derived from the 2011 AIDS Indicator Survey. Uganda can achieve the most immediate impact on HIV incidence by circumcising men ages 20-34. This group will also require the fewest circumcisions for each HIV infection averted. Focusing on men ages 10-19 will offer the greatest impact over a 15-year period, while focusing on men ages 15-34 offers the most cost-effective strategy over the same period. A regional analysis showed little variation in cost-effectiveness of scaling up SMC across eight regions. Scale-up is cost-saving in all regions. There is geographic variability in program progress, highlighting two regions with low baseline rates of circumcision where additional efforts will be needed. Conclusion Focusing SMC efforts on specific age groups and regions may help to accelerate Uganda's SMC program progress. Policy makers in Uganda have already used model outputs in planning efforts, proposing males ages 10-34 as a priority group for SMC in the 2014 application to the Global Fund's new funding model. As scale-up continues, the country should also consider a greater effort to expand SMC in regions with low MC prevalence. C1 [Kripke, Katharine] Avenir Hlth, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. [Vazzano, Andrea] Futures Grp Inc, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. [Kirungi, William; Musinguzi, Joshua; Opio, Alex] Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. [Ssempebwa, Rhobbinah; Nakawunde, Susan; Kyobutungi, Sheila] US Agcy Int Dev, Kampala, Uganda. [Akao, Juliet N.] US Dept Def, Kampala, Uganda. [Magala, Fred; Mwidu, George] Makerere Univ, Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda. [Castor, Delivette; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Kripke, K (reprint author), Avenir Hlth, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. EM kkripke@avenirhealth.org FU American people through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) [AID-OAA-A-10-00067, AID-OAA-14-00026]; USAID FX This manuscript is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) under the Cooperative Agreement Health Policy Project, Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-10-00067, and Cooperative Agreement Project SOAR (Supporting Operational AIDS Research), number AID-OAA-14-00026. The Health Policy Project is implemented by Futures Group, in collaboration with Plan International USA, Avenir Health (formerly Futures Institute), Partners in Population and Development, Africa Regional Office (PPD ARO), Population Reference Bureau (PRB), RTI International, and the White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood (WRA). The funder was involved in study design, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this paper do not necessarily represent the views or positions of PEPFAR, USAID, or the U.S. Government.; John Stover of Avenir Health developed the DMPPT 2.0 model at the request of USAID, under the USAID-funded Health Policy Project. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Ugandan Ministry of Health for providing the data for this analysis. We thank the PEPFAR VMMC Technical Working Group and colleagues from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Kampala for their feedback, helpful discussion, and information sharing. We thank Melissa Schnure for assistance with some of the analyses, figure preparation, and overall management of the manuscript preparation process. The authors are also grateful to the publications staff at the Health Policy Project for their assistance with copy editing and formatting. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 13 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 7 AR e0158693 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0158693 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DQ9CP UT WOS:000379508300031 PM 27410234 ER PT J AU Kripke, K Okello, V Maziya, V Benzerga, W Mirira, M Gold, E Schnure, M Sgaier, S Castor, D Reed, J Njeuhmeli, E AF Kripke, Katharine Okello, Velephi Maziya, Vusi Benzerga, Wendy Mirira, Munamato Gold, Elizabeth Schnure, Melissa Sgaier, Sema Castor, Delivette Reed, Jason Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in Swaziland: Modeling the Impact of Age Targeting SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TRIAL; MEN AB Background Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention has been a priority for Swaziland since 2009. Initially focusing on men ages 15-49, the Ministry of Health reduced the minimum age for VMMC from 15 to 10 years in 2012, given the existing demand among 10- to 15-year-olds. To understand the implications of focusing VMMC service delivery on specific age groups, the MOH undertook a modeling exercise to inform policy and implementation in 2013-2014. Methods and Findings The impact and cost of circumcising specific age groups were assessed using the Decision Makers' Program Planning Tool, Version 2.0 (DMPPT 2.0), a simple compartmental model. We used age-specific HIV incidence from the Swaziland HIV Incidence Measurement Survey (SHIMS). Population, mortality, births, and HIV prevalence were imported from a national Spectrum/Goals model recently updated in consultation with country stakeholders. Baseline male circumcision prevalence was derived from the most recent Swaziland Demographic and Health Survey. The lowest numbers of VMMCs per HIV infection averted are achieved when males ages 15-19, 20-24, 25-29, and 30-34 are circumcised, although the uncertainty bounds for the estimates overlap. Circumcising males ages 25-29 and 20-24 provides the most immediate reduction in HIV incidence. Circumcising males ages 15-19, 20-24, and 25-29 provides the greatest magnitude incidence reduction within 15 years. The lowest cost per HIV infection averted is achieved by circumcising males ages 15-34: $870 U.S. dollars (USD). Conclusions The potential impact, cost, and cost-effectiveness of VMMC scale-up in Swaziland are not uniform. They vary by the age group of males circumcised. Based on the results of this modeling exercise, the Ministry of Health's Swaziland Male Circumcision Strategic and Operational Plan 2014-2018 adopted an implementation strategy that calls for circumcision to be scaled up to 50% coverage for neonates, 80% among males ages 10-29, and 55% among males ages 30-34. C1 [Kripke, Katharine] Avenir Hlth, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. [Okello, Velephi; Maziya, Vusi] Minist Hlth, Mbabane, Swaziland. [Benzerga, Wendy; Mirira, Munamato] US Agcy Int Dev, Mbabane, Swaziland. [Gold, Elizabeth] Johns Hopkins Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD USA. [Schnure, Melissa] Palladium Grp, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. [Sgaier, Sema] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. [Sgaier, Sema] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. [Castor, Delivette; Reed, Jason] Jhpiego, Baltimore, MD USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Kripke, K (reprint author), Avenir Hlth, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. EM kkripke@avenirhealth.org FU American people through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) [AIDOAA-A-10-00067, AID-OAA-14-00026] FX This manuscript is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) under the Cooperative Agreement Health Policy Project, Agreement No. AIDOAA-A-10-00067, beginning September 30, 2010, and Cooperative Agreement Project SOAR (Supporting Operational AIDS Research), number AID-OAA-14-00026. The Health Policy Project is implemented by Futures Group, in collaboration with Plan International USA, Avenir Health (formerly Futures Institute), Partners in Population and Development, Africa Regional Office (PPD ARO), Population Reference Bureau (PRB), RTI International, and the White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood (WRA). USAID was involved in study design, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this paper do not necessarily represent the views or positions of PEPFAR, USAID, or the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 13 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 7 AR e0156776 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0156776 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DQ9CP UT WOS:000379508300003 PM 27410687 ER PT J AU Kripke, K Chen, PA Vazzano, A Thambinayagam, A Pillay, Y Loykissoonlal, D Bonnecwe, C Barron, P Kiwango, E Castor, D Njeuhmeli, E AF Kripke, Katharine Chen, Ping-An Vazzano, Andrea Thambinayagam, Ananthy Pillay, Yogan Loykissoonlal, Dayanund Bonnecwe, Collen Barron, Peter Kiwango, Eva Castor, Delivette Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Cost and Impact of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in South Africa: Focusing the Program on Specific Age Groups and Provinces SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIV PREVENTION; TRIAL; MEN AB Background In 2012, South Africa set a goal of circumcising 4.3 million men ages 15-49 by 2016. By the end of March 2014, 1.9 million men had received voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC). In an effort to accelerate progress, South Africa undertook a modeling exercise to determine whether circumcising specific client age groups or geographic locations would be particularly impactful or cost-effective. Results will inform South Africa's efforts to develop a national strategy and operational plan for VMMC. Methods and Findings The study team populated the Decision Makers' Program Planning Tool, Version 2.0 (DMPPT 2.0) with HIV incidence projections from the Spectrum/AIDS Impact Module (AIM), as well as national and provincial population and HIV prevalence estimates. We derived baseline circumcision rates from the 2012 South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence and Behaviour Survey. The model showed that circumcising men ages 20-34 offers the most immediate impact on HIV incidence and requires the fewest circumcisions per HIV infection averted. The greatest impact over a 15-year period is achieved by circumcising men ages 15-24. When the model assumes a unit cost increase with client age, men ages 15-29 emerge as the most cost-effective group. When we assume a constant cost for all ages, the most cost-effective age range is 15-34 years. Geographically, the program is cost saving in all provinces; differences in the VMMC program's cost-effectiveness across provinces were obscured by uncertainty in HIV incidence projections. Conclusion The VMMC program's impact and cost-effectiveness vary by age-targeting strategy. A strategy focusing on men ages 15-34 will maximize program benefits. However, because clients older than 25 access VMMC services at low rates, South Africa could consider promoting demand among men ages 25-34, without denying services to those in other age groups. Uncertainty in the provincial estimates makes them insufficient to support geographic targeting. C1 [Kripke, Katharine] Avenir Hlth, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. [Chen, Ping-An; Vazzano, Andrea] Futures Grp Inc, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. [Thambinayagam, Ananthy] US Agcy Int Dev, Pretoria, South Africa. [Pillay, Yogan; Loykissoonlal, Dayanund; Bonnecwe, Collen] Natl Dept Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa. [Barron, Peter] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Publ Hlth, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Kiwango, Eva] Joint United Nations Programme HIV AIDS, Pretoria, South Africa. [Castor, Delivette] US Off Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Kripke, K (reprint author), Avenir Hlth, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. EM kkripke@avenirhealth.org FU American people through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) [AID-OAA-A-10-00067, AID-OAA-14-00026]; USAID; PEPFAR FX This manuscript is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) under the Cooperative Agreement Health Policy Project, Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-10-00067, beginning September 30, 2010, and Cooperative Agreement Project SOAR (Supporting Operational AIDS Research), number AID-OAA-14-00026. The Health Policy Project is implemented by Futures Group, in collaboration with Plan International USA, Avenir Health (formerly Futures Institute), Partners in Population and Development, Africa Regional Office (PPD ARO), Population Reference Bureau (PRB), RTI International, and the White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood (WRA). The funder was involved in study design, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this paper do not necessarily represent the views or positions of PEPFAR, USAID, or the U.S. Government.; John Stover of Avenir Health developed the DMPPT 2.0 model at the request of USAID, under the USAID- and PEPFAR-funded Health Policy Project. The authors gratefully acknowledge the South Africa National Department of Health for providing data and critical feedback and James Ndirangu and Jorge Quevedo of the Clinton Health Access Initiative for providing some of the compiled and cleaned historical program data. We thank Carlos Toledo and Alfred Bere of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States and South Africa, respectively, for their thorough review of and input into the manuscript in its development stages. We thank the PEPFAR VMMC Technical Working Group, colleagues from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Pretoria, Jason Reed, and Sema Sgaier for their feedback, helpful discussion, and information sharing. We also thank Carel Pretorius of Avenir Health for assisting with the provincial analyses in this manuscript. We are also grateful to Melissa Schnure for assistance with some of the analyses, figure preparation, and overall management of the manuscript preparation process. Finally, the authors would like to thank the publications staff at the Health Policy Project for their help with copy editing and formatting. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 13 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 7 AR e0157071 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0157071 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DQ9CP UT WOS:000379508300005 PM 27409079 ER PT J AU Kripke, K Opuni, M Schnure, M Sgaier, S Castor, D Reed, J Njeuhmeli, E Stover, J AF Kripke, Katharine Opuni, Marjorie Schnure, Melissa Sgaier, Sema Castor, Delivette Reed, Jason Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Stover, John TI Age Targeting of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Programs Using the Decision Makers' Program Planning Toolkit (DMPPT) 2.0 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIV PREVENTION; GLOBAL BURDEN; TRIAL; CHALLENGES; MORTALITY; DISEASE; PEOPLE; MEN AB Background Despite considerable efforts to scale up voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention in priority countries over the last five years, implementation has faced important challenges. Seeking to enhance the effect of VMMC programs for greatest and most immediate impact, the U. S. President's Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) supported the development and application of a model to inform national planning in five countries from 2013-2014. Methods and Findings The Decision Makers' Program Planning Toolkit (DMPPT) 2.0 is a simple compartmental model designed to analyze the effects of client age and geography on program impact and cost. The DMPPT 2.0 model was applied in Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, and Uganda to assess the impact and cost of scaling up age-targeted VMMC coverage. The lowest number of VMMCs per HIV infection averted would be produced by circumcising males ages 20-34 in Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda and males ages 15-34 in Swaziland. The most immediate impact on HIV incidence would be generated by circumcising males ages 20-34 in Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda and males ages 20-29 in Swaziland. The greatest reductions in HIV incidence over a 15-year period would be achieved by strategies focused on males ages 10-19 in Uganda, 15-24 in Malawi and South Africa, 10-24 in Tanzania, and 15-29 in Swaziland. In all countries, the lowest cost per HIV infection averted would be achieved by circumcising males ages 15-34, although in Uganda this cost is the same as that attained by circumcising 15- to 49-year-olds. Conclusions The efficiency, immediacy of impact, magnitude of impact, and cost-effectiveness of VMMC scale-up are not uniform; there is important variation by age group of the males circumcised and countries should plan accordingly. C1 [Kripke, Katharine] Avenir Hlth, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. [Opuni, Marjorie] United Nations Joint Programme HIV AIDS UNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. [Schnure, Melissa] Futures Grp Inc, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. [Sgaier, Sema] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. [Sgaier, Sema] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. [Castor, Delivette; Reed, Jason] Off US Global AIDS Coordinator & Hlth Diplomacy, Washington, DC USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Stover, John] Avenir Hlth, Hlth Policy Project, Glastonbury, CT USA. RP Kripke, K (reprint author), Avenir Hlth, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. EM kkripke@avenirhealth.org FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) \ Health Policy Project [AID-OAA-A-10-00067]; USAID FX This work was funded by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) vertical bar Health Policy Project, Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-10-00067, beginning September 30, 2010. The Health Policy Project is implemented by Futures Group, in collaboration with Plan International USA, Avenir Health (formerly Futures Institute), Partners in Population and Development, Africa Regional Office (PPD ARO), Population Reference Bureau (PRB), RTI International, and the White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood (WRA). The funder was involved in study design, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this paper do not necessarily represent the views or positions of USAID or the U.S. Government.; We would like acknowledge Laith J. Abu-Raddad and Susanne F. Awad of the Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar for helpful discussions and for contributing to the analytical framework and model validation. Carel Pretorius, Xan Paxton, and Bernice Kuang from the USAID-funded Health Policy Project provided helpful consultation and assistance with the analyses. The PEPFAR VMMC Technical Working Group-including Naomi Bock, Carlos Toledo, Stephanie Marie Davis, and Dan Rutz from CDC; Anne Thomas from DoD; Jim Shelton, Adolfus Muyoti, Ramona Godbole, and Kim Ahanda from USAID; and Jason Reed from OGAC-contributed to the model framework and provided guidance regarding country model applications. Patrick Odawo and Maaya Sundaram from BMGF; Marelize Gorgens and Nicole Fraser-Hurt from the World Bank; Tin Tin Sint and Rene Ekpini from UNICEF; Julia Samuelson and Rachel Baggely from WHO; Karl Dehne and Celeste Sandoval from UNAIDS; Ade Fakoya from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria; Mitchell Warren from AVAC; and Steven Forsythe from Avenir Health also contributed to the model framework. Timothy Hallett from Imperial College London reviewed and commented on the model in its early phases. We are also grateful to the publications staff of the Health Policy Project for their assistance with copyediting and formatting. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 13 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 7 AR e0156909 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0156909 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DQ9CP UT WOS:000379508300004 PM 27410966 ER PT J AU Kripke, K Perales, N Lija, J Fimbo, B Mlanga, E Mahler, H Juma, JM Baingana, E Plotkin, M Kakiziba, D Semini, I Castor, D Njeuhmeli, E AF Kripke, Katharine Perales, Nicole Lija, Jackson Fimbo, Bennet Mlanga, Eric Mahler, Hally Juma, James McOllogi Baingana, Emmanuel Plotkin, Marya Kakiziba, Deogratias Semini, Iris Castor, Delivette Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI The Economic and Epidemiological Impact of Focusing Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention on Specific Age Groups and Regions in Tanzania SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; YOUNG MEN; RISK AB Background Since its launch in 2010, the Tanzania National Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) Program has focused efforts on males ages 10-34 in 11 priority regions. Implementers have noted that over 70% of VMMC clients are between the ages of 10 and 19, raising questions about whether additional efforts would be required to recruit men age 20 and above. This analysis uses mathematical modeling to examine the economic and epidemiological consequences of scaling up VMMC among specific age groups and priority regions in Tanzania. Methods and Findings Analyses were conducted using the Decision Makers' Program Planning Tool Version 2.0 (DMPPT 2.0), a compartmental model implemented in Microsoft Excel 2010. The model was populated with population, mortality, and HIV incidence and prevalence projections from external sources, including outputs from Spectrum/AIDS Impact Module (AIM). A separate DMPPT 2.0 model was created for each of the 11 priority regions. Tanzania can achieve the most immediate impact on HIV incidence by circumcising males ages 20-34. This strategy would also require the fewest VMMCs for each HIV infection averted. Circumcising men ages 10-24 will have the greatest impact on HIV incidence over a 15-year period. The most cost-effective approach (lowest cost per HIV infection averted) targets men ages 15-34. The model shows the VMMC program is cost saving in all 11 priority regions. VMMC program cost-effectiveness varies across regions due to differences in projected HIV incidence, with the most cost-effective programs in Njombe and Iringa. Conclusions The DMPPT 2.0 results reinforce Tanzania's current VMMC strategy, providing newfound confidence in investing in circumcising adolescents. Tanzanian policy makers and program implementers will continue to focus scale-up of VMMC on men ages 10-34 years, seeking to maximize program impact and cost-effectiveness while acknowledging trends in demand among the younger and older age groups. C1 [Kripke, Katharine] Avenir Hlth, Hlth Policy Project, Glastonbury, CT USA. [Perales, Nicole] Futures Grp Inc, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. [Lija, Jackson; Juma, James McOllogi] Tanzania Natl AIDS Control Program, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Fimbo, Bennet] Independent Consultant, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Mlanga, Eric; Plotkin, Marya] US Agcy Int Dev, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Mahler, Hally] Jhpiego, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Baingana, Emmanuel; Semini, Iris] Joint United Nations Programme HIV AIDS, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Kakiziba, Deogratias] US Dept Def, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Castor, Delivette] Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Kripke, K (reprint author), Avenir Hlth, Hlth Policy Project, Glastonbury, CT USA. EM kkripke@avenirhealth.org FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) \ Health Policy Project [AID-OAA-A-10-00067] FX This work was funded by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) vertical bar Health Policy Project, Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-10-00067, beginning September 30, 2010. The Health Policy Project is implemented by Futures Group, in collaboration with Plan International USA, Avenir Health (formerly Futures Institute), Partners in Population and Development, Africa Regional Office (PPD ARO), Population Reference Bureau (PRB), RTI International, and the White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood (WRA). The funder was involved in study design, analysis of data, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this paper do not necessarily represent the views or positions of USAID or the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 13 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 7 AR e0153363 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0153363 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DQ9CP UT WOS:000379508300001 PM 27410384 ER PT J AU Kripke, K Chimbwandira, F Mwandi, Z Matchere, F Schnure, M Reed, J Castor, D Sgaier, S Njeuhmeli, E AF Kripke, Katharine Chimbwandira, Frank Mwandi, Zebedee Matchere, Faustin Schnure, Melissa Reed, Jason Castor, Delivette Sgaier, Sema Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in Malawi: Modeling the Impact and Cost of Focusing the Program by Client Age and Geography SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TRIAL; HIV/AIDS; MEN AB Background In 2007, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended scaling up voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) in priority countries with high HIV prevalence and low male circumcision (MC) prevalence. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), an estimated 5.8 million males had undergone VMMC by the end of 2013. Implementation experience has raised questions about the need to refocus VMMC programs on specific subpopulations for the greatest epidemiological impact and programmatic effectiveness. As Malawi prepared its national operational plan for VMMC, it sought to examine the impacts of focusing on specific subpopulations by age and region. Methods We used the Decision Makers' Program Planning Toolkit, Version 2.0, to study the impact of scaling up VMMC to different target populations of Malawi. National MC prevalence by age group from the 2010 Demographic and Health Survey was scaled according to the MC prevalence for each district and then halved, to adjust for over-reporting of circumcision. In-country stakeholders advised a VMMC unit cost of $100, based on implementation experience. We derived a cost of $451 per patient-year for antiretroviral therapy from costs collected as part of a strategic planning exercise previously conducted in-country by UNAIDS. Results Over a fifteen-year period, circumcising males ages 10-29 would avert 75% of HIV infections, and circumcising males ages 10-34 would avert 88% of infections, compared to the current strategy of circumcising males ages 15-49. The Ministry of Health's South West and South East health zones had the lowest cost per HIV infection averted. Moreover, VMMC met WHO's definition of cost-effectiveness (that is, the cost per disability-adjusted life-year [DALY] saved was less than three times the per capita gross domestic product) in all health zones except Central East. Comparing urban versus rural areas in the country, we found that circumcising men in urban areas would be both cost-effective and cost-saving, with a VMMC cost per DALY saved of $120 USD and with 15 years of VMMC implementation resulting in lifetime HIV treatment costs savings of $331 million USD. Conclusions Based on the age analyses and programmatic experience, Malawi's VMMC operational plan focuses on males ages 10-34 in all districts in the South East and South West zones, as well as Lilongwe (an urban district in the Central zone). This plan covers 14 of the 28 districts in the country. C1 [Kripke, Katharine] Avenir Hlth, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. [Chimbwandira, Frank] Minist Hlth, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Mwandi, Zebedee] US Agcy Int Dev, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Matchere, Faustin] US Dept Def, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Schnure, Melissa] Futures Grp Inc, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. [Reed, Jason; Castor, Delivette; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Sgaier, Sema] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. [Sgaier, Sema] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA USA. RP Kripke, K (reprint author), Avenir Hlth, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. EM kkripke@avenirhealth.org FU American people through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) [AID-OAA-A-10-00067, AID-OAA-14-00026] FX This manuscript is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) under the Cooperative Agreement Health Policy Project, Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-10-00067, beginning September 30, 2010, and Cooperative Agreement Project SOAR (Supporting Operational AIDS Research), number AID-OAA-14-00026. The Health Policy Project is implemented by Futures Group, in collaboration with Plan International USA, Avenir Health (formerly Futures Institute), Partners in Population and Development, Africa Regional Office (PPD ARO), Population Reference Bureau (PRB), RTI International, and the White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood (WRA). The funder was involved in study design, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this paper do not necessarily represent the views or positions of PEPFAR, USAID, or the U.S. Government. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 13 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 7 AR e0156521 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0156521 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DQ9CP UT WOS:000379508300002 PM 27410474 ER PT J AU Njeuhmeli, E Stegman, P Kripke, K Mugurungi, O Ncube, G Xaba, S Hatzold, K Christensen, A Stover, J AF Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Stegman, Peter Kripke, Katharine Mugurungi, Owen Ncube, Gertrude Xaba, Sinokuthemba Hatzold, Karin Christensen, Alice Stover, John TI Modeling Costs and Impacts of Introducing Early Infant Male Circumcision for Long-Term Sustainability of the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Program SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIV PREVENTION; TRIAL; MEN AB Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) has been shown to be an effective prevention strategy against HIV infection in males [1-3]. Since 2007, the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has supported VMMC programs in 14 priority countries in Africa. Today several of these countries are preparing to transition their VMMC programs from a scale-up and expansion phase to a maintenance phase. As they do so, they must consider the best approaches to sustain high levels of male circumcision in the population. The two alternatives under consideration are circumcising adolescents 10-14 years old over the long term or integrating early infant male circumcision (EIMC) into maternal and child health programs. The paper presents an analysis, using the Decision Makers Program Planning Tool, Version 2.0 (DMPPT 2.0), of the estimated cost and impact of introducing EIMC into existing VMMC programs in several countries in eastern and southern Africa. Limited cost data exist for the implementation of EIMC, but preliminary studies, such as the one detailed in Mangenah, et al. [4-5], suggest that the cost of EIMC may be less than that of adolescent and adult male circumcision. If this is the case, then adding EIMC to the VMMC program will increase the number of circumcisions that need to be performed but will not increase the total cost of the program over the long term. In addition, we found that a delayed or slow start-up of EIMC would not substantially reduce the impact of adding it to the program or increase cumulative long-term costs, which should make introduction of EIMC more feasible and attractive to countries contemplating such a program innovation. C1 [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Stegman, Peter; Kripke, Katharine; Stover, John] Avenir Hlth, Hlth Policy Project, Glastonbury, CT USA. [Mugurungi, Owen; Ncube, Gertrude; Xaba, Sinokuthemba] Minist Hlth & Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Hatzold, Karin] Populat Serv Int, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Christensen, Alice] AIDSFree Project, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Njeuhmeli, E (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM enjeuhmeli@usaid.gov FU American people through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) [AID-OAA-A-10-00067, AID-OAA-14-00026]; USAID FX This manuscript is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) under the Cooperative Agreement Health Policy Project, Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-10-00067, beginning September 30, 2010, and Cooperative Agreement Project SOAR (Supporting Operational AIDS Research), number AID-OAA-14-00026. The Health Policy Project is implemented by Futures Group, in collaboration with Plan International USA, Avenir Health (formerly Futures Institute), Partners in Population and Development, Africa Regional Office (PPD ARO), Population Reference Bureau (PRB), RTI International, and the White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood (WRA). The funder was involved in study design, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this paper do not necessarily represent the views or positions of PEPFAR, USAID, or the U.S. Government.; John Stover of Avenir Health developed the DMPPT 2.0 model at the request of USAID, under the USAID-funded Health Policy Project. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care for providing data for this analysis. We also thank the United Nations Children's Fund and the PEPFAR VMMC Technical Working Group for their feedback, helpful discussion, and information sharing. We thank Melissa Schnure for assistance with some of the analyses, figure preparation, and overall management of the manuscript preparation process. The authors are also grateful to the publications staff at AIDSFree for their assistance with copy editing and formatting. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 13 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 7 AR e0159167 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0159167 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DQ9CP UT WOS:000379508300064 PM 27410233 ER PT J AU Inguane, CA Gloyd, S Manuel, JL Brown, C Wong, V Augusto, O Hassan, WM Vieira, L Afonso, P Jamnadas, M Bernard, JJ Cowan, J Kalibala, S Pfeiffer, J AF Inguane, Celso Azarias Gloyd, Stephen Manuel, Joao Luis Brown, Charlene Wong, Vincent Augusto, Orvalho Hassan, Wisal Mustafa Vieira, Lucia Afonso, Pires Jamnadas, Mehol Bernard, Jama Joy Cowan, James Kalibala, Samuel Pfeiffer, James TI Assessment of linkages from HIV testing to enrolment and retention in HIV care in Central Mozambique SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE linkages; retention; HIV care; treatment; Mozambique ID FOLLOW-UP; BARRIERS; FACILITATORS; INTEGRATION; TANZANIA; SERVICES AB Introduction: Effectiveness of the rapid expansion of ant retroviral therapy (ART) throughout sub-Saharan Africa is highly dependent on adequate enrolment and retention in HIV care. However, the measurement of both has been challenging in these settings. This study aimed to assess enrolment and retention in HIV care (pre-ART and ART) among HIV-positive adults in Central Mozambique, including identification of barriers and facilitators. Methods: We assessed linkages to and retention in HIV care using a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach in six districts of Manica and Sofala provinces. We analyzed routine district and health facility monthly reports and HIV care registries from April 2012 to March 2013 and used single imputation and trimmed means to adjust for missing values. In eight health facilities in the same districts and period, we assessed retention in HIV care among 795 randomly selected adult patient charts (15 years and older). We also conducted 25 focus group discussions and 53 in-depth interviews with HIV-positive adults, healthcare providers and community members to identify facilitators and barriers to enrolment and retention in HIV care. Results: Overall, 46% of the monthly HIV testing reports expected at the district level were missing, compared to 6.4% of the pre-ART registry reports. After adjustment for missing values, we estimated that the aggregate numbers of adults registered in pre-ART was 75% of the number of persons tested HIV-positive in the six districts. In the eight health facilities, 40% of the patient charts for adults enrolled in pre-ART and 44% in ART were missing. Of those on ART for whom charts were found, retention in treatment within 90 and 60 days prior to the study team visit was 34 and 25%, respectively. Combining these multiple data sources, the overall estimated retention was 18% in our sample. Individual-level factors were perceived to be key influences to enrolment in HIV care, while health facility and structural-level factors were perceived to be key influences of retention. Conclusions: Efforts to increase linkages to and retention in HIV care should address individual, health facility, and structural level factors in Central Mozambique. However, their outcomes cannot be reliably assessed without improving the quality of routine health information systems. C1 [Inguane, Celso Azarias] Univ Washington, Dept Anthropol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Inguane, Celso Azarias; Gloyd, Stephen; Augusto, Orvalho; Hassan, Wisal Mustafa; Afonso, Pires; Bernard, Jama Joy; Cowan, James; Pfeiffer, James] Hlth Alliance Int, Seattle, WA USA. [Gloyd, Stephen; Augusto, Orvalho; Hassan, Wisal Mustafa; Pfeiffer, James] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Manuel, Joao Luis; Vieira, Lucia; Jamnadas, Mehol] Minist Hlth, CIOB, Beira, Mozambique. [Brown, Charlene; Wong, Vincent] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Augusto, Orvalho] Univ Eduardo Mondlane, Fac Med, Maputo, Mozambique. [Augusto, Orvalho] Manhica Res Ctr CISM, Manhica, Mozambique. [Kalibala, Samuel] Populat Council, HIVCore, Washington, DC USA. RP Inguane, CA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Box 353100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM celsoi@uw.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI027757] NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AIDS SOCIETY PI GENEVA PA AVENUE DE FRANCE 23, GENEVA, 1202, SWITZERLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 19 SU 4 AR 20846 DI 10.7448/1A5.19.5.20846 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EM6AA UT WOS:000395394000007 PM 27443273 ER PT J AU Okoboi, S Ssali, L Yansaneh, AI Bakanda, C Birungi, J Nantume, S Okullu, JL Sharp, AR Moore, DM Kalibala, S AF Okoboi, Stephen Ssali, Livingstone Yansaneh, Aisha I. Bakanda, Celestin Birungi, Josephine Nantume, Sophie Okullu, Joanne Lyavala Sharp, Alana R. Moore, David M. Kalibala, Samuel TI Factors associated with long-term antiretroviral therapy attrition among adolescents in rural Uganda: a retrospective study SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adolescents; HIV treatment; antiretroviral therapy; retention; attrition; community-based delivery; Uganda ID HIV-INFECTED ADOLESCENTS; RETENTION; CARE; HEALTH; INTERVENTIONS; ADHERENCE; COUNTRIES; HIV/AIDS; OUTCOMES; CHILDREN AB Introduction: As access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases, the success of treatment programmes depends on ensuring high patient retention in HIV care. We examined retention and attrition among adolescents in ART programmes across clinics operated by The AIDS Support Organization (TASO) in Uganda, which has operated both facility-and community-based distribution models of ART delivery since 2004. Methods: Using a retrospective cohort analysis of patient-level clinical data, we examined attrition and retention in HIV care and factors associated with attrition among HIV-positive adolescents aged 10-19 years who initiated ART at 10 TASO clinics between January 2006 and December 2011. Retention in care was defined as the proportion of adolescents who had had at least one facility visit within the six months prior to 1 June 2013, and attrition was defined as the proportion of adolescents who died, were lost to follow-up, or stopped treatment. Descriptive statistics and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine the levels of retention in HIV care and the factors associated with attrition following ART initiation. Results: A total of 1228 adolescents began ART between 2006 and 2011, of whom 57% were female. The median duration in HIV care was four years (IQR = 3 - 6 years). A total of 792 (65%) adolescents were retained in care over the five-year period; 36 (3%) had died or transferred out and 400 (32%) were classified as loss to follow-up. Factors associated with attrition included being older (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02 - 1.86), having a higher CD4 count (250 + cells/mm(3)) at treatment initiation (AHR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.34 - 0.69) and HIV care site with a higher risk of attrition among adolescents in Gulu (AHR = 2.26; 95% CI 1.27 - 4.02) and Masindi (AHR = 3.30, 95% CI 1.87 - 5.84) and a lower risk of attrition in Jinja (AHR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.08 - 0.70). Having an advanced WHO clinical stage at initiation was not associated with attrition. Conclusions: We found an overall retention rate of 65%, which is comparable to rates achieved by TASO's adult patients and adolescents in other studies in Africa. Variations in the risk of attrition by TASO treatment site and by clinical and demographic characteristics suggest the need for early diagnosis of HIV infection, use of innovative approaches to reach and retain adolescents living with HIV in treatment and identifying specific groups, such as older adolescents, that are at high risk of dropping out of treatment for targeted care and support. C1 [Okoboi, Stephen; Ssali, Livingstone; Bakanda, Celestin; Birungi, Josephine; Nantume, Sophie; Okullu, Joanne Lyavala] AIDS Support Org TASO, Mulago Hosp Complex,POB 10443, Kampala, Uganda. [Yansaneh, Aisha I.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Global Hlth Bur, Arlington, VA USA. [Sharp, Alana R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Management & Policy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Moore, David M.] BC Ctr Excellence HIV AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Moore, David M.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Med, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Kalibala, Samuel] HIV Core Populat Council Washington, Washington, DC USA. RP Okoboi, S (reprint author), AIDS Support Org TASO, Mulago Hosp Complex,POB 10443, Kampala, Uganda. EM stephenokoboi@yahoo.co.uk FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief; U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) via HIVCore; USAID under the Project SEARCH indefinite quantity [AID-OAA-TO-11-00060] FX This study was made possible through the support provided by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) via HIVCore, a Task Order funded by USAID under the Project SEARCH indefinite quantity contract (Contract No. AID-OAA-TO-11-00060). The Task Order is led by the Population Council in partnership with the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Palladium, and the University of Washington. The authors' views expressed in this manuscript do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AIDS SOCIETY PI GENEVA PA AVENUE DE FRANCE 23, GENEVA, 1202, SWITZERLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 19 SU 4 AR 20841 DI 10.7448/IAS.19.5.20841 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EM6AA UT WOS:000395394000003 PM 27443271 ER PT J AU Rutenberg, N Tun, W Borse, NN AF Rutenberg, Naomi Tun, Waimar Borse, Nagesh N. TI Lessons learned and study results from HIVCore: an HIV implementation science initiative SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEX C1 [Rutenberg, Naomi; Tun, Waimar] Populat Council, HIV & AIDS Program, 4301 Connecticut Ave,NW Suite 280, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Borse, Nagesh N.] US Agcy Int Dev, Div Res, Off HIV & AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Tun, W (reprint author), Populat Council, HIV & AIDS Program, 4301 Connecticut Ave,NW Suite 280, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM wtun@popcouncil.org RI BORSE, NAGESH/D-4631-2016 OI BORSE, NAGESH/0000-0001-6512-1872 FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief; U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) through a Task Order - USAID under the Project SEARCH indefinite quantity [AID-OAA-TO-11-00060] FX This manuscript was made possible through the support provided by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) through a Task Order funded by USAID under the Project SEARCH indefinite quantity contract (Contract No. AID-OAA-TO-11-00060). The Task Order is led by the Population Council in partnership with the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Palladium, and the University of Washington. The authors' views expressed in this manuscript do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States government. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AIDS SOCIETY PI GENEVA PA AVENUE DE FRANCE 23, GENEVA, 1202, SWITZERLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 19 SU 4 AR 21194 DI 10.7448/IAS.19.5.21194 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EM6AA UT WOS:000395394000001 PM 27443275 ER PT J AU Vu, L Waliggo, S Zieman, B Jani, N Buzaalirwa, L Okoboi, S Okal, J Borse, NN Kalibala, S AF Vu, Lung Waliggo, Samuel Zieman, Brady Jani, Nrupa Buzaalirwa, Lydia Okoboi, Stephen Okal, Jerry Borse, Nagesh N. Kalibala, Samuel TI Annual cost of antiretroviral therapy among three service delivery models in Uganda SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ART; cost; efficiency; task-shifting; community-based ART; Uganda ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; SOUTH-AFRICA; HIV; CARE AB Introduction: In response to the increasing burden of HIV, the Ugandan government has employed different service delivery models since 2004 that aim to reduce costs and remove barriers to accessing HIV care. These models include community-based approaches to delivering antiretroviral therapy (ART) and delegating tasks to lower-level health workers. This study aimed to provide data on annual ART cost per client among three different service delivery models in Uganda. Methods: Costing data for the entire year 2012 were retrospectively collected as part of a larger task-shifting study conducted in three organizations in Uganda: Kitovu Mobile (KM), the AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) and Uganda Cares (UC). A standard cost data capture tool was developed and used to retrospectively collect cost information regarding antiretroviral (ARV) drugs and non-ARV drugs, ART-related lab tests, personnel and administrative costs. A random sample of four TASO centres (out of 11), four UC clinics (out of 29) and all KM outreach units were selected for the study. Results: Cost varied across sites within each organization as well as across the three organizations. In addition, the number of annual ART visits was more frequent in rural areas and through KM (the community distribution model), which played a major part in the overall annual ART cost. The annual cost per client (in USD) was $404 for KM, $332 for TASO and $257 for UC. These estimates were lower than previous analyses in Uganda or the region compared to data from 2001 to 2009, but comparable with recent estimates using data from 2010 to 2013. ARV5 accounted for the majority of the total cost, followed by personnel and operational costs. Conclusions: The study provides updated data on annual cost per ART visit for three service delivery models in Uganda. These data will be vital for in-country budgetary efforts to ensure that universal access to ART, as called for in the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, is achievable. The lower annual ART cost found in this study indicates that we may be able to treat all people with HIV as laid out in the 2015 WHO guidelines. The variation of costs across sites and the three models indicates the potential for efficiency gains. C1 [Vu, Lung; Zieman, Brady; Jani, Nrupa; Kalibala, Samuel] Populat Council, Washington, DC USA. [Waliggo, Samuel] Kitovu Mobile AIDS Org, Masaka, Uganda. [Buzaalirwa, Lydia] Uganda Cares, Kampala, Uganda. [Okoboi, Stephen] AIDS Support Org, Kampala, Uganda. [Okal, Jerry] Populat Council, Nairobi, Kenya. [Borse, Nagesh N.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Vu, L (reprint author), 4301 Connecticut Ave NW,Ste 280, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM lung.vu@gmail.com RI BORSE, NAGESH/D-4631-2016 OI BORSE, NAGESH/0000-0001-6512-1872 FU PEPFAR; US Agency for International Development (USAID) via HIVCore; USAID [AID-OAA-TO-11-00060] FX This study was made possible through support provided by PEPFAR and the US Agency for International Development (USAID) via HIVCore, a task order funded by USAID under the Project SEARCH indefinite quantity contract (contract no. AID-OAA-TO-11-00060). The task order is led by the Population Council in partnership with the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Palladium and the University of Washington. The authors' views expressed in this manuscript do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States government. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AIDS SOCIETY PI GENEVA PA AVENUE DE FRANCE 23, GENEVA, 1202, SWITZERLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 19 SU 4 AR 20840 DI 10.7448/IAS.19.5.20840 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EM6AA UT WOS:000395394000008 PM 27443270 ER PT J AU Woelk, GB Ndatimana, D Behan, S Mukaminega, M Nyirabahizi, E Hoffman, HJ Mugwaneza, P Ribakare, M Amzel, A Phelps, BR AF Woelk, Godfrey B. Ndatimana, Dieudonne Behan, Sally Mukaminega, Martha Nyirabahizi, Epiphanie Hoffman, Heather J. Mugwaneza, Placidie Ribakare, Muhayimpundu Amzel, Anouk Phelps, B. Ryan TI Retention of mothers and infants in the prevention of mother-tochild transmission of HIV programme is associated with individual and facility-level factors in Rwanda SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE PMTCT; retention; health facilities; sub-Sahara Africa; Rwanda; mother-infant pairs ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; ATTRITION; TANZANIA; AFRICA; TRIAL; CARE AB Objectives: Investigate levels of retention at specified time periods along the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) cascade among mother-infant pairs as well as individual-and facility-level factors associated with retention. Methods: A retrospective cohort of HIV-positive pregnant women and their infants attending five health centres from November 2010 to February 2012 in the Option B programme in Rwanda was established. Data were collected from several health registers and patient follow-up files. Additionally, informant interviews were conducted to ascertain health facility characteristics. Generalized estimating equation methods and modelling were utilized to estimate the number of mothers attending each antenatal care visit and assess factors associated with retention. Results: Data from 457 pregnant women and 462 infants were collected at five different health centres (three urban and two rural facilities). Retention at 30 days after registration and retention at 6 weeks, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-delivery were analyzed. Based on an analytical sample of 348, we found that 58% of women and 81% of infants were retained in care within the same health facility at 12 months post-delivery, respectively. However, for mother-infant paired mothers, retention at 12 months was 74% and 79% for their infants. Loss to facility occurred early, with 26% to 33% being lost within 30 days post-registration. In a multivariable model retention was associated with being married, adjusted relative risk (ARR): 1.26, (95% confidence intervals: 1.11, 1.43); antiretroviral therapy eligible, ARR: 1.39, (1.12, 1.73) and CD4 count per 50 mm 3, ARR: 1.02, (1.01, 1.03). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate varying retention levels among mother-infant pairs along the PMTCT cascade in addition to potential determinants of retention to such programmes. Unmarried, apparently healthy, HIV-positive pregnant women need additional support for programme retention. With the significantly increased workload resulting from lifelong antiretroviral treatment for all HIV-positive pregnant women, strategies need to be developed to identify, provide support and trace these women at risk of loss to follow-up. This study provides further evidence for the need for such a targeted supportive approach. C1 [Woelk, Godfrey B.; Nyirabahizi, Epiphanie] Elizabeth Glaser Pediat AIDS Fdn, Washington, DC USA. [Ndatimana, Dieudonne; Mukaminega, Martha] Elizabeth Glaser Pediat AIDS Fdn, Kigali, Rwanda. [Behan, Sally; Hoffman, Heather J.] George Washington Univ, Milken Inst Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Washington, DC USA. [Mugwaneza, Placidie; Ribakare, Muhayimpundu] Rwanda Biomed Ctr, Minist Hlth, Kigali, Rwanda. [Amzel, Anouk; Phelps, B. Ryan] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Woelk, GB (reprint author), 1140 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM gwoelk@pedaids.org FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief; United States Agency for International Development (USAID) via HIVCore; USAID under the Project SEARCH indefinite quantity [AID-OAA-TO-11-00060] FX This study was made possible through support provided by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) via HIVCore, a Task Order funded by USAID under the Project SEARCH indefinite quantity contract (Contract No. AID-OAA-TO-11-00060). The Task Order is led by the Population Council in partnership with the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Palladium, and the University of Washington. The authors' views expressed in this manuscript do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AIDS SOCIETY PI GENEVA PA AVENUE DE FRANCE 23, GENEVA, 1202, SWITZERLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 19 SU 4 AR 20837 DI 10.7448/IAS.19.5.20837 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EM6AA UT WOS:000395394000002 PM 27443268 ER PT J AU Amuri, M Msemo, G Plotkin, M Christensen, A Boyee, D Mahler, H Phafoli, S Njozi, M Hellar, A Mlanga, E Yansaneh, A Njeuhmeli, E Lija, J AF Amuri, Mbaraka Msemo, Georgina Plotkin, Marya Christensen, Alice Boyee, Dorica Mahler, Hally Phafoli, Semakaleng Njozi, Mustafa Hellar, Augustino Mlanga, Erick Yansaneh, Aisha Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Lija, Jackson TI Bringing Early Infant Male Circumcision Information Home to the Family: Demographic Characteristics and Perspectives of Clients in a Pilot Project in Tanzania SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID HIV PREVENTION; TRIAL; KENYA; MEN AB During a pilot project in Tanzania's Iringa region, more than 2,000 male infants were circumcised in less than 2 years in 8 facilities, representing 16.4% of all male births in those facilities. The age of the infant at circumcision and the time of return for follow-up visits varied significantly between urban and rural dwellers. Early infant male circumcision (EIMC) outreach activities and use of health outposts for follow-up visits should be explored to overcome these geographic barriers. EIMC programs will also require targeted investments in demand creation, especially among fathers, to expand and thrive in traditionally non-circumcising settings such as Iringa. Iringa region of Tanzania has had great success reaching targets for voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC). Looking to sustain high coverage of male circumcision, the government introduced a pilot project to offer early infant male circumcision (EIMC) in Iringa in 2013. From April 2013 to December 2014, a total of 2,084 male infants were circumcised in 8 health facilities in the region, representing 16.4% of all male infants born in those facilities. Most circumcisions took place 7 days or more after birth. The procedure proved safe, with only 3 mild and 3 moderate adverse events (0.4% overall adverse event rate). Overall, 93% of infants were brought back for a second-day visit and 71% for a seventh-day visit. These percentages varied significantly by urban and rural residence (97.4% urban versus 84.6% rural for day 2 visit; 82.2% urban versus 49.9% rural for day 7 visit). Mothers were more likely than fathers to have received information about EIMC. However, fathers tended to be key decision makers regarding circumcision of their sons. This suggests the importance of addressing fathers with behavioral change communication about EIMC. Successes in scaling up VMMC services in Iringa did not translate into immediate acceptability of EIMC. EIMC programs will require targeted investments in demand creation to expand and thrive in traditionally non-circumcising settings such as Iringa. C1 [Amuri, Mbaraka; Christensen, Alice; Boyee, Dorica; Mahler, Hally; Njozi, Mustafa; Hellar, Augustino] Jhpiego, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Amuri, Mbaraka; Christensen, Alice; Boyee, Dorica; Mahler, Hally; Njozi, Mustafa; Hellar, Augustino] AIDSFree, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Msemo, Georgina; Lija, Jackson] Minist Hlth Community Dev Gender Elderly & Childr, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Plotkin, Marya] Jhpiego, Baltimore, MD USA. [Plotkin, Marya] AIDSFree, Baltimore, MD USA. [Phafoli, Semakaleng] Jhpiego, Maseru, Lesotho. [Mlanga, Erick] USAID, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Yansaneh, Aisha; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Christensen, A (reprint author), Jhpiego, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.; Christensen, A (reprint author), AIDSFree, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. EM alice.christensen@jhpiego.org FU United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) [GHS-A-00-08-00002-000, AID-OAA-A-11-00050, AID-OAA-A-14-00046]; regional medical authority of Iringa region; regional medical authority of Njombe region FX The MOHSW of Tanzania rolled out the EIMC pilot project with technical support from Jhpiego. The authors would like to acknowledge the participants in this study and the regional medical authorities of Iringa and Njombe regions for their support of the study and for their outstanding dedication to reducing HIV infection in their regions. Thanks to Yusuph Kassim Kulindwa for creating the map in Figure 1. The United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) supported the program described in this paper through programs of the United States Agency for International Development: MCHIP (under Cooperative Agreement #GHS-A-00-08-00002-000), Accelovate (under Cooperative Agreement #AID-OAA-A-11-00050), and Strengthening High-Impact Interventions for an AIDS-Free Generation (AIDSFree) (under Cooperative Agreement #AID-OAA-A-14-00046). The opinions herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH-SCI PRAC JI Glob. Health PD JUL 1 PY 2016 VL 4 SU 1 BP S29 EP S41 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00210 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EG6VM UT WOS:000391184400005 PM 27413081 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, L Benzerga, W Mirira, M Adamu, T Shissler, T Bitchong, R Malaza, M Mamba, M Mangara, P Curran, K Khumalo, T Mlambo, P Njeuhmeli, E Maziya, V AF Fitzgerald, Laura Benzerga, Wendy Mirira, Munamato Adamu, Tigistu Shissler, Tracey Bitchong, Raymond Malaza, Mandla Mamba, Makhosini Mangara, Paul Curran, Kelly Khumalo, Thembisile Mlambo, Phumzile Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Maziya, Vusi TI Scaling Up Early Infant Male Circumcision: Lessons From the Kingdom of Swaziland SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID HIV PREVENTION; TRIAL; MEN AB Swaziland is the first country to introduce national early infant male circumcision (EIMC) into voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programming for HIV prevention. With more than 5,000 EIMCs performed between 2010 and 2014, Swaziland learned that EIMC requires inclusion of stakeholders within and outside of HIV prevention bodies; robust support at the facility, regional, and national levels; and informed demand. Expansion of EIMC and VMMC has the potential to avert more than 56,000 HIV infections in Swaziland over the next 20 years. Background: The government of the Kingdom of Swaziland recognizes that it must urgently scale up HIV prevention interventions, such as voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC). Swaziland has adopted a 2-phase approach to male circumcision scale-up. The catch-up phase prioritizes VMMC services for adolescents and adults, while the sustainability phase involves the establishment of early infant male circumcision (EIMC). Swaziland does not have a modern-day tradition of circumcision, and the VMMC program has met with client demand challenges. However, since the launch of the EIMC program in 2010, Swaziland now leads the Eastern and Southern Africa region in the scale-up of EIMC. Here we review Swaziland's program and its successes and challenges. Methods: From February to May 2014, we collected data while preparing Swaziland's "Male Circumcision Strategic and Operational Plan for HIV Prevention 2014-2018." We conducted structured stakeholder focus group discussions and in-depth interviews, and we collected EIMC service delivery data from an implementing partner responsible for VMMC and EIMC service delivery. Data were summarized in consolidated narratives. Results: Between 2010 and 2014, trained providers performed more than 5,000 EIMCs in 11 health care facilities in Swaziland, and they reported no moderate or severe adverse events. According to a broad group of EIMC program stakeholders, an EIMC program needs robust support from facility, regional, and national leadership, both within and outside of HIV prevention coordination bodies, to promote institutionalization and ownership. Providers and health care managers in 3 of Swaziland's 4 regional hospitals suggest that when EIMC is introduced into reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health platforms, dedicated staff attention can help ensure that EIMC is performed amid competing priorities. Creating informed demand from communities also supports EIMC as a service delivery priority. Formative research shows that EIMC programs should address the fears and anxieties of parents so that they, especially fathers, understand the health benefits of EIMC before the birth of their babies. Conclusion: The vast majority of public-sector facilities in Swaziland are led by nurses, and nurses and midwives have borne the brunt of caring for patients with HIV/AIDS in Swaziland. Like prevention of mother-to-child transmission, EIMC provides an opportunity for nurses and midwives to stand at the forefront of HIV prevention efforts. Rapid scale-up of VMMC and EIMC in Swaziland has the potential to avert more than 56,000 HIV infections and save US$370 million in the next 20 years. C1 [Fitzgerald, Laura; Adamu, Tigistu; Shissler, Tracey; Curran, Kelly] Jhpiego, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. [Benzerga, Wendy; Mirira, Munamato] USAID, Mbabane, Swaziland. [Bitchong, Raymond] Raleigh Fitkin Mem Hosp, Manzini, Swaziland. [Malaza, Mandla] Populat Serv Int, Mbabane, Swaziland. [Mamba, Makhosini] United Nations Childrens Fund UNICEF, Mbabane, Swaziland. [Mangara, Paul] Family Life Assoc Swaziland, Manzini, Swaziland. [Khumalo, Thembisile; Mlambo, Phumzile] Swaziland Minist Hlth, Mbabane, Swaziland. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Maziya, Vusi] Swaziland Natl AIDS Program, Mbabane, Swaziland. RP Fitzgerald, L (reprint author), Jhpiego, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. EM laura.fitzgerald@jhpiego.org FU PEPFAR through USAID's Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) [GHS-A-00-08-00002-00] FX This paper was funded by PEPFAR through USAID's Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP), under Cooperative Agreement GHS-A-00-08-00002-00. The opinions herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH-SCI PRAC JI Glob. Health PD JUL 1 PY 2016 VL 4 SU 1 BP S76 EP S86 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00186 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EG6VM UT WOS:000391184400009 PM 27413086 ER PT J AU Kikaya, V Kakaire, R Thompson, E Ramokhele, M Adamu, T Curran, K Njeuhmeli, E AF Kikaya, Virgile Kakaire, Rajab Thompson, Elizabeth Ramokhele, Mareitumetse Adamu, Tigistu Curran, Kelly Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Scale-Up of Early Infant Male Circumcision Services for HIV Prevention in Lesotho: A Review of Facilitating Factors and Challenges SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Review ID MEDICAL MALE CIRCUMCISION; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ACCEPTABILITY; LUSAKA; ZAMBIA; KENYA AB Key elements of Lesotho's phased introduction of early infant male circumcision were strong commitment from the Ministry of Health and donors; adequate training and supervision; integration with maternal, newborn, and child health; and appropriate communication. Challenges around cultural acceptance, the availability of health care providers, and task sharing will need to be addressed. Background: The World Health Organization and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS recommend early infant male circumcision (EIMC) as a component of male circumcision programs in countries with high HIV prevalence and low circumcision rates. Lesotho began incorporating EIMC into routine maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) services in 2013 with funding from the United States Agency for International Development and United Nations Children's Fund. This presented unique challenges: Lesotho had no previous experience with EIMC and cultural traditions link removal of the foreskin to rites of passage. This process evaluation provides an overview of EIMC implementation. Methodology: The Lesotho Ministry of Health and Jhpiego conducted a baseline assessment before service implementation. Baseline information from an initial assessment was used to develop and implement an EIMC program that had a pilot and a scale-up phase. Key program activities such as staff training, quality assurance, and demand creation were included at the program design phase. Facilitating factors and challenges were identified from a review of information collected during the baseline assessment as well as the pilot. Results: Between September 2013 and March 2015, 592 infants were circumcised at 9 sites: 165 (28%) between 1 day and 6 days after birth; 196 (33%) between 7 and 30 days, and 231 (39%) between 31 and 60 days. Facilitating factors included strong support from the Ministry of Health, collaboration with stakeholders, and donor funding. Providers were enthusiastic about the opportunity to offer new services and receive training. Challenges included gaining consent from family members other than mothers, and parents' concern about pain and complications. The EIMC program also had to manage providers' expectations of compensation because overtime was paid to providers who took part in adult circumcision programming but not for EIMC. Limited human resources, including authorization only for doctors to perform EIMC, impeded provision of services. Conclusion: Despite communication, compensation, and task-shifting challenges, integrating EIMC services with MNCH services could be a sustainable model for EIMC service delivery in Lesotho. C1 [Kikaya, Virgile; Kakaire, Rajab; Ramokhele, Mareitumetse] Jhpiego, Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho. [Thompson, Elizabeth; Adamu, Tigistu; Curran, Kelly] Jhpiego, Baltimore, MD USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Div Global HIV AIDS, Washington, DC USA. RP Kikaya, V (reprint author), Jhpiego, Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho. EM virgile.kikaya@jhpiego.org FU PEPFAR through USAID's Accelovate program, under the Technologies for Health (HealthTech) grant [AID-OAA-A-11-00050]; UNICEF Lesotho FX This research was funded by PEPFAR through USAID's Accelovate program, Cooperative Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-11-00050 under the Technologies for Health (HealthTech) grant as well as UNICEF Lesotho financial and technical support. The opinions herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or UNICEF. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH-SCI PRAC JI Glob. Health PD JUL 1 PY 2016 VL 4 SU 1 BP S87 EP S96 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00231 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EG6VM UT WOS:000391184400010 PM 27413087 ER PT J AU Njeuhmeli, E Gorgens, M Gold, E Sanders, R Lija, J Christensen, A Benson, FN Mziray, E Ahanda, KS Kaliel, D Sint, TT Luo, CW AF Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Gorgens, Marelize Gold, Elizabeth Sanders, Rachel Lija, Jackson Christensen, Alice Benson, Francis Ndwiga Mziray, Elizabeth Ahanda, Kim Seifert Kaliel, Deborah Sint, Tin Tin Luo, Chewe TI Scaling Up and Sustaining Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Maintaining HIV Prevention Benefits SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFANT MALE CIRCUMCISION; ACCEPTABILITY AB To maintain high circumcision prevalence, voluntary medical male circumcision programs in Eastern and Southern Africa need to plan for sustainability and conduct transition assessments early on, rather than waiting until the saturation of priority targets at the end of the program. C1 [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel; Ahanda, Kim Seifert; Kaliel, Deborah] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Gorgens, Marelize; Mziray, Elizabeth; Sint, Tin Tin] World Bank, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Gold, Elizabeth] Johns Hopkins Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD USA. [Sanders, Rachel] Avenir Hlth, Project SOAR, Washington, DC USA. [Lija, Jackson] Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Christensen, Alice] AIDSFree Tanzania, Jhpiego, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Benson, Francis Ndwiga] Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. [Luo, Chewe] United Nations Childrens Fund UNICEF, New York, NY USA. RP Njeuhmeli, E (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM enjeuhmeli@usaid.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH-SCI PRAC JI Glob. Health PD JUL 1 PY 2016 VL 4 SU 1 BP S9 EP S17 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00159 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EG6VM UT WOS:000391184400003 PM 27413088 ER PT J AU Cheng, AS Gutierrez, RJ Cashen, S Becker, DR Gunn, J Merrill, A Ganz, D Liquori, M Saah, DS Price, W AF Cheng, Antony S. Gutierrez, R. J. Cashen, Scott Becker, Dennis R. Gunn, John Merrill, Amy Ganz, David Liquori, Michael Saah, David S. Price, William TI Is There a Place for Legislating Place-Based Collaborative Forestry Proposals?: Examining the Herger-Feinstein Quincy Library Group Forest Recovery Act Pilot Project SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Review DE collaboration; national forest policy; monitoring; USDA Forest Service ID LANDSCAPE RESTORATION PROGRAM; INDUSTRY JOB LOSSES; SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; SPOTTED OWLS; LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; FIRE BEHAVIOR; SCIENCE; DESIGN AB In 1993, a group of national forest stakeholders, the Quincy Library Group, crafted a proposal that intended to reduce wildfire risk, protect the California spotted owl ( Strix occidentalis occidentalis), restore watersheds, and enhance community stability by ensuring a predictable supply of timber for area sawmills and biomass for energy plants. The Herger-Feinstein Quincy Library Group Forest Recovery Act of 1998 codified this proposal, directing the USDA Forest Service to conduct forest treatments on 40,000-60,000 acres per year by creating defensible fuel profile zones and logging by group-and individual tree-selection methods. The law also designated an Independent Science Panel to review monitoring studies, administrative studies, and research to assess efficacy of the implementation and achievement of goals. Although several goals were achieved, implementation fell short of treatment and volume goals, and evidence was lacking to make conclusive judgments about environmental impacts. Shortcomings were due to differing interpretations of the Act's prescriptive intent, changes in management direction, compounding economic factors, appeals and litigation, variation in site-specific forest conditions, and variation in approaches among national forests and districts. Most notable was a lack of monitoring of the treatment effects on California spotted owl populations and other environmental concerns. These findings suggest that attempts to legislate prescriptive, collaboratively developed proposals may not account for the complex biophysical, management, social, and economic contexts within which national forest management occurs. These findings also suggest that current national forest policies and directives promoting collaboration should also be accompanied by a commitment to monitoring and adaptive management. C1 [Cheng, Antony S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gutierrez, R. J.; Cashen, Scott; Becker, Dennis R.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Becker, Dennis R.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Merrill, Amy] Stillwater Sci, Stillwater, OK USA. [Ganz, David] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Liquori, Michael] Sound Watershed, Alameda, CA USA. [Saah, David S.] Univ San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. [Price, William] Pinchot Inst Conservat, Washington, DC USA. RP Cheng, AS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM tony.cheng@colostate.edu; gutie012@umn.edu; scottcashen@gmail.com; drbecker@uidaho.edu; jgunn@sig-nal.org; amy@stillwatersci.com; dganz@sig-gis.com; soundwatershed@gmail.com; dsaah@sig-gis.com; willprice@pinchot.org RI Becker, Dennis/E-6249-2017; OI Cheng, Antony/0000-0002-0977-0381 FU University of Minnesota Agricultural Research Station [MIN-41-036] FX We thank the Pinchot Institute for Conservation for logistic support and managing our review. We thank the many stakeholders for sharing their views with our panel. The USDA Forest Service staff was helpful throughout the process, especially Colin Dillingham. R.J.G. thanks the University of Minnesota Agricultural Research Station for support (MIN-41-036). NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 114 IS 4 BP 494 EP 504 DI 10.5849/jof.15-074 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DW1WE UT WOS:000383433200008 ER PT J AU Roberts, AJ Funston, RN Grings, EE Petersen, MK AF Roberts, A. J. Funston, R. N. Grings, E. E. Petersen, M. K. TI TRIENNIAL REPRODUCTION SYMPOSIUM: Beef heifer development and lifetime productivity in rangeland-based production systems SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fetal programing; lifetime productivity; nutritional supplementation ID MATERNAL UNDERNUTRITION; NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS; CALF PERFORMANCE; BODY CONDITION; COWS; GROWTH; WEIGHT; RESTRICTION; EPIGENETICS; CATTLE AB Nutritional and environmental factors have been shown to cause epigenetic changes that influence characteristics of the offspring throughout life. In livestock, small differences in nutrition during gestation may alter lifetime production efficiency of offspring. Therefore, the potential for fetal programing should be considered when determining supplemental feeding strategies during gestation. For example, female offspring born to cows grazing dormant winter pasture supplemented with 1.1 kg/d of alfalfa hay during the last third of gestation were 10 kg heavier and had greater BCS at 5 yr of age than those from dams supplemented with 1.8 kg/d of alfalfa hay. These differences were beneficial for maintaining reproductive performance in offspring managed with fewer harvested feed inputs. Evaluation of female offspring from cows wintered on either low-quality or high-quality pasture for 30 to 45 d during the fifth to sixth month of gestation indicated a trend for longer duration of productivity in daughters from cows wintered on improved pasture. In recent studies comparing offspring from cows with or without protein supplementation while grazing dormant winter range during late gestation, heifers from protein-supplemented dams had greater BW at weaning. This BW increase persisted throughout pregnancy and to subsequent calving, and pregnancy rates were greater in heifers from protein-supplemented dams. Heifers from protein-supplemented dams had lower G: F compared with heifers from unsupplemented dams. Therefore, in utero exposure to nutritionally limited environments (nonsupplemented dams) may promote greater feed efficiency in the heifer offspring later in life. Nutrition during postweaning development may also affect lifetime productivity. Heifers developed on low-quality native range with RUP supplementation had greater retention beyond 3 yr of age than cohorts developed in a feedlot with higher quality feed and greater ADG. Collectively, these examples show nutritional management strategies used during gestation and development may influence lifetime productivity. C1 [Roberts, A. J.; Petersen, M. K.] ARS, USDA, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Funston, R. N.] Univ Nebraska, West Cent Res & Extens Ctr, North Platte, NE 69101 USA. [Grings, E. E.] South Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Grings, E. E.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Food Secur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Roberts, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM andy.roberts@ars.usda.gov FU Journal of Animal Science; American Society of Animal Science FX Based on a presentation at the Triennial Reproduction Symposium titled "Developmental programming of fertility" at the 2015 Joint Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association (ADSA) and the American Society of Animal Science (ASAS) held in Orlando, Florida, July 12-16, with publication sponsored by the Journal of Animal Science and the American Society of Animal Science. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 94 IS 7 BP 2705 EP 2715 DI 10.2527/jas2016-0435 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA DY3PE UT WOS:000385005300002 PM 27482658 ER PT J AU Leclerc-Madlala, S Green, E Hallin, M AF Leclerc-Madlala, Suzanne Green, Edward Hallin, Mary TI Traditional healers and the "Fast-Track" HIV response: is success possible without them? SO AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE collaboration; HIV; AIDS; sub-Saharan Africa; traditional healers ID SOUTH-AFRICA; HEALTH-CARE; PREVENTION; HIV/AIDS; AIDS AB The rapid scale-up of effective HIV prevention strategies is a central theme of the post-2015 health and development agenda. All major global HIV and AIDS funders have aligned their policies and plans to achieve sharp reductions in new HIV infections and reach epidemic control by 2030. In these fast-track plans, increased antiretroviral treatment coverage and the attainment of viral suppression are pivotal, and there is firm recognition of the need for countries to mobilise more domestic resources and build stronger community clinic systems. There is little in these bold plans, however, to suggest that the now 30-year-old call by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other organisations to establish systematic collaborations with the traditional health sector will finally be heeded. In the context of sub-Saharan Africa's HIV epidemic, a significant body of literature demonstrates the critical role that traditional healers can play in improving the success of health programmes, including those for HIV prevention. This paper provides a brief history of collaboration with traditional healers for HIV followed by a description of several successful collaborations and discussion of key elements for success. We argue that the traditional health sector is a major resource that has yet to be sufficiently mobilised against HIV. As we shift from a short-term HIV response to a longer-term and more sustainable response, there is an urgent need to accelerate efforts to leverage and partner with the hundreds of thousands of traditional health practitioners who are already providing health services in communities. Failure to better attune our work to the medical pluralism of communities affected by HIV will continue to hinder HIV programming success and help assure that ambitious post-2015 HIV prevention and control goals are not realised. C1 [Leclerc-Madlala, Suzanne] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV & AIDS, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Green, Edward] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC USA. [Hallin, Mary] Univ Nebraska, Coll Business Adm, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. RP Leclerc-Madlala, S (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV & AIDS, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM sleclerc-madlala@usaid.gov NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU NATL INQUIRY SERVICES CENTRE PTY LTD PI GRAHAMSTOWN PA 19 WORCESTER STREET, PO BOX 377, GRAHAMSTOWN 6140, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1608-5906 EI 1727-9445 J9 AJAR-AFR J AIDS RES JI AJAR-Afr. J. Aids Res. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 15 IS 2 SI SI BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.2989/16085906.2016.1204329 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DS8GK UT WOS:000381021300011 PM 27399048 ER PT J AU Milne, E Aynekulu, E Bationo, A Batjes, NH Boone, R Conant, R Davies, J Hanan, N Hoag, D Herrick, JE Knausenberger, W Neely, C Njoka, J Ngugi, M Parton, B Paustian, K Reid, R Said, M Shepherd, K Swift, D Thornton, P Williams, S Miller, S Nkonya, E AF Milne, Eleanor Aynekulu, Ermias Bationo, Andre Batjes, Niels H. Boone, Randall Conant, Rich Davies, Jonathan Hanan, Niall Hoag, Dana Herrick, Jeffrey E. Knausenberger, Walter Neely, Constance Njoka, Jesse Ngugi, Moffatt Parton, Bill Paustian, Keith Reid, Robin Said, Mohamed Shepherd, Keith Swift, David Thornton, Philip Williams, Stephen Miller, Sue Nkonya, Ephraim TI Grazing lands in Sub-Saharan Africa and their potential role in climate change mitigation: What we do and don't know SO ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION; BENEFITS C1 [Milne, Eleanor; Boone, Randall; Conant, Rich; Hoag, Dana; Parton, Bill; Paustian, Keith; Reid, Robin; Swift, David; Williams, Stephen; Miller, Sue] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Knausenberger, Walter; Ngugi, Moffatt] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Aynekulu, Ermias; Neely, Constance; Shepherd, Keith] ICRAF World Agroforestry Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Bationo, Andre] Alliance Green Revolut Africa, Accra, Ghana. [Batjes, Niels H.] ISRIC World Soil Informat, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Davies, Jonathan] IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. [Hanan, Niall] South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD USA. [Herrick, Jeffrey E.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Neely, Constance] FAO, Rome, Italy. [Njoka, Jesse] Univ Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. [Said, Mohamed; Thornton, Philip] Univ Nairobi, ILRI, CSDES, Nairobi, Kenya. [Nkonya, Ephraim] IFPRI, Washington, DC 20006 USA. RP Milne, E (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Batjes, Niels/F-7195-2010; OI Batjes, Niels/0000-0003-2367-3067; Hanan, Niall/0000-0002-9130-5306 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-4645 EI 2211-4653 J9 ENVIRON DEV JI Environ. Dev. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 19 BP 70 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.envdev.2016.06.001 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DT6WR UT WOS:000381625800007 ER PT J AU Trail, P Abaye, O Thomason, WE Thompson, TL Gueye, F Diedhiou, I Diatta, MB Faye, A AF Trail, Patrick Abaye, Ozzie Thomason, Wade E. Thompson, Thomas L. Gueye, Fatou Diedhiou, Ibrahima Diatta, Michel B. Faye, Abdoulaye TI Evaluating Intercropping (Living Cover) and Mulching (Desiccated Cover) Practices for Increasing Millet Yields in Senegal SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PEARL-MILLET; WEST-AFRICA; SANDY SOIL; USE EFFICIENCY; WATER-USE; COWPEA; CROP; CONSERVATION; RESTORATION; FERTILITY AB Located within the Sahel region, Senegal faces several agricultural production challenges. Limited rainfall, poor soil fertility, and insufficient agronomic inputs all contribute to low pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] yields. This study was initiated to assess the potential for increasing millet yields through intercropping (living cover) and mulching (desiccated cover) practices. During the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons, pearl millet was intercropped with cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek], or grown under mulch (neem [Azadirachta indica] leaves applied at 2 t ha(-1)). Field trials were conducted at two sites within Senegal's central millet-peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) basin, in Bambey (14 degrees 41'38 '' N, 16 degrees 28'12 '' W) and Thies (14 degrees 45'45 '' N, 16 degrees 53'14 '' W). Soil moisture and plant N (based on the normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI]) were measured in addition to yield. When intercropped with a legume, millet grain yields increased up to 55% compared to millet alone. The combined grain yields under intercropping (millet + legume) were always higher than yields of millet alone, up to 67% in Bambey. Mulching increased soil moisture up to 14%, with yield increases of up to 70% over millet with no mulch. Plant N increased in both intercropped and mulched millet, with NDVI increases up to 21% with mulch and 16% when grown with a legume (prior to flowering). These yield increases were achieved using resources that are available and affordable to small-scale producers in the region (seeds and mulch), and did not require the addition of fertilizer inputs. C1 [Trail, Patrick; Abaye, Ozzie; Thomason, Wade E.; Thompson, Thomas L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Tech, Crop & Soil Environm Sci, 330 Smyth Hall,185 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Gueye, Fatou] US Agcy Int Dev, Educ & Res Senegal, BP 24690 Ouakam Rue 26 Ngor Almadies, Dakar, Senegal. [Diedhiou, Ibrahima] Univ Thies, Ecole Natl Super Agron, Dept Plant Pathol, Thies, Senegal. [Diatta, Michel B.; Faye, Abdoulaye] Univ Thies, Dept Plant Sci, Inst Super Format Agr & Rurale, Bambey, Senegal. RP Trail, P (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Tech, Crop & Soil Environm Sci, 330 Smyth Hall,185 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ptrail12@vt.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 24 U2 27 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2016 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1742 EP 1752 DI 10.2134/agronj2015.0422 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DR2HI UT WOS:000379725200044 ER PT J AU Lee, E Madhavan, S Bauhoff, S AF Lee, Elizabeth Madhavan, Supriya Bauhoff, Sebastian TI Levels and variations in the quality of facility-based antenatal care in Kenya: evidence from the 2010 service provision assessment SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Global health; health care facilities; quality of care; variations ID LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES AB Quality of care is emerging as an important concern for low- and middle-income countries working to expand and improve coverage. However, there is limited systematic, large-scale empirical guidance to inform policy design. Our study operationalized indicators for six dimensions of quality of care that are captured in currently available, standardized Service Provision Assessments. We implemented these measures to assess the levels and heterogeneity of antenatal care in Kenya. Using our indicator mix, we find that performance is low overall and that there is substantial variation across provinces, management authority and facility type. Overall, facilities performed highest in the dimensions of efficiency and acceptability/patient-centeredness, and lowest on effectiveness and accessibility. Public facilities generally performed worse or similarly to private or faith-based facilities. We illustrate how these data and methods can provide readily-available, low-cost decision support for policy. C1 [Lee, Elizabeth] Univ Res Co LLC, 7200 Wisconsin Ave,Suite 600, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Madhavan, Supriya] US Agcy Int Dev, 1201 Penn Ave,NW Suite 315, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Bauhoff, Sebastian] Ctr Global Dev, 2055 L St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Bauhoff, S (reprint author), Ctr Global Dev, 2055 L St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM sbauhoff@cgdev.org FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) [GHS-A-00-09-00015-00] FX This research project is made possible through Translating Research into Action, TRAction, and is funded by United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the cooperative agreement number GHS-A-00-09-00015-00. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1080 EI 1460-2237 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 31 IS 6 BP 777 EP 784 DI 10.1093/heapol/czv132 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA DR2ZQ UT WOS:000379772800011 PM 26879091 ER PT J AU Chin-Quee, DS Stanback, J Graham, V AF Chin-Quee, Dawn S. Stanback, John Graham, Victoria TI In support of community-based emergency contraception SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; ULIPRISTAL ACETATE; REPEAT USE; ACCESS; KENYA; PILLS; KNOWLEDGE; NIGERIA; WOMEN C1 [Chin-Quee, Dawn S.; Stanback, John] FHI 360, Div Hlth Serv Res, 359 Blackwell St,Suite 200, Durham, NC USA. [Graham, Victoria] USAID, GH PRH SDI, 2100 Crystal Dr, Arlington, VA USA. RP Chin-Quee, DS (reprint author), FHI 360, Div Hlth Serv Res, 359 Blackwell St,Suite 200, Durham, NC USA. EM dchin-quee@fhi360.org NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD JUL PY 2016 VL 94 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.03.002 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA DO2TG UT WOS:000377632400001 PM 26996736 ER PT J AU Collins, PY Kondos, L Pillai, A Joestl, SS Frohlich, J AF Collins, Pamela Y. Kondos, Leeza Pillai, Aravind Joestl, Sarah S. Frohlich, Janet TI Passive Suicidal Ideation and Community Mental Health Resources in South Africa SO COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Passive suicidal ideation; Community resources; Community mental health; Africa; HIV/AIDS ID AIDS-RELATED MORTALITY; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; COPING STRATEGIES; GLOBAL BURDEN; HIV; DEPRESSION; VALIDITY; QUESTIONNAIRE-9; BEHAVIOR; DISEASE AB South African communities continue to experience elevated incidence and prevalence of HIV infection. Passive suicidal ideation (PSI) may be one expression of distress in high prevalence communities. We report the prevalence of PSI and examine the relationship between PSI and participation in community organizations in a semi-rural sample of South African adults (N = 594). The prevalence of PSI in the 2 weeks prior to the interview was 9.1 %. Members of burial societies (I (2) = 7.34; p = 0.01) and stokvels (I (2) = 4.1; p = 0.04) (community-based savings groups) reported significantly less PSI compared to other respondents. Using a multivariate model adjusted for demographic characteristics, psychological distress, and socioeconomic status, we found lower odds of reporting PSI for members of burial societies (OR 0.48, CI 0.25 -0.91). Participation in community organizations that provide contextually salient resources in settings with high levels of distress may be a resource for mental health. C1 [Collins, Pamela Y.] NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kondos, Leeza] US Agcy Int Dev, Inst Publ Hlth, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Pillai, Aravind] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Joestl, Sarah S.] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Frohlich, Janet] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Ctr AIDS Programme Res South Africa, Durban, South Africa. RP Collins, PY (reprint author), NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM pamela.collins@nih.gov; lmkondos@gmail.com; ap2664@cumc.columbia.edu; sjoestl@cdc.gov; Janet.Frohlich@caprisa.org FU NIAID Center for AIDS Research [NIAID P30AI42848] FX The majority of this work was conducted while Dr. Collins was at Columbia University and supported by a pilot award through the NIAID Center for AIDS Research grant (PI: Scott Hammer, NIAID P30AI42848). Dr. Sarah Joestl contributed to this work while she was a doctoral candidate at the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University. Ms. Leeza Kondos contributed to this work while employed at the National Institute of Mental Health. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Lise Werner, Henri Carrara, Robert Sember, Beverly Haddad, Ezra Susser, Dana March, Quarraisha Abdool-Karim and the CAPRISA research team. The views expressed in this manuscript do not necessarily reflect those of the National Institute of Mental Health or the US government. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-3853 EI 1573-2789 J9 COMMUNITY MENT HLT J JI Community Ment. Health J. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 52 IS 5 BP 541 EP 550 DI 10.1007/s10597-016-0003-9 PG 10 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA DN8ZJ UT WOS:000377368300006 PM 27100867 ER PT J AU Evans, T Pablos-Mendez, A AF Evans, Tim Pablos-Mendez, Ariel TI Shaping of a new era for health financing SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Evans, Tim] World Bank Grp, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Pablos-Mendez, Ariel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Evans, T (reprint author), World Bank Grp, Washington, DC 20433 USA. EM tgevans@worldbank.org NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 18 PY 2016 VL 387 IS 10037 BP 2482 EP 2484 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30238-0 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DO7FG UT WOS:000377947200005 PM 27086171 ER PT J AU Marchant, T Bryce, J Victora, C Moran, AC Claeson, M Requejo, J Amouzou, A Walker, N Boerma, T Grove, J AF Marchant, Tanya Bryce, Jennifer Victora, Cesar Moran, Allisyn C. Claeson, Mariam Requejo, Jennifer Amouzou, Agbessi Walker, Neff Boerma, Ties Grove, John TI Improved measurement for mothers, newborns and children in the era of the Sustainable Development Goals SO JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEALTH AB Background An urgent priority in maternal, newborn and child health is to accelerate the scale-up of cost-effective essential interventions, especially during labor, the immediate postnatal period and for the treatment of serious infectious diseases and acute malnutrition. Tracking intervention coverage is a key activity to support scaleup and in this paper we examine priorities in coverage measurement, distinguishing between essential interventions that can be measured now and those that require methodological development. Methods We conceptualized a typology of indicators related to intervention coverage that distinguishes access to care from receipt of an intervention by the population in need. We then built on documented evidence on coverage measurement to determine the status of indicators for essential interventions and to identify areas for development. Results Contact indicators from pregnancy to childhood were identified as current indicators for immediate use, but indicators reflecting the quality of care provided during these contacts need development. At each contact point, some essential interventions can be measured now, but the need for development of indicators predominates around interventions at the time of birth and interventions to treat infections. Addressing this need requires improvements in routine facility based data capture, methods for linking provider and community-based data, and improved guidance for effective coverage measurement that reflects the provision of high-quality care. Conclusion Coverage indicators for some essential interventions can be measured accurately through household surveys and be used to track progress in maternal, newborn and child health. Other essential interventions currently rely on contact indicators as proxies for coverage but urgent attention is needed to identify new measurement approaches that directly and reliably measure their effective coverage. C1 [Marchant, Tanya] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Dis Control, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Bryce, Jennifer; Requejo, Jennifer; Walker, Neff] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Victora, Cesar] Univ Fed Pelotas, Int Ctr Equity Hlth, Post Grad Programme Epidemiol, Pelotas, Brazil. [Moran, Allisyn C.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Global Hlth Fellows Program 2, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Claeson, Mariam; Grove, John] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. [Amouzou, Agbessi] UNICEF, New York, NY USA. [Boerma, Ties] WHO, Hlth Syst & Innovat, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Marchant, T (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Dis Control, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM tanya.marchant@lshtm.ac.uk FU World Health Organization [001] NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV EDINBURGH, GLOBAL HEALTH SOC PI EDINBURGH PA CENTRE POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCES, TEVIOT PL, EDINBURGH, EH8 9AG, ENGLAND SN 2047-2978 EI 2047-2986 J9 J GLOB HEALTH JI J. Glob. Health PD JUN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 1 AR 010506 DI 10.7189/jogh.06.010506 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EO8YM UT WOS:000396976400024 PM 27418960 ER PT J AU Yoshida, S Martines, J Lawn, JE Wall, S Souza, JP Rudan, I Cousens, S Aaby, P Adam, I Adhikari, RK Ambalavanan, N El Arifeen, S Aryal, DR Asiruddin, SK Baqui, A Barros, AJD Benn, CS Bhandari, V Bhatnagar, S Bhattacharya, S Bhutta, ZA Black, RE Blencowe, H Bose, C Brown, J Buhrer, C Carlo, W Cecatti, JG Cheung, PY Clark, R Colbourn, T Conde-Agudelo, A Corbett, E Czeizel, AE Das, A Day, LT Deal, C Deorari, A Dilmen, U English, M Engmann, C Esamai, F Fall, C Ferriero, DM Gisore, P Hazir, T Higgins, RD Homer, CSE Hoque, DE Irgens, L Islam, MT de Graft-Johnson, J Joshua, MA Keenan, W Khatoon, S Kieler, H Kramer, MS Lackritz, EM Lavender, T Lawintono, L Luhanga, R Marsh, D McMillan, D McNamara, PJ Mol, BJ Molyneux, E Mukasa, GK Mutabazi, M Nacul, LC Nakakeeto, M Narayanan, I Olusanya, B Osrin, D Paul, V Poets, C Reddy, UM Santosham, M Sayed, R Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, NE Singhal, N Smith, MA Smith, PG Soofi, S Spong, CY Sultana, S Tshefu, A van Bel, F Gray, LV Waiswa, P Wang, W Williams, SLA Wright, L Zaidi, A Zhang, YF Zhong, N Zuniga, I Bahl, R AF Yoshida, Sachiyo Martines, Jose Lawn, Joy E. Wall, Stephen Souza, Joao Paulo Rudan, Igor Cousens, Simon Aaby, Peter Adam, Ishag Adhikari, Ramesh Kant Ambalavanan, Namasivayam El Arifeen, Shams Aryal, Dhana Raj Asiruddin, Sk Baqui, Abdullah Barros, Aluisio J. D. Benn, Christine S. Bhandari, Vineet Bhatnagar, Shinjini Bhattacharya, Sohinee Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Black, Robert E. Blencowe, Hannah Bose, Carl Brown, Justin Buehrer, Christoph Carlo, Wally Cecatti, Jose Guilherme Cheung, Po-Yin Clark, Robert Colbourn, Tim Conde-Agudelo, Agustin Corbett, Erica Czeizel, Andrew E. Das, Abhik Day, Louise Tina Deal, Carolyn Deorari, Ashok Dilmen, Ugur English, Mike Engmann, Cyril Esamai, Fabian Fall, Caroline Ferriero, Donna M. Gisore, Peter Hazir, Tabish Higgins, Rosemary D. Homer, Caroline S. E. Hoque, D. E. Irgens, Lorentz Islam, M. T. de Graft-Johnson, Joseph Joshua, Martias Alice Keenan, William Khatoon, Soofia Kieler, Helle Kramer, Michael S. Lackritz, Eve M. Lavender, Tina Lawintono, Laurensia Luhanga, Richard Marsh, David McMillan, Douglas McNamara, Patrick J. Mol, Ben Willem J. Molyneux, Elizabeth Mukasa, G. K. Mutabazi, Miriam Nacul, Luis Carlos Nakakeeto, Margaret Narayanan, Indira Olusanya, Bolajoko Osrin, David Paul, Vinod Poets, Christian Reddy, Uma M. Santosham, Mathuram Sayed, Rubayet Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, Natalia E. Singhal, Nalini Smith, Mary Alice Smith, Peter G. Soofi, Sajid Spong, Catherine Y. Sultana, Shahin Tshefu, Antoinette van Bel, Frank Gray, Lauren Vestewig Waiswa, Peter Wang, Wei Williams, Sarah L. A. Wright, Linda Zaidi, Anita Zhang, Yanfeng Zhong, Nanbert Zuniga, Isabel Bahl, Rajiv CA Neonatal Hlth Res Priority Setting TI Setting research priorities to improve global newborn health and prevent stillbirths by 2025 SO JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; CHILD HEALTH; RESEARCH INVESTMENTS; PRETERM BIRTH; TIME TRENDS; ACTION PLAN; DIARRHEA; BURDEN; PNEUMONIA; MORTALITY AB Background In 2013, an estimated 2.8 million newborns died and 2.7 million were stillborn. A much greater number suffer from long term impairment associated with preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, congenital anomalies, and perinatal or infectious causes. With the approaching deadline for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2015, there was a need to set the new research priorities on newborns and stillbirth with a focus not only on survival but also on health, growth and development. We therefore carried out a systematic exercise to set newborn health research priorities for 2013-2025. Methods We used adapted Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) methods for this prioritization exercise. We identified and approached the 200 most productive researchers and 400 program experts, and 132 of them submitted research questions online. These were collated into a set of 205 research questions, sent for scoring to the 600 identified experts, and were assessed and scored by 91 experts. Results Nine out of top ten identified priorities were in the domain of research on improving delivery of known interventions, with simplified neonatal resuscitation program and clinical algorithms and improved skills of community health workers leading the list. The top 10 priorities in the domain of development were led by ideas on improved Kangaroo Mother Care at community level, how to improve the accuracy of diagnosis by community health workers, and perinatal audits. The 10 leading priorities for discovery research focused on stable surfactant with novel modes of administration for preterm babies, ability to diagnose fetal distress and novel tocolytic agents to delay or stop preterm labour. Conclusion These findings will assist both donors and researchers in supporting and conducting research to close the knowledge gaps for reducing neonatal mortality, morbidity and long term impairment. WHO, SNL and other partners will work to generate interest among key national stakeholders, governments, NGOs, and research institutes in these priorities, while encouraging research funders to support them. We will track research funding, relevant requests for proposals and trial registers to monitor if the priorities identified by this exercise are being addressed C1 [Yoshida, Sachiyo; Bahl, Rajiv] World Hlth Org, Newborn Child & Adolescent Hlth, Dept Maternal, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [Martines, Jose] Univ Bergen, Ctr Int Hlth, Ctr Intervent Sci Maternal & Child Hlth, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Lawn, Joy E.; Cousens, Simon] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England. [Lawn, Joy E.; Wall, Stephen] Save Children, Saving Newborn Lives, Washington, DC USA. [Souza, Joao Paulo] Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Sch Med, Dept Social Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Rudan, Igor] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Med, Ctr Populat Hlth Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Rudan, Igor] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Med, Global Hlth Acad, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Aaby, Peter] Bandim Hlth Project Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea Bissau. [Adam, Ishag] Univ Khartoum, Fac Med, Khartoum, Sudan. [Adhikari, Ramesh Kant] Kathmandu Med Coll, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Ambalavanan, Namasivayam] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Pediat, Birmingham, AL USA. [El Arifeen, Shams] Int Ctr Diar rhoeal Dis Res, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Aryal, Dhana Raj] Paropakar Matern & womens Hosp, Dept Neonatol, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Asiruddin, Sk] Univ Res Co LLC, TRAct Bangladesh Project, Chevy Chase, MD USA. [Baqui, Abdullah] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Barros, Aluisio J. D.] Univ Fed Pelotas, Ctr Pesquisas Epidemiol, Pelotas, Brazil. [Benn, Christine S.] Univ Southern Denmark, Odense Univ Hosp, Res Ctr Vitamins, Odense, Denmark. [Benn, Christine S.] Univ Southern Denmark, Odense Univ Hosp, Statens Serum Inst, Odense, Denmark. [Bhandari, Vineet] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Program Perinatal Res, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Bhatnagar, Shinjini] Translat Hlth Sci & Technol Inst, Pediat Biol Ctr, Pali, India. [Bhattacharya, Sohinee] Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.] Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Excellence Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan. [Black, Robert E.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Int Programs, Baltimore, MD USA. [Blencowe, Hannah] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England. [Bose, Carl] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Brown, Justin] Thrasher Res Fund, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Buehrer, Christoph] Charles Univ Prague, Med Ctr, Dept Neonatol, Berlin, Germany. [Carlo, Wally] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. [Cecatti, Jose Guilherme] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sch Med Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Cheung, Po-Yin] Univ Alberta, Dept Pediat, Pharmacol & Surg, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Clark, Robert] Charities, New Orleans, LA USA. [Colbourn, Tim] Univ Coll London Inst Global Hlth, London, England. [Conde-Agudelo, Agustin] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Perinatol Res Branch, Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. [Corbett, Erica] Independent consultant maternal Hlth Res, Kigali, Rwanda. [Czeizel, Andrew E.] Fdn Commun Control Hereditary Dis, Budapest, Hungary. [Das, Abhik] RTI Int, Biostatist & Epidemiol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Day, Louise Tina] LAMB Integrated Rural Hlth & Dev, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. [Deal, Carolyn] Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis Natl Inst Hlth, Div Microbiol & Infect Dis, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Deorari, Ashok] All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India. [Dilmen, Ugur] Yildirim Beyazit Univ, Fac Med, Pediat & Neonatol, Ankara, Turkey. [English, Mike] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England. [English, Mike] Univ Oxford, Dept Paediat, Oxford, England. [English, Mike] KEMRi Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. [Engmann, Cyril] Bill Melinda Gates Fdn, Newborn Hlth Family Hlth Div, Seattle, WA USA. [Engmann, Cyril] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Esamai, Fabian] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Fall, Caroline] Univ Southampton, Med Res Council, Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Int Paediat Epidemiol, Southampton, Hants, England. [Ferriero, Donna M.] UCSF Benioff Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA USA. [Gisore, Peter] Moi Univ, Sch Med Child Hlth & Pediat, Eldoret, Kenya. [Hazir, Tabish] Childrens Hosp, Pakistan Inst Med Sci, Lahore, Pakistan. [Higgins, Rosemary D.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Neonatal Res Network, Pregnancy & Perinatol Branch, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. [Homer, Caroline S. E.] Univ Technol, Ctr Midwifery Child & Family Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Hoque, D. E.] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Irgens, Lorentz] Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [Irgens, Lorentz] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Bergen, Norway. [Islam, M. T.] Japan Int Cooperat Agcy JICA, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [de Graft-Johnson, Joseph] Save Children, Fairfield, CT USA. [Joshua, Martias Alice] Zomba Cent Hosp, Minist Hlth, Zomba, Malawi. [Keenan, William] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Khatoon, Soofia] Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, Paediat & Head Dept, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Kieler, Helle] Karolinska Inst, Ctr Pharmacoepidemiol, Solna, Sweden. [Kramer, Michael S.] McGill Univ, Fac Med, Biostat & Occupat Hlth, Dept Pediat & Epidemiol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Lackritz, Eve M.] Global Alliance Prevent Prematur & Stillbirth GAP, Seattle, WA USA. [Lavender, Tina] Univ Manchester, Sch Nursing Midwifery & Social Work, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Lawintono, Laurensia] Indonesian Midw Assoc, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Luhanga, Richard] Save Children, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Marsh, David] Save Children, Fairfield, CT USA. [McMillan, Douglas] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Paediat, Halifax, NS, Canada. [McNamara, Patrick J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Paediat & Physiol, Toronto, ON, Canada. [McNamara, Patrick J.] Hosp Sick Children, Physiol & Expt Med program, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Mol, Ben Willem J.] Acad Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Molyneux, Elizabeth] Coll Med, Paediat & Child Hlth, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Mukasa, G. K.] Int Baby Food Act Network, Kampala, Uganda. [Mutabazi, Miriam] STRIDES Family Hlth, Management Sci Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. [Nacul, Luis Carlos] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, London, England. [Nakakeeto, Margaret] Kampala Childrens Hosp Ltd & Childhealth Advocacy, Kampala, Uganda. [Narayanan, Indira] United States Agcy Int Dev, Maternal & Child Hlth Integrated Program, Washington, DC USA. [Olusanya, Bolajoko] Ctr Healthy Start Initiat, Lagos, Nigeria. [Osrin, David] UCL, Inst Global Hlth, Wellcome Trust Senior Res Fellow Clin Sci, London, England. [Paul, Vinod] All India Inst Med Sci, Patna, Bihar, India. [Poets, Christian] Univ Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany. [Reddy, Uma M.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Dev Natl Inst Hlth, Cambridge, MD USA. [Santosham, Mathuram] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Sayed, Rubayet] Save Children, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, Natalia E.] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Singhal, Nalini] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Smith, Mary Alice] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Smith, Peter G.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Trop Epidemiol Grp, London, England. [Soofi, Sajid] Aga Khan Univ, Women & Child Hlth Div, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan. [Spong, Catherine Y.; Zaidi, Anita] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Sultana, Shahin] Minist Hlth & Family Welf, Natl Inst Populat Res & Training NIPORT, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Tshefu, Antoinette] Univ Kinshasa, Sch Med, Kinshasa Sch Publ Hlth, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO. [van Bel, Frank] Univ Utrecht, Dept Neonatol, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Gray, Lauren Vestewig] Rice Univ, Inst Global Hlth Technol, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Waiswa, Peter] Karolinska Inst, Div Global Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden. [Williams, Sarah L. A.] Edith Cowan Univ, Sch Med Sci, Churchlands, WA 6018, Australia. [Wright, Linda] Capital Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wright, Linda] Save Children UK, London, England. [Zaidi, Anita] Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan. [Zhang, Yanfeng] Capital Inst Paediat, Dept Integrated Early Childhood Dev, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhong, Nanbert] New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Lab Dev Genet, New York, NY USA. [Zuniga, Isabel] Medecins Sans Frontieres, Brussels, Belgium. RP Bahl, R (reprint author), World Hlth Org, Newborn Child & Adolescent Hlth, Dept Maternal, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM bahlr@who.int RI Souza, Joao Paulo/G-1982-2010; OI Souza, Joao Paulo/0000-0002-2288-4244; Homer, Caroline/0000-0002-7454-3011 FU Save the Children FX This work was supported by Save the Children. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 98 PU UNIV EDINBURGH, GLOBAL HEALTH SOC PI EDINBURGH PA CENTRE POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCES, TEVIOT PL, EDINBURGH, EH8 9AG, ENGLAND SN 2047-2978 EI 2047-2986 J9 J GLOB HEALTH JI J. Glob. Health PD JUN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 1 AR 010508 DI 10.7189/jogh.06.010508 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EO8YM UT WOS:000396976400026 PM 26401272 ER PT J AU Mavhu, W Hatzold, K Ncube, G Xaba, S Madidi, N Keatinge, J Dhodho, E Samkange, CA Tshimanga, M Mangwiro, T Mugurungi, O Njeuhmeli, E Cowan, FM AF Mavhu, Webster Hatzold, Karin Ncube, Getrude Xaba, Sinokuthemba Madidi, Ngonidzashe Keatinge, Jo Dhodho, Efison Samkange, Christopher A. Tshimanga, Mufuta Mangwiro, Tonderayi Mugurungi, Owen Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Cowan, Frances M. TI Safety and Acceptability of the PrePex Device When Used in Routine Male Circumcision Service Delivery During Active Surveillance in Zimbabwe SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE PrePex; male circumcision; safety; acceptability; Zimbabwe ID RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; HIV PREVENTION; SCALE-UP; EFFICACY; NURSES; TRIAL AB Background: Male circumcision devices have the potential to accelerate voluntary medical male circumcision roll-out, with PrePex being one promising device. Here, we present findings on safety and acceptability from active surveillance of the implementation of PrePex among 1000 males circumcised in Zimbabwe. Methods: The first 1000 men consecutively circumcised using PrePex during routine service delivery were actively followed up. Outcome measures included PrePex uptake, attendance for post-circumcision visits, and adverse events (AEs). A survey was conducted among 500 consecutive active surveillance clients to assess acceptability and satisfaction with PrePex. Results: A total of 2156 men aged 18 years or older were circumcised across the 6 PrePex active surveillance sites. Of these, 1000 (46.4%) were circumcised using PrePex. Among them, 4 (0.4%) self-removals that required surgery (severe AEs) were observed. Six (0.6%) removals by providers (moderate AEs) did not require surgery. A further 280 (28%) AEs were mild or moderate pain during device removal. There were also 12 (1.2%) moderate AEs unrelated to pain. All AEs resolved without sequelae. There was high adherence to follow-up appointments, with 97.7% of clients attending the scheduled day 7 visit. Acceptability of PrePex was high among survey participants, 93% indicated willingness to recommend the device to peers. Of note, 95.8% of respondents reported experiencing pain when the device was being removed. Additionally, 85.2% reported experiencing odor while wearing the device or during removal. Conclusions: Active surveillance of the first 1000 men circumcised using PrePex suggests that the device is both safe and acceptable when used in routine service delivery. C1 [Mavhu, Webster; Cowan, Frances M.] Ctr Sexual Hlth & HIV AIDS Res CeSHHAR, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Hatzold, Karin; Madidi, Ngonidzashe; Dhodho, Efison] Populat Serv Int, 30 Chase,Emerald Hill, Harare 9990, Zimbabwe. [Ncube, Getrude; Xaba, Sinokuthemba; Mugurungi, Owen] Minist Hlth & Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Keatinge, Jo] US Agcy Int Dev, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Samkange, Christopher A.; Tshimanga, Mufuta; Mangwiro, Tonderayi] Univ Zimbabwe, Coll Hlth Sci, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cowan, Frances M.] UCL, London, England. RP Hatzold, K (reprint author), Populat Serv Int, 30 Chase,Emerald Hill, Harare 9990, Zimbabwe. EM khatzold@psi-zim.co.zw FU PEPFAR through USAID; UKAID/DFID Zimbabwe through Population Services International (PSI) FX Supported by PEPFAR through USAID and UKAID/DFID Zimbabwe through Population Services International (PSI). NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 72 SU 1 BP S63 EP S68 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA DY6YC UT WOS:000385274500011 PM 27331593 ER PT J AU Arbiol, J Orencio, PM Romena, N Nomura, H Takahashi, Y Yabe, M AF Arbiol, Joseph Orencio, Pedcris M. Romena, November Nomura, Hisako Takahashi, Yoshifumi Yabe, Mitsuyasu TI Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards Leptospirosis among Lakeshore Communities of Calamba and Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines SO AGRICULTURE-BASEL LA English DT Article DE leptospirosis; KAP; zoonotic disease; occupational health and safety; agriculture ID DISEASE; INFECTION; HEALTH; REGION; DENGUE; KAP; ENVIRONMENT; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; ENGAGEMENT AB Leptospirosis is a serious and potentially fatal zoonotic disease, but often neglected owing to lack of awareness. This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning leptospirosis among agricultural (n = 152) and non-agricultural (n = 115) workers in the lakeshore communities of Calamba and Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. The findings showed no significant differences for the knowledge and attitude scores between agricultural and non-agricultural workers. However, agricultural workers had significantly lower prevention practice scores than non-agricultural workers. The ordinary least squares regression model identified gender, use of broadcast media as a source of health information, and knowledge and attitudes about leptospirosis as significant predictors of prevention practices common to both workers. Higher educational attainment was significantly associated with prevention practices among agricultural workers, while higher age and income level were significantly associated with prevention practices among non-agricultural workers. Public health interventions to improve leptospirosis knowledge and prevention practices should include health education and promotion programs, along with the strengthening of occupational health and safety programs in the agricultural sector. C1 [Arbiol, Joseph] Kyushu Univ, Lab Environm Econ, Grad Sch Bioresources & Bioenvironm Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Orencio, Pedcris M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Strengthening Urban Resilience Growth Equity Proj, Makati 1227, Philippines. [Romena, November] Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, Manila 1103, Philippines. [Nomura, Hisako] Kyushu Univ, Attached Promot Ctr Int Educ & Res Agr, Fac Agr, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Takahashi, Yoshifumi; Yabe, Mitsuyasu] Kyushu Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. RP Yabe, M (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. EM oteparbiol@yahoo.com; porencio@surge.org.ph; nromena@gmail.com; hnomura@agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp; gibun@agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp; yabe@agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2077-0472 J9 AGRICULTURE-BASEL JI Agriculture-Basel PD JUN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 2 AR 18 DI 10.3390/agriculture6020018 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DR3WL UT WOS:000379833300008 ER PT J AU Starbird, E Norton, M Marcus, R AF Starbird, Ellen Norton, Maureen Marcus, Rachel TI Investing in Family Planning: Key to Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; UNINTENDED PREGNANCIES; CONTRACEPTIVE USE; BIRTH INTERVALS; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; PERINATAL OUTCOMES; RURAL BANGLADESH; LESS LIKELIHOOD; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MATERNAL AGE C1 [Starbird, Ellen; Norton, Maureen; Marcus, Rachel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Marcus, R (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM rmarcus@usaid.gov NR 125 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 9 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH-SCI PRAC JI Glob. Health PD JUN PY 2016 VL 4 IS 2 BP 191 EP 210 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00374 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DQ4DP UT WOS:000379154400003 PM 27353614 ER PT J AU Mangam, K Fiekowsky, E Bagayoko, M Norris, L Belemvire, A Longhany, R Fornadel, C George, K AF Mangam, Keith Fiekowsky, Elana Bagayoko, Moussa Norris, Laura Belemvire, Allison Longhany, Rebecca Fornadel, Christen George, Kristen TI Feasibility and Effectiveness of mHealth for Mobilizing Households for Indoor Residual Spraying to Prevent Malaria: A Case Study in Mali SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article AB Components of mHealth are increasingly being added to development interventions worldwide. A particular case of interest is in Mali where the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) Africa Indoor Residual Spraying (AIRS) Project piloted a mobile mass-messaging service in Koulikoro District in August 2014 to determine whether voice and/or text messages received on cell phones could effectively replace door-to-door mobilization for an indoor residual spraying (IRS) campaign. To measure the pilot's effectiveness, we evaluated structure preparedness (all household and food items removed) in 3 pilot intervention villages compared with 3 villages prepared for spray through door-to-door mobilization that was modified by incorporating town hall meetings and radio spots. Structure preparedness was significantly lower in households mobilized through the mobile-messaging approach compared with the door-to-door approach (49% vs. 75%, respectively; P =.03). Spray coverage of targeted households also was significantly lower among the mobile-messaging villages than the door-to-door mobilization villages (86% vs. 96%, respectively; P =.02). The mobile-messaging approach, at US$8.62 per structure prepared, was both more costly and less effective than the door-to-door approach at US$1.08 per structure prepared. While literacy and familiarity with technology were major obstacles, it also became clear that by removing the face-to-face interactions between mobilizers and household residents, individuals were not as trusting or understanding of the mobilization messages. These residents felt it was easier to ignore a text or voice message than to ignore a mobilizer who could provide reassurances and preparation support. In addition, men often received the mobile messages, as they typically owned the mobile phones, while women-who were more likely to be at home at the time of spray-usually interacted with the door-to-door mobilizers. Future attempts at using mHealth approaches for similar IRS mobilization efforts in Mali should be done in a way that combines mHealth tools with more common human-based interventions, rather than as a stand-alone approach, and should be designed with a gender lens in mind. The choice of software used for mass messaging should also be considered to find a local option that is both less expensive and perhaps more attuned to the local context than a U.S.-based software solution. C1 [Mangam, Keith; Fiekowsky, Elana] US Presidents Malaria Initiat PMI, Africa Indoor Residual Spraying AIRS Project, Abt Associates, Bethesda, MD USA. [Bagayoko, Moussa] PMI AIRS Project, Abt Associates, Bamako, Mali. [Norris, Laura; Belemvire, Allison; Longhany, Rebecca; Fornadel, Christen; George, Kristen] US Agcy Int Dev, PMI, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Mangam, K (reprint author), US Presidents Malaria Initiat PMI, Africa Indoor Residual Spraying AIRS Project, Abt Associates, Bethesda, MD USA. EM Keith_Mangam@abtassoc.com NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH-SCI PRAC JI Glob. Health PD JUN PY 2016 VL 4 IS 2 BP 222 EP 237 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00381 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DQ4DP UT WOS:000379154400005 PM 27353616 ER PT J AU Lalji, S Ngondi, JM Thawer, NG Tembo, A Mandike, R Mohamed, A Chacky, F Mwalimu, CD Greer, G Kaspar, N Kramer, K Mlay, B Issa, K Lweikiza, J Mutafungwa, A Nzowa, M Willilo, RA Nyoni, W Dadi, D Ramsan, MM Reithinger, R Magesa, SM AF Lalji, Shabbir Ngondi, Jeremiah M. Thawer, Narjis G. Tembo, Autman Mandike, Renata Mohamed, Ally Chacky, Frank Mwalimu, Charles D. Greer, George Kaspar, Naomi Kramer, Karen Mlay, Bertha Issa, Kheri Lweikiza, Jane Mutafungwa, Anold Nzowa, Mary Willilo, Ritha A. Nyoni, Waziri Dadi, David Ramsan, Mahdi M. Reithinger, Richard Magesa, Stephen M. TI School Distribution as Keep-Up Strategy to Maintain Universal Coverage of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets: Implementation and Results of a Program in Southern Tanzania SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID TREATED NETS; NATIONAL CAMPAIGN; MALARIA CONTROL; SUBSIDY; SCHEME; DESIGN AB Tanzania successfully scaled up coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) through mass campaigns. To sustain these gains, a school-based approach was piloted in the country's Southern Zone starting in 2013, called the School Net Program 1 (SNP1). We report on the design, implementation, monitoring, and outputs of the second round (SNP2) undertaken in 2014. SNP2 was conducted in all schools in Lindi, Mtwara, and Ruvuma regions, targeting students in primary (Standards 1, 3, 5, and 7) and secondary (Forms 2 and 4) schools and all teachers. In Lindi region, 2 additional classes (Standards 2 and 4) were targeted. LLIN distribution data were managed using an Android software application called SchoolNet. SNP2 included 2,337 schools, 473,700 students, and 25,269 teachers. A total of 5,070 people were trained in LLIN distribution (487 trainers and 4,583 distributors), and 4,392 (434 ward and 3,958 village) community change agents undertook sensitization and mobilization. A total of 507,775 LLINs were distributed to schools, with 464,510 (97.9% of those registered) students and 24,206 (95.8% of those registered) school teachers receiving LLINs. LLIN ownership and use is expected to have increased, potentially further reducing the burden of malaria in the Southern Zone of Tanzania. C1 [Lalji, Shabbir; Ngondi, Jeremiah M.; Thawer, Narjis G.; Tembo, Autman; Mutafungwa, Anold; Nzowa, Mary; Willilo, Ritha A.; Ramsan, Mahdi M.; Magesa, Stephen M.] RTI Int, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Mandike, Renata; Mohamed, Ally; Chacky, Frank; Mwalimu, Charles D.] Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Natl Malaria Control Programme, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Greer, George; Kaspar, Naomi] US Agcy Int Dev, US Presidents Malaria Initiat, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Kramer, Karen] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Mlay, Bertha; Issa, Kheri; Lweikiza, Jane] Tanzania Red Cross Soc, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Nyoni, Waziri; Dadi, David] Johns Hopkins Ctr Commun Programs, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Reithinger, Richard] RTI Int, Washington, DC USA. RP Ngondi, JM (reprint author), RTI Int, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. EM jngondi@rti.org NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH-SCI PRAC JI Glob. Health PD JUN PY 2016 VL 4 IS 2 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00040 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DQ4DP UT WOS:000379154400007 PM 27353618 ER PT J AU Lipsky, AB Gribble, JN Cahaelen, L Sharma, S AF Lipsky, Alyson B. Gribble, James N. Cahaelen, Linda Sharma, Suneeta TI Partnerships for Policy Development : A Case Study From Uganda's Costed Implementation Plan for Family Planning SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS; FRAMEWORK; HEALTH AB In global health, partnerships between practitioners and policy makers facilitate stakeholders in jointly addressing those issues that require multiple perspectives for developing, implementing, and evaluating plans, strategies, and programs. For family planning, costed implementation plans (CIPs) are developed through a strategic government-led consultative process that results in a detailed plan for program activities and an estimate of the funding required to achieve an established set of goals. Since 2009, many countries have developed CIPs. Conventionally, the CIP approach has not been defined with partnerships as a focal point; nevertheless, cooperation between key stakeholders is vital to CIP development and execution. Uganda launched a CIP in November 2014, thus providing an opportunity to examine the process through a partnership lens. This article describes Uganda's CIP development process in detail, grounded in a framework for assessing partnerships, and provides the findings from 22 key informant interviews. Findings reveal strengths in Uganda's CIP development process, such as willingness to adapt and strong senior management support. However, the evaluation also highlighted challenges, including district health officers (DHOs), who are a key group of implementers, feeling excluded from the development process. There was also a lack of planning around long-term partnership practices that could help address anticipated execution challenges. The authors recommend that future CIP development efforts use a long-term partnership strategy that fosters accountability by encompassing both the short-term goal of developing the CIP and the longer-term goal of achieving the CIP objectives. Although this study focused on Uganda's CIP for family planning, its lessons have implications for any policy or strategy development efforts that require multiple stakeholders to ensure successful execution. C1 [Lipsky, Alyson B.] RTI Int, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. [Gribble, James N.; Sharma, Suneeta] Palladium, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. [Cahaelen, Linda] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Lipsky, AB (reprint author), RTI Int, Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. EM alipsky@rti.org NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH-SCI PRAC JI Glob. Health PD JUN PY 2016 VL 4 IS 2 BP 284 EP 299 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00300 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DQ4DP UT WOS:000379154400010 PM 27353621 ER PT J AU Malarcher, S Fabic, MS Spieler, J Starbird, EH Kenon, C Jordan, S AF Malarcher, Shawn Fabic, Madeleine Short Spieler, Jeff Starbird, Ellen H. Kenon, Clifton Jordan, Sandra TI Response to Austad: Offering a Range of Methods, Including Fertility Awareness Methods, Facilitates Method Choice SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article C1 [Malarcher, Shawn; Fabic, Madeleine Short; Starbird, Ellen H.; Kenon, Clifton; Jordan, Sandra] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Malarcher, S (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM smalarcher@usaid.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH-SCI PRAC JI Glob. Health PD JUN PY 2016 VL 4 IS 2 BP 346 EP 349 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00115 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DQ4DP UT WOS:000379154400016 PM 27353627 ER PT J AU Choi, Y Fabic, MS Adetunji, J AF Choi, Yoonjoung Fabic, Madeleine Short Adetunji, Jacob TI Measuring Access to Family Planning: Conceptual Frameworks and DHS Data SO STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-CARE; HEALTH-CARE; UNMET NEED; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; CONTRACEPTIVE USE; ACCESSIBILITY; AVAILABILITY; RECALL; WOMEN; DIFFERENTIALS AB Expanding access to family planning (FP) is a driving aim of global and national FP efforts. The definition and measurement of access, however, remain nebulous, largely due to complexity. This article aims to bring clarity to the measurement of FP access. First, we synthesize key access elements for measurement by reviewing three well-known frameworks. We then assess the extent to which the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)a widely used data source for FP programs and researchhas information to measure these elements. We finally examine barriers to access by element, using the latest DHS data from four countries in sub-Saharan Africa. We discuss opportunities and limitations in the measurement of access, the importance of careful interpretation of data from population-based surveys, and recommendations for collecting and using data to better measure access. C1 [Choi, Yoonjoung] US Agcy Int Dev, Populat & Metr, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Fabic, Madeleine Short; Adetunji, Jacob] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Choi, Y (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Populat & Metr, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM ychoi@usaid.gov NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0039-3665 EI 1728-4465 J9 STUD FAMILY PLANN JI Stud. Fam. Plan. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 47 IS 2 BP 145 EP 161 DI 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2016.00059.x PG 17 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DP8CM UT WOS:000378725500003 PM 27285425 ER PT J AU Jubach, R Tokar, AS AF Jubach, Robert Tokar, A. Sezin TI International Severe Weather and Flash Flood Hazard Early Warning Systems-Leveraging Coordination, Cooperation, and Partnerships through a Hydrometeorological Project in Southern Africa SO WATER LA English DT Article DE early warning; hydrometeorological hazards; severe weather; flash flood guidance; disaster risk reduction AB Climate, weather and water hazards do not recognize national boundaries. Transboundary/regional programs and cooperation are essential to reduce the loss of lives and damage to livelihoods when facing these hazards. The development and implementation of systems to provide early warnings for severe weather events such as cyclones and flash floods requires data and information sharing in real time, and coordination among the government agencies at all levels. Within a country, this includes local, municipal, provincial-to-national levels as well as regional and international entities involved in hydrometeorological services and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). Of key importance are the National Meteorological and Hydrologic Services (NMHSs). The NMHS is generally the authority solely responsible for issuing warnings for these hazards. However, in many regions of the world, the linkages and interfaces between the NMHS and other agencies are weak or non-existent. Therefore, there is a critical need to assess, strengthen, and formalize collaborations when addressing the concept of reducing risk and impacts from severe weather and floods. The U.S. Agency for International Development/Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance; the United Nations World Meteorological Organization (WMO); the WMO Southern Africa Regional Specialized Meteorological Center, hosted by the South African Weather Service; the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Weather Service and the Hydrologic Research Center (a non-profit corporation) are currently implementing a project working with Southern Africa NMHSs on addressing this gap. The project aims to strengthen coordination and collaboration mechanisms from national to local levels. The project partners are working with the NMHSs to apply and implement appropriate tools and infrastructure to enhance currently operational severe weather and flash flood early warning systems in each country in support of delivery and communication of warnings for the DRR entities at the regional, national and local levels in order to reduce the loss of life and property. C1 [Jubach, Robert] Hydrol Res Ctr, 12555 High Bluff Dr, San Diego, CA 92130 USA. [Tokar, A. Sezin] US Agcy Int Dev, Off US Foreign Disaster Assistance, Ronald Reagan Bldg, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Jubach, R (reprint author), Hydrol Res Ctr, 12555 High Bluff Dr, San Diego, CA 92130 USA. EM rjubach@hrcwater.org; stokar@usaid.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 11 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD JUN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 6 AR 258 DI 10.3390/w8060258 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DP9XN UT WOS:000378851300042 ER PT J AU Moore, SC Lee, IM Weiderpass, E Campbell, PT Sampson, JN Kitahara, CM Keadle, SK Arem, H de Gonzalez, AB Hartge, P Adami, HO Blair, CK Borch, KB Boyd, E Check, DP Fournier, A Freedman, ND Gunter, M Johannson, M Khaw, KT Linet, MS Orsini, N Park, Y Riboli, E Robien, K Schairer, C Sesso, H Spriggs, M Van Dusen, R Wolk, A Matthews, CE Patel, AV AF Moore, Steven C. Lee, I-Min Weiderpass, Elisabete Campbell, Peter T. Sampson, Joshua N. Kitahara, Cari M. Keadle, Sarah K. Arem, Hannah de Gonzalez, Amy Berrington Hartge, Patricia Adami, Hans-Olov Blair, Cindy K. Borch, Kristin B. Boyd, Eric Check, David P. Fournier, Agness Freedman, Neal D. Gunter, Marc Johannson, Mattias Khaw, Kay-Tee Linet, Martha S. Orsini, Nicola Park, Yikyung Riboli, Elio Robien, Kim Schairer, Catherine Sesso, Howard Spriggs, Michael Van Dusen, Roy Wolk, Alicja Matthews, Charles E. Patel, Alpa V. TI Association of Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Risk of 26 Types of Cancer in 1.44 Million Adults SO JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTMENOPAUSAL BREAST-CANCER; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BODY-MASS INDEX; NIH-AARP DIET; UNITED-STATES; SEX-HORMONES; LUNG-CANCER; WEIGHT-GAIN; METAANALYSIS; WOMEN AB IMPORTANCE Leisure-time physical activity has been associated with lower risk of heart-disease and all-cause mortality, but its association with risk of cancer is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To determine the association of leisure-time physical activity with incidence of common types of cancer and whether associations vary by body size and/or smoking. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We pooled data from 12 prospective US and European cohorts with self-reported physical activity (baseline, 1987-2004). We used multivariable Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for associations of leisure-time physical activity with incidence of 26 types of cancer. Leisure-time physical activity levels were modeled as cohort-specific percentiles on a continuous basis and cohort-specific results were synthesized by random-effects meta-analysis. Hazard ratios for high vs low levels of activity are based on a comparison of risk at the 90th vs 10th percentiles of activity. The data analysis was performed from January 1, 2014, to June 1, 2015. EXPOSURES Leisure-time physical activity of a moderate to vigorous intensity. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident cancer during follow-up. RESULTS A total of 1.44 million participants (median [range] age, 59 [19-98] years; 57% female) and 186 932 cancers were included. High vs low levels of leisure-time physical activity were associated with lower risks of 13 cancers: esophageal adenocarcinoma (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.37-0.89), liver (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55-0.98), lung (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.71-0.77), kidney (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.70-0.85), gastric cardia (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64-0.95), endometrial (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68-0.92), myeloid leukemia (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70-0.92), myeloma (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.95), colon (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77-0.91), head and neck (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78-0.93), rectal (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80-0.95), bladder (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.82-0.92), and breast (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87-0.93). Body mass index adjustment modestly attenuated associations for several cancers, but 10 of 13 inverse associations remained statistically significant after this adjustment. Leisure-time physical activity was associated with higher risks of malignant melanoma (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.16-1.40) and prostate cancer (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.08). Associations were generally similar between overweight/obese and normal-weight individuals. Smoking status modified the association for lung cancer but not other smoking-related cancers. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Leisure-time physical activity was associated with lower risks of many cancer types. Health care professionals counseling inactive adults should emphasize that most of these associations were evident regardless of body size or smoking history, supporting broad generalizability of findings. C1 [Moore, Steven C.; Sampson, Joshua N.; Kitahara, Cari M.; Keadle, Sarah K.; Arem, Hannah; de Gonzalez, Amy Berrington; Hartge, Patricia; Check, David P.; Freedman, Neal D.; Linet, Martha S.; Schairer, Catherine; Matthews, Charles E.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Lee, I-Min; Sesso, Howard] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Weiderpass, Elisabete; Adami, Hans-Olov] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. [Weiderpass, Elisabete; Borch, Kristin B.] Univ Tromso, Arctic Univ Norway, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Community Med, Tromso, Norway. [Weiderpass, Elisabete] Folkhalsan Res Ctr, Genet Epidemiol Grp, Helsinki, Finland. [Weiderpass, Elisabete] Canc Registry Norway, Inst Populat Based Canc Res, Dept Res, Oslo, Norway. [Campbell, Peter T.; Patel, Alpa V.] Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol Res Program, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Arem, Hannah] USAID Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Adami, Hans-Olov] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA. [Blair, Cindy K.] Univ New Mexico, Div Epidemiol Biostat & Prevent Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Boyd, Eric; Spriggs, Michael; Van Dusen, Roy] Information Management Serv Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Fournier, Agness] Inst Gustave Roussy, Ctr Res Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Villejuif, France. [Gunter, Marc; Riboli, Elio] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, London, England. [Gunter, Marc] Int Agcy Res Canc, Sect Nutr & Metab, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, F-69372 Lyon, France. [Johannson, Mattias] Int Agcy Res Canc, Genet Epidemiol Grp, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, F-69372 Lyon, France. [Johannson, Mattias] Umea Univ, Dept Biobank Res, Umea, Sweden. [Khaw, Kay-Tee] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Publ Hlth, Cambridge, England. [Orsini, Nicola; Wolk, Alicja] Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Unit Nutr Epidemiol, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. [Park, Yikyung] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Publ Hlth Sci, St Louis, MO USA. [Robien, Kim] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Milken Inst, Dept Exercise & Nutr Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Moore, SC (reprint author), Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 9609 Med Ctr Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM moorest@mail.nih.gov RI Weiderpass, Elisabete/M-4029-2016; Kitahara, Cari/R-8267-2016; Moore, Steven/D-8760-2016; OI Weiderpass, Elisabete/0000-0003-2237-0128; Moore, Steven/0000-0002-8169-1661; Robien, Kim/0000-0002-2120-2280 FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) FX This study was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Details regarding funding for the individual studies are listed in the eAcknowledgments in the Supplement. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 9 U2 10 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 2168-6106 EI 2168-6114 J9 JAMA INTERN MED JI JAMA Intern. Med. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 176 IS 6 BP 816 EP 825 DI 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.1548 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DN6KU UT WOS:000377184000022 PM 27183032 ER PT J AU Payne, RO Milne, KH Elias, SC Edwards, NJ Douglas, AD Brown, RE Silk, SE Biswas, S Miura, K Roberts, R Rampling, TW Venkatraman, N Hodgson, SH Labbe, GM Halstead, FD Poulton, ID Nugent, FL de Graaf, H Sukhtankar, P Williams, NC Ockenhouse, CF Kathcart, AK Qabar, AN Waters, NC Soisson, LA Birkett, AJ Cooke, GS Faust, SN Woods, C Ivinson, K McCarthy, JS Diggs, CL Vekemans, J Long, CA Hill, AVS Lawrie, AM Dutta, S Draper, SJ AF Payne, Ruth O. Milne, Kathryn H. Elias, Sean C. Edwards, Nick J. Douglas, Alexander D. Brown, Rebecca E. Silk, Sarah E. Biswas, Sumi Miura, Kazutoyo Roberts, Rachel Rampling, Thomas W. Venkatraman, Navin Hodgson, Susanne H. Labbe, Genevieve M. Halstead, Fenella D. Poulton, Ian D. Nugent, Fay L. de Graaf, Hans Sukhtankar, Priya Williams, Nicola C. Ockenhouse, Christian F. Kathcart, April K. Qabar, Aziz N. Waters, Norman C. Soisson, Lorraine A. Birkett, Ashley J. Cooke, Graham S. Faust, Saul N. Woods, Colleen Ivinson, Karen McCarthy, James S. Diggs, Carter L. Vekemans, Johan Long, Carole A. Hill, Adrian V. S. Lawrie, Alison M. Dutta, Sheetij Draper, Simon J. TI Demonstration of the Blood-Stage Plasmodium falciparum Controlled Human Malaria Infection Model to Assess Efficacy of the P. falciparum Apical Membrane Antigen 1 Vaccine, FMP2.1/AS01 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE malaria; AMA1; vaccine; blood stage; CHMI ID PARASITE MULTIPLICATION RATES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CLINICAL-TRIAL; IMMUNOGENICITY; ANTIBODY; SAFETY; SPOROZOITES; VOLUNTEERS; CHALLENGE; PROTEIN AB Background. Models of controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) initiated by mosquito bite have been widely used to assess efficacy of preerythrocytic vaccine candidates in small proof-of-concept phase 2a clinical trials. Efficacy testing of blood-stage malaria parasite vaccines, however, has generally relied on larger-scale phase 2b field trials in malaria-endemic populations. We report the use of a blood-stage P. falciparum CHMI model to assess blood-stage vaccine candidates, using their impact on the parasite multiplication rate (PMR) as the primary efficacy end point. Methods. Fifteen healthy United Kingdom adult volunteers were vaccinated with FMP2.1, a protein vaccine that is based on the 3D7 clone sequence of apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) and formulated in Adjuvant System 01 (AS01). Twelve vaccinees and 15 infectivity controls subsequently underwent blood-stage CHMI. Parasitemia was monitored by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, and PMR was modeled from these data. Results. FMP2.1/AS01 elicited anti-AMA1 T-cell and serum antibody responses. Analysis of purified immunoglobulin G showed functional growth inhibitory activity against P. falciparum in vitro. There were no vaccine-or CHMI-related safety concerns. All volunteers developed blood-stage parasitemia, with no impact of the vaccine on PMR. Conclusions. FMP2.1/AS01 demonstrated no efficacy after blood-stage CHMI. However, the model induced highly reproducible infection in all volunteers and will accelerate proof-of-concept testing of future blood-stage vaccine candidates. C1 [Payne, Ruth O.; Milne, Kathryn H.; Elias, Sean C.; Edwards, Nick J.; Douglas, Alexander D.; Brown, Rebecca E.; Silk, Sarah E.; Biswas, Sumi; Rampling, Thomas W.; Venkatraman, Navin; Hodgson, Susanne H.; Labbe, Genevieve M.; Halstead, Fenella D.; Nugent, Fay L.; Hill, Adrian V. S.; Draper, Simon J.] Univ Oxford, Jenner Inst Labs, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Payne, Ruth O.; Roberts, Rachel; Rampling, Thomas W.; Venkatraman, Navin; Hodgson, Susanne H.; Poulton, Ian D.; Lawrie, Alison M.] Univ Oxford, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Williams, Nicola C.] Univ Oxford, Ctr Stat Med, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Williams, Nicola C.] Univ Oxford, Botnar Res Ctr, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [de Graaf, Hans; Sukhtankar, Priya; Faust, Saul N.] Univ Hosp Southampton Natl Hlth Serv NHS Fdn Trus, Natl Inst Hlth Res NIHR Wellcome Trust Clin Res F, Southampton, Hants, England. [de Graaf, Hans; Sukhtankar, Priya; Faust, Saul N.] Univ Southampton, Fac Med, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. [Cooke, Graham S.] Imperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, NIHR Wellcome Trust Clin Res Facil, London, England. [Miura, Kazutoyo; Long, Carole A.] NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Ockenhouse, Christian F.; Kathcart, April K.; Qabar, Aziz N.; Waters, Norman C.; Dutta, Sheetij] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Mil Malaria Res Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Ockenhouse, Christian F.; Birkett, Ashley J.; Woods, Colleen; Ivinson, Karen] PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiat, Washington, DC USA. [Soisson, Lorraine A.; Diggs, Carter L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [McCarthy, James S.] QIMR Berghofer Med Res Inst, Herston, Qld, Australia. [Vekemans, Johan] GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rixensart, Belgium. RP Payne, RO (reprint author), Churchill Hosp, CCVTM, Old Rd, Oxford OX3 7LE, England. EM ruth.payne@ndm.ox.ac.uk FU PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI), through the Infectious Disease Division, Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development [GHS-A-00-04-00016-00]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; United Kingdom National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) infrastructure, through the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre; United Kingdom National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) infrastructure, through Southampton NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility; United Kingdom National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) infrastructure, through Imperial College NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility; Wellcome Trust [089455/2/09/Z, 097940/Z/11/Z]; St Catherine's College, Oxford University; Nuffield Department of Medicine; Jenner Institute; Lister Institute; United Kingdom Medical Research Council (MRC); Department for International Development (DFID); EDCTP2 program; European Union (MRC) [G1000527] FX This work was supported by the PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI), through the Infectious Disease Division, Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development (under cooperative agreement GHS-A-00-04-00016-00); by the Intramural Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; by the United Kingdom National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) infrastructure, through the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, the Southampton NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, and the Imperial College NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility; by the Wellcome Trust (research training fellowships 089455/2/09/Z [to A. D. D.] and 097940/Z/11/Z [to S. H. H.]); by St Catherine's College, Oxford University (junior research fellowship to S. B.) and Nuffield Department of Medicine leadership fellowship (to S. B.); by the Jenner Institute (Jenner Investigator appointments to A. V. S. H. and S. J. D.); by the Lister Institute (research prize fellowship to S. J. D.); and, jointly, by the United Kingdom Medical Research Council (MRC) and Department for International Development (DFID), under the MRC/DFID Concordat agreement, and by the EDCTP2 program, supported by the European Union (MRC career development fellowship G1000527 to S. J. D.). NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 213 IS 11 BP 1743 EP 1751 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiw039 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA DO0BC UT WOS:000377443400011 PM 26908756 ER PT J AU Hallett, TB Anderson, SJ Asante, CA Bartlett, N Bendaud, V Bhatt, S Burgert, CR Cuadros, DF Dzangare, J Fecht, D Gething, PW Ghys, PD Guwani, JM Heard, NJ Kalipeni, E Kandala, NB Kim, AA Kwao, ID Larmarange, J Manda, SOM Moise, IK Montana, LS Mwai, DN Mwalili, S Shortridge, A Tanser, F Wanyeki, I Zulu, L AF Hallett, Timothy B. Anderson, Sarah-Jane Asante, Cynthia Adobea Bartlett, Noah Bendaud, Victoria Bhatt, Samir Burgert, Clara R. Cuadros, Diego Fernando Dzangare, Janet Fecht, Daniela Gething, Peter William Ghys, Peter D. Guwani, James M. Heard, Nathan Joseph Kalipeni, Ezekiel Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin Kim, Andrea A. Kwao, Isaiah Doe Larmarange, Joseph Manda, Samuel O. M. Moise, Imelda K. Montana, Livia S. Mwai, Daniel N. Mwalili, Samuel Shortridge, Ashton Tanser, Frank Wanyeki, Ian Zulu, Leo CA Subnatl Estimates Working Grp HIV TI Evaluation of geospatial methods to generate subnational HIV prevalence estimates for local level planning SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE health planning/organization and administration; health policy; HIV infections/epidemiology; HIV seroprevalence; HIV/infections prevention and control; population surveillance/methods ID POPULATION-BASED SURVEYS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; ENDEMICITY; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; MODEL; RISK AB Objective: There is evidence of substantial subnational variation in the HIV epidemic. However, robust spatial HIV data are often only available at high levels of geographic aggregation and not at the finer resolution needed for decision making. Therefore, spatial analysis methods that leverage available data to provide local estimates of HIV prevalence may be useful. Such methods exist but have not been formally compared when applied to HIV. Design/methods: Six candidate methods - including those used by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS to generate maps and a Bayesian geostatistical approach applied to other diseases - were used to generate maps and subnational estimates of HIV prevalence across three countries using cluster level data from household surveys. Two approaches were used to assess the accuracy of predictions: internal validation, whereby a proportion of input data is held back (test dataset) to challenge predictions; and comparison with location-specific data from household surveys in earlier years. Results: Each of the methods can generate usefully accurate predictions of prevalence at unsampled locations, with the magnitude of the error in predictions similar across approaches. However, the Bayesian geostatistical approach consistently gave marginally the strongest statistical performance across countries and validation procedures. Conclusions: Available methods may be able to furnish estimates of HIV prevalence at finer spatial scales than the data currently allow. The subnational variation revealed can be integrated into planning to ensure responsiveness to the spatial features of the epidemic. The Bayesian geostatistical approach is a promising strategy for integrating HIV data to generate robust local estimates. Copyright (C) 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hallett, Timothy B.; Anderson, Sarah-Jane; Subnatl Estimates Working Grp HIV] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, St Marys Campus,Norfolk Pl, London W2 1PG, England. [Asante, Cynthia Adobea; Kwao, Isaiah Doe] Ghana AIDS Commiss, Accra, Ghana. [Bartlett, Noah] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Bendaud, Victoria; Ghys, Peter D.] UNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. [Bhatt, Samir; Gething, Peter William] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. [Burgert, Clara R.] ICF Int, Demog & Hlth Surveillance Program, Rockville, MD USA. [Cuadros, Diego Fernando] Cornell Univ, Weill Cornell Med Coll Qatar, Qatar Fdn Educ City, Doha, Qatar. [Dzangare, Janet] Minist Hlth & Child Care, AIDS & TB Unit, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Fecht, Daniela] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Small Area Hlth Stat Unit, London, England. [Guwani, James M.] UNAIDS, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Heard, Nathan Joseph] US Dept State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Kalipeni, Ezekiel] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL USA. [Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin] Northumbria Univ, Dept Math & Informat Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. [Kim, Andrea A.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Larmarange, Joseph] IRD, CePeD, Paris, France. [Manda, Samuel O. M.] South African Med Res Council, Biostat Res Unit, Pretoria, South Africa. [Manda, Samuel O. M.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. [Moise, Imelda K.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Montana, Livia S.] Harvard Univ, Ctr Populat & Dev Studies, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mwai, Daniel N.] Univ Nairobi, Palladium Grp, Nairobi, Kenya. [Mwai, Daniel N.] USAID Hlth Policy Project, Nairobi, Kenya. [Mwalili, Samuel] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nairobi, Kenya. [Shortridge, Ashton; Zulu, Leo] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Tanser, Frank] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Africa Ctr Hlth & Populat Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa. [Tanser, Frank] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Nursing & Publ Hlth, Durban, South Africa. [Wanyeki, Ian] Futures Grp Inc, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Anderson, SJ (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, St Marys Campus,Norfolk Pl, London W2 1PG, England. EM sarah-jane.anderson@imperial.ac.uk FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX This study was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through a grant for the HIV Modelling Consortium (www.hivmodelling.org) to Imperial College London. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1467 EP 1474 DI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001075 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA DM6JH UT WOS:000376457300017 ER PT J AU Massad, S Deckelbaum, RJ Gebre-Medhin, M Holleran, S Dary, O Obeidi, M Bordelois, P Khammash, U AF Massad, Salwa Deckelbaum, Richard J. Gebre-Medhin, Mehari Holleran, Steve Dary, Omar Obeidi, Maysoun Bordelois, Paula Khammash, Umaiyeh TI Double Burden of Undernutrition and Obesity in Palestinian Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study SO FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE malnutrition; physical activity; schoolchildren; Palestine ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; TELEVISION; GAZA; INTERVENTION; OVERWEIGHT; PARADOX; HEALTH AB Background: The coexistence of underweight and overweight (double burden) remains a major problem in many developing countries. Little is known about the factors associated with the double burden of malnutrition in Palestinian children. Objective: To assess factors associated with undernutrition and overnutrition in 1500 schoolchildren aged 5 to 16 years, in the West Bank. Methods: We surveyed a sample of 22 schools run by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) and the Palestinian government. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with malnutrition. The hunger index, a composite score from 8 questions, was used to measure food insecurity. Results: In the 1484 children enrolled in UNRWA and government schools in the West Bank, the prevalence of stunting was 7% and underweight 3%. Around 12% of students were overweight and 6% obese. The hunger index was negatively associated with height for age. Factors associated with being underweight were male sex, mother being unemployed, and households not having enough food to eat for at least 2 days in the previous month. Factors associated with obesity were older age and time spent watching television. When overweight and obesity were combined in the analysis, they were inversely associated with increasing number of days spent playing sports. Conclusion: Our results show that the important nutritional risks for school-age children in the West Bank would seem to be the simultaneous occurrence of undernutrition and obesity. The study highlights the need to balance obesity management and prevention with interventions to tackle undernutrition. C1 [Massad, Salwa] Palestinian Natl Inst Publ Hlth, POB 1548, Ramallah, West Bank, Israel. [Massad, Salwa] Juzoor Hlth & Social Dev, POB 1548, Ramallah, West Bank, Israel. [Deckelbaum, Richard J.; Holleran, Steve] Columbia Univ, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Deckelbaum, Richard J.; Holleran, Steve; Bordelois, Paula] Columbia Univ, Inst Human Nutr, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Gebre-Medhin, Mehari] Univ Uppsala Hosp, Pediat, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Uppsala, Sweden. [Dary, Omar] USAID Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Obeidi, Maysoun] UNICEF, Jerusalem, Israel. [Khammash, Umaiyeh] UNRWA, Dept Hlth, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Massad, S (reprint author), Palestinian Natl Inst Publ Hlth, POB 1548, Ramallah, West Bank, Israel.; Massad, S (reprint author), Juzoor Hlth & Social Dev, POB 1548, Ramallah, West Bank, Israel. EM salwamassad@gmail.com FU UNRWA; UNICEF; Juzoor for Health and Social Development; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was supported by funds from UNRWA, UNICEF, Juzoor for Health and Social Development, and the Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0379-5721 EI 1564-8265 J9 FOOD NUTR BULL JI Food Nutr. Bull. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 37 IS 2 BP 144 EP 152 DI 10.1177/0379572116637720 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA DM9EO UT WOS:000376667800003 PM 27026740 ER PT J AU Pequegnat, W Hartwell, TD Green, AM Strader, LC AF Pequegnat, Willo Hartwell, Tyler D. Green, Annette M. Strader, Lisa C. CA Natl Inst Mental Hlth Collaborativ TI How Many Sexual Partners of an Individual Need to Be Evaluated to Capture HIV/STI Risk Behavior in a Study? SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE High risk sexual behavior; Number of sexual partners; Assessment of HIV risk; Questionnaire design; HIV; Sexually transmitted infections AB Investigators conducting HIV studies ask participants multiple questions about sexual risk behaviors with their partners to ensure that they can describe the level of HIV risky sexual behavior. The assessment should be as short as possible because of the expense of collecting the data, the burden to the research subject, and ethical concerns. This study used data from the NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial to answer the question about how many non-spousal/non live-in partners a research participant needs to be asked about to capture sufficient sexual risk behavior (not using a condom with a non-spousal/non live-in partner in the last 3 months). The data provided evidence that 95 % of the sexual risk behavior was captured by asking about two partners while 98 % was captured by three partners. As research funds become increasingly limited, it is important to design as parsimonious and robust a study as possible. C1 [Pequegnat, Willo] Salix Hlth Consulting Inc, 4977 Battery Lane,Suite 916, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Pequegnat, Willo] USAID, 4977 Battery Lane,Suite 916, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Hartwell, Tyler D.; Green, Annette M.; Strader, Lisa C.] Res Triangle Inst Int, Durham, NC USA. RP Pequegnat, W (reprint author), Salix Hlth Consulting Inc, 4977 Battery Lane,Suite 916, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA.; Pequegnat, W (reprint author), USAID, 4977 Battery Lane,Suite 916, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM WPeck.salix@verizon.net FU National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [UlOMH061499, UlOMH061513, UlOMH061536, UlOMH061537, UlOMH061543, UlOMH061544] FX This study was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) through the Cooperative Agreement mechanism (UlOMH061499, UlOMH061513, UlOMH061536, UlOMH061537, UlOMH061543, UlOMH061544). We would also like to acknowledge all those who participated in and staffed the NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 EI 1573-3254 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS Behav. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1353 EP 1359 DI 10.1007/s10461-015-1137-4 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA DM4FB UT WOS:000376300700021 PM 26350636 ER PT J AU Garley, A Eckert, E Sie, A Ye, M Malm, K Afari, EA Sawadogo, M Herrera, S Ivanovich, E Ye, Y AF Garley, Ashley Eckert, Erin Sie, Ali Ye, Maurice Malm, Keziah Afari, Edwin A. Sawadogo, Mamadou Herrera, Samantha Ivanovich, Elizabeth Ye, Yazoume TI Strengthening individual capacity in monitoring and evaluation of malaria control programmes to streamline M&E systems and enhance information use in malaria endemic countries SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Capacity building; Monitoring and evaluation; Health information systems; Malaria; Training; Ghana; Burkina Faso ID SUPPORT AB Background: Malaria control interventions in most endemic countries have intensified in recent years and so there is a need for a robust monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system to measure progress and achievements. Providing programme and M&E officers with the appropriate skills is a way to strengthen malaria's M&E systems and enhance information use for programmes' implementation. This paper describes a recent effort in capacity strengthening for malaria M&E in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods: From 2010 to 2014, capacity-strengthening efforts consisted of organizing regional in-person workshops for M&E of malaria programmes for Anglophone and Francophone countries in SSA in collaboration with partners from Ghana and Burkina Faso. Open-sourced online courses were also available in English. A post-workshop assessment was conducted after 5 years to assess the effects of these regional workshops and identify gaps in capacity. Results: The regional workshops trained 181 participants from 28 countries from 2010 to 2014. Trained participants were from ministries of health, national malaria control and elimination programmes, non-governmental organizations, and development partners. The average score (%) for participants' knowledge tests increased from pretest to posttest for Anglophone workshops (2011: 59 vs. 76, 2012: 41 vs. 63, 2013: 51 vs. 73; 2014: 50 vs. 74). Similarly, Francophone workshop posttest scores increased, but were lower than Anglophone due to higher scores at pretest. (2011: 70 vs. 76, 2012: 74 vs. 79, 2013: 61 vs. 68; 2014: 64 vs. 75). Results of the post-workshop assessment revealed that participants retained practical M&E knowledge and skills for malaria programs, but there is a need for a module on malaria surveillance adapted to the pre-elimination context. Conclusion: The workshops were successful because of the curriculum content, facilitation quality, and the engagement of partner institutions with training expertise. Results from the post-workshop assessment will guide the curriculum's development and restructuring for the next phase of workshops. Country-specific malaria M&E capacity needs assessments may also inform this process as countries reduce malaria burden. C1 [Garley, Ashley; Herrera, Samantha; Ye, Yazoume] ICF Int, MEASURE Evaluat, 530 Gaither Rd,Suite 500, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Eckert, Erin] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Sie, Ali; Ye, Maurice] CRSN, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Malm, Keziah; Afari, Edwin A.] Univ Legon, Sch Publ Hlth, Accra, Ghana. [Malm, Keziah] Natl Malaria Control Programme, Accra, Ghana. [Sawadogo, Mamadou] Univ Ouagadougou, Ctr Rech Int Sante, Unite Format & Rech, Sci Sante, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Ivanovich, Elizabeth] United Nations Fdn, Washington, DC USA. RP Garley, A (reprint author), ICF Int, MEASURE Evaluat, 530 Gaither Rd,Suite 500, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM Ashley.Garley@icfi.com FU US President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) through United State Agency for International Development (USAID) under terms of MEASURE Evaluation cooperative agreement [AIDOAAL-14-00004] FX This work has been supported by the US President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) through the United State Agency for International Development (USAID) under the terms of MEASURE Evaluation cooperative agreement AIDOAAL-14-00004. Views expressed are not necessarily those of PMI, USAID, or the United State Government. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD MAY 28 PY 2016 VL 15 AR 300 DI 10.1186/s12936-016-1354-y PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA DN6JN UT WOS:000377180200003 PM 27233243 ER PT J AU Shine, T Dunford, B AF Shine, Tara Dunford, Beth TI What value for pastoral livelihoods? An economic valuation of development alternatives for ephemeral wetlands in eastern Mauritania SO PASTORALISM-RESEARCH POLICY AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Ephemeral wetlands; Economic value; Pastoralism; Multiple-use systems; Sustainable development; Climate change AB Pastoralism in Africa faces new challenges in an era of climate change, despite some improvements in policy and legislative frameworks as well as sporadic investment in pastoral development. There are concerns that pastoralism will not be sustainable in a climate-affected world, and this is seeing the return of policies to settle pastoralists and introduce modern cropping. Pastoralism is not yet understood as a specialisation to take advantage of instability and variability, and as a result, the trend has continued towards replacing pastoralism as a livelihood strategy rather than investing in it. It is in this context that a study conducted in eastern Mauritania between 1999 and 2001 is presented here to demonstrate the economic value of ephemeral wetlands as multi-use resources for pastoralism, agriculture and biodiversity. At the time the study was conducted, governments and aid agencies across the Sahel were targeting wetlands as areas of high development potential to combat poverty and increase food security, converting them from multi-use resources to single-use, arable resources. The study assesses the benefits of multiple-use systems compared to such single-use systems through economic valuation of production from the respective systems. Arable agriculture, livestock rearing and botanical and other natural resources are valued in the case of multiple-use systems and compared to arable production from single-use systems. Multiple-use systems are found to out-perform single-use systems based on annual production values, when opportunity costs and the replacement costs of wetland resources are taken into account. The results also show that the multi-use systems are better adapted to a highly variable climate than single-use arable systems that are highly vulnerable to rainfall fluctuations. This has implications for production in a climate-constrained world where diversification and investment in pastoralism as a strategy for managing variability in drylands will be increasingly important. The methodology used to value the wetlands remains relevant 15 years later, as governments, aid agencies and international organisations develop policies to guide pastoralism in dryland systems that are becoming increasingly variable and unpredictable in the face of climate change. C1 [Shine, Tara] 127 Meadows, Belgooly, Cork, Ireland. [Dunford, Beth] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shine, T (reprint author), 127 Meadows, Belgooly, Cork, Ireland. EM tara@tarashine.com NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 2041-7136 J9 PASTORALISM JI Pastoralism PD MAY 24 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 9 DI 10.1186/s13570-016-0057-x PG 18 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DZ6FC UT WOS:000385956000001 ER PT J AU Tadesse, Y Gebre, N Daba, S Gashu, Z Habte, D Hiruy, N Negash, S Melkieneh, K Jerene, D Haile, YK Kassie, Y Melese, M Suarez, PG AF Tadesse, Yared Gebre, Nigussie Daba, Shallo Gashu, Zewdu Habte, Dereje Hiruy, Nebiyu Negash, Solomon Melkieneh, Kassahun Jerene, Degu Haile, Yared K. Kassie, Yewulsew Melese, Muluken Suarez, Pedro G. TI Uptake of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy among Under-Five Children: TB Contact Investigation as an Entry Point SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TUBERCULOSIS; IMPLEMENTATION; HIV; CHALLENGES; DELIVERY; BARRIERS; MALAWI AB A child's risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) can be reduced by nearly 60% with administration of 6 months course of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT). However, uptake of IPT by national TB programs is low, and IPT delivery is a challenge in many resource-limited high TB-burden settings. Routinely collected program data was analyzed to determine the coverage and outcome of implementation of IPT for eligible under-five year old children in 28 health facilities in two regions of Ethiopia. A total of 504 index smear-positive pulmonary TB (SS+) cases were reported between October 2013 and June 2014 in the 28 health facilities. There were 282 under-five children registered as household contacts of these SS+ TB index cases, accounting for 17.9% of all household contacts. Of these, 237 (84%) were screened for TB symptoms, and presumptive TB was identified in 16 (6.8%) children. TB was confirmed in 5 children, producing an overall yield of 2.11% (95% confidence interval, 0.76-4.08%). Of 221 children eligible for IPT, 64.3%(142) received IPT, 80.3% (114) of whom successfully completed six months of therapy. No child developed active TB while on IPT. Contact screening is a good entry point for delivery of IPT to at risk children and should be routine practice as recommended by the WHO despite the implementation challenges. C1 [Tadesse, Yared; Gashu, Zewdu; Habte, Dereje; Hiruy, Nebiyu; Negash, Solomon; Melkieneh, Kassahun; Jerene, Degu; Melese, Muluken] Management Sci Hlth, Help Ethiopia Address Low Performance TB HEAL TB, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Gebre, Nigussie] Amhara Reg Hlth Bur, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. [Daba, Shallo] Oromia Reg Hlth Bur, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Haile, Yared K.; Kassie, Yewulsew] US Agcy Int Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Suarez, Pedro G.] Management Sci Hlth, Hlth Programs Grp, Arlington, VA USA. RP Tadesse, Y (reprint author), Management Sci Hlth, Help Ethiopia Address Low Performance TB HEAL TB, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM ytadesse@msh.org FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through Management Sciences for Health - The Help Ethiopia Address Low Tuberculosis Performance Project (HEAL TB) [AID -663 -A-11-00011] FX The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) supported this work through Management Sciences for Health - The Help Ethiopia Address Low Tuberculosis Performance Project (HEAL TB), under cooperative agreement number AID -663 -A-11-00011. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 19 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 5 AR e0155525 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0155525 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DM4BR UT WOS:000376291100056 PM 27196627 ER PT J AU Graves, SF Kouriba, B Diarra, I Daou, M Niangaly, A Coulibaly, D Keita, Y Laurens, MB Berry, AA Vekemans, J Ballou, WR Lanar, DE Dutta, S Heppner, DG Soisson, L Diggs, CL Thera, MA Doumbo, OK Plowe, CV Sztein, MB Lyke, KE AF Graves, Shawna F. Kouriba, Bourema Diarra, Issa Daou, Modibo Niangaly, Amadou Coulibaly, Drissa Keita, Yamoussa Laurens, Matthew B. Berry, Andrea A. Vekemans, Johan Ballou, W. Ripley Lanar, David E. Dutta, Sheetij Heppner, D. Gray Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter L. Thera, Mahamadou A. Doumbo, Ogobara K. Plowe, Christopher V. Sztein, Marcelo B. Lyke, Kirsten E. TI Strain-specific Plasmodium falciparum multifunctional CD4(+) T cell cytokine expression in Malian children immunized with the FMP2.1/AS02(A) vaccine candidate SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Pediatric; T cell; Multifunctional; AMA1; FMP2.1/AS02(A) ID APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; BLOOD-STAGE MALARIA; MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; INFECTION; ADULTS; IMMUNOGENICITY; EFFICACY AB Based on Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) from strain 3D7, the malaria vaccine candidate FMP2.1/AS02(A) showed strain-specific efficacy in a Phase 2 clinical trial in 400 Malian children randomized to 3 doses of the AMA1 vaccine candidate or control rabies vaccine on days 0, 30 and 60. A subset of 10 Pf(-) (i.e., no clinical malaria episodes) AMA1 recipients, 11 Pf(+) (clinical malaria episodes with parasites with 3D7 or Fab9-type AMA1 cluster 1 loop [c1L]) AMA1 recipients, and 10 controls were randomly chosen for analysis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated on days 0, 90 and 150 were stimulated with full-length 3D7 AMA1 and c1L from strains 3D7 (c3D7) and Fab9 (cFab9). Production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, and/or IL-17A was analyzed by flow cytometry. Among AMA1 recipients, 18/21 evaluable samples stimulated with AMA1 demonstrated increased IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2 derived from CD4(+) T cells by day 150 compared to 0/10 in the control group (p < 0.0001). Among AMA1 vaccines, CD4(+) cells expressing both TNF-alpha and IL-2 were increased in Pf(-) children compared to Pf(+) children. When PBMCs were stimulated with c3D7 and cFab9 separately, 4/18 AMA1 recipients with an AMA1-specific CD4(+) response had a significant response to one or both c1L. This suggests that recognition of the AMA1 antigen is not dependent upon c1L alone. In summary, AMA1-specific T cell responses were notably increased in children immunized with an AMA1-based vaccine candidate. The role of CD4(+)TNF-alpha IL-2(+)-expressing T cells in vaccine-induced strain-specific protection against clinical malaria requires further exploration. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Graves, Shawna F.; Laurens, Matthew B.; Berry, Andrea A.; Plowe, Christopher V.; Sztein, Marcelo B.; Lyke, Kirsten E.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, 685 W Baltimore St,HSF 1 Room 480, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Kouriba, Bourema; Diarra, Issa; Daou, Modibo; Niangaly, Amadou; Coulibaly, Drissa; Keita, Yamoussa; Thera, Mahamadou A.; Doumbo, Ogobara K.] Univ Sci Techn & Technol, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. [Laurens, Matthew B.; Berry, Andrea A.; Plowe, Christopher V.] Univ Maryland, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Vekemans, Johan; Ballou, W. Ripley] GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rixensart, Belgium. [Lanar, David E.; Dutta, Sheetij; Heppner, D. Gray] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Mil Malaria Res Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Lyke, KE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, 685 W Baltimore St,HSF 1 Room 480, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM klyke@medicine.umaryland.edu RI Laurens, Matthew/E-7293-2013 OI Laurens, Matthew/0000-0003-3874-581X FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [N01AI85346, U19AI065683]; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health [D43TW001589]; United States Department of Defense [W81XWH-06-1-0427]; United States Agency for International Development; United States Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C.; Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, Fort Detrick, MD; International Collaboration on Infectious Diseases Research [U01AI065683-06]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute FX We would like to thank the people of Bandiagara, Mali for their participation and support of this vaccine study. The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) kindly provided the purified recombinant AMA1-derived protein FMP2.1 used for cellular stimulation and formed the basis of the FMP2.1/AS02A vaccine candidate for this study. Additionally, we would like to thank GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines for providing the AS02A adjuvant. The conduct of the trial was supported by a contract N01AI85346 and a cooperative agreement U19AI065683 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, grant D43TW001589 from the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health and contract W81XWH-06-1-0427 from the United States Department of Defense and the United States Agency for International Development. Vaccine production was supported by the United States Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C. and by the Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, Fort Detrick, MD. The immunologic assays and SG were funded by contract U01AI065683-06 from the International Collaboration on Infectious Diseases Research. CVP and MBL are supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. This abstract was presented in part to the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Washington, D.C., November 2013, abstract #1443. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 17 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 23 BP 2546 EP 2555 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.019 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA DM9SC UT WOS:000376705000004 PM 27087149 ER PT J AU Fonjungo, PN Osmanov, S Kuritsky, J Ndihokubwayo, JB Bachanas, P Peeling, RW Timperi, R Fine, G Stevens, W Habiyambere, V Nkengasong, JN AF Fonjungo, Peter N. Osmanov, Saladin Kuritsky, Joel Ndihokubwayo, Jean Bosco Bachanas, Pam Peeling, Rosanna W. Timperi, Ralph Fine, Glenn Stevens, Wendy Habiyambere, Vincent Nkengasong, John N. TI Ensuring quality: a key consideration in scaling-up HIV-related point-of-care testing programs SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE misdiagnosis; partnerships; point of care testing; quality assurance cycle; volunteer quality corps AB Objective: The objective of the WHO/US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief consultation was to discuss innovative strategies, offer guidance, and develop a comprehensive policy framework for implementing quality-assured HIV-related point-of-care testing (POCT). Methods: The consultation was attended by representatives from international agencies (WHO, UNICEF, UNITAID, Clinton Health Access Initiative), United States Agency for International Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief Cooperative Agreement Partners, and experts from more than 25 countries, including policy makers, clinicians, laboratory experts, and program implementers. Main outcomes: There was strong consensus among all participants that ensuring access to quality of POCT represents one of the key challenges for the success of HIV prevention, treatment, and care programs. The following four strategies were recommended: implement a newly proposed concept of a sustainable quality assurance cycle that includes careful planning; definition of goals and targets; timely implementation; continuous monitoring; improvements and adjustments, where necessary; and a detailed evaluation; the importance of supporting a cadre of workers [e.g. volunteer quality corps (Q-Corps)] with the role to ensure that the quality assurance cycle is followed and sustained; implementation of the new strategy should be seen as a step-wise process, supported by development of appropriate policies and tools; and joint partnership under the leadership of the ministries of health to ensure sustainability of implementing novel approaches. Conclusion: The outcomes of this consultation have been well received by program implementers in the field. The recommendations also laid the groundwork for developing key policy and quality documents for the implementation of HIV-related POCT. Copyright (C) 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fonjungo, Peter N.; Osmanov, Saladin; Bachanas, Pam; Nkengasong, John N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kuritsky, Joel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Ndihokubwayo, Jean Bosco] WHO, Reg Off Africa, Brazzaville, Rep Congo. [Peeling, Rosanna W.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. [Timperi, Ralph] Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Rockville, MD USA. [Fine, Glenn] Clin & Lab Stand Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Stevens, Wendy] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Mol Med & Haematol, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Stevens, Wendy] Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Natl Prior Program, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Habiyambere, Vincent] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Fonjungo, PN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Lab Branch, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Pfonjungo@cdc.gov FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; World Health Organization FX The consultation has been supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY 15 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1317 EP 1323 DI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001031 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA DL6WR UT WOS:000375781200022 PM 26807969 ER PT J AU Yeebiyo, Y Dengela, D Tesfaye, AG Anshebo, GY Kolyada, L Wirtz, R Chibsa, S Fornadel, C George, K Belemvire, A Taffese, HS Lucas, B AF Yeebiyo, Yemane Dengela, Dereje Tesfaye, Alemayehu Getachew Anshebo, Gedeon Yohannes Kolyada, Lena Wirtz, Robert Chibsa, Sheleme Fornadel, Christen George, Kristen Belemvire, Allison Taffese, Hiwot Solomon Lucas, Bradford TI Short persistence of bendiocarb sprayed on pervious walls and its implication for the indoor residual spray program in Ethiopia SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article DE IRS; Bendiocarb; Propoxur; Anopheles arabiensis; Vector control; Experimental hut; Ethiopia ID MALARIA CONTROL; ANOPHELES-ARABIENSIS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; PIRIMIPHOS-METHYL; 300 CS; INSECTICIDE; RESISTANCE; GAMBIAE; AFRICA; DDT AB Background: With the emergence and spread of vector resistance to pyrethroids and DDT in Africa, several countries have recently switched or are considering switching to carbamates and/or organophosphates for indoor residual spraying (IRS). However, data collected on the residual life of bendiocarb used for IRS in some areas indicate shorter than expected bio-efficacy. This study evaluated the effect of pH and wall type on the residual life of the carbamates bendiocarb and propoxur as measured by the standard World Health Organization (WHO) cone bioassay test. Methods: In phase I of this study, bendiocarb and propoxur were mixed with buffered low pH (pH 4.3) local water and non-buffered high pH (pH 8.0) local water and sprayed on two types of wall surface, mud and dung, in experimental huts. In the six month phase II study, the two insecticides were mixed with high pH local water and sprayed on four different surfaces: painted, dung, mud and mud pre-wetted with water. The residual bio-efficacy of the insecticides was assessed monthly using standard WHO cone bioassay tests. Results: In phase I, bendiocarb mixed with high pH water killed more than 80 % of susceptible Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes for two months on both dung and mud surfaces. On dung surfaces, the 80 % mortality threshold was achieved for three months when the bendiocarb was mixed with low pH water and four months when it was mixed with high pH water. Propoxur lasted longer than bendiocarb on dung surfaces, staying above the 80 % mortality threshold for four and five months when mixed with high and low pH water, respectively. Phase II results also showed that the type of surface sprayed has a significant impact on the bio-efficacy of bendiocarb. Keeping the spray water constant at the same high pH of 8.0, bendiocarb killed 100 % of exposed mosquitoes on impervious painted surfaces for the six months of the study period compared with less than one month on mud surfaces. Conclusions: Mixing the insecticides in alkaline water did not reduce the residual bio-efficacy of bendiocarb. However, bendiocarb performed much better on impervious (painted) surfaces than on porous dung or mud ones. Propoxur was less affected by wall type than was bendiocarb. Studies on the interaction between wall materials, soil, humidity, temperature and pH and the residual bio-efficacy of new and existing insecticides are recommended prior to their wide use in IRS. C1 [Yeebiyo, Yemane; Tesfaye, Alemayehu Getachew; Anshebo, Gedeon Yohannes] Abt Associates Inc, Presidents Malaria Initiat Africa Indoor Residual, Gerji Rd,Sami Bldg,1st Floor, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Dengela, Dereje; Kolyada, Lena; Lucas, Bradford] Abt Associates Inc, Presidents Malaria Initiat Africa Indoor Residual, 4550 Montgomery Ave,Suite 800 North, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Wirtz, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Chibsa, Sheleme] US Agcy Int Dev USAID, Entoto St, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Fornadel, Christen; George, Kristen; Belemvire, Allison] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Bur Global Hlth, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, 10082A,2100 Crystal Dr, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Taffese, Hiwot Solomon] Natl Malaria Control Program, Fed Minist Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Dengela, D (reprint author), Abt Associates Inc, Presidents Malaria Initiat Africa Indoor Residual, 4550 Montgomery Ave,Suite 800 North, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM Dereje_Dengela@abtassoc.com FU President's Malaria Initiative FX We wish to thank all experts and colleagues from the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) and Abt Associates who provided valuable inputs and comments during the preparation of this manuscript, including Dr. Lawrence Barat (PMI USAID) and Dr. Seth Irish (PMI CDC). We gratefully acknowledge the support from Linda Moll with the edits. We also thank the technicians who participated in the field data collection and Ben Johns and Ernest Fletcher for their help with the data analysis. This study was conducted by the United States Agency for International Development's Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project with financial support from the President's Malaria Initiative. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD MAY 5 PY 2016 VL 9 AR 266 DI 10.1186/s13071-016-1549-7 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA DL7QM UT WOS:000375835200001 PM 27151229 ER PT J AU Suhail, N Ali, SA Qidwai, W Ali, SA Iqbal, S Memon, Y Kadir, MM AF Suhail, Nadir Ali, Sumera Aziz Qidwai, Waris Ali, Savera Aziz Iqbal, Saleem Memon, Yousaf Kadir, Mohammad Masood TI Storage of Medicines and Temperature Control at Community Pharmacies in Rural District of Sindh, Pakistan: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study SO WORLD FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Pharmacy; Temperature control; Storage; Medicines ID STABILITY AB Background: Medicines are the essential tools for prevention, cure and control of diseases. If these medicines are ineffective then their aftermath can cause wastage of resources. Medicines lose their required effectiveness due to inadequate storage at required temperature. Objective: The objective was to estimate the proportion of pharmacies with high temperature (> 25 degrees C) inside pharmacy outlets in two talukas (sub-districts) of district Thatta, Sindh Methodology: An exploratory cross sectional study design was conducted from August 2013 to August 2014. All pharmacies of the two talukas were approached by doing a census. Descriptive analysis was done to calculate the frequencies and proportions. Results: All pharmacies (n=62) had a temperature of > 25 degrees C inside the pharmacies. Medicines were exposed to sunlight in 39 (63%) of the pharmacies and 39 (63%) of pharmacies had refrigerators to keep insulin and vaccines. Median duration of electricity shut downs was 12 hours per day and 11% of the pharmacies had back up power supply. Conclusion: More than a quarter of pharmacy owners were aware about maintaining the required temperature of < 25 degrees C but none of them were maintaining required temperature. Considering the electricity shut down, it is important to make cost effective and long term strategies to maintain the efficacy of medicines. Proper legislation needs to be enforced with continuing training programs for pharmacy owners. Further research is required to explore different ways of maintaining required temperature to ensure the adequate efficacy of medicines. C1 [Suhail, Nadir] USAID, Monitoring & Evaluat Consultant Deliver Project, Karachi, Pakistan. [Ali, Sumera Aziz; Iqbal, Saleem; Memon, Yousaf; Kadir, Mohammad Masood] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Karachi, Pakistan. [Qidwai, Waris] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Family Med, Karachi, Pakistan. [Ali, Savera Aziz] Aga Khan Univ, Sch Nursing, Karachi, Pakistan. RP Qidwai, W (reprint author), Aga Khan Univ, Dept Family Med, Karachi, Pakistan. EM waris.qidwai@aku.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDI+WORLD INT PI SHERBROOKE PA 11 COLSTON AVE, SHERBROOKE, VIC 3789, AUSTRALIA SN 1839-0188 EI 1839-0196 J9 WORLD FAM MED JI World Fam. Med. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 14 IS 4 BP 17 EP 27 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DZ4RO UT WOS:000385847300004 ER PT J AU Roy, ED Richards, PD Martinelli, LA Della Coletta, L Lins, SRM Vazquez, FF Willig, E Spera, SA VanWey, LK Porder, S AF Roy, Eric D. Richards, Peter D. Martinelli, Luiz A. Della Coletta, Luciana Machado Lins, Silvia Rafaela Vazquez, Felipe Ferraz Willig, Edwin Spera, Stephanie A. VanWey, Leah K. Porder, Stephen TI The phosphorus cost of agricultural intensification in the tropics SO NATURE PLANTS LA English DT Article ID SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; BRAZIL AB Agricultural intensification in the tropics is one way to meet rising global food demand in coming decades(1,2). Although this strategy can potentially spare land from conversion to agriculture(3), it relies on large material inputs. Here we quantify one such material cost, the phosphorus fertilizer required to intensify global crop production atop phosphorus-fixing soils and achieve yields similar to productive temperate agriculture. Phosphorus-fixing soils occur mainly in the tropics, and render added phosphorus less available to crops(4,5). We estimate that intensification of the 8-12% of global croplands overlying phosphorus-fixing soils in 2005 would require 1-4 Tg P yr(-1) to overcome phosphorus fixation, equivalent to 8-25% of global inorganic phosphorus fertilizer consumption that year. This imposed phosphorus 'tax' is in addition to phosphorus added to soils and subsequently harvested in crops, and doubles (2-7 Tg P yr(-1)) for scenarios of cropland extent in 2050(6). Our estimates are informed by local-, state- and national-scale investigations in Brazil, where, more than any other tropical country, low-yielding agriculture has been replaced by intensive production. In the 11 major Brazilian agricultural states, the surplus of added inorganic fertilizer phosphorus retained by soils post harvest is strongly correlated with the fraction of cropland overlying phosphorus-fixing soils (r(2) = 0.84, p < 0.001). Our interviews with 49 farmers in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso, which produces 8% of the world's soybeans mostly on phosphorus-fixing soils, suggest this phosphorus surplus is required even after three decades of high phosphorus inputs. Our findings in Brazil highlight the need for better understanding of long-term soil phosphorus fixation elsewhere in the tropics. Strategies beyond liming, which is currently widespread in Brazil, are needed to reduce phosphorus retention by phosphorus-fixing soils to better manage the Earth's finite phosphate rock supplies and move towards more sustainable agricultural production. C1 [Roy, Eric D.; Richards, Peter D.; Spera, Stephanie A.; VanWey, Leah K.; Porder, Stephen] Brown Univ, Inst Brown Environm & Soc, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Roy, Eric D.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Richards, Peter D.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Food Secur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Martinelli, Luiz A.; Della Coletta, Luciana; Machado Lins, Silvia Rafaela] Univ Sao Paulo, CENA, Dept Isotop Ecol, BR-13416000 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Vazquez, Felipe Ferraz] Univ Estado Mato Grosso, Dept Econ, BR-78550000 Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil. [Willig, Edwin; Spera, Stephanie A.] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [VanWey, Leah K.] Brown Univ, Dept Sociol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Porder, Stephen] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Roy, ED (reprint author), Brown Univ, Inst Brown Environm & Soc, Providence, RI 02912 USA.; Roy, ED (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM eroy4@uvm.edu RI VanWey, Leah/A-2908-2013; Martinelli, Luiz/F-7870-2011 OI Martinelli, Luiz/0000-0002-7103-7551 FU Institute at Brown for Environment and Society; CAPES; Brazil Initiative at Brown University; National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship in Interdisciplinary Research in Behavioral and Social Sciences (SPRF-IBSS)-NSF Award [1305489, 00000556] FX Funding was provided to E.D.R. and S.P. by the Institute at Brown for Environment and Society. L.A.M.'s contribution to this effort was facilitated by funding from CAPES and the Brazil Initiative at Brown University. Funding was provided to P.D.R. by a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship in Interdisciplinary Research in Behavioral and Social Sciences (SPRF-IBSS)-NSF Award no. 1305489 (Brown University IRB approval no. 00000556). The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily the views and opinions of the United States Agency for International Development. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 17 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2055-026X EI 2055-0278 J9 NAT PLANTS JI Nat. Plants PD MAY PY 2016 VL 2 IS 5 AR 16043 DI 10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.43 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DQ9BH UT WOS:000379504900004 PM 27243646 ER PT J AU Kuruvilla, S Bustreo, F Kuo, T Mishra, CK Taylor, K Fogstad, H Gupta, GR Gilmore, K Temmerman, M Thomas, J Rasanathan, K Chaiban, T Mohan, A Gruending, A Schweitzer, J Dini, HS Borrazzo, J Fassil, H Gronseth, L Khosla, R Cheeseman, R Gorna, R McDougall, L Toure, K Rogers, K Dodson, K Sharma, A Seoane, M Costello, A AF Kuruvilla, Shyama Bustreo, Flavia Kuo, Taona Mishra, C. K. Taylor, Katie Fogstad, Helga Gupta, Geeta Rao Gilmore, Kate Temmerman, Marleen Thomas, Joe Rasanathan, Kumanan Chaiban, Ted Mohan, Anshu Gruending, Anna Schweitzer, Julian Dini, Hannah Sarah Borrazzo, John Fassil, Hareya Gronseth, Lars Khosla, Rajat Cheeseman, Richard Gorna, Robin McDougall, Lori Toure, Kadidiatou Rogers, Kate Dodson, Kate Sharma, Anita Seoane, Marta Costello, Anthony TI The Global strategy for women's, children's and adolesents' health (2016-2030): a roadmap based on evidence and country experience SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ADOLESCENTS HEALTH C1 [Kuruvilla, Shyama; Bustreo, Flavia; Gruending, Anna; Khosla, Rajat; Seoane, Marta; Costello, Anthony] WHO, Ave Appia 20, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [Kuo, Taona; Dini, Hannah Sarah] Execut Off UN Secretary Gen, Every Woman Every Child Hlth Team, New York, NY USA. [Mishra, C. K.; Mohan, Anshu] Govt India, Minist Hlth & Family Welf, New Delhi, India. [Taylor, Katie; Borrazzo, John; Fassil, Hareya] US Agcy Int Dev, Govt United States Amer, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Fogstad, Helga; Gronseth, Lars] Govt Norway, Norwegian Agcy Dev Cooperat, Oslo, Norway. [Gupta, Geeta Rao; Rasanathan, Kumanan; Chaiban, Ted; Rogers, Kate] UN Childrens Fund, New York, NY USA. [Gilmore, Kate] UN Off High Commissioner Human Rights, Geneva, Switzerland. [Temmerman, Marleen] Aga Khan Dev Network, Nairobi, Kenya. [Thomas, Joe] Partners Populat & Dev, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Schweitzer, Julian] Results Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Cheeseman, Richard] Robert Taylor Commun, London, England. [Gorna, Robin; McDougall, Lori; Toure, Kadidiatou] Partnership Maternal Newborn & Child Hlth, Geneva, Switzerland. [Dodson, Kate; Sharma, Anita] UN Fdn, New York, NY USA. RP Kuruvilla, S (reprint author), WHO, Ave Appia 20, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM kuruvillas@who.int FU World Health Organization [001] NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 7 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 EI 1564-0604 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 94 IS 5 BP 398 EP 400 DI 10.2471/BLT.16.170431 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DM6OR UT WOS:000376472800027 PM 27147772 ER PT J AU Chenet, SM Okoth, SA Huber, CS Chandrabose, J Lucchi, NW Talundzic, E Krishnalall, K Ceron, N Musset, L de Oliveira, AM Venkatesan, M Rahman, R Barnwell, JW Udhayakumar, V AF Chenet, Stella M. Okoth, Sheila Akinyi Huber, Curtis S. Chandrabose, Javin Lucchi, Naomi W. Talundzic, Eldin Krishnalall, Karanchand Ceron, Nicolas Musset, Lise de Oliveira, Alexandre Macedo Venkatesan, Meera Rahman, Reyaud Barnwell, John W. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam TI Independent Emergence of the Plasmodium falciparum Kelch Propeller Domain Mutant Allele C580Y in Guyana SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE artemisinin resistance; K13; Plasmodium falciparum; malaria; South America; Guyana; ACT ID ARTEMISININ RESISTANCE; MALARIA; ARTEMETHER; FIXATION; PFMDR1 AB Suspected artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum can be explored by examining polymorphisms in the Kelch (PfK13) propeller domain. Sequencing of PfK13 and other gene resistance markers was performed on 98 samples from Guyana. Five of these samples carried the C580Y allele in the PfK13 propeller domain, with flanking microsatellite profiles different from those observed in Southeast Asia. These molecular data demonstrate independent emergence of the C580Y K13 mutant allele in Guyana, where resistance alleles to previously used drugs are fixed. Therefore, in Guyana and neighboring countries, continued molecular surveillance and periodic assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy are warranted. C1 [Chenet, Stella M.; Okoth, Sheila Akinyi; Huber, Curtis S.; Lucchi, Naomi W.; Talundzic, Eldin; de Oliveira, Alexandre Macedo; Barnwell, John W.; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Malaria Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Bldg 23,M-S D67, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Okoth, Sheila Akinyi; Talundzic, Eldin] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. [Venkatesan, Meera] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Chandrabose, Javin; Krishnalall, Karanchand] Guyana Minist Hlth, Georgetown, Guyana. [Ceron, Nicolas] Pan Amer Hlth Org Guyana, Georgetown, Guyana. [Rahman, Reyaud] Natl Malaria Program, Georgetown, Guyana. [Musset, Lise] Inst Pasteur, NRC Malaria, WHO,Lab Parasitol, Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Antimalarial Drug, Cayenne, French Guiana. RP Chenet, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Malaria Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Bldg 23,M-S D67, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM ynw0@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Antimicrobial Resistance Working Group; Amazon Malaria Initiative; US Agency for International Development; American Society of Microbiology/CDC; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation; Atlanta VA Medical Center FX This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Antimicrobial Resistance Working Group; the Amazon Malaria Initiative, funded by the US Agency for International Development; the American Society of Microbiology/CDC (postdoctoral research fellowship to S. M. C.); and the Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta VA Medical Center (S. A. O. and E. T.). NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2016 VL 213 IS 9 BP 1472 EP 1475 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiv752 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA DM4DM UT WOS:000376295800016 PM 26690347 ER PT J AU Tobian, AAR Reed, J Njeuhmeli, E AF Tobian, Aaron A. R. Reed, Jason Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI An evidence-based analysis of voluntary medical male circumcision devices REPLY SO NATURE REVIEWS UROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID DISPOSABLE DEVICE; UNICIRC C1 [Tobian, Aaron A. R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pathol, Sch Med, Carnegie 437,600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Reed, Jason] JHPIEGO, 1615 Thames St, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, 2100 Crystal Dr,9th Floor, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Tobian, AAR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pathol, Sch Med, Carnegie 437,600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM atobian1@jhmi.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1759-4812 EI 1759-4820 J9 NAT REV UROL JI Nat. Rev. Urol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 13 IS 5 DI 10.1038/nrurol.2016.77 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA DM2PF UT WOS:000376188000011 ER PT J AU Karol, S Tah, T Kenon, C Meyer, J Yazzie, J Stephens, C Merewood, A AF Karol, Susan Tah, Tina Kenon, Clifton Meyer, Jenna Yazzie, Jeannette Stephens, Celissa Merewood, Anne TI Bringing Baby-Friendly to the Indian Health Service: A Systemwide Approach to Implementation SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN LACTATION LA English DT Article DE Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative; breastfeeding; Native American; Indian Health Service ID DIABETES-MELLITUS; PREVALENCE; RATES; DURATION; CHILDREN; BORN AB The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) increases exclusive breastfeeding. Breastfeeding protects against obesity and diabetes, conditions to which American Indians and Alaska Natives are particularly prone. As part of the First Lady's Let's Move! in Indian Country initiative, the US Department of Health and Human Services' Indian Health Service (IHS) began implementing the BFHI in 2011. The IHS administers 13 US birthing hospitals. There are 5 tribally administered hospitals in the lower 48 states that receive IHS funding, and the IHS encouraged them to seek Baby-Friendly designation also. In the 13 federally administered hospitals, the IHS implemented a Baby-Friendly infant feeding policy, extensive clinician training, and Baby-Friendly compatible medical records. All hospitals also became compliant with the World Health Organization's International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes. Strategies and solutions were shared systemwide via webinars and conference calls. Quality improvement methods, technical assistance, and site visits assisted with the implementation process. Between 2011 and December 2014, 100% (13 of 13) of IHS federally administered hospitals gained Baby-Friendly designation. The first Baby-Friendly hospitals in Arizona, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and South Dakota were all IHS sites; 6% of all US Baby-Friendly hospitals are currently IHS hospitals. One tribal site has also been Baby-Friendly designated and 3 of the 5 remaining tribally administered hospitals in the lower 48 states are pursuing Baby-Friendly status. Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative implementation systemwide is possible in a US government agency serving a high-risk, underprivileged population. Other systems looking to implement the BFHI can learn from the IHS model. C1 [Karol, Susan] Indian Hlth Serv, Rockville, MD USA. [Tah, Tina] Indian Hlth Serv, Publ Hlth Nursing, Rockville, MD USA. [Kenon, Clifton] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Meyer, Jenna] Hopi Hosp, Polacca, AZ USA. [Yazzie, Jeannette] Indian Hlth Serv, Navajo Area, Rockville, MD USA. [Stephens, Celissa] Indian Hlth Serv, Div Nursing Serv, Rockville, MD USA. [Merewood, Anne] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Merewood, A (reprint author), Boston Med Ctr, Div Gen Pediat, 88 East Newton St,Vose 3, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM anne.merewood@bmc.org NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0890-3344 EI 1552-5732 J9 J HUM LACT JI J. Hum. Lact. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 32 IS 2 BP 369 EP 372 DI 10.1177/0890334415617751 PG 4 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA DJ8SX UT WOS:000374484500023 PM 26561492 ER PT J AU Reganold, JP Glover, JD AF Reganold, John P. Glover, Jerry D. TI A CURE FOR AFRICAS SOIL SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 [Reganold, John P.] Washington State Univ, Soil Sci & Agroecol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Glover, Jerry D.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Reganold, JP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Soil Sci & Agroecol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 314 IS 5 BP 66 EP 69 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DK2DY UT WOS:000374726000031 PM 27100258 ER PT J AU Conde-Agudelo, A Rosas-Bermudez, A Norton, MH AF Conde-Agudelo, Agustn Rosas-Bermudez, Anyeli Norton, Maureen H. TI Birth Spacing and Risk of Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review ID FOLIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTS; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SHORT INTERPREGNANCY INTERVALS; MATERNAL FOLATE STATUS; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CEREBRAL-PALSY; PREGNANCY INTENTION; PERINATAL OUTCOMES; CHILD HEALTH AB CONTEXT: Both short and long interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) have recently been associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, this association has not been systematically evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between birth spacing and the risk of ASD and other neurodevelopmental disabilities. DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases from their inception to December 2015, bibliographies, and conference proceedings. STUDY SELECTION: Observational studies with results adjusted for potential confounding factors that reported on the association between IPIs or birth intervals and neurodevelopmental disabilities. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently extracted data on study characteristics, IPIs/birth intervals, and outcome measures. RESULTS: Seven studies (1 140 210 children) reported an association between short IPIs and increased risk of ASD, mainly the former subtype autistic disorder. Compared with children born to women with IPIs of >= 36 months, children born to women with IPIs of <12 months had a significantly increased risk of any ASD (pooled adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-3.09). This association was stronger for autistic disorder (pooled adjusted OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.53-4.50). Three of these studies also reported a significant association between long IPIs and increased risk of ASD. Short intervals were associated with a significantly increased risk of developmental delay (3 studies; 174 940 children) and cerebral palsy (2 studies; 19 419 children). LIMITATIONS: Substantial heterogeneity, and few studies assessing neurodevelopmental disabilities other than ASD. CONCLUSIONS: Short IPIs are associated with a significantly increased risk of ASD. Long IPIs also appear to increase the risk of ASD. C1 [Conde-Agudelo, Agustn; Rosas-Bermudez, Anyeli] Univ Valle, World Hlth Org, Collaborating Ctr Human Reprod, Cali, Colombia. [Norton, Maureen H.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Conde-Agudelo, A (reprint author), Calle 58 26-60, Palmira, Colombia. EM condeagu@hotmail.com FU Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health of the US Agency for International Development FX This study was supported by the Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, of the US Agency for International Development, under the terms of a cooperative agreement with the E2A (Evidence to Action for Strengthened Reproductive Health) Project. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2016 VL 137 IS 5 AR e20153482 DI 10.1542/peds.2015-3482 PG 13 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA DK8XZ UT WOS:000375214300028 ER PT J AU Sreedharan, P Farbes, J Cutter, E Woo, CK Wang, J AF Sreedharan, P. Farbes, J. Cutter, E. Woo, C. K. Wang, J. TI Microgrid and renewable generation integration: University of California, San Diego SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Microgrids; Renewables integration; Distributed energy resources; Optimal dispatch; Ancillary services; PV firming ID ENERGY MANAGEMENT; ELECTRICITY-MARKET; WIND POWER; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; CAPACITY MARKETS; STORAGE-SYSTEMS; IMPACT; PRICE; TEXAS; OPTIMIZATION AB This paper is a microgrid study of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), a large campus with diverse distributed energy resources (DER). It highlights a microgrid's "missing money", which sharply differs from a natural-gas-fired generation plant's "missing money" due to large-scale wind generation development. In response to UCSD's expressed financial interest, we assess three strategies for integrating renewable generation: peak load shifting, onsite photovoltaic firming and grid support. While all three strategies are technically feasible and can be cost-effective under certain conditions, California's current tariff structures and market prices do not offer sufficient incentives to motivate UCSD to offer these services. Alternative incentive mechanisms, which may resemble to those used to encourage renewable generation development, are necessary to induce UCSD's DER offer for renewables integration. Such mechanisms are also relevant to commercial and industrial loads across California, including the vast combined heat and power resources. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sreedharan, P.; Cutter, E.] Energy & Environm Econ Inc, 101 Montgomery St,Suite 1600, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Sreedharan, P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Amer Embassy, New Delhi 110021, India. [Farbes, J.] Pacific Gas & Elect Co, 77 Beale St, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Woo, C. K.] Educ Univ Hong Kong, Dept Asian & Policy Studies, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Wang, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sreedharan, P (reprint author), Energy & Environm Econ Inc, 101 Montgomery St,Suite 1600, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. EM priya@ethree.com OI WOO, Chi Keung/0000-0001-8114-3350 FU California Solar Initiative (CSI) Research, Development, Demonstration, and Deployment Program Grant; California Public Utilities Commission FX This research was funded through a California Solar Initiative (CSI) Research, Development, Demonstration, and Deployment Program Grant, supported by the California Public Utilities Commission. We thank our collaborators at the University of California, San Diego, particularly Byron Washom, John Dilliott and Jan Kleissl. We thank our collaborators, formerly from Viridity: Laura Manz, Nancy Miller, and Charles Richter, who served as the prime contractor for the grant. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 EI 1872-9118 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD MAY 1 PY 2016 VL 169 BP 709 EP 720 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.02.053 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DJ4RU UT WOS:000374196200056 ER PT J AU Duan, WL He, B Nover, D Fan, JL Yang, GS Chen, W Meng, HF Liu, CM AF Duan, Weili He, Bin Nover, Daniel Fan, Jingli Yang, Guishan Chen, Wen Meng, Huifang Liu, Chuanming TI Floods and associated socioeconomic damages in China over the last century SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Floods; Mann-Kendall; Socioeconomic damages; Urbanization; China ID YANGTZE-RIVER BASIN; PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; URBANIZATION; IMPACTS; TRENDS; RISK; CLIMATE; JAPAN; AGRICULTURE; MANAGEMENT AB Climate and land-use change increases the probability of heavy rains and flooding. In this study, we present a spatiotemporal evaluation of the changes in floods and associated socioeconomic damage in China over the last century. Results showed that 5-10-year flood were the main problem in flood disasters in China in recent decades. Floods were most common in the Yangtze River basin (27.2 % of all floods), followed by the Huaihe River basin (27, 12.7 %) in twentieth century. The area of agriculture covered and affected by floods exhibited a significant uptrend from 1950 to 2013, and the averages for both of covered area and affected area from 1991 to 2013 reflect a doubling over the averages from 1950 to 1970. A significant downtrend was found in death tolls with the deadliest flood in 1954 (42,447 deaths), and mountain torrents disaster was the main cause of death in recent decades because of the fluctuation of extreme precipitation events. Moreover, due to the combined effects of climate change and rapid urbanization, the risks of flooding increased, which mainly concentrated on the plains along the big rivers such as the Yangtze River, Pearl River and Yellow River, causing an uptrend in direct economic damage in recent years. Results obtained from this study reveal trends and distributions of floods and associated socioeconomic damages in China, which can help to fully understand floods variation. C1 [Duan, Weili; He, Bin; Yang, Guishan; Chen, Wen; Meng, Huifang] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Key Lab Watershed Geog Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Nover, Daniel] US Agcy Int Dev, Accra, Ghana. [Fan, Jingli] China Univ Min & Technol, Sch Resource & Safety Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Liu, Chuanming] Huaiyin Normal Univ, Jiangsu Collaborat Innovat Ctr Reg Modern Agr & E, Huaian 223300, Peoples R China. RP Duan, WL; He, B (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Key Lab Watershed Geog Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM duan.scut.cn@gmail.com; hebin@niglas.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41471460, 41501552, 41130750]; Chinese Academy of Sciences FX This study was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41471460, 41501552 and 41130750) and "One Hundred Talents Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD MAY PY 2016 VL 82 IS 1 BP 401 EP 413 DI 10.1007/s11069-016-2207-2 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA DJ1KI UT WOS:000373961300021 ER PT J AU Hemingway, J Ranson, H Magill, A Kolaczinski, J Fornadel, C Gimnig, J Coetzee, M Simard, F Roch, DK Hinzoumbe, CK Pickett, J Schellenberg, D Gething, P Hoppe, M Hamon, N AF Hemingway, Janet Ranson, Hilary Magill, Alan Kolaczinski, Jan Fornadel, Christen Gimnig, John Coetzee, Maureen Simard, Frederic Roch, Dabire K. Hinzoumbe, Clement Kerah Pickett, John Schellenberg, David Gething, Peter Hoppe, Mark Hamon, Nicholas TI Averting a malaria disaster: will insecticide resistance derail malaria control? SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; COTE-DIVOIRE; MOSQUITOS; EFFICACY AB World Malaria Day 2015 highlighted the progress made in the development of new methods of prevention (vaccines and insecticides) and treatment (single dose drugs) of the disease. However, increasing drug and insecticide resistance threatens the successes made with existing methods. Insecticide resistance has decreased the efficacy of the most commonly used insecticide class of pyrethroids. This decreased efficacy has increased mosquito survival, which is a prelude to rising incidence of malaria and fatalities. Despite intensive research efforts, new insecticides will not reach the market for at least 5 years. Elimination of malaria is not possible without effective mosquito control. Therefore, to combat the threat of resistance, key stakeholders need to rapidly embrace a multifaceted approach including a reduction in the cost of bringing new resistance management methods to market and the streamlining of associated development, policy, and implementation pathways to counter this looming public health catastrophe. C1 [Hemingway, Janet; Ranson, Hilary] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Magill, Alan] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. [Kolaczinski, Jan] Global Fund Fight AIDS TB & Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland. [Fornadel, Christen] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Gimnig, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA USA. [Coetzee, Maureen] Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Wits Res Inst Malaria, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Simard, Frederic] Univ Montpellier, Inst Rech Dev, MIVEGEC, F-34059 Montpellier, France. [Roch, Dabire K.] Ctr Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. [Hinzoumbe, Clement Kerah] Natl Malaria Control Program, Ndjamena, Chad. [Pickett, John] Rothamsted Res, Harpenden, Herts, England. [Schellenberg, David] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. [Gething, Peter] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. [Hoppe, Mark] Crop Life Int AISBL, Insecticide Resistance Act Comm, Brussels, Belgium. [Hamon, Nicholas] Innovat Vector Control Consortium, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. RP Hemingway, J (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. EM Janet.Hemingway@lstmed.ac.uk RI SIMARD, Frederic/J-9489-2016; OI SIMARD, Frederic/0000-0002-2871-5329; Ranson, Hilary/0000-0003-2332-8247; Gething, Peter/0000-0001-6759-5449 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 11 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 23 PY 2016 VL 387 IS 10029 BP 1785 EP 1788 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00417-1 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DJ9OD UT WOS:000374541900031 PM 26880124 ER PT J AU Tappis, H Koblinsky, M Winch, PJ Turkmani, S Bartlett, L AF Tappis, Hannah Koblinsky, Marge Winch, Peter J. Turkmani, Sabera Bartlett, Linda TI Context matters: Successes and challenges of intrapartum care scale-up in four districts of Afghanistan SO GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Afghanistan; health systems; skilled birth attendance; emergency obstetric care ID EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC CARE; MATERNAL MORTALITY; HEALTH-SERVICES; BASIC PACKAGE; CONFLICT; LESSONS; SEEKING; ACCESS; STAKEHOLDERS; STRATEGIES AB Reducing preventable maternal mortality and achieving Sustainable Development Goal targets for 2030 will require increased investment in improving access to quality health services in fragile and conflict-affected states. This study explores the conditions that affect availability and utilisation of intrapartum care services in four districts of Afghanistan where mortality studies were conducted in 2002 and 2011. Information on changes in each district was collected through interviews with community members; service providers; and district, provincial and national officials. This information was then triangulated with programme and policy documentation to identify factors that affect the coverage of safe delivery and emergency obstetric care services. Comparison of barriers to maternal health service coverage across the four districts highlights the complexities of national health policy planning and resource allocation in Afghanistan, and provides examples of the types of challenges that must be addressed to extend the reach of life-saving maternal health interventions to women in fragile and conflict-affected states. Findings suggest that improvements in service coverage must be measured at a sub-national level, and context-specific service delivery models may be needed to effectively scale up intrapartum care services in extremely remote or insecure settings. C1 [Tappis, Hannah; Winch, Peter J.; Bartlett, Linda] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Koblinsky, Marge] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Turkmani, Sabera] Afghan Midw Assoc, Kabul, Afghanistan. RP Tappis, H (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. EM hannah.tappis@jhu.edu FU United States Agency for International Development [GHS-A-00-09-00004-00] FX This study was funded by the United States Agency for International Development (Cooperative Agreement #GHS-A-00-09-00004-00). NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-1692 EI 1744-1706 J9 GLOB PUBLIC HEALTH JI Glob. Public Health PD APR 20 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 4 BP 387 EP 406 DI 10.1080/17441692.2015.1114657 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DG1AC UT WOS:000371796400001 PM 26645366 ER PT J AU Haile, D Azage, M Mola, T Rainey, R AF Haile, Demewoz Azage, Muluken Mola, Tegegn Rainey, Rochelle TI Exploring spatial variations and factors associated with childhood stunting in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis SO BMC PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Stunting; Children; Ethiopia ID BRIEF CONCEPTUAL TUTORIAL; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; HEALTH SURVEYS; CONTEXTUAL PHENOMENA; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; ECONOMIC-INEQUALITY; UNDER-NUTRITION; UNDERNUTRITION AB Background: Stunting reflects a failure to receive adequate nutrition over a long period of time. Stunting is associated with adverse functional consequences including poor cognition, low educational performance, low adult wages, and poor reproductive outcomes. The objective of the study was to investigate spatial variations and factors associated with childhood stunting in Ethiopia. Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). A total of 9893 children aged 0-59 months were included in the analysis. The Getis-Ord spatial statistical tool was used to identify high and low hotspots areas of stunting. A multilevel multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with stunting. Results: Statistically significant hotspots of stunting were found in northern parts of the country whereas low hotspots where there was less stunting than expected were found in the central, eastern, and western parts of the country. In the final model of multilevel logistic regression analysis, individual and community level factors accounted for 36.6 % of childhood stunting. Short birth interval [AOR = 1.68; 95% CI: (1.46-1.93)], being male [AOR = 1.20; 95% CI: (1.08-1.33)], and being from a male-headed household [AOR = 1.18; 95 % CI: (1.01-1.38)] were the factors that increased the odds of stunting at the individual level. Children in the age group between 24-35 months were more likely to be stunted than children whose age was less than one year [AOR = 6.61; 95 % CI: (5.17-8.44)]. The odds of stunting among children with severe anemia were higher than children with no anemia [AOR = 3.23; 95% CI: (2.35-4.43)]. Children with mothers who had completed higher education had lower odds of being stunted compared to children whose mothers had no formal education [AOR = 0.42; 95% CI: (0.18-0.94)]. The odds of being stunted were lower among children whose fathers completed higher education [AOR = 0.58; 95% CI: (0.38-0.89)] compared to children whose fathers had no formal education. Children whose mothers who had high a Body Mass Index (BMI) (= 25.0 kg/m(2)) were less likely to be stunted compared with children whose mothers had a normal BMI (18.5 kg/m2-24.9 kg/m(2))[AOR = 0.69; 95% CI: (0.52-0.90)]. Children from the poorest wealth quintile had higher odds of being stunted compared to children from the richest wealth quintiles [AOR = 1.43; 95 % CI: (1.08-1.88)]. Unavailability of improved latrine facilities and living in the northern parts of the country (Tigray, Affar, Amhara and Benishangul-Gumuzregions) were factors associated with higher odds of stunting from the community-level factors. Conclusion: Stunting in children under five years old is not random in Ethiopia, with hotspots of higher stunting in the northern part of Ethiopia. Both individual and community-level factors were significant determinants of childhood stunting. The regions with high hotspots of child stunting should be targeted with additional resources, and the identified factors should be considered for nutritional interventions. C1 [Haile, Demewoz; Azage, Muluken] Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, POB 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. [Mola, Tegegn] Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, POB 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. [Rainey, Rochelle] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Azage, M (reprint author), Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, POB 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. EM mulukenag@yahoo.com NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2431 J9 BMC PEDIATR JI BMC Pediatr. PD APR 15 PY 2016 VL 16 AR 49 DI 10.1186/s12887-016-0587-9 PG 14 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA DJ8CH UT WOS:000374439600001 PM 27084512 ER PT J AU Newman, C Ng, C Pacque-Margolis, S Frymus, D AF Newman, Constance Ng, Crystal Pacque-Margolis, Sara Frymus, Diana TI Integration of gender-transformative interventions into health professional education reform for the 21st century: implications of an expert review SO HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Gender; Transformative; Sexual harassment; Health workforce; Health professional education; Education reform; Discrimination; Health systems ID SEXUAL-HARASSMENT; DISCRIMINATION; PREGNANCY; STUDENTS; PERSPECTIVE; RESIDENCY; MEDICINE; WORLD AB Background: Gender discrimination and inequality in health professional education (HPE) affect students and faculty and hinder production of the robust health workforces needed to meet health and development goals, yet HPE reformers pay scant attention to these gender barriers. Gender equality must be a core value and professional practice competency for all actors in HPE and health employment systems. Methods: Peer-review and non-peer-review literature previously identified in a review of the literature identified interventions to counter gender discrimination and inequality in HPE and tertiary education systems in North America and the Caribbean; West, East, and Southern Africa; Asia; the Middle East and North Africa; Europe; Australia; and South America. An assessment considered 51 interventions addressing sexual harassment (18), caregiver discrimination (27), and gender equality (6). Reviewers with expertise in gender and health system strengthening rated and ranked interventions according to six gender-transformative criteria. Results: Thirteen interventions were considered to have transformational potential to address gender-related obstacles to entry, retention, career progression, and graduation in HPE, when implemented in core sets of interventions. The review identified one set with potential to counter sexual harassment in HPE and two sets to counter caregiver discrimination. Gender centers and equal employment opportunity units are structural interventions that can address multiple forms of gender discrimination and inequality. Conclusions: The paper's broad aim is to encourage HPE leaders to make gender-transformative reforms in the current way of doing business and commit to themselves to countering gender discrimination and inequality. Interventions to counter gender discrimination should be seen as integral parts of institutional and instructional reforms and essential investments to scale up quality HPE and recruit and retain health workers in the systems that educate and employ them. Implementation challenges spanning financial, informational, and cultural barriers need consideration. The application of core sets of interventions and a strong learning agenda should be part of ongoing HPE reform efforts. C1 [Newman, Constance; Ng, Crystal; Pacque-Margolis, Sara] IntraHlth Int, 6340 Quadrangle Dr,Suite 200, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. [Frymus, Diana] US Agcy Int Dev, 2100 Crystal Dr, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Newman, C (reprint author), IntraHlth Int, 6340 Quadrangle Dr,Suite 200, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. EM cnewman@intrahealth.org FU United States Agency for International Development's (USAID's) CapacityPlus Project [GPO-A-00-09-00006-00] FX The research described in this paper was funded through the United States Agency for International Development's (USAID's) CapacityPlus Project, under Grant GPO-A-00-09-00006-00. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States government. The authors are grateful to Mesrak Belatchew, formerly of IntraHealth International; Asha George at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Rebecca Bailey, formerly of IntraHealth International; and Nonie Hamilton, Lois Schaefer, and Temitayo Ifafore of USAID. Special thanks to Claire Viadro for editorial support. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1478-4491 J9 HUM RESOUR HEALTH JI Hum. Resour. Health PD APR 12 PY 2016 VL 14 AR 14 DI 10.1186/s12960-016-0109-8 PG 12 WC Health Policy & Services; Industrial Relations & Labor SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Business & Economics GA DK3ME UT WOS:000374819900001 PM 27067144 ER PT J AU Masoda, M Salmon, M Salmon, C Salumu, JM Bozzi, C Zaidi, R Harrison, LM Humphries, D Trout, C Uvon, NA Wendel, SK Cappello, M AF Masoda, Maurice Salmon, Margaret Salmon, Christian Salumu, Jean Maurice Bozzi, Carmine Zaidi, Rene Harrison, Lisa Marie Humphries, Debbie Trout, Clinton Uvon, Naomi Awaca Wendel, Sarah K. Cappello, Michael TI Mass distribution of albendazole for hookworm control in women smallholder famers, Democratic Republic of Congo: a double blind randomised controlled trial SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Masoda, Maurice; Salumu, Jean Maurice; Zaidi, Rene] Heal Africa Hosp, Goma, Congo. [Salmon, Margaret] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Salmon, Christian] Western New England Univ, Springfield, MA USA. [Bozzi, Carmine] Akeso Associates, Seattle, WA USA. [Harrison, Lisa Marie] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Humphries, Debbie] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Trout, Clinton] USAID, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Uvon, Naomi Awaca] Minist Hlth, Kinshasa, Congo. [Wendel, Sarah K.] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Cappello, Michael] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Salmon, Margaret] 2751 23rd St, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. EM margiesalmon@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2214-109X J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH JI Lancet Glob. Health PD APR PY 2016 VL 4 SU 1 BP 32 EP 32 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DP8DM UT WOS:000378728100032 ER PT J AU Adams, JW Watts, DH Phelps, BR AF Adams, Joella W. Watts, D. Heather Phelps, B. Ryan TI A systematic review of the effect of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy on the risk of pre-eclampsia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS LA English DT Review DE Antiretroviral therapy; HIV/AIDS; HIV in women; Pre-eclampsia ID PREGNANT-WOMEN; ECLAMPSIA; HIV/AIDS; OUTCOMES AB Background: The associations between HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and pre-eclampsia are unclear. Objectives: To summarize research and clarify the implications of HIV and ART on pre-eclampsia risk. Search strategy: MedLine, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published between 2003 and July 2014, using relevant keywords. Selection criteria: Full-text review was dependent on the inclusion of pre-eclampsia as an outcome and original data. Data collection and analysis: Data for population, confounders, limitations, and measures of association were qualitatively assessed. Main results: Among 550 records identified, 70 were screened, and 13 were included. Five of the nine studies comparing pre-eclampsia risk between women with and without HIV infection found no significant difference; only one found that women living with HIV were more likely to experience pre-eclampsia. Two studies found that women living with HIV who were receiving ART at conception were more likely to experience pre-eclampsia than were those not receiving ART at conception. Two studies reported that pre-eclampsia rates did not differ by ART regimen. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to conclude that women living with HIV and receiving ART have a higher risk of pre-eclampsia than do women without HIV infection; further research is needed to assess the association between ART and pre-eclampsia. (C) 2015 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Adams, Joella W.; Phelps, B. Ryan] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Watts, D. Heather] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Adams, JW (reprint author), Bur Global Hlth, Global Hlth Fellows Program 2, USAID Off HIV AIDS, 2100 Crystal Dr,9040A, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM joella_adams@brown.edu OI Adams, Joella/0000-0002-7703-5944 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0020-7292 EI 1879-3479 J9 INT J GYNECOL OBSTET JI Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. PD APR PY 2016 VL 133 IS 1 BP 17 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.08.007 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA DJ7CT UT WOS:000374370200004 PM 26797203 ER PT J AU Geng, EH Odeny, TA Lyamuya, R Nakiwogga-Muwanga, A Diero, L Bwana, M Braitstein, P Somi, G Kambugu, A Bukusi, E Wenger, M Neilands, TB Glidden, DV Wools-Kaloustian, K Yiannoutsos, C Martin, J AF Geng, Elvin H. Odeny, Thomas A. Lyamuya, Rita Nakiwogga-Muwanga, Alice Diero, Lameck Bwana, Mwebesa Braitstein, Paula Somi, Geoffrey Kambugu, Andrew Bukusi, Elizabeth Wenger, Megan Neilands, Torsten B. Glidden, David V. Wools-Kaloustian, Kara Yiannoutsos, Constantin Martin, Jeffrey CA East Africa Int Epidemiologic Data TI Retention in Care and Patient-Reported Reasons for Undocumented Transfer or Stopping Care Among HIV-Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Eastern Africa: Application of a Sampling-Based Approach SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral therapy; Africa; retention; loss to follow-up ID FOLLOW-UP; PATIENTS LOST; SCALE-UP; MORTALITY; ADHERENCE; PROGRAMS; OUTCOMES; ART; ENGAGEMENT; EFFICIENCY AB Background. Improving the implementation of the global response to human immunodeficiency virus requires understanding retention after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART), but loss to follow-up undermines assessment of the magnitude of and reasons for stopping care. Methods. We evaluated adults starting ART over 2.5 years in 14 clinics in Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya. We traced a random sample of patients lost to follow-up and incorporated updated information in weighted competing risks estimates of retention. Reasons for nonreturn were surveyed. Results. Among 18 081 patients, 3150 (18%) were lost to follow-up and 579 (18%) were traced. Of 497 (86%) with ascertained vital status, 340 (69%) were alive and, in 278 (82%) cases, updated care status was obtained. Among all patients initiating ART, weighted estimates incorporating tracing outcomes found that 2 years after ART, 69% were in care at their original clinic, 14% transferred (4% official and 10% unofficial), 6% were alive but out of care, 6% died in care (< 60 days after last visit), and 6% died out of care (>= 60 days after last visit). Among lost patients found in care elsewhere, structural barriers (eg, transportation) were most prevalent (65%), followed by clinic-based (eg, waiting times) (33%) and psychosocial (eg, stigma) (27%). Among patients not in care elsewhere, psychosocial barriers were most prevalent (76%), followed by structural (51%) and clinic based (15%). Conclusions. Accounting for outcomes among those lost to follow-up yields a more informative assessment of retention. Structural barriers contribute most to silent transfers, whereas psychological and social barriers tend to result in longer-term care discontinuation. C1 [Geng, Elvin H.; Neilands, Torsten B.; Martin, Jeffrey] San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div HIV AIDS, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Odeny, Thomas A.; Bukusi, Elizabeth] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Odeny, Thomas A.; Bukusi, Elizabeth] Family AIDS Care & Educ Serv Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Lyamuya, Rita; Somi, Geoffrey] Natl AIDS Control Program, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Nakiwogga-Muwanga, Alice; Kambugu, Andrew] Infect Dis Inst, Kampala, Uganda. [Diero, Lameck; Braitstein, Paula] US Agcy Int Dev, Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare Program, Eldoret, Kenya. [Bwana, Mwebesa] Mbarara Univ Sci & Technol, Mbarara, Uganda. [Wenger, Megan; Glidden, David V.; Martin, Jeffrey] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Wools-Kaloustian, Kara] Indiana Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Yiannoutsos, Constantin] Indiana Univ, Dept Biostat, Fairbanks Sch Publ Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Geng, EH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Div HIV AIDS, 995 Potrero Ave,Bldg 80, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. EM genge@php.ucsf.edu FU National Institutes of Health [K23AI084544, U01AI069918, P30AI027763] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant numbers K23AI084544, U01AI069918, and P30AI027763). NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 62 IS 7 BP 935 EP 944 DI 10.1093/cid/civ1004 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA DJ5LD UT WOS:000374248700020 PM 26679625 ER PT J AU Yeka, A Kigozi, R Conrad, MD Lugemwa, M Okui, P Katureebe, C Belay, K Kapella, BK Chang, MA Kamya, MR Staedke, SG Dorsey, G Rosenthal, PJ AF Yeka, Adoke Kigozi, Ruth Conrad, Melissa D. Lugemwa, Myers Okui, Peter Katureebe, Charles Belay, Kassahun Kapella, Bryan K. Chang, Michelle A. Kamya, Moses R. Staedke, Sarah G. Dorsey, Grant Rosenthal, Philip J. TI Artesunate/Amodiaquine Versus Artemether/Lumefantrine for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria in Uganda: A Randomized Trial SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE malaria; Uganda; artemether-lumefantrine; amodiaquine-artesunate; drug resistance ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; ARTESUNATE PLUS AMODIAQUINE; ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE; DIHYDROARTEMISININ-PIPERAQUINE; ARTEMISININ RESISTANCE; DRUG-RESISTANCE; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; COMBINATION THERAPIES; TANZANIAN CHILDREN; MOLECULAR MARKERS AB Background. In treating malaria in Uganda, artemether-lumefantrine (AL) has been associated with a lower risk of recurrent parasitemia, compared with artesunate-amodiaquine (AS/AQ), but changing treatment practices may have altered parasite susceptibility. Methods. We enrolled 602 children aged 6-59 months with uncomplicated falciparum malaria from 3 health centers in 2013-2014 and randomly assigned them to receive treatment with AS/AQ or AL. Primary outcomes were risks of recurrent parasitemia within 28 days, with or without adjustment to distinguish recrudescence from new infection. Drug safety and tolerability and Plasmodium falciparum resistance-mediating polymorphisms were assessed. Results. Of enrolled patients, 594 (98.7%) completed the 28-day study. Risks of recurrent parasitemia were lower with AS/AQ at all 3 sites (overall, 28.6% vs 44.6%; P < .001). Recrudescences were uncommon, and all occurred after AL treatment (0% vs 2.5%; P = .006). Recovery of the hemoglobin level was greater with AS/AQ (1.73 vs 1.39 g/dL; P = .04). Both regimens were well tolerated; serious adverse events were uncommon (1.7% in the AS/AQ group and 1.0% in the AL group). AS/AQ selected for mutant pfcrt/pfmdr1 polymorphisms and AL for wild-type pfcrt/pfmdr1 polymorphisms associated with altered drug susceptibility. Conclusions. AS/AQ treatment was followed by fewer recurrences than AL treatment, contrasting with older data. Each regimen selected for polymorphisms associated with decreased treatment response. Research should consider multiple or rotating regimens to maintain treatment efficacies. C1 [Yeka, Adoke] Makerere Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. [Kamya, Moses R.] Makerere Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Kampala, Uganda. [Yeka, Adoke; Kigozi, Ruth; Kamya, Moses R.; Staedke, Sarah G.] Infect Dis Res Collaborat, Kampala, Uganda. [Lugemwa, Myers; Okui, Peter] Minist Hlth, Natl Malaria Control Program, Kampala, Uganda. [Katureebe, Charles] WHO, Kampala, Uganda. [Belay, Kassahun] US Agcy Int Dev, Kampala, Uganda. [Kapella, Bryan K.] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Kampala, Uganda. [Dorsey, Grant; Rosenthal, Philip J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Chang, Michelle A.] CDC, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Staedke, Sarah G.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England. RP Rosenthal, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM philip.rosenthal@ucsf.edu FU US President's Malaria Initiative; US Agency for International Development; CDC; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation through the WHO FX This work was supported by the US President's Malaria Initiative and the US Agency for International Development, under an interagency agreement with the CDC; and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, through the WHO. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 213 IS 7 BP 1134 EP 1142 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiv551 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA DJ4OP UT WOS:000374186300012 PM 26597254 ER PT J AU Nover, DM Witt, JW Butcher, JB Johnson, TE Weaver, CP AF Nover, D. M. Witt, J. W. Butcher, J. B. Johnson, T. E. Weaver, C. P. TI The Effects of Downscaling Method on the Variability of Simulated Watershed Response to Climate Change in Five US Basins SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Climate prediction; Ensembles; Models and modeling; Coupled models; Hydrologic models ID PROJECTIONS; MODELS; UNCERTAINTY; IMPACTS; ENSEMBLE AB Simulations of future climate change impacts on water resources are subject to multiple and cascading uncertainties associated with different modeling and methodological choices. A key facet of this uncertainty is the coarse spatial resolution of GCM output compared to the finer-resolution information needed by water managers. To address this issue, it is now common practice to apply spatial downscaling techniques, using either higher-resolution regional climate models or statistical approaches applied to GCM output, to develop finer-resolution information. Downscaling, however, can also introduce its own uncertainties into water resources' impact assessments. This study uses watershed simulations in five U.S. basins to quantify the sources of variability in streamflow, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment loads associated with the underlying GCM compared to the choice of downscaling method (both statistically and dynamically downscaled GCM output). This study also assesses the specific, incremental effects of downscaling by comparing watershed simulations based on downscaled and nondownscaled GCM model output. Results show that the underlying GCM and the downscaling method each contribute to the variability of simulated watershed responses. The relative contribution of GCM and downscaling method to the variability of simulated responses varies by watershed and season of the year. Results illustrate the potential implications of one key methodological choice in conducting climate change impact assessments for water-the selection of downscaled climate change information. C1 [Nover, D. M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Amer Assoc Adv Sci, Accra, Ghana. [Witt, J. W.; Johnson, T. E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Butcher, J. B.] Tetra Tech Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Weaver, C. P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Nover, DM (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Accra, Ghana. EM dmnover@gmail.com RI Weaver, Christopher/G-3714-2010 OI Weaver, Christopher/0000-0003-4016-5451 FU National Science Foundation FX The authors thank the entire project team at Tetra Tech, Inc., Texas A&M University, AQUA TERRA, Stratus Consulting, and FTN Associates for their support contributing to the development of the watershed model simulations used in this analysis. We also thank Seth McGinnis of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for processing the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) output into change statistics for use in the watershed modeling. NCAR is supported by the National Science Foundation. We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling for their roles in making available the WCRP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) multimodel dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. The views expressed in this paper represent those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD APR PY 2016 VL 20 AR 11 DI 10.1175/EI-D-15-0024.1 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DJ3MJ UT WOS:000374109300001 ER PT J AU Houben, RMGJ Lalli, M Sumner, T Hamilton, M Pedrazzoli, D Bonsu, F Hippner, P Pillay, Y Kimerling, M Ahmedov, S Pretorius, C White, RG AF Houben, R. M. G. J. Lalli, M. Sumner, T. Hamilton, M. Pedrazzoli, D. Bonsu, F. Hippner, P. Pillay, Y. Kimerling, M. Ahmedov, S. Pretorius, C. White, R. G. TI TIME Impact - a new user-friendly tuberculosis (TB) model to inform TB policy decisions SO BMC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Capacity building; Mathematical modelling; Policy support; Tuberculosis ID HEALTH; TRANSMISSION; COUNTRIES; SPECTRUM; STRATEGY; LIST; TOOL AB Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide, predominantly affecting low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), where resources are limited. As such, countries need to be able to choose the most efficient interventions for their respective setting. Mathematical models can be valuable tools to inform rational policy decisions and improve resource allocation, but are often unavailable or inaccessible for LMICs, particularly in TB. We developed TIME Impact, a user-friendly TB model that enables local capacity building and strengthens country-specific policy discussions to inform support funding applications at the (sub-) national level (e.g. Ministry of Finance) or to international donors (e.g. the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria). TIME Impact is an epidemiological transmission model nested in TIME, a set of TB modelling tools available for free download within the widely-used Spectrum software. The TIME Impact model reflects key aspects of the natural history of TB, with additional structure for HIV/ART, drug resistance, treatment history and age. TIME Impact enables national TB programmes (NTPs) and other TB policymakers to better understand their own TB epidemic, plan their response, apply for funding and evaluate the implementation of the response. The explicit aim of TIME Impact's user-friendly interface is to enable training of local and international TB experts towards independent use. During application of TIME Impact, close involvement of the NTPs and other local partners also builds critical understanding of the modelling methods, assumptions and limitations inherent to modelling. This is essential to generate broad country-level ownership of the modelling data inputs and results. In turn, it stimulates discussions and a review of the current evidence and assumptions, strengthening the decision-making process in general. TIME Impact has been effectively applied in a variety of settings. In South Africa, it informed the first South African HIV and TB Investment Cases and successfully leveraged additional resources from the National Treasury at a time of austerity. In Ghana, a long-term TIME model-centred interaction with the NTP provided new insights into the local epidemiology and guided resource allocation decisions to improve impact. C1 [Houben, R. M. G. J.; Lalli, M.; Sumner, T.; Pedrazzoli, D.; White, R. G.] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, TB Ctr, TB Modelling Grp, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Houben, R. M. G. J.; Lalli, M.; Sumner, T.; Pedrazzoli, D.; White, R. G.] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Hamilton, M.; Pretorius, C.] Avenir Hlth, Glastonbury, CT USA. [Bonsu, F.] Ghana Hlth Serv, Natl TB Control Programme, Accra, Ghana. [Hippner, P.] Aurum Inst, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Pillay, Y.] Natl Dept Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa. [Kimerling, M.] KNCV TB Fdn, The Hague, Netherlands. [Ahmedov, S.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Houben, RMGJ (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, TB Ctr, TB Modelling Grp, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England.; Houben, RMGJ (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM rein.houben@lshtm.ac.uk RI White, Richard/D-5407-2009 OI White, Richard/0000-0003-4410-6635 FU USAID (sub-award from The Union America, TREAT-TB grant) [GHN-A-00-08-00004-00]; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1084276, OPP1110334]; UK Medical Research Council (MRC); UK Department for International Development (DFID) under the MRC/DFID - European Union [MR/J005088/1] FX This work was funded by a grant from USAID (sub-award from The Union America, TREAT-TB grant, grant code GHN-A-00-08-00004-00) and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (grant code OPP1084276). The funder (SA) provided input on the manuscript, which remains the responsibility of the lead authors. RGW is also funded the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and the UK Department for International Development (DFID) under the MRC/DFID Concordat agreement that is also part of the EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union (MR/J005088/1), and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (TB Modelling and Analysis Consortium: OPP1084276, and SA Modelling for Policy: #OPP1110334). The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the authors and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the positions of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union North America) nor those of the Donors. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1741-7015 J9 BMC MED JI BMC Med. PD MAR 24 PY 2016 VL 14 AR 56 DI 10.1186/s12916-016-0608-4 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DI0GK UT WOS:000373173400001 PM 27012808 ER PT J AU Melese, M Jerene, D Alem, G Seid, J Belachew, F Kassie, Y Habte, D Negash, S Ayana, G Girma, B Haile, YK Hiruy, N Suarez, PG AF Melese, Muluken Jerene, Degu Alem, Genetu Seid, Jemal Belachew, Feleke Kassie, Yewulsew Habte, Dereje Negash, Solomon Ayana, Gonfa Girma, Belaineh Haile, Yared K. Hiruy, Nebiyu Suarez, Pedro G. TI Decentralization of Acid Fast Bacilli(AFB) External Quality Assurance Using Blind Rechecking for Sputum Smear Microscopy in Ethiopia SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES; TUBERCULOSIS; LABORATORIES; SETTINGS; ENSURE; MEXICO AB Introduction Ethiopia achieved a rapid expansion of TB microscopic centers for acid fast bacilli (AFB). However, external quality assurance (EQA) services were, until recently, limited to few regional and sub-regional laboratories. In this paper, we describe the decentralization experience and the result of EQA using random blinded rechecking. Materials and Methods The routine EQA quarterly report was compiled and analyzed. A positive result by the microscopic center while the EQA center reported negative result is categorized as false positive (FP). A negative result by the microscopic center while the EQA center reported positive is considered false negative (FN). The reading of EQA centers was considered a gold standard to compute the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) of the readings of microscopic centers. Results We decentralized sputum smear AFB EQA from 4 Regional Laboratories (RRLs) to 82 EQA centers and enrolled 956 health facilities in EQA schemes. Enrollment of HFs in EQA was gradual because it required training and mentoring laboratory professionals, institutionalizing internal QA measures, equipping all HFs to perform diagnosis, and establishing more EQA centers. From 2012 to 2014 (Phase I), the FP rate declined from 0.6% to 0.2% and FN fell from as high as 7.6% to 1.6% in supported health facilities (HFs). In HFs that joined in Phase II, FN rates ranged from 5.6 to 7.3%. The proportion of HFs without errors has increased from 77.9% to 90.5% in Phase I HFs and from 82.9% to 86.9% in Phase II HFs. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 95.0% and 99.7%, respectively. PPV and NPV were 93.3% and 99.7%, respectively. Conclusion Decentralizing blinded rechecking of sputum smear microscopy is feasible in low-income settings. While a comprehensive laboratory improvement strategy enhanced the quality of microscopy, laboratory professionals' capacity in slide reading and smear quality requires continued support. C1 [Melese, Muluken; Jerene, Degu; Seid, Jemal; Kassie, Yewulsew; Habte, Dereje; Negash, Solomon; Girma, Belaineh; Hiruy, Nebiyu] Management Sci Hlth, Help Ethiopia Address Low Performance TB HEAL TB, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Alem, Genetu] Amhara Reg Hlth Bur, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. [Belachew, Feleke] Oromia Reg Reference Lab, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Ayana, Gonfa] Ethiopian Publ Hlth Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Haile, Yared K.] USAID, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Suarez, Pedro G.] Management Sci Hlth, Ctr Hlth Serv, Arlington, VA USA. RP Melese, M (reprint author), Management Sci Hlth, Help Ethiopia Address Low Performance TB HEAL TB, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM mmelese@msh.org FU United States Agency for International Development(USAID) through HEAL TB [AID-663-A-11-00011] FX United States Agency for International Development(USAID) supported this work through HEAL TB, under cooperative agreement number AID-663-A-11-00011. The contents of the article are the responsibility of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the US government. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 18 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 AR e0151366 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0151366 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH1ZE UT WOS:000372582800056 PM 26991651 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MP Quilligan, E Aggarwal, PK Bansal, KC Cavalieri, AJ Chapman, SC Chapotin, SM Datta, SK Duveiller, E Gill, KS Jagadish, KSV Joshi, AK Koehler, AK Kosina, P Krishnan, S Lafitte, R Mahala, RS Muthurajan, R Paterson, AH Prasanna, BM Rakshit, S Rosegrant, MW Sharma, I Singh, RP Sivasankar, S Vadez, V Valluru, R Prasad, PVV Yadav, OP AF Reynolds, Matthew P. Quilligan, Emma Aggarwal, Pramod K. Bansal, Kailash C. Cavalieri, Anthony J. Chapman, Scott C. Chapotin, Saharah M. Datta, Swapan K. Duveiller, Etienne Gill, Kulvinder S. Jagadish, Krishna S. V. Joshi, Arun K. Koehler, Ann-Kristin Kosina, Petr Krishnan, Srivalli Lafitte, Renee Mahala, Rajendra S. Muthurajan, Raveendran Paterson, Andrew H. Prasanna, Boddupalli M. Rakshit, Sujay Rosegrant, Mark W. Sharma, Indu Singh, Ravi P. Sivasankar, Shoba Vadez, Vincent Valluru, Ravi Prasad, P. V. Vara Yadav, Om Prakash TI An integrated approach to maintaining cereal productivity under climate change SO GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Cereals; Yields; Networks; Phenotyping platforms ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE STRESS; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; HEAT TOLERANCE; DROUGHT STRESS; WATER-DEFICIT; PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS; RISING TEMPERATURES; SPIKELET FERTILITY; CROP PRODUCTION; FOOD SECURITY AB Wheat, rice, maize, pearl millet, and sorghum provide over half of the world's food calories. To maintain global food security, with the added challenge of climate change, there is an increasing need to exploit existing genetic variability and develop cultivars with superior genetic yield potential and stress adaptation. The opportunity to share knowledge between crops and identify priority traits for future research can be exploited to increase breeding impacts and assist in identifying the genetic loci that control adaptation. A more internationally coordinated approach to crop phenotyping and modeling, combined with effective sharing of knowledge, facilities, and data, will boost the cost effectiveness and facilitate genetic gains of all staple crops, with likely spill over to more neglected crops. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Reynolds, Matthew P.; Quilligan, Emma; Kosina, Petr; Singh, Ravi P.; Valluru, Ravi] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Global Wheat Program, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Aggarwal, Pramod K.] IWMI, CGIAR Res Program Climate Change Agr & Food Secur, New Delhi, India. [Bansal, Kailash C.] ICAR Res Complex, NBPGR, New Delhi, India. [Cavalieri, Anthony J.] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Div Agr, Seattle, WA USA. [Chapman, Scott C.] CSIRO, CSIRO Agr, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Chapotin, Saharah M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Food Secur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Datta, Swapan K.] ICAR Res Complex, Div Crop Sci, New Delhi, India. [Duveiller, Etienne] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, BISA, New Delhi, India. [Gill, Kulvinder S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Jagadish, Krishna S. V.] Int Rice Res Inst, Crop & Environm Sci Div, Manila, Philippines. [Jagadish, Krishna S. V.; Prasad, P. V. Vara] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Joshi, Arun K.] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Global Wheat Program, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Koehler, Ann-Kristin] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Krishnan, Srivalli] USAID India, Food Secur Off, New Delhi, India. [Lafitte, Renee] DuPont Pioneer, Woodland, CA USA. [Mahala, Rajendra S.] DuPont Pioneer, Cotton & Millet, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Muthurajan, Raveendran] Tamil Nadu Agr Univ, Dept Plant Biotechnol, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. [Paterson, Andrew H.] Univ Georgia, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Prasanna, Boddupalli M.] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Global Maize Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Rakshit, Sujay] ICAR Res Complex, Indian Inst Millets Res, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Rosegrant, Mark W.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Environm & Prod Technol Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Sharma, Indu] ICAR Res Complex, Directorate Wheat Res, Karnal, Haryana, India. [Sivasankar, Shoba; Vadez, Vincent] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, CRP Dryland Cereals, Telangana, India. [Yadav, Om Prakash] ICAR Res Complex, Indian Inst Maize Res, New Delhi, India. RP Reynolds, MP (reprint author), Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Global Wheat Program, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. EM M.Reynolds@cgiar.org RI Chapman, Scott/B-9673-2008 OI Chapman, Scott/0000-0003-4732-8452 FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1052535]; U.S. Agency for International Development [MTO 069018] FX The authors are grateful for the financial support received from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant no. OPP1052535) and U.S. Agency for International Development (Grant no. MTO 069018). The workshop in New Delhi was hosted by the Indian Center for Agricultural Research. The authors would like to thank their fellow participants at the New Delhi workshop for their input and productive discussions: Tsedeke Abate, Maria Apse, Raman Babu, H.S. Balyan, Jos Van Boxtel, Bharat Char, R. Chatrath, Biswanath Das, Ranjan Das, Bahiru Duguma, Stefania Grando, A.K. Gupta, P.K. Gupta, Dirk Hays, H.B. Hemareddy, K.S. Hooda, Andrew Jacobs, Yilma Kebede, Vic Knauf, Pradyumn Kumar, Sangit Kumar, Ramesha Magulodi, Vina Mahajan, Gurjit Mangat, Vinod Kumar Mishra, Stephen Mugo, Michael Olsen, Bijendra Pal, Dhiraj Pant, Jesse Poland, Jagadish Rane, A.R. Sadananda, Rajiv Sharma, Ramavtar Sharma, Aditya K. Singh, Balwinder Singh, Gyanendra Pratap Singh, Madan Pal Singh, Rakesh Singh, V.S. Sohu, Harvinder S. Talwar, C. Viswanathan, Changrong Ye, P.H. Zaidi. NR 80 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 11 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-9124 J9 GLOB FOOD SECUR-AGR JI Glob. Food Secur.-Agric.Policy PD MAR PY 2016 VL 8 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.gfs.2016.02.002 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA DY2GC UT WOS:000384910100002 ER PT J AU Leclerc-Madlala, S AF Leclerc-Madlala, S. TI HIV Exceptionalism: Development through Disease in Sierra Leone SO ANTHROPOLOGICAL QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Leclerc-Madlala, S.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Leclerc-Madlala, S (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV INST ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PI WASHINGTON PA GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV, 2110 G ST, N W, WASHINGTON, DC 20052 USA SN 0003-5491 EI 1534-1518 J9 ANTHROPOL QUART JI Anthropol. Q. PD SPR PY 2016 VL 89 IS 2 BP 641 EP 645 PG 5 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA DS4DK UT WOS:000380731400017 ER PT J AU Tappis, H Koblinsky, M Doocy, S Warren, N Peters, DH AF Tappis, Hannah Koblinsky, Marge Doocy, Shannon Warren, Nicole Peters, David H. TI Bypassing Primary Care Facilities for Childbirth: Findings from a Multilevel Analysis of Skilled Birth Attendance Determinants in Afghanistan SO JOURNAL OF MIDWIFERY & WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Afghanistan; health care facility; institutional delivery; intrapartum care; maternal health; skilled birth attendance ID MATERNAL HEALTH-CARE; RURAL TANZANIA; INSTITUTIONAL DELIVERY; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; NEWBORN HEALTH; ANTENATAL CARE; SERVICES; MORTALITY; NEPAL; ETHIOPIA AB IntroductionThe objective of this study was to assess the association between health facility characteristics and other individual/household factors with a woman's likelihood of skilled birth attendance in north-central Afghanistan. MethodsData from a 2010 household survey of 6879 households in 9 provinces of Afghanistan were linked to routine facility data. Hierarchical logistic regression models were used to assess determinants of skilled birth attendance. ResultsWomen who reported having at least one antenatal visit with a skilled provider were 5.6 times more likely to give birth with a skilled attendant than those who did not. The odds of skilled birth attendance were 84% higher for literate women than those without literacy skills and 79% higher among women in the upper 2 wealth quintiles than women in the poorest quintile. This study did not show any direct linkages between facility characteristics and skilled birth attendance but provided insights into why studies assuming that women seek care at the nearest primary care facility may lead to misinterpretation of care-seeking patterns. Findings reveal a 36 percentage point gap between women who receive skilled antenatal care and those who received skilled birth care. Nearly 60% of women with a skilled attendant at their most recent birth bypassed the nearest primary care facility to give birth at a more distant primary care facility, hospital, or private clinic. Distance and transport barriers were reported as the most common reasons for home birth. DiscussionAssumptions that women who give birth with a skilled attendant do so at the closest health facility may mask the importance of supply-side determinants of skilled birth attendance. More research based on actual utilization patterns, not assumed catchment areas, is needed to truly understand the factors influencing care-seeking decisions in both emergency and nonemergency situations and to adapt strategies to reduce preventable mortality and morbidity in Afghanistan. C1 [Tappis, Hannah; Doocy, Shannon; Peters, David H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Koblinsky, Marge] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Warren, Nicole] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Nursing, Dept Community Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Tappis, H (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM Hannah.Tappis@jhu.edu NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-9523 EI 1542-2011 J9 J MIDWIFERY WOM HEAL JI J. Midwifery Women Health PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 61 IS 2 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.1111/jmwh.12359 PG 11 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA DI9FS UT WOS:000373808100005 PM 26861932 ER PT J AU Malarcher, S Spieler, J Fabic, MS Jordan, S Starbird, EH Kenon, C AF Malarcher, Shawn Spieler, Jeff Fabic, Madeleine Short Jordan, Sandra Starbird, Ellen H. Kenon, Clifton TI Fertility Awareness Methods: Distinctive Modern Contraceptives SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID STANDARD DAYS METHOD; EFFICACY AB Fertility awareness methods-the Lactational Amenorrhea Method, the Standard Days Method, and the Two Day Method-are safe and effective, and they have important additional benefits that appeal to women and men. Including these modern contraceptives in the method mix expands contraceptive choice and helps women and men meet their reproductive intentions. C1 [Malarcher, Shawn; Fabic, Madeleine Short; Jordan, Sandra; Starbird, Ellen H.; Kenon, Clifton] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Malarcher, S (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM smalarcher@usaid.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH-SCI PRAC JI Glob. Health PD MAR PY 2016 VL 4 IS 1 BP 13 EP 15 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00297 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DH7MF UT WOS:000372977400004 PM 27016540 ER PT J AU Mukuria, AG Martin, SL Egondi, T Bingham, A Thuita, FM AF Mukuria, Altrena G. Martin, Stephanie L. Egondi, Thaddeus Bingham, Allison Thuita, Faith M. TI Role of Social Support in Improving Infant Feeding Practices in Western Kenya: A Quasi-Experimental Study SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; CHILD NUTRITION; QUALITATIVE INTERVIEW; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; FATHERS; HEALTH; INTERVENTIONS; GRANDMOTHERS; BEHAVIOR; IMPACT AB Background: We designed and tested an intervention that used dialogue-based groups to engage infants' fathers and grandmothers to support optimal infant feeding practices. The study's aim was to test the effectiveness of increased social support by key household influencers on improving mothers' complementary feeding practices. Methods: Using a quasi-experimental design, we enrolled mothers, fathers, and grandmothers from households with infants 6-9 months old in 3 rural communities (1 intervention arm with fathers, 1 intervention arm with grandmothers, and 1 comparison arm) in western Kenya. We engaged 79 grandmothers and 85 fathers in separate dialogue groups for 6 months from January to July 2012. They received information on health and nutrition and were encouraged to provide social support to mothers (defined as specific physical actions in the past 2 weeks or material support actions in the past month). We conducted a baseline household survey in December 2011 in the 3 communities and returned to the same households in July 2012 for an endline survey. We used a difference-in-difference (DiD) approach and logistic regression to evaluate the intervention. Results: We surveyed 554 people at baseline (258 mothers, 165 grandmothers, and 131 fathers) and 509 participants at endline. The percentage of mothers who reported receiving 5 or more social support actions (of a possible 12) ranged from 58% to 66% at baseline in the 3 groups. By endline, the percentage had increased by 25.8 percentage points (P=.002) and 32.7 percentage points (P=.001) more in the father and the grandmother intervention group, respectively, than in the comparison group. As the number of social support actions increased in the 3 groups, the likelihood of a mother reporting that she had fed her infant the minimum number of meals in the past 24 hours also increased between baseline and endline (odds ratio [OR], 1.14; confidence interval [CI], 1.00 to 1.30; P=.047). When taking into account the interaction effects of intervention area and increasing social support over time, we found a significant association in the grandmother intervention area on dietary diversity (OR, 1.19; CI, 1.01 to 1.40; P=.04). No significant effects were found on minimum acceptable diet. Conclusion: Engaging fathers and grandmothers of infants to improve their knowledge of optimal infant feeding practices and to encourage provision of social support to mothers could help improve some feeding practices. Future studies should engage all key household influencers in a family-centered approach to practice and support infant feeding recommendations. C1 [Mukuria, Altrena G.] US Agcy Int Dev, Infant & Young Child Nutr Project, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Mukuria, Altrena G.] USAID Strengthening Partnerships Results & Innova, Arlington, VA USA. [Martin, Stephanie L.] USAID Infant & Young Child Nutr Project, Washington, DC USA. [Martin, Stephanie L.] Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Egondi, Thaddeus] African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Bingham, Allison] PATH, Seattle, WA USA. [Thuita, Faith M.] Univ Nairobi, Sch Publ Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Bingham, A (reprint author), PATH, Seattle, WA USA. EM abingham@path.org OI Martin, Stephanie/0000-0002-0378-802X NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH-SCI PRAC JI Glob. Health PD MAR PY 2016 VL 4 IS 1 BP 55 EP 72 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00197 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DH7MF UT WOS:000372977400008 PM 27016544 ER PT J AU Orobaton, N Austin, A Fapohunda, B Abegunde, D Omo, K AF Orobaton, Nosakhare Austin, Anne Fapohunda, Bolaji Abegunde, Dele Omo, Kizzy TI Mapping the Prevalence and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Women Who Deliver Alone: Evidence From Demographic and Health Surveys From 80 Countries SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY AB Evidence has shown that quality skilled care during labor and delivery is essential to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes. Unfortunately, analyses of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data show that there are a substantial number of women around the world that not only do not have access to skilled care but also deliver alone with no one present (NOP). Among the 80 countries with data, we found the practice of delivering with NOP was concentrated in West and Central Africa and parts of East Africa. Across these countries, the prevalence of giving birth with NOP was higher among women who were poor, older, of higher parity, living in rural areas, and uneducated than among their counterparts. As women increased use of antenatal care services, the proportion giving birth with NOP declined. Using census data for each country from the US Census Bureau's International Database and data on prevalence of delivering with NOP from the DHS among countries with surveys from 2005 onwards (n=59), we estimated the number of women who gave birth alone in each country, as well as each country's contribution to the total burden. Our analysis indicates that between 2005 and 2015, an estimated 2.2 million women, who had given birth in the 3 years preceding each country survey, delivered with NOP. Nigeria, alone, accounted for 44% (nearly 1 million) of these deliveries. As countries work on reducing inequalities in access to health care, wealth, education, and family planning, concurrent efforts to change community norms that condone and facilitate the practice of women giving birth alone must also be implemented. Programmatic experience from Sokoto State in northern Nigeria suggests that the practice can be reduced markedly through grassroots community advocacy and education, even in poor and low-resource areas. It is time for leaders to act now to eradicate the practice of giving birth alone-one of many important steps needed to ensure no mother or newborn dies of a preventable death. C1 [Orobaton, Nosakhare] USAID, JSI Res & Training Inst Inc, TSHIP, Washington, DC USA. [Austin, Anne] USAID, JSI Res & Training Inst Inc, TSHIP, Boston, MA USA. [Fapohunda, Bolaji; Abegunde, Dele; Omo, Kizzy] USAID, JSI Res & Training Inst Inc, TSHIP, Abuja, Nigeria. RP Austin, A (reprint author), USAID, JSI Res & Training Inst Inc, TSHIP, Boston, MA USA. EM amaustin123@gmail.com NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH-SCI PRAC JI Glob. Health PD MAR PY 2016 VL 4 IS 1 BP 99 EP 113 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00261 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DH7MF UT WOS:000372977400011 PM 27016547 ER PT J AU Spisak, C Morgan, L Eichler, R Rosen, J Serumaga, B Wang, A AF Spisak, Cary Morgan, Lindsay Eichler, Rena Rosen, James Serumaga, Brian Wang, Angela TI Results-Based Financing in Mozambique's Central Medical Store: A Review After 1 Year SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article AB Background: Public health commodity supply chains are typically weak in low-income countries, partly because they have many disparate yet interdependent functions and components. Approaches to strengthening supply chains in such settings have often fallen short-they address technical weaknesses, but not the incentives that motivate staff to perform better. Methods: We reviewed the first year of a results-based financing (RBF) program in Mozambique, which began in January 2013. The program aimed to improve the performance of the central medical store-Central de Medicamentos e Artigos Medicos (CMAM)-by realigning incentives. We completed in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 33 key informants, including representatives from CMAM and donor agencies, and collected quantitative data on performance measures and use of funds. Implementation: The RBF agreement linked CMAM performance payments to quarterly results on 5 performance indicators related to supply planning, distribution planning, and warehouse management. RBF is predicated on the theory that a combination of carrot and stick-i. e., shared financial incentives, plus increased accountability for results-will spur changes in behavior. Important design elements: (1) indicators were measured against quarterly targets, and payments were made only for indicators that met those targets; (2) targets were set based on documented performance, at levels that could be reasonably attained, yet pushed for improvement; (3) payment was shared with and dependent on all staff, encouraging teamwork and collaboration; (4) results were validated by verifiable data sources; and (5) CMAM had discretion over how to use the funds. Findings: We found that CMAM's performance continually improved over baseline and that CMAM achieved many of its performance targets, for example, timely submission of quarterly supply and distribution planning reports. Warehouse indicators, such as inventory management and order fulfillment, proved more challenging but were nonetheless positive. By linking payments to periodic verified results, and giving CMAM discretion over how to spend the funds, the RBF agreement motivated the workforce; focused attention on results; strengthened data collection; encouraged teamwork and innovation; and ultimately strengthened the central supply chain. Conclusion: Policy makers and program managers can use performance incentives to catalyze and leverage existing investments. To further strengthen the approach, such incentive programs can shift attention from quantity to quality indicators, improve verification processes, and aim to institutionalize the approach. C1 [Spisak, Cary; Serumaga, Brian; Wang, Angela] John Snow Inc, USAID, DELIVER PROJECT, Washington, DC USA. [Morgan, Lindsay] Hlth Finance & Governance Project, Bethesda, MD USA. [Eichler, Rena] Broad Branch Associates, Hlth Finance & Governance Project, Washington, DC USA. [Rosen, James] Avenir Hlth, USAID, DELIVER PROJECT, Glastonbury, CT USA. RP Spisak, C (reprint author), John Snow Inc, USAID, DELIVER PROJECT, Washington, DC USA. EM cary_spisak@jsi.com NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH-SCI PRAC JI Glob. Health PD MAR PY 2016 VL 4 IS 1 BP 165 EP 177 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00173 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DH7MF UT WOS:000372977400016 PM 27016552 ER PT J AU Toledo, CE Jacobson, J Wainwright, EC Ottesen, EA Lammie, PJ AF Toledo, Chelsea E. Jacobson, Julie Wainwright, Emily C. Ottesen, Eric A. Lammie, Patrick J. TI RRR for NNN-a rapid research response for the Neglected Tropical Disease NGDO Network: a novel framework to challenges faced by the global programs targeting neglected tropical diseases SO INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Disease elimination; Government financing; Non-governmental organizations; Operations research; Tropical medicine AB While global programs targeting the control or elimination of five of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs)-lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis, schistosomiasis and trachoma-are well underway, they still face many operational challenges. Because of the urgency of 2020 program targets, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the U.S. Agency for International Development devised a novel rapid research response (RRR) framework to engage national programs, researchers, implementers and WHO in a Coalition for Operational Research on NTDs. After 2 years, this effort has succeeded as an important basis for the research response to programmatic challenges facing NTD programs. C1 [Toledo, Chelsea E.; Ottesen, Eric A.; Lammie, Patrick J.] Task Force Global Hlth, Neglected Trop Dis Support Ctr, Decatur, GA USA. [Jacobson, Julie] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. [Wainwright, Emily C.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Toledo, CE (reprint author), Task Force Global Hlth, Neglected Trop Dis Support Ctr, Decatur, GA USA. EM ctoledo@taskforce.org FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; U.S. Agency for International Development FX Operational research managed by the Neglected Tropical Diseases Support Center is supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the U.S. Agency for International Development. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1876-3413 EI 1876-3405 J9 INT HEALTH JI Int. Health PD MAR PY 2016 VL 8 SU 1 BP i12 EP i14 DI 10.1093/inthealth/ihv072 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DH2RN UT WOS:000372633900004 PM 26940303 ER PT J AU Lienhardt, C Lonnroth, K Menzies, D Balasegaram, M Chakaya, J Cobelens, F Cohn, J Denkinger, CM Evans, TG Kallenius, G Kaplan, G Kumar, AMV Matthiessen, L Mgone, CS Mizrahi, V Mukadi, YD Nguyen, VN Nordstrom, A Sizemore, CF Spigelman, M Squire, SB Swaminathan, S Van Helden, PD Zumla, A Weyer, K Weil, D Raviglione, M AF Lienhardt, Christian Loennroth, Knut Menzies, Dick Balasegaram, Manica Chakaya, Jeremiah Cobelens, Frank Cohn, Jennifer Denkinger, Claudia M. Evans, Thomas G. Kallenius, Gunilla Kaplan, Gilla Kumar, Ajay M. V. Matthiessen, Line Mgone, Charles S. Mizrahi, Valerie Mukadi, Ya-diul Viet Nhung Nguyen Nordstrom, Anders Sizemore, Christine F. Spigelman, Melvin Squire, S. Bertel Swaminathan, Soumya Van Helden, Paul D. Zumla, Alimuddin Weyer, Karin Weil, Diana Raviglione, Mario TI Translational Research for Tuberculosis Elimination: Priorities, Challenges, and Actions SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LATENT TUBERCULOSIS; FUTURE-PROSPECTS; HEALTH; TB; MOXIFLOXACIN; REGIMENS; VACCINES; NEEDS; KEY; US C1 [Lienhardt, Christian; Loennroth, Knut; Weyer, Karin; Weil, Diana; Raviglione, Mario] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Menzies, Dick] McGill Univ, Montreal Chest Inst, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Balasegaram, Manica; Cohn, Jennifer] Med Sans Frontieres, Access Campaign, Geneva, Switzerland. [Chakaya, Jeremiah] Kenya Med Res Inst KEMRI, Ctr Resp Dis Res, Nairobi, Kenya. [Cobelens, Frank] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Denkinger, Claudia M.] FIND Diagnost, Geneva, Switzerland. [Evans, Thomas G.] Aeras, Rockville, MD USA. [Kallenius, Gunilla] Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Sci & Educ, Stockholm, Sweden. [Kaplan, Gilla] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. [Kumar, Ajay M. V.] South East Asia Reg Off, Int Union TB & Lung Dis, New Delhi, India. [Matthiessen, Line] European Commiss, DG Res & Innovat, Brussels, Belgium. [Mgone, Charles S.] European & Developing Countries Clin Trials Partn, The Hague, Netherlands. [Mizrahi, Valerie] Univ Cape Town, Inst Infect Dis & Mol Med, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Mukadi, Ya-diul] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Viet Nhung Nguyen] Natl Lung Hosp, Natl TB Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Nordstrom, Anders] Minist Foreign Affairs, Ambassador Global Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden. [Sizemore, Christine F.] NIAID, TB Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Dis Program, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Spigelman, Melvin] Global Alliance TB Drug Dev, New York, NY USA. [Squire, S. Bertel] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Ctr Appl Hlth Res & Delivery, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Swaminathan, Soumya] Indian Council Med Res, Natl Inst Res TB, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. [Van Helden, Paul D.] Univ Stellenbosch, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Div Human Genet & Mol Biol, DST NRF Ctr Excellence Biomed TB Res,MRC,Ctr TB R, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. [Zumla, Alimuddin] UCL, Sch Med, Div Infect & Immun, Mortimer St, London W1N 8AA, England. RP Lienhardt, C (reprint author), WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM lienhardtc@who.int RI Lonnroth, Knut/L-2339-2014; OI Lonnroth, Knut/0000-0001-5054-8240; Zumla, Alimuddin/0000-0002-5111-5735 FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX The Article Processing Charges for this paper were funded by The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, who also provided funding for a commissioning fee of $2,000. GKap, Director of the TB Programme at The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, contributed as an author to the content and preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1549-1676 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 13 IS 3 AR e1001965 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001965 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DH8JN UT WOS:000373039400001 PM 26933883 ER PT J AU Kruk, ME Vail, D Austin-Evelyn, K Atuyambe, L Greeson, D Grepin, KA Kibira, SPS Macwan'gi, M Masvawure, TB Rabkin, M Sacks, E Simbaya, J Galea, S AF Kruk, Margaret E. Vail, Daniel Austin-Evelyn, Katherine Atuyambe, Lynn Greeson, Dana Grepin, Karen Ann Kibira, Simon P. S. Macwan'gi, Mubiana Masvawure, Tsitsi B. Rabkin, Miriam Sacks, Emma Simbaya, Joseph Galea, Sandro TI Evaluation Of A Maternal Health Program In Uganda And Zambia Finds Mixed Results On Quality Of Care And Satisfaction SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID NEWBORN RESUSCITATION; INCOME COUNTRIES; TANZANIA; MORTALITY; PROVIDERS; CHILDBIRTH; RESOURCE; CLINICS; HIV; DETERMINANTS AB Saving Mothers, Giving Life is a multidonor program designed to reduce maternal mortality in Uganda and Zambia. We used a quasi-random research design to evaluate its effects on provider obstetric knowledge, clinical confidence, and job satisfaction, and on patients' receipt of services, perceived quality, and satisfaction. Study participants were 1,267 health workers and 2,488 female patients. Providers' knowledge was significantly higher in Ugandan and Zambian intervention districts than in comparison districts, and in Uganda there were similar positive differences for providers' clinical confidence and job satisfaction. Patients in Ugandan intervention facilities were more likely to give high ratings for equipment availability, providers' knowledge and communication skills, and care quality, among other factors, than patients in comparison facilities. There were fewer differences between Zambian intervention and comparison facilities. Country differences likely reflect differing intensity of program implementation and the more favorable geography of intervention districts in Uganda than in Zambia. National investments in the health system and provider training and the identification of intervention components most associated with improved performance will be required for scaling up and sustaining the program. C1 [Kruk, Margaret E.] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Global Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Vail, Daniel] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Austin-Evelyn, Katherine] Int Womens Hlth Coalit, Learning & Evaluat, New York, NY USA. [Atuyambe, Lynn] Makerere Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Community Hlth & Behav Sci, Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. [Greeson, Dana] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, ASPPH, Pretoria, South Africa. [Grepin, Karen Ann] NYU, Robert F Wagner Grad Sch Publ Serv, Global Hlth Policy, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Kibira, Simon P. S.] Makerere Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Community Hlth & Behav Sci, Kampala, Uganda. [Macwan'gi, Mubiana; Simbaya, Joseph] Univ Zambia, Inst Econ & Social Res, Lusaka, Zambia. [Masvawure, Tsitsi B.] Coll Holy Cross, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Rabkin, Miriam] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, ICAP, Med & Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. [Sacks, Emma] US Agcy Int Dev, Maternal & Child Survival Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Sacks, Emma] ICF Int, Washington, DC USA. [Galea, Sandro] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Kruk, ME (reprint author), Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Global Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM mkruk@hsph.harvard.edu OI Kibira, Simon Peter/0000-0002-7385-423X FU Merck through Merck for Mothers Program FX This project was funded by a grant from Merck through its Merck for Mothers Program. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not represent the official views of Merck. Study sponsors did not have any role in study design, data analysis, data interpretation, writing of the report, or submission for publication. Margaret Kruk had full access to all of the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. All authors reviewed the final manuscript and approved submission. The authors acknowledge the assistance of the Saving Mothers, Giving Life Leadership Council and Secretariat. The authors are grateful to the US Department of State, US Agency for International Development, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and staff members of the ministries of health in Uganda and Zambia, as well as district medical officers and their teams, US Peace Corps volunteers, and implementing partner organizations, for assisting them in obtaining program data. The authors thank Moyern Mungwala for assistance in data collection in Zambia and Elysia Larson, Sabrina Hermosilla, and Anton Palma for their support with data collection and analysis. Stella Neema, Mutinta Moonga, and Richard Zulu provided valuable input to study design and data collection. The authors also acknowledge the women and health workers who gave their time to participate in interviews. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 35 IS 3 BP 510 EP 519 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0902 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA DG1KA UT WOS:000371825000020 PM 26953307 ER PT J AU Tupasi, TE Garfin, AMCG Kurbatova, EV Mangan, JM Orillaza-Chi, R Naval, LC Balane, GI Basilio, R Golubkov, A Joson, ES Lew, WJ Lofranco, V Mantala, M Pancho, S Sarol, JN AF Tupasi, Thelma E. Garfin, Anna Marie Celina G. Kurbatova, Ekaterina V. Mangan, Joan M. Orillaza-Chi, Ruth Naval, Leilani C. Balane, Glenn I. Basilio, Ramon Golubkov, Alexander Joson, Evelyn S. Lew, Woo-jin Lofranco, Vivian Mantala, Mariquita Pancho, Stuart Sarol, Jesus N., Jr. TI Factors Associated with Loss to Follow-up during Treatment for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, the Philippines, 2012-2014 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TREATMENT DEFAULT; SELF-EFFICACY; DOTS-PLUS; PREDICTORS; OUTCOMES; INTERVENTIONS; METAANALYSIS; PHYSICIANS; TRUST; TOMSK AB To identify factors associated with loss to follow-up during treatment for multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) in the Philippines, we conducted a case control study of adult patients who began receiving treatment for rifampin-resistant TB during July 1 December 31, 2012. Among 91 case-patients (those lost to follow-up) and 182 control-patients (those who adhered to treatment), independent factors associated with loss to follow-up included patients' higher self-rating of the severity of vomiting as an adverse drug reaction and alcohol abuse. Protective factors included receiving any type of assistance from the TB program, better. TB knowledge, and higher levels of trust in and support from physicians and nurses. These results provide insights for designing interventions aimed at reducing patient loss to follow-up during treatment for MDR TB. C1 [Tupasi, Thelma E.; Naval, Leilani C.; Balane, Glenn I.; Joson, Evelyn S.; Sarol, Jesus N., Jr.] Trop Dis Fdn Inc, Amorsolo St & Urban Ave, Makati 1230, Philippines. [Garfin, Anna Marie Celina G.; Basilio, Ramon] Dept Hlth, Manila, Philippines. [Kurbatova, Ekaterina V.; Mangan, Joan M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Orillaza-Chi, Ruth] Philippine Business Social Progress Innovat & Mul, Manila, Philippines. [Golubkov, Alexander] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Lew, Woo-jin] WHO, Manila, Philippines. [Lofranco, Vivian; Pancho, Stuart] Lung Ctr Philippines, Manila, Philippines. [Mantala, Mariquita] Tech Assistance Countries USAID Funded Act, Manila, Philippines. RP Tupasi, TE (reprint author), Trop Dis Fdn Inc, Amorsolo St & Urban Ave, Makati 1230, Philippines. EM tetupasi@yahoo.com FU USAID Philippines with Philippine Business for Social Progress for the Innovations and Multisectoral Partnership FX Funding for this study was provided by USAID Philippines through cooperative agreement with Philippine Business for Social Progress for the Innovations and Multisectoral Partnership to Achieve Control of Tuberculosis project. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2016 VL 22 IS 3 BP 491 EP 502 DI 10.3201/eid2203.151788 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA DF2RS UT WOS:000371192100018 PM 26889786 ER PT J AU Alva, S Johnson, K Jacob, A D'Agnes, H Mantovani, R Evans, T AF Alva, Soumya Johnson, Kiersten Jacob, Anila D'Agnes, Heather Mantovani, Richard Evans, Thea TI Marine protected areas and children's dietary diversity in the Philippines SO POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Marine protected areas; Biodiversity; Dietary diversity; Nutrition; Children; Philippines AB Fish living around the coral reefs in the Philippines provide livelihoods for more than a million local fishers and are an important source of protein for coastal communities. However, this rich resource is at risk from myriad threats, which consequently threaten human livelihoods, nutrition, and health. In this paper, we examine the degree to which marine protected areas (MPAs), which aim to conserve marine biodiversity, are associated with improved nutritional outcomes in children under age 5. This analysis, which uses data from the 2008 Philippines Demographic and Health Survey and MPA data from the Coastal Conservation and Education Fund, found a positive association between MPAs and children's dietary diversity when the MPAs were located closer than 2 km to a child's community. MPA characteristics such as age or type of management were not consistently associated with dietary diversity. These results suggest a positive association of proximity to MPAs with certain aspects of children's diet. C1 [Alva, Soumya] John Snow Inc, 1616 N Ft Myer Dr,16th Floor, Rosslyn, VA 22209 USA. [Johnson, Kiersten] WESTAT Corp, 1600 Res Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Jacob, Anila] ICF Int, 1725 1 St NW 1000, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [D'Agnes, Heather] US Agcy Int Dev, Ronald Reagan Bldg,1300 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Mantovani, Richard] ICF Int, 9300 Lee Hwy, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Alva, Soumya; Johnson, Kiersten] ICF Int, 530 Gaither Rd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Evans, Thea] Blue Raster, DHS Program, 2200 Wilson Blvd,Suite 210, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. RP Alva, S (reprint author), John Snow Inc, 1616 N Ft Myer Dr,16th Floor, Rosslyn, VA 22209 USA.; Alva, S (reprint author), ICF Int, 530 Gaither Rd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM soumya_alva@jsi.com FU Forestry and Biodiversity Office, E3 Bureau, at the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through the MEASURE DHS project [GPO-C-00-08-00008-00] FX This paper has benefited from discussions with Clara Burgert (ICF International) on the preparation of the spatial data. We thank CCEF for their responsiveness to requests for data, Alan White (The Nature Conservancy), who conceptualized the CCEF database for information on the database and MPAs in the Philippines; Monica Kothari (PATH) for guidance on minimum dietary diversity; Barbara Best (USAID), Kerry Scott Reeves and Rebecca Guieb (USAID Philippines) and Robin Naidoo (WWF) for their review comments on an earlier draft, and Diane Adams (USAID) for a careful final review and thoughtful comments. This research was carried out with support provided by the Forestry and Biodiversity Office, E3 Bureau, at the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through the MEASURE DHS project (#GPO-C-00-08-00008-00). We would like to thank USAID's Global Health Bureau for their assistance with this project. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0199-0039 EI 1573-7810 J9 POPUL ENVIRON JI Popul. Env. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 37 IS 3 BP 341 EP 361 DI 10.1007/s11111-015-0240-9 PG 21 WC Demography; Environmental Studies SC Demography; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE1DW UT WOS:000370367900004 ER PT J AU Lane, J Verani, A Hijazi, M Hurley, E Hagopian, A Judice, N MacInnis, R Sanford, S Zelek, S Katz, A AF Lane, Jeffrey Verani, Andre Hijazi, Mai Hurley, Erin Hagopian, Amy Judice, Nicole MacInnis, Ron Sanford, Sallie Zelek, Sarah Katz, Aaron TI Monitoring HIV and AIDS Related Policy Reforms: A Road Map to Strengthen Policy Monitoring and Implementation in PEPFAR Partner Countries SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-AFRICA; PROGRAMS; HIV/AIDS; IMPACT AB Achieving an AIDS-free generation will require the adoption and implementation of critical health policy reforms. However, countries with high HIV burden often have low policy development, advocacy, and monitoring capacity. This lack of capacity may be a significant barrier to achieving the AIDS-free generation goals. This manuscript describes the increased focus on policy development and implementation by the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). It evaluates the curriculum and learning modalities used for two regional policy capacity building workshops organized around the PEPFAR Partnership Framework agreements and the Road Map for Monitoring and Implementing Policy Reforms. A total of 64 participants representing the U.S. Government, partner country governments, and civil society organizations attended the workshops. On average, participants responded that their policy monitoring skills improved and that they felt they were better prepared to monitor policy reforms three months after the workshop. When followed-up regarding utilization of the Road Map action plan, responses were mixed. Reasons cited for not making progress included an inability to meet or a lack of time, personnel, or governmental support. This lack of progress may point to a need for building policy monitoring systems in high HIV burden countries. Because the success of policy reforms cannot be measured by the mere adoption of written policy documents, monitoring the implementation of policy reforms and evaluating their public health impact is essential. In many high HIV burden countries, policy development and monitoring capacity remains weak. This lack of capacity could hinder efforts to achieve the ambitious AIDS-free generation treatment, care and prevention goals. The Road Map appears to be a useful tool for strengthening these critical capacities. C1 [Lane, Jeffrey; Hagopian, Amy; Zelek, Sarah; Katz, Aaron] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lane, Jeffrey; Sanford, Sallie] Univ Washington, Sch Law, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lane, Jeffrey] Foster Pepper PLLC, Seattle, WA USA. [Verani, Andre; Hurley, Erin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hijazi, Mai] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Judice, Nicole; MacInnis, Ron] Hlth Policy Project, Futures Grp, Washington, DC USA. RP Lane, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM lanej3@u.washington.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC.) [U48-DP001911]; Health Policy Project - U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) [AID-OAA-A-10-00067]; United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; United States Agency for International Development; Foster Pepper, PLLC FX This research is a product of the University of Washington Health Promotion Research Center and was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U48-DP001911 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC.) Support for the study was also provided through the Health Policy Project, which is funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development and the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) under Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-10-00067, beginning 30th September 2010. This work was supported by the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the United States Agency for International Development. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or of the U.S. Agency for International Development. Foster Pepper, PLLC, provided support in the form of salary for author Jeffrey Lane, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of Jeffrey Lane are articulated in the 'author contributions' section. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 25 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 2 AR e0146720 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0146720 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DF2LW UT WOS:000371175700003 PM 26914708 ER PT J AU Kamal, N Curtis, S Hasan, MS Jamil, K AF Kamal, Nahid Curtis, Sian Hasan, Mohammad S. Jamil, Kanta TI Trends in equity in use of maternal health services in urban and rural Bangladesh SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EQUITY IN HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Equity; Maternal healthcare use; Urbanization; Bangladesh ID OBSTETRIC CARE; MORTALITY; IMPROVEMENTS; ACCESS; INDIA AB Background: Maternal healthcare utilization is a major determinant of maternal mortality. Bangladesh is experiencing a rapid pace of urbanization with all future growth in population expected to be in urban areas. Health care infrastructure is different in urban and rural areas thus warranting an examination of equity in use rates of maternal healthcare. This paper addresses whether the urban-rural and rich-poor gaps in use of selected maternal healthcare indicators have narrowed or widened over the last decade. The paper also explores changes in the service provider environment in urban and rural domains. Methods: The 2001 and 2010 Bangladesh Maternal Mortality and Health Care Survey data were used to examine trends in use of antenatal care from medically trained providers and in deliveries taking place at health facilities. Separate wealth quintiles were constructed for urban and rural areas. The concentration index was calculated for urban and rural areas to measure equity in distribution of antenatal care (ANC) and facility deliveries across wealth quintiles in urban and rural domains. Results: The gap in use of ANC provided by medically trained personnel narrowed in urban and rural areas between 2001 and 2010 while that in facility deliveries widened. The difference in use of ANC by the rich and the poor was not as pronounced as that in utilization of facilities for deliveries. Over the last decade, equity in utilization of health facilities for deliveries has improved at a faster rate in urban areas. Private sector has surpassed the public sector and appears to be the dominant provider of maternal healthcare in both domains with the share of NGOs increasing in urban areas. Conclusions: The faster pace of improvement in equity in maternal healthcare utilization in urban areas is reflective of the changing service environment in urban and rural areas, among other factors. C1 [Kamal, Nahid] Univ N Carolina, MEASURE Evaluat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kamal, Nahid] Int Ctr Diarrheal Dis Res Icddr B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Curtis, Sian] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hasan, Mohammad S.] Univ Dhaka, Dept Populat Sci, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Jamil, Kanta] USAID, Off Populat Hlth Nutr & Educ, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Kamal, N (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, MEASURE Evaluat, Chapel Hill, NC USA.; Kamal, N (reprint author), Int Ctr Diarrheal Dis Res Icddr B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. EM nahid.kamal@icddrb.org FU Carolina Population Center [R24 HD050924]; U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) [AID-OAA-L-14-00004] FX We are grateful to the Carolina Population Center (R24 HD050924) for general support.; MEASURE Evaluation is funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) through Cooperative Agreement AID-OAA-L-14-00004 and is implemented by the Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, in partnership with Futures Group International, John Snow, Inc., Macro International Inc., Management Sciences for Health, and Tulane University. The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States government. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-9276 J9 INT J EQUITY HEALTH JI Int. J. Equity Health PD FEB 17 PY 2016 VL 15 AR 27 DI 10.1186/s12939-016-0311-2 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DD7VX UT WOS:000370133900001 PM 26883742 ER PT J AU de Bernis, L Kinney, MV Stones, W ten Hoope-Bender, P Vivio, D Leisher, SH Bhutta, ZA Gulmezoglu, M Mathai, M Belizan, JM Franco, L McDougall, L Zeitlin, J Malata, A Dickson, KE Lawn, JE AF de Bernis, Luc Kinney, Mary V. Stones, William ten Hoope-Bender, Petra Vivio, Donna Leisher, Susannah Hopkins Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Guelmezoglu, Metin Mathai, Matthews Belizan, Jose M. Franco, Lynne McDougall, Lori Zeitlin, Jennifer Malata, Address Dickson, Kim E. Lawn, Joy E. CA Lancet Ending Preventable Lancet Ending Preventable TI Stillbirths: ending preventable deaths by 2030 SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID LOW-RESOURCE SETTINGS; NEWBORN HEALTH; MATERNAL MORTALITY; PRETERM BIRTH; COUNTRIES; CARE; INTERVENTIONS; MIDWIFERY; SURVIVAL; SYSTEMS AB Efforts to achieve the new worldwide goals for maternal and child survival will also prevent stillbirth and improve health and developmental outcomes. However, the number of annual stillbirths remains unchanged since 2011 and is unacceptably high: an estimated 2.6 million in 2015. Failure to consistently include global targets or indicators for stillbirth in post-2015 initiatives shows that stillbirths are hidden in the worldwide agenda. This Series paper summarises findings from previous papers in this Series, presents new analyses, and proposes specific criteria for successful integration of stillbirths into post-2015 initiatives for women's and children's health. Five priority areas to change the stillbirth trend include intentional leadership; increased voice, especially of women; implementation of integrated interventions with commensurate investment; indicators to measure effect of interventions and especially to monitor progress; and investigation into crucial knowledge gaps. The post-2015 agenda represents opportunities for all stakeholders to act together to end all preventable deaths, including stillbirths. C1 [de Bernis, Luc] UN Populat Fund, CH-1219 Geneva, Switzerland. [Kinney, Mary V.; Lawn, Joy E.] Save Children, Saving Newborn Lives, Edgemead, South Africa. [Stones, William] Univ St Andrews, Sch Med, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. [Stones, William] Univ Malawi, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Blantyre, Malawi. [Stones, William] Int Federat Gynecol & Obstet, London, England. [Vivio, Donna] US Agcy Int Dev, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Leisher, Susannah Hopkins] Univ Queensland, Res Inst, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Leisher, Susannah Hopkins] Int Stillbirth Alliance, Millburn, NJ USA. [Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.] Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Global Child Hlth, 555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.] Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Excellence Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan. [Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.] Int Paediat Assoc, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Guelmezoglu, Metin] World Hlth Org, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, Geneva, Switzerland. [Mathai, Matthews] World Hlth Org, Dept Maternal Child Adolescent Hlth, Geneva, Switzerland. [Belizan, Jose M.] Inst Clin Effectiveness & Hlth Policy, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Franco, Lynne] EnCompass LLC, Washington, DC USA. [McDougall, Lori] Partnership Maternal Newborn & Child Hlth, Geneva, Switzerland. [Lawn, Joy E.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Ctr Maternal Adolescent Reprod & Child Hlth MARCH, London WC1, England. [Lawn, Joy E.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London WC1, England. [Zeitlin, Jennifer] Paris Descartes Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Ctr Epidemiol & Stat,Insem,UMR 1153, Obstetr Perinatal & Pediat Epidemiol Res Team Epo, Paris, France. [Malata, Address] Univ Malawi, Kamuzu Coll Nursing, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Dickson, Kim E.] UNICEF Headquarters, Programmes Div, New York, NY USA. RP de Bernis, L (reprint author), UN Populat Fund, CH-1219 Geneva, Switzerland. EM lucdebernis1@gmail.com RI Stones, William/R-8618-2016; OI Stones, William/0000-0003-0699-2381; Froen Froen, Jahn Frederik/0000-0001-9390-8509 FU World Health Organization [001] NR 87 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 13 PY 2016 VL 387 IS 10019 BP 703 EP 716 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00954-X PG 14 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DD3QH UT WOS:000369837100029 PM 26794079 ER PT J AU Duan, WL He, B Nover, D Yang, GS Chen, W Meng, HF Zou, S Liu, CM AF Duan, Weili He, Bin Nover, Daniel Yang, Guishan Chen, Wen Meng, Huifang Zou, Shan Liu, Chuanming TI Water Quality Assessment and Pollution Source Identification of the Eastern Poyang Lake Basin Using Multivariate Statistical Methods SO SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Article DE water pollution; spatio-temporal variation; pollution source identification; Eastern Poyang Lake Basin ID GOMTI RIVER INDIA; HEAVY-METALS; NEURAL-NETWORK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHINA; JAPAN; NITROGEN; SOIL; APPORTIONMENT; PREDICTION AB Multivariate statistical methods including cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA) and component analysis/factor analysis (PCA/FA), were applied to explore the surface water quality datasets including 14 parameters at 28 sites of the Eastern Poyang Lake Basin, Jiangxi Province of China, from January 2012 to April 2015, characterize spatiotemporal variation in pollution and identify potential pollution sources. The 28 sampling stations were divided into two periods (wet season and dry season) and two regions (low pollution and high pollution), respectively, using hierarchical CA method. Four parameters (temperature, pH, ammonia-nitrogen (NH4-N), and total nitrogen (TN)) were identified using DA to distinguish temporal groups with close to 97.86% correct assignations. Again using DA, five parameters (pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), TN, Fluoride (F), and Sulphide (S)) led to 93.75% correct assignations for distinguishing spatial groups. Five potential pollution sources including nutrients pollution, oxygen consuming organic pollution, fluorine chemical pollution, heavy metals pollution and natural pollution, were identified using PCA/FA techniques for both the low pollution region and the high pollution region. Heavy metals (Cuprum (Cu), chromium (Cr) and Zinc (Zn)), fluoride and sulfide are of particular concern in the study region because of many open-pit copper mines such as Dexing Copper Mine. Results obtained from this study offer a reasonable classification scheme for low-cost monitoring networks. The results also inform understanding of spatio-temporal variation in water quality as these topics relate to water resources management. C1 [Duan, Weili; He, Bin; Yang, Guishan; Chen, Wen; Meng, Huifang] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Key Lab Watershed Geog Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Nover, Daniel] US Agcy Int Dev, Accra, Ghana. [Zou, Shan] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Econ & Dev, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Liu, Chuanming] Huaiyin Normal Univ, Jiangsu Collaborat Innovat Ctr Reg Modern Agr & E, Huaian 223300, Peoples R China. RP Duan, WL; He, B (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Key Lab Watershed Geog Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM wlduan@niglas.ac.cn; hebin@niglas.ac.cn; dmnover@gmail.com; gsyang@niglas.ac.cn; wchen@niglas.ac.cn; huifangmeng666666@163.com; zou.shan.cn@gmail.com; lcmdoc518@126.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41471460, 41501552, 41130750]; "One Hundred Talents Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences FX This study was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41471460, 41501552, and 41130750) and "One Hundred Talents Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The authors are grateful to some staff members of Shangrao Environmental Protection and Shangrao Development and Reform Commission for their helpful information for this study. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 21 U2 58 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2071-1050 J9 SUSTAINABILITY-BASEL JI Sustainability PD FEB PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 AR 133 DI 10.3390/su8020133 PG 15 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DG1LR UT WOS:000371830100015 ER PT J AU Nadol, P Tran, H Hammett, T Phan, S Nguyen, D Kaldor, J Law, M AF Nadol, Patrick Hoang Tran Hammett, Theodore Son Phan Duong Nguyen Kaldor, John Law, Matthew TI High HIV Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors Among Female Sexual Partners of Male Injection Drug Users (MWID) in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Female sex partners; Male injection drug users; HIV/AIDS; Concentrated epidemic ID TRANSMITTED-DISEASE PREVALENCE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CONDOM USE; SERODISCORDANT COUPLES; TRANSMISSION RISK; NORTHERN VIETNAM; BEHAVIORS; INFECTION; POPULATION; INDIA AB Injection drug use is a major factor in acquiring and transmitting HIV in Vietnam. This analysis aims to present estimates of HIV infection and factors associated with HIV infection among female sex partners (FSP) of MWID in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2011 and 2013 among males who inject drugs (MWID) who then referred their FSP for a behavioral and biologic survey. In total, 445 MWID and FSPs were enrolled. HIV prevalence among MWID was 50 and 35 % among FSPs. Among FSPs, 60.3 % reported ever using illegal drugs and among those, 72.7 % reported ever injecting illicit drugs. Among FSP, injection drug for > 1 year [adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR), 95 % CI 2.94, 1.19-7.26), p value = < 0.001] and having a male partner infected with HIV [(aOR 3.35: 1.97-5.69), p value = < 0.001] were associated with HIV infection. The prevalence of HIV infection is high among FSP of MWID in HCMC and is highly associated with the injection drug use behavior of the FSP. Harm-reduction intervention programs that focus on the MWID-FSP couple or directly on the FSPs are required. C1 [Nadol, Patrick; Kaldor, John; Law, Matthew] UNSW, Kirby Inst Infect & Immun Soc, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Hoang Tran] PHR, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Hammett, Theodore; Son Phan] ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Duong Nguyen] USAID, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Nadol, P (reprint author), UNSW, Kirby Inst Infect & Immun Soc, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM p.nadol@student.unsw.edu.au FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the USAID , Health Policy Initiative Vietnam [GPO-I-00-05-00026-00] FX The research has been supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the USAID Contract No.: GPO-I-00-05-00026-00, Health Policy Initiative Vietnam awarded to Abt. Associates Inc. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 EI 1573-3254 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS Behav. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 20 IS 2 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s10461-015-1156-1 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA DE0UX UT WOS:000370341600017 PM 26271814 ER PT J AU Berger, A Kablan, A Yao, C Ho, T Podyma, B Weinstein, LS Chen, M AF Berger, Alta Kablan, Ahmed Yao, Catherine Ho, Thuy Podyma, Brandon Weinstein, Lee S. Chen, Min TI G(s)alpha Deficiency in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Enhances Leptin Sensitivity and Improves Glucose Homeostasis in Mice on a High-Fat Diet SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM TYPE 1A; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; RECEPTOR MESSENGER-RNA; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MELANOCORTIN-4 RECEPTOR; BODY-WEIGHT; STEROIDOGENIC FACTOR-1; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; REDUCED ADIPOSITY; ENERGY-BALANCE AB In both mice and patients with Albright hereditary osteodystrophy, heterozygous inactivating mutations of G(s)alpha, a ubiquitously expressed G protein that mediates receptor-stimulated intracellular cAMP production, lead to obesity and insulin resistance but only when the mutation is present on the maternal allele. This parent-of-origin effect in mice was shown to be due to G(s)alpha imprinting in one or more brain regions. The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is involved in the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis, but the role of G(s)alpha in VMH on metabolic regulation is unknown. To examine this, we created VMH-specific G(s)alpha-deficient mice by mating G(s)alpha-floxed mice with SF1-cre mice. Heterozygotes with G(s)alpha mutation on either the maternal or paternal allele had a normal metabolic phenotype, and there was no molecular evidence of G(s)alpha imprinting, indicating that the parent-of-origin metabolic effects associated with G(s)alpha mutations is not due to G(s)alpha deficiency in VMH SF1 neurons. Homozygous VMH G(s)alpha knockout mice (VMHGsKO) showed no changes in body weight on either a regular or high-fat diet. However, glucose metabolism ( fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity) was significantly improved in male VMHGsKO mice, with the difference more dramatic on the high-fat diet. Inaddition, male VMHGsKO mice on the high-fat diet showed a greater anorexigenic effect and increased VMH signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 phosphorylation in response to leptin. These results indicate that VMHG(s)alpha/cyclic AMP signaling regulates glucose homeostasis and alters leptin sensitivity in mice, particularly in the setting of excess caloric intake. C1 [Berger, Alta; Kablan, Ahmed; Yao, Catherine; Ho, Thuy; Podyma, Brandon; Weinstein, Lee S.; Chen, Min] NIDDK, Metab Dis Branch, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 8C101, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Berger, Alta] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Kablan, Ahmed] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Yao, Catherine] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA. [Ho, Thuy] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. RP Weinstein, LS; Chen, M (reprint author), NIDDK, Metab Dis Branch, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 8C101, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM leew@mail.nih.gov; minc@niddk.nih.gov FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, Maryland) FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, Maryland). NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 2055 L ST NW, SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-7227 EI 1945-7170 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD FEB PY 2016 VL 157 IS 2 BP 600 EP 610 DI 10.1210/en.2015-1700 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA DD5LT UT WOS:000369965900018 PM 26671183 ER PT J AU Shen, AK Weiss, JM Andrus, JK Pecenka, C Atherly, D Taylor, K McQuestion, M AF Shen, Angela K. Weiss, Jonathan M. Andrus, Jon Kim Pecenka, Clint Atherly, Deborah Taylor, Katherine McQuestion, Michael TI Country Ownership And Gavi Transition: Comprehensive Approaches To Supporting New Vaccine Introduction SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; CHILD-MORTALITY AB Since the mid-2000s low-and lower-middle-income countries have been focusing on developing and using evidence for immunization policy making, with an increasing emphasis on cost-effectiveness analysis, program costing, and financial flows-particularly for the introduction of newer, more expensive vaccines. While this is critical to informing decisions, countries still need to increase national immunization investment and explore innovative approaches to augment financing of immunization programs. The need for increased financing is especially strong in countries transitioning from support by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. With increased fiscal space to finance health and immunization programs as a result of improved economic performance, low-and lower-middle-income countries can reach the health status enjoyed by wealthier nations within a generation. However, new strategies and approaches related to domestic resources for immunization programs are needed to achieve this goal. Governments will need to increase their investments and modify existing external immunization financing arrangements if country ownership of immunization programs and the full promise of new vaccines are to be realized. C1 [Shen, Angela K.] US Dept HHS, Natl Vaccine Program Off, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Shen, Angela K.] US Agcy Int Dev, Vaccines & Immunizat, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Weiss, Jonathan M.] United Nations Childrens Fund UNICEF, Supply Div, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Andrus, Jon Kim] Sabin Vaccine Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Andrus, Jon Kim; Pecenka, Clint] PATH, Seattle, WA USA. [Atherly, Deborah] PATH, Hlth Econ & Outcomes Res, Seattle, WA USA. [Taylor, Katherine] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [McQuestion, Michael] Sabin Vaccine Inst, Sustainable Immunizat Financing Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Shen, AK (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Natl Vaccine Program Off, Washington, DC 20201 USA. EM angela.shen@hhs.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 35 IS 2 BP 272 EP 276 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1418 PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA DD1QU UT WOS:000369697200015 PM 26858380 ER PT J AU Singh, K Story, WT Moran, AC AF Singh, Kavita Story, William T. Moran, Allisyn C. TI Assessing the Continuum of Care Pathway for Maternal Health in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Antenatal care; Continuum of care; Family planning; Maternal health; PNC; Skilled delivery; South Asia; Sub-Saharan Africa ID ANTENATAL CARE; SKILLED CARE; CHILD HEALTH; DELIVERY; NEWBORN; IMPACT; TRIAL; BIRTH AB We assess how countries in regions of the world where maternal mortality is highest-South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa-are performing with regards to providing women with vital elements of the continuum of care. Using recent Demographic and Health Survey data from nine countries including 18,036 women, descriptive and multilevel regression analyses were conducted on four key elements of the continuum of care-at least one antenatal care visit, four or more antenatal care visits, delivery with a skilled birth attendant and postnatal checks for the mother within the first 24 h since birth. Family planning counseling within a year of birth was also included in the descriptive analyses. Results indicated that a major drop-out (> 50 %) occurs early on in the continuum of care between the first antenatal care visit and four or more antenatal care visits. Few women (< 5 %) who do not receive any antenatal care go on to have a skilled delivery or receive postnatal care. Women who receive some or all the elements of the continuum of care have greater autonomy and are richer and more educated than women who receive none of the elements. Understanding where drop-out occurs and who drops out can enable countries to better target interventions. Four or more ANC visits plays a pivotal role within the continuum of care and warrants more programmatic attention. Strategies to ensure that vital services are available to all women are essential in efforts to improve maternal health. C1 [Singh, Kavita; Story, William T.] Univ N Carolina, MEASURE Evaluat Carolina Populat Ctr, CB 7445, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. [Singh, Kavita] Univ N Carolina, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Moran, Allisyn C.] USAID, Global Hlth Fellows Program 2, Washington, DC USA. RP Singh, K (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, MEASURE Evaluat Carolina Populat Ctr, CB 7445, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA.; Singh, K (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM kavita_singh@unc.edu FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) [GHA-A-00-08-00003-00]; MEASURE Evaluation; R24 Center Grant [R24 HD050924]; T32 Training Grant [T32 HD007168] FX This study was funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through a cooperative agreement (GHA-A-00-08-00003-00) with MEASURE Evaluation. The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of USAID. This work was also supported in part by an R24 Center Grant (R24 HD050924) and a T32 Training Grant (T32 HD007168) to the Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 EI 1573-6628 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 20 IS 2 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1007/s10995-015-1827-6 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DD3FK UT WOS:000369807300007 PM 26511130 ER PT J AU Mogollon, B Villamagna, AM Frimpong, EA Angermeier, PL AF Mogollon, Beatriz Villamagna, Amy M. Frimpong, Emmanuel A. Angermeier, Paul L. TI Mapping technological and biophysical capacities of watersheds to regulate floods SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem services; Flood duration and magnitude; Flood regulation; Mapping; Technological replacement ID LAND-USE CHANGE; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; STORMWATER MANAGEMENT; CURVE NUMBER; U.S. CITIES; LOW FLOWS; IMPACT; COVER AB Flood regulation is a widely valued and studied service provided by watersheds. Flood regulation benefits people directly by decreasing the socio-economic costs of flooding and indirectly by its positive impacts on cultural (e.g., fishing) and provisioning (e.g., water supply) ecosystem services. Like other regulating ecosystem services (e.g., pollination, water purification), flood regulation is often enhanced or replaced by technology, but the relative efficacy of natural versus technological features in controlling floods has scarcely been examined. In an effort to assess flood regulation capacity for selected urban watersheds in the southeastern United States, we: (1) used long-term flood records to assess relative influence of technological and biophysical indicators on flood magnitude and duration, (2) compared the widely used runoff curve number (RCN) approach for assessing the biophysical capacity to regulate floods to an alternative approach that acknowledges land cover and soil properties separately, and (3) mapped technological and biophysical flood regulation capacities based on indicator importance-values derived for flood magnitude and duration. We found that watersheds with high biophysical (via the alternative approach) and technological capacities lengthened the duration and lowered the peak of floods. We found the RCN approach yielded results opposite that expected, possibly because it confounds soil and land cover processes, particularly in urban landscapes, while our alternative approach coherently separates these processes. Mapping biophysical (via the alternative approach) and technological capacities revealed great differences among watersheds. Our study improves on previous mapping of flood regulation by (1) incorporating technological capacity, (2) providing high spatial resolution (i.e., 10-m pixel) maps of watershed capacities, and (3) deriving importance-values for selected landscape indicators. By accounting for technology that enhances or replaces natural flood regulation, our approach enables watershed managers to make more informed choices in their flood-control investments. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mogollon, Beatriz] USFS, Low Carbon Resilient Dev Program, USAID, Bogota, Colombia. [Villamagna, Amy M.] Plymouth State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. [Mogollon, Beatriz; Frimpong, Emmanuel A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Angermeier, Paul L.] Virginia Tech, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Mogollon, B (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM mogollon@vt.edu; amvillamagna@plymouth.edu; frimp@vt.edu; biota@vt.edu FU Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation at Virginia Tech; Virginia Water Resources Research Center; Virginia Lakes and Watersheds Association; Philanthropic Educational Organization; Department of Defense's Environmental Security Technology Certification Program; U.S. Geological Survey's National Aquatic Gap Analysis Program; U.S. Geological Survey; Virginia Polytechnic Institute; State University, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank the Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation at Virginia Tech, the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, the Virginia Lakes and Watersheds Association, the Philanthropic Educational Organization, the Department of Defense's Environmental Security Technology Certification Program and the U.S. Geological Survey's National Aquatic Gap Analysis Program for funding and support. We thank G. Anderson for his assistance in writing R code to speed the data analysis process and many county officers for help in compiling the BMP information. We thank J. Argentina, K. Stephenson, G. Moglen, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. The Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and Wildlife Management Institute. Use of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 112 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 61 BP 483 EP 499 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.09.049 PN 2 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ9IL UT WOS:000367411200034 ER PT J AU Glenshaw, M Deluca, N Adams, R Parry, C Fritz, K Du Preez, V Voetsch, K Lekone, P Seth, P Bachanas, P Grillo, M Kresina, TF Pick, B Ryan, C Bock, N AF Glenshaw, M. Deluca, N. Adams, R. Parry, C. Fritz, K. Du Preez, V. Voetsch, K. Lekone, P. Seth, P. Bachanas, P. Grillo, M. Kresina, T. F. Pick, B. Ryan, C. Bock, N. TI PEPFAR support of alcohol-HIV prevention activities in Namibia and Botswana: a framework for investigation, implementation and evaluation SO GLOBAL MENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Alcohol; HIV; PEPFAR; Namibia; Botswana ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; SOUTH-AFRICA; SEXUAL RISKS; CAPE-TOWN; HIV/AIDS; WOMEN; INFECTION; ASSOCIATION; MEN AB Background. The association between harmful use of alcohol and HIV infection is well documented. To address this dual epidemic, the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) developed and implemented a multi-pronged approach primarily in Namibia and Botswana. We present the approach and preliminary results of the public health investigative and programmatic activities designed, initiated and supported by PEPFAR to combat the harmful use of alcohol and its association as a driver of HIV morbidity and mortality from 2008 to 2013. Approach. PEPFAR supported comprehensive alcohol programming using a matrix model approach that combined the socio-ecological framework and the Alcohol Misuse Prevention and Intervention Continuum. This structure enabled seven component objectives: (1) to quantify harmful use of alcohol through rapid assessments; (2) to develop and evaluate alcohol-based interventions; (3) to promote screening programs and alcohol abuse resource services; (4) to support stakeholder networks; (5) to support policy interventions and (6) structural interventions; and (7) to institutionalize universal prevention messages. Discussion. Targeted PEPFAR support for alcohol activities resulted in several projects to address harmful alcohol use and HIV. Components are graphically conceptualized within the matrix model, demonstrating the intersections between primary, secondary and tertiary prevention activities and individual, interpersonal, community, and societal factors. Key the complexity of multi-sectorial programming, varying degrees of political will, and difficulties monitoring outcomes over the short duration of the program. C1 [Glenshaw, M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Pretoria, South Africa. [Deluca, N.; Seth, P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS, Viral Hepatitis,TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Adams, R.; Du Preez, V.] Minist Hlth & Social Serv, Windhoek, Namibia. [Parry, C.] MRC, Alcohol Tobacco & Other Drug Res Unit, Cape Town, South Africa. [Parry, C.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Psychiat, Cape Town, South Africa. [Fritz, K.] Int Ctr Res Women, Washington, DC USA. [Voetsch, K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Populat Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lekone, P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Gaborone, Botswana. [Bachanas, P.; Ryan, C.; Bock, N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Grillo, M.] US Dept Def, San Diego, CA USA. [Kresina, T. F.] Ctr Subst Abuse Treatment Subst Abuse & Mental Hl, Div Pharmacol Therapies, Rockville, MA USA. [Pick, B.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Glenshaw, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, US Embassy, 877 Pretorius St, Pretoria, South Africa. EM fev5@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 2054-4251 J9 GLOB MENT HEALTH JI Glob. Ment. Health PD JAN 26 PY 2016 VL 3 AR e2 DI 10.1017/gmh.2015.24 PG 16 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA DN3VB UT WOS:000376991000001 ER PT J AU Grund, JM Toledo, C Davis, SM Ridzon, R Moturi, E Scobie, H Naouri, B Reed, JB Njeuhmeli, E Thomas, AG Benson, FN Sirengo, MW Muyenzi, LN Lija, GJI Rogers, JH Mwanasalli, S Odoyo-June, E Wamai, N Kabuye, G Zulu, JE Aceng, JR Bock, N AF Grund, Jonathan M. Toledo, Carlos Davis, Stephanie M. Ridzon, Renee Moturi, Edna Scobie, Heather Naouri, Boubker Reed, Jason B. Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Thomas, Anne G. Benson, Francis Ndwiga Sirengo, Martin W. Muyenzi, Leon Ngeruka Lija, Gissenge J. I. Rogers, John H. Mwanasalli, Salli Odoyo-June, Elijah Wamai, Nafuna Kabuye, Geoffrey Zulu, James Exnobert Aceng, Jane Ruth Bock, Naomi TI Tetanus Cases After Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention - Eastern and Southern Africa, 2012-2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Grund, Jonathan M.; Toledo, Carlos; Davis, Stephanie M.; Bock, Naomi] CDC, Div Global HIV & TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Moturi, Edna; Scobie, Heather; Naouri, Boubker] CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Reed, Jason B.] Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Thomas, Anne G.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, San Diego, CA USA. [Benson, Francis Ndwiga; Sirengo, Martin W.] Minist Hlth, Natl AIDS & STI Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. [Muyenzi, Leon Ngeruka] Rwanda Mil Hosp, Minist Def, Kigali, Rwanda. [Lija, Gissenge J. I.] Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Natl AIDS Control Program, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Rogers, John H.; Mwanasalli, Salli] CDC, Div Global HIV & TB Tanzania, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Odoyo-June, Elijah] CDC, Div Global HIV & TB Kenya, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wamai, Nafuna; Kabuye, Geoffrey] CDC, Div Global HIV & TB Uganda, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Zulu, James Exnobert] Minist Community Dev Mother & Child Hlth, Lusaka, Zambia. [Aceng, Jane Ruth] Uganda Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. RP Grund, JM (reprint author), CDC, Div Global HIV & TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jgrund@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD JAN 22 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 2 BP 36 EP 37 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DF4TS UT WOS:000371344400006 PM 26797167 ER PT J AU Trajman, A Bastos, ML Belo, M Calaca, J Gaspar, J dos Santos, AM dos Santos, CM Brito, RT Wells, WA Cobelens, FG Vassall, A Gomez, GB AF Trajman, Anete Bastos, Mayara Lisboa Belo, Marcia Calaca, Janaina Gaspar, Julia dos Santos, Alexandre Martins dos Santos, Camila Martins Brito, Raquel Trindade Wells, William A. Cobelens, Frank G. Vassall, Anna Gomez, Gabriela B. TI Shortened first-line TB treatment in Brazil: potential cost savings for patients and health services SO BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tuberculosis; Antitubercular agents; Brazil; Directly observed therapy; Health care costs ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; REGIMENS; MOXIFLOXACIN; CHALLENGES; CARE AB Background: Shortened treatment regimens for tuberculosis are under development to improve treatment outcomes and reduce costs. We estimated potential savings from a societal perspective in Brazil following the introduction of a hypothetical four-month regimen for tuberculosis treatment. Methods: Data were gathered in ten randomly selected health facilities in Rio de Janeiro. Health service costs were estimated using an ingredient approach. Patient costs were estimated from a questionnaire administered to 126 patients. Costs per visits and per case treated were analysed according to the type of therapy: self-administered treatment (SAT), community-and facility-directly observed treatment (community-DOT, facility-DOT). Results: During the last 2 months of treatment, the largest savings could be expected for community-DOT; on average USD 17,351-18,203 and USD 43,660-45,856 (bottom-up and top-down estimates) per clinic. Savings to patients could also be expected as the median (interquartile range) patient-related costs during the two last months were USD 108 (13-291), USD 93 (36-239) and USD 11 (7-126), respectively for SAT, facility-DOT and community-DOT. Conclusion: Introducing a four-month regimen may result in significant cost savings for both the health service and patients, especially the poorest. In particular, a community-DOT strategy, including treatment at home, could maximise health services savings while limiting patient costs. Our cost estimates are likely to be conservative because a 4-month regimen could hypothetically increase the proportion of patients cured by reducing the number of patients defaulting and we did not include the possible cost benefits from the subsequent prevention of costs due to downstream transmission averted and rapid clinical improvement with less side effects in the last two months. C1 [Trajman, Anete; Bastos, Mayara Lisboa] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Trajman, Anete] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Trajman, Anete; Bastos, Mayara Lisboa; Belo, Marcia; Calaca, Janaina; Gaspar, Julia; dos Santos, Alexandre Martins; dos Santos, Camila Martins] TB Sci League, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Belo, Marcia] Souza Marques Fdn, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Brito, Raquel Trindade] Rio de Janeiro Municipal Hlth Dept, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Wells, William A.] Global Alliance TB Drug Dev, New York, NY USA. [Wells, William A.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cobelens, Frank G.; Gomez, Gabriela B.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Amsterdam Inst Global Hlth & Dev, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Cobelens, Frank G.; Gomez, Gabriela B.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Global Hlth, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Vassall, Anna; Gomez, Gabriela B.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth & Dev, London WC1, England. RP Trajman, A (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.; Trajman, A (reprint author), McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM atrajman@gmail.com FU Global Alliance for TB Drug Development (VALUE-TB) in Bangladesh; Global Alliance for TB Drug Development (VALUE-TB) in Brazil; Global Alliance for TB Drug Development (VALUE-TB) in South Africa; Global Alliance for TB Drug Development (VALUE-TB) in Tanzania FX This study was conducted as part of a multi-country project funded by The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development (VALUE-TB) in Bangladesh, Brazil, South Africa, and Tanzania. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6963 J9 BMC HEALTH SERV RES JI BMC Health Serv. Res. PD JAN 22 PY 2016 VL 16 AR 27 DI 10.1186/s12913-016-1269-x PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA DB5JN UT WOS:000368550500001 PM 26800677 ER PT J AU Huesing, JE Andres, D Braverman, MP Burns, A Felsot, AS Harrigan, GG Hellmich, RL Reynolds, A Shelton, AM van Rijssen, WJ Morris, EJ Eloff, JN AF Huesing, Joseph E. Andres, David Braverman, Michael P. Burns, Andrea Felsot, Allan S. Harrigan, George G. Hellmich, Richard L. Reynolds, Alan Shelton, Anthony M. van Rijssen, Wilna Jansen Morris, E. Jane Eloff, Jacobus N. TI Global Adoption of Genetically Modified (GM) Crops: Challenges for the Public Sector SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE agricultural biotechnology; genetically modified crops; regulatory assessments ID WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE; FIELD-EVOLVED RESISTANCE; HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; GREEN-REVOLUTION; PESTICIDE USE; INSECT RESISTANCE; TRANSGENIC MAIZE; BT CROPS; IMPACT AB Advances in biotechnology continue to drive the development of a wide range of insect-protected, herbicide-tolerant, stress-tolerant, and nutritionally enhanced genetically modified (GM) crops, yet societal and public policy considerations may slow their commercialization. Such restrictions may disproportionately affect developing countries, as well as smaller entrepreneurial and public sector initiatives. The 2014 IUPAC International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry (San Francisco, CA, USA; August 2014) included a symposium on "Challenges Associated with Global Adoption of Agricultural Biotechnology" to review current obstacles in promoting GM crops. Challenges identified by symposium presenters included (i) poor public understanding of GM technology and the need for enhanced communication strategies, (ii) nonharmonized and prescriptive regulatory requirements, and (iii) limited experience with regulations and product development within some public sector programs. The need for holistic resistance management programs to enable the most effective use of insect-protected crops was also a point of emphasis. This paper provides details on the symposium discussion and provides background information that can be used in support of further adoption of beneficial GM crops. Overall, it emphasizes that global adoption of modern agricultural biotechnology has not only provided benefits to growers and consumers but has great potential to provide solutions to an increasing global population and diminishing agricultural land. This potential will be realized by continued scientific innovation, harmonized regulatory systems, and broader communication of the benefits of the high-yielding, disease-resistant, and nutritionally enhanced crops attainable through modern biotechnology. C1 [Huesing, Joseph E.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Food Secur, Div Res, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Andres, David] Bayer Cropsci AG, Alfred Nobel Str 50, D-40789 Monheim, Germany. [Braverman, Michael P.] Rutgers State Univ, IR Project 4, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Burns, Andrea] Syngenta Crop Protect LLC, 3054 East Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Felsot, Allan S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Harrigan, George G.] Monsanto Co, 800 N Lindbergh Blvd, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. [Hellmich, Richard L.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hellmich, Richard L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Reynolds, Alan] US EPA, Biopesticides & Pollut Prevent Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Shelton, Anthony M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, NYSAES, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [van Rijssen, Wilna Jansen; Eloff, Jacobus N.] Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Paraclin Sci, Phytomed Programme, Private Bag X04, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. [Morris, E. Jane] Univ Leeds, Sch Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Andres, David] Representing Europabio, Ave Armee 6, B-1040 Etterbeek, Belgium. RP Huesing, JE (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Food Secur, Div Res, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM jhuesing@usaid.gov NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 30 U2 119 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 20 PY 2016 VL 64 IS 2 BP 394 EP 402 DI 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05116 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA DB5OD UT WOS:000368562600003 PM 26751159 ER PT J AU Kapata, N Chanda-Kapata, P Ngosa, W Metitiri, M Klinkenberg, E Kalisvaart, N Sunkutu, V Shibemba, A Chabala, C Chongwe, G Tembo, M Mulenga, L Mbulo, G Katemangwe, P Sakala, S Chizema-Kawesha, E Masiye, F Sinyangwe, G Onozaki, I Mwaba, P Chikamata, D Zumla, A Grobusch, MP AF Kapata, Nathan Chanda-Kapata, Pascalina Ngosa, William Metitiri, Mine Klinkenberg, Eveline Kalisvaart, Nico Sunkutu, Veronica Shibemba, Aaron Chabala, Chishala Chongwe, Gershom Tembo, Mathias Mulenga, Lutinala Mbulo, Grace Katemangwe, Patrick Sakala, Sandra Chizema-Kawesha, Elizabeth Masiye, Felix Sinyangwe, George Onozaki, Ikushi Mwaba, Peter Chikamata, Davy Zumla, Alimuddin Grobusch, Martin P. TI The Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Zambia: Results from the First National TB Prevalence Survey, 2013-2014 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TRENDS; BURDEN AB Background Tuberculosis in Zambia is a major public health problem, however the country does not have reliable baseline data on the TB prevalence for impact measurement; therefore it was among the priority countries identified by the World Health Organization to conduct a national TB prevalence survey Objective To estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis among the adult Zambian population aged 15 years and above, in 2013-2014. Methods A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in 66 clusters across all the 10 provinces of Zambia. Eligible participants aged 15 years and above were screened for TB symptoms, had a chest x-ray (CXR) performed and were offered an HIV test. Participants with TB symptoms and/or CXR abnormality underwent an in-depth interview and submitted one spot- and one morning sputum sample for smear microscopy and liquid culture. Digital data collection methods were used throughout the process. Results Of the 98,458 individuals who were enumerated, 54,830 (55.7%) were eligible to participate, and 46,099 (84.1%) participated. Of those who participated, 45,633/46,099 (99%) were screened by both symptom assessment and chest x-ray, while 466/46,099 (1.01%) were screened by interview only. 6,708 (14.6%) were eligible to submit sputum and 6,154/6,708 (91.7%) of them submitted at least one specimen for examination. MTB cases identified were 265/6,123 (4.3%). The estimated national adult prevalence of smear, culture and bacteriologically confirmed TB was 319/100,000 (232-406/100,000); 568/100,000 (440-697/100,000); and 638/100,000 (502-774/100,000) population, respectively. The risk of having TB was five times higher in the HIV positive than HIV negative individuals. The TB prevalence for all forms was estimated to be 455 /100,000 population for all age groups. Conclusion The prevalence of tuberculosis in Zambia was higher than previously estimated. Innovative approaches are required to accelerate the control of TB. C1 [Kapata, Nathan] Natl TB & Leprosy Control Program, Lusaka, Zambia. [Chanda-Kapata, Pascalina; Ngosa, William; Metitiri, Mine; Sakala, Sandra; Chizema-Kawesha, Elizabeth; Chikamata, Davy] Minist Hlth Headquarters, Lusaka, Zambia. [Klinkenberg, Eveline; Kalisvaart, Nico] KNCV TB Fdn, The Hague, Netherlands. [Klinkenberg, Eveline] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Global Hlth, Amsterdam Inst Global Hlth & Dev, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Sunkutu, Veronica; Shibemba, Aaron; Chabala, Chishala; Mbulo, Grace; Katemangwe, Patrick] Univ Teaching Hosp, Lusaka, Zambia. [Chongwe, Gershom] Univ Zambia, Dept Publ Hlth, Lusaka, Zambia. [Tembo, Mathias] Trop Dis Res Ctr, Ndola, Zambia. [Mulenga, Lutinala] Minist Hlth, Chest Dis Lab, Lusaka, Zambia. [Masiye, Felix] Univ Zambia, Sch Humanities & Social Sci, Dept Econ, Lusaka, Zambia. [Sinyangwe, George] US Agcy Int Dev, Country Mission, Lusaka, Zambia. [Onozaki, Ikushi] WHO, Global TB Programme, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Mwaba, Peter] Minist Home Affairs Headquarters, Lusaka, Zambia. [Zumla, Alimuddin] UCL, Dept Infect, Div Infect & Immun, London, England. [Kapata, Nathan; Chanda-Kapata, Pascalina; Grobusch, Martin P.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Ctr Trop Med & Travel Med, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Kapata, N (reprint author), Natl TB & Leprosy Control Program, Lusaka, Zambia.; Kapata, N (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Ctr Trop Med & Travel Med, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM nkapata@gmail.com OI Zumla, Alimuddin/0000-0002-5111-5735 FU Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) through the Ministry of Health (MoH); United States Government (USG) through United States Agency for International Development-through the TB CARE I Project/Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (USAID)/CDC/TB CARE I; United States Government (USG) through USAID/CDC/TB CARE I FX The survey was co-funded by the Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) through the Ministry of Health (MoH) and the United States Government (USG) through United States Agency for International Development-through the TB CARE I Project/Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (USAID)/CDC/TB CARE I.; The survey was co-funded by the Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) through the Ministry of Health (MoH) and the United States Government (USG) through USAID/CDC/TB CARE I. Much appreciation goes to USAID Zambia, Dr Alwyn Mwinga and Mr Namushi Mwananyambe, CDC Zambia, Dr Mwenadaweli Maboshe WHO Zambia and Dr Seraphine Kamisa TB CARE I for their support. Many thanks to Nicole Maddox and Albertina Ngomah Moraes who proof read the report. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 15 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 1 AR e0146392 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0146392 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DB6ME UT WOS:000368628300016 PM 26771588 ER PT J AU Jacovella, D Evans, TG Claeson, M Kagia, R Pablos-Mendez, A AF Jacovella, Diane Evans, Timothy G. Claeson, Mariam Kagia, Ruth Pablos-Mendez, Ariel TI Global Financing Facility: where will the funds come from? SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 [Jacovella, Diane] Foreign Affairs Trade & Dev, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Evans, Timothy G.] World Bank Grp, Hlth Nutr Populat Global Practice, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Claeson, Mariam] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Maternal Newborn & Child Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. [Pablos-Mendez, Ariel] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Evans, TG (reprint author), World Bank Grp, Hlth Nutr Populat Global Practice, Washington, DC 20433 USA. EM tgevans@worldbank.org NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 9 PY 2016 VL 387 IS 10014 BP 121 EP 122 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DA8LF UT WOS:000368055500020 PM 26703891 ER PT J AU Ashton, RA Kefyalew, T Batisso, E Awano, T Kebede, Z Tesfaye, G Mesele, T Chibsa, S Reithinger, R Brooker, SJ AF Ashton, Ruth A. Kefyalew, Takele Batisso, Esey Awano, Tessema Kebede, Zelalem Tesfaye, Gezahegn Mesele, Tamiru Chibsa, Sheleme Reithinger, Richard Brooker, Simon J. TI The usefulness of school-based syndromic surveillance for detecting malaria epidemics: experiences from a pilot project in Ethiopia SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Syndromic surveillance; Schools; Epidemics; Absenteeism ID EARLY OUTBREAK DETECTION; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; SYSTEM; KENYA; ABSENTEEISM; INFECTIONS; DISTRICT; CHOLERA; INDIA; STATE AB Background: Syndromic surveillance is a supplementary approach to routine surveillance, using pre-diagnostic and non-clinical surrogate data to identify possible infectious disease outbreaks. To date, syndromic surveillance has primarily been used in high-income countries for diseases such as influenza - however, the approach may also be relevant to resource-poor settings. This study investigated the potential for monitoring school absenteeism and febrile illness, as part of a school-based surveillance system to identify localised malaria epidemics in Ethiopia. Methods: Repeated cross-sectional school-and community-based surveys were conducted in six epidemic-prone districts in southern Ethiopia during the 2012 minor malaria transmission season to characterise prospective surrogate and syndromic indicators of malaria burden. Changes in these indicators over the transmission season were compared to standard indicators of malaria (clinical and confirmed cases) at proximal health facilities. Subsequently, two pilot surveillance systems were implemented, each at ten sites throughout the peak transmission season. Indicators piloted were school attendance recorded by teachers, or child-reported recent absenteeism from school and reported febrile illness. Results: Lack of seasonal increase in malaria burden limited the ability to evaluate sensitivity of the piloted syndromic surveillance systems compared to existing surveillance at health facilities. Weekly absenteeism was easily calculated by school staff using existing attendance registers, while syndromic indicators were more challenging to collect weekly from schoolchildren. In this setting, enrolment of school-aged children was found to be low, at 54 %. Non-enrolment was associated with low household wealth, lack of parental education, household size, and distance from school. Conclusions: School absenteeism is a plausible simple indicator of unusual health events within a community, such as malaria epidemics, but the sensitivity of an absenteeism-based surveillance system to detect epidemics could not be rigorously evaluated in this study. Further piloting during a demonstrated increase in malaria transmission within a community is recommended. C1 [Ashton, Ruth A.] Malaria Consortium, London, England. [Ashton, Ruth A.; Reithinger, Richard; Brooker, Simon J.] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Kefyalew, Takele; Kebede, Zelalem; Tesfaye, Gezahegn] Malaria Consortium Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Batisso, Esey; Awano, Tessema] Malaria Consortium Southern Nations, Nationalities & Peoples Reg State Suboff, Hawassa, Ethiopia. [Mesele, Tamiru] Southern Nations Nationalities & Peoples Reg Stat, Hawassa, Ethiopia. [Chibsa, Sheleme] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Reithinger, Richard] RTI Int, Washington, DC USA. RP Ashton, RA (reprint author), Malaria Consortium, London, England. EM rashton@tulane.edu FU U.S. Agency for International Development [663-A-00-09-00404-00]; Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship in Basic Biomedical Science [098045]; John-Henry Memorial Foundation FX This work was funded by a Cooperative Agreement (663-A-00-09-00404-00) from the U.S. Agency for International Development under the President's Malaria Initiative to Malaria Consortium. Simon Brooker is supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship in Basic Biomedical Science (098045). Ruth Ashton receives additional support from the John-Henry Memorial Foundation. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the authors' employing organisations. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JAN 9 PY 2016 VL 16 AR 20 DI 10.1186/s12889-015-2680-7 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DA8NZ UT WOS:000368063500001 PM 26749325 ER PT J AU Ali, I Iqbal, N AF Ali, Iftikhar Iqbal, Naseem TI PHARMACOLOGY AND SYNTHESIS OF DAURICHROMENIC ACID AS A POTENT ANTI-HIV AGENT (vol 72, pg 1059, 2015) SO ACTA POLONIAE PHARMACEUTICA LA English DT Correction C1 [Ali, Iftikhar] Karakorum Int Univ, Dept Chem, Gilgit, Pakistan. NUST, CAS EN, Ctr Adv Studies Energy, USAID, Sect H-12 44 000, Islamabad, Pakistan. RP Ali, I (reprint author), Karakorum Int Univ, Dept Chem, Gilgit, Pakistan. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POLSKIE TOWARZYSTWO FARMACEUTYCZNE PI WARSAW PA DLUGA 16, 00-238 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0001-6837 J9 ACTA POL PHARM JI ACTA POL. PHARM. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 73 IS 1 BP 267 EP 267 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA EL1XB UT WOS:000394413600028 ER PT J AU Ruxrungtham, K Kerr, S Avihingsanon, A Phanuphak, N Ruxrungtham, P Phanuphak, P AF Ruxrungtham, Kiat Kerr, Stephen Avihingsanon, Anchalee Phanuphak, Nittaya Ruxrungtham, Pariya Phanuphak, Praphan TI Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Asia: an update SO ASIAN BIOMEDICINE LA English DT Review DE AIDS; Asia; HIV ID HIV OBSERVATIONAL DATABASE; TRANSMITTED DRUG-RESISTANCE; NON-INFERIORITY TRIAL; ADEQUATE PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS; COMBINATION ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; CARE CD4 ANALYZER; INFECTED CHILDREN; HEPATITIS-B; COINFECTED PATIENTS AB Prevalence estimates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Asia are diverse, ranging from <0.1% to 1.1%. In Asia, approximately 4.7 million people are living with HIV and 310,000 are newly infected each year. The fastest growth of the epidemic throughout Asia is among men who have sex with men (MSM). Drug resistance varies from 4%-5% in an Asian cohort to 10% in an acutely infected MSM cohort in Bangkok. A rise (4%-14%) in the prevalence of syphilis is associated with the HIV epidemic in Asia. Tuberculosis is among the most common coinfections; however, HIV testing of tuberculosis patients is not routine. Coinfection with HBV, HCV, and triple coinfection varies from 8.7%-11%, 5%-18%, and 0.4%-3% respectively. Although the World Health Organization 2013 guidelines to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) early are implemented, most patients present late, with low CD4 counts, resulting in a high mortality during the first year of ART. While integrase inhibitor-based treatments are preferred first-line treatments in high income countries, efavirenz-based treatments remain preferred treatments in resource-limited countries. HIV-1 viral load testing is not available in most of these countries, making low-cost point-of-care testing accessibility an urgent priority. Effective ART coverage to prevent new HIV infections among children in Asia remains low. To provide life-long ART for children, better use of current first-line regimens and access to pediatric second-line formulations are important. To end AIDS in Asia by 2030, committed policy with innovative strategies to enhance "reach, recruit, treat and retain" combined with effective prevention strategies are required. C1 [Ruxrungtham, Kiat; Avihingsanon, Anchalee] Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Med, Fac Med, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Ruxrungtham, Kiat; Kerr, Stephen; Avihingsanon, Anchalee; Phanuphak, Praphan] Thai Red Cross AIDS Res Ctr, HIV NAT, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Kerr, Stephen] Univ New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Phanuphak, Nittaya; Phanuphak, Praphan] Thai Red Cross AIDS Res Ctr, Prevent Dept, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Phanuphak, Nittaya; Phanuphak, Praphan] US Agcy Int Dev, Inform Asia, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Ruxrungtham, Pariya] Queen Savang Vadhana Mem Hosp, Thai Red Cross Soc, Chon Buri 20000, Thailand. RP Ruxrungtham, K (reprint author), Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Med, Fac Med, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. EM kiat.r@chula.ac.th FU Thailand Research Fund (TRF); Chulalongkorn Research Professor Program, Thailand FX KR is supported by a Senior Research Scholar grant from the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) and the Chulalongkorn Research Professor Program, Thailand. NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1905-7415 EI 1875-855X J9 ASIAN BIOMED JI Asian Biomed. PY 2016 VL 10 SU 1 BP S3 EP S14 DI 10.5372/1905-7415.1000.516 PG 12 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA EJ9VM UT WOS:000393575200002 ER PT B AU Pandya, AA Sparding, K AF Pandya, Amit A. Sparding, Kristin BE Raouf, MA Luomi, M TI Workers and the green economy in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries SO GREEN ECONOMY IN THE GULF SE Routledge Explorations in Environmental Studies LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Green Economy in the Gulf Region Workshop CY AUG 25-28, 2014 CL Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO Univ Cambridge C1 [Pandya, Amit A.] US Dept Labor, Int Labor Affairs Bureau, Washington, DC USA. [Pandya, Amit A.] US Dept Def, US House Representat, Washington, DC USA. [Pandya, Amit A.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Pandya, Amit A.] US Dept State, Washington, DC USA. [Sparding, Kristin] US Dept Labor, Off Int Relat, Int Labor Affairs Bureau, Washington, DC USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-315-68261-7; 978-1-138-92742-1 J9 ROUTL EXPL ENV STUD PY 2016 BP 183 EP 211 PG 29 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BG7NI UT WOS:000391512700009 ER PT J AU Freeman, CW Zogby, J Goldenberg, I Hyman, GF AF Freeman, Chas W., Jr. Zogby, James Goldenberg, Ilan Hyman, Gerald F. TI The Middle East and the Next Administration: Challenges, Opportunities and Recommendations SO MIDDLE EAST POLICY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Freeman, Chas W., Jr.] Projects Int Inc, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Freeman, Chas W., Jr.] US Assistant Secretary Def, Washington, DC USA. [Freeman, Chas W., Jr.] MEPC, Washington, DC USA. [Goldenberg, Ilan] Ctr New Amer Secur, Middle East Secur Program, Washington, DC USA. [Goldenberg, Ilan] Senate Foreign Relat Comm, Washington, DC USA. [Goldenberg, Ilan] Off Under Secretary Def Policy, Washington, DC USA. [Zogby, James] Arab Amer Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Zogby, James] US Commiss Int Religious Freedom, Washington, DC USA. [Hyman, Gerald F.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Freeman, CW (reprint author), Projects Int Inc, Washington, DC 20006 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-1924 EI 1475-4967 J9 MIDDLE EAST POLICY JI Middle East Policy PY 2016 VL 23 IS 4 BP 5 EP 41 DI 10.1111/mepo.12231 PG 37 WC Area Studies; International Relations SC Area Studies; International Relations GA EF9RV UT WOS:000390668500002 ER PT B AU Choi, Y AF Choi, Yoonjoung BE Pace, R HamChande, R TI Demographic Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for Demographic Dividend SO DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDENDS: EMERGING CHALLENGES AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS SE Demographic Transformation and Socio-Economic Development LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ASIA C1 [Choi, Yoonjoung] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Choi, Y (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM ychoi@usaid.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND BN 978-3-319-32709-9; 978-3-319-32707-5 J9 DEMOG TRANSFORM SOC PY 2016 VL 6 BP 61 EP 82 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-32709-9_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-32709-9 PG 22 WC Demography SC Demography GA BG3CX UT WOS:000387881700005 ER PT B AU Feuerherm, E Roumani, R AF Feuerherm, Emily Roumani, Russul BE Loring, A Ramanathan, V TI The Journey to US Citizenship: Interviews with Iraqi Refugees SO LANGUAGE, IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION: LEGAL AND LINGUISTIC ISSUES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIS-CITIZENSHIP; APPLIED LINGUISTICS; ASYLUM SEEKERS; LANGUAGE; IMMIGRANT; EDUCATION; CANADA C1 [Feuerherm, Emily] Univ Michigan, Linguist, Dept English, Flint, MI 48503 USA. [Roumani, Russul] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Roumani, Russul] Mesopotamian Assoc, Sacramento, CA USA. [Roumani, Russul] Opening Doors Inc, Sacramento, CA USA. [Roumani, Russul] Muslim Amer Soc Social Serv Fdn, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Feuerherm, E (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Linguist, Dept English, Flint, MI 48503 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MULTILINGUAL MATTERS LTD PI CLEVEDON PA FRANKFURT LODGE, CLEVEDON HALL, VICTORIA RD,, CLEVEDON BS21 7HH, AVON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-78309-514-8; 978-1-78309-516-2; 978-1-78309-515-5 PY 2016 BP 56 EP 75 PG 20 WC Linguistics; Political Science SC Linguistics; Government & Law GA BG2AB UT WOS:000387184300003 ER PT J AU Shahzad, M Lee, HS AF Shahzad, Muhammad Lee, Hee Soo TI Islamic Religious Organizations Across Borders: The Case of the Pakistani Migrant Muslim Community in Korea (South) SO JOURNAL OF MUSLIM MINORITY AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID SOCIETY; PARTICIPATION; IMMIGRATION; ADAPTATION AB With the formation of small migrant communities in foreign lands, some religious organizations migrate along with the migrants and play a part in shaping and reshaping the socio-religious experiences of respective migrants. This paper looks into how Islamic religious organizations have been established in South Korea; how the socio-religious experience of the Pakistani Muslim minority community in Korea is mediated by these organizations; and what is the impact of this mediation on the daily socio-religious lives of the migrants. Two Islamic religious organizations-Dawat-e-Islami and Minhaj-ul-Quran-have been discussed here which originated in Pakistan and have been working around the world including Korea. Using the conceptual framework of social capital, we elaborate on three stages for establishment and working of these religious institutions: deployment of social capital for initiation; reinforcement of social capital for establishment; and sustenance with social capital over a course of time. This paper proposes that these religious organizations are established by the migrant community because of the social capital created within, as opposed to any master plan from the respective parent organizations in the country of origin. Further, these organizations become connected to mainstream organizations as a result of community efforts. C1 [Shahzad, Muhammad] UNDP, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Shahzad, Muhammad] USAID, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Lee, Hee Soo] Korea Inst Islamic Culture, Seoul, South Korea. [Lee, Hee Soo] Korean Assoc Middle East Studies, Seoul, South Korea. RP Shahzad, M (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Seoul, South Korea. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2004 EI 1469-9591 J9 J MUSLIM MINOR AFF JI J. Muslim Minor. Aff. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 2 BP 294 EP 309 DI 10.1080/13602004.2016.1186428 PG 16 WC Religion SC Religion GA DX2TJ UT WOS:000384223400008 ER PT J AU Whiting, S Dalipanda, T Postma, S de Lorenzo, AJ Aumua, A AF Whiting, Stephen Dalipanda, Tenneth Postma, Sjoerd de Lorenzo, Ayesha Jamshaid Aumua, Audrey TI Moving towards Universal Health Coverage through the Development of Integrated Service Delivery Packages for Primary Health Care in the Solomon Islands SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTEGRATED CARE LA English DT Article DE integrated primary care; Universal Health Coverage; Solomon Islands; primary healthcare policy AB The Solomon Islands Government is pursuing integrated care with the goal of improving the quality of health service delivery to rural populations. Under the auspices of Universal Health Coverage, integrated service delivery packages were developed which defined the clinical and public health services that should be provided at different levels of the health system. The process of developing integrated service delivery packages helped to identify key policy decisions the government needed to make in order to improve service quality and efficiency. The integrated service delivery packages have instigated the revision of job descriptions and are feeding into the development of a human resource plan for health. They are also being used to guide infrastructure development and health system planning and should lead to better management of resources. The integrated service delivery packages have become a key tool to operationalise the government's policy to move towards a more efficient, equitable, quality and sustainable health system. C1 [Whiting, Stephen] WHO, Hlth Serv Delivery, Geneva, Switzerland. [Dalipanda, Tenneth] Solomon Isl Minist Hlth & Med Serv, Honiara, Solomon Islands. [Postma, Sjoerd] USAID, Collaborat Support Hlth Program, Party, Monrovia, Liberia. [Postma, Sjoerd] Management Sci Hlth, Monrovia, Liberia. [de Lorenzo, Ayesha Jamshaid] WHO Western Pacific Reg Off, Hlth Syst, Manila, Philippines. [Aumua, Audrey] WHO Representat Solomon Isl, Honiara, Solomon Islands. RP Dalipanda, T (reprint author), Solomon Isl Minist Hlth & Med Serv, Honiara, Solomon Islands. EM tdalipanda@moh.gov.sb NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IGITUR, UTRECHT PUBLISHING & ARCHIVING SERVICES PI URTRECHT PA POSTBUS 80124, URTRECHT, 3508 TC, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-4156 J9 INT J INTEGR CARE JI Int. J. Integr. Care PD JAN-MAR PY 2016 VL 16 DI 10.5334/ijic.2447 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA DR9IF UT WOS:000380209600012 ER PT J AU Gana, C Oladele, E Saleh, M Makanjuola, O Gimba, D Magaji, D Odusote, T Khamofu, H Torpey, K AF Gana, Catherine Oladele, Edward Saleh, Mariya Makanjuola, Osagbemi Gimba, Diana Magaji, Doreen Odusote, Temitayo Khamofu, Hadiza Torpey, Kwasi TI Challenges faced by caregivers of vulnerable children in Cross River State and Abuja Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria SO VULNERABLE CHILDREN AND YOUTH STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Orphans; vulnerable; children; HIV/AIDS; Caregivers ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; ORPHAN CARE AB This study describes the characteristics of caregivers, examines the relationships between caregivers and their children and analyzes the experiences and challenges of caring for orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) faced by caregivers in the community. Using a combination of questionnaire, informant interviews and focus group discussions, data were collected from 150 female and male caregivers in Cross Rivers State and the Federal Capital Territory selected through convenient sampling. Careful analysis of the data revealed that majority of the caregivers were women, mostly widows caring for about 3-6 children. They were largely married with primary or no formal education. Most of them were engaged in petty trading and farming. Their incomes were generally low, less than 10,000 naira (approximately 52 dollars) per annum. Challenges of caring for children were listed to include; lack of access to education, nutrition, inadequate clothing and shelter and lack of psychosocial support in that order. Family supports to these caregivers have either dwindled considerably or non-existent. In the words of these caregivers, our relatives have their own problems in this era of economic crisis to bother about the problems of other people. A few of the organized supports came from non-governmental organizations and faith-based organizations in the form of handouts to meet needs of food and school supplies. These do not address the root cause of caregivers' problems of lack of skills and income generation for sustainable care. The study recommends empowering caregivers as a sustainable approach to the problem of vulnerable children in the community. C1 [Gana, Catherine; Oladele, Edward; Saleh, Mariya; Khamofu, Hadiza; Torpey, Kwasi] Family Hlth Int FHI360, Prevent Care & Treatment Dept, Abuja, Nigeria. [Makanjuola, Osagbemi] Fed Univ Lokoja, Dept Geog, Lokoja, Nigeria. [Gimba, Diana] RA AH Inst Dev, Abuja, Nigeria. [Magaji, Doreen; Odusote, Temitayo] USAID, TB HIV Dept, Abuja, Nigeria. RP Gana, C (reprint author), Family Hlth Int FHI360, Prevent Care & Treatment Dept, Abuja, Nigeria. EM cgana@ng.fhi360.org NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1745-0128 EI 1745-0136 J9 Vulnerable Child You JI Vulnerable Child. Youth Stud. PY 2016 VL 11 IS 1 BP 24 EP 32 DI 10.1080/17450128.2016.1151094 PG 9 WC Family Studies SC Family Studies GA DM3LU UT WOS:000376248700003 ER PT J AU Kaale, E Hope, SM Jenkins, D Layloff, T AF Kaale, Eliangiringa Hope, Samuel M. Jenkins, David Layloff, Thomas TI Implementation of 350-2500 nm diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography to rapidly assess manufacturing consistency and quality of cotrimoxazole tablets in Tanzania SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE High-Performance Liquid Chromatography; High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography; near-infrared; USAID; Partnership for Supply Chain Management; Supply Chain Management System ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; MAHALANOBIS DISTANCE; CALIBRATION MODEL; IDENTIFICATION; NIR; PHARMACEUTICALS; VALIDATION; SPECTRA AB OBJECTIVE To assess the quality of cotrimoxazole tablets produced by a Tanzanian manufacturer by a newly instituted quality assurance programme. METHODS Tablets underwent a diffuse reflectance spectroscopy procedure with periodic quality assessment confirmation by assay and dissolution testing using validated HPTLC techniques (including weight variation and disintegration evaluations). RESULTS Based on results from the primary test methods, the first group of product was <80% compliant, whereas subsequent groups reached >99% compliance. CONCLUSIONS This approach provides a model for rapidly assuring product quality of future procurements of other products that is more cost-effective than traditional pharmaceutical testing techniques. C1 [Kaale, Eliangiringa] Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Pharm R&D Lab, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Hope, Samuel M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Jenkins, David] FHI 360, Prod Qual & Compliance, 2810 Meridian Pkwy,Suite 160, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Layloff, Thomas] Supply Chain Management Syst, Arlington, VA USA. RP Jenkins, D (reprint author), FHI 360, Prod Qual & Compliance, 2810 Meridian Pkwy,Suite 160, Durham, NC 27713 USA. EM djenkins@fhi360.org FU USAID through the Preventative Technologies Agreement FX This work was funded by USAID through the Preventative Technologies Agreement. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2276 EI 1365-3156 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JAN PY 2016 VL 21 IS 1 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1111/tmi.12621 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA DD5FX UT WOS:000369949200007 ER PT J AU Cavanaugh, JS Kurbatova, E Alami, NN Mangan, J Sultana, Z Ahmed, S Begum, V Sultana, S Daru, P Ershova, J Golubkov, A Banu, S Heffelfinger, JD AF Cavanaugh, Joseph S. Kurbatova, Ekaterina Alami, Negar N. Mangan, Joan Sultana, Zinia Ahmed, Shahriar Begum, Vikarunessa Sultana, Sabera Daru, Paul Ershova, Julia Golubkov, Alexander Banu, Sayera Heffelfinger, James D. TI Evaluation of community-based treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis in Bangladesh SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Tuberculosis drug-resistance community treatment Bangladesh ID MDR-TB TREATMENT AB OBJECTIVE Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) threatens global TB control because it is difficult to diagnose and treat. Community-based programmatic management of drug-resistant TB (cPMDT) has made therapy easier for patients, but data on these models are scarce. Bangladesh initiated cPMDT in 2012, and in 2013, we sought to evaluate programme performance. METHODS In this retrospective review, we abstracted demographic, clinical, microbiologic and treatment outcome data for all patients enrolled in the cPMDT programme over 6 months in three districts of Bangladesh. We interviewed a convenience sample of patients about their experience in the programme. RESULTS Chart review was performed on 77 patients. Sputum smears and cultures were performed, on average, once every 1.35 and 1.36 months, respectively. Among 74 initially culture-positive patients, 70 (95%) converted their cultures and 69 (93%) patients converted the cultures before the sixth month. Fifty-two (68%) patients had evidence of screening for adverse events. We found written documentation of musculoskeletal complaints for 16 (21%) patients, gastrointestinal adverse events for 16 (21%), hearing loss for eight (10%) and psychiatric events for four (5%) patients; conversely, on interview of 60 patients, 55 (92%) reported musculoskeletal complaints, 54 (90%) reported nausea, 36 (60%) reported hearing loss, and 36 (60%) reported psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS The cPMDT programme in Bangladesh appears to be programmatically feasible and clinically effective; however, inadequate monitoring of adverse events raises some concern. As the programme is brought to scale nationwide, renewed efforts at monitoring adverse events should be prioritised. C1 [Cavanaugh, Joseph S.; Kurbatova, Ekaterina; Alami, Negar N.; Mangan, Joan; Ershova, Julia; Heffelfinger, James D.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sultana, Zinia; Ahmed, Shahriar; Banu, Sayera] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Begum, Vikarunessa; Sultana, Sabera] WHO, Bangladesh Country Off, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Daru, Paul] Univ Res Co, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Golubkov, Alexander] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Cavanaugh, JS (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hgi7@cdc.gov OI Ahmed, Shahriar/0000-0002-8833-4130 FU US CDC using USAID funds FX We thank the patients being treated for MDR TB in Bangladesh, and the providers and clinicians caring for them. The findings and conclusions presented in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or of the US Agency for International Develeopment (USAID). This was a collaborative study by the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases, Bangladesh, US CDC, the University Research Company and WHO Bangladesh. Funding was provided by the US CDC using USAID funds. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2276 EI 1365-3156 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JAN PY 2016 VL 21 IS 1 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1111/tmi.12625 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA DD5FX UT WOS:000369949200015 PM 26489698 ER PT J AU Waite, AM Beckley, LE Guidi, L Landrum, JP Holliday, D Montoya, J Paterson, H Feng, M Thompson, PA Raes, EJ AF Waite, Anya M. Beckley, Lynnath E. Guidi, Lionel Landrum, Jason P. Holliday, David Montoya, Joseph Paterson, Harriet Feng, Ming Thompson, Peter A. Raes, Eric J. TI Cross-shelf transport, oxygen depletion, and nitrate release within a forming mesoscale eddy in the eastern Indian Ocean SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LARVAL FISH ASSEMBLAGES; COUNTER-ROTATING EDDIES; LEEUWIN CURRENT SYSTEM; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; RECRUITMENT; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; PHYTOPLANKTON; ZOOPLANKTON AB Mesoscale eddies may drive a significant component of cross-shelf transport important in the ecology of shelf ecosystems and adjacent boundary currents. The Leeuwin Current in the eastern Indian Ocean becomes unstable in the austral autumn triggering the formation of eddies. We hypothesized that eddy formation represented the major driver of cross-shelf transport during the autumn. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler profiles confirmed periodic offshore movement of similar to 2 Sv of shelf waters into the forming eddy from the shelf, carrying a load of organic particles (>0.06 mm). The gap between inflow and outflow then closed, such that the eddy became isolated from further direct input of shelf waters. Drifter tracks supported an anticyclonic surface flow peaking at the eddy perimeter and decreasing in velocity at the eddy center. Oxygen and nutrient profiles suggested rapid remineralization of nitrate mid-depth in the isolated water mass as it rotated, with a total drawdown of oxygen of 3.6 mol m(-2) to 350 m. Depletion of oxygen, and release of nitrate, occurred on the timescale of similar to 1 week. We suggest that N supply and N turnover are rapid in this system, such that nitrate is acting primarily as a regenerated nutrient rather than as a source of new nitrogen. We hypothesize that sources of eddy particulate C and N could include particles sourced from coastal primary producers within similar to 500 km such as macrophytes and seagrasses known to produce copious detritus, which is prone to resuspension and offshore transport. C1 [Waite, Anya M.; Paterson, Harriet; Raes, Eric J.] Univ Western Australia, Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA, Australia. [Waite, Anya M.; Paterson, Harriet; Raes, Eric J.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Civil Environm & Min Engn, Crawley, WA, Australia. [Beckley, Lynnath E.; Holliday, David] Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Life Sci, Environm & Conservat Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Guidi, Lionel] Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Oceanog Villefranche,Observ Oceanol, Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Guidi, Lionel] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Landrum, Jason P.; Montoya, Joseph] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Landrum, Jason P.] US Agcy Int Dev, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Paterson, Harriet] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Excellence Nat Resource Management, Albany, WA, Australia. [Feng, Ming] CSIRO, Ctr Environm & Life Sci, Floreat, WA, Australia. [Thompson, Peter A.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Waite, AM (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA, Australia. EM anya.waite@awi.de RI Waite, Anya/A-5492-2015; Guidi, Lionel/B-3977-2012; Feng, Ming/F-5411-2010 OI Waite, Anya/0000-0003-2965-0296; Guidi, Lionel/0000-0002-6669-5744; Feng, Ming/0000-0002-2855-7092 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 61 IS 1 BP 103 EP 121 DI 10.1002/lno.10218 PG 19 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DA7KU UT WOS:000367983800008 ER PT J AU Schelar, E Polis, CB Essam, T Looker, KJ Bruni, L Chrisman, CJ Manning, J AF Schelar, Erin Polis, Chelsea B. Essam, Timothy Looker, Katharine J. Bruni, Laia Chrisman, Cara J. Manning, Judy TI Multipurpose prevention technologies for sexual and reproductive health: mapping global needs for introduction of new preventive products SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE Multipurpose prevention technologies; Unintended pregnancy; HIV; HSV-2; HPV ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; PREVALENCE; WORLDWIDE; TRENDS; CONDOM; WOMEN AB Objectives: Worldwide, Women face sexual and reproductive health (SRH) risks including unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. Multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) combine protection against two or more SRH risks into one product. Male and female condoms are the only currently available MPT products, but several other forms of MPTs are in development We examined the global distribution of selected SRH issues to determine where various risks have the greatest geographical overlap. Study design: We examined four indicators relevant to MPTs in development: HIV prevalence, herpes simplex virus type 2 prevalence (HSV-2), human papillomavirus prevalence (HPV) and the proportion of women with unmet need for modern contraception. Using ArcGIS Desktop, we mapped these indicators individually and in combination on choropleth and graduated symbol maps. We conducted a principal components analysis to reduce data and enable visual mapping of all four indicators on one graphic to identify overlap. Results: Our findings document the greatest overlapping risks in Sub-Saharan Africa, and we specify countries in greatest need by specific MPT indication. Conclusions: These results can inform strategic planning for MPT introduction, market segmentation and demand generation; data limitations also highlight the need for improved (non-HIV) STI surveillance globally. Implications: MPTs are products in development with the potential to empower women to prevent two or more SRH risks. Geographic analysis of overlapping SRH risks demonstrates particularly high need in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study can help to inform strategic planning for MPT introduction, market segmentation and demand generation. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Schelar, Erin; Chrisman, Cara J.; Manning, Judy] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Polis, Chelsea B.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Essam, Timothy] US Agcy Int Dev, Ctr Data Anal & Res, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Looker, Katharine J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Social & Community Med, Bristol BS8 2BN, Avon, England. [Bruni, Laia] Catalan Inst Oncol, Lhospitalet De Llobregat 08908, Barcelona, Spain. RP Schelar, E (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, CP3-11090A,1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM erin.schelar@gmail.com FU National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit; World Health Organization FX The United States Agency for International Development contributed staff time for work on this analysis. KJL was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions and Sexual Health 24 during this study and received funding from the World Health Organization to conduct the review of herpes simplex virus type 2 seroprevalence that informs the study. KJL's funders had no role in the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit it for publication. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD JAN PY 2016 VL 93 IS 1 BP 32 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.09.002 PG 12 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA CZ9HV UT WOS:000367409600006 PM 26385588 ER PT J AU Bump, J Cashin, C Chalkidou, K Evans, D Gonzalez-Pier, E Guo, Y Holtz, J Htay, DTT Levin, C Marten, R Mensah, S Pablos-Mendez, A Rannan-Eliya, R Sabignoso, M Saxenian, H Feachem, NS Soucat, A Tangcharoensathien, V Wang, H Woldemariam, AT Yamey, G AF Bump, Jesse Cashin, Cheryl Chalkidou, Kalipso Evans, David Gonzalez-Pier, Eduardo Guo, Yan Holtz, Jeanna Htay, Daw Thein Thein Levin, Carol Marten, Robert Mensah, Sylvester Pablos-Mendez, Ariel Rannan-Eliya, Ravindra Sabignoso, Martin Saxenian, Helen Feachem, Neelam Sekhri Soucat, Agnes Tangcharoensathien, Viroj Wang, Hong Woldemariam, Addis Tamire Yamey, Gavin CA Bellagio Workshop Implementing TI Implementing pro-poor universal health coverage SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bellagio Workshop Implementing] Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Bump, Jesse] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cashin, Cheryl] Results Dev Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Cashin, Cheryl] Joint Learning Network, Washington, DC USA. [Chalkidou, Kalipso] NICE Int, Nice, France. [Evans, David] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Basel, Switzerland. [Gonzalez-Pier, Eduardo] Minist Hlth, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Guo, Yan] Peking Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Holtz, Jeanna] ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Htay, Daw Thein Thein] Minist Hlth, Naypyidaw, Myanmar. [Levin, Carol] Dis Control Prior Network, New York, NY USA. [Marten, Robert] Rockefeller Fdn, New York, NY USA. [Mensah, Sylvester] Off President, Accra, Ghana. [Pablos-Mendez, Ariel] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Rannan-Eliya, Ravindra] Inst Hlth Policy, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Sabignoso, Martin] Plan Nacer & Programa SUMAR, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Feachem, Neelam Sekhri] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Soucat, Agnes] WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. [Tangcharoensathien, Viroj] Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. [Wang, Hong] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, New York, NY USA. [Woldemariam, Addis Tamire] Minist Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Yamey, Gavin] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Yamey, G (reprint author), Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM gavin.yamey@duke.edu OI Bump, Jesse/0000-0003-1014-0456 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2214-109X J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH JI Lancet Glob. Health PD JAN PY 2016 VL 4 IS 1 BP E14 EP E16 DI 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00274-0 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CZ3MN UT WOS:000367008300008 ER PT B AU Gershberg, A AF Gershberg, Alec BE Frank, J MartinezVazquez, J TI Educational infrastructure, school construction, and decentralization in developing countries Key issues for an understudied area SO DECENTRALIZATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: FROM GAPS TO SOLUTIONS SE Routledge Studies in the Modern World Economy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gershberg, Alec] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Gershberg, Alec] Interamer Dev Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Gershberg, Alec] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Gershberg, Alec] Urban Inst, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Gershberg, Alec] Natl Bur Econ Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gershberg, A (reprint author), Natl Bur Econ Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-315-69410-8; 978-1-138-90920-5 J9 ROUTL STUD MOD WORLD PY 2016 VL 143 BP 249 EP 278 PG 30 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BD8JT UT WOS:000364009100009 ER PT B AU Shah, A AF Shah, Anwar BE Frank, J MartinezVazquez, J TI Decentralized provision of public infrastructure and corruption SO DECENTRALIZATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: FROM GAPS TO SOLUTIONS SE Routledge Studies in the Modern World Economy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Shah, Anwar] Ctr Publ Econ, Chengdu, Peoples R China. [Shah, Anwar] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Shah, Anwar] Asian Dev Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Shah, Anwar] World Bank Inst, Governance Program, Washington, DC USA. [Shah, Anwar] Govt Canada, Minist Finance, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Shah, Anwar] Govt Alberta, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Shah, Anwar] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Shah, Anwar] UN Intergovt Panel Climate Change, Washington, DC USA. RP Shah, A (reprint author), Ctr Publ Econ, Chengdu, Peoples R China. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-315-69410-8; 978-1-138-90920-5 J9 ROUTL STUD MOD WORLD PY 2016 VL 143 BP 418 EP 454 PG 37 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BD8JT UT WOS:000364009100015 ER PT J AU Awad, SF Sgaier, SK Tambatamba, BC Mohamoud, YA Lau, FK Reed, JB Njeuhmeli, E Abu-Raddad, LJ AF Awad, Susanne F. Sgaier, Sema K. Tambatamba, Bushimbwa C. Mohamoud, Yousra A. Lau, Fiona K. Reed, Jason B. Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Abu-Raddad, Laith J. TI Investigating Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Program Efficiency Gains through Subpopulation Prioritization: Insights from Application to Zambia SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HIV TRANSMISSION; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SEXUAL PARTNERSHIPS; IMPACT; RISK; MEN; PREVENTION; INFECTION AB Background Countries in sub-Saharan Africa are scaling-up voluntary male medical circumcision (VMMC) as an HIV intervention. Emerging challenges in these programs call for increased focus on program efficiency (optimizing program impact while minimizing cost). A novel analytic approach was developed to determine how subpopulation prioritization can increase program efficiency using an illustrative application for Zambia. Methods and Findings A population-level mathematical model was constructed describing the heterosexual HIV epidemic and impact of VMMC programs (age-structured mathematical (ASM) model). The model stratified the population according to sex, circumcision status, age group, sexual-risk behavior, HIV status, and stage of infection. A three-level conceptual framework was also developed to determine maximum epidemic impact and program efficiency through subpopulation prioritization, based on age, geography, and risk profile. In the baseline scenario, achieving 80% VMMC coverage by 2017 among males 15-49 year old, 12 VMMCs were needed per HIV infection averted (effectiveness). The cost per infection averted (cost-effectiveness) was USD $1,089 and 306,000 infections were averted. Through age-group prioritization, effectiveness ranged from 11 (20-24 age-group) to 36 (45-49 age-group); cost-effectiveness ranged from $888 (20-24 age-group) to $3,300 (45-49 age-group). Circumcising 10-14, 15-19, or 20-24 year old achieved the largest incidence rate reduction; prioritizing 15-24, 15-29, or 15-34 year old achieved the greatest program efficiency. Through geographic prioritization, effectiveness ranged from 9-12. Prioritizing Lusaka achieved the highest effectiveness. Through risk-group prioritization, prioritizing the highest risk group achieved the highest effectiveness, with only one VMMC needed per infection averted; the lowest risk group required 80 times more VMMCs. Conclusion Epidemic impact and efficiency of VMMC programs can be improved by prioritizing young males (sexually active or just before sexual debut), geographic areas with higher HIV prevalence than the national, and high sexual-risk groups. C1 [Awad, Susanne F.; Mohamoud, Yousra A.; Abu-Raddad, Laith J.] Cornell Univ, Qatar Fdn, Weill Cornell Med Coll Qatar, Infect Dis Epidemiol Grp, Doha, Qatar. [Sgaier, Sema K.; Lau, Fiona K.] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Global Dev Program, Integrated Delivery, Seattle, WA USA. [Sgaier, Sema K.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Tambatamba, Bushimbwa C.] Minist Community Dev & Mother & Child Hlth, Lusaka, Zambia. [Reed, Jason B.] Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Abu-Raddad, Laith J.] Cornell Univ, Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Healthcare Policy & Res, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Abu-Raddad, Laith J.] Hamad bin Khalifa Univ, Qatar Fdn, Coll Publ Hlth, Doha, Qatar. RP Abu-Raddad, LJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Qatar Fdn, Weill Cornell Med Coll Qatar, Infect Dis Epidemiol Grp, Doha, Qatar. EM lja2002@qatar-med.cornell.edu OI Abu-Raddad, Laith/0000-0003-0790-0506 FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX This publication is based on research funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 30 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0145729 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0145729 PG 25 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DA0TN UT WOS:000367510500063 PM 26716442 ER PT J AU Birhanu, Z Abebe, L Sudhakar, M Dissanayake, G Yihdego, Y Alemayehu, G Yewhalaw, D AF Birhanu, Zewdie Abebe, Lakew Sudhakar, Morankar Dissanayake, Gunawardena Yihdego, Yemane Alemayehu, Guda Yewhalaw, Delenasaw TI Access to and use gaps of insecticide-treated nets among communities in Jimma Zone, southwestern Ethiopia: baseline results from malaria education interventions SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Long lasting insecticide treated net; LLIN ownership; LLIN use; LLIN access; Behavioral change communication; Malaria; Ethiopia ID WESTERN KENYA; MOSQUITO NETS; UNIVERSAL COVERAGE; BED NETS; OWNERSHIP; CAMPAIGN; POPULATIONS; GUINEA; IMPACT; USAGE AB Background: Malaria remains one of the major public health concerns in Ethiopia. Use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is the country's key malaria prevention and control strategy. This study intended to determine access to and usage gap of LLINs in malaria endemic settings in Southwestern Ethiopia. Methods: Data were collected from 798 households in three districts (Mana, Kersa and Goma) of Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia, from December 2013 to January 2014. The data were analyzed using SPSS software package version 17.0. LLINs ownership, access and utilization gap were determined following the procedure developed by Survey and Indicator Task Force of the Roll Back Malaria Monitoring and Evaluation Reference Group. To complement the quantitative data, focus group discussions and interviews were conducted with community groups and key informants. Results: In this study, 70.9 % (95 % CI: 67.8-74.1 %) of the surveyed households had at least one LLIN, and 63.0 % (95 % CI: 59.6-66.3 %) had sufficient LLINs for every member of the household. With respect to access, 51.9 % (95 % CI: 50.5-53.5 %) of the population had access to LLIN. Only, 38.4 % (95 % CI: 36.9-39.9 %) had slept under LLIN the previous night with females and children having priority to sleep under LLIN. This gave an overall use to access ratio of 70.2 % which resulted in behavior-driven failure of 29.8 %. Of the households with sufficient LLIN access, females (AOR = 1.52; 95 % CI: 1.25-1.83; P = 0.001) and children aged 0-4 years (AOR = 2.28; 95 % CI: 1.47-3.53; P = 0.001) were more likely to use LLINs than other household members. Shape of nets, sleeping arrangements, low risk perception, saving nets for future use, awareness and negligence, and perception of low efficacy of the LLINs contributed to behavioral failures. Conclusions: LLIN use was hampered by lack of ownership and most importantly by behavioral driven gaps. This calls for designing and implementing appropriate behavioral change communication strategies to address behavioral failure. Improving access to LLINs also needs attention. Further, it requires moving beyond the traditional messaging approach for evidence based intervention to address specific needs and gaps. C1 [Birhanu, Zewdie; Abebe, Lakew; Sudhakar, Morankar] Jimma Univ, Dept Hlth Educ & Behav Sci, Jimma, Ethiopia. [Dissanayake, Gunawardena; Alemayehu, Guda] US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Initiat, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Yihdego, Yemane] Abt Associates African Indoor Residual Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Yewhalaw, Delenasaw] Jimma Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Jimma, Ethiopia. RP Birhanu, Z (reprint author), Jimma Univ, Dept Hlth Educ & Behav Sci, Jimma, Ethiopia. EM zbkoricha@yahoo.com FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID)-Ethiopia FX This study received financial support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)-Ethiopia. The authors appreciate the study participants for their cooperation in providing the necessary information. We acknowledge Jimma University, local administrators, and the community for their strong support during the survey. We would like to extend our sincere thanks to Dr kefelegn Getahun who helped us in developing map of the study area. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD DEC 29 PY 2015 VL 15 AR 1304 DI 10.1186/s12889-015-2677-2 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CZ8AU UT WOS:000367323100001 PM 26712366 ER PT J AU Andrews, KG Lynch, M Eckert, E Gutman, J AF Andrews, Kathryn G. Lynch, Michael Eckert, Erin Gutman, Julie TI Missed opportunities to deliver intermittent preventive treatment for malaria to pregnant women 2003-2013: a systematic analysis of 58 household surveys in sub-Saharan Africa SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NEONATAL-MORTALITY; IPTP; METAANALYSIS; BARRIERS; COVERAGE AB Background: Despite the availability of effective preventive measures, including intermittent preventive treatment for malaria during pregnancy (IPTp), malaria continues to cause substantial disease burden among pregnant women in malaria-endemic areas. IPTp coverage remains low, despite high antenatal care (ANC) attendance. To highlight areas of potential improvement, trends in IPTp coverage were assessed over time, missed opportunities to deliver IPTp at ANC were quantified, and delivery of IPTp was compared to that of tetanus toxoid (TT). Methods: Data from 58 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2003 and 2013 in 31 sub-Saharan African countries, with relevant questions on IPTp, ANC and TT were used to assess ANC attendance, and IPTp and TT delivery. A missed opportunity for IPTp delivery is an ANC visit at which IPTp could have been delivered according to policy but was not. Results: The proportion of pregnant women who received >= 2 doses of IPTp increased in surveyed countries from nearly zero before to a median of 29.6 % (IQR 20.1-42.5 %) seven or more years after IPTp policy adoption. ANC attendance was high (median 76.6 % reported >= 3 visits); however, even seven or more years post policy adoption, a median of 72.9 % (IQR 58.4-79.5 %) ANC visits were missed opportunities to deliver IPTp. Among primigravid women, a median of 61.5 % (IQR 50.9-72.9 %) received two doses of TT; delivery of recommended TT exceeded IPTp in all but one surveyed country. Conclusions: IPTp coverage measured by household surveys is unsatisfactorily low, even many years after policy adoption. The many missed opportunities to deliver IPTp suggest that deficiencies in delivery at ANC are a significant contributing factor to the low coverage levels. High levels of TT delivery indicate capacity to deliver preventive measures at ANC. Further research is required to determine the factors driving the discrepancies between IPTp and TT coverage, and how these may be addressed to improve IPTp coverage. C1 [Andrews, Kathryn G.] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lynch, Michael; Gutman, Julie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lynch, Michael] WHO, Global Malaria Programme, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Eckert, Erin] USAID, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC USA. RP Andrews, KG (reprint author), Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kathryn.andrews@mail.harvard.edu; fff2@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD DEC 23 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 521 DI 10.1186/s12936-015-1033-4 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CZ5MX UT WOS:000367147800003 PM 26701641 ER PT J AU Alemayehu, G Melaku, Z Abreha, T Alemayehu, B Girma, S Tadesse, Y Gadisa, T Lulseged, S Balcha, TT Hoos, D Teka, H Reithinger, R AF Alemayehu, Guda Melaku, Zenebe Abreha, Tesfay Alemayehu, Bereket Girma, Samuel Tadesse, Yehualashet Gadisa, Tsigereda Lulseged, Sileshi Balcha, Taye Tolera Hoos, David Teka, Hiwot Reithinger, Richard TI Burden of malaria among adult patients attending general medical outpatient department and HIV care and treatment clinics in Oromia, Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Comparative cross-sectional study; Ethiopia; Oromia; HIV; Malaria; Prevalence ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ENDEMIC AREA; SOUTH-AFRICA; PREVALENCE; COINFECTION; INFECTION; COHORT; INDIVIDUALS; PARASITEMIA AB Background: Malaria and HIV/AIDS constitute major public health problems in Ethiopia, but the burden associated with malaria-HIV co-infection has not been well documented. In this study, the burden of malaria among HIV positive and HIV negative adult outpatients attending health facilities in Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia was investigated. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study among HIV-positive patients having routine follow-up visits at HIV care and treatment clinics and HIV-seronegative patients attending the general medical outpatient departments in 12 health facilities during the peak malaria transmission season was conducted from September to November, 2011. A total of 3638 patients (1819 from each group) were enrolled in the study. Provider initiated testing and counseling of HIV was performed for 1831 medical outpatients out of whom 1819 were negative and enrolled into the study. Malaria blood microscopy and hemoglobin testing were performed for all 3638 patients. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi square test and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Of the 3638 patients enrolled in the study, malaria parasitaemia was detected in 156 (4.3 %); malaria parasitaemia prevalence was 0.7 % (13/1819) among HIV-seropositive patients and 7.9 % (143/1819) among HIV-seronegative patients. Among HIV-seropositive individuals 65.4 % slept under a mosquito bed net the night before data collection, compared to 59.4 % of HIV-seronegative individuals. A significantly higher proportion of HIV-seropositive malaria-negative patients were on co-trimoxazole (CTX) prophylaxis as compared to HIV-malaria co-infected patients: 82 % (1481/1806) versus 46 % (6/13) (P = 0.001). HIV and malaria co-infected patients were less likely to have the classical symptoms of malaria (fever, chills and headache) compared to the HIV-seronegative and malaria positive counterparts. Multivariate logistic regression showed that HIV-seropositive patients who come for routine follow up were less likely to be infected by malaria (OR = 0.23, 95 % CI = 0.09-0.74). Conclusion: The study documented lower malaria prevalence among the HIV-seropositive attendants who come for routine follow up. Clinical symptoms of malaria were more pronounced among HIV-seronegative than HIV-seropositive patients. This study also re-affirmed the importance of co-trimoxazole in preventing malaria symptoms and parasitaemia among HIV-positive patients. C1 [Alemayehu, Guda; Teka, Hiwot] USAID, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Melaku, Zenebe; Abreha, Tesfay; Girma, Samuel; Tadesse, Yehualashet; Gadisa, Tsigereda; Lulseged, Sileshi] Columbia Univ ICAP, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Alemayehu, Bereket; Hoos, David] Columbia Univ ICAP, New York, NY USA. [Balcha, Taye Tolera] Oromia Reg Hlth Bur, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Balcha, Taye Tolera] Fed Minist Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Reithinger, Richard] RTI Int, Washington, DC USA. RP Alemayehu, G (reprint author), USAID, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM gudalem@gmail.com FU U.S. Agency for International Development [663-A-00-08-00433-00] FX We are grateful for the support of Oromia Regional Health Bureau and management of health facilities involved in this study. We are thankful to Dr. Joseph Malone for reviewing study protocol and manuscript. We also thank Mr. Matt Lamb for helping with data analysis. The work described herein has been supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through the U.S. Agency for International Development under the Malaria Laboratory Diagnostic Monitoring Project (Cooperative Agreement: 663-A-00-08-00433-00). The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and may not reflect the position of their employing organizations nor of their work's sources of funding. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 501 DI 10.1186/s12936-015-1029-0 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CZ5MK UT WOS:000367146500001 PM 26671012 ER PT J AU Makadzange, AT Higgins-Biddle, M Chimukangara, B Birri, R Gordon, M Mahlanza, T McHugh, G van Dijk, JH Bwakura-Dangarembizi, M Ndung'u, T Masimirembwa, C Phelps, B Amzel, A Ojikutu, BO Walker, BD Ndhlovu, CE AF Makadzange, A. T. Higgins-Biddle, M. Chimukangara, B. Birri, R. Gordon, M. Mahlanza, T. McHugh, G. van Dijk, J. H. Bwakura-Dangarembizi, M. Ndung'u, T. Masimirembwa, C. Phelps, B. Amzel, A. Ojikutu, B. O. Walker, B. D. Ndhlovu, C. E. TI Clinical, Virologic, Immunologic Outcomes and Emerging HIV Drug Resistance Patterns in Children and Adolescents in Public ART Care in Zimbabwe SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; INFECTED CHILDREN; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; HIV-1-INFECTED CHILDREN; CD4; CHALLENGES; ADHERENCE; RESPONSES AB Objective To determine immunologic, virologic outcomes and drug resistance among children and adolescents receiving care during routine programmatic implementation in a low-income country. Methods A cross-sectional evaluation with collection of clinical and laboratory data for children (0-<10 years) and adolescents (10-19 years) attending a public ART program in Harare providing care for pediatric patients since 2004, was conducted. Longitudinal data for each participant was obtained from the clinic based medical record. Results Data from 599 children and adolescents was evaluated. The participants presented to care with low CD4 cell count and CD4%, median baseline CD4% was lower in adolescents compared with children (11.0% vs. 15.0%, p<0.0001). The median age at ART initiation was 8.0 years (IQR 3.0, 12.0); median time on ART was 2.9 years (IQR 1.7, 4.5). On ART, median CD4% improved for all age groups but remained below 25%. Older age (>= 5 years) at ART initiation was associated with severe stunting (HAZ <-2: 53.3% vs. 28.4%, p<0.0001). Virologic failure rate was 30.6% and associated with age at ART initiation. In children, nevira-pine based ART regimen was associated with a 3-fold increased risk of failure (AOR: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.3, 9.1, p = 0.0180). Children (<10y) on ART for >= 4 years had higher failure rates than those on ART for < 4 years (39.6% vs. 23.9%, p = 0.0239). In those initiating ART as adolescents, each additional year in age above 10 years at the time of ART initiation (AOR 0.4 95% CI: 0.1, 0.9, p = 0.0324), and each additional year on ART ( AOR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2, 0.9, p = 0.0379) were associated with decreased risk of virologic failure. Drug resistance was evident in 67.6% of sequenced virus isolates. Conclusions During routine programmatic implementation of HIV care for children and adolescents, delayed age at ART initiation has long-term implications on immunologic recovery, growth and virologic outcomes. C1 [Makadzange, A. T.; Walker, B. D.] Ragon Inst MGH MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Higgins-Biddle, M.; Ojikutu, B. O.] John Snow Inc, Boston, MA USA. [Makadzange, A. T.; Chimukangara, B.; Birri, R.; Mahlanza, T.; McHugh, G.; van Dijk, J. H.; Ndhlovu, C. E.] Univ Zimbabwe, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Bwakura-Dangarembizi, M.] Univ Zimbabwe, Dept Pediat, Coll Hlth Sci, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Gordon, M.; Ndung'u, T.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, HIV Pathogenesis Program, Durban, South Africa. [Chimukangara, B.; Masimirembwa, C.] African Inst Biomed Sci, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Phelps, B.; Amzel, A.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Makadzange, AT (reprint author), Ragon Inst MGH MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM amakadzange@mgh.harvard.edu FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Agency for International Development [GHH-I-00-07-00059-00]; USAID; USAID through JSI; University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences FX This research has been supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Agency for International Development under the terms of contract no. GHH-I-00-07-00059-00, with the contractor as John Snow Inc. The University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences was a sub-grantee with Professor Chiratidzo Ndhlovu as the Principal Investigator. USAID funding supported salaries for research personnel, consultant fees, reagents and supplies for the conduct of the proposed study. John Snow Inc. employees who were involved in the study were Molly Higgins-Biddle and Bisola Ojikutu. Molly Higgins-Biddle provided statistical support for the study during the period of data analysis. Dr. Bisola Ojikutu was the Senior Technical Advisor for JSI. Molly Higgins-Biddle was involved in the data analysis, and both were involved with the review of the manuscript. USAID employees Benjamin Phelps and Anouk Amzel provided technical support to the granting agency but were not involved in the study design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. In summary the funder (USAID) provided support in the form of salaries through JSI for some of the authors (MH-B and BO), consultant fees (ATM) and University of Zimbabwe research staff. The funder did not have any additional role in study design, data collection or the decision to publish. The specific roles of the authors are articulated in the 'author contributions' section. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 14 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0144057 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0144057 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY9GR UT WOS:000366715900025 PM 26658814 ER PT J AU Haji, KA Thawer, NG Khatib, BO Mcha, JH Rashid, A Ali, AS Jones, C Bagi, J Magesa, SM Ramsan, MM Garimo, I Greer, G Reithinger, R Ngondi, JM AF Haji, Khamis A. Thawer, Narjis G. Khatib, Bakari O. Mcha, Juma H. Rashid, Abdallah Ali, Abdullah S. Jones, Christopher Bagi, Judit Magesa, Stephen M. Ramsan, Mahdi M. Garimo, Issa Greer, George Reithinger, Richard Ngondi, Jeremiah M. TI Efficacy, persistence and vector susceptibility to pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic (R) 300CS) insecticide for indoor residual spraying in Zanzibar SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article DE Indoor residual spraying; Actellic 300CS; Wall surfaces; Mosquito mortality; Insecticide resistance; Anopheles gambiae ss; Zanzibar ID ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; MALARIA VECTORS; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; CONTROL INTERVENTIONS; 50 EC; TANZANIA; TRANSMISSION; ARABIENSIS; DYNAMICS; BURDEN AB Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) of households with insecticide is a principal malaria vector control intervention in Zanzibar. In 2006, IRS using the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrine was introduced in Zanzibar. Following detection of pyrethroid resistance in 2010, an insecticide resistance management plan was proposed, and IRS using bendiocarb was started in 2011. In 2014, bendiocarb was replaced by pirimiphos methyl. This study investigated the residual efficacy of pirimiphos methyl (Actellic (R) 300CS) sprayed on common surfaces of human dwellings in Zanzibar. Methods: The residual activity of Actellic 300CS was determined over 9 months through bioassay tests that measured the mortality of female Anopheles mosquitoes, exposed to sprayed surfaces under a WHO cone. The wall surfaces included; mud wall, oil or water painted walls, lime washed wall, un-plastered cement block wall and stone blocks. Insecticide susceptibility testing was done to investigate the resistance status of local malaria vectors against Actellic 300CS using WHO protocols; Anopheline species were identified using PCR methods. Results: Baseline tests conducted one-day post-IRS revealed 100 % mortality on all sprayed surfaces. The residual efficacy of Actellic 300CS was maintained on all sprayed surfaces up to 8 months post-IRS. However, the bioassay test conducted 9 months post-IRS showed the 24 h mortality rate to be <= 80 % for lime wash, mud wall, water paint and stone block surfaces. Only oil paint surface retained the recommended residual efficacy beyond 9 months post-IRS, with mortality maintained at >= 97 %. Results of susceptibility tests showed that malaria vectors in Zanzibar were fully (100 %) susceptible to Actellic 300CS. The predominant mosquito vector species was An. arabiensis (76.0 %) in Pemba and An. gambiae (83.5 %) in Unguja. Conclusion: The microencapsulated formulation of pirimiphos methyl (Actellic 300CS) is a highly effective and appropriate insecticide for IRS use in Zanzibar as it showed a relatively prolonged residual activity compared to other products used for the same purpose. The insecticide extends the residual effect of IRS thereby making it possible to effectively protect communities with a single annual spray round reducing overall costs. The insecticide proved to be a useful alternative in insecticide resistance management plans. C1 [Haji, Khamis A.; Khatib, Bakari O.; Mcha, Juma H.; Ali, Abdullah S.] Zanzibar Malaria Eliminat Programme, Zanzibar, Tanzania. [Thawer, Narjis G.; Rashid, Abdallah; Magesa, Stephen M.; Ramsan, Mahdi M.; Garimo, Issa; Ngondi, Jeremiah M.] RTI Int, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Jones, Christopher; Bagi, Judit] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Greer, George] US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Initiat, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Reithinger, Richard] RTI Int, Washington, DC USA. RP Haji, KA (reprint author), Zanzibar Malaria Eliminat Programme, Zanzibar, Tanzania. EM kahajim@yahoo.com RI Jones, Christopher/C-8931-2013 FU President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) via the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) [621-A-00-10-00015-00]; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX This study was made possible through support provided to the Tanzania Vector Control Scale-up Project [Cooperative Agreement 621-A-00-10-00015-00] by the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) via the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and an inter-agency agreement with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The sponsors of this study had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or the writing of the report. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD DEC 9 PY 2015 VL 8 AR 628 DI 10.1186/s13071-015-1239-x PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA CX9FF UT WOS:000366009700001 PM 26652708 ER PT J AU Moxon, SG Ruysen, H Kerber, KJ Amouzou, A Fournier, S Grove, J Moran, AC Vaz, LME Blencowe, H Conroy, N Gulmezoglu, AM Vogel, JP Rawlins, B Sayed, R Hill, K Vivio, D Qazi, SA Sitrin, D Seale, AC Wall, S Jacobs, T Pelaez, JGR Guenther, T Coffey, PS Dawson, P Marchant, T Waiswa, P Deorari, A Enweronu-Laryea, C El Arifeen, S Lee, ACC Mathai, M Lawn, JE AF Moxon, Sarah G. Ruysen, Harriet Kerber, Kate J. Amouzou, Agbessi Fournier, Suzanne Grove, John Moran, Allisyn C. Vaz, Lara M. E. Blencowe, Hannah Conroy, Niall Gulmezoglu, A. Metin Vogel, Joshua P. Rawlins, Barbara Sayed, Rubayet Hill, Kathleen Vivio, Donna Qazi, Shamim A. Sitrin, Deborah Seale, Anna C. Wall, Steve Jacobs, Troy Ruiz Pelaez, Juan Gabriel Guenther, Tanya Coffey, Patricia S. Dawson, Penny Marchant, Tanya Waiswa, Peter Deorari, Ashok Enweronu-Laryea, Christabel El Arifeen, Shams Lee, Anne C. C. Mathai, Matthews Lawn, Joy E. TI Count every newborn; a measurement improvement roadmap for coverage data SO BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH LA English DT Article ID INJECTABLE PROCAINE BENZYLPENICILLIN; FOOT LENGTH MEASUREMENT; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; NEONATAL RESUSCITATION; CLINICAL SIGNS; PRETERM BIRTH; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; EQUIVALENCE TRIAL; STILLBIRTH RATES; YOUNG INFANTS AB Background: The Every Newborn Action Plan (ENAP), launched in 2014, aims to end preventable newborn deaths and stillbirths, with national targets of <= 12 neonatal deaths per 1000 live births and <= 12 stillbirths per 1000 total births by 2030. This requires ambitious improvement of the data on care at birth and of small and sick newborns, particularly to track coverage, quality and equity. Methods: In a multistage process, a matrix of 70 indicators were assessed by the Every Newborn steering group. Indicators were graded based on their availability and importance to ENAP, resulting in 10 core and 10 additional indicators. A consultation process was undertaken to assess the status of each ENAP core indicator definition, data availability and measurement feasibility. Coverage indicators for the specific ENAP treatment interventions were assigned task teams and given priority as they were identified as requiring the most technical work. Consultations were held throughout. Results: ENAP published 10 core indicators plus 10 additional indicators. Three core impact indicators (neonatal mortality rate, maternal mortality ratio, stillbirth rate) are well defined, with future efforts needed to focus on improving data quantity and quality. Three core indicators on coverage of care for all mothers and newborns (intrapartum/skilled birth attendance, early postnatal care, essential newborn care) have defined contact points, but gaps exist in measuring content and quality of the interventions. Four core (antenatal corticosteroids, neonatal resuscitation, treatment of serious neonatal infections, kangaroo mother care) and one additional coverage indicator for newborns at risk or with complications (chlorhexidine cord cleansing) lack indicator definitions or data, especially for denominators (population in need). To address these gaps, feasible coverage indicator definitions are presented for validity testing. Measurable process indicators to help monitor health service readiness are also presented. A major measurement gap exists to monitor care of small and sick babies, yet signal functions could be tracked similarly to emergency obstetric care. Conclusions: The ENAP Measurement Improvement Roadmap (2015-2020) outlines tools to be developed (e.g., improved birth and death registration, audit, and minimum perinatal dataset) and actions to test, validate and institutionalise proposed coverage indicators. The roadmap presents a unique opportunity to strengthen routine health information systems, crosslinking these data with civil registration and vital statistics and population-based surveys. Real measurement change requires intentional transfer of leadership to countries with the greatest disease burden and will be achieved by working with centres of excellence and existing networks. C1 [Moxon, Sarah G.; Ruysen, Harriet; Blencowe, Hannah; Conroy, Niall; Marchant, Tanya; Lawn, Joy E.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, MARCH Ctr, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Moxon, Sarah G.; Ruysen, Harriet; Blencowe, Hannah; Lawn, Joy E.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Moxon, Sarah G.; Kerber, Kate J.; Vaz, Lara M. E.; Blencowe, Hannah; Sitrin, Deborah; Wall, Steve; Guenther, Tanya; Lawn, Joy E.] Save Children, Saving Newborn Lives, 2000 L St NW,Suite 500, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Amouzou, Agbessi] UNICEF, Data Res & Policy, 3 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA. [Fournier, Suzanne] CIFF, Hlth Team, 7 Clifford St, London W1S 2FT, England. [Grove, John] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Global Dev Program, Maternal Newborn & Child Hlth, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Moran, Allisyn C.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Conroy, Niall] Mohamed Aden Sheikh Childrens Teaching Hosp, Hargeisa, Somaliland. [Gulmezoglu, A. Metin; Vogel, Joshua P.] WHO, UNDP UNFPA UNICEF WHO World Bank Special Program, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, Dev & Res Training Human Reprod HRP, Ave Appia 20, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Rawlins, Barbara] Maternal & Child Survival Program Jhpiego, 1776 Massachusetts Ave,Suite 300, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Sayed, Rubayet] Save Children Bangladesh, Saving Newborn Lives, House 35,Rd 43,Gulshan 2, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. [Hill, Kathleen] Univ Res Co LLC URC, USAID Applying Sci Strengthen & Improve Hlth Syst, 7200 Wisconsin Ave,Suite 500, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Vivio, Donna; Jacobs, Troy] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Qazi, Shamim A.; Mathai, Matthews] WHO, Dept Maternal Newborn Child & Adolescent, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [Seale, Anna C.] UCL, UCL Inst Hlth Informat, Farr Inst, Dept Infect Dis Informat, 222 Euston Rd, London NW1 2DA, England. [Ruiz Pelaez, Juan Gabriel] Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Sch Med, Carrera 7 40-62, Bogota, Colombia. [Ruiz Pelaez, Juan Gabriel] Fdn Canguro, Calle 56A 50-36 Bloque A13,Apto 416, Bogota, Colombia. [Ruiz Pelaez, Juan Gabriel] Hosp Univ San Ignacio, Carrera 7 40-62, Bogota, Colombia. [Coffey, Patricia S.] PATH, Devices Tools Global Program, Hlth Technol Women & Children, 2201 Westlake Ave,Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. [Dawson, Penny] JSI, Int Div, 44 Farnsworth St, Boston, MA 02210 USA. [Marchant, Tanya] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Dis Control, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Waiswa, Peter] INDEPTH Network, Maternal & Newborn Working Grp, 38 & 40 Mensah Wood St,East Legon,POB KD213 Kanda, Accra, Ghana. [Waiswa, Peter] Makerere Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Plot 1 New Mulago Hosp,POB 25809, Kampala, Uganda. [Deorari, Ashok] All India Inst Med Sci, WHO Collaborating Ctr Educ & Res Newborn Care, Dept Paediat, New Delhi 110029, India. [Enweronu-Laryea, Christabel] Univ Ghana, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Child Hlth, POB 4236, Accra, Ghana. [El Arifeen, Shams] ICDDR B, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Sharani, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. [Lee, Anne C. C.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Pediat Newborn Med, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Lawn, JE (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, MARCH Ctr, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM joy.lawn@lshtm.ac.uk OI Seale, Anna/0000-0002-0129-3146 NR 85 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2393 J9 BMC PREGNANCY CHILDB JI BMC Pregnancy Childbirth PD DEC PY 2015 VL 15 SU S2 AR S8 DI 10.1186/1471-2393-15-S2-S8 PG 23 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA DU0LX UT WOS:000381897700008 PM 26391444 ER PT J AU Pfitzer, A Kenon, C Blanchard, H AF Pfitzer, Anne Kenon, Clifton Blanchard, Holly TI APPROACHES TO POSTPARTUM FAMILY PLANNING SO INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID CONTRACEPTIVE USE; RURAL BANGLADESH; COUNTRIES; PROGRAM; BIRTH C1 [Pfitzer, Anne] Jhpiego, Maternal & Child Survival Program, Washington, DC USA. [Kenon, Clifton] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Blanchard, Holly] Jhpiego, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Pfitzer, A (reprint author), Jhpiego, Maternal & Child Survival Program, Washington, DC USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 125 MAIDEN LANE, 7TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10038 USA SN 1944-0391 EI 1944-0405 J9 INT PERSPECT SEX R H JI Int. Perspect. Sex Reprod. Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 41 IS 4 PG 3 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA DD4HN UT WOS:000369883200014 ER PT J AU Cordy, P Veiga, M Bernaudat, L Garcia, O AF Cordy, Paul Veiga, Marcello Bernaudat, Ludovic Garcia, Oseas TI Successful airborne mercury reductions in Colombia SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Contamination; Mitigation; Atmospheric ID GOLD; ANTIOQUIA; POLLUTION AB Mercury emissions from artisanal mining present a significant development and environmental challenge globally. The Colombia Mercury Project (CMP), a joint initiative of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), the Government of Antioquia, Colombia, and various other organizations, conducted a three year mercury reduction initiative in the Department of Antioquia. The CMP estimate that they prevented 46-70 tonnes of mercury from being used and released by various methods: technical assistance, elimination of whole ore amalgamation, mercury vapour capture, and introduction of alternative (and cleaner) extraction technologies all contributed to these successes. Maps of airborne mercury concentrations show the distribution and intensity of mercury emissions that can be used to estimate human health risk. Direct comparison with international air quality standards is possible by extrapolating annual average concentrations from short term atmospheric monitoring. Mercury vapour concentrations in the urban core of Segovia, Colombia have decreased 50% from 2010 to 2012, despite a 30% increase in gold production. Part of the reduction may be displaced emissions, as sources have been relocated to adjacent rural areas. This is the first time that reductions in environmental concentrations of mercury associated with a mercury abatement project have been measured. The mercury mitigation efforts applied by UNIDO provide a hopeful model for future remediation campaigns. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Veiga, Marcello] Univ British Columbia, NB Keevil Inst Min Engn, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Bernaudat, Ludovic] UNIDO, Vienna, Austria. [Garcia, Oseas] USAID, BIOREDD, Bogota, Colombia. RP Cordy, P (reprint author), Box 1883, Squamish, BC V8B 0B3, Canada. EM paulcordy@gmail.com FU National Science, Engineering, and Research Council of Canada; government of Antioquia; United Nations Industrial Development Organization FX This research was funded by the National Science, Engineering, and Research Council of Canada, the government of Antioquia, and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 108 BP 992 EP 1001 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.102 PN A PG 10 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA4IB UT WOS:000367762500090 ER PT J AU Naseem, A Pray, CE Oehmke, JF AF Naseem, Anwar Pray, Carl E. Oehmke, James F. TI Technical convening on smallholder agricultural transformation, Arlington, VA, USA, May 7-8, 2015 SO FOOD SECURITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Naseem, Anwar; Pray, Carl E.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Agr Food & Resource Econ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Oehmke, James F.] USAID, Bur Food Secur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Naseem, A (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Agr Food & Resource Econ, 55 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM naseem@aesop.rutgers.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1876-4517 EI 1876-4525 J9 FOOD SECUR JI Food Secur. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1337 EP 1340 DI 10.1007/s12571-015-0516-z PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA DA3KM UT WOS:000367695600019 ER PT J AU Getahun, H Matteelli, A Abubakar, I Aziz, MA Baddeley, A Barreira, D Den Boon, S Gutierrez, SMB Bruchfeld, J Burhan, E Cavalcante, S Cedillos, R Chaisson, R Chee, CBE Chesire, L Corbett, E Dara, M Denholm, J de Vries, G Falzon, D Ford, N Gale-Rowe, M Gilpin, C Girardi, E Go, UY Govindasamy, D Grant, AD Grzemska, M Harris, R Horsburgh, CR Ismayilov, A Jaramillo, E Kik, S Kranzer, K Lienhardt, C Lobue, P Lonnroth, K Marks, G Menzies, D Migliori, GB Mosca, D Mukadi, YD Mwinga, A Nelson, L Nishikiori, N Oordt-Speets, A Rangaka, MX Reis, A Rotz, L Sandgren, A Schepisi, MS Schunemann, HJ Sharma, SK Sotgiu, G Stagg, HR Sterling, TR Tayeb, T Uplekar, M van der Werf, MJ Vandevelde, W van Kessel, F van't Hoog, A Varma, JK Vezhnina, N Voniatis, C Noordegraaf-Schouten, MV Weil, D Weyer, K Wilkinson, RJ Yoshiyama, T Zellweger, JP Raviglione, M AF Getahun, Haileyesus Matteelli, Alberto Abubakar, Ibrahim Aziz, Mohamed Abdel Baddeley, Annabel Barreira, Draurio Den Boon, Saskia Borroto Gutierrez, Susana Marta Bruchfeld, Judith Burhan, Edina Cavalcante, Solange Cedillos, Rolando Chaisson, Richard Chee, Cynthia Bin-Eng Chesire, Lucy Corbett, Elizabeth Dara, Masoud Denholm, Justin de Vries, Gerard Falzon, Dennis Ford, Nathan Gale-Rowe, Margaret Gilpin, Chris Girardi, Enrico Go, Un-Yeong Govindasamy, Darshini Grant, Alison D. Grzemska, Malgorzata Harris, Ross Horsburgh, C. Robert, Jr. Ismayilov, Asker Jaramillo, Ernesto Kik, Sandra Kranzer, Katharina Lienhardt, Christian LoBue, Philip Loennroth, Knut Marks, Guy Menzies, Dick Migliori, Giovanni Battista Mosca, Davide Mukadi, Ya Diul Mwinga, Alwyn Nelson, Lisa Nishikiori, Nobuyuki Oordt-Speets, Anouk Rangaka, Molebogeng Xheedha Reis, Andreas Rotz, Lisa Sandgren, Andreas Schepisi, Monica Sane Schuenemann, Holger J. Sharma, Surender Kumar Sotgiu, Giovanni Stagg, Helen R. Sterling, Timothy R. Tayeb, Tamara Uplekar, Mukund van der Werf, Marieke J. Vandevelde, Wim van Kessel, Femke van't Hoog, Anna Varma, Jay K. Vezhnina, Natalia Voniatis, Constantia Noordegraaf-Schouten, Marije Vonk Weil, Diana Weyer, Karin Wilkinson, Robert John Yoshiyama, Takashi Zellweger, Jean Pierre Raviglione, Mario TI Managennent of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: WHO guidelines for Low tuberculosis burden countries SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PREVENTIVE THERAPY; CLOSE CONTACTS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; FOLLOW-UP; HOMELESS ADULTS; UNITED-STATES; DRUG-USERS AB Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is characterised by the presence of immune responses to previously acquired Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection without clinical evidence of active tuberculosis (TB). Here we report evidence-based guidelines from the World Health Organization for a public health approach to the management of LTBI in high risk individuals in countries with high or middle upper income and TB incidence of <100 per 100 000 per year. The guidelines strongly recommend systematic testing and treatment of LTBI in people living with HIV, adult and child contacts of pulmonary TB cases, patients initiating anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment, patients receiving dialysis, patients preparing for organ or haematological transplantation, and patients with silicosis. In prisoners, healthcare workers, immigrants from high TB burden countries, homeless persons and illicit drug users, systematic testing and treatment of LTBI is conditionally recommended, according to TB epidemiology and resource availability. Either commercial interferon-gamma release assays or Mantoux tuberculin skin testing could be used to test for LTBI. Chest radiography should be performed before LTBI treatment to rule out active TB disease. Recommended treatment regimens for LTBI include: 6 or 9 month isoniazid; 12 week rifapentine plus isoniazid; 3-4 month isoniazid plus rifampicin; or 3-4 month rifampicin alone. C1 [Getahun, Haileyesus; Matteelli, Alberto; Baddeley, Annabel; Falzon, Dennis; Gilpin, Chris; Grzemska, Malgorzata; Jaramillo, Ernesto; Lienhardt, Christian; Loennroth, Knut; Uplekar, Mukund; Weil, Diana; Weyer, Karin; Raviglione, Mario] WHO, Global TB Programme, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Abubakar, Ibrahim; Rangaka, Molebogeng Xheedha; Stagg, Helen R.] UCL, Dept Infect & Populat Hlth, London, England. [Abubakar, Ibrahim; Harris, Ross] Publ Hlth England, London, England. [Aziz, Mohamed Abdel] WHO, Reg Off Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt. [Barreira, Draurio] Minist Hlth, Natl TB Programme, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Borroto Gutierrez, Susana Marta] Pedro Kourf Inst Trop Med, Havana, Cuba. [Bruchfeld, Judith] Karolinska Inst Solna, Dept Med, Infect Dis Unit, Stockholm, Sweden. [Bruchfeld, Judith] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden. [Burhan, Edina] Univ Indonesia, Fac Med, Dept Pulmonol & Resp Med, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Burhan, Edina] Persahabatan Hosp, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Cavalcante, Solange] Fiocruz MS, Evandro Chagas Natl Inst Infect Dis, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Cedillos, Rolando] Hosp Nacl Rosales, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Chaisson, Richard] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr TB Res, Baltimore, MD USA. [Chee, Cynthia Bin-Eng] Tan Tock Sang Hosp, Singapore, Singapore. [Chesire, Lucy] TB Advocacy Consortium, Nairobi, Kenya. [Corbett, Elizabeth] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Blantyre, Malawi. [Dara, Masoud] WHO, Reg Off Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Denholm, Justin] Victorian TB Program, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [de Vries, Gerard] KNCV TB Fdn, The Hague, Netherlands. [Ford, Nathan; Nelson, Lisa] WHO, Dept HIV & Global Hepatitis Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. [Gale-Rowe, Margaret] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Girardi, Enrico; Schepisi, Monica Sane] Ist Nazl Malattie Infett L Spallanzani, Rome, Italy. [Go, Un-Yeong] Korea Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept HIV AIDS & TB Control Korea, Seoul, South Korea. [Govindasamy, Darshini] South African Med Res Council, Hlth Syst Res Unit, Cape Town, South Africa. [Grant, Alison D.; Kranzer, Katharina] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London WC1, England. [Horsburgh, C. Robert, Jr.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA. [Ismayilov, Asker] Minist Justice, Main Med Dept, Baku, Azerbaijan. [Kik, Sandra; Menzies, Dick] McGill Univ, McGill Int TB Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Kik, Sandra; Menzies, Dick] McGill Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [LoBue, Philip; Rotz, Lisa; Varma, Jay K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Loennroth, Knut] Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Solna, Sweden. [Marks, Guy] Univ Sydney, Woolcock Inst Med Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Marks, Guy] UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Migliori, Giovanni Battista] WHO, Collaborating Ctr TB & Lung Dis Fdn S Maugeri, Tradate, Italy. [Mosca, Davide] Int Org Migrat, Migrat Hlth Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. [Mukadi, Ya Diul] US Agcy Int Dev, Div Infect Dis, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Mwinga, Alwyn] Zambart Project, Lusaka, Zambia. [Nishikiori, Nobuyuki] WHO, Reg Off Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines. [Oordt-Speets, Anouk; van Kessel, Femke; Noordegraaf-Schouten, Marije Vonk] Paltas Hlth Res & Consultancy BV, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Rangaka, Molebogeng Xheedha; Wilkinson, Robert John] Univ Cape Town, Inst Infect Dis & Mol Med, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Reis, Andreas; Sharma, Surender Kumar] WHO, Knowledge Eth & Res Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. [Sandgren, Andreas; Sotgiu, Giovanni; van der Werf, Marieke J.] European Ctr Dis Prevent & Control, Stockholm, Sweden. [Schuenemann, Holger J.] McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, GRADE Ctr, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Schuenemann, Holger J.] McMaster Univ, Dept Med, GRADE Ctr, Hamilton, ON, Canada. All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Med, New Delhi 110029, India. Univ Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Sterling, Timothy R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Tayeb, Tamara] Minist Hlth, Natl TB Programme, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Vandevelde, Wim] European AIDS Treatment Grp, Brussels, Belgium. [van't Hoog, Anna] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Global Hlth, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Vezhnina, Natalia] HIV TB & Penal Syst Projects, Moscow, Russia. [Voniatis, Constantia] Minist Hlth, Clin Labs, Nicosia, Cyprus. [Wilkinson, Robert John] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Francis Crick Inst, Dept Med, Mill Hill Lab, London, England. [Yoshiyama, Takashi] Japan Anti TB Assoc, Fukujuji Hosp, Tokyo, Japan. [Zellweger, Jean Pierre] TB Competence Ctr, Bern, Switzerland. RP Getahun, H (reprint author), WHO, Global TB Programme, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM getahunh@who.int RI Lonnroth, Knut/L-2339-2014 OI Lonnroth, Knut/0000-0001-5054-8240 FU Department of Health [SRF-2011-04-001]; Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999]; NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI094189]; Wellcome Trust [091769, 104803] NR 70 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 18 PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA 442 GLOSSOP RD, SHEFFIELD S10 2PX, ENGLAND SN 0903-1936 EI 1399-3003 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1563 EP 1576 DI 10.1183/13993003.01245-2015 PG 14 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA CZ2QC UT WOS:000366948700010 PM 26405286 ER PT J AU George, A Rodriguez, DC Rasanathan, K Brandes, N Bennett, S AF George, Asha Rodriguez, Daniela C. Rasanathan, Kumanan Brandes, Neal Bennett, Sara TI iCCM policy analysis: strategic contributions to understanding its character, design and scale up in sub-Saharan Africa SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Child health; community case management; policy analysis; policy process ID COMMUNITY CASE-MANAGEMENT; GENERATING POLITICAL PRIORITY; CHILDHOOD ILLNESS; HEALTH-WORKERS; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; INCOME COUNTRIES; NEWBORN SURVIVAL; SOUTH-AFRICA; MORTALITY AB Pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria remain leading causes of death for children under 5 years of age and access to effective and appropriate treatment for sick children is extremely low where it is needed most. Integrated community case management (iCCM) enables community health workers to provide basic lifesaving treatment for sick children living in remote communities for these diseases. While many governments in sub-Saharan Africa recently changed policies to support iCCM, large variations in implementation remain. As a result, the collaboration represented in this supplement examined the policy processes underpinning iCCM through qualitative case study research in six purposively identified countries (Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali, Kenya, Malawi and Mozambique) and the global context. We introduce the supplement, by reviewing how policy analysis can inform: (a) how we frame iCCM and negotiate its boundaries, (b) how we tailor iCCM for national health systems and (c) how we foster accountability and learning for iCCM. In terms of framing, iCCM boundaries reflect how an array of actors use evidence to prioritize particular aspects of child mortality (lack of access to treatment), and how this underpins the ability to reach consensus and legitimate specific policy enterprises. When promoted at national level, contextual health system factors, such as the profile of CHWs and the history of primary health care, cannot be ignored. Adaptation to these contextual realities may lead to unintended consequences not forseen by technical or managerial expertize alone. Further scaling up of iCCM requires understanding of the political accountabilities involved, how ownership can be fostered and learning for improved policies and programs sustained. Collectively these articles demonstrate that iCCM, although often compartmentalized as a technical intervention, also reflects the larger and messier real world of health politics, policy and practice, for which policy analysis is vital, as an integral component of public health programming. C1 [George, Asha; Rodriguez, Daniela C.; Bennett, Sara] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Rasanathan, Kumanan] UNICEF, Hlth Sect, New York, NY USA. [Brandes, Neal] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP George, A (reprint author), 615 N Wolfe St,Rm E-8612, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM ageorg22@jhu.edu FU UNICEF [43114640]; USAID TRAction project [FY11-G06-6990] FX This study was funded by UNICEF (#43114640) and the USAID TRAction project (FY11-G06-6990). Both UNICEF and USAID staff advised the study team, but did not substantively affect the study design, instruments or interpretation of data. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNICEF or USAID. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1080 EI 1460-2237 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 30 SU 2 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1093/heapol/czv096 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA CY6CQ UT WOS:000366495200002 ER PT J AU Cluver, LD Hodes, RJ Sherr, L Orkin, FM Meinck, F Ken, PLA Winder-Rossi, NE Wolfe, J Vicari, M AF Cluver, Lucie D. Hodes, Rebecca J. Sherr, Lorraine Orkin, F. Mark Meinck, Franziska Ken, Patricia Lim Ah Winder-Rossi, Natalia E. Wolfe, Jason Vicari, Marissa TI Social protection: potential for improving HIV outcomes among adolescents SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material DE social protection; HIV/AIDS; adolescents; HIV prevention; adherence ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; YOUNG KEY POPULATIONS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SOUTH-AFRICA; TRANSACTIONAL SEX; CASH TRANSFERS; POVERTY; ADHERENCE; HEALTH AB Introduction: Advances in biomedical technologies provide potential for adolescent HIV prevention and HIV-positive survival. The UNAIDS 90-90-90 treatment targets provide a new roadmap for ending the HIV epidemic, principally through antiretroviral treatment, HIV testing and viral suppression among people with HIV. However, while imperative, HIV treatment and testing will not be sufficient to address the epidemic among adolescents in Southern and Eastern Africa. In particular, use of condoms and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) remain haphazard, with evidence that social and structural deprivation is negatively impacting adolescents' capacity to protect themselves and others. This paper examines the evidence for and potential of interventions addressing these structural deprivations. Discussion: New evidence is emerging around social protection interventions, including cash transfers, parenting support and educational support ("cash, care and classroom"). These interventions have the potential to reduce the social and economic drivers of HIV risk, improve utilization of prevention technologies and improve adherence to ART for adolescent populations in the hyper-endemic settings of Southern and Eastern Africa. Studies show that the integration of social and economic interventions has high acceptability and reach and that it holds powerful potential for improved HIV, health and development outcomes. Conclusions: Social protection is a largely untapped means of reducing HIV-risk behaviours and increasing uptake of and adherence to biomedical prevention and treatment technologies. There is now sufficient evidence to include social protection programming as a key strategy not only to mitigate the negative impacts of the HIV epidemic among families, but also to contribute to HIV prevention among adolescents and potentially to remove social and economic barriers to accessing treatment. We urge a further research and programming agenda: to actively combine programmes that increase availability of biomedical solutions with social protection policies that can boost their utilization. C1 [Cluver, Lucie D.; Meinck, Franziska] Univ Oxford, Dept Social Policy & Intervent, Ctr Evidence Based Intervent, Oxford OX1 2ER, England. [Cluver, Lucie D.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Psychiat & Mental Hlth, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Hodes, Rebecca J.] Univ Cape Town, Ctr Social Sci Res, AIDS & Soc Res Unit, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Hodes, Rebecca J.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Hist Studies, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Sherr, Lorraine] UCL, Dept Infect & Populat Hlth, Hlth Psychol Unit, London, England. [Orkin, F. Mark] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Clin Med, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Orkin, F. Mark] Univ Witwatersrand, DST NRF Ctr Excellence Human Dev, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Ken, Patricia Lim Ah] UNICEF, HIV & AIDS Sect, New York, NY USA. [Winder-Rossi, Natalia E.] UNICEF Reg Off Eastern & Southern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. [Wolfe, Jason] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Vicari, Marissa] Int AIDS Soc, Collaborat Initiat Paediat HIV Educ & Res CIPHER, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Cluver, LD (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Social Policy & Intervent, Ctr Evidence Based Intervent, Barnett House,32 Wellington Sq, Oxford OX1 2ER, England. EM Lucie.Cluver@spi.ox.ac.uk RI Meinck, Franziska/R-6440-2016; OI Meinck, Franziska/0000-0002-5234-3799; Cluver, Lucie/0000-0002-0418-835X FU European Research Council [313421] NR 77 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT AIDS SOCIETY PI GENEVA PA AVENUE DE FRANCE 23, GENEVA, 1202, SWITZERLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 18 SU 6 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.7448/IAS.18.7.20260 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CX8QZ UT WOS:000365970000011 PM 26639115 ER PT J AU Chamla, DD Essajee, S Young, M Kellerman, S Lovich, R Sugandhi, N Amzel, A Luo, CW AF Chamla, Dick D. Essajee, Shaffiq Young, Mark Kellerman, Scott Lovich, Ronnie Sugandhi, Nandita Amzel, Anouk Luo, Chewe TI Integration of HIV in child survival platforms: a novel programmatic pathway towards the 90-90-90 targets SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material DE integration; HIV; child survival; double dividend; maternal-child health; PITC ID EARLY INFANT DIAGNOSIS; SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION; COMMUNITY-HEALTH WORKERS; QUALITY-OF-CARE; INFECTED CHILDREN; FOOD INSECURITY; SERVICES; OUTCOMES; MALAWI; IMPACT AB Introduction: Integration of HIV into child survival platforms is an evolving territory with multiple connotations. Most literature on integration of HIV into other health services focuses on adults; however promising practices for children are emerging. These include the Double Dividend (DD) framework, a new programming approach with dual goal of improving paediatric HIV care and child survival. In this commentary, the authors discuss why integrating HIV testing, treatment and care into child survival platforms is important, as well as its potential to advance progress towards global targets that call for, by 2020, 90% of children living with HIV to know their status, 90% of those diagnosed to be on treatment and 90% of those on treatment to be virally suppressed (90-90-90). Discussion: Integration is critical in improving health outcomes and efficiency gains. In children, integration of HIV in programmes such as immunization and nutrition has been associated with an increased uptake of HIV infant testing. Integration is increasingly recognized as a case-finding strategy for children missed from prevention of mother-to-child transmission programmes and as a platform for diffusing emerging technologies such as point-of-care diagnostics. These support progress towards the 90-90-90 targets by providing a pathway for early identification of HIV-infected children with co-morbidities, prompt initiation of treatment and improved survival. There are various promising practices that have demonstrated HIV outcomes; however, few have documented the benefits of integration on child survival interventions. The DD framework is well positioned to address the bidirectional impacts for both programmes. Conclusions: Integration provides an important programmatic pathway for accelerated progress towards the 90-90-90 targets. Despite this encouraging information, there are still challenges to be addressed in order to maximize the benefits of integration. C1 [Chamla, Dick D.; Young, Mark] UNICEF New York, Hlth Sect, New York, NY USA. [Essajee, Shaffiq] WHO, HIV Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Kellerman, Scott] Global HIV Program, Management Sci Hlth Arlington, Arlington, VA USA. [Lovich, Ronnie] Elizabeth Glaser Pediat AIDS Fdn Washington, MCH Dept, Washington, DC USA. [Sugandhi, Nandita] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat New York, HIV Dept, New York, NY USA. [Amzel, Anouk] USAID Washington, HIV Off, Washington, DC USA. [Luo, Chewe] UNICEF New York, HIV Sect, New York, NY USA. RP Chamla, DD (reprint author), 3 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA. EM dchamla@unicef.org NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT AIDS SOCIETY PI GENEVA PA AVENUE DE FRANCE 23, GENEVA, 1202, SWITZERLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 18 SU 6 BP 80 EP 84 DI 10.7448/IAS.18.7.20250 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CX8QZ UT WOS:000365970000012 PM 26639111 ER PT J AU Tobian, AAR Adamu, T Reed, JB Kiggundu, V Yazdi, Y Njeuhmeli, E AF Tobian, Aaron A. R. Adamu, Tigistu Reed, Jason B. Kiggundu, Valerian Yazdi, Youseph Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Voluntary medical male circumcision in resource-constrained settings SO NATURE REVIEWS UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ADULT MALE CIRCUMCISION; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RISK HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; VIRUS TYPE-2 INFECTION; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; DENDRITIC CELL-DENSITY; HIV PREVENTION; LIMITED SETTINGS; SHANG RING AB Throughout East and Southern Africa, the WHO recommends voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) to reduce heterosexual HIV acquisition. Evidence has informed policy and the implementation of VMMC programmes in these countries. VMMC has been incorporated into the HIV prevention portfolio and more than 9 million VMMCs have been performed. Conventional surgical procedures consist of forceps-guided, dorsal slit or sleeve resection techniques. Devices are also becoming available that might help to accelerate the scale-up of adult VMMC. The ideal device should make VMMC easier, safer, faster, sutureless, inexpensive, less painful, require less infrastructure, be more acceptable to patients and should not require follow-up visits. Elastic collar compression devices cause vascular obstruction and necrosis of foreskin tissue and do not require sutures or injectable anaesthesia. Collar clamp devices compress the proximal part of the foreskin to reach haemostasis; the distal foreskin is removed, but the device remains and therefore no sutures are required. Newer techniques and designs, such as tissue adhesives and a circular cutter with stapled anastomosis, are improvements, but none of these methods have achieved all desirable characteristics. Further research, design and development are needed to address this gap to enable the expansion of the already successful VMMC programmes for HIV prevention. C1 [Tobian, Aaron A. R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Adamu, Tigistu] JHPIEGO, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. [Reed, Jason B.] Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Kiggundu, Valerian; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Yazdi, Youseph] Johns Hopkins Ctr Bioengn Innovat & Design CBID, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Tobian, AAR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Carnegie 437,600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM atobian1@jhmi.edu NR 88 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1759-4812 EI 1759-4820 J9 NAT REV UROL JI Nat. Rev. Urol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 12 IS 12 BP 661 EP 670 DI 10.1038/nrurol.2015.253 PG 10 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA CY1PT UT WOS:000366180400006 PM 26526758 ER PT J AU Storms, AD Kusriastuti, R Misriyah, S Praptiningsih, CY Amalya, M Lafond, KE Samaan, G Triada, R Iuliano, AD Ester, M Sidjabat, R Chittenden, K Vogel, R Widdowson, MA Mahoney, F Uyeki, TM AF Storms, A. D. Kusriastuti, R. Misriyah, S. Praptiningsih, C. Y. Amalya, M. Lafond, K. E. Samaan, G. Triada, R. Iuliano, A. D. Ester, M. Sidjabat, R. Chittenden, K. Vogel, R. Widdowson, M. A. Mahoney, F. Uyeki, T. M. TI The East Jakarta Project: surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) and seasonal influenza viruses in patients seeking care for respiratory disease, Jakarta, Indonesia, October 2011-September 2012 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Influenza; influenza (seasonal); avian flu; surveillance ID H5N1; INFECTION; METAANALYSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ILLNESS; CHINA AB Indonesia has reported the most human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus worldwide. We implemented enhanced surveillance in four outpatient clinics and six hospitals for HPAI H5N1 and seasonal influenza viruses in East Jakarta district to assess the public health impact of influenza in Indonesia. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected from outpatients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI); respiratory specimens were obtained for influenza testing by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. During October 2011-September 2012, 1131/3278 specimens from ILI cases (34.5%) and 276/1787 specimens from SARI cases (15.4%) tested positive for seasonal influenza viruses. The prevalence of influenza virus infections was highest during December-May and the proportion testing positive was 76% for ILI and 36% for SARI during their respective weeks of peak activity. No HPAI H5N1 virus infections were identified, including hundreds of ILI and SARI patients with recent poultry exposures, whereas seasonal influenza was an important contributor to acute respiratory disease in East Jakarta. Overall, 668 (47%) of influenza viruses were influenza B, 384 (27%) were A(H1N1) pdm09, and 359 (25%) were H3. While additional data over multiple years are needed, our findings suggest that seasonal influenza prevention efforts, including influenza vaccination, should target the months preceding the rainy season. C1 [Storms, A. D.; Lafond, K. E.; Iuliano, A. D.; Widdowson, M. A.; Mahoney, F.; Uyeki, T. M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Storms, A. D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kusriastuti, R.; Misriyah, S.; Triada, R.; Sidjabat, R.] Minist Hlth Republ Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Praptiningsih, C. Y.; Amalya, M.; Samaan, G.; Ester, M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Chittenden, K.] US Agcy Int Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Vogel, R.] John Snow Int Jakarta Field Off, USAID DELIVER PROJECT, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Uyeki, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-20, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tuyeki@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 EI 1469-4409 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 143 IS 16 BP 3394 EP 3404 DI 10.1017/S0950268815000771 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA CW7JC UT WOS:000365173600004 PM 25912029 ER PT J AU Bailey, PE Keyes, E Moran, AC Singh, K Chavane, L Chilundo, B AF Bailey, Patricia E. Keyes, Emily Moran, Allisyn C. Singh, Kavita Chavane, Leonardo Chilundo, Baltazar TI The triple threat of pregnancy, HIV infection and malaria: reported causes of maternal mortality in two nationwide health facility assessments in Mozambique, 2007 and 2012 SO BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH LA English DT Article DE Maternal mortality; Direct and indirect causes of death; Mozambique; Malaria; HIV infection ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; BURDEN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DEATHS; WOMEN AB Background: The paper's primary purpose is to determine changes in magnitude and causes of institutional maternal mortality in Mozambique. We also describe shifts in the location of institutional deaths and changes in availability of prevention and treatment measures for malaria and HIV infection. Methods: Two national cross-sectional assessments of health facilities with childbirth services were conducted in 2007 and 2012. Each collected retrospective data on deliveries and maternal deaths and their causes. In 2007, 2,199 cases of maternal deaths were documented over a 12 month period; in 2012, 459 cases were identified over a three month period. In 2007, data collection also included reviews of maternal deaths when records were available (n = 712). Results: Institutional maternal mortality declined from 541 to 284/100,000 births from 2007 to 2012. The rate of decline among women dying of direct causes was 66 % compared to 26 % among women dying of indirect causes. Cause-specific mortality ratios fell for all direct causes. Patterns among indirect causes were less conclusive given differences in cause-of-death recording. In absolute numbers, the combination of antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage was the leading direct cause of death each year and HIV and malaria the main non-obstetric causes. Based on maternal death reviews, evidence of HIV infection, malaria or anemia was found in more than 40 % of maternal deaths due to abortion, ectopic pregnancy and sepsis. Almost half (49 %) of all institutional maternal deaths took place in the largest hospitals in 2007 while in 2012, only 24 % occurred in these hospitals. The availability of antiretrovirals and antimalarials increased in all types of facilities, but increases were most dramatic in health centers. Conclusions: The rate at which women died of direct causes in Mozambique's health facilities appears to have declined significantly. Despite a clear improvement in access to antiretrovirals and antimalarials, especially at lower levels of health care, malaria, HIV, and anemia continue to exact a heavy toll on child-bearing women. Going forward, efforts to end preventable maternal and newborn deaths must maximize the use of antenatal care that includes integrated preventive/treatment options for HIV infection, malaria and anemia. C1 [Bailey, Patricia E.; Keyes, Emily] FHI 360, Global Hlth Programs, RMNCH Unit, Durham, NC 27701 USA. [Bailey, Patricia E.; Keyes, Emily] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Averting Maternal Death & Disabil, New York, NY USA. [Moran, Allisyn C.] US Agcy Int Dev, Global Hlth Fellows Program 2, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Singh, Kavita] Univ N Carolina, MEASURE Evaluat Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Singh, Kavita] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Chavane, Leonardo] MCSP Jhpiego, Maputo, Mozambique. [Chilundo, Baltazar] Univ Eduardo Mondlane, Dept Saude Comunidade, Fac Med, Maputo, Mozambique. RP Bailey, PE (reprint author), FHI 360, Global Hlth Programs, RMNCH Unit, 359 Blackwell St, Durham, NC 27701 USA. EM pbailey@fhi360.org FU United States Agency for International Development through the MEASURE Evaluation Program Phase III Monitoring and Assessment for Results [GHA-A-00-08-00003-00]; USAID; Jhpiego; MCHIP program; UNFPA; Eduardo Mondlane University FX We thank the United States Agency for International Development for their funding through the MEASURE Evaluation Program Phase III Monitoring and Assessment for Results, cooperative agreement # GHA-A-00-08-00003-00. The contents are the responsibility of authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of United States Agency for International Development (USAID) or the United States Government. AM, EK, KS and PB were supported financially by USAID directly or indirectly. LC was supported by Jhpiego and the MCHIP program, and BC received support through UNFPA and Eduardo Mondlane University. Both health facility assessments were funded primarily by UNFPA and guided by a number of technical advisors. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the very helpful comments of our reviewers. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2393 J9 BMC PREGNANCY CHILDB JI BMC Pregnancy Childbirth PD NOV 9 PY 2015 VL 15 AR 293 DI 10.1186/s12884-015-0725-7 PG 13 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA CV8OX UT WOS:000364548600002 PM 26552482 ER PT J AU Smithson, P Florey, L Salgado, SR Hershey, CL Masanja, H Bhattarai, A Mwita, A McElroy, PD AF Smithson, Paul Florey, Lia Salgado, S. Rene Hershey, Christine L. Masanja, Honorati Bhattarai, Achuyt Mwita, Alex McElroy, Peter D. CA Tanzania Malaria Impact Evaluation TI Impact of Malaria Control on Mortality and Anemia among Tanzanian Children Less than Five Years of Age, 1999-2010 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; INSECTICIDE-TREATED NETS; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; TRANSMISSION INTENSITY; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; TREATMENT POLICY; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CHILDHOOD MORTALITY; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY AB Background Mainland Tanzania scaled up multiple malaria control interventions between 1999 and 2010. We evaluated whether, and to what extent, reductions in all-cause under-five child mortality (U5CM) tracked with malaria control intensification during this period. Methods Four nationally representative household surveys permitted trend analysis for malaria intervention coverage, severe anemia (hemoglobin <8 g/dL) prevalence (SAP) among children 6-59 months, and U5CM rates stratified by background characteristics, age, and malaria endemicity. Prevalence of contextual factors (e.g., vaccination, nutrition) likely to influence U5CM were also assessed. Population attributable risk percentage (PAR%) estimates for malaria interventions and contextual factors that changed over time were used to estimate magnitude of impact on U5CM. Results Household ownership of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) rose from near zero in 1999 to 64% (95% CI, 61.7-65.2) in 2010. Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy reached 26% (95% CI, 23.6-28.0) by 2010. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine replaced chloroquine in 2002 and artemisinin-based combination therapy was introduced in 2007. SAP among children 6-59 months declined 50% between 2005 (11.1%; 95% CI, 10.0-12.3%) and 2010 (5.5%; 95% CI, 4.7-6.4%) and U5CM declined by 45% between baseline (1995-9) and endpoint (2005-9), from 148 to 81 deaths/1000 live births, respectively. Mortality declined 55% among children 1-23 months of age in higher malaria endemicity areas. A large reduction in U5CM was attributable to ITNs (PAR%=11) with other malaria interventions adding further gains. Multiple contextual factors also contributed to survival gains. Conclusion Marked declines in U5CM occurred in Tanzania between 1999 and 2010 with high impact from ITNs and ACTs. High-risk children (1-24 months of age in high malaria endemicity) experienced the greatest declines in mortality and SAP. Malaria control should remain a policy priority to sustain and further accelerate progress in child survival. C1 [Smithson, Paul; Masanja, Honorati] Ifakara Hlth Inst, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Florey, Lia] ICF Int, Rockville, MD USA. [Salgado, S. Rene; Hershey, Christine L.] US Agcy Int Dev, US Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Bhattarai, Achuyt; McElroy, Peter D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Presidents Malaria Initiat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mwita, Alex] Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Natl Malaria Control Programme, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Smithson, P (reprint author), Ifakara Hlth Inst, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. EM psmithson@ihi.or.tz FU United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Health and Social Welfare; U. S. Agency for International Development; United Nations Children's Fund; Global Fund; Department for International Development; United Nations Population Fund; World Food Programme; United Nations Development Programme; Irish Aid FX The household surveys included in this analysis were funded in part by the United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, U. S. Agency for International Development, United Nations Children's Fund, The Global Fund, Department for International Development, United Nations Population Fund, World Food Programme, United Nations Development Programme, and Irish Aid. The authors received no specific funding for this work. NR 110 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 4 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0141112 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0141112 PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV5GZ UT WOS:000364298400054 PM 26536354 ER PT J AU Odume, BB Ofoegbu, OS Aniwada, EC Okechukwu, EF AF Odume, Bethrand Brian Ofoegbu, Onyebuchi Stephanie Aniwada, Elias Chike Okechukwu, Emeka Franklin TI The influence of family characteristics on glycaemic control among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the general outpatient clinic, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria SO SOUTH AFRICAN FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE family APGAR; family function; glycaemic control; social support; type 2 diabetes ID SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; PREVALENCE; INTERVENTIONS; COUNTRIES AB Background: There is an increasing epidemic of diabetes worldwide with many patients not achieving set treatment targets. Family interventions in diabetes patient management, a proven adjunct, have not been fully integrated to patient care.Method: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in the outpatient clinic of the Department of Family Medicine, National Hospital, Abuja. A total of 156 adult patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited between August and October 2012 with 145 (93%) completing the study. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 was used to enter and analyse the data.Results: A total of 145 subjects (81 females, 64 males) were studied. Assessment of the relationship between the family characteristics and glycaemic control was significant for family functional status by APGAR (Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve), which represents the questionnaire categories and social support by the Modified Scale for Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), p-value<0.000.Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between family function and social support and glycaemic control among type 2 diabetic patients attending the general outpatient clinic in the National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. C1 [Odume, Bethrand Brian; Ofoegbu, Onyebuchi Stephanie] Natl Hosp, Dept Family Med, Abuja, Nigeria. [Aniwada, Elias Chike] Univ Nigeria, Dept Community Med, Enugu, Nigeria. [Okechukwu, Emeka Franklin] US Agcy Int Dev, Abuja, Nigeria. RP Odume, BB (reprint author), Natl Hosp, Dept Family Med, Abuja, Nigeria. EM bethodume@gmail.com NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2078-6190 EI 2078-6204 J9 S AFR FAM PRACT PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 57 IS 6 BP 347 EP U18 DI 10.1080/20786190.2015.1090688 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CY7TZ UT WOS:000366613500003 ER PT J AU Libes, J Musimbi, J Njuguna, F Patel, K Oruko, O Abdallah, F Githanga, J Ndung'u, J Hansen, E Newton, M Mwachiro, M White, R Axt, J O'Neill, J Lovvorn, H AF Libes, J. Musimbi, J. Njuguna, F. Patel, K. Oruko, O. Abdallah, F. Githanga, J. Ndung'u, J. Hansen, E. Newton, M. Mwachiro, M. White, R. Axt, J. O'Neill, J. Lovvorn, H. TI EFFECTS OF PROVIDING FINANCIAL SUPPORT TO PATIENTS WITH WILMS TUMOR IN KENYA ON ABANDONMENT AND SURVIVAL RATES SO PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Libes, J.] Childrens Hosp Illinois, Pediat, Peoria, IL USA. [Musimbi, J.; Njuguna, F.] Moi Teaching & Referral Hosp, USAID Ampath Partnership, Eldoret, Kenya. [Patel, K.] Moi Teaching & Referral Hosp, Immunol, Eldoret, Kenya. [Oruko, O.] Univ Nairobi, Pathol, Nairobi, Kenya. [Abdallah, F.; Githanga, J.] Univ Nairobi, Haematol & Transfus, Nairobi, Kenya. [Ndung'u, J.] Univ Nairobi, Surg, Nairobi, Kenya. [Hansen, E.; Newton, M.] AIC Kijabe Hosp, Surg, Kijabe, Kenya. [Mwachiro, M.; White, R.] Tenwek Mission Hosp, Bomet, Kenya. [Axt, J.] Mbingo Baptist Hosptial, Surg, Bamenda, Cameroon. [O'Neill, J.; Lovvorn, H.] Vanderbilt Univ, Childrens Hosp, Pediat Surg, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1545-5009 EI 1545-5017 J9 PEDIATR BLOOD CANCER JI Pediatr. Blood Cancer PD NOV PY 2015 VL 62 SU 4 MA PD-079 BP S230 EP S230 PG 1 WC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics SC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics GA CR3QE UT WOS:000361247200333 ER PT J AU Steen, R Wheeler, T Gorgens, M Mziray, E Dallabetta, G AF Steen, Richard Wheeler, Tisha Gorgens, Marelize Mziray, Elizabeth Dallabetta, Gina TI Feasible, Efficient and Necessary, without Exception - Working with Sex Workers Interrupts HIV/STI Transmission and Brings Treatment to Many in Need SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HIV TRANSMISSION; STRUCTURAL INTERVENTIONS; COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION; PREVENTION PROGRAM; HARM REDUCTION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; INDIA; PREVALENCE AB Background and Overview High rates of partner change in sex work-whether in professional, 'transactional' or other context-disproportionately drive transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Several countries in Asia have demonstrated that reducing transmission in sex work can reverse established epidemics among sex workers, their clients and the general population. Experience and emerging research from Africa reaffirms unprotected sex work to be a key driver of sexual transmission in different contexts and regardless of stage or classification of HIV epidemic. This validation of the epidemiology behind sexual transmission carries an urgent imperative to realign prevention resources and scale up effective targeted interventions in sex work settings, and, given declining HIV resources, to do so efficiently. Eighteen articles in this issue highlight the importance and feasibility of such interventions under four themes: 1) epidemiology, data needs and modelling of sex work in generalised epidemics; 2) implementation science addressing practical aspects of intervention scale-up; 3) community mobilisation and 4) the treatment cascade for sex workers living with HIV. Conclusion Decades of empirical evidence, extended by analyses in this collection, argue that protecting sex work is, without exception, feasible and necessary for controlling HIV/STI epidemics. In addition, the disproportionate burden of HIV borne by sex workers calls for facilitated access to ART, care and support. The imperative for Africa is rapid scale-up of targeted prevention and treatment, facilitated by policies and action to improve conditions where sex work takes place. The opportunity is a wealth of accumulated experience working with sex workers in diverse settings, which can be tapped to make up for lost time. Elsewhere, even in countries with strong interventions and services for sex workers, an emerging challenge is to find ways to sustain them in the face of declining global resources. C1 [Steen, Richard] Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Wheeler, Tisha] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Gorgens, Marelize; Mziray, Elizabeth] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Dallabetta, Gina] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Washington, DC USA. RP Steen, R (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM steenr7@gmail.com NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 21 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 10 AR e0121145 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0121145 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CU0ZM UT WOS:000363248400001 PM 26488796 ER PT J AU Johnson, CK Hitchens, PL Evans, TS Goldstein, T Thomas, K Clements, A Joly, DO Wolfe, ND Daszak, P Karesh, WB Mazet, JK AF Johnson, Christine Kreuder Hitchens, Peta L. Evans, Tierra Smiley Goldstein, Tracey Thomas, Kate Clements, Andrew Joly, Damien O. Wolfe, Nathan D. Daszak, Peter Karesh, William B. Mazet, Jonna K. TI Spillover and pandemic properties of zoonotic viruses with high host plasticity SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID REEMERGING PATHOGENS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; EMERGENCE; TRANSMISSION; PREDICTION; ZOONOSIS; HUNTERS; ORIGINS; HUMANS; RANGE AB Most human infectious diseases, especially recently emerging pathogens, originate from animals, and ongoing disease transmission from animals to people presents a significant global health burden. Recognition of the epidemiologic circumstances involved in zoonotic spillover, amplification, and spread of diseases is essential for prioritizing surveillance and predicting future disease emergence risk. We examine the animal hosts and transmission mechanisms involved in spillover of zoonotic viruses to date, and discover that viruses with high host plasticity (i.e. taxonomically and ecologically diverse host range) were more likely to amplify viral spillover by secondary human-to-human transmission and have broader geographic spread. Viruses transmitted to humans during practices that facilitate mixing of diverse animal species had significantly higher host plasticity. Our findings suggest that animal-to-human spillover of new viruses that are capable of infecting diverse host species signal emerging disease events with higher pandemic potential in that these viruses are more likely to amplify by human-to-human transmission with spread on a global scale. C1 [Johnson, Christine Kreuder; Hitchens, Peta L.; Evans, Tierra Smiley; Goldstein, Tracey; Thomas, Kate; Mazet, Jonna K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Hlth Inst 1, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Clements, Andrew] USAID, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Joly, Damien O.; Wolfe, Nathan D.] Metabiota, San Francisco, CA USA. [Daszak, Peter; Karesh, William B.] EcoHlth Alliance, New York, NY USA. RP Johnson, CK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Hlth Inst 1, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ckjohnson@ucdavis.edu OI Hitchens, Peta/0000-0002-7528-7056 FU American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats PREDICT program [GHN-AOO-09-00010-00] FX This study was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats PREDICT program (Cooperative Agreement no. GHN-AOO-09-00010-00). We would like to thank D. Carroll and A. Pereira for insightful discussions on disease emergence dynamics, and M. Lubell for contributions to analyses. Thanks also to B.D. Shetty, and T. Kelly for contributing to data collection, and S. Oerding for graphical illustration. The contents of this paper are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 7 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 14830 DI 10.1038/srep14830 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CS8NI UT WOS:000362344300001 ER PT J AU Mobula, ML Brown, CA Burnham, G Phelps, BR AF Mobula, M. Linda Brown, Charlene A. Burnham, Gilbert Phelps, Benjamin R. TI Need for Reinforced Strategies to Support Delivery of HIV Clinical Services During the Ebola Outbreak in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone SO DISASTER MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS LA English DT Article DE delivery of health care; disaster medicine; emergency preparedness ID AFRICA AB The Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization. The Ebola outbreak has led to the disruption of already fragile but essential health services and drug distribution systems; HIV clinical services in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea were particularly affected. Targeted approaches are necessary to protect the continuity of HIV treatment for people living with HIV and should be integrated within the broader Ebola response; this will save lives, prevent drug resistance, and decrease the likelihood of HIV transmission. C1 [Mobula, M. Linda; Brown, Charlene A.; Phelps, Benjamin R.] US Agcy Int Dev, Tech Leadership & Res Div, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Mobula, M. Linda] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Burnham, Gilbert] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Mobula, ML (reprint author), 2100 Crystal Dr,CP3 9036, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM mmobula@usaid.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1935-7893 EI 1938-744X J9 DISASTER MED PUBLIC JI Dis. Med. Public Health Prep. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 9 IS 5 BP 522 EP 526 DI 10.1017/dmp.2015.35 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DF0NK UT WOS:000371035600013 PM 25782527 ER PT J AU Campillo, T Luna, E Portier, P Fischer-Le Saux, M Lapitan, N Tisserat, NA Leach, JE AF Campillo, Tony Luna, Emily Portier, Perrine Fischer-Le Saux, Marion Lapitan, Nora Tisserat, Ned A. Leach, Jan E. TI Erwinia iniecta sp nov., isolated from Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACALYMMA-VITTATUM COLEOPTERA; PEA APHID; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; FRANKLINIELLA-FUSCA; HEMIPTERA APHIDIDAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENOME SEQUENCE; TOBACCO THRIPS; AMYLOVORA; PANTOEA AB Short, Gram-negative-staining, rod-shaped bacteria were isolated from crushed bodies of Russian wheat aphid [Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov)] and artificial diets after Russian wheat aphid feeding. Based on multilocus sequence analysis involving the 16S rRNA, atpD, infB, gyrB and rpoB genes, these bacterial isolates constitute a novel clade in the genus Erwinia, and were most closely related to Erwinia toletana. Representative distinct strains within this clade were used for comparisons with related species of Erwinia. Phenotypic comparisons using four distinct strains and average nucleotide identity (ANI) measurements using two distinct draft genomes revealed that these strains form a novel species within the genus Erwinia. The name Erwinia iniecta sp. nov. is proposed, and strain B120(T) (=CFBP 8182(T)=NCCB 100485(T)) was designated the type strain. Erwinia iniecta sp. nov. was not pathogenic to plants. However, virulence to the Russian wheat aphid was observed. C1 [Campillo, Tony; Luna, Emily; Tisserat, Ned A.; Leach, Jan E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Campillo, Tony; Lapitan, Nora] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Portier, Perrine; Fischer-Le Saux, Marion] INRA, Inst Rech Hort & Semences, UMR1345, F-49000 Angers, France. [Portier, Perrine; Fischer-Le Saux, Marion] Agrocampus Ouest, Inst Rech Hort & Semences, UMR1345, Angers, France. [Portier, Perrine; Fischer-Le Saux, Marion] Univ Angers, Inst Rech Hort & Semences, UMR1345, QUASAV SFR4207, Angers, France. [Lapitan, Nora] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Food Secur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Leach, JE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jan.leach@colostate.edu FU Colorado State University Program for Research and Scholarly Excellence; Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee; Colorado Wheat Research Foundation; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [2010-34205-21350] FX We would like to thank Judith Lilly for Latin expertise, Frank Peairs and Jeff Rudolph for providing aphids and Jorge Ibarra, Marcell Zerillo, Lindsay Triplett, Paul Langlois, Geraldine Taghouti, Audrey Lathus and Cecile Dutrieux for technical help and helpful advice. This research was supported by funds provided by the Colorado State University Program for Research and Scholarly Excellence, the Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee, the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (contract number 2010-34205-21350). NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 EI 1466-5034 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 65 BP 3625 EP 3633 DI 10.1099/ijsem.0.000466 PN 10 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CY1FM UT WOS:000366152100063 PM 26198254 ER PT J AU Duan, WL He, B Takara, K Luo, PP Hu, MC Alias, NE Nover, D AF Duan, Weili He, Bin Takara, Kaoru Luo, Pingping Hu, Maochuan Alias, Nor Eliza Nover, Daniel TI Changes of precipitation amounts and extremes over Japan between 1901 and 2012 and their connection to climate indices SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Precipitation variation; Extreme indices; Climate indices; Continuous wavelet transform; Japan ID PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; SUMMER MONSOON; DAILY TEMPERATURE; RAINFALL; TRENDS; EVENTS; SERIES; FREQUENCY; WEATHER; REGION AB Annual and seasonal precipitation amounts and annual precipitation extreme indices for Japan were characterized for the period 1901-2012 using the Mann-Kendall Tau test, regional analysis, and probability distribution functions, and possible correlations with climate indices including the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), and the sea surface temperature were explored using wavelet analysis. The results indicate that precipitation amounts exhibited a substantial dec rease at both the annual and seasonal scales, and the fluctuation became more frequent and stronger in the recent decades. Precipitation tended to be concentrated in summer and autumn throughout Japan and the southwest had higher precipitation than the southeast in the spring, summer, and autumn, with precipitation concentrated in the southeast in the winter. On a regional scale, the number of heavy precipitation days, consecutive wet days and total wet-day precipitation indicated a decreasing trend, while an increasing trend for maximum 1- and 5-day precipitation amount, precipitation in very wet days and the number of consecutive dry days. These changes have been an important issue for supplying the demand of water resources in Japan. Continuous wavelet analysis shows that there were significant periodic variations at 2-3 and 5-13 years frequency in extreme precipitation. In addition, climate indices have significant correlations with extreme precipitation, for example, there is statistically significant association between the increasing extreme precipitation and SOI. C1 [Duan, Weili] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, State Key Lab Lake Sci & Environm, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Duan, Weili; He, Bin; Luo, Pingping] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, State Key Lab Lake Sci & Environm, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Duan, Weili; He, Bin] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Key Lab Watershed Geog Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Duan, Weili; Luo, Pingping; Hu, Maochuan] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Earth Resources Engn, Kyoto, Japan. [Duan, Weili; Takara, Kaoru; Alias, Nor Eliza] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Nover, Daniel] US Agcy Int Dev, Accra, Ghana. RP Duan, WL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, State Key Lab Lake Sci & Environm, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM duan.scut.cn@gmail.com; hebin@niglas.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41471460, 41130750]; "One Hundred Talents Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kyoto University Global COE program; China Scholarship Council (CSC) FX This study was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41471460, 41130750), the "One Hundred Talents Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Kyoto University Global COE program "Sustainability/Survivability Science for a Resilient Society Adaptable to Extreme Weather Conditions" and "Global Center for Education and Research on Human Security Engineering for Asian Megacities". We also wish to acknowledge Dr. Enric Aguilar and Dr. Masahito Ishihara for their comments. The first author would like to thank China Scholarship Council (CSC) for his PhD scholarships. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 45 IS 7-8 BP 2273 EP 2292 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2778-8 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT2WV UT WOS:000362667100035 ER PT J AU Sriruttan, C Naidoo, N Mpembe, R Smith, R Greene, G Adelekan, A Deyde, V Oladoyinbo, S Maotoe, T Chiller, TM Govender, NP AF Sriruttan, C. Naidoo, N. Mpembe, R. Smith, R. Greene, G. Adelekan, A. Deyde, V. Oladoyinbo, S. Maotoe, T. Chiller, T. M. Govender, N. P. TI Reflex Cryptococcal antigen screening among children and adolescents in two districts in Gauteng province, South-Africa SO MYCOSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sriruttan, C.; Naidoo, N.; Mpembe, R.; Govender, N. P.] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Smith, R.; Greene, G.; Adelekan, A.; Deyde, V.; Chiller, T. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Oladoyinbo, S.; Maotoe, T.] US Agcy Int Dev, Pretoria, South Africa. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0933-7407 EI 1439-0507 J9 MYCOSES JI Mycoses PD OCT PY 2015 VL 58 SU 4 SI SI MA P294 BP 159 EP 159 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Mycology SC Dermatology; Mycology GA CT4SF UT WOS:000362796800344 ER PT J AU Helinski, MH Namara, G Koenker, H Kilian, A Hunter, G Acosta, A Scandurra, L Selby, RA Mulondo, K Fotheringham, M Lynch, M AF Helinski, Michelle H. Namara, Geoffrey Koenker, Hannah Kilian, Albert Hunter, Gabrielle Acosta, Angela Scandurra, Leah Selby, Richmond Ato Mulondo, Kenneth Fotheringham, Megan Lynch, Matthew TI Impact of a behaviour change communication programme on net durability in eastern Uganda SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE LLIN; Malaria; ITN; Care and repair; Durability; BCC; Uganda ID SERVICEABLE LIFE; REPAIR BEHAVIOR; NASARAWA STATE; BURKINA-FASO; BED NETS; INTERVENTION; CARE; CAMPAIGN; NIGERIA; MAINTENANCE AB Background: The importance of net durability and the average useful life of a net is increasingly recognized as one of the critical factors that determine how often nets need to be replaced. A study to assess the effect of a net care and repair behaviour change communication (BCC) programme on net durability was conducted in one district in Eastern Uganda with a district in a neighbouring region serving as a comparison. Both districts had received LLINs in September of 2012. Methods: The intervention was comprised of radio programmes, school and community events. Two-stage cluster sampling household surveys to assess net condition, exposure to BCC messages, and attitudes towards net care and repair were conducted in both districts at baseline (2-3 months post net distribution) and endline (20-21 months post distribution). Net condition was assessed using the proportionate hole index, with nets being classified as either serviceable or too torn. Results: The intervention led to an additional 31.2 % increased exposure to net care and repair messages in the intervention district. Respondents in the intervention district had a more positive attitude towards net care and repair (32 % of respondents were classified as having a very positive attitude compared to 10 % in the comparison district), which was positively associated with the number of channels through which messages had been received (P < 0.001). Nets belonging to respondents with a very positive attitude were more often categorized as serviceable (80.2 %) compared to respondents with a poor/average attitude (66.4 %; odds ratio: 2.05, P = 0.028); however, this was only observed for the net brand with the greater physical integrity. Additionally, socio-economic status was a significant predictor of net condition. Although nets in the intervention district had significantly more repairs done per net, the act of repairing alone did not improve net condition. Conclusions: In conclusion, the evaluation showed that the BCC programme resulted in improved knowledge and attitudes towards care and repair, which impacted positively on net condition. Repairs alone were not sufficient to improve net condition. Additional research on which care behaviours and attitudes are most associated with improved net condition would help BCC planners hone their campaigns. C1 [Helinski, Michelle H.; Namara, Geoffrey; Selby, Richmond Ato] Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda. [Koenker, Hannah; Hunter, Gabrielle; Acosta, Angela; Scandurra, Leah; Lynch, Matthew] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kilian, Albert] Trop Hlth LLP, Montagut, Spain. [Kilian, Albert] Malaria Consortium, London, England. [Selby, Richmond Ato] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Commun Programs, Nairobi, Kenya. [Mulondo, Kenneth] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Commun Programs, Kampala, Uganda. [Mulondo, Kenneth] John Snow Int, Kampala, Uganda. [Fotheringham, Megan] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Acosta, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM aacosta4@jhu.edu FU USAID/PMI [GHS-A-00-09-00014-00] FX The authors wish to thank the Ministry of Health and the District Health and District Education authorities in the two districts in which the evaluation was conducted (Kaliro and Serere) for their support in the operational design and implementation of the programme and the evaluation surveys. Special thanks go to the village health teams, music groups, radio producers and school teachers in Serere district for volunteering their creativity and time to implementing the campaign, and the respondents of the household interviews. We thank Lawrence Barat for providing valuable feedback during preparation of the manuscript. This study is made possible by the generous support of the American people through USAID/PMI under the terms of Cooperative Agreement No. GHS-A-00-09-00014-00. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID/PMI or the United States Government. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD SEP 22 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 366 DI 10.1186/s12936-015-0899-5 PG 15 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CR8GK UT WOS:000361588900006 PM 26395330 ER PT J AU Soderlund, KM Sheyko, A King, EM Aurnou, JM AF Soderlund, Krista M. Sheyko, Andrey King, Eric M. Aurnou, Jonathan M. TI The competition between Lorentz and Coriolis forces in planetary dynamos SO PROGRESS IN EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Planetary dynamos; Core convection; Magnetic fields; Rotation; Magnetostrophic force balance ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; EARTHS CORE; THERMAL-CONVECTION; MODELS; GEODYNAMO; FLOWS; GENERATION; DRIVEN; MAGNETOCONVECTION; SIMULATIONS AB Fluid motions within planetary cores generate magnetic fields through dynamo action. These core processes are driven by thermo-compositional convection subject to the competing influences of rotation, which tends to organize the flow into axial columns, and the Lorentz force, which tends to inhibit the relative movement of the magnetic field and the fluid. It is often argued that these forces are predominant and approximately equal in planetary cores; we test this hypothesis using a suite of numerical geodynamo models to calculate the Lorentz to Coriolis force ratio directly. Our results show that this ratio can be estimated by Lambda(d)* similar or equal to Lambda(i)Rm(-1/2) (Lambda(i) is the traditionally defined Elsasser number for imposed magnetic fields and Rm is the system-scale ratio of magnetic induction to magnetic diffusion). Best estimates of core flow speeds and magnetic field strengths predict the geodynamo to be in magnetostrophic balance where the Lorentz and Coriolis forces are comparable. The Lorentz force may also be significant, i.e., within an order of magnitude of the Coriolis force, in the Jovian interior. In contrast, the Lorentz force is likely to be relatively weak in the cores of Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Ganymede, and Mercury. C1 [Soderlund, Krista M.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Sheyko, Andrey] ETH, Inst Geophys, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [King, Eric M.] US Agcy Int Dev, US Global Dev Lab, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Aurnou, Jonathan M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Soderlund, KM (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, JJ Pickle Res Campus,Bldg 196 ROC, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM krista@ig.utexas.edu NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 2197-4284 J9 PROG EARTH PLANET SC JI Prog. Earth Planet. Sci. PD SEP 2 PY 2015 VL 2 AR 24 DI 10.1186/s40645-015-0054-5 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CV0NA UT WOS:000363946200001 ER PT J AU Smith, E Musila, R Murunga, V Godbole, R AF Smith, Ellen Musila, Ruth Murunga, Violet Godbole, Ramona TI An Assessment of Family Planning Decision Makers' And Advocates' Needs and Strategies In Three East African Countries SO INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH POLICY; INEQUALITIES AB CONTEXT: Despite decades of evidence-based advocacy for family planning in developing countries, research on how decision makers perceive and respond to such efforts is lacking. METHODS: A literature review yielded 10 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 1999 and 2012 on decision makers' needs for and experiences with health advocacy and evidence. Two sets of questions about family planning research and advocacy one for decision makers and another for advocates were developed from emerging themes and used in structured interviews with 68 key informants in Ethiopia, Kenya and Malawi. RESULTS: Decision makers reported understanding family planning's value and confirmed that advocacy had helped to spur recent favorable shifts in government support of family planning. Key informants stressed that advocacy messages and formats must be tailored to the needs and interests of particular audiences to be effective. Messages must also consider barriers to decision makers'support for family planning: constituents' negative attitudes; fear that increased adherence to family planning will shrink the size and influence of specific voting blocs and ethnic groups; and competing economic, social, cultural, religious and political priorities. Decision makers reported valuing the contributions of international family planning organizations and donors, but were more comfortable receiving advocacy messages from local sources. CONCLUSIONS: According to decision makers, sustained and strategic family planning advocacy developed and delivered by culturally attuned national actors, with support from international actors, can diminish barriers to government support for family planning. C1 [Smith, Ellen] Palladium, Washington, DC USA. [Musila, Ruth] Management Serv Hlth, Arlington, VA USA. [Murunga, Violet] African Inst Dev Policy, Nairobi, Kenya. [Godbole, Ramona] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Smith, E (reprint author), Palladium, Washington, DC USA. EM ellen.smith@thepalladiumgroup.com NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 125 MAIDEN LANE, 7TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10038 USA SN 1944-0391 EI 1944-0405 J9 INT PERSPECT SEX R H JI Int. Perspect. Sex Reprod. Health PD SEP PY 2015 VL 41 IS 3 BP 136 EP 144 DI 10.1363/4113615 PG 9 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA DD4HM UT WOS:000369883100003 PM 26600567 ER PT J AU Schaefer, L AF Schaefer, Lois TI Task Sharing Implant Insertion by Community Health Workers: Not Just Can It Work, but How Might It Work Practically and With Impact in the Real World SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material AB Demonstrating that a health service, such as providing contraceptive implants, can be safely task shared to less highly trained workers is crucial but is only one step toward effective implementation at scale. Providers need dedicated time, enough clients, supplies, supervision, and other system support, allowing them to maintain their competency, confidence, and productivity. C1 [Schaefer, Lois] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Schaefer, L (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM lschaefer@usaid.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH JI Glob. Health PD SEP PY 2015 VL 3 IS 3 BP 327 EP 329 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00230 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CY2OW UT WOS:000366249000002 PM 26374793 ER PT J AU Chandra-Mouli, V Lane, C Wong, S AF Chandra-Mouli, Venkatraman Lane, Catherine Wong, Sylvia TI What Does Not Work in Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Review of Evidence on Interventions Commonly Accepted as Best Practices SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PEER EDUCATION INTERVENTIONS; HIV PREVENTION; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; CONTRACEPTIVE USE; PROGRAM; PREGNANCY; SERVICES; YOUTH; SHANGHAI; OUTCOMES AB Youth centers, peer education, and one-off public meetings have generally been ineffective in facilitating young people's access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, changing their behaviors, or influencing social norms around adolescent SRH. Approaches that have been found to be effective when well implemented, such as comprehensive sexuality education and youth-friendly services, have tended to flounder as they have considerable implementation requirements that are seldom met. For adolescent SRH programs to be effective, we need substantial effort through coordinated and complementary approaches. Unproductive approaches should be abandoned, proven approaches should be implemented with adequate fidelity to those factors that ensure effectiveness, and new approaches should be explored, to include greater attention to prevention science, engagement of the private sector, and expanding access to a wider range of contraceptive methods that respond to adolescents' needs. C1 [Chandra-Mouli, Venkatraman] WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Lane, Catherine] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Wong, Sylvia] United Nations Populat Fund, New York, NY USA. RP Lane, C (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM clane@usaid.gov FU World Health Organization [001] NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 14 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH JI Glob. Health PD SEP PY 2015 VL 3 IS 3 BP 333 EP 340 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00126 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CY2OW UT WOS:000366249000004 PM 26374795 ER PT J AU Pablos-Mendez, A Radloff, SR Khajavi, K Dunst, SA AF Pablos-Mendez, Ariel Radloff, Scott R. Khajavi, Kamiar Dunst, Sally Ann TI The Demographic Stretch of the Arc of Life: Social and Cultural Changes That Follow the Demographic Transition SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEALTH; CONSEQUENCES; ADULTHOOD; FERTILITY; TRENDS AB The demographic transition from high to low levels of mortality and fertility brings about changes that stretch the "arc of life," making each stage of life longer and creating new ones-a phenomenon we call "the demographic stretch." This stretch can transform societal structure, for example, by extending childhood, shifting working ages up, delaying marriage and childbearing, improving women's status and equity, and pushing the burden of chronic disease and disability to older ages. Global health efforts must address the resultant economic and social changes. C1 [Pablos-Mendez, Ariel; Khajavi, Kamiar] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Radloff, Scott R.; Dunst, Sally Ann] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Dunst, SA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM sdunst1@jhu.edu NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH JI Glob. Health PD SEP PY 2015 VL 3 IS 3 BP 341 EP 351 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-14-00175 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CY2OW UT WOS:000366249000005 PM 26374796 ER PT J AU Mahler, H Searle, S Plotkin, M Kulindwa, Y Greenberg, S Mlanga, E Njeuhmeli, E Lija, G AF Mahler, Hally Searle, Sarah Plotkin, Marya Kulindwa, Yusuph Greenberg, Seth Mlanga, Erick Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Lija, Gissenje TI Covering the Last Kilometer: Using GIS to Scale-Up Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Services in Iringa and Njombe Regions, Tanzania SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; HIV PREVENTION; TRIAL; MEN AB Interactive GIS maps created by overlapping facility data including roads and infrastructure with population and service delivery data permitted strategic deployment of mobile voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) services to underserved rural communities. The percentage of VMMCs performed in rural areas jumped from 48% in 2011 to 93% in 2014. Background: Based on the established protective effect of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) in reducing female-to-male HIV transmission, Tanzania's Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MOHSW) embarked on the scale-up of VMMC services in 2009. The Maternal and Child Health Integrated Project (MCHIP) supported the MOHSW to roll out VMMC services in Iringa and Njombe, 2 regions of Tanzania with among the highest HIV and lowest circumcision prevalence. With ambitious targets of reaching 264,990 males aged 10-34 years with VMMC in 5 years, efficient and innovative program approaches were necessary. Program Description: Outreach campaigns, in which mobile teams set up temporary services in facilities or non-facility settings, are used to reach lesser-served areas with VMMC. In 2012, MCHIP began using geographic information systems (GIS) to strategically plan the location of outreach campaigns. MCHIP gathered geocoded data on variables such as roads, road conditions, catchment population, staffing, and infrastructure for every health facility in Iringa and Njombe. These data were uploaded to a central database and overlaid with various demographic and service delivery data in order to identify the VMMC needs of the 2 regions. Findings: MCHIP used the interactive digital maps as decision-making tools to extend mobile VMMC outreach to "the last kilometer." As of September 2014, the MOHSW with MCHIP support provided VMMC to 267,917 men, 259,144 of whom were men were aged 10-34 years, an achievement of 98% of the target of eligible males in Iringa and Njombe. The project reached substantially more men through rural dispensaries and non-health care facilities each successive year after GIS was introduced in 2012, jumping from 48% of VMMCs performed in rural areas in fiscal year 2011 to 88% in fiscal year 2012 and to 93% by the end of the project in 2014. Conclusion: GIS was an effective tool for making strategic decisions about where to prioritize VMMC service delivery, particularly for mobile and outreach services. Donors may want to consider funding mapping initiatives that support numerous interventions across implementing partners to spread initial start-up costs. C1 [Mahler, Hally; Kulindwa, Yusuph] Jhpiego, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Searle, Sarah; Plotkin, Marya] Jhpiego, Baltimore, MD USA. [Greenberg, Seth; Mlanga, Erick] US Agcy Int Dev, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Lija, Gissenje] Tanzania Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Searle, S (reprint author), Jhpiego, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. EM sarah.searle@jhpiego.org FU PEPFAR NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH JI Glob. Health PD SEP PY 2015 VL 3 IS 3 BP 503 EP 515 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00151 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CY2OW UT WOS:000366249000016 PM 26374807 ER PT J AU Dary, O AF Dary, Omar TI Mexico continues to justify with evidence the interventions in nutrition SO SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO LA Spanish DT Editorial Material ID NATIONAL-HEALTH; CHILDREN; ANEMIA; DEFICIENCY; PREVALENCE C1 USAID, Bur Salud Global, Div Nutr, Washington, DC USA. RP Dary, O (reprint author), USAID, Bur Salud Global, Div Nutr, Washington, DC USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NACIONAL SALUD PUBLICA PI CUERNAVACA PA AV UNIVERSIDAD 655, COL SANTA MARIA AHUACATITLAN, CUERNAVACA 62508, MORELOS, MEXICO SN 0036-3634 EI 1606-7916 J9 SALUD PUBLICA MEXICO JI Salud Publica Mexico PD SEP-OCT PY 2015 VL 57 IS 5 BP 368 EP 371 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CU3OU UT WOS:000363435500007 PM 26544997 ER PT J AU Beyeler, N Gonzalez-Pier, E Alleyne, G Barraza-Llorens, M Frenk, J Pablos-Mendez, A Perez-Cuevas, R Regalia, F Sepulveda, J Jamison, D Yamey, G AF Beyeler, Naomi Gonzalez-Pier, Eduardo Alleyne, George Barraza-Llorens, Mariana Frenk, Julio Pablos-Mendez, Ariel Perez-Cuevas, Ricardo Regalia, Ferdinando Sepulveda, Jaime Jamison, Dean Yamey, Gavin TI Global health 2035: implications for Mexico SO SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO LA Spanish DT Editorial Material C1 [Beyeler, Naomi; Sepulveda, Jaime; Jamison, Dean] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Alleyne, George] Org Panamericana Salud, Washington, DC USA. [Frenk, Julio] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Pablos-Mendez, Ariel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Perez-Cuevas, Ricardo; Regalia, Ferdinando] Banco Interamer Desarrollo, Washington, DC USA. [Yamey, Gavin] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Yamey, G (reprint author), Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM gavin.yamey@duke.edu NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NACIONAL SALUD PUBLICA PI CUERNAVACA PA AV UNIVERSIDAD 655, COL SANTA MARIA AHUACATITLAN, CUERNAVACA 62508, MORELOS, MEXICO SN 0036-3634 EI 1606-7916 J9 SALUD PUBLICA MEXICO JI Salud Publica Mexico PD SEP-OCT PY 2015 VL 57 IS 5 BP 441 EP 443 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CU3OU UT WOS:000363435500016 PM 26545006 ER PT J AU Jamison, DT Summers, LH Alleyne, G Arrow, KJ Berkley, S Binagwaho, A Bustreo, F Evans, D Feachem, RGA Frenk, J Ghosh, G Goldie, SJ Guo, Y Gupta, S Horton, R Kruk, ME Mahmoud, A Mohohlo, LK Ncube, M Pablos-Mendez, A Reddy, KS Saxenian, H Soucat, A Ulltveit-Moe, KH Yamey, G AF Jamison, Dean T. Summers, Lawrence H. Alleyne, George Arrow, Kenneth J. Berkley, Seth Binagwaho, Agnes Bustreo, Flavia Evans, David Feachem, Richard G. A. Frenk, Julio Ghosh, Gargee Goldie, Sue J. Guo, Yan Gupta, Sanjeev Horton, Richard Kruk, Margaret E. Mahmoud, Adel Mohohlo, Linah K. Ncube, Mthuli Pablos-Mendez, Ariel Reddy, K. Srinath Saxenian, Helen Soucat, Agnes Ulltveit-Moe, Karen H. Yamey, Gavin TI Global health 2035: a world converging within a generation SO SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO LA Spanish DT Article DE Global health; financial resources in health; health systems ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; INSURANCE; NUTRITION; AFRICA; LIFE AB Prompted by the 20th anniversary of the 1993 World Development Report, a Lancet Commission revisited the case for investment in health and developed a new investment framework to achieve dramatic health gains by 2035. The Commission's report has four key messages, each accompanied by opportunities for action by national governments of low-income and middle-income countries and by the international community. First, there is an enormous economic payoff from investing in health.The impressive returns make a strong case for both increased domestic financing of health and for allocating a higher proportion of official development assistance to development of health. Second, modeling by the Commission found that a "grand convergence" in health is achievable by 2035 that is, a reduction in infectious, maternal, and child mortality down to universally low levels. Convergence would require aggressive scale up of existing and new health tools, and it could mostly be financed from the expected economic growth of low- and middle-income countries. The international community can best support convergence by funding the development and delivery of new health technologies and by curbing antibiotic resistance.Third, fiscal policies such as taxation of tobacco and alcohol-are a powerful and underused lever that governments can use to curb non-communicable diseases and injuries while also raising revenue for health. International action on NCDs and injuries should focus on providing technical assistance on fiscal policies, regional cooperation on tobacco, and funding policy and implementation research on scaling-up of interventions to tackle these conditions. Fourth, progressive universalism, a pathway to universal health coverage (UHC) that includes the poor from the outset, is an efficient way to achieve health and financial risk protection. For national governments, progressive universalism would yield high health gains per dollar spent and poor people would gain the most in terms of health and financial protection.The international community can best support countries to implement progressive UHC by financing policy and implementation research, such as on the mechanics of designing and implementing evolution of the benefits package as the resource envelope for public finance grows. C1 [Jamison, Dean T.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Summers, Lawrence H.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Alleyne, George] Univ W Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica. [Arrow, Kenneth J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Econ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Arrow, Kenneth J.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Hlth Policy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Berkley, Seth] GAVI Alliance, Execut Off, Geneva, Switzerland. [Binagwaho, Agnes] Minist Hlth, Kigali, Rwanda. [Bustreo, Flavia; Evans, David] Family Womens & Childrens Hlth, Geneva, Switzerland. [Bustreo, Flavia; Evans, David] Dept Hlth Syst Financing, Geneva, Switzerland. [Feachem, Richard G. A.; Yamey, Gavin] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Feachem, Richard G. A.; Yamey, Gavin] Univ Calif San Francisco, Global Hlth Grp, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Frenk, Julio; Goldie, Sue J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ghosh, Gargee] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Dev Policy & Finance, Washington, DC USA. [Guo, Yan] Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Gupta, Sanjeev] Int Monetary Fund, Fiscal Affairs Dept, Washington, DC 20431 USA. [Horton, Richard] The Lancet, London NW1 7BY, England. [Kruk, Margaret E.] Columbia Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Mahmoud, Adel] Princeton Univ, Dept Mol Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mahmoud, Adel] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mohohlo, Linah K.] Bank Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. [Ncube, Mthuli] Chief Economists Off, Tunis, Tunisia. [Pablos-Mendez, Ariel] African Dev Bank Grp, Tunis, Tunisia. [Pablos-Mendez, Ariel] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Reddy, K. Srinath] Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India. [Saxenian, Helen] Results Dev Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Soucat, Agnes] Univ Oslo, Dept Human Dev, Oslo, Norway. [Ulltveit-Moe, Karen H.] Univ Oslo, Dept Econ, Oslo, Norway. RP Yamey, G (reprint author), Global Hlth Group, Evidence Policy Initiat, 50 Beale St,Suite 1200,Box 1224, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM yameyg@globalhealth.ucsf.edu RI Kruk, Margaret/E-3058-2010 OI Kruk, Margaret/0000-0002-9549-8432 FU World Health Organization [001] NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 17 PU INST NACIONAL SALUD PUBLICA PI CUERNAVACA PA AV UNIVERSIDAD 655, COL SANTA MARIA AHUACATITLAN, CUERNAVACA 62508, MORELOS, MEXICO SN 0036-3634 EI 1606-7916 J9 SALUD PUBLICA MEXICO JI Salud Publica Mexico PD SEP-OCT PY 2015 VL 57 IS 5 BP 444 EP 467 PG 24 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CU3OU UT WOS:000363435500017 PM 26545007 ER PT J AU McPake, B Edoka, L Witter, S Kielmann, K Taegtmeyer, M Dieleman, M Vaughan, K Gama, E Kok, M Datiko, D Otiso, L Ahmed, R Squires, N Suraratdecha, C Cometto, G AF McPake, Barbara Edoka, Ljeoma Witter, Sophie Kielmann, Karina Taegtmeyer, Miriam Dieleman, Marjolein Vaughan, Kelsey Gama, Elvis Kok, Maryse Datiko, Daniel Otiso, Lillian Ahmed, Rukhsana Squires, Neil Suraratdecha, Chutima Cometto, Giorgio TI Cost-effectiveness of community-based practitioner programmes in Ethiopia, Indonesia and Kenya SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HEALTH WORKERS; CHILD SURVIVAL; EXTENSION PROGRAM; MANAGEMENT; NUTRITION; COVERAGE; TRIAL AB Objective To assess the cost effectiveness of community-based practitioner programmes in Ethiopia, Indonesia and Kenya. Methods Incremental cost effectiveness ratios for the three programmes were estimated from a government perspective. Cost data were collected for 2012. Life years gained were estimated based on coverage of reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health services. For Ethiopia and Kenya, estimates of coverage before and after the implementation of the programme were obtained from empirical studies. For Indonesia, coverage of health service interventions was estimated from routine data. We used the Lives Saved Tool to estimate the number of lives saved from changes in reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health-service coverage. Gross domestic product per capita was used as the reference willingness-to-pay threshold value. Findings The estimated incremental cost per life year gained was 82 international dollars ($)in Kenya, $999 in Ethiopia and $3396 in Indonesia. The results were most sensitive to uncertainty in the estimates of life-years gained. Based on the results of probabilistic sensitivity analysis, there was greater than 80% certainty that each programme was cost-effective. Conclusion Community-based approaches are likely to be cost-effective for delivery of some essential health interventions where community-based practitioners operate within an integrated team supported by the health system. Community-based practitioners may be most appropriate in rural poor communities that have limited access to more qualified health professionals. Further research is required to understand which programmatic design features are critical to effectiveness. C1 [McPake, Barbara] Univ Melbourne, Nossal Inst Global Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Edoka, Ljeoma; Witter, Sophie; Kielmann, Karina] Queen Margaret Univ, Inst Int Hlth & Dev, Edinburgh EH21 6UU, Midlothian, Scotland. [Taegtmeyer, Miriam; Gama, Elvis; Ahmed, Rukhsana] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Dept Int Publ Hlth, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Dieleman, Marjolein; Vaughan, Kelsey; Kok, Maryse] Royal Trop Inst, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Datiko, Daniel] Hidase Hulentenawi Agelglot Yebego Adragot Mahber, REACHOUT, Awasa, Ethiopia. [Otiso, Lillian] LVCT Hlth, REACHOUT, Nairobi, Kenya. [Squires, Neil] Publ Hlth England, London, North Of Englan, England. [Suraratdecha, Chutima] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Cometto, Giorgio] WHO, Global Hlth Workforce Alliance, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Edoka, L (reprint author), Queen Margaret Univ, Inst Int Hlth & Dev, Queen Margaret Dr Musselburgh, Edinburgh EH21 6UU, Midlothian, Scotland. EM ledoka@qmu.ac.uk OI McPake, Barbara/0000-0002-9904-1077 FU United Kingdom's Department for International Development; European Union FX The United Kingdom's Department for International Development. The REACHOUT programme is funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 EI 1564-0604 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 93 IS 9 BP 631 EP 639 DI 10.2471/BLT.14.144899 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CT2FM UT WOS:000362617400016 PM 26478627 ER PT J AU Aurnou, JM Calkins, MA Cheng, JS Julien, K King, EM Nieves, D Soderlund, KM Stellmach, S AF Aurnou, J. M. Calkins, M. A. Cheng, J. S. Julien, K. King, E. M. Nieves, D. Soderlund, K. M. Stellmach, S. TI Rotating convective turbulence in Earth and planetary cores SO PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS LA English DT Review DE Core dynamics; Convection; Turbulence; Dynamo theory ID RAYLEIGH-BENARD CONVECTION; ROTATIONALLY CONSTRAINED FLOWS; LARGE-SCALE VORTICES; HIGH-LATITUDE JETS; UNIFORM HEAT-FLUX; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SPHERICAL-SHELLS; GIANT PLANETS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; THERMAL-CONVECTION AB An accurate description of turbulent core convection is necessary in order to build robust models of planetary core processes. Towards this end, we focus here on the physics of rapidly rotating convection. In particular, we present a closely coupled suite of advanced asymptotically-reduced theoretical models, efficient Cartesian direct numerical simulations (DNS) and laboratory experiments. Good convergence is demonstrated between these three approaches, showing that a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics appears to be within reach in our simplified rotating convection system. The goal of this paper is to review these findings, and to discuss their possible implications for planetary cores dynamics. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Aurnou, J. M.] Inst Rech Phenomene Hors Equilibre, Marseille, France. [Aurnou, J. M.; Cheng, J. S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Calkins, M. A.; Julien, K.; Nieves, D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [King, E. M.] US Agcy Int Dev, US Global Dev Lab, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Soderlund, K. M.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Stellmach, S.] Univ Munster, Inst Geophys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RP Aurnou, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM jona@epss.ucla.edu FU US National Science Foundation (CSEDI award) [1067944]; US National Science Foundation (AST award) [1067944]; German Science Foundation [STE1976/1-2] FX We gratefully acknowledge funding for this project from the US National Science Foundation (CSEDI award #1067944 and AST award #1067944) as well as the German Science Foundation (award #STE1976/1-2). Numerical simulations were carried out thanks to computing allocations from the John von Neuman Institute in Julich and the NASA High-End Computing Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division at Ames Research Center. The reviews of three anonymous referees and discussions with Benjamin Favier greatly improved this manuscript. Finally, JMA thanks Judge Martin Herscovitz at the Van Nuys Courthouse West for providing the perfect venue for writing the first draft of this paper during jury service [not guilty]. NR 130 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-9201 EI 1872-7395 J9 PHYS EARTH PLANET IN JI Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 246 BP 52 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.pepi.2015.07.001 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CS5SJ UT WOS:000362138000006 ER PT J AU Payne, RO Milne, KH Elias, SC Edwards, NJ Douglas, AD Brown, RE Silk, SE Biswas, S Miura, K Roberts, R Rampling, TW Venkatraman, N Hodgson, SH Labbe, GM Halstead, FD Ockenhouse, CF Kathcart, AK Qabar, AN Waters, NC Soisson, LA Woods, C Birkett, AJ Long, CA Vekemans, J Diggs, CL Hill, AVS Lawrie, AM Dutta, S Draper, SJ AF Payne, R. O. Milne, K. H. Elias, S. C. Edwards, N. J. Douglas, A. D. Brown, R. E. Silk, S. E. Biswas, S. Miura, K. Roberts, R. Rampling, T. W. Venkatraman, N. Hodgson, S. H. Labbe, G. M. Halstead, F. D. Ockenhouse, C. F. Kathcart, A. K. Qabar, A. N. Waters, N. C. Soisson, L. A. Woods, C. Birkett, A. J. Long, C. A. Vekemans, J. Diggs, C. L. Hill, A. V. S. Lawrie, A. M. Dutta, S. Draper, S. J. TI Assessment of FMP2.1/AS01B, an asexual blood-stage malaria vaccine, in a phase I/II a clinical trial using blood-stage controlled human malaria infection SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Payne, R. O.; Milne, K. H.; Elias, S. C.; Edwards, N. J.; Douglas, A. D.; Brown, R. E.; Silk, S. E.; Biswas, S.; Roberts, R.; Rampling, T. W.; Venkatraman, N.; Hodgson, S. H.; Labbe, G. M.; Halstead, F. D.; Hill, A. V. S.; Lawrie, A. M.; Draper, S. J.] Univ Oxford, Jenner Inst, Oxford, England. [Miura, K.; Long, C. A.] NIH, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, Washington, DC USA. [Ockenhouse, C. F.; Kathcart, A. K.; Qabar, A. N.; Waters, N. C.; Dutta, S.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Mil Malaria Res Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Soisson, L. A.; Diggs, C. L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Woods, C.; Birkett, A. J.] PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiat, Washington, DC USA. [Vekemans, J.] GSK, Rixensart, Belgium. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2276 EI 1365-3156 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD SEP PY 2015 VL 20 SU 1 SI SI BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA CQ7BW UT WOS:000360758800052 ER PT J AU Mesia, K Albert, LK Likwela, JL Atua, M Gasigwa, B Kutekemeni, K Mantshumba, B Kalonji, A Tchofa, J Julo-Reminiac, JE Ringwald, P Muyembe, JJ AF Mesia, K. Albert, L. Kilauzi Likwela, J. L. Atua, M. Gasigwa, B. Kutekemeni, K. Mantshumba, B. Kalonji, A. Tchofa, J. Julo-Reminiac, J. E. Ringwald, P. Muyembe, J. J. TI Efficacy and safety of artesunate plus amodiaquine and artemether plus lumefantrine in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo: an open-label randomized trial SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE malaria drug efficacy; safety; artesunate plus amodiaquine; artemether plus lumefantrine; RD Congo C1 [Mesia, K.] Univ Kinshasa, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO. [Mesia, K.] Natl Ctr Pharmacovigilance, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO. [Albert, L. Kilauzi; Muyembe, J. J.] INRB, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO. [Albert, L. Kilauzi] Minist Hlth DR Congo, Natl Malaria Control Programme, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO. [Likwela, J. L.; Atua, M.; Gasigwa, B.; Kutekemeni, K.] Minist Hlth, Natl Malaria Control Programme, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO. [Likwela, J. L.] Univ Kisangani, Fac Med, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO. [Mantshumba, B.] WHO, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO. [Kalonji, A.] SANRU, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO. [Tchofa, J.] USAID, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO. [Julo-Reminiac, J. E.] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO. [Ringwald, P.] WHO, Global Malaria Programme, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2276 EI 1365-3156 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD SEP PY 2015 VL 20 SU 1 SI SI MA PST5.006 BP 169 EP 169 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA CQ7BW UT WOS:000360758800409 ER PT J AU Ahmed, S Ahmed, S McKaig, C Begum, N Mungia, J Norton, M Baqui, AH AF Ahmed, Saifuddin Ahmed, Salahuddin McKaig, Catharine Begum, Nazma Mungia, Jaime Norton, Maureen Baqui, Abdullah H. TI The Effect of Integrating Family Planning with a Maternal and Newborn Health Program on Postpartum Contraceptive Use and Optimal Birth Spacing in Rural Bangladesh SO STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SERVICE-DELIVERY; CHILD HEALTH; PREGNANCY; OUTCOMES; INFANT; CARE; INTERVENTION; METAANALYSIS; MORTALITY AB Meeting postpartum contraceptive need remains a major challenge in developing countries, where the majority of women deliver at home. Using a quasi-experimental trial design, we examine the effect of integrating family planning (FP) with a community-based maternal and newborn health (MNH) program on improving postpartum contraceptive use and reducing short birth intervals <24 months. In this two-arm trial, community health workers (CHWs) provided integrated FP counseling and services during home visits along with their outreach MNH activities in the intervention arm, but provided only MNH services in the control arm. The contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) in the intervention arm was 15 percent higher than in the control arm at 12 months, and the difference in CPRs remained statistically significant throughout the 24 months of observation. The short birth interval of less than 24 months was significantly lower in the intervention arm. The study demonstrates that it is feasible and effective to integrate FP services into a community-based MNH care program for improving postpartum contraceptive use and lengthening birth intervals. C1 [Ahmed, Saifuddin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Populat Family & Reprod Hlth, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Ahmed, Salahuddin; Begum, Nazma] Johns Hopkins Univ Bangladesh, Projahnmo Study Grp, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [McKaig, Catharine; Mungia, Jaime] Jhpiego, Baltimore, MD USA. [Norton, Maureen] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Baqui, Abdullah H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Ahmed, S (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Populat Family & Reprod Hlth, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 North Wolfe St E4642, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM sahmed@jhsph.edu FU Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition, Global Health Bureau, United States Agency for International Development (USAID) [GHS-A-00-08-00002-00] FX This publication was made possible through support provided by the Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition, Global Health Bureau, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the terms of Award No, GHS-A-00-08-00002-00, Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP)-Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID. We thank USAID; the staff of the Healthy Fertility Study; Amnesty LeFevre; Emma Williams; representatives of the Bangladesh Ministry of Health and Family Welfare at the subdistrict, district, and central levels; and members of the collaborating NGO Shimantik's executive committee for their valuable help and advice. We also thank Nicole Simmons and Sarah Bradley for comments on an earlier version of this article. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0039-3665 EI 1728-4465 J9 STUD FAMILY PLANN JI Stud. Fam. Plan. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 46 IS 3 BP 297 EP 312 DI 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2015.00031.x PG 16 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CR0KU UT WOS:000361008300004 PM 26347092 ER PT J AU Naimoli, JF Perry, HB Townsend, JW Frymus, DE McCaffery, JA AF Naimoli, Joseph F. Perry, Henry B. Townsend, John W. Frymus, Diana E. McCaffery, James A. TI Strategic partnering to improve community health worker programming and performance: features of a community-health system integrated approach SO HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH LA English DT Review DE Community health workers; Performance; Communities; Health systems ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; SOUTH-AFRICA; CARE; IMPACT; PARTICIPATION; INTERVENTIONS; SERVICES; SECTOR; TRIAL AB Background: There is robust evidence that community health workers (CHWs) in low-and middle-income (LMIC) countries can improve their clients' health and well-being. The evidence on proven strategies to enhance and sustain CHW performance at scale, however, is limited. Nevertheless, CHW stakeholders need guidance and new ideas, which can emerge from the recognition that CHWs function at the intersection of two dynamic, overlapping systems - the formal health system and the community. Although each typically supports CHWs, their support is not necessarily strategic, collaborative or coordinated. Methods: We explore a strategic community health system partnership as one approach to improving CHW programming and performance in countries with or intending to mount large-scale CHW programmes. To identify the components of the approach, we drew on a year-long evidence synthesis exercise on CHW performance, synthesis records, author consultations, documentation on large-scale CHW programmes published after the synthesis and other relevant literature. We also established inclusion and exclusion criteria for the components we considered. We examined as well the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing each component. Results: We identified a minimum package of four strategies that provide opportunities for increased cooperation between communities and health systems and address traditional weaknesses in large-scale CHW programmes, and for which implementation is feasible at sub-national levels over large geographic areas and among vulnerable populations in the greatest need of care. We postulate that the CHW performance benefits resulting from the simultaneous implementation of all four strategies could outweigh those that either the health system or community could produce independently. The strategies are (1) joint ownership and design of CHW programmes, (2) collaborative supervision and constructive feedback, (3) a balanced package of incentives, and (4) a practical monitoring system incorporating data from communities and the health system. Conclusions: We believe that strategic partnership between communities and health systems on a minimum package of simultaneously implemented strategies offers the potential for accelerating progress in improving CHW performance at scale. Comparative, retrospective and prospective research can confirm the potential of these strategies. More experience and evidence on strategic partnership can contribute to our understanding of how to achieve sustainable progress in health with equity. C1 [Naimoli, Joseph F.; Frymus, Diana E.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Perry, Henry B.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Townsend, John W.] Populat Council, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [McCaffery, James A.] Training Resources Grp, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Naimoli, JF (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jnaimoli@usaid.gov NR 94 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1478-4491 J9 HUM RESOUR HEALTH JI Hum. Resour. Health PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 13 AR 46 DI 10.1186/s12960-015-0041-3 PG 13 WC Health Policy & Services; Industrial Relations & Labor SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Business & Economics GA CQ1IN UT WOS:000360350600002 PM 26323276 ER PT J AU Yoder, PS Nsabagasani, X Eckert, E Moran, A Ye, Y AF Yoder, P. Stanley Nsabagasani, Xavier Eckert, Erin Moran, Allisyn Ye, Yazoume TI Perspectives of health care providers on the provision of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy in health facilities in Malawi SO BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Malawi; Malaria; IPTp; Antenatal care; Service providers ID MALARIA; WOMEN AB Background: Nearly 20 years after the adoption by the government of Malawi of the provision of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) for malaria, only 55 % of pregnant women received at least two doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in 2010. Although several reasons for the low coverage have been suggested, few studies have examined the views of health care providers. This study examined the experiences of the nurses and midwives in providing antenatal care (ANC) services. Methods: This study was conducted in health facilities in Malawi that provide routine ANC services. Providers of ANC in Malawi were selected from in eight health care facilities of Malawi. Selected providers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide designed to address a series of themes related to their working conditions and their delivery of IPTp. Results: Nurses displayed detailed knowledge of ANC services and the rationale behind them. Nurses understood that they should provide two doses of IPTp during a pregnancy, but they did not agree on the timing of the doses. Nurses gave SP as directly observed therapy (DOT) at the clinic. Nurses did not give SP pills to women to take home with them because they did not trust that women would take the pills. Women who resisted taking SP explained they do not take drugs if they had not eaten, or they feared side effects, or they were not sick. Reasons for not giving the first or second dose of SP included a delay in the first ANC visit, testing positive for HIV, and presenting with malaria. None of the nurses were able to show any specific written guidelines on when to give SP. The challenges faced by the nurses include being overworked and persuading women to take SP under observation. Conclusion: The findings show that the nurses had gained the knowledge and technical skills to provide appropriate ANC services. With regard to IPTp, nurses need guidelines that would be available at the health facility about how and when to give SP. The adoption of the WHO guidelines and their diffusion to health care facilities could help increase the coverage of IPTp2 (at least two doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine) in Malawi. C1 [Yoder, P. Stanley; Ye, Yazoume] ICF Int, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Nsabagasani, Xavier] Makerere Univ, Kampala, Uganda. [Eckert, Erin; Moran, Allisyn] USAID, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. RP Yoder, PS (reprint author), ICF Int, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM pstanleyyoder@gmail.com FU Bureau for Global Health of USAID Washington, District of Columbia, USA through MEASURE Evaluation FX The research on which this study is based was financed by the Bureau for Global Health of USAID Washington, District of Columbia, USA through MEASURE Evaluation. Erin Eckert and Allisyn Moran of USAID wrote the original concept note for the study and commented on the study design development. We very much appreciate the advice and counsel provided from MEASURE Evaluation by Heidi Reynolds. We thank the individuals who work at the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Malawi who guided the implementation of the Service Provision Assessment (SPA) in Malawi. James Chirombo of the MOH and key Ministry personnel directed the SPA and facilitated our contacts in the MOH and arranged for contacts with health care facilities. Paul Ametepi, the director of SPA surveys for ICF International, arranged for the initial contacts in the MOH in Lilongwe. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6963 J9 BMC HEALTH SERV RES JI BMC Health Serv. Res. PD AUG 29 PY 2015 VL 15 AR 354 DI 10.1186/s12913-015-0986-x PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA CQ0CH UT WOS:000360262200001 PM 26318623 ER PT J AU Onovo, AA Nta, IE Onah, AA Okolo, CA Aliyu, A Dakum, P Atobatele, AO Gado, P AF Onovo, Amobi Andrew Nta, Iboro Ekpo Onah, Aaron Anyebe Okolo, Chukwuemeka Arinze Aliyu, Ahmad Dakum, Patrick Atobatele, Akinyemi Olumuyiwa Gado, Pamela TI Partner HIV serostatus disclosure and determinants of serodiscordance among prevention of mother to child transmission clients in Nigeria SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; DISCORDANT COUPLES; WOMEN; AFRICA; INFECTION; TRIAL AB Background: Serodiscordance exists when the known HIV result of one member of a couple pair is positive while that of his/her partner is negative. In sub-Saharan Africa, in stable long-term couple partnerships (married or cohabiting), serodiscordance is a growing source of HIV-transmissions. This study aimed to ascertain across Nigeria, serodiscordance prevalence, partner HIV status disclosure and explore associations between suspected determinants and serodiscordance among PMTCT enrolled HIV positive pregnant women and their partners. Methods: A retrospective Quality of Care performance evaluation was conducted in July 2013 among 544 HIV positive pregnant enrolees of PMTCT services in 62 comprehensive facilities across 5 of Nigeria's 6 geo-political zones. Data of client-partner pairs were abstracted from pre-existing medical records and analysed using chi-square statistics and logistic regression. Results: A total of 544 (22 %) of 2499 clients with complete partner details were analysed. Clients' age ranged from 15 to 50 years with a mean of 30 years. Serodiscordant prevalence was 52 % and chi-square test suggests no significant difference between serodiscordant and seroconcordant clients and their partners (p = 0.265). Serodiscordant rates were closely associated trend wise with national HIV sero-prevalence rates and the median CD4+ count was 425 ul/mm(3) (IQR: 290-606 ul/mm(3)). Similar proportion of clients (99 %) received testing and agreed to disclose status to their partners. Yet, there was no association between clients agreement to disclose HIV status to their partners and these partners getting tested and receiving results (p = 0.919). Significantly, 87 % of clients in concordant HIV positive relationships appeared to be symptomatic (WHO clinical stage 3 or 4) compared to 13 % clients in HIV-discordant relationships (p < 0.003). Client's age and CD4+ count did not aptly predict serodiscordance (Wald = 0.011 and 0.436 respectively). However, the WHO clinical staging appeared to be a better predictor of serodiscordance and concordance than other variables (Wald = 3.167). Conclusions: The results suggest that clinical staging (WHO) could be a better predictor of client-partner pair discordant or concordant HIV serostatus. Early partner testing and notification can avert seroconversion, hence properly designed and mainstreamed interventions that target serodiscordant couples are essential. C1 [Onovo, Amobi Andrew] Univ Calabar, Dept Publ Hlth, Calabar, Cross Rivers, Nigeria. [Nta, Iboro Ekpo; Onah, Aaron Anyebe] IHVN, Dept Hlth Syst Strengthening, Abuja, Fct, Nigeria. [Okolo, Chukwuemeka Arinze; Aliyu, Ahmad] IHVN, Strateg Informat, Abuja, Fct, Nigeria. [Dakum, Patrick] IHVN, Off CEO, Abuja, Fct, Nigeria. [Atobatele, Akinyemi Olumuyiwa; Gado, Pamela] USAID, Abuja, Fct, Nigeria. [Onovo, Amobi Andrew] A39 Lazarus Mouka Crescent, Abuja 900286, Fct, Nigeria. RP Onovo, AA (reprint author), Univ Calabar, Dept Publ Hlth, Calabar, Cross Rivers, Nigeria. EM amobi_onovo@yahoo.com FU CDC FX The primary survey was the Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) nationwide HIV Quality of Care performance evaluation exercise delivered through its National Quality Improvement program. The CDC provides a grant for this. Authors were wholly responsible for the costs of the abstraction, communication, data collation, analysis and other associated costs. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD AUG 28 PY 2015 VL 15 AR 827 DI 10.1186/s12889-015-2155-x PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CP7GP UT WOS:000360055500001 PM 26310673 ER PT J AU Shah, JA Emina, JBO Eckert, E Ye, Y AF Shah, Jui A. Emina, Jacques B. O. Eckert, Erin Ye, Yazoume TI Prompt access to effective malaria treatment among children under five in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country analysis of national household survey data SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Malaria treatment; Prompt treatment; Under-five children; SSA; Malaria-endemic country; Anti-malarial; ACT ID TREATMENT-SEEKING BEHAVIOR; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; HEALTH-SERVICES; KENYA; AVAILABILITY; PREVALENCE; TANZANIA; MOTHERS; AMFM; AGE AB Background: Scaling up diagnostic testing and treatment is a key strategy to reduce the burden of malaria. Delays in accessing treatment can have fatal consequences; however, few studies have systematically assessed these delays among children under five years of age in malaria-endemic countries of sub-Saharan Africa. This study identifies predictors of prompt treatment with first-line artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) and describes profiles of children who received this recommended treatment. Methods: This study uses data from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey, Malaria Indicator Survey, or Anaemia and Parasite Prevalence Survey conducted in 13 countries. A Chi square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) model was used to identify factors associated with prompt and effective treatment among children under five years of age. Results: The percentage of children with fever who received any anti-malarial treatment varies from 3.6 % (95 % CI 2.8-4.4 %) in Ethiopia to 64.5 % (95 % CI 62.7-66.2 %) in Uganda. Among those who received prompt treatment with any anti-malarial medicine, the percentage who received ACT ranged from 32.2 % (95 % CI 26.1-38.4 %) in Zambia to nearly 100 % in Tanzania mainland and Zanzibar. The CHAID analysis revealed that country of residence is the best predictor of prompt and effective treatment (p < 0.001). Depending on the country, the second best predictor was maternal education (p = 0.004), place of residence (p = 0.008), or household wealth index (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study reveals that country of residence, maternal education, place of residence, and socio-economic status are key predictors of prompt access to malaria treatment. Achieving universal coverage and the elimination agenda will require effective monitoring to detect disparities early and sustained investments in routine data collection and policy formulation. C1 [Shah, Jui A.; Ye, Yazoume] MEASURE Evaluat ICF Int, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Emina, Jacques B. O.] Univ Kinshasa, Dept Populat & Dev Studies, Kinshasa, Zaire. [Eckert, Erin] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shah, JA (reprint author), MEASURE Evaluat ICF Int, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM jui.shah@icfi.com RI Mireku, Michael/D-5262-2016 FU US President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) through the US Agency for International Development (USAID) [AIDOAA-L-14-00004] FX This research has been supported by the US President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) through the US Agency for International Development (USAID) under the terms of MEASURE Evaluation cooperative agreement AIDOAA-L-14-00004. Views expressed are not necessarily those of PMI, USAID, or the US Government. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD AUG 25 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 329 DI 10.1186/s12936-015-0844-7 PG 14 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CP5CJ UT WOS:000359898600001 PM 26303581 ER PT J AU Kinney, MV Cocoman, O Dickson, KE Daelmans, B Zaka, N Rhoda, NR Moxon, SG Kak, L Lawn, JE Khadka, N Darmstadt, GL AF Kinney, Mary V. Cocoman, Olive Dickson, Kim E. Daelmans, Bernadette Zaka, Nabila Rhoda, Natasha R. Moxon, Sarah G. Kak, Lily Lawn, Joy E. Khadka, Neena Darmstadt, Gary L. TI Implementation of the Every Newborn Action Plan: Progress and lessons learned SO SEMINARS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Newborn; Maternal; Stillbirth; Implementation; Mortality; Survival; Targets; Bottlenecks; Indicators ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BENZYLPENICILLIN PLUS GENTAMICIN; COMMUNITY-HEALTH WORKERS; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; YOUNG INFANTS; SCALE-UP; EQUIVALENCE TRIAL; STILLBIRTH RATES; SOUTHERN NEPAL; PRETERM BIRTH AB Progress in reducing newborn mortality has lagged behind progress in reducing maternal and child deaths. The Every Newborn Action Plan (ENAP) was launched in 2014, with the aim of achieving equitable and high-quality coverage of care for all women and newborns through links with other global and national plans and measurement and accountability frameworks. This article aims to assess country progress and the mechanisms in place to support country implementation of the SNAP. A country tracking tool was developed and piloted in October December 2014 to collect data on the ENAP-related national milestones and implementation barriers in 18 high-burden countries. Simultaneously, a mapping exercise involving 47 semi-structured interviews with partner organizations was carried out to frame the categories of technical support available in countries to support care at and around the time of birth by health system building blocks. Existing literature and reports were assessed to further supplement analysis of country progress. A total of 15 out of 18 high-burden countries have taken concrete actions to advance newborn health; four have developed specific action plans with an additional six in process and a further three strengthening newborn components within existing plans. Eight high-burden countries have a newborn mortality target, but only three have a stillbirth target. The ENAP implementation in countries is well-supported by UN agencies, particularly UNICEF and WHO, as well as multilateral and bilateral agencies, especially in health workforce training. New financial commitments from development partners and the private sector are substantial but tracking of national funding remains a challenge. For interventions with strong evidence, low levels of coverage persists and health information systems require investment and support to improve quality and quantity of data to guide and track progress. Some of the highest burden countries have established newborn health action plans and are scaling up evidence based interventions. Further progress will only be made with attention to context-specific implementation challenges, especially in areas that have been neglected to date such as quality improvement, sustained investment in training and monitoring health worker skills, support to budgeting and health financing, and strengthening of health information systems. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kinney, Mary V.; Moxon, Sarah G.; Lawn, Joy E.] Save Children, Saving Newborn Lives, Washington, DC USA. [Cocoman, Olive; Daelmans, Bernadette] WHO, Maternal Child & Adolescent Hlth Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Dickson, Kim E.; Zaka, Nabila] UNICEF HQ, Programmes Div, New York, NY USA. [Rhoda, Natasha R.] Univ Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hosp, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Moxon, Sarah G.; Lawn, Joy E.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, MARCH Ctr, London WC1, England. [Moxon, Sarah G.; Lawn, Joy E.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London WC1, England. [Kak, Lily] US Agcy Int Dev, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Khadka, Neena] USAIDs Flagship Maternal Child Survival Programm, Washington, DC USA. [Khadka, Neena] Save Children, Washington, DC USA. [Darmstadt, Gary L.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Darmstadt, Gary L.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, March Dimes Prematur Res Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kinney, MV (reprint author), Save Children, Saving Newborn Lives, Washington, DC USA. EM Mkinney@savechildren.org FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, USA; Save the Children's Saving Newborn Lives Program; Children's Investment Fund Foundation; United States Agency for International Development, USA FX Analyses described in this article were supported through a grant to the United States Fund for the United Nations Children's Fund from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, USA with additional support from Save the Children's Saving Newborn Lives Program, the Children's Investment Fund Foundation and the United States Agency for International Development, USA. NR 81 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0146-0005 EI 1558-075X J9 SEMIN PERINATOL JI Semin. Perinatol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 39 IS 5 BP 326 EP 337 DI 10.1053/j.semperi.2015.06.004 PG 12 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA CP4UE UT WOS:000359877300002 PM 26249104 ER PT J AU Mobula, LM AF Mobula, Linda M. TI When Potentially Lifesaving Drugs are Both Experimental and in Very Short Supply: A Clinician's Story from the Front Lines of the Battle against Ebola SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mobula, Linda M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Tech Leadership & Res Div, Off HIV AIDS, Arlington, VA USA. [Mobula, Linda M.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Mobula, LM (reprint author), 2100 Crystal Dr,Cube 9036, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM mmobula@usaid.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 93 IS 2 BP 210 EP 211 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0302 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA CO7GK UT WOS:000359327400004 PM 26033025 ER PT J AU Handley, K Boerma, T Victora, C Evans, TG AF Handley, Kathleen Boerma, Ties Victora, Cesar Evans, Timothy Grant TI An inflection point for country health data SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Handley, Kathleen] USAID, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Boerma, Ties] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Victora, Cesar] Univ Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. [Evans, Timothy Grant] World Bank Grp, Washington, DC USA. RP Handley, K (reprint author), USAID, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM khandley@usaid.gov RI Victora, Cesar/D-4476-2013; OI Victora, Cesar/0000-0002-2465-2180 FU Wellcome Trust [101815]; World Health Organization [001] NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2214-109X J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH JI Lancet Glob. Health PD AUG PY 2015 VL 3 IS 8 BP E437 EP E438 DI 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00067-4 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CM9DM UT WOS:000358006700009 PM 26063456 ER PT J AU Byabagambi, J Marks, P Megere, H Karamagi, E Byakika, S Opio, A Calnan, J Njeuhmeli, E AF Byabagambi, John Marks, Pamela Megere, Humphrey Karamagi, Esther Byakika, Sarah Opio, Alex Calnan, Jacqueline Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Improving the Quality of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision through Use of the Continuous Quality Improvement Approach: A Pilot in 30 PEPFAR-Supported Sites in Uganda SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE; SAFETY AB Background Uganda adopted voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) (also called Safe Male Circumcision in Uganda), as part of its HIV prevention strategy in 2010. Since then, the Ministry of Health (MOH) has implemented VMMC mostly with support from the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through its partners. In 2012, two PEPFAR-led external quality assessments evaluated compliance of service delivery sites with minimum quality standards. Quality gaps were identified, including lack of standardized forms or registers, lack of documentation of client consent, poor preparedness for emergencies and use of untrained service providers. In response, PEPFAR, through a USAID-supported technical assistance project, provided support in quality improvement to the MOH and implementing partners to improve quality and safety in VMMC services and build capacity of MOH staff to continuously improve VMMC service quality. Methods and Findings Sites were supported to identify barriers in achieving national standards, identify possible solutions to overcome the barriers and carry out improvement plans to test these changes, while collecting performance data to objectively measure whether they had bridged gaps. A 53-indicator quality assessment tool was used by teams as a management tool to measure progress; teams also measured client-level indicators through self-assessment of client records. At baseline (February-March 2013), less than 20 percent of sites scored in the "good" range (>80%) for supplies and equipment, patient counseling and surgical procedure; by November 2013, the proportion of sites scoring "good" rose to 67 percent, 93 percent and 90 percent, respectively. Significant improvement was noted in post-operative follow-up at 48 hours, sexually transmitted infection assessment, informed consent and use of local anesthesia but not rate of adverse events. Conclusion Public sector providers can be engaged to address the quality of VMMC using a continuous quality improvement approach. C1 [Byabagambi, John; Megere, Humphrey; Karamagi, Esther] Univ Res Co LLC URC, USAID Applying Sci Strengthen & Improve Syst ASSI, Kampala, Uganda. [Marks, Pamela] Univ Res Co LLC URC, USAID Applying Sci Strengthen & Improve Syst ASSI, Bethesda, MD USA. [Byakika, Sarah; Opio, Alex] Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. [Calnan, Jacqueline] US Agcy Int Dev, Hlth Team, Kampala, Uganda. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Njeuhmeli, E (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM enjeuhmeli@usaid.gov FU American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID); U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) FX The work described in this article was supported by the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) with funding support from the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). It was implemented under the USAID Applying Science to Strengthen and Improve Systems (ASSIST) Project, managed by URC under the terms of Cooperative Agreement Number AIDOAAA1200101. Donor staff played an important role in the study design, data analysis, decision to publish and review of the manuscript. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 24 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0133369 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0133369 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN7NT UT WOS:000358622000083 PM 26207986 ER PT J AU Sacks, E Moss, WJ Winch, PJ Thuma, P van Dijk, JH Mullany, LC AF Sacks, Emma Moss, William J. Winch, Peter J. Thuma, Philip van Dijk, Janneke H. Mullany, Luke C. TI Skin, thermal and umbilical cord care practices for neonates in southern, rural Zambia: a qualitative study SO BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH LA English DT Article DE Newborn health; Neonatal health; Traditional practices; Skin care; Thermal care; Cord care; Zambia ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; NEWBORN-CARE; BEHAVIOR-CHANGE; VERNIX CASEOSA; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; COMMUNITY SETTINGS; SYLHET DISTRICT; AMNIOTIC-FLUID; UTTAR-PRADESH; GLOBAL BURDEN AB Background: In Choma District, southern Zambia, the neonatal mortality rate is approximately 40 per 1000 live births and, although the rate is decreasing, many deliveries take place outside of formal facilities. Understanding local practices during the postnatal period is essential for optimizing newborn care programs. Methods: We conducted 36 in-depth interviews, five focus groups and eight observational sessions with recently-delivered women, traditional birth attendants, and clinic and hospital staff from three sites, focusing on skin, thermal and cord care practices for newborns in the home. Results: Newborns were generally kept warm by application of hats and layers of clothing. While thermal protection is provided for preterm and small newborns, the practice of nighttime bathing with cold water was common. The vernix was considered important for the preterm newborn but dangerous for HIV-exposed infants. Mothers applied various substances to the skin and umbilical cord, with special practices for preterm infants. Applied substances included petroleum jelly, commercial baby lotion, cooking oil and breastmilk. The most common substances applied to the umbilical cord were powders made of roots, burnt gourds or ash. To ward off malevolent spirits, similar powders were reportedly placed directly into dermal incisions, especially in ill children. Conclusions: Thermal care for newborns is commonly practiced but co-exists with harmful practices. Locally appropriate behavior change interventions should aim to promote chlorhexidine in place of commonly-reported application of harmful substances to the skin and umbilical cord, reduce bathing of newborns at night, and address the immediate bathing of HIV-infected newborns. C1 [Sacks, Emma] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Moss, William J.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Winch, Peter J.; Mullany, Luke C.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Thuma, Philip; van Dijk, Janneke H.] Macha Res Trust, Choma, Zambia. [Sacks, Emma] USAID, MCSP, ICF Int, Washington, DC USA. RP Sacks, E (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 North Wolfe St,E8011, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM esacks@jhu.edu NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2393 J9 BMC PREGNANCY CHILDB JI BMC Pregnancy Childbirth PD JUL 16 PY 2015 VL 15 AR 149 DI 10.1186/s12884-015-0584-2 PG 11 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA CM8DA UT WOS:000357925400002 PM 26177637 ER PT J AU Farzin, A Saha, SK Baqui, AH Choi, Y Ahmed, NU Simoes, EAF El Arifeen, S Al-Emran, HM Bari, S Rahman, SM Mannan, I Crook, D Seraji, HR Begum, N Black, RE Santosham, M Darmstadt, GL AF Farzin, Azadeh Saha, Samir K. Baqui, Abdullah H. Choi, Yoonjoung Ahmed, Nawshad Uddin Simoes, Eric A. F. El Arifeen, Shams Al-Emran, Hassan M. Bari, Sanwarul Rahman, Syed M. Mannan, Ishtiaq Crook, Derrick Seraji, Habibur Rahman Begum, Nazma Black, Robert E. Santosham, Mathuram Darmstadt, Gary L. CA Bangladesh Projahnmo-2 Mirzapur St TI Population-based Incidence and Etiology of Community-acquired Neonatal Viral Infections in Bangladesh A Community-based and Hospital-based Surveillance Study SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE neonatal; infection; viral; community surveillance; early-onset infection; Bangladesh ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RURAL BANGLADESH; HEALTH WORKERS; SEVERE ILLNESS; MIRZAPUR; CHILDREN; INFANTS; ENTEROVIRUSES; OPPORTUNITIES AB Background: The etiology of >90% of cases of suspected neonatal infection remains unknown. We conducted community-based surveillance in conjunction with hospital-based surveillance in a rural region in Bangladesh from June 2006 to September 2007 to assess the incidence and etiology of community-acquired viral infections among neonates. Methods: Community health workers (CHWs) assessed neonates at home on days 0, 2, 5 and 8 after birth and referred cases of suspected illness to the hospital (CHW surveillance). Among neonates with clinically suspected upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), pneumonia, sepsis and/or meningitis, virus identification studies were conducted on nasal wash, cerebrospinal fluid and/or blood specimens. In the hospital-based surveillance, similar screening was conducted among all neonates (referred by CHWs and selfreferred) who were admitted to the hospital. Results: CHW surveillance found an incidence rate of 15.6 neonatal viral infections per 1000 live births with 30% of infections identified on the day of birth. Among neonates with suspected sepsis, a viral etiology was identified in 36% of cases, with enterovirus accounting for two-thirds of those infections. Respiratory syncytial virus was the most common etiologic agent among those with viral pneumonia (91%) and URTI (68%). There was a low incidence (1.2%) of influenza in this rural population. Conclusion: Viral infections are commonly associated with acute newborn illness, even in the early neonatal period. The estimated incidence was 5-fold greater than reported previously for bacterial infections. Low-cost preventive measures for neonatal viral infections are urgently needed. C1 [Farzin, Azadeh; Baqui, Abdullah H.; Choi, Yoonjoung; Mannan, Ishtiaq; Begum, Nazma; Black, Robert E.; Santosham, Mathuram] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Int Ctr Maternal & Newborn Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Saha, Samir K.] Dhaka Shishu Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Bangladesh Inst Child Hlth, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Choi, Yoonjoung] US Agcy Int Dev, Measure Demog Hlth Surveys, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Ahmed, Nawshad Uddin] Kumudini Womens Med Coll, Dept Pediat, Mirzapur, Tangail, Bangladesh. [Ahmed, Nawshad Uddin] Dhaka Shishu Hosp, Bangladesh Inst Child Hlth, Dept Neonatol, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Simoes, Eric A. F.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Aurora, CO USA. [Simoes, Eric A. F.] Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Global Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Aurora, CO USA. [Simoes, Eric A. F.] Childrens Hosp Colorado, Dept Pediat, Infect Dis Sect, Aurora, CO USA. [El Arifeen, Shams; Al-Emran, Hassan M.; Bari, Sanwarul; Rahman, Syed M.; Mannan, Ishtiaq; Seraji, Habibur Rahman] ICDDR B, Dept Child Hlth, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Crook, Derrick] Univ Oxford, John Radeliffe Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Oxford, England. [Crook, Derrick] Oxford Biomed Res Ctr, Natl Inst Hlth Res, Oxford, England. [Darmstadt, Gary L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, 1265 Welch Rd,109C, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Darmstadt, GL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, 1265 Welch Rd,109C, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gdarmsta@standford.edu FU Wellcome Trust-Burroughs Wellcome Fund Infectious Disease Initiative; Office of Health, Infectious Diseases and Nutrition, Global Health Bureau and United States Agency for International Development through the Global Research Activity Cooperative agreement with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [HRN-A-00-96-90006-00]; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX This study was supported by the Wellcome Trust-Burroughs Wellcome Fund Infectious Disease Initiative 2000 and the Office of Health, Infectious Diseases and Nutrition, Global Health Bureau and United States Agency for International Development through the Global Research Activity Cooperative agreement with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [award HRN-A-00-96-90006-00]. Support for data analysis and manuscript preparation was provided by the Saving Newborn Lives program through a grant by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to Save the Children-US. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0891-3668 EI 1532-0987 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 34 IS 7 BP 706 EP 711 DI 10.1097/INF.0000000000000726 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA DD0CC UT WOS:000369586900008 PM 25961894 ER PT J AU Ji, C Lu, T Dary, O Legetic, B Campbell, NR Cappuccio, FP AF Ji, Chen Lu, Tammy Dary, Omar Legetic, Branka Campbell, Norm R. Cappuccio, Francesco P. CA PAHO-WHO Regional Expert Grp TI Systematic review of studies evaluating urinary iodine concentration as a predictor of 24-hour urinary iodine excretion for estimating population iodine intake SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review DE Iodine; iodine; urine; urine specimen collection; population ID SALT INTAKE; CREATININE ADJUSTMENT; DEFICIENCY DISORDERS; REPRESENTATIVE DATA; 24 H; COLLECTIONS; SELENIUM; SAMPLES; HEALTH; STATES AB Objective. To examine the usefulness of "spot" urine iodine concentrations (UICs) in predicting 24-hour urine iodine excretion (UIE) for estimating average population iodine intake. Methods. An electronic literature search was conducted for articles published through 19 May 2013 in MEDLINE (from 1950), EMBASE (from 1980), and the Cochrane Library (from 1993) using the terms "urinary excretion (timed or spot or random) and (24 h or 24 hour)," " iodine (iodine deficiency)," " iodine (intake)," and " urine (timed, spot, random, 24-hour)." Full-text articles about studies that examined >= 40 healthy human subjects and measured UIE using the 24-hour urine collection method and UIC and/or UIE using one alternative method (spot (random), timed, and "overnight" (first morning urine), fasting or not fasting) were selected and reviewed. Results. The review included data from 1 434 participants across the six studies that met the inclusion criteria. The main statistical methods for comparing data from the 24-hour urine collections with the values obtained from the alternative method(s) were either regression (beta) or correlation (r) coefficients and concordance analysis through Bland-Altman plots. The urine samples collected using the alternative methods were subject to greater intra-individual and inter-individual variability than the 24-hour urine collections. There was a wide range in coefficient values for the comparisons between 24-hour URE measured in 24-hour urine collection and 24-hour UIE estimated using the alternative sampling methods. No alternative sampling method (spot, timed, or "overnight") was appropriate for estimating 24-hour UIE. Conclusions. The results of this systematic review suggest current data on UICs as a means of predicting 24-hour UIE for estimating population sodium intake are inadequate and highlight the need for further methodological investigations. C1 [Ji, Chen; Cappuccio, Francesco P.] Univ Warwick, World Hlth Org, Collaborating Ctr Nutr, Warwick Med Sch, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Lu, Tammy; Campbell, Norm R.] Univ Calgary, Libin Cardiovasc Inst Alberta, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Dary, Omar] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Div Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Legetic, Branka] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Area Hlth Surveillance & Dis Management, Washington, DC USA. RP Cappuccio, FP (reprint author), Univ Warwick, World Hlth Org, Collaborating Ctr Nutr, Warwick Med Sch, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. EM f.p.cappuccio@warwick.ac.uk FU BUPA Foundation [MR-12-002] FX CJ was supported by The BUPA Foundation (Grant: MR-12-002). NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD JUL PY 2015 VL 38 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CU9MR UT WOS:000363869100011 PM 26506324 ER PT J AU Shen, AK Farrell, MM Vandenbroucke, MF Fox, E Pablos-Mendez, A AF Shen, Angela K. Farrell, Marguerite M. Vandenbroucke, Mary F. Fox, Elizabeth Pablos-Mendez, Ariel TI Applying lessons learned from the USAID family planning graduation experience to the GAVI graduation process SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article DE GAVI; vaccine; immunization; family planning graduation; USAID ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES AB As low income countries experience economic transition, characterized by rapid economic growth and increased government spending potential in health, they have increased fiscal space to support and sustain more of their own health programmes, decreasing need for donor development assistance. Phase out of external funds should be systematic and efforts towards this end should concentrate on government commitments towards country ownership and self-sustainability. The 2006 US Agency for International Development (USAID) family planning (FP) graduation strategy is one such example of a systematic phase-out approach. Triggers for graduation were based on pre-determined criteria and programme indicators. In 2011 the GAVI Alliance (formerly the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations) which primarily supports financing of new vaccines, established a graduation policy process. Countries whose gross national income per capita exceeds $1570 incrementally increase their co-financing of new vaccines over a 5-year period until they are no longer eligible to apply for new GAVI funding, although previously awarded support will continue. This article compares and contrasts the USAID and GAVI processes to apply lessons learned from the USAID FP graduation experience to the GAVI process. The findings of the review are 3-fold: (1) FP graduation plans served an important purpose by focusing on strategic needs across six graduation plan foci, facilitating graduation with pre-determined financial and technical benchmarks, (2) USAID sought to assure contraceptive security prior to graduation, phasing out of contraceptive donations first before phasing out from technical assistance in other programme areas and (3) USAID sought to sustain political support to assure financing of products and programmes continue after graduation. Improving sustainability more broadly beyond vaccine financing provides a more comprehensive approach to graduation. The USAID FP experience provides a window into understanding one approach to graduation from donor assistance. The process itself-involving transparent country-level partners well in advance of graduation-appears a valuable lesson towards success. C1 [Shen, Angela K.; Pablos-Mendez, Ariel] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Shen, Angela K.] US Dept HHS, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Farrell, Marguerite M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Vandenbroucke, Mary F.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Country Support, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Fox, Elizabeth] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shen, AK (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Ronald Reagan Bldg 3-7-106,1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM ashen@usaid.gov NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1080 EI 1460-2237 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 30 IS 6 BP 687 EP 695 DI 10.1093/heapol/czu045 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA CT7PT UT WOS:000363007700001 PM 24974106 ER PT J AU Riewpaiboon, A Sooksriwong, C Chaiyakunapruk, N Tharmaphornpilas, P Techathawat, S Rookkapan, K Rasdjarmrearnsook, A Suraratdecha, C AF Riewpaiboon, A. Sooksriwong, C. Chaiyakunapruk, N. Tharmaphornpilas, P. Techathawat, S. Rookkapan, K. Rasdjarmrearnsook, A. Suraratdecha, C. TI Optimizing national immunization program supply chain management in Thailand: an economic analysis SO PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE National immunization program; Logistics; Cost analysis; Thailand AB Objectives: This study aimed to conduct an economic analysis of the transition of the conventional vaccine supply and logistics systems to the vendor managed inventory (VMI) system in Thailand. Study design: Cost analysis of health care program. Methods: An ingredients based approach was used to design the survey and collect data for an economic analysis of the immunization supply and logistics systems covering procurement, storage and distribution of vaccines from the central level to the lowest level of vaccine administration facility. Costs were presented in 2010 US dollar. Results: The total cost of the vaccination program including cost of vaccine procured and logistics under the conventional system was US$0.60 per packed volume procured (cm(3)) and US$1.35 per dose procured compared to US$0.66 per packed volume procured (cm(3)) and US$1.43 per dose procured under the VMI system. However, the findings revealed that the transition to the VMI system and outsourcing of the supply chain system reduced the cost of immunization program at US$6.6 million per year because of reduction of unopened vaccine wastage. Conclusions: The findings demonstrated that the new supply chain system would result in efficiency improvement and potential savings to the immunization program compared to the conventional system. (C) 2015 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Riewpaiboon, A.; Sooksriwong, C.] Mahidol Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharm, Div Social & Adm Pharm, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Chaiyakunapruk, N.] Monash Univ Malaysia, Sch Pharm, Selangor, Malaysia. [Chaiyakunapruk, N.] Naresuan Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharm Practice, Ctr Pharmaceut Outcomes Res, Phitsanulok, Thailand. [Chaiyakunapruk, N.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Pharm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Chaiyakunapruk, N.] Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Tharmaphornpilas, P.; Techathawat, S.; Rasdjarmrearnsook, A.] Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Bur Gen Communicable Dis, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. [Rookkapan, K.] Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharm Adm, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand. [Suraratdecha, C.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Riewpaiboon, A (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Pharm, 447 Sri Ayutthaya Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM arthorn.rie@mahidol.ac.th FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX This study was funded in whole by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The grant was awarded to project Optimize, a PATH and World Health Organization collaboration, which partnered with the Health Systems Research Institute of Thailand to carry out this study. The views expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Foundation or any organizations. The Foundation had no involvement in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the article for publication. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0033-3506 EI 1476-5616 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH JI Public Health PD JUL PY 2015 VL 129 IS 7 BP 899 EP 906 DI 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.04.016 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CQ8XJ UT WOS:000360893400016 PM 26027451 ER PT J AU Ashton, RA Kefyalew, T Rand, A Sime, H Assefa, A Mekasha, A Edosa, W Tesfaye, G Cano, J Teka, H Reithinger, R Pullan, RL Drakeley, CJ Brooker, SJ AF Ashton, Ruth A. Kefyalew, Takele Rand, Alison Sime, Heven Assefa, Ashenafi Mekasha, Addis Edosa, Wasihun Tesfaye, Gezahegn Cano, Jorge Teka, Hiwot Reithinger, Richard Pullan, Rachel L. Drakeley, Chris J. Brooker, Simon J. TI Geostatistical Modeling of Malaria Endemicity using Serological Indicators of Exposure Collected through School Surveys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RAPID DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; TRANSMISSION; ETHIOPIA; RISK; ELIMINATION; SURVEILLANCE; POPULATION; PROGRAM; CHALLENGES; INFECTION AB Ethiopia has a diverse ecology and geography resulting in spatial and temporal variation in malaria transmission. Evidence-based strategies are thus needed to monitor transmission intensity and target interventions. A purposive selection of dried blood spots collected during cross-sectional school-based surveys in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, were tested for presence of antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax antigens. Spatially explicit binomial models of seroprevalence were created for each species using a Bayesian framework, and used to predict seroprevalence at 5 km resolution across Oromia. School seroprevalence showed a wider prevalence range than microscopy for both P. falciparum (0-50% versus 0-12.7%) and P. vivax (0-53.7% versus 0-4.5%), respectively. The P. falciparum model incorporated environmental predictors and spatial random effects, while P. vivax seroprevalence first-order trends were not adequately explained by environmental variables, and a spatial smoothing model was developed. This is the first demonstration of serological indicators being used to detect large-scale heterogeneity in malaria transmission using samples from cross-sectional school-based surveys. The findings support the incorporation of serological indicators into periodic large-scale surveillance such as Malaria Indicator Surveys, and with particular utility for low transmission and elimination settings. C1 [Ashton, Ruth A.] Malaria Consortium, London, England. [Ashton, Ruth A.; Rand, Alison; Cano, Jorge; Reithinger, Richard; Pullan, Rachel L.; Drakeley, Chris J.; Brooker, Simon J.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1, England. [Kefyalew, Takele; Tesfaye, Gezahegn] Malaria Consortium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Sime, Heven; Assefa, Ashenafi] Ethiopian Publ Hlth Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Mekasha, Addis; Edosa, Wasihun] Oromia Reg Hlth Bur, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teka, Hiwot; Reithinger, Richard] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Reithinger, Richard] RTI Int, Washington, DC USA. RP Ashton, RA (reprint author), Malaria Consortium, Dev House,56-64 Leonard St, London, England. EM r.ashton@malariaconsortium.org; t.kefyalew@malariaconsortium.org; alison.rand@pirbright.ac.uk; hevensime@yahoo.com; ashyaega@yahoo.com; addismekasha@yahoo.com; wasihunchange@gmail.com; g_tesfaye@yahoo.com; jcano.ortega@lshtm.ac.uk; hteka@usaid.gov; rreithinger@yahoo.co.uk; rachel.pullan@lshtm.ac.uk; chris.drakeley@lshtm.ac.uk; simon.brooker@lshtm.ac.uk RI Cano, Jorge/E-2962-2016 OI Cano, Jorge/0000-0001-9864-5058 FU U.S. Agency for International Development under the President's Malaria Initiative [663-A-00-09-00404-00]; Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship in Basic Biomedical Science [098045]; Wellcome Trust [091924]; Izumi Foundation; John-Henry Memorial Foundation FX This work was supported by a Cooperative Agreement (663-A-00-09-00404-00) from the U.S. Agency for International Development under the President's Malaria Initiative to Malaria Consortium. Simon J. Brooker and Rachel L. Pullan are supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship in Basic Biomedical Science (098045). Chris J. Drakeley, Alison Rand, and the ELISA work are supported by the Wellcome Trust (091924). The Izumi Foundation provided supplementary funding to support training of laboratory technicians in the ELISA method at the Ethiopian Health Nutrition and Research Institute. Ruth A. Ashton receives additional support from the John-Henry Memorial Foundation. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 93 IS 1 BP 168 EP 177 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0620 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA CM5YG UT WOS:000357764300029 PM 25962770 ER PT J AU Heenan, A Pomeroy, R Bell, J Munday, PL Cheung, W Logan, C Brainard, R Amri, AY Alino, P Armada, N David, L Rivera-Guieb, R Green, S Jompa, J Leonardo, T Mamauag, S Parker, B Shackeroff, J Yasin, Z AF Heenan, Adel Pomeroy, Robert Bell, Johann Munday, Philip L. Cheung, William Logan, Cheryl Brainard, Russell Amri, Affendi Yang Alino, Porfirio Armada, Nygiel David, Laura Rivera-Guieb, Rebecca Green, Stuart Jompa, Jamaluddin Leonardo, Teresa Mamauag, Samuel Parker, Britt Shackeroff, Janna Yasin, Zulfigar TI A climate-informed, ecosystem approach to fisheries management SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Climate change and ocean acidification; Ecosystem approach; Fisheries; Adaptive management; Asia-Pacific; Coral reef fisheries ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; FOOD SECURITY; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; LIVELIHOODS APPROACH; MARINE BIODIVERSITY; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT AB This paper outlines the benefits of using the framework for an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) for dealing with the inevitable yet unclear impacts of climate change and ocean acidification on coastal fisheries. With a focus on the Asia-Pacific region, it summarizes the projected biological and socio-economic effects of increased emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) for coastal fisheries and illustrates how all the important dimensions of climate change and ocean acidification can be integrated into the steps involved in the EAFM planning process. The activities required to harness the full potential of an EAFM as an adaptation to climate change and ocean acidification are also described, including: provision of the necessary expertise to inform all stakeholders about the risks to fish habitats, fish stocks and catches due to climate change; promotion of trans-disciplinary collaboration; facilitating the participation of all key stakeholders; monitoring the wider fisheries system for climate impacts; and enhancing resources and capacity to implement an EAFM. By channeling some of the resources available to the Asia-Pacific region to adapt to climate change into an EAFM, developing countries will not only build resilience to the ecological and fisheries effects of climate change, they will also help address the habitat degradation and overfishing presently reducing the productivity of coastal fisheries. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Heenan, Adel] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Pomeroy, Robert] Univ Connecticut, Groton, CT USA. [Bell, Johann] Secretariat Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Bell, Johann] Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Munday, Philip L.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Cheung, William] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Logan, Cheryl] Calif State Univ, Monterey, CA USA. [Heenan, Adel; Brainard, Russell] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Amri, Affendi Yang] Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [Alino, Porfirio; David, Laura; Mamauag, Samuel] Univ Philippines, Inst Marine Sci, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. [Armada, Nygiel] TetraTech, Manila, Philippines. [Rivera-Guieb, Rebecca] US Agcy Int Dev, Manila, Philippines. [Green, Stuart] Blue Green Ocean Advisors, Bohol, Philippines. [Jompa, Jamaluddin] Hasanuddin Univ, Makassar, Indonesia. [Leonardo, Teresa] US Agcy Int Dev, Reg Dev Mission Asia, Bangkok, Thailand. [Parker, Britt; Shackeroff, Janna] Baldwin Grp Inc, Manassas, VA USA. [Yasin, Zulfigar] Univ Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia. RP Heenan, A (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM adel.heenan@gmail.com RI CSTFA, ResearcherID/P-1067-2014; OI YANG AMRI, AFFENDI/0000-0002-9392-2463; Jompa, Jamaluddin/0000-0001-9740-333X FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID); U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX This paper is based on a synthesis of presentations and discussions from the workshop 'Incorporating climate and ocean impacts into an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management', held on 6-9th March 2012 in Bohol, the Philippines. We are grateful to the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for funding this work. We thank Amanda Dillon and Amanda Toperoff for creating Figs. 2 and 3. The contents in this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOM or the U.S. Government. NR 160 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 57 BP 182 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.03.018 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA CL1YF UT WOS:000356740100022 ER PT J AU Stankova, H Valarik, M Lapitan, NLV Berkman, PJ Batley, J Edwards, D Luo, MC Tulpova, Z Kubalakova, M Stein, N Dolezel, J Simkova, H AF Stankova, Helena Valarik, Miroslav Lapitan, Nora L. V. Berkman, Paul J. Batley, Jacqueline Edwards, David Luo, Ming-Cheng Tulpova, Zuzana Kubalakova, Marie Stein, Nils Dolezel, Jaroslav Simkova, Hana TI Chromosomal genomics facilitates fine mapping of a Russian wheat aphid resistance gene SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; BREAD WHEAT; AEGILOPS-TAUSCHII; BARLEY; HOMOPTERA; RICE; MAP; INHERITANCE; EVOLUTION; GERMPLASM AB Making use of wheat chromosomal resources, we developed 11 gene-associated markers for the region of interest, which allowed reducing gene interval and spanning it by four BAC clones. Positional gene cloning and targeted marker development in bread wheat are hampered by high complexity and polyploidy of its nuclear genome. Aiming to clone a Russian wheat aphid resistance gene Dn2401 located on wheat chromosome arm 7DS, we have developed a strategy overcoming problems due to polyploidy and enabling efficient development of gene-associated markers from the region of interest. We employed information gathered by GenomeZipper, a synteny-based tool combining sequence data of rice, Brachypodium, sorghum and barley, and took advantage of a high-density linkage map of Aegilops tauschii. To ensure genome- and locus-specificity of markers, we made use of survey sequence assemblies of isolated wheat chromosomes 7A, 7B and 7D. Despite the low level of polymorphism of the wheat D subgenome, our approach allowed us to add in an efficient and cost-effective manner 11 new gene-associated markers in the Dn2401 region and narrow down the target interval to 0.83 cM. Screening 7DS-specific BAC library with the flanking markers revealed a contig of four BAC clones that span the Dn2401 region in wheat cultivar 'Chinese Spring'. With the availability of sequence assemblies and GenomeZippers for each of the wheat chromosome arms, the proposed strategy can be applied for focused marker development in any region of the wheat genome. C1 [Stankova, Helena; Valarik, Miroslav; Tulpova, Zuzana; Kubalakova, Marie; Dolezel, Jaroslav; Simkova, Hana] Ctr Reg Hana Biotechnol & Agr Res, Inst Expt Bot, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. [Lapitan, Nora L. V.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lapitan, Nora L. V.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Food Secur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Berkman, Paul J.] CSIRO Plant Ind, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Batley, Jacqueline; Edwards, David] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Edwards, David] Univ Western Australia, Inst Agr, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Luo, Ming-Cheng] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stein, Nils] Leibniz Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res, Dept Genebank, AG Genome Div, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany. RP Simkova, H (reprint author), Ctr Reg Hana Biotechnol & Agr Res, Inst Expt Bot, Slechtitelu 31, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. EM simkovah@ueb.cas.cz RI Dolezel, Jaroslav/B-7716-2008; OI Dolezel, Jaroslav/0000-0002-6263-0492; Valarik, Miroslav/0000-0003-0143-6853 FU Czech Science Foundation [P501/12/2554]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (National Program of Sustainability I) [LO1204]; Australian Research Council [LP0882095, LP0883462, DP0985953]; USDA [2010-34205-21350] FX We thank Prof. B. S. Gill and Prof. Adam Lukaszewski for providing seeds of the wheat ditelosomic lines. We are grateful to Hong Wang and Jeff Rudolph for RWA screening of the mapping population and Jarmila Cihalikova, Romana Sperkova, Zdenka Dubska and Jana Dostalova for the assistance with chromosome sorting and BAC library screening, and Dr. Frank Peairs for the use of the CSU Insectary and for providing aphids. We also thank Andreas Petzold and Stefan Taudien for 454 sequencing and assembling BAC clones. This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (Award No. P501/12/2554), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (National Program of Sustainability I, Grant award LO1204), and Australian Research Council (Projects LP0882095, LP0883462 and DP0985953). Partial support for RWA screening was provided by USDA Cooperative Agreement no. 2010-34205-21350. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 128 IS 7 BP 1373 EP 1383 DI 10.1007/s00122-015-2512-2 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA CK3WT UT WOS:000356148000012 PM 25862680 ER PT J AU Chanda, E Mzilahowa, T Chipwanya, J Mulenga, S Ali, D Troell, P Dodoli, W Govere, JM Gimnig, J AF Chanda, Emmanuel Mzilahowa, Themba Chipwanya, John Mulenga, Shadreck Ali, Doreen Troell, Peter Dodoli, Wilfred Govere, John M. Gimnig, John TI Preventing malaria transmission by indoor residual spraying in Malawi: grappling with the challenge of uncertain sustainability SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Malaria vector control; Indoor residual spraying; Integrated vector management; Insecticide resistance management; Vector surveillance; Sustainability; Malawi ID PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; ELIMINATION; ZAMBIA; IMPACT AB Background: In the past decade, there has been rapid scale-up of insecticide-based malaria vector control in the context of integrated vector management (IVM) according to World Health Organization recommendations. Endemic countries have deployed indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets as hallmark vector control interventions. This paper discusses the successes and continued challenges and the way forward for the IRS programme in Malawi. Case description: The National Malaria Control Programme in Malawi, with its efforts to implement an integrated approach to malaria vector control, was the 'case' for this study. Information sources included all available data and accessible archived documentary records on IRS in Malawi. A methodical assessment of published and unpublished documents was conducted via a literature search of online electronic databases. Discussion: Malawi has implemented IRS as the main malaria transmission-reducing intervention. However, pyrethroid and carbamate resistance in malaria vectors has been detected extensively across the country and has adversely affected the IRS programme. Additionally, IRS activities have been characterized by substantial inherent logistical and technical challenges culminating into missed targets. As a consequence, programmatic IRS operations have been scaled down from seven districts in 2010 to only one district in 2014. The future of the IRS programme in Malawi is uncertain due to limited funding, high cost of alternative insecticides and technical resource challenges being experienced in the country. Conclusions: The availability of a long-lasting formulation of the organophosphate pirimiphos-methyl makes the re-introduction of IRS a possibility and may be a useful approach for the management of pyrethroid resistance. Implementing the IVM strategy, advocating for sustainable domestic funding, including developing an insecticide resistance monitoring and management plan and vector surveillance guidelines will be pivotal in steering entomologic monitoring and future vector control activities in Malawi. C1 [Chanda, Emmanuel] Malaria Vector Control Consultant, Lusaka, Zambia. [Mzilahowa, Themba] Malaria Alert Ctr, Blantyre, Malawi. [Chipwanya, John; Mulenga, Shadreck; Ali, Doreen] Minist Hlth, Natl Malaria Control Pro Gramme, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Troell, Peter] USAID, PMI, Country Off, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Dodoli, Wilfred] World Hlth Org, Country Off, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Govere, John M.] Malaria Vector Control Consultant, Nelspruit, South Africa. [Gimnig, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chanda, E (reprint author), Malaria Vector Control Consultant, Lusaka, Zambia. EM emmanuel_chanda@yahoo.co.uk FU PMI/CDC in Malawi FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the NMCP and Ministry of Health staff for facilitating the data collection and review. This study was supported by the PMI/CDC in Malawi. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JUN 24 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 254 DI 10.1186/s12936-015-0759-3 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CL0TZ UT WOS:000356657300001 PM 26104657 ER PT J AU Onazi, O Gidado, M Onazi, M Daniel, O Kuye, J Obasanya, O Odusote, T Gande, S AF Onazi, O. Gidado, M. Onazi, M. Daniel, O. Kuye, J. Obasanya, O. Odusote, T. Gande, S. TI Estimating the cost of TB and its social impact on TB patients and their households SO PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION LA English DT Article DE cost; access; tuberculosis; household; impact ID TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT; CARE AB Illness often poses a significant financial burden on individuals and their households, and tuberculosis (TB) is no exception. Although TB treatment is free in Nigeria, patients are likely to incur costs due to multiple visits during treatment. The purpose of this study was 1) to examine the health-seeking behaviour of TB patients and the costs borne by TB patients in Nigeria, and 2) to assess the social impact of TB disease on TB patients and their families/households. Of 260 TB patients surveyed, the majority (74.7%) were aged between 20 and 49 years. TB patients expended an average of US$52.02 ((sic)8323.58, at the rate of US$1 = (sic)160) per person on all visits associated with diagnosis and receipt of diagnostic test results. Overall, households experienced a shortfall of about US$57.30 ((sic)9174.72) or 24.9% of income loss due to TB illness. Further analysis revealed that 9.7% of TB patients relied on children of school age or below to finance the costs of TB illness. C1 [Onazi, O.; Gidado, M.; Gande, S.] KNCV TB CARE I Project, Abuja, Nigeria. [Onazi, M.] Res & Data Solut, Abuja, Nigeria. [Daniel, O.] Olabisi Onabanjo Univ, Community Med & Primary Care, Shagamu, Ogan State, Nigeria. [Kuye, J.; Obasanya, O.] Natl TB & Leprosy Control Programme, Abuja, Nigeria. [Odusote, T.] US Agcy Int Dev, Abuja, Nigeria. RP Onazi, O (reprint author), KNCV TB CARE I, Block B,4th Floor Plot 564-565 Independence Ave, Abuja, Nigeria. EM jumoke.onazi@kncvtbc.org NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 2220-8372 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION JI PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PD JUN 21 PY 2015 VL 5 IS 2 BP 127 EP 131 DI 10.5588/pha.15.0002 PG 5 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA DL2FN UT WOS:000375448900011 PM 26400384 ER PT J AU van Kampen, SC Susanto, NH Simon, S Astiti, SD Chandra, R Burhan, E Farid, MN Chittenden, K Mustikawati, DE Alisjahbana, B AF van Kampen, Sanne C. Susanto, Nugroho H. Simon, Sumanto Astiti, Shinta D. Chandra, Roni Burhan, Erlina Farid, Muhammad N. Chittenden, Kendra Mustikawati, Dyah E. Alisjahbana, Bachti TI Effects of Introducing Xpert MTB/RIF on Diagnosis and Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Indonesia: A Pre-Post Intervention Study SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE RIFAMPICIN RESISTANCE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; IMPLEMENTATION; ASSAY AB Background In March 2012, the Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert) was introduced in three provincial public hospitals in Indonesia as a novel diagnostic to detect tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance among high risk individuals. Objective This study assessed the effects of using Xpert in place of conventional solid and liquid culture and drug-susceptibility testing on case detection rates, treatment initiation rates, and health system delays among drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) patients. Methods Cohort data on registration, test results and treatment initiation were collected from routine presumptive patient registers one year before and one year after Xpert was introduced. Proportions of case detection and treatment initiation were compared using the Pearson Chi square test and median time delays using the Mood's Median test. Results A total of 975 individuals at risk of drug-resistant TB were registered in the pre-intervention year and 1,442 in the post-intervention year. After Xpert introduction, TB positivity rate increased by 15%, while rifampicin resistance rate reduced by 23% among TB positive cases and by 9% among all tested. Second-line TB treatment initiation rate among rifampicin resistant patients increased by 19%. Time from client registration to diagnosis was reduced by 74 days to a median of a single day (IQR 0-4) and time from diagnosis to treatment start was reduced by 27 days to a median of 15 days (IQR 7-51). All findings were significant with p<0.001. Conclusion Compared to solid and liquid culture and drug-susceptibility testing, Xpert detected more TB and less rifampicin resistance, increased second-line treatment initiation rates and shortened time to diagnosis and treatment. This test holds promise to improve rapid case finding and management of drug-resistant TB patients in Indonesia. C1 [van Kampen, Sanne C.] KNCV TB Fdn, Access Lab Serv Team, The Hague, Netherlands. [Susanto, Nugroho H.; Alisjahbana, Bachti] Padjadjaran State Univ, Fac Med, Bandung, Indonesia. [Susanto, Nugroho H.; Simon, Sumanto; Astiti, Shinta D.; Farid, Muhammad N.; Alisjahbana, Bachti] Minist Hlth, TB Operat Res Grp, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Simon, Sumanto] Univ Atmadjaja, Fac Med, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Chandra, Roni] KNCV TB Fdn, Lab Team TB CARE 1, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Burhan, Erlina] Persahabatan Hosp, Dept Lung & Resp Hlth, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Farid, Muhammad N.] Cent Bur Stat, Subdirectorate Stat & Design, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Chittenden, Kendra] US Agcy Int Dev, Hlth Div, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Mustikawati, Dyah E.] Minist Hlth, Natl TB Control Program, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP van Kampen, SC (reprint author), KNCV TB Fdn, Access Lab Serv Team, The Hague, Netherlands. EM sanne.vankampen@kncvtbc.org FU United States Agency for International Development under the USAID Tuberculosis CARE I [AID-OAA-A-10-000020] FX This study was funded by the United States Agency for International Development under the USAID Tuberculosis CARE I, Cooperative Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-10-000020. As author on this paper, KC was involved in conception of the study design and preparation of the manuscript. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 15 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 6 AR e0123536 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0123536 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CK6HU UT WOS:000356329900002 PM 26075722 ER PT J AU Miller, AJ Novy, A Glover, J Kellogg, EA Maul, JE Raven, P Jackson, PW AF Miller, A. J. Novy, A. Glover, J. Kellogg, E. A. Maul, J. E. Raven, P. Jackson, P. Wyse TI Expanding the role of botanical gardens in the future of food SO NATURE PLANTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Miller, A. J.] St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Miller, A. J.; Raven, P.; Jackson, P. Wyse] Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Novy, A.] US Bot Garden, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Novy, A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Glover, J.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Kellogg, E. A.] Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. [Maul, J. E.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Jackson, P. Wyse] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Miller, AJ (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. EM amille75@slu.edu; anovy@aoc.gov RI Kellogg, Elizabeth/M-2845-2013 OI Kellogg, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1671-7447 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2055-026X EI 2055-0278 J9 NAT PLANTS JI Nat. Plants PD JUN 1 PY 2015 VL 1 IS 6 AR 15078 DI 10.1038/NPLANTS.2015.78 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA CV6TI UT WOS:000364403300001 PM 27250013 ER PT J AU Latifi, R Dasho, E Shatri, Z Tilley, E Osmani, KL Doarn, CR Dogjani, A Olldashi, F Kociraj, A Merrell, RC AF Latifi, Rifat Dasho, Erion Shatri, Zhaneta Tilley, Elizabeth Osmani, Kalterina L. Doarn, Charles R. Dogjani, Agron Olldashi, Fatos Kociraj, Agim Merrell, Ronald C. TI Telemedicine as an Innovative Model for Rebuilding Medical Systems in Developing Countries Through Multipartnership Collaboration: The Case of Albania SO TELEMEDICINE AND E-HEALTH LA English DT Article DE telemedicine; e-health; electronic library; Albania; government; U; S; Agency for International Development; U; S; Army Corps of Engineers; nongovernmental agencies; "initiate-build-operate-transfer" strategy; International Virtual e-Hospital Foundation ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HEALTH; STRATEGY; PROGRAM AB The U.S. Government and other developed nations provide billions of dollars annually in relief assistance to countries around the world. The long-term benefits of this aid, however, are often difficult to elucidate. The aim of this article is to present a model of a multipartnership collaboration among U.S. governmental, nongovernmental organizations, and academia to rebuild medical systems using telemedicine as a sustainable model of foreign aid. The International Virtual e-Hospital implemented the initiate-build-operate-transfer strategy to establish an effective telemedicine system in Albania that includes the National Telemedicine Center and 12 regional telemedicine centers. This nationwide telemedicine network has active clinical programs, virtual educational programs, and an electronic library that has substantially improved the access to care while advancing medical education. We propose that telemedicine is an optimal, sustainable, low-cost model for rebuilding medical systems of developing countries when implemented through a multipartnership approach. C1 [Latifi, Rifat] Univ Arizona, Dept Surg, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. [Latifi, Rifat; Dasho, Erion; Tilley, Elizabeth; Osmani, Kalterina L.; Dogjani, Agron; Merrell, Ronald C.] Int Virtual E Hosp Fdn, Oracle, AZ USA. [Shatri, Zhaneta; Kociraj, Agim] US Agcy Int Dev, Tirana, Albania. [Doarn, Charles R.] Univ Cincinnati, Family & Community Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Dogjani, Agron; Olldashi, Fatos] Trauma Univ Hosp, Tirana, Albania. RP Latifi, R (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 1501 North Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. EM Latifi@surgery.arizona.edu FU U.S. Agency for International Development in Albania through an Integrated Telemedicine and e-Health Project [182-A-00-09-00101-00] FX The study was funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development in Albania through an Integrated Telemedicine and e-Health Project (Cooperative Agreement Number 182-A-00-09-00101-00). All telemedicine centers were renovated by the European Command, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-5627 EI 1556-3669 J9 TELEMED E-HEALTH JI Telemed. e-Health PD JUN 1 PY 2015 VL 21 IS 6 BP 503 EP 509 DI 10.1089/tmj.2014.0138 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA CV0NP UT WOS:000363947800009 PM 25347524 ER PT J AU Sullivan, TM Limaye, RJ Mitchell, V D'Adamo, M Baquet, Z AF Sullivan, Tara M. Limaye, Rupali J. Mitchell, Vanessa D'Adamo, Margaret Baquet, Zachary TI Leveraging the Power of Knowledge Management to Transform Global Health and Development SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSLATION C1 [Sullivan, Tara M.; Limaye, Rupali J.; Mitchell, Vanessa] Johns Hopkins Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [D'Adamo, Margaret] Bur Global Hlth, USAID, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Baquet, Zachary] USAID Bur Food Secur, Washington, DC USA. RP Sullivan, TM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM tara.sullivan@jhu.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH JI Glob. Health PD JUN PY 2015 VL 3 IS 2 BP 150 EP 162 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-14-00228 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CO2SR UT WOS:000359007400003 PM 26085014 ER PT J AU Sgaier, SK Baer, J Rutz, DC Njeuhmeli, E Seifert-Ahanda, K Basinga, P Parkyn, R Laube, C AF Sgaier, Sema K. Baer, James Rutz, Daniel C. Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Seifert-Ahanda, Kim Basinga, Paulin Parkyn, Rosie Laube, Catharine TI Toward a Systematic Approach to Generating Demand for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Insights and Results From Field Studies SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMS; ADULT MALE CIRCUMCISION; HIV PREVENTION; MEN; ACCEPTABILITY; CAMPAIGNS; SOUTH; COMMUNICATION; BEHAVIOR; AFRICA AB By the end of 2014, an estimated 8.5 million men had undergone voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention in 14 priority countries in eastern and southern Africa, representing more than 40% of the global target. However, demand, especially among men most at risk for HIV infection, remains a barrier to realizing the program's full scale and potential impact. We analyzed current demand generation interventions for VMMC by reviewing the available literature and reporting on field visits to programs in 7 priority countries. We present our findings and recommendations using a framework with 4 components: insight development; intervention design; implementation and coordination to achieve scale; and measurement, learning, and evaluation. Most program strategies lacked comprehensive insight development; formative research usually comprised general acceptability studies. Demand generation interventions varied across the countries, from advocacy with community leaders and community mobilization to use of interpersonal communication, mid-and mass media, and new technologies. Some shortcomings in intervention design included using general instead of tailored messaging, focusing solely on the HIV preventive benefits of VMMC, and rolling out individual interventions to address specific barriers rather than a holistic package. Interventions have often been scaled-up without first being evaluated for effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. We recommend national programs create coordinated demand generation interventions, based on insights from multiple disciplines, tailored to the needs and aspirations of defined subsets of the target population, rather than focused exclusively on HIV prevention goals. Programs should implement a comprehensive intervention package with multiple messages and channels, strengthened through continuous monitoring. These insights may be broadly applicable to other programs where voluntary behavior change is essential to achieving public health benefits. C1 [Sgaier, Sema K.; Basinga, Paulin] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Global Dev Program, Integrated Delivery, Seattle, WA USA. [Sgaier, Sema K.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sgaier, Sema K.] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Baer, James; Seifert-Ahanda, Kim] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, London, England. [Rutz, Daniel C.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Div Global HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Parkyn, Rosie] BBC Media Act, London, England. [Laube, Catharine] US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC 20520 USA. RP Sgaier, SK (reprint author), Surgo Fdn, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. EM semasgaier@surgofoundation.org NR 80 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID PI BALTIMORE PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA SN 2169-575X J9 GLOB HEALTH-SCI PRAC JI Glob. Health PD JUN PY 2015 VL 3 IS 2 BP 209 EP 229 DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00020 PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CO2SR UT WOS:000359007400008 PM 26085019 ER PT J AU Wells, WA Uplekar, M Pai, M AF Wells, William A. Uplekar, Mukund Pai, Madhukar TI Achieving Systemic and Scalable Private Sector Engagement in Tuberculosis Care and Prevention in Asia SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-INSURANCE; INDIA; COUNTRIES; NOTIFICATION; HOSPITALS; QUALITY; PATIENT; BURDEN; TAIWAN; IMPACT C1 [Wells, William A.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Uplekar, Mukund] WHO, Global TB Programme, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Pai, Madhukar] McGill Univ, McGill Global Hlth Programs, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Pai, Madhukar] McGill Univ, McGill Int TB Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Wells, WA (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM wwells@usaid.gov FU World Health Organization [001] NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1549-1676 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 12 IS 6 AR e1001842 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001842 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CM0UY UT WOS:000357395500010 PM 26103555 ER PT J AU Ansbro, EM Gill, MM Reynolds, J Shelley, KD Strasser, S Sripipatana, T Ncube, AT Mumba, GT Terris-Prestholt, F Peeling, RW Mabey, D AF Ansbro, Eimhin M. Gill, Michelle M. Reynolds, Joanna Shelley, Katharine D. Strasser, Susan Sripipatana, Tabitha Ncube, Alexander Tshaka Mumba, Grace Tembo Terris-Prestholt, Fern Peeling, Rosanna W. Mabey, David TI Introduction of Syphilis Point-of-Care Tests, from Pilot Study to National Programme Implementation in Zambia: A Qualitative Study of Healthcare Workers' Perspectives on Testing, Training and Quality Assurance SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RAPID DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS; ANTENATAL SYPHILIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; MALARIA DIAGNOSIS; MATERNAL SYPHILIS; HIV; PREGNANCY AB Syphilis affects 1.4 million pregnant women globally each year. Maternal syphilis causes congenital syphilis in over half of affected pregnancies, leading to early foetal loss, pregnancy complications, stillbirth and neonatal death. Syphilis is under-diagnosed in pregnant women. Point-of-care rapid syphilis tests (RST) allow for same-day treatment and address logistical barriers to testing encountered with standard Rapid Plasma Reagin testing. Recent literature emphasises successful introduction of new health technologies requires healthcare worker (HCW) acceptance, effective training, quality monitoring and robust health systems. Following a successful pilot, the Zambian Ministry of Health (MoH) adopted RST into policy, integrating them into prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV clinics in four underserved Zambian districts. We compare HCW experiences, including challenges encountered in scaling up from a highly supported NGO-led pilot to a large-scale MoH-led national programme. Questionnaires were administered through structured interviews of 16 HCWs in two pilot districts and 24 HCWs in two different rollout districts. Supplementary data were gathered via stakeholder interviews, clinic registers and supervisory visits. Using a conceptual framework adapted from health technology literature, we explored RST acceptance and usability. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Key themes in qualitative data were explored using template analysis. Overall, HCWs accepted RST as learnable, suitable, effective tools to improve antenatal services, which were usable in diverse clinical settings. Changes in training, supervision and quality monitoring models between pilot and rollout may have influenced rollout HCW acceptance and compromised testing quality. While quality monitoring was integrated into national policy and training, implementation was limited during rollout despite financial support and mentorship. We illustrate that new health technology pilot research can rapidly translate into policy change and scale-up. However, training, supervision and quality assurance models should be reviewed and strengthened as rollout of the Zambian RST programme continues. C1 [Ansbro, Eimhin M.; Peeling, Rosanna W.; Mabey, David] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London WC1, England. [Gill, Michelle M.] Elizabeth Glaser Pediat AIDS Fdn, Washington, DC USA. [Reynolds, Joanna] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Social & Environm Hlth, London WC1, England. [Shelley, Katharine D.] George Washington Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Washington, DC USA. [Strasser, Susan; Ncube, Alexander Tshaka] Elizabeth Glaser Pediat AIDS Fdn, Lusaka, Zambia. [Sripipatana, Tabitha] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Mumba, Grace Tembo] Minist Hlth, HIV AIDS STI Programme, Lusaka, Zambia. [Terris-Prestholt, Fern] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth & Dev, London WC1, England. RP Ansbro, EM (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London WC1, England. EM ansbroe@yahoo.co.uk OI Mabey, David/0000-0002-0031-8276 FU UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP 47697] FX Funding for the pilot study was from UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (grant no. OPP 47697). The authors received no specific funding for the rollout evaluation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 1 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 6 AR e0127728 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0127728 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CL0KF UT WOS:000356630900077 PM 26030741 ER PT J AU Masters, WA Colaiezzi, B Dennison, K Hill, J Jordan-Bell, E Kablan, A Thurber, M Weatherspoon, LJ Oehmke, J AF Masters, William A. Colaiezzi, Brooke Dennison, Katherine Hill, Jeff Jordan-Bell, Elizabeth Kablan, Ahmed Thurber, Melanie Weatherspoon, Lorraine J. Oehmke, James TI Agricultural policy for improved nutrition in Africa and Asia: evidence to guide the US Government's investments in food security SO FOOD SECURITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Masters, William A.; Colaiezzi, Brooke] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dennison, Katherine; Hill, Jeff; Kablan, Ahmed; Oehmke, James] USAID, Bur Food Secur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Jordan-Bell, Elizabeth] USAID, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Thurber, Melanie] USAID, Off Food Peace, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Weatherspoon, Lorraine J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Masters, WA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM william.masters@tufts.edu RI Masters, William/A-4796-2017 OI Masters, William/0000-0002-4546-7291 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1876-4517 EI 1876-4525 J9 FOOD SECUR JI Food Secur. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 7 IS 3 BP 747 EP 750 DI 10.1007/s12571-015-0444-y PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA CJ2WW UT WOS:000355346400024 ER PT J AU Fazel-Najafabadi, M Peng, JH Peairs, FB Simkova, H Kilian, A Lapitan, NLV AF Fazel-Najafabadi, Mehdi Peng, Junhua Peairs, Frank B. Simkova, Hana Kilian, Andrzej Lapitan, Nora L. V. TI Genetic mapping of resistance to Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) biotype 2 in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accession CI2401 SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE RWA resistance; RWA biotype 2; Marker-assisted selection; Simple sequence repeat markers; Hordeum vulgare ID RUSSIAN WHEAT; APHID-RESISTANCE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; BREAD WHEAT; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; ALLELIC RELATIONSHIPS; MONOSOMIC ANALYSIS; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; UNITED-STATES; SPRING WHEAT AB The RWA, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), is a devastating insect pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) in the United States and in many parts of the world. The use of D. noxia-resistant cultivars is an economically useful approach for protecting cereals from this aphid. However, there are few genes conferring resistance to the most predominant US biotype (Biotype RWA2). Wheat line CI2401, originating from Tajikistan, has been identified to be resistant to RWA2. An F-2-derived F-3 (F-2:3) segregating population developed from a cross between CI2401 and Glupro (a high quality susceptible wheat cultivar) was used to genetically map the resistance in CI2401. Seedlings from F-2 individuals and F-3 families were infested with RWA2 aphids. Seedling reactions were scored as resistant or susceptible based on the degrees of leaf rolling and chlorosis. The observed segregation ratios in the F-2 and F-3 generations indicate the presence of a major dominant gene controlling resistance to RWA2. The gene, named Dn2401, was genetically mapped to the short arm of chromosome 7D. Xbarc214 mapped 1.1 cM and Xgwm473 mapped 1.8 cM distal and proximal, respectively, to the gene. Association studies using more than 12,000 SNPs and SilicoDArTs confirmed the presence of a major signal associated with resistance on chromosome 7DS. In addition, a minor signal was detected in chromosome 1D. The markers developed in this study will be useful for marker-assisted-breeding for resistance to RWA2. C1 [Fazel-Najafabadi, Mehdi; Peng, Junhua; Lapitan, Nora L. V.] Colorado State Univ, Soil & Crop Sci Dept, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Fazel-Najafabadi, Mehdi] Univ Tehran, Univ Coll Aburayhan, Agron & Plant Breeding Dept, Tehran, Iran. [Peng, Junhua] Monsanto China, Vegetable R&D, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Peairs, Frank B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Simkova, Hana] Inst Expt Bot ASCR, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic. [Kilian, Andrzej] Univ Canberra, Divers Arrays Technol Pty Ltd, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia. [Lapitan, Nora L. V.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Food Secur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Lapitan, NLV (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Food Secur, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM nora.lapitan@colostate.edu FU Colorado Wheat Research Foundation; U.S. Department of Agriculture [2009-34205-19960, 2010-34205-21350, 644]; University of Tehran; Czech Science Foundation [P501/12/2554] FX This study was supported in part by the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation, the U.S. Department of Agriculture under Cooperative Agreements USDA Contract No. 2009-34205-19960 and 2010-34205-21350, and Hatch Funds Project No. 644. M.F. was supported through a fellowship from the University of Tehran. The DArTseq studies were supported by the Czech Science Foundation Award No. P501/12/2554. We thank Jeff Rudolph (Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA) for providing the RWA used in these experiments. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 EI 1573-5060 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JUN PY 2015 VL 203 IS 3 BP 607 EP 614 DI 10.1007/s10681-014-1284-0 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA CI5SM UT WOS:000354819700011 ER PT J AU Gale, S Leonardo, T Sato, M D'Cruz, J AF Gale, Steven Leonardo, Teresa Sato, Mariko D'Cruz, Joseph TI Asian Urbanization Futures: Nine Practitioner Recommendations SO JOURNAL OF FUTURES STUDIES LA English DT Article C1 [Gale, Steven; Leonardo, Teresa] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Sato, Mariko] United Nations Settlements Programme UN Habitat, Bangkok, Thailand. [D'Cruz, Joseph] UN Dev Programme, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Gale, S (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, US Global Dev Lab, Ctr Data Analyt & Res, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM Sgale@USAID.gov; tleonardo@usaid.gov; Satom@un.org; joseph.dcruz@undp.org NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAMKANG UNIV PI TAMSUI PA GRAD SCHOOL LANG LIT, TAMSUI, TAIPEI, TAIWAN SN 1027-6084 J9 J FUTURES STUD JI J. Futures Stud. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 19 IS 4 BP 91 EP 102 PG 12 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA DP9SM UT WOS:000378837300006 ER PT J AU Abdeen, Z Ramlawi, A Qaswari, R Abu Alrub, A Dary, O Rambeloson, Z Shahab-Ferdows, S Dror, D Allen, LH Carriquiry, A Salman, R Dkeidek, S AF Abdeen, Ziad Ramlawi, Asa'd Qaswari, Radwan Abu Alrub, Ala' Dary, Omar Rambeloson, Zo Shahab-Ferdows, Setareh Dror, Daphna Allen, Lindsay H. Carriquiry, Alicia Salman, Rand Dkeidek, Sahar TI Predicted efficacy of the Palestinian wheat flour fortification programme: complementary analysis of biochemical and dietary data SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Flour fortification; Nutritional status; Gaza; West Bank; Palestinian Authority ID VITAMIN-A; INTAKE DISTRIBUTIONS; FORTIFIED FLOURS; BREAD; POPULATION; DEFICIENCY; PROBABILITY; RIBOFLAVIN; STABILITY; THIAMINE AB Objective To utilize complementary biochemical and dietary data collected before the initiation of national flour fortification to (i) identify micronutrient insufficiencies or deficiencies and dietary inadequacies in Palestinian women and children in vulnerable communities and (ii) assess the suitability of the current wheat flour fortification formula. Design Quantitative dietary intake questionnaires were administered and fasting venous blood samples collected in randomly selected households in Gaza City and Hebron. The impact of fortification was simulated by estimating the additional micronutrient content of fortified wheat flour. Setting Households in Gaza City and Hebron that were not receiving food aid from social programmes. Subjects Non-pregnant women (18-49 years) and children aged 36-83 months. Results The micronutrients with highest prevalence of insufficiency were vitamin D in women (84-97 % with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<50 nmol/l) and vitamin B-12 in women and children (43-82 % with serum B-12<221 pmol/l). Deficiencies of vitamin A, Fe and Zn were also of public health concern. Current levels of wheat flour fortificants were predicted to improve, but not eliminate, micronutrient intake inadequacies. Modification of fortificant concentrations of vitamin D, thiamin, vitamin B-12, Zn and folic acid may be indicated. Conclusions Micronutrient insufficiencies or deficiencies and intake inadequacies were prevalent based on either biochemical or dietary intake criteria. Adjustments to the current fortification formula for wheat flour are necessary to better meet the nutrient needs of Palestinian women and children. C1 [Abdeen, Ziad; Qaswari, Radwan; Dkeidek, Sahar] Al Quds Univ, Nutr & Hlth Res Inst, Jerusalem, Israel. [Ramlawi, Asa'd; Abu Alrub, Ala'] Minist Hlth, Palestinian Author, Ramallah, West Bank, Israel. [Dary, Omar; Rambeloson, Zo; Salman, Rand] A2Z USAID Project Micronutrients & Child Blindnes, Washington, DC USA. [Shahab-Ferdows, Setareh; Dror, Daphna; Allen, Lindsay H.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Carriquiry, Alicia] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA USA. RP Dary, O (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth HIDN, Ronald Reagan Bldg 3-7-40,1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM DaryPHN@gmail.com FU US Agency for International Development (USAID) [GHS-A-00-05-00012-00] FX This article was made possible by the generous support of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) under the terms of Cooperative Agreement No. GHS-A-00-05-00012-00 to FHI-360 (and before to AED). USAID had no role in the design, analysis, or writing of this article. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 EI 1475-2727 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1358 EP 1368 DI 10.1017/S1368980014001554 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA CG7WW UT WOS:000353518800004 PM 25171194 ER PT J AU Evans, DS Unnasch, TR Richards, FO AF Evans, Darin S. Unnasch, Thomas R. Richards, Frank O. TI Onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis elimination in Africa: it's about time SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 [Evans, Darin S.] USAID, Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Unnasch, Thomas R.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL USA. [Richards, Frank O.] Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Evans, DS (reprint author), USAID, Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM daevans@usaid.gov NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 30 PY 2015 VL 385 IS 9983 BP 2151 EP 2152 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60505-0 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CJ6DG UT WOS:000355583000024 PM 26068266 ER PT J AU Ebener, S Guerra-Arias, M Campbell, J Tatem, AJ Moran, AC Johnson, FA Fogstad, H Stenberg, K Neal, S Bailey, P Porter, R Matthews, Z AF Ebener, Steeve Guerra-Arias, Maria Campbell, James Tatem, Andrew J. Moran, Allisyn C. Johnson, Fiifi Amoako Fogstad, Helga Stenberg, Karin Neal, Sarah Bailey, Patricia Porter, Reid Matthews, Zoe TI The geography of maternal and newborn health: the state of the art SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS LA English DT Review DE Maternal health; Newborn health; Geography; GIS; Inequalities; Millennium development goals ID SMALL-AREA ESTIMATION; INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; OBSTETRIC CARE; DELIVERY CARE; ACCESSIBILITY; MORTALITY; ACCESS; MODEL; COUNTRIES; COVERAGE AB As the deadline for the millennium development goals approaches, it has become clear that the goals linked to maternal and newborn health are the least likely to be achieved by 2015. It is therefore critical to ensure that all possible data, tools and methods are fully exploited to help address this gap. Among the methods that are under-used, mapping has always represented a powerful way to 'tell the story' of a health problem in an easily understood way. In addition to this, the advanced analytical methods and models now being embedded into Geographic Information Systems allow a more in-depth analysis of the causes behind adverse maternal and newborn health (MNH) outcomes. This paper examines the current state of the art in mapping the geography of MNH as a starting point to unleashing the potential of these under-used approaches. Using a rapid literature review and the description of the work currently in progress, this paper allows the identification of methods in use and describes a framework for methodological approaches to inform improved decision-making. The paper is aimed at health metrics and geography of health specialists, the MNH community, as well as policy-makers in developing countries and international donor agencies. C1 [Ebener, Steeve] Gaia GeoSyst, Muscat, Oman. [Guerra-Arias, Maria] ICS Integrare, Barcelona, Spain. [Campbell, James] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Tatem, Andrew J.] Univ Southampton, WorldPop, Southampton, Hants, England. [Moran, Allisyn C.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Johnson, Fiifi Amoako; Neal, Sarah; Matthews, Zoe] Univ Southampton, Southampton, Hants, England. [Fogstad, Helga] NORAD, Oslo, Norway. [Stenberg, Karin; Bailey, Patricia] AMDD & FHI 360, Durham, NC USA. [Porter, Reid] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Ebener, S (reprint author), Gaia GeoSyst, Muscat, Oman. EM steeve.ebener@gaia-geosystems.org OI Neal, Sarah/0000-0003-1812-7221 FU Norwegian Agency for Development (Norad); Norad FX This paper is an output of the 'Mapping for MNH' research project co-managed by ICS Integrare (Spain/UK) and the University of Southampton (UK) and WorldPop project (www.worldpop.org), with funding from the Norwegian Agency for Development (Norad). Our appreciation is extended to Norad for their financial support. NR 67 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-072X J9 INT J HEALTH GEOGR JI Int. J. Health Geogr. PD MAY 27 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 19 DI 10.1186/s12942-015-0012-x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CK0RW UT WOS:000355913500001 PM 26014352 ER PT J AU Fabic, MS Choi, Y Bongaarts, J Darroch, JE Ross, JA Stover, J Tsui, AO Upadhyay, J Starbird, E AF Fabic, Madeleine S. Choi, Yoonjoung Bongaarts, John Darroch, Jacqueline E. Ross, John A. Stover, John Tsui, Amy O. Upadhyay, Jagdish Starbird, Ellen TI Meeting demand for family planning within a generation: the post-2015 agenda SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; TRENDS; NEED C1 [Fabic, Madeleine S.; Choi, Yoonjoung; Starbird, Ellen] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Bongaarts, John] Populat Council, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Darroch, Jacqueline E.] Guttmacher Inst, New York, NY USA. [Ross, John A.] Futures Grp Int, Wallkill, NY USA. [Stover, John] Futures Inst, Glastonbury, CT USA. [Tsui, Amy O.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Upadhyay, Jagdish] UN Populat Fund, New York, NY USA. RP Starbird, E (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM estarbird@usaid.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [R24 HD042854] NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 16 PY 2015 VL 385 IS 9981 BP 1928 EP 1931 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61055-2 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CI1YR UT WOS:000354541700009 PM 24993915 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, James D. TI A public health approach to hypertension SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID MANAGEMENT C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 9 PY 2015 VL 385 IS 9980 BP 1833 EP 1834 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CH6ZE UT WOS:000354184500024 PM 25987154 ER PT J AU Roht-Arriaza, N AF Roht-Arriaza, Naomi TI After Amnesties are Gone: Latin American National Courts and the new Contours of the Fight Against Impunity SO HUMAN RIGHTS QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB Latin America is the one region that, in the wake of massive and systematic violations of human rights, has made inroads into trying such crimes in national courts. After decades in which cases were dismissed on grounds of amnesty, statutes of limitations, or other impediments to trial, these barriers have fallen in a majority of countries. This turnaround while fragile and incomplete is remarkable. It provides important and inspirational lessons for lawyers, judges, and advocates in other regions, and for international justice efforts. Cases involving international crimes in the courts of Latin American countries have experienced distinct phases. In the first phase, advocates confronted barriers to bringing the cases into court at all. In the second and current phase, courts are facing the challenges of organizing trials that involve hundreds of defendants and victims, or using the elements of crimes like genocide to show overall patterns of atrocity. A final, emerging phase shifts the focus from trial to punishment. This phase has led to creative and controversial propositions about reduced sentences, suspended sentences, and alternatives to imprisonment in cases involving international crimes. C1 [Roht-Arriaza, Naomi] Univ Calif San Francisco, Hastings Coll Law, Law, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. [Roht-Arriaza, Naomi] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Roht-Arriaza, Naomi] Board Due Proc Law Fdn, Guerrero, Mexico. [Roht-Arriaza, Naomi] Ctr Justice & Accountabil, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Roht-Arriaza, N (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Hastings Coll Law, Law, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0275-0392 EI 1085-794X J9 HUM RIGHTS QUART JI Hum. Rights Q. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 37 IS 2 BP 341 EP 382 PG 42 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA CI3RF UT WOS:000354664400002 ER PT J AU Pervin, J Gustafsson, FE Moran, AC Roy, S Persson, LA Rahman, A AF Pervin, Jesmin Gustafsson, Frida E. Moran, Allisyn C. Roy, Suchismita Persson, Lars Ake Rahman, Anisur TI Implementing Kangaroo mother care in a resource-limited setting in rural Bangladesh SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Article DE Early Kangaroo mother care; Exclusive breastfeeding; Neonatal mortality; Resource-limited hospital; Skin-to-skin contact ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; NEONATAL SURVIVAL; MORTALITY RISK; LOW-INCOME; PRETERM; DELIVERY; COUNTRY; GROWTH AB AimThis study evaluated stable and unstable low birthweight infants admitted to a Kangaroo mother care (KMC) unit at a resource-limited rural hospital in Bangladesh. MethodsThis was a descriptive consecutive patient series study of 423 low birthweight neonates <2500g enrolled from July 2007 to December 2010. KMC was initiated as soon as possible after birth, regardless of health, and we monitored skin-to-skin contact, weight gain, exclusive breastfeeding, length of hospital stay and death rates. ResultsMean birthweight was 1796g, and mean gestational age was 34.9weeks. Mean (median, 90th percentile) time of skin-to-skin initiation for stable and unstable neonates was 1.1h (0.3-2.5) and 1.7h (0.3-3.0), respectively. Adjusted mean daily skin-to-skin contact duration was significantly higher for unstable infants. About 99% of neonates were exclusively breastfed. The death rate was 8.3% (stable 1.9%, unstable 19%) at discharge. Neonatal mortality rate was 90 per 1000 live births (stable: 23 per 1000; unstable: 203 per 1000). ConclusionSkin-to-skin duration was higher for unstable than stable low birthweight infants, and exclusive breastfeeding was almost universal at discharge. KMC was suitable for unstable infants and may be successfully implemented in resource-limited hospitals. C1 [Pervin, Jesmin; Rahman, Anisur] ICDDR B, Ctr Reprod Hlth, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. [Gustafsson, Frida E.; Persson, Lars Ake] Uppsala Univ, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Int Maternal & Child Hlth, Uppsala, Sweden. [Moran, Allisyn C.] US Agcy Int Dev, Global Hlth Fellows Program 2, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Roy, Suchismita] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. RP Pervin, J (reprint author), ICDDR B, Ctr Reprod Hlth, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. EM jpervin@icddrb.org FU ICDDR,B; Australian Agency for International Development; Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh; Canadian International Development Agency; Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency; Department for International Development, UK FX This research study was funded by ICDDR,B and its donors provided unrestricted support to ICDDR,B for its operations and research. Current donors providing much appreciated unrestricted support include the following: the Australian Agency for International Development, the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh; the Canadian International Development Agency, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency and the Department for International Development, UK. The authors are also grateful to Dr Nguyen T Nga from the Vietnam Swedish Hospital, Uong Bi, Vietnam, for her assistance in the initial training and development at the KMC unit in Matlab. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0803-5253 EI 1651-2227 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 104 IS 5 BP 458 EP 465 DI 10.1111/apa.12929 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA CG9NT UT WOS:000353643400018 PM 25639951 ER PT J AU Baqui, AH Saha, SK Ahmed, ASMNU Shahidullah, M Quasem, I Roth, DE Samsuzzaman, AKM Ahmed, W Bin Tabib, SMS Mitra, DK Begum, N Islam, M Mahmud, A Rahman, MH Moin, MI Mullany, LC Cousens, S El Arifeen, S Wall, S Brandes, N Santosham, M Black, RE AF Baqui, Abdullah H. Saha, Samir K. Ahmed, A. S. M. Nawshad Uddin Shahidullah, Mohammad Quasem, Iftekhar Roth, Daniel E. Samsuzzaman, A. K. M. Ahmed, Wazir Bin Tabib, S. M. Shahnawaz Mitra, Dipak K. Begum, Nazma Islam, Maksuda Mahmud, Arif Rahman, Mohammad Hefzur Moin, Mamun Ibne Mullany, Luke C. Cousens, Simon El Arifeen, Shams Wall, Stephen Brandes, Neal Santosham, Mathuram Black, Robert E. CA Projahnmo Study Grp Bangladesh TI Safety and efficacy of alternative antibiotic regimens compared with 7 day injectable procaine benzylpenicillin and gentamicin for outpatient treatment of neonates and young infants with clinical signs of severe infection when referral is not possible: a randomised, open-label, equivalence trial SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-HEALTH WORKERS; RURAL INDIA; MORTALITY; CHILDREN; CARE; CHLORHEXIDINE; BANGLADESH; OMPHALITIS; PREVENTION; MANAGEMENT AB Background Severe infections remain one of the main causes of neonatal deaths worldwide. Possible severe infection is diagnosed in young infants (aged 0-59 days) according to the presence of one or more clinical signs. The recommended treatment is hospital admission with 7-10 days of injectable antibiotic therapy. In low-income and middle-income countries, barriers to hospital care lead to delayed, inadequate, or no treatment for many young infants. We aimed to identify effective alternative antibiotic regimens to expand treatment options for situations where hospital admission is not possible. Methods We did this randomised, open-label, equivalence trial in four urban hospitals and one rural field site in Bangladesh to determine whether two alternative antibiotic regimens with reduced numbers of injectable antibiotics combined with oral antibiotics had similar efficacy and safety to the standard regimen, which was also used as outpatient treatment. We randomly assigned infants who showed at least one clinical sign of severe, but not critical, infection (except fast breathing alone), whose parents refused hospital admission, to one of the three treatment regimens. We stratified randomisation by study site and age (<7 days or 7-59 days) using computer-generated randomisation sequences. The standard treatment was intramuscular procaine benzylpenicillin and gentamicin once per day for 7 days (group A). The alternative regimens were intramuscular gentamicin once per day and oral amoxicillin twice per day for 7 days (group B) or intramuscular procaine benzylpenicillin and gentamicin once per day for 2 days, then oral amoxicillin twice per day for 5 days (group C). The primary outcome was treatment failure within 7 days after enrolment. Assessors of treatment failure were masked to treatment allocation. Primary analysis was per protocol. We used a prespecified similarity margin of 5% to assess equivalence between regimens. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00844337. Findings Between July 1, 2009, and June 30, 2013, we recruited 2490 young infants into the trial. We assigned 830 infants to group A, 831 infants to group B, and 829 infants to group C. 2367 (95%) infants fulfilled per-protocol criteria. 78 (10%) of 795 per-protocol infants had treatment failure in group A compared with 65 (8%) of 782 infants in group B (risk difference -1.5%, 95% CI -4.3 to 1.3) and 64 (8%) of 790 infants in group C (-1.7%, -4.5 to 1.1). In group A, 14 (2%) infants died before day 15, compared with 12 (2%) infants in group B and 12 (2%) infants in group C. Non-fatal relapse rates were similar in all three groups (12 [2%] infants in group A vs 13 [ 2%] infants in group B and 10 [1%] infants in group C). Interpretation Our results suggest that the two alternative antibiotic regimens for outpatient treatment of clinical signs of severe infection in young infants whose parents refused hospital admission are as efficacious as the standard regimen. This finding could increase treatment options in resource-poor settings when referral care is not available or acceptable. C1 [Baqui, Abdullah H.; Mitra, Dipak K.; Begum, Nazma; Mahmud, Arif; Rahman, Mohammad Hefzur; Moin, Mamun Ibne; Mullany, Luke C.; Santosham, Mathuram; Black, Robert E.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Int Ctr Maternal & Newborn Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Saha, Samir K.; Ahmed, A. S. M. Nawshad Uddin; Quasem, Iftekhar; Islam, Maksuda] Dhaka Shishu Hosp, Child Hlth Res Fdn, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Shahidullah, Mohammad] Bangabandhu Shaikh Mujib Med Univ, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Roth, Daniel E.] Hosp Sick Children, Dept Paediat, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Roth, Daniel E.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Samsuzzaman, A. K. M.] Shishu Sasthya Fdn, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Ahmed, Wazir] Chittagong Ma OShishu Hosp, Chittagong, Bangladesh. [Bin Tabib, S. M. Shahnawaz] Inst Child & Mother Hlth, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Cousens, Simon] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1, England. [El Arifeen, Shams] Icddr B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Wall, Stephen] Save Children Federat, Saving Newborn Lives, Washington, DC USA. [Brandes, Neal] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Baqui, AH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Int Ctr Maternal & Newborn Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM abaqui@jhu.edu FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) [GHS-A-00-09-00004-00]; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Saving Newborn Lives programme of Save the Children Federation (SNL-SCF) through Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX This study was funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), through a cooperative agreement (GHS-A-00-09-00004-00) with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and by the Saving Newborn Lives programme of Save the Children Federation (SNL-SCF), through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. We thank the families who participated in the study and gave their time, and the study team members. We thank the members of the technical steering committee-Jerome Osias Klein, Patricia Lavonne Hibberd, William Blackwelder, and Marian Eslie Jacobs-and data safety monitoring board-Stephanie Jean Schrag, Asma Fozia Qureshi, William Bruce MacLeod, Vinod Kumar Paul, and Harpshal Singh Sachdev for their valuable oversight and guidance to the study. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2214-109X J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH JI Lancet Glob. Health PD MAY PY 2015 VL 3 IS 5 BP E279 EP E287 DI 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70347-X PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CG3BF UT WOS:000353150900014 PM 25841891 ER PT J AU Summers, SK Rainey, R Kaur, M Graham, JP AF Summers, Sarah K. Rainey, Rochelle Kaur, Maneet Graham, Jay P. TI CO2 and H2O: Understanding Different Stakeholder Perspectives on the Use of Carbon Credits to Finance Household Water Treatment Projects SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MICROBIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS; HYGIENE BEHAVIOR; RURAL GUATEMALA; DRINKING-WATER; QUESTIONNAIRES; REACTIVITY; SENSORS; COST AB Background Carbon credits are an increasingly prevalent market-based mechanism used to subsidize household water treatment technologies (HWT). This involves generating credits through the reduction of carbon emissions from boiling water by providing a technology that reduces greenhouse gas emissions linked to climate change. Proponents claim this process delivers health and environmental benefits by providing clean drinking water and reducing greenhouse gases. Selling carbon credits associated with HWT projects requires rigorous monitoring to ensure households are using the HWT and achieving the desired benefits of the device. Critics have suggested that the technologies provide neither the benefits of clean water nor reduced emissions. This study explores the perspectives of carbon credit and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) experts on HWT carbon credit projects. Methods Thirteen semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants from the WASH and carbon credit development sectors. The interviews explored perceptions of the two groups with respect to the procedures applied in the Gold Standard methodology for trading Voluntary Emission Reduction (VER) credits. Results Agreement among the WASH and carbon credit experts existed for the concept of suppressed demand and parameters in the baseline water boiling test. Key differences, however, existed. WASH experts' responses highlighted a focus on objectively verifiable data for monitoring carbon projects while carbon credit experts called for contextualizing observed data with the need for flexibility and balancing financial viability with quality assurance. Conclusions Carbon credit projects have the potential to become an important financing mechanism for clean energy in low- and middle-income countries. Based on this research we recommend that more effort be placed on building consensus on the underlying assumptions for obtaining carbon credits from HWT projects, as well as the approved methods for monitoring correct and consistent use of the HWT technologies in order to support public health impacts. C1 [Summers, Sarah K.; Graham, Jay P.] George Washington Univ, Milken Inst Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Rainey, Rochelle] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Kaur, Maneet] Berkeley Air Monitoring Grp, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Graham, JP (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Milken Inst Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM jgraham@gwu.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 30 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 4 AR UNSP e0122894 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0122894 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CH0MA UT WOS:000353713100011 PM 25928139 ER PT J AU Mnzava, AP Knox, TB Temu, EA Trett, A Fornadel, C Hemingway, J Renshaw, M AF Mnzava, Abraham P. Knox, Tessa B. Temu, Emmanuel A. Trett, Anna Fornadel, Christen Hemingway, Janet Renshaw, Melanie TI Implementation of the global plan for insecticide resistance management in malaria vectors: progress, challenges and the way forward SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Insecticide resistance; Malaria vectors; GPIRM; Resource deficiencies ID PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; EFFICACY; NETS AB In recent years, there has been an increase in resistance of malaria vectors to insecticides, particularly to pyrethroids which are widely used in insecticide-treated nets. The Global Plan for Insecticide Resistance Management in malaria vectors (GPIRM), released in May 2012, is a collective strategy for the malaria community to tackle this challenge. This review outlines progress made to date and the challenges experienced in the implementation of GPIRM, and outlines focus areas requiring urgent attention. Whilst there has been some advancement, uptake of GPIRM at the national level has generally been poor for various reasons, including limited availability of vector control tools with new mechanisms of action as well as critical financial, human and infrastructural resource deficiencies. There is an urgent need for a global response plan to address these deficits and ensure the correct and efficient use of available tools in order to maintain the effectiveness of current vector control efforts whilst novel vector control tools are under development. Emphasis must be placed on enhancing national capacities (such as human and infrastructural resources) to enable efficient monitoring and management of insecticide resistance, and to support availability and accessibility of appropriate new vector control products. Lack of action by the global community to address the threat of insecticide resistance is unacceptable and deprives affected communities of their basic right of universal access to effective malaria prevention. Aligning efforts and assigning the needed resources will ensure the optimal implementation of GPIRM with the ultimate goal of maintaining effective malaria vector control. C1 [Mnzava, Abraham P.; Knox, Tessa B.; Temu, Emmanuel A.; Trett, Anna] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Temu, Emmanuel A.] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland. [Temu, Emmanuel A.] Univ Basel, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland. [Fornadel, Christen] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Hemingway, Janet] Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Renshaw, Melanie] Africa Leaders Malaria Alliance, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Mnzava, AP (reprint author), WHO, Ave Appia 20, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM mnzavaa@who.int OI Hemingway, Janet/0000-0002-3200-7173 FU World Health Organization [001] NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD APR 23 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 173 DI 10.1186/s12936-015-0693-4 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CH4QR UT WOS:000354018500001 PM 25899397 ER PT J AU Thawer, NG Ngondi, JM Mugalura, FE Emmanuel, I Mwalimu, CD Morou, E Vontas, J Protopopoff, N Rowland, M Mutagahywa, J Lalji, S Molteni, F Ramsan, MM Willilo, R Wright, A Kafuko, JM Ndong, I Reithinger, R Magesa, SM AF Thawer, Narjis G. Ngondi, Jeremiah M. Mugalura, Frances E. Emmanuel, Isaac Mwalimu, Charles D. Morou, Evangelia Vontas, John Protopopoff, Natacha Rowland, Mark Mutagahywa, Joshua Lalji, Shabbir Molteni, Fabrizio Ramsan, Mahdi M. Willilo, Ritha Wright, Alexandra Kafuko, Jessica M. Ndong, Isaiah Reithinger, Richard Magesa, Stephen Masingili TI Use of insecticide quantification kits to investigate the quality of spraying and decay rate of bendiocarb on different wall surfaces in Kagera region, Tanzania SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article DE Insecticide quantification kit; Bendiocarb; Indoor residual spraying; Residual life; IRS coverage; Quality of spraying; Tanzania ID NORTH-EASTERN TANZANIA; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; MALARIA CONTROL; WEST-AFRICA; EQUATORIAL-GUINEA; NATIONAL CAMPAIGN; RESIDUAL LIFE; TREATED NETS; RESISTANCE; BENIN AB Background: Bendiocarb was introduced for the first time for Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) in Tanzania in 2012 as part of the interim national insecticide resistance management plan. This move followed reports of increasingly alarming levels of pyrethroid resistance across the country. This study used the insecticide quantification kit (IQK) to investigate the intra-operational IRS coverage and quality of spraying, and decay rate of bendiocarb on different wall surfaces in Kagera region. Methods: To assess intra-operational IRS coverage and quality of spraying, 104 houses were randomly selected out of 161,414 sprayed houses. A total of 509 samples (218 in Muleba and 291 in Karagwe) were obtained by scraping the insecticide samples from wall surfaces. To investigate decay rate, 66 houses (36 in Muleba and 30 in Karagwe) were selected and samples were collected monthly for a period of five months. Laboratory testing of insecticide concentration was done using IQK (TM) [Innovative Vector Control Consortium]. Results: Of the 509 samples, 89.5% met the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended concentration (between 100-400 mg/m(2)) for IRS target dosage. The proportion of samples meeting WHO standards varied between Karagwe (84.3%) and Muleba (96.3%) (p < 0.001). Assessment of quality of spraying at house level revealed that Muleba (84.8%) had a significantly higher proportion of households that met the expected target dosage (100-400 mg/m(2)) compared to Karagwe (68.9%) (p < 0.001). The quality of spraying varied across different wall substrates in both districts. Evaluation of bendiocarb decay showed that the proportion of houses with recommended concentration declined from 96.9%,93.5% and 76.2% at months one, two, and three post IRS, respectively (p trend = 0.03). The rate of decay increased in the fourth and fifth month post spraying with only 55.9% and 26.3% houses meeting the WHO recommendations, respectively. Conclusion: IQK is an important tool for assessing IRS coverage and quality of spraying. The study found adequate coverage of IRS; however, residual life of bendiocarb was observed to be three months. Results suggest that in order to maintain the recommended concentrations with bendiocarb, a second spray cycle should be carried out after three months. C1 [Thawer, Narjis G.; Ngondi, Jeremiah M.; Mutagahywa, Joshua; Lalji, Shabbir; Ramsan, Mahdi M.; Willilo, Ritha; Magesa, Stephen Masingili] RTI Int, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Mugalura, Frances E.] Sengerema Hlth Inst, Sengerema, Tanzania. [Emmanuel, Isaac] ACDI VOCA, Morogoro, Tanzania. [Mwalimu, Charles D.] Natl Malaria Control Programme, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Morou, Evangelia] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Morou, Evangelia] Univ Crete, Dept Biol, Iraklion, Greece. [Vontas, John] Agr Univ Athens, Fac Crop Sci, Pesticide Sci Lab, GR-11855 Athens, Greece. [Vontas, John] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Iraklion 73100, Greece. [Protopopoff, Natacha; Rowland, Mark; Wright, Alexandra] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. [Molteni, Fabrizio] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Kafuko, Jessica M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Abuja, Nigeria. [Ndong, Isaiah] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Reithinger, Richard] RTI Int, Washington, DC USA. RP Magesa, SM (reprint author), RTI Int, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. EM smagesa@rti.org OI Protopopoff, Natacha/0000-0001-6698-4936 FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) via the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) [621-A-00-10-00015-00] FX This study was made possible through support provided to the Tanzania Vector Control Scale-up Project [Cooperative Agreement 621-A-00-10-00015-00] by the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) via the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and an inter-agency agreement with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The IQK technologies were developed by the London School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) using funding made available through Innovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC) by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, CDC, or other employing organizations or sources of funding. The sponsors of this study had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or the writing of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD APR 22 PY 2015 VL 8 AR 242 DI 10.1186/s13071-015-0859-5 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA CH7SO UT WOS:000354237100001 PM 25896604 ER PT J AU Bateganya, MH Dong, MX Oguntomilade, J Suraratdecha, C AF Bateganya, Moses H. Dong, Maxia Oguntomilade, John Suraratdecha, Chutima TI The Impact of Social Services Interventions in Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence of Impact on Clinical Outcomes in People Living With HIV SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE economic strengthening; social services; mortality; morbidity; retention; quality of life; developing countries ID MICROFINANCE; HEALTH AB Background:Social service interventions have been implemented in many countries to help people living with HIV (PLHIV) and household members cope with economic burden as a result of reduced earning or increased spending on health care. However, the evidence for specific interventionseconomic strengthening and legal serviceson key health outcomes has not been appraised.Methods:We searched electronic databases from January 1995 to May 2014 and reviewed relevant literature from resource-limited settings on the impact of social service interventions on mortality, morbidity, retention in HIV care, quality of life, and ongoing HIV transmission and their cost-effectiveness.Results:Of 1685 citations, 8 articles reported the health impact of economic strengthening interventions among PLHIV in resource-limited settings. None reported on legal services. Six of the 8 studies were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa: 1 reported on all 5 outcomes and 2 reported on 4 and 2 outcomes, respectively. The remaining 5 reported on 1 outcome each. Seven studies reported on quality of life. Although all studies reported some association between economic strengthening interventions and HIV care outcomes, the quality of evidence was rated fair or poor because studies were of low research rigor (observational or qualitative), had small sample size, or had other limitations. The expected impact of economic strengthening interventions was rated as high for quality of life but uncertain for all the other outcomes.Conclusions:Implementation of economic strengthening interventions is expected to have a high impact on the quality of life for PLHIV but uncertain impact on mortality, morbidity, retention in care, and HIV transmission. More rigorous research is needed to explore the impact of more targeted intervention components on health outcomes. C1 [Bateganya, Moses H.; Dong, Maxia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Global AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Oguntomilade, John] US Dept HHS, Bur Hlth Workforce, Off Global Hlth Affairs S Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. [Suraratdecha, Chutima] US Agcy Int Dev, Hlth Econ & Financing Off HIV AIDS, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Bateganya, MH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mbateganya@cdc.gov FU US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA); United States Agency for International Development (USAID) FX Supported by the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 68 SU 3 BP S357 EP S367 DI 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000498 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CH6CN UT WOS:000354123500012 PM 25768875 ER PT J AU Bateganya, MH Amanyeiwe, U Roxo, U Dong, MX AF Bateganya, Moses H. Amanyeiwe, Ugo Roxo, Uchechi Dong, Maxia TI Impact of Support Groups for People Living With HIV on Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review of the Literature SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE support groups; clinical outcomes; resource-limited settings; PLHIV ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SOUTH-AFRICA; DISCLOSURE; PROGRAM; DEPRESSION; ACCESS; WOMEN AB Background:Support groups for people living with HIV are integrated into HIV care and treatment programs as a modality for increasing patient literacy and as an intervention to address the psychosocial needs of patients. However, the impact of support groups on key health outcomes has not been fully determined.Methods:We searched electronic databases from January 1995 through May 2014 and reviewed relevant literature on the impact of support groups on mortality, morbidity, retention in HIV care, quality of life (QOL), and ongoing HIV transmission, as well as their cost-effectiveness.Results:Of 1809 citations identified, 20 met the inclusion criteria. One reported on mortality, 7 on morbidity, 5 on retention in care, 7 on QOL, and 7 on ongoing HIV transmission. Eighteen (90%) of the articles reported largely positive results on the impact of support group interventions on key outcomes. Support groups were associated with reduced mortality and morbidity, increased retention in care, and improved QOL. Because of study limitations, the overall quality of evidence was rated as fair for mortality, morbidity, retention in care, and QOL, and poor for HIV transmission.Conclusions:Implementing support groups as an intervention is expected to have a high impact on morbidity and retention in care and a moderate impact on mortality and QOL of people living with HIV. Support groups improve disclosure with potential prevention benefits but the impact on ongoing transmission is uncertain. It is unclear whether this intervention is cost-effective given the paucity of studies in this area. C1 [Bateganya, Moses H.; Dong, Maxia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Global AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Amanyeiwe, Ugo] US Agcy Int Dev, Tech Leadership & Res Div, Off HIV & AIDS, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Roxo, Uchechi] US Agcy Int Dev, Strateg Planning Evaluat & Res Div, Off HIV & AIDS, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Bateganya, MH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mbateganya@cdc.gov FU US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); United States Agency for International Development (USAID) FX Supported by the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 68 SU 3 BP S368 EP S374 DI 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000519 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CH6CN UT WOS:000354123500013 PM 25768876 ER PT J AU Kaplan, JE Hamm, TE Forhan, S Hassani, AS Bang, G Weyant, E Tchuenche, M Langley, C Lapidos-Salaiz, I Bateganya, MH AF Kaplan, Jonathan E. Hamm, Tiffany E. Forhan, Sara Hassani, Ahmed Saadani Bang, Gail Weyant, Emily Tchuenche, Michel Langley, Carol Lapidos-Salaiz, Ilana Bateganya, Moses H. TI The Impact of HIV Care and Support Interventions on Key Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Literature Review-Introduction SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article C1 [Kaplan, Jonathan E.; Forhan, Sara; Hassani, Ahmed Saadani; Tchuenche, Michel; Bateganya, Moses H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hamm, Tiffany E.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Hamm, Tiffany E.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Bethesda, MD USA. [Bang, Gail; Weyant, Emily] CDC, Div Epidemiol Anal & Lib Serv, Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Langley, Carol] US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator & Hlth Diplomacy, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Lapidos-Salaiz, Ilana] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Kaplan, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Mailstop E-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jxk2@cdc.gov FU US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the US Department of State, Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator and Health Diplomacy; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; US Agency for International Development; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. [W81XWH-07-2-0067]; US Department of Defense [W81XWH-07-2-0067] FX Supported by the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the US Department of State, Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator and Health Diplomacy, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the US Agency for International Development, and also supported through a cooperative agreement (W81XWH-07-2-0067) between The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. and the US Department of Defense. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 68 SU 3 BP S253 EP S256 DI 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000495 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CH6CN UT WOS:000354123500001 PM 25768864 ER PT J AU Langley, CL Lapidos-Salaiz, I Hamm, TE Bateganya, MH Firth, J Wilson, M Martin, J Dierberg, K AF Langley, Carol L. Lapidos-Salaiz, Ilana Hamm, Tiffany E. Bateganya, Moses H. Firth, Jacqueline Wilson, Melinda Martin, Julia Dierberg, Kerry TI Prioritizing HIV Care and Support Interventions-Moving From Evidence to Policy SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; care; support; policy; LMIC C1 [Langley, Carol L.; Martin, Julia; Dierberg, Kerry] US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator & Hlth Diplomacy S, Washington, DC 20522 USA. [Lapidos-Salaiz, Ilana; Firth, Jacqueline; Wilson, Melinda] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Hamm, Tiffany E.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Hamm, Tiffany E.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Bethesda, MD USA. [Bateganya, Moses H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Langley, CL (reprint author), US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator & Hlth Diplomacy S, SA-22,Room 10300, Washington, DC 20522 USA. EM langleycl@state.gov FU US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the United States Department of State, Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator and Health Diplomacy; US Centers for Disease Control; US Agency for International Development; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. [W81XWH-07-2-0067]; US Department of Defense [W81XWH-07-2-0067] FX Supported by the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the United States Department of State, Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator and Health Diplomacy, the US Centers for Disease Control, and the US Agency for International Development as well as supported through a cooperative agreement (W81XWH-07-2-0067) between The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. and the US Department of Defense. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 68 SU 3 BP S375 EP S378 DI 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000545 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CH6CN UT WOS:000354123500014 PM 25768877 ER PT J AU Medley, A Bachanas, P Grillo, M Hasen, N Amanyeiwe, U AF Medley, Amy Bachanas, Pamela Grillo, Michael Hasen, Nina Amanyeiwe, Ugochukwu TI Integrating Prevention Interventions for People Living With HIV Into Care and Treatment Programs: A Systematic Review of the Evidence SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Review DE HIV; AIDS; resource-limited settings; HIV prevention; people living with HIV; positive health; dignity; and prevention ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; FAMILY-PLANNING-SERVICES; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ADHERENCE; HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS; SOUTH-AFRICA; DISCORDANT COUPLES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE AB Introduction:This review assesses the impact of prevention interventions for people living with HIV on HIV-related mortality, morbidity, retention in care, quality of life, and prevention of ongoing HIV transmission in resource-limited settings (RLSs).Methods:We conducted a systematic review of studies reporting the results of prevention interventions for people living with HIV in RLS published between January 2000 and August 2014. Standardized methods of searching and data abstraction were used.Results:Ninety-two studies met the eligibility criteria: 24 articles related to adherence counseling and support, 13 on risk reduction education and condom provision, 19 on partner HIV testing and counseling, 14 on provision of family planning services, and 22 on assessment and treatment of other sexually transmitted infections. Findings indicate good evidence that adherence counseling and sexually transmitted infection treatment can have a high impact on morbidity, whereas risk reduction education, partner HIV testing and counseling, and family planning counseling can prevent transmission of HIV. More limited evidence was found to support the impact of these interventions on retention in care and quality of life. Most studies did not report cost information, making it difficult to draw conclusions about the cost-effectiveness of these interventions.Conclusions:This evidence suggests that these prevention interventions, if brought to sufficient scale and coverage, can help support and optimize the impact of core treatment and prevention interventions in RLS. Further operational research with more rigorous study designs, and ideally with biomarkers and costing information, is needed to determine the best model for providing these interventions in RLS. C1 [Medley, Amy; Bachanas, Pamela] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Grillo, Michael] US Dept Def, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, HIV AIDS Prevent Program, San Diego, CA USA. [Hasen, Nina] US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator & Hlth Diplomacy, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Amanyeiwe, Ugochukwu] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Medley, A (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM amedley@cdc.gov FU US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the US Department of State Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator and Health Diplomacy; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; US Department of Defense; US Agency for International Development FX Supported by the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the US Department of State Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator and Health Diplomacy, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the US Department of Defense, and the US Agency for International Development. NR 109 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 68 SU 3 BP S286 EP S296 DI 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000520 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CH6CN UT WOS:000354123500005 PM 25768868 ER PT J AU Stabinski, L O'Connor, S Barnhart, M Kahn, RJ Hamm, TE AF Stabinski, Lara O'Connor, Siobhan Barnhart, Matthew Kahn, Rebecca J. Hamm, Tiffany E. TI Prevalence of HIV and Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Potential Impact and Program Feasibility of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Screening in Resource-Limited Settings SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B virus; resource-limited setting; hepatitis B surface antigen; rapid strip assay; HIV; HBV co-infection ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RECEIVING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CAMILLE MEDICAL-CENTER; C VIRAL COINFECTIONS; DAR-ES-SALAAM; INFECTED PATIENTS; SOUTH-AFRICA; PREGNANT-WOMEN; BURKINA-FASO; POSITIVE PATIENTS AB Background:Screening people living with HIV for hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is recommended in resource-rich settings to optimize HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) and mitigate HBV-related liver disease. This review examines the need, feasibility, and impact of screening for HBV in resource-limited settings (RLS).Methods:We searched 6 databases to identify peer-reviewed publications between 2007 and 2013 addressing (1) HIV/HBV co-infection frequency in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA); (2) performance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) rapid strip assays (RSAs) in RLS; (3) impact of HBV co-infection on morbidity, mortality, or liver disease progression; and/or (4) impact of HBV-suppressive antiretroviral medications as part of ART on at least one of 5 outcomes (mortality, morbidity, HIV transmission, retention in HIV care, or quality of life). We rated the quality of individual articles and summarized the body of evidence and expected impact of each intervention per outcome addressed.Results:Of 3940 identified studies, 85 were included in the review: 55 addressed HIV/HBV co-infection frequency; 6 described HBsAg RSA performance; and 24 addressed the impact of HIV/HBV co-infection and ART. HIV/HBV frequency in sub-Saharan Africa varied from 0% to >28.4%. RSA performance in RLS showed good, although variable, sensitivity and specificity. Quality of studies ranged from strong to weak. Overall quality of evidence for the impact of HIV/HBV co-infection and ART on morbidity and mortality was fair and good to fair, respectively.Conclusions:Combined, the body of evidence reviewed suggests that HBsAg screening among people living with HIV could have substantial impact on preventing morbidity and mortality among HIV/HBV co-infected individuals in RLS. C1 [Stabinski, Lara; Kahn, Rebecca J.] US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator & Hlth Diplomacy, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [O'Connor, Siobhan] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Barnhart, Matthew] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV & AIDS, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Hamm, Tiffany E.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Hamm, Tiffany E.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Stabinski, L (reprint author), US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator & Hlth Diplomacy, 1800 G St NW,SA-22, Washington, DC 20006 USA. EM stabinskill@state.gov FU US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the United States Department of State, Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator and Health Diplomacy; US Agency for International Development; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. [W81XWH-07-2-0067]; US Department of Defense [W81XWH-07-2-0067] FX Supported by the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the United States Department of State, Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator and Health Diplomacy, the US Agency for International Development, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as supported through a cooperative agreement (W81XWH-07-2-0067) between the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. and the US Department of Defense. NR 98 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 68 SU 3 BP S274 EP S285 DI 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000496 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CH6CN UT WOS:000354123500004 PM 25768867 ER PT J AU Mutagahywa, J Ijumba, JN Pratap, HB Molteni, F Mugarula, FE Magesa, SM Ramsan, MM Kafuko, JM Nyanza, EC Mwaipape, O Rutta, JG Mwalimu, CD Ndong, I Reithinger, R Thawer, NG Ngondi, JM AF Mutagahywa, Joshua Ijumba, Jasper N. Pratap, Harish B. Molteni, Fabrizio Mugarula, Frances E. Magesa, Stephen M. Ramsan, Mahdi M. Kafuko, Jessica M. Nyanza, Elias C. Mwaipape, Osia Rutta, Juma G. Mwalimu, Charles D. Ndong, Isaiah Reithinger, Richard Thawer, Narjis G. Ngondi, Jeremiah M. TI The impact of different sprayable surfaces on the effectiveness of indoor residual spraying using a micro encapsulated formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin against Anopheles gambiae s.s. SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article DE Indoor residual spraying; Lambda-cyhalothrin; Wall surfaces; Anopheles gambiae ss; Mainland Tanzania; Zanzibar AB Background: The type of sprayable surface impacts on residual efficacy of insecticide used in indoor residual spraying (IRS). However, there is limited data on common types of wall surfaces sprayed in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania where IRS began in 2006 and 2007 respectively. The study investigated residual efficacy of micro-encapsulated lambda-cyhalothrin sprayed on common surfaces of human dwellings and domestic animal shelters in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania. Methods: An experimental hut was constructed with different types of materials simulating common sprayable surfaces in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania. Surfaces included cement plastered wall, mud-daub, white-wash, wood, palm-thatch, galvanized iron-sheets, burnt-bricks, limestone and oil-paint. The World Health Organization (WHO) procedure for IRS was used to spray lambda-cyhalothrin on surfaces at the dose of 20-25 mg/m(2). Residual efficacy of insecticide was monitored through cone bioassay using laboratory-reared mosquitoes; Kisumu strain (R-70) of Anopheles gambiae ss. Cone bioassay was done every fortnight for a period of 152 days. The WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) threshold (80% mortality) was used as cut-off point for acceptable residual efficacy. Results: A total of 5,800 mosquitoes were subjected to contact cone bioassay to test residual efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin. There was a statistically significant variation in residual efficacy between the different types of wall surfaces (r = 0.24; p < 0.001). Residual efficacy decreased with increasing pH of the substrate (r = -0.5; p < 0.001). Based on WHOPES standards, shorter residual efficacy (42-56 days) was found in wall substrates made of cement, limestone, mud-daub, oil paint and white wash. Burnt bricks retained the residual efficacy up to 134 days while galvanized iron sheets, palm thatch and wood retained the recommended residual efficacy beyond 152 days. Conclusion: The study revealed a wide variation in residual efficacy of micro encapsulated formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin across the different types of wall surfaces studied. In areas where malaria transmission is bimodal and wall surfaces with short residual efficacy comprise > 20% of sprayable structures, two rounds of IRS using lambda-cyhalothrin should be considered. Further studies are required to investigate the impact of sprayable surfaces on residual efficacy of other insecticides commonly used for IRS in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania. C1 [Mutagahywa, Joshua; Magesa, Stephen M.; Ramsan, Mahdi M.; Mwaipape, Osia; Rutta, Juma G.; Thawer, Narjis G.; Ngondi, Jeremiah M.] RTI Int, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Mutagahywa, Joshua; Pratap, Harish B.] Univ Dar Es Salaam, Dept Zool, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Mutagahywa, Joshua; Pratap, Harish B.] Univ Dar Es Salaam, Wildlife Conservat Coll Nat & Appl Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Ijumba, Jasper N.] Nelson Mandela African Inst Sci & Technol, Arusha, Tanzania. [Molteni, Fabrizio] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Molteni, Fabrizio; Mwalimu, Charles D.] Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Natl Malaria Control Program, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Mugarula, Frances E.] Sengerema Hlth Inst, Sengerema, Tanzania. [Kafuko, Jessica M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Abuja, Nigeria. [Nyanza, Elias C.] Catholic Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Mwanza, Tanzania. [Ndong, Isaiah] RTI Int, Durham, NC USA. [Reithinger, Richard] RTI Int, Washington, DC USA. RP Mutagahywa, J (reprint author), RTI Int, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. EM mmutagahywa@yahoo.com FU President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) via the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) [621-A-00-10-00015-00]; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX This study was made possible through support provided to the Tanzania Vector Control Scale-up Project [Cooperative Agreement 621-A-00-10-00015-00] by the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) via the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and an inter-agency agreement with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, CDC, or other employing organizations or sources of funding. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD APR 3 PY 2015 VL 8 AR 203 DI 10.1186/s13071-015-0795-4 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA CF3UU UT WOS:000352475000001 PM 25890339 ER PT J AU Tam, M Amzel, A Phelps, BR AF Tam, Melanie Amzel, Anouk Phelps, B. Ryan TI Disclosure of HIV serostatus among pregnant and postpartum women in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article DE PMTCT; sub-Saharan Africa; disclosure; systematic review; HIV/AIDS; pregnant women ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; DAR-ES-SALAAM; ANTENATAL CARE; SOUTH-AFRICA; FOLLOW-UP; PREVENTION; PROGRAM; NIGERIA; MOTHERS; EXPERIENCES AB Disclosure of one's HIV status can help to improve uptake and retention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services; yet, it remains a challenge for many women. This systematic review evaluates disclosure rates among pregnant and postpartum women in sub-Saharan Africa, timing of disclosure, and factors affecting decisions to disclose. PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched to identify relevant studies published between January 2000 and April 2014. Rates of HIV serostatus disclosure to any person ranged from 5.0% to 96.7% (pooled estimate: 67.0%, 95% CI: 55.7%-78.3%). Women who chose to disclose their status did so more often to their partners (pooled estimate: 63.9%; 95% CI: 56.7%-71.1%) than to family members (pooled estimate: 40.1; 95% CI: 26.2%-54.0%), friends (pooled estimate: 6.4%; 95% CI: 3.0%-9.8%), or religious leaders (pooled estimate: 7.1%; 95% CI: 4.3%-9.8%). Most women disclosed prior to delivery. Decisions to disclose were associated with factors related to the woman herself (younger age, first pregnancies, knowing someone with HIV, lower levels of internalized stigma, and lower levels of avoidant coping), the partner (prior history of HIV testing and higher levels of educational attainment), their partnership (no history of domestic violence and financial independence), and the household (higher quality of housing and residing without co-spouses or extended family members). Interventions to encourage and support women in safely disclosing their status are needed. C1 [Tam, Melanie] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Amzel, Anouk; Phelps, B. Ryan] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Tam, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM met753@mail.harvard.edu NR 67 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 21 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 EI 1360-0451 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD APR 3 PY 2015 VL 27 IS 4 BP 436 EP 450 DI 10.1080/09540121.2014.997662 PG 15 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA CA1HG UT WOS:000348662800005 PM 25636060 ER PT J AU Colson, KE Dwyer-Lindgren, L Achoki, T Fullman, N Schneider, M Mulenga, P Hangoma, P Ng, M Masiye, F Gakidou, E AF Colson, Katherine Ellicott Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura Achoki, Tom Fullman, Nancy Schneider, Matthew Mulenga, Peter Hangoma, Peter Ng, Marie Masiye, Felix Gakidou, Emmanuela TI Benchmarking health system performance across districts in Zambia: a systematic analysis of levels and trends in key maternal and child health interventions from 1990 to 2010 SO BMC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Coverage; Indicators; Inequalities; Maternal and child health; Subnational benchmarking; Zambia ID MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS; REPRESENTATIVE MORTALITY SURVEY; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; INFANT-MORTALITY; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; US COUNTIES; SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITIES; SOCIAL INEQUALITIES; MALARIA ENDEMICITY AB Background: Achieving universal health coverage and reducing health inequalities are primary goals for an increasing number of health systems worldwide. Timely and accurate measurements of levels and trends in key health indicators at local levels are crucial to assess progress and identify drivers of success and areas that may be lagging behind. Methods: We generated estimates of 17 key maternal and child health indicators for Zambia's 72 districts from 1990 to 2010 using surveys, censuses, and administrative data. We used a three-step statistical model involving spatial-temporal smoothing and Gaussian process regression. We generated estimates at the national level for each indicator by calculating the population-weighted mean of the district values and calculated composite coverage as the average of 10 priority interventions. Results: National estimates masked substantial variation across districts in the levels and trends of all indicators. Overall, composite coverage increased from 46% in 1990 to 73% in 2010, and most of this gain was attributable to the scale-up of malaria control interventions, pentavalent immunization, and exclusive breastfeeding. The scale-up of these interventions was relatively equitable across districts. In contrast, progress in routine services, including polio immunization, antenatal care, and skilled birth attendance, stagnated or declined and exhibited large disparities across districts. The absolute difference in composite coverage between the highest-performing and lowest-performing districts declined from 37 to 26 percentage points between 1990 and 2010, although considerable variation in composite coverage across districts persisted. Conclusions: Zambia has made marked progress in delivering maternal and child health interventions between 1990 and 2010; nevertheless, substantial variations across districts and interventions remained. Subnational benchmarking is important to identify these disparities, allowing policymakers to prioritize areas of greatest need. Analyses such as this one should be conducted regularly and feed directly into policy decisions in order to increase accountability at the local, regional, and national levels. C1 [Colson, Katherine Ellicott] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura; Achoki, Tom; Fullman, Nancy; Ng, Marie; Masiye, Felix; Gakidou, Emmanuela] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Achoki, Tom] Minist Hlth Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. [Schneider, Matthew] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Mulenga, Peter] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, Lusaka, Zambia. [Hangoma, Peter] Univ Bergen, Dept Econ, Bergen, Norway. [Hangoma, Peter; Masiye, Felix] Univ Zambia, Dept Econ, Lusaka, Zambia. RP Gakidou, E (reprint author), Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gakidou@uw.edu OI Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura/0000-0002-3872-6451 NR 113 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1741-7015 J9 BMC MED JI BMC Med. PD APR 2 PY 2015 VL 13 AR 69 DI 10.1186/s12916-015-0308-5 PG 14 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CE7WO UT WOS:000352052800001 PM 25889124 ER PT J AU Stone, A Ling, L Innes, A Lin, X AF Stone, Alanna Ling, Li Innes, Anh Lin, Xu TI TUBERCULOSIS SCREENING FOR DIABETIC PATIENTS IN COMMUNITY CLINICS IN KUNMING, CHINA SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine (SGIM) CY APR 22-25, 2015 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Gen Internal Med C1 [Ling, Li; Innes, Anh; Lin, Xu] USAID Reg Dev Mission Asia, CAP TB, Bangkok, Thailand. [Lin, Xu] Yunnan Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kunming, Peoples R China. [Innes, Anh] Family Hlth Int, Bangkok, Thailand. [Ling, Li] Family Hlth Int, Kunming, Peoples R China. [Stone, Alanna] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 EI 1525-1497 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2015 VL 30 SU 2 MA 2194674 BP S289 EP S289 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA CN4FV UT WOS:000358386901156 ER PT J AU Thatte, N Choi, Y AF Thatte, Nandita Choi, Yoonjoung TI Does human resource management improve family planning service quality? Analysis from the Kenya Service Provision Assessment 2010 SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Health systems; human resource management; family planning; Service Provision Assessment; quality of care ID HEALTH-WORKERS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; OF-CARE; INTERVENTION; SUPERVISION; MOTIVATION; GUIDELINES; FACILITIES; PROGRAM; SYSTEMS AB Introduction Human resource (HR) management is a priority for health systems strengthening in developing countries, yet few studies have empirically examined associations with service quality. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between HR management and family planning (FP) service quality. Methods Data came from the 2010 Kenya Service Provision Assessment, a nationally representative health facility assessment. In total, 912 FP consultations from 301 facilities were analysed. Four indices were created to measure quality on reproductive history taking, physical examination, sexually transmitted infections prevention and pill/injectable specific counselling. HR management variables included training in the past year, any and supportive (i.e. with feedback, technical updates and discussion) in-person supervision in the past 6 months and having a written job description. Multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to estimate coefficients of HR management variables on each of the four quality indices, adjusting for background characteristics of clients, provider and facilities. Results The level of service quality ranged from 16 to 53 out of a maximum score of 100 across the indices. Fifty-two per cent of consultations were done by providers who received supportive in-person supervision in the previous 6 months. In 23% and 38% of consultations, the provider was trained in the past year and had a written job description, respectively. Multivariate analyses indicated that having a written job description was associated with higher service quality in history taking, physical examination and the pill/injectable specific counselling. Other HR management variables were not significantly associated with service quality. Conclusion Having a written job description was significantly associated with higher service quality and may be a useful tool for strengthening management practices. The details of such job descriptions and the quality of other management indicators should be explored to better understand the relationship between HR management and FP service quality. C1 [Thatte, Nandita; Choi, Yoonjoung] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Thatte, N (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Bur Global Hlth, 1300 Penn Ave NW,Room 3-6-146, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM nthatte@usaid.gov NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1080 EI 1460-2237 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD APR PY 2015 VL 30 IS 3 BP 356 EP 367 DI 10.1093/heapol/czu019 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA CK0AD UT WOS:000355865000008 PM 24740709 ER PT J AU Luo, PP He, B Takara, K Xiong, YE Nouer, D Duan, WL Fukushi, K AF Luo, Pingping He, Bin Takara, Kaoru Xiong, Yin E. Nouer, Daniel Duan, Weili Fukushi, Kensuke TI Historical assessment of Chinese and Japanese flood management policies and implications for managing future floods SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY LA English DT Article DE Flood management policy; History; Irrigation; Structure measures; No-structure measures; Extreme events ID WATER-RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-USE; RIVER; RISK; AREA; SEDIMENTATION; URBANIZATION; CHALLENGES; MITIGATION AB Floods are among the world's most devastating natural disasters, causing immense damage and accounting for a large number of deaths world-wide. Good flood management policies play an extremely important role in preventing floods. It is well known that China has more than 5000 years of experience in flood management policy beginning with the reign of DaYu and Gun. Although culturally related, Japanese flood management developed differently from that of China. Under rapid development of civil engineering technology, flood management was achieved primarily through the construction of dams, levees and other structures. These structures were never adequate to stop all floods, and recent climate change driven extreme events are ever more frequently overwhelming such infrastructure. It is important to take a historical perspective ofJapanese and Chinese flood management in order to better manage increasingly frequent extreme events and climate change. We present insights taken from an historical overview of Japanese and Chinese flood management policies in order to guide future flood risk management policy. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Luo, Pingping] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Inst Hydraul Struct Engn & Water Environm, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Luo, Pingping] United Nations Univ Inst Adv Study Sustainabil UN, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Luo, Pingping; Takara, Kaoru] Kyoto Univ, DPRI, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [He, Bin; Duan, Weili] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Key Lab Watershed Geog Sci, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Xiong, Yin E.] Hunan Womens Coll, Foreign Language Dept, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Nouer, Daniel] US Agcy Int Dev, Accra, Ghana. [Fukushi, Kensuke] Univ Tokyo, Integrated Res Syst Sustainabil Sci IR3S, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. RP Luo, PP (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Inst Hydraul Struct Engn & Water Environm, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM luoping198121@gmail.com; hebin@niglas.ac.cn; duan.scut.cn@gmail.com OI Luo, Pingping/0000-0002-8277-2930 FU United Nations University - Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS); Japan Institute of Country-ology and Engineering (JICE) [13003]; [24248041] FX This study was supported by the project of "Water and Urban Initiative" at the United Nations University - Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS), the Japan Institute of Country-ology and Engineering (JICE) Grant Number 13003, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) Grant Number 24248041. "One Hundred Talents Program" of Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41471460), and the Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) CAF2014-RR06(ARCP)-NMY-Wang. NR 67 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-9011 EI 1873-6416 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY JI Environ. Sci. Policy PD APR PY 2015 VL 48 BP 265 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2014.12.015 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CF0QA UT WOS:000352248100023 ER PT J AU Lonnroth, K Migliori, GB Abubakar, I D'Ambrosio, L de Vries, G Diel, R Douglas, P Falzon, D Gaudreau, MA Goletti, D Ochoa, ERG Lobue, P Matteelli, A Njoo, H Solovic, I Story, A Tayeb, T van der Werf, MJ Weil, D Zellweger, JP Aziz, MA Al Lawati, MRM Aliberti, S de Onate, WA Barreira, D Bhatia, V Blasi, F Bloom, A Bruchfeld, J Castelli, F Centis, R Chemtob, D Cirillo, DM Colorado, A Dadu, A Dahle, UR De Paoli, L Dias, HM Duarte, R Fattorini, L Gaga, M Getahun, H Glaziou, P Goguadze, L del Granado, M Haas, W Jarvinen, A Kwon, GY Mosca, D Nahid, P Nishikiori, N Noguer, I O'Donnell, J Pace-Asciak, A Pompa, MG Popescu, GG Cordeiro, CR Ronning, K Ruhwald, M Sculier, JP Simunovic, A Smith-Palmer, A Sotgiu, G Sulis, G Torres-Duque, CA Umeki, K Uplekar, M van Weezenbeek, C Vasankari, T Vitillo, RJ Voniatis, C Wanlin, M Raviglione, MC AF Loennroth, Knut Migliori, Giovanni Battista Abubakar, Ibrahim D'Ambrosio, Lia de Vries, Gerard Diel, Roland Douglas, Paul Falzon, Dennis Gaudreau, Marc-Andre Goletti, Delia Ochoa, Edilberto R. Gonzalez LoBue, Philip Matteelli, Alberto Njoo, Howard Solovic, Ivan Story, Alistair Tayeb, Tamara van der Werf, Marieke J. Weil, Diana Zellweger, Jean-Pierre Aziz, Mohamed Abdel Al Lawati, Mohamed R. M. Aliberti, Stefano de Onate, Wouter Arrazola Barreira, Draurio Bhatia, Vineet Blasi, Francesco Bloom, Amy Bruchfeld, Judith Castelli, Francesco Centis, Rosella Chemtob, Daniel Cirillo, Daniela M. Colorado, Alberto Dadu, Andrei Dahle, Ulf R. De Paoli, Laura Dias, Hannah M. Duarte, Raquel Fattorini, Lanfranco Gaga, Mina Getahun, Haileyesus Glaziou, Philippe Goguadze, Lasha del Granado, Mirtha Haas, Walter Jarvinen, Asko Kwon, Geun-Yong Mosca, Davide Nahid, Payam Nishikiori, Nobuyuki Noguer, Isabel O'Donnell, Joan Pace-Asciak, Analita Pompa, Maria G. Popescu, Gilda G. Cordeiro, Carlos Robalo Ronning, Karin Ruhwald, Morten Sculier, Jean-Paul Simunovic, Aleksandar Smith-Palmer, Alison Sotgiu, Giovanni Sulis, Giorgia Torres-Duque, Carlos A. Umeki, Kazunori Uplekar, Mukund van Weezenbeek, Catharina Vasankari, Tuula Vitillo, Robert J. Voniatis, Constantia Wanlin, Maryse Raviglione, Mario C. TI Towards tuberculosis elimination: an action framework for low-incidence countries SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; LOW-BURDEN-COUNTRY; CALMETTE-GUERIN VACCINATION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE ANALYSIS; LONG-TERM-CARE; LATENT TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES; BCG VACCINATION AB This paper describes an action framework for countries with low tuberculosis (TB) incidence (<100 TB cases per million population) that are striving for TB elimination. The framework sets out priority interventions required for these countries to progress first towards "pre-elimination" (<10 cases per million) and eventually the elimination of TB as a public health problem (less than one case per million). TB epidemiology in most low-incidence countries is characterised by a low rate of transmission in the general population, occasional outbreaks, a majority of TB cases generated from progression of latent TB infection (LTBI) rather than local transmission, concentration to certain vulnerable and hard-toreach risk groups, and challenges posed by cross-border migration. Common health system challenges are that political commitment, funding, clinical expertise and general awareness of TB diminishes as TB incidence falls. The framework presents a tailored response to these challenges, grouped into eight priority action areas: 1) ensure political commitment, funding and stewardship for planning and essential services; 2) address the most vulnerable and hard-to-reach groups; 3) address special needs of migrants and cross-border issues; 4) undertake screening for active TB and LTBI in TB contacts and selected high-risk groups, and provide appropriate treatment; 5) optimise the prevention and care of drug-resistant TB; 6) ensure continued surveillance, programme monitoring and evaluation and case-based data management; 7) invest in research and new tools; and 8) support global TB prevention, care and control. The overall approach needs to be multisectorial, focusing on equitable access to high-quality diagnosis and care, and on addressing the social determinants of TB. Because of increasing globalisation and population mobility, the response needs to have both national and global dimensions. C1 [Loennroth, Knut; Falzon, Dennis; Matteelli, Alberto; Weil, Diana; Bhatia, Vineet; Dias, Hannah M.; Getahun, Haileyesus; Glaziou, Philippe; Sulis, Giorgia; Uplekar, Mukund] WHO, Global TB Programme, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [Migliori, Giovanni Battista; D'Ambrosio, Lia; Centis, Rosella] Fdn S Maugeri, WHO Collaborating Ctr TB & Lung Dis, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy. [Abubakar, Ibrahim] UCL, TB Sect, London, England. [Abubakar, Ibrahim] Publ Hlth England, London, England. [de Vries, Gerard; van Weezenbeek, Catharina] KNCV TB Fdn, The Hague, Netherlands. [Diel, Roland] Univ Hosp Schleswig Holstein, Inst Epidemiol, Kiel, Germany. [Douglas, Paul] Dept Immigrat & Border Protect, Global Hlth Borders Refugee & Onshore Serv, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Gaudreau, Marc-Andre; Njoo, Howard] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ctr Communicable Dis & Infect Control, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Goletti, Delia] Natl Inst Infect Dis, Rome, Italy. [Ochoa, Edilberto R. Gonzalez] Inst Trop Med Pedro Kouri, Epidemiol Board, Res & Surveillance Grp TB Leprosy & ARI, Havana, Cuba. [LoBue, Philip] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Solovic, Ivan] Catholic Univ, TB Dept, Natl Inst TB Resp Dis & Thorac Surg, Ruzomberok, Slovakia. [Story, Alistair] Find & Treat, London, England. [Tayeb, Tamara] Minist Hlth, Natl TB Control Programme, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [van der Werf, Marieke J.] European Ctr Dis Prevent & Control ECDC, Stockholm, Sweden. [Zellweger, Jean-Pierre] Swiss Lung Assoc, Bern, Switzerland. [Aziz, Mohamed Abdel] WHO Reg Off Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt. [Al Lawati, Mohamed R. M.] Minist Hlth, Muscat, Oman. [Aliberti, Stefano] Univ Milano Bicocca, UO Clin Pneumol, AO San Gerardo, Monza, Italy. [de Onate, Wouter Arrazola] Belgian Lung & TB Assoc, Brussels, Belgium. [Barreira, Draurio] Minist Hlth, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Blasi, Francesco] Univ Milan, IRCCS Fdn Ca Granda, Dipartimento Fisiopatol Med Chirurg Trapianti, Milan, Italy. [Bloom, Amy] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Bruchfeld, Judith] Karolinska Inst Solna, Inst Med, Infect Dis Unit, Stockholm, Sweden. [Bruchfeld, Judith] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden. [Castelli, Francesco] Univ Brescia, Brescia, Italy. [Chemtob, Daniel] Minist Hlth, Jerusalem, Israel. [Cirillo, Daniela M.] IRCCS, San Raffaele Sci Inst, Milan, Italy. [Colorado, Alberto] Advocates Hlth Int, San Diego, CA USA. [Dadu, Andrei] WHO Reg Off Europe, TB & M XDR TB Control Programme, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Dahle, Ulf R.; Ronning, Karin] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway. [De Paoli, Laura] Med Sans Frontieres, Rome, Italy. [Duarte, Raquel] Gen Directorate Hlth, Lisbon, Portugal. [Fattorini, Lanfranco] Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Gaga, Mina] Minist Hlth, Athens Chest Hosp, Natl Referral Ctr Mycobacteria, Athens, Greece. [Goguadze, Lasha] Int Federat Red Cross & Red Crescent Soc, Geneva, Switzerland. [del Granado, Mirtha] WHO Reg Off Amer, Washington, DC USA. [Haas, Walter] Robert Koch Inst, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, Berlin, Germany. [Jarvinen, Asko; Vasankari, Tuula] Finnish Lung Hlth Assoc, Helsinki, Finland. [Jarvinen, Asko] Helsinki Univ Cent Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Helsinki, Finland. [Kwon, Geun-Yong] Minist Hlth & Welf, Korea Ctr Dis Control & Prevent KCDC, Seoul, South Korea. [Mosca, Davide] Int Org Migrat, Geneva, Switzerland. [Nahid, Payam] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Nahid, Payam] Amer Thorac Soc, New York, NY USA. [Nishikiori, Nobuyuki] WHO Reg Off Western Pacific, Stop TB & Leprosy Eliminat, Manila, Philippines. [Noguer, Isabel] Inst Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. [O'Donnell, Joan] HSE Hlth Protect Surveillance Ctr, Dublin, Ireland. [Pace-Asciak, Analita] Minist Hlth, Valletta, Malta. [Pompa, Maria G.] Minist Hlth, Rome, Italy. [Popescu, Gilda G.] Pneumol Inst Marius Nasta, Bucharest, Romania. [Cordeiro, Carlos Robalo] Coimbra Univ Hosp, Coimbra, Portugal. [Ruhwald, Morten] State Serum Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Sculier, Jean-Paul] Inst Jules Bordet ULB, Brussels, Belgium. [Simunovic, Aleksandar] Croatian Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Zagreb, Croatia. [Smith-Palmer, Alison] Hlth Protect Scotland, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Sotgiu, Giovanni] Univ Sassari, Clin Epidemiol & Med Stat Unit, Dept Biomed Sci, Res Med Educ & Profess Dev Unit,AOU Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Torres-Duque, Carlos A.] Asociac Latinoamer Torax ALAT Fdn Neumol Colombia, Bogota, Colombia. [Umeki, Kazunori] Minist Hlth Labour & Welf, Tokyo, Japan. [Vitillo, Robert J.] Caritas Int, Geneva, Switzerland. [Voniatis, Constantia] Minist Hlth, Nicosia, Cyprus. [Wanlin, Maryse] Fonds Affect Resp FARES, Brussels, Belgium. RP Raviglione, MC (reprint author), WHO, Global TB Programme, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM raviglionem@who.int RI Matteelli, Alberto/M-8784-2015; Lonnroth, Knut/L-2339-2014; Aliberti, Stefano/K-9115-2016; Robalo Cordeiro, Carlos Manuel da Silva/I-4864-2012; OI Sulis, Giorgia/0000-0001-6641-0094; Matteelli, Alberto/0000-0001-5109-9248; Lonnroth, Knut/0000-0001-5054-8240; Aliberti, Stefano/0000-0002-0090-4531; Glaziou, Philippe/0000-0002-0649-1272; van der Werf, Marieke J./0000-0001-8021-1358; Robalo Cordeiro, Carlos Manuel da Silva/0000-0002-8264-3856; Migliori, Giovanni Battista/0000-0002-2597-574X; SOTGIU, Giovanni/0000-0002-1600-4474; Duarte, Raquel/0000-0003-2257-3099; Blasi, Francesco/0000-0002-2285-9970; Goletti, Delia/0000-0001-8360-4376 FU European Respiratory Society FX This work was supported by core funding from the European Respiratory Society. NR 185 TC 146 Z9 148 U1 5 U2 23 PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA 442 GLOSSOP RD, SHEFFIELD S10 2PX, ENGLAND SN 0903-1936 EI 1399-3003 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD APR PY 2015 VL 45 IS 4 BP 928 EP 952 DI 10.1183/09031936.00214014 PG 25 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA CE7MB UT WOS:000352023800008 PM 25792630 ER PT J AU Audu, R Onwuamah, C Salu, O Okwuraiwe, A Ou, CY Bolu, O Bond, KB Diallo, K Lu, L Jelpe, T Okoye, M Ngige, E Vertefeuille, J AF Audu, Rosemary Onwuamah, Chika Salu, Olumuyiwa Okwuraiwe, Azuka Ou, Chin-Yih Bolu, Omotayo Bond, Kyle B. Diallo, Karidia Lu, Lydia Jelpe, Tapdiyel Okoye, McPaul Ngige, Evelyn Vertefeuille, John TI Development and Implementation Challenges of a Quality Assured HIV Infant Diagnosis Program in Nigeria Using Dried Blood Spots and DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INVITRO ANTIBODY-PRODUCTION; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; ELIMINATION AB Nigeria has one of the highest HIV burdens as well as mother-to-infant transmission rates in the world. A pilot program using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based testing of dried blood spot (DBS) specimens was implemented to enable early identification of HIV-infected infants and timely referral and linkage to care. From February 2007 to October 2008, whole blood was collected by finger prick to prepare DBS from infants <18 months presenting in six public mother-and-child health facilities in Lagos, Nigeria. The DBS were tested using the Roche Amplicor HIV-1 DNA Test, v1.5. To monitor laboratory testing quality, all of the PCR-positive and 10% of the PCR-negative DBS were retested by the same method at another reference laboratory. Three hundred and sixty-five randomly selected infants were screened using HIV rapid tests (RT) according to the national algorithm and RT-negative and PCR-positive specimens were also tested using Genscreen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) (Bio-Rad, France). The turnaround time (TAT) from sample collection, testing, and dispatching of results from each health facility was monitored. A total of 1,273 infants with a median age of 12.6 weeks (1 day to 71.6 weeks) participated in the program and 280 (22.0%) were PCR positive. HIV transmission levels varied greatly in the different health facilities ranging from 7.1% to 38.4%. Infants aged 48 to 72 weeks had the highest level of PCR positivity (41.1%). All PCR-positive specimens were confirmed by retesting. The mean turnaround time from DBS collection to returning of the laboratory result to the health facilities was 25 days. Three infants were found to be HIV antibody negative by rapid tests but were positive by both PCR and the fourth generation EIA. The DBS-based PCR program accurately identified all of the HIV-infected infants. However, many programmatic challenges related to the laboratory and TAT were identified. C1 [Audu, Rosemary; Onwuamah, Chika; Salu, Olumuyiwa; Okwuraiwe, Azuka] Nigerian Inst Med Res, Lagos, Nigeria. [Ou, Chin-Yih] CDC, Global AIDS Program Beijing, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Bolu, Omotayo; Diallo, Karidia; Lu, Lydia] CDC, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bond, Kyle B.; Jelpe, Tapdiyel; Vertefeuille, John] CDC, Global AIDS Program Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria. [Okoye, McPaul] US Agcy Int Dev, Abuja, Nigeria. [Ngige, Evelyn] Fed Minist Hlth, HIV & AIDS Div, Abuja, Nigeria. RP Audu, R (reprint author), Nigerian Inst Med Res, Human Virol Lab, 6 Edmond Crescent,PMB 2013, Lagos, Nigeria. EM rosemaryaudu@yahoo.com FU U.S. CDC, Division of Global AIDS in Atlanta; U.S. CDC, Division of Global AIDS in Nigeria FX We wish to acknowledge the support provided by U.S. CDC, Division of Global AIDS in Atlanta and Nigeria. We appreciate the principal collaborators from the Federal Ministry of Health, USAID, UNICEF, Clinton Foundation, Global HIV/AIDS Initiative, Institute of Human Virology/ACTION project, AIDS Prevention Initiative, Family Health International/GHAIN project, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, and the staff and clients from the clinical sites in Lagos where the children were recruited. We also appreciate the assistance of Nora Kleinman, MPH, of the Association of School and Program of Public Health in the preparation of this article. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 EI 1931-8405 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 31 IS 4 BP 433 EP 438 DI 10.1089/aid.2014.0159 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA CE5JR UT WOS:000351869400012 PM 25381805 ER PT J AU Rose, RA Byler, D Eastman, JR Fleishman, E Geller, G Goetz, S Guild, L Hamilton, H Hansen, M Headley, R Hewson, J Horning, N Kaplin, BA Laporte, N Leidner, A Leinagruber, P Morisette, J Musinsky, J Pintea, L Prados, A Radeloff, VC Rowen, M Saatchi, S Schil, S Tabor, K Turner, W Vodacek, A Vogelnaann, J Wegmann, M Wilkie, D AF Rose, Robert A. Byler, Dirck Eastman, J. Ron Fleishman, Erica Geller, Gary Goetz, Scott Guild, Liane Hamilton, Healy Hansen, Matt Headley, Rachel Hewson, Jennifer Horning, Ned Kaplin, Beth A. Laporte, Nadine Leidner, Allison Leinagruber, Peter Morisette, Jeffrey Musinsky, John Pintea, Lilian Prados, Ana Radeloff, Volker C. Rowen, Mary Saatchi, Sassan Schil, Steve Tabor, Karyn Turner, Woody Vodacek, Anthony Vogelnaann, James Wegmann, Martin Wilkie, David TI Ten ways remote sensing can contribute to conservation SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE applied research; biodiversity; priority setting; remote sensing ID PROTECTED AREAS; GOLDEN EAGLES; MIGRATION; HABITAT; QUESTIONS; DIVERSITY; PAYMENTS; SERVICES; IMPACTS; SCIENCE AB In an effort to increase conservation effectiveness through the use of Earth observation technologies, a group of remote sensing scientists affiliated with government and academic institutions and conservation organizations identified 10 questions in conservation for which the potential to be answered would be greatly increased by use of remotely sensed data and analyses of those data. Our goals were to increase conservation practitioners' use of remote sensing to support their work, increase collaboration between the conservation science and remote sensing communities, identify and develop new and innovative uses of remote sensing for advancing conservation science, provide guidance to space agencies on how future satellite missions can support conservation science, and generate support from the public and private sector in the use of remote sensing data to address the 10 conservation questions. We identified a broad initial list of questions on the basis of an email chain-referral survey. We then used a workshop-based iterative and collaborative approach to whittle the list down to these final questions (which represent 10 major themes in conservation): How can global Earth observation data be used to model species distributions and abundances? How can remote sensing improve the understanding of animal movements? How can remotely sensed ecosystem variables be used to understand, monitor, and predict ecosystem response and resilience to multiple stressors? How can remote sensing be used to monitor the effects of climate on ecosystems? How can near real-time ecosystem monitoring catalyze threat reduction, governance and regulation compliance, and resource management decisions? How can remote sensing inform configuration of protected area networks at spatial extents relevant to populations of target species and ecosystem services? How can remote sensing-derived products be used to value and monitor changes in ecosystem services? How can remote sensing be used to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of conservation efforts? How does the expansion and intensification of agriculture and aquaculture alter ecosystems and the services they provide? How can remote sensing be used to determine the degree to which ecosystems are being disturbed or degraded and the effects of these changes on species and ecosystem functions? C1 [Rose, Robert A.; Wilkie, David] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Conservat Support, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Byler, Dirck] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Int Affairs, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Eastman, J. Ron] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Fleishman, Erica] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Geller, Gary] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Goetz, Scott; Laporte, Nadine] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Guild, Liane] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Hamilton, Healy] NatureServe, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Hansen, Matt] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Headley, Rachel] US Geol Survey, Sci Support Landsat Project, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Hewson, Jennifer; Tabor, Karyn] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Horning, Ned] Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Kaplin, Beth A.] Antioch Univ New England, Dept Environm Studies, Keene, NH 03431 USA. [Leidner, Allison] Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA Earth Sci Div, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Leinagruber, Peter] Conservat Ecol Ctr, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Morisette, Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Musinsky, John] Natl Ecol Observ Network, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Pintea, Lilian] Jane Goodall Inst, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. [Prados, Ana] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, SILVIS Lab, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rowen, Mary] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20541 USA. [Saatchi, Sassan] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Schil, Steve] Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Turner, Woody] NASA, Div Earth Sci, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Vodacek, Anthony] Rochester Inst Technol, Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Vogelnaann, James] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wegmann, Martin] Univ Wurzburg, Dept Remote Sensing, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. NOAA, Div Environm Res, NMFS, SWFSC, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Rose, RA (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Conservat Support, 2300 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. EM rrose@wcs.org RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016; Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015; Vodacek, Anthony/F-1585-2011; Goetz, Scott/A-3393-2015; OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X; Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153; Vodacek, Anthony/0000-0001-9196-0928; Goetz, Scott/0000-0002-6326-4308; Wegmann, Martin/0000-0003-0335-9601; Geller, Gary/0000-0002-4490-6002; Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 FU NASA Earth Sciences Division [NNX12AP70G]; NASA FX We thank L. Choo from WCS for the logistical assistance provided and NASA Earth Sciences Division for their support through grant NNX12AP70G. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The research described in this article was in part carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the NASA. Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 16 U2 126 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 29 IS 2 BP 350 EP 359 DI 10.1111/cobi.12397 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CD8NY UT WOS:000351353400006 PM 25319024 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, JP Borrazzo, J AF Rosenthal, Joshua P. Borrazzo, John TI Saving Lives by Building Bridges Between User Needs and Clean Cooking Technology SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rosenthal, Joshua P.] NIH, Div Epidemiol & Populat Studies, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Borrazzo, John] USAID, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. RP Rosenthal, JP (reprint author), NIH, Div Epidemiol & Populat Studies, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM joshua.rosenthal@nih.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 EI 1087-0415 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD MAR 31 PY 2015 VL 20 SU 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1080/10810730.2014.996304 PG 2 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA CF1QV UT WOS:000352323600001 PM 25839196 ER PT J AU Kilian, A Koenker, H Obi, E Selby, RA Fotheringham, M Lynch, M AF Kilian, Albert Koenker, Hannah Obi, Emmanuel Selby, Richmond A. Fotheringham, Megan Lynch, Matthew TI Field durability of the same type of long-lasting insecticidal net varies between regions in Nigeria due to differences in household behaviour and living conditions SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Malaria prevention; ITN; Net durability; Nigeria ID TREATED NETS; WESTERN KENYA; MOSQUITO NET; PHYSICAL CONDITION; BED NETS; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM; SERVICEABLE LIFE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; EASTERN SUDAN AB Background: With the recent publication of WHO-recommended methods to estimate net survival, comparative analyses from different areas have now become possible. With this in mind, a study was undertaken in Nigeria to compare the performance of a specific long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) product in three socio-ecologically different areas. In addition, the objective was to assess the feasibility of a retrospective study design for durability. Methods: In three states, Zamfara in the north, Nasarawa in the centre and Cross River in the south, four local government areas were selected one year after mass distribution of 100-denier polyester LLINs. From a representative sample of 300 households per site that had received campaign nets, an assessment of net survival was made based on rate of loss of nets and the physical condition of surviving nets measured by the proportionate hole index (pHI). Surveys were repeated after two and three years. Results: Over the three-year period 98% of the targeted sample size of 3,720 households was obtained and 94% of the 5,669 campaign nets found were assessed for damage. With increasing time since distribution, recall of having received campaign nets dropped by 11-22% and only 31-87% of nets actually lost were reported. Using a recall bias adjustment, attrition rates were fairly similar in all three sites. The proportion of surviving nets in serviceable condition differed dramatically, however, resulting in an estimated median net survival of 3.0 years in Nasarawa, 4.5 years in Cross River and 4.7 years in Zamfara. Although repairs on damaged nets increased from around 10% at baseline to 21-38% after three years, the average pHI value for each of the four hole size categories did not differ between repaired and unrepaired nets. Conclusions: First, the differences observed in net survival are driven by living conditions and household behaviours and not the LLIN material. Second, recall bias in a retrospective durability study can be significant and while adjustments can be made, enough uncertainty remains that prospective studies on durability are preferable wherever possible. Third, repair does not seem to measurably improve net condition and focus should, therefore, be on improving preventive behaviour. C1 [Kilian, Albert] Trop Hlth LLP, Montagut, Spain. [Kilian, Albert] Malaria Consortium, London, England. [Koenker, Hannah; Lynch, Matthew] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD USA. [Obi, Emmanuel] Malaria Consortium Nigeria Off, Abuja, Nigeria. [Selby, Richmond A.] Malaria Consortium Africa Off, Kampala, Uganda. [Fotheringham, Megan] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Kilian, A (reprint author), Trop Hlth LLP, Montagut, Spain. EM albert@trophealth.com FU Malaria Consortium Office Nigeria; Kolawole Maxwell; American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) [GHS-A-00-09-00014-00] FX We would like to thank the dedicated survey teams as well the State and LGA Roll Back Malaria staff and especially the three state coordinators, Tuna Ibrahim (Zamfara), Grace Ozioma Okoye (Nasarawa) and Eti May Ann (Cross River). Special thanks also go to the superb data entry manager Efik Udofia. We appreciate all the support from the Malaria Consortium Office Nigeria, especially from Kolawole Maxwell. This study was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI), USAID/JHU Cooperative Agreement No. GHS-A-00-09-00014-00 for the NetWorks Project. The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID/PMI or the US Government. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD MAR 24 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 123 DI 10.1186/s12936-015-0640-4 PG 16 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CE4RU UT WOS:000351818600001 PM 25890233 ER PT J AU Voronin, Y Zinszner, H Karg, C Brooks, K Coombs, R Hural, J Holt, R Fast, P Allen, M Busch, M Fruth, U Golding, H Khurana, S Mulenga, J Peel, S Schito, M Voronin, Y Barnabas, N Bentsen, C Graham, B Gray, G Levin, A McCluskey, M O'Connell, R Snow, B Ware, M AF Voronin, Yegor Zinszner, Helene Karg, Carissa Brooks, Katie Coombs, Robert Hural, John Holt, Renee Fast, Pat Allen, Mary Busch, Michael Fruth, Ulrich Golding, Hana Khurana, Surender Mulenga, Joseph Peel, Sheila Schito, Marco Voronin, Yegor Barnabas, Nomampondo Bentsen, Christopher Graham, Barney Gray, Glenda Levin, Andrew McCluskey, Margaret O'Connell, Robert Snow, Bill Ware, Mark CA VISR Working Grp Global HIV Vaccin TI HIV vaccine-induced sero-reactivity: A challenge for trial participants, researchers, and physicians SO VACCINE LA English DT Review DE HIV; Vaccine; Vaccine-induced sero-positivity; Vaccine-induced sero-reactivity; VISR; VISP ID DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; GENERATED ANTIBODIES; SEROPOSITIVITY; INFECTIONS; RECIPIENTS; ASSAY; FACE AB Antibody-inducing vaccines are a major focus in the preventive HIV vaccine field. Because the most common tests for HIV infection rely on detecting antibodies to HIV, they may also detect antibodies induced by a candidate HIV vaccine. The detection of vaccine-induced antibodies to HIV by serological tests is most commonly referred to as vaccine-induced sero-reactivity (VISR). VISR can be misinterpreted as a sign of HIV infection in a healthy study participant. In a participant who has developed vaccine-induced antibodies, accurate diagnosis of HIV infection (or lack thereof) may require specialized tests and algorithms (differential testing) that are usually not available in community settings. Organizations sponsoring clinical testing of preventive HIV vaccine candidates have an ethical obligation not only to inform healthy volunteers about the potential problems associated with participating in a clinical trial but also to help manage any resulting issues. This article explores the scope of VISR-related issues that become increasingly prevalent as the search for an effective HIV vaccine continues and will be paramount once a preventive vaccine is deployed. We also describe ways in which organizations conducting HIV vaccine trials have addressed these issues and outline areas where more work is needed. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Voronin, Yegor; Zinszner, Helene; Voronin, Yegor; Snow, Bill] Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Karg, Carissa; Brooks, Katie; Hural, John; Holt, Renee] HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, WA USA. [Coombs, Robert] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fast, Pat] Int AIDS Vaccine Initiat, New York, NY USA. [Allen, Mary] NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Busch, Michael] Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. [Fruth, Ulrich] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Golding, Hana] Food & Drug Adm, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mulenga, Joseph] Zambia Natl Blood Transfus Serv, Lusaka, Zambia. [Peel, Sheila; O'Connell, Robert] Mil HIV Res Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Schito, Marco] Mil Med Inc, Div Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv, HJF DAIDS, Bethesda, MD USA. [Barnabas, Nomampondo; Gray, Glenda] Perinatal HIV Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Bentsen, Christopher] Biorad Labs, Redmond, WA USA. [Graham, Barney] NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Levin, Andrew] Immunetics Inc, Boston, MA USA. [McCluskey, Margaret] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [O'Connell, Robert] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Ware, Mark] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Voronin, Y (reprint author), Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise, New York, NY 10003 USA. FU Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN272200800014C]; United States Agency for International Development (USAID) FX We would like to thank all participants of the March 2013 meeting "Vaccine-Induced Sero-Reactivity/Sero-Positivity", whose opinions greatly influenced the content of this article. For a complete list of participants and the meeting report, visit http://www.vaccineenterprise.org/content/timely-topic-VISP. This project has been funded in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. HHSN272200800014C. IAVI's work is made possible by generous support from many donors, including the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). A full list of IAVI donors is available at www.iavi.org. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 3 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1243 EP 1249 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.10.040 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CC1EI UT WOS:000350083600005 ER PT J AU Onyango, MA Adu-Sarkodie, Y Agyarko-Poku, T Asafo, MK Sylvester, J Wondergem, P Green, K Wambugu, S Brennan, AT Beard, J AF Onyango, Monica Adhiambo Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw Agyarko-Poku, Thomas Asafo, Mabel Kissiwah Sylvester, Joy Wondergem, Peter Green, Kimberly Wambugu, Samuel Brennan, Alana T. Beard, Jennifer TI "It's All About Making a Life": Poverty, HIV, Violence, and Other Vulnerabilities Faced by Young Female Sex Workers in Kumasi, Ghana SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE young female sex workers; key populations; HIV; adolescents; harm reduction; qualitative methods ID STREET CHILDREN; INDIA; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR; WOMEN; ACCRA; NEED AB Objectives: This study aimed to identify social, economic, structural, and individual-level vulnerabilities of female adolescents who sell sex in Kumasi, Ghana. Methods: Twenty-four in-depth interviews and 4 focus group discussions were conducted with female sex workers of age 18-20 years who had been involved in sex work for at least 2 years. Total sample size was 48. Findings: One-third of participants started sex work before age 15. Knowledge of HIV was accurate and most reported having intentions to use condoms consistently with clients; however, factors such as higher payments, drug and/or alcohol use, fear of violence, and police harassment affected condom use. They perceived violence and rape at the hands of clients as their greatest risk. They also reported abuse and exploitation by police. Respondents voiced strong concerns that girls and teens involved in sex work are at higher risk of unsafe sex, exploitation, and abuse than their older and more experienced counterparts. Unprotected sex with boyfriends was also common. Discussion: The pathway to sex work followed a similar pattern for many study participants who left their rural homes for Kumasi in search of economic opportunity. While adolescents who sell sex appear to be abundant in Kumasi, they have been missed by HIV prevention and harm reduction programming. The findings from this study informed the design and implementation of a young female sex worker peer educator pilot program. Key elements of that program are presented, and recommendations for future program evaluation are made. C1 [Onyango, Monica Adhiambo; Beard, Jennifer] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Onyango, Monica Adhiambo; Sylvester, Joy; Brennan, Alana T.; Beard, Jennifer] Boston Univ, Ctr Global Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw] Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Med Sci, Kumasi, Ghana. [Agyarko-Poku, Thomas; Asafo, Mabel Kissiwah] Ghana Hlth Serv, Kumasi, Ghana. [Wondergem, Peter] US Agcy Int Dev, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Green, Kimberly; Wambugu, Samuel] FHI360, Accra, Ghana. RP Beard, J (reprint author), Boston Univ, Crosstown Ctr, Dept Global Hlth, 3rd Floor,801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM jenbeard@bu.edu FU Boston University; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the US Agency for International Development under Project SEARCH [GHH-I-00-07-00023-00] FX Supported by Boston University in collaboration with the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology with support from the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the US Agency for International Development under Project SEARCH, Task Order No. GHH-I-00-07-00023-00, beginning August 27, 2010. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAR 1 PY 2015 VL 68 SU 2 BP S131 EP S137 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CH6CJ UT WOS:000354123100009 PM 25723977 ER PT J AU Trout, CH Dembele, O Diakite, D Bougoudogo, F Doumbia, B Mathieu, J Haidara, A Sangare, A Traore, S Burtner, J Cabral, H Messersmith, LJ AF Trout, Clinton H. Dembele, Ouman Diakite, Daouda Bougoudogo, Flabou Doumbia, Bakary Mathieu, Jacques Haidara, Amadou Sangare, Adama Traore, Sekou Burtner, Joanna Cabral, Howard Messersmith, Lisa J. TI West African Female Sex Workers in Mali: Reduction in HIV Prevalence and Differences in Risk Profiles of Sex Workers of Differing Nationalities of Origin SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; female sex workers; Mali; sexually transmitted infections; condom use; ISBS ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; CONDOM USE; REGULAR PARTNERS; PREVENTION; INTERVENTION; COUNTRIES; DISEASES; CLIENTS; TRIAL AB Background: Female sex workers (FSW) in Mali are highly vulnerable to HIV. Their prevalence in 2009 was 9 times higher (24.2%) than that among pregnant women (2.7%). Methods: Four Integrated HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) Surveillance and Behavioral Surveys among FSW in Mali (2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009) tracked demographic characteristics, behavior, and HIV and STI prevalence. Logistic regression using generalized estimating equations to control for the cluster effect identified factors associated with HIV-positive serostatus adjusting for potential confounding. Results: Of 2430 FSW, 40.8% were Nigerian, 36.8% were Malian, and 22.4% were from other neighboring countries. Between 2003 and 2009, HIV prevalence dropped from 44.14% to 28.49% (P < 0.0001) among Malians, from 21.33% to 12.71% (P = 0.0082) among Nigerians, and from 43.42% to 33.67% (P = 0.0442) among "others." Between 2000 and 2009, condom availability increased (89.18%-99.3%; P < 0.0001) as did HIV testing (40%-75%; P < 0.0001). Consistent condom use with clients improved for Malians (72.3%-81.5%; P = 0.0092), but not among Nigerians (92.7%-90.94%; P = 0.8240) and "others" (88.9%-88.48%; P = 0.8452). Consistent condom use with boyfriends was low and improved only for Nigerians (9.8%-28.4%; P = 0.0003). Factors associated with HIV prevalence in the multivariate model were older age, study year (2003 and 2006), nationality, lack of education, mobility, STI symptoms, gonorrhea prevalence, and younger age at first sex. Conclusions: This study documents progress in the fight against HIV among FSW in Mali. The different vulnerabilities to HIV found for different nationality FSW should be considered in programming and future research. C1 [Trout, Clinton H.; Messersmith, Lisa J.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Trout, Clinton H.] US Agcy Int Dev, USAID Global Hlth Fellows Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Dembele, Ouman; Haidara, Amadou] Minist Hlth & Publ Hyg, Natl AIDS Program, Bamako, Mali. [Diakite, Daouda] Natl High Council AIDS, Execut Secretariat, Bamako, Mali. [Bougoudogo, Flabou; Traore, Sekou] Natl Inst Publ Hlth Res, Bamako, Mali. [Doumbia, Bakary] Ctr Res & Stat Informat, Infostat, Bamako, Mali. [Mathieu, Jacques; Sangare, Adama] CDC Mali Country Program, Bamako, Mali. [Burtner, Joanna] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA. [Cabral, Howard] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. RP Trout, CH (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, ACI 2000,Rue 243,Porte 297, Bamako, Mali. EM ctrout@usaid.gov FU United States Agency for International Development [688-P-95-00059, OAA-A-11-00025] FX Supported by the United States Agency for International Development through agreement # 688-P-95-00059 (PASA to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and assistance award # OAA-A-11-00025 (Global Health Fellows Program). NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAR 1 PY 2015 VL 68 SU 2 BP S221 EP S231 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CH6CJ UT WOS:000354123100020 PM 25723988 ER PT J AU Wheeler, T Wolf, RC Kapesa, L Surdo, AC Dallabetta, G AF Wheeler, Tisha Wolf, R. Cameron Kapesa, Laurent Surdo, Alison Cheng Dallabetta, Gina TI Scaling-Up HIV Responses with Key Populations in West Africa SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; sex work; MSM; West and Central Africa; key populations ID FEMALE SEX WORKERS; GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; INTERVENTIONS; TRANSMISSION; METAANALYSIS; COUNTRIES; PROGRAM; PEOPLE; BURDEN AB Background: Despite decades of HIV responses in pockets of West and Central Africa (WCA), the HIV response with key populations remains an understudied area. Recently, there has been a proliferation of studies highlighting epidemiologic and behavioral data that challenge attitudes of complacency among donors and country governments uncomfortable in addressing key populations. Methods: The articles in this series highlight new studies that provide a better understanding of the epidemiologic and structural burden facing key populations in the WCA region and how to improve responses through more effective targeting. Results: Key populations face pervasive structural barriers including institutional and sexual violence and an intersection of stigma, criminalization, and marginalization as sexual minorities. Despite decades of smaller interventions that have shown the importance of integrated services for key populations, there remains incongruent provision of outreach or testing or family planning pointing to sustained risk. There remains an incongruent resource provision for key populations where they shoulder the burden of HIV and their access to services alone could turn around HIV epidemics within the region. Conclusions: These proximal and distal determinants must be addressed in regional efforts, led by the community, and resourced for scale, targeting those most at risk for the acquisition and transmission of HIV. This special issue builds the knowledge base for the region focusing on interventions that remove barriers to service access including treatment uptake for those living with HIV. Better analysis and use of data for strategic planning are shown to lead to more effective targeting of prevention, care, and HIV treatment programs with key populations. These articles further demonstrate the immediate need for comprehensive action to address HIV among key populations throughout the WCA region. C1 [Wheeler, Tisha; Wolf, R. Cameron; Surdo, Alison Cheng] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Kapesa, Laurent] US Agcy Int Dev, West Africa Reg Hlth Off, Accra, Ghana. [Dallabetta, Gina] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Integrated Delivery HIV, Washington, DC USA. RP Wheeler, T (reprint author), 1201 Penn Ave North West, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM twheeler@usaid.gov FU United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the US Agency for International Development (USAID) West Africa Regional Office FX Supported by the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the US Agency for International Development (USAID) West Africa Regional Office. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAR 1 PY 2015 VL 68 SU 2 BP S69 EP S73 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CH6CJ UT WOS:000354123100001 PM 25723993 ER PT J AU Wondergem, P Green, K Wambugu, S Asamoah-Adu, C Clement, NF Amenyah, R Atuahene, K Szpir, M AF Wondergem, Peter Green, Kimberly Wambugu, Samuel Asamoah-Adu, Comfort Clement, Nana Fosua Amenyah, Richard Atuahene, Kyeremeh Szpir, Michael TI A Short History of HIV Prevention Programs for Female Sex Workers in Ghana: Lessons Learned Over 3 Decades SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE female sex workers; HIV prevention programs; Ghana; history ID AIDS; ACCRA; INFECTION AB Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) in Ghana have a 10-fold greater risk for acquiring HIV than the general adult population, and they contribute a substantial proportion of the new HIV infections in the country. Although researchers have conducted behavioral and biological surveys, there has been no review of the contextual, programmatic, and epidemiological changes over time. Methods: The authors conducted a historical review of HIV prevention programs in Ghana. We reviewed the use of different interventions for HIV prevention among FSWs and data from program monitoring and Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Surveys. In particular, we looked at changes in service access and coverage, the use of HIV testing and counseling services, and the changing prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Results: HIV prevention interventions among FSWs increased greatly between 1987 and 2013. Only 72 FSWs were reached in a pilot program in 1987, whereas 40,508 FSWs were reached during a national program in 2013. Annual condom sales and the proportion of FSWs who used HIV testing and counseling services increased significantly, whereas the prevalence of gonorrhea and chlamydia decreased. The representation of FSWs in national HIV strategic plans and guidelines also improved. Conclusions: Ghana offers an important historical example of an evolving HIV prevention program that-despite periods of inactivity-grew in breadth and coverage over time. The prevention of HIV infections among sex workers has gained momentum in recent years through the efforts of the national government and its partners-a trend that is critically important to Ghana's future. C1 [Wondergem, Peter] US Agcy Int Dev, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Green, Kimberly; Wambugu, Samuel; Clement, Nana Fosua; Szpir, Michael] FHI 360, Accra, Ghana. [Green, Kimberly; Wambugu, Samuel; Clement, Nana Fosua; Szpir, Michael] FHI 360, Durham, NC USA. [Asamoah-Adu, Comfort] West Africa Program Combat AIDS & STI, Accra, Ghana. [Amenyah, Richard] UNAIDS TSF, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Atuahene, Kyeremeh] Ghana AIDS Commiss, Accra, Ghana. RP Wondergem, P (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, US Embassy, Rosa Pk Ave,POB 817, Yaounde, Cameroon. EM pwondergem@usaid.gov FU United States Agency for International Development; FHI [360] FX Supported by United States Agency for International Development and FHI 360. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAR 1 PY 2015 VL 68 SU 2 BP S138 EP S145 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CH6CJ UT WOS:000354123100010 PM 25723978 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, James D. TI Putting health first in universal health coverage SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 28 PY 2015 VL 385 IS 9970 BP 769 EP 770 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CC0UD UT WOS:000350051700020 PM 25752168 ER PT J AU Talukder, S Capon, A Nath, D Kolb, A Jahan, S Boufford, J AF Talukder, Shamim Capon, Anthony Nath, Dhiraj Kolb, Anthony Jahan, Selmin Boufford, Jo TI Urban health in the post-2015 agenda SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 [Talukder, Shamim; Jahan, Selmin] Eminence, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Capon, Anthony] Int Inst Global Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [Nath, Dhiraj] Asian Dev Bank, Manila, Philippines. [Kolb, Anthony] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Boufford, Jo] New York Acad Med, New York, NY USA. RP Talukder, S (reprint author), Eminence, Dhaka, Bangladesh. EM ceo@eminence-bd.org NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 28 PY 2015 VL 385 IS 9970 BP 769 EP 769 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CC0UD UT WOS:000350051700019 PM 25752169 ER PT J AU Oxlade, O Piatek, A Vincent, C Menzies, D AF Oxlade, Olivia Piatek, Amy Vincent, Cheri Menzies, Dick TI Modeling the impact of tuberculosis interventions on epidemiologic outcomes and health system costs SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Tuberculosis; Epidemiology; Decision analysis; Infectious disease modelling; Public health interventions ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; SEEKING BEHAVIOR; DRUG-RESISTANCE; BURKINA-FASO; TB DIAGNOSIS; DELAYS; CARE; METAANALYSIS; SERVICES; PROGRAM AB Background: Tuberculosis (TB) programs must invest in a variety of TB specific activities in order to reach ambitious global targets. Uncertainty exists surrounding the potential impact of each of these activities. The objective of our study was to model different interventions and quantify their impact on epidemiologic outcomes and costs from the health system perspective. Methods: Decision analysis was used to define the TB patient trajectory within the health system of three different countries. We considered up to seven different interventions that could affect either the natural history of TB, or patient trajectories within the health system. The expected impact of interventions were derived from published studies where possible. Epidemiologic outcomes and associated health system costs were projected for each scenario. Results: With no specific intervention, TB related death rates are high and less than 10% of the population starts on correct treatment. Interventions that either prevent cases or affect all patients with TB disease early in their trajectory are expected to have the biggest impact, regardless of underlying epidemiologic characteristics of the setting. In settings with a private sector, improving diagnosis and appropriate treatment across all sectors is expected to have a major impact on outcomes. Conclusion: In all settings, the greatest benefit will come from early diagnosis of all forms of TB. Once this has been achieved more specific interventions, such as those targeting HIV, drug resistance or the private sector can be integrated to increase impact. C1 [Oxlade, Olivia; Menzies, Dick] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Oxlade, Olivia; Menzies, Dick] McGill Int TB Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Menzies, Dick] Montreal Chest Inst, Montreal, PQ H2X 2P4, Canada. [Piatek, Amy; Vincent, Cheri] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Menzies, D (reprint author), McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM dick.menzies@mcgill.ca FU United States Agency for International Development FX This study was funded by the United States Agency for International Development. We have not entered into an agreement with the funder that has limited our ability to complete the research as planned. We have had full control of all primary data. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD FEB 13 PY 2015 VL 15 AR 141 DI 10.1186/s12889-015-1480-4 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CB6QM UT WOS:000349751600001 PM 25884339 ER PT J AU Libes, J Oruko, O Abdallah, F Githanga, J Ndung'u, J Musimbi, J Njuguna, F Patel, K White, J Axt, JR O'Neill, JA Shrubsole, M Li, M Lovvorn, HN AF Libes, Jaime Oruko, Oliver Abdallah, Fatmah Githanga, Jessie Ndung'u, James Musimbi, Joyce Njuguna, Festus Patel, Kirtika White, John Axt, Jason R. O'Neill, James A., Jr. Shrubsole, Martha Li, Ming Lovvorn, Harold N., III TI Risk Factors for Abandonment of Wilms Tumor Therapy in Kenya SO PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER LA English DT Article DE Kenya; treatment abandonment; Wilms tumor ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; PEDIATRIC-ONCOLOGY; CANCER; CHILDREN; CARE; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL; PROGRAM; MALAWI; MODEL AB Background. Survival from Wilms tumor (WT) in sub-Saharan Africa remains dismal as a result of on-therapy mortality and treatment abandonment. Review of patients diagnosed from 2008 to 2011 in our Kenyan Wilms Tumor Registry showed a loss to follow up (LTFU) rate approaching 50%. The purpose of this study was to trace those LTFU, estimate the survival rate, and identify risk factors for treatment abandonment. Procedure. We administered a comprehensive survey to parents of patients with WT at the two largest referral hospitals in Kenya to identify barriers to care. We also telephoned families who had abandoned care to determine vital status and identify risk factors for treatment abandonment. Results. Of 136 registered patients, 77 were confirmed dead (56.7%), 38 remained alive (27.9%), and the vital status of 21 patients remains unknown (15.4%). After contacting 33 of the patients who either abandoned curative treatment (n = 34) or did not attend off-therapy visits (n = 20), the best estimate of 2-year overall survival of patients with WT in Kenya approaches 36%. Sixty-three percent of parents misunderstood treatment plans and 55% encountered financial barriers. When asked how to increase comfort with the child's treatment, 27% of parents volunteered improving inefficient services and 26% volunteered reducing drug-unavailability. Conclusions. Treatment abandonment remains a significant problem contributing to increased mortality from WT in developing countries. This multi-center survey identified the barriers to treatment completion from the parental perspective to be lack of education aboutWTand treatment, financial constraints, need for quality improvement, and drug-unavailability. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Libes, Jaime] Vanderbilt Univ, Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Oruko, Oliver] Univ Nairobi, Dept Human Pathol, Nairobi, Kenya. [Abdallah, Fatmah; Githanga, Jessie] Univ Nairobi, Dept Haematol & Blood Transfus, Nairobi, Kenya. [Ndung'u, James] Kenyatta Natl Hosp, Dept Surg, Nairobi, Kenya. [Musimbi, Joyce; Njuguna, Festus] Moi Teaching & Referral Hosp, USAID Ampath Partnership, Eldoret, Kenya. [Patel, Kirtika] Moi Teaching & Referral Hosp, Dept Immunol, Eldoret, Kenya. [White, John; Shrubsole, Martha] Vanderbilt Epidemiol Ctr, Vanderbilt Inst Med & Publ Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Axt, Jason R.; O'Neill, James A., Jr.; Lovvorn, Harold N., III] Vanderbilt Univ, Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat Surg, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Li, Ming] Vanderbilt Univ, Childrens Hosp, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Libes, J (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Hematol Oncol, 2222 Pierce Ave,PRB 397, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM Jlibes23@gmail.com RI Shrubsole, Martha/K-5052-2015 OI Shrubsole, Martha/0000-0002-5591-7575 FU NIH [5T32CA106183-08, 1R21CA155946-01] FX Grant sponsor: NIH; Grant numbers: 5T32CA106183-08; 1R21CA155946-01 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1545-5009 EI 1545-5017 J9 PEDIATR BLOOD CANCER JI Pediatr. Blood Cancer PD FEB PY 2015 VL 62 IS 2 BP 252 EP 256 DI 10.1002/pbc.25312 PG 5 WC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics SC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics GA CF0FN UT WOS:000352218600015 PM 25382257 ER PT J AU Cain, KP Marano, N Kamene, M Sitienei, J Mukherjee, S Galev, A Burton, J Nasibov, O Kioko, J De Cock, KM AF Cain, Kevin P. Marano, Nina Kamene, Maureen Sitienei, Joseph Mukherjee, Subroto Galev, Aleksandar Burton, John Nasibov, Orkhan Kioko, Jackson De Cock, Kevin M. TI The Movement of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis across Borders in East Africa Needs a Regional and Global Solution SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DRUG-RESISTANCE; TRANSMISSION; POPULATIONS; THAILAND; REFUGEES; INDIA C1 [Cain, Kevin P.; Marano, Nina; De Cock, Kevin M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kisumu, Kenya. [Cain, Kevin P.; Marano, Nina; De Cock, Kevin M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nairobi, Kenya. [Kamene, Maureen; Sitienei, Joseph; Kioko, Jackson] Kenya Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. [Mukherjee, Subroto] East Africa Reg Off, US Agcy Int Dev, Nairobi, Kenya. [Galev, Aleksandar] Int Org Migrat, Dadaab, Kenya. [Galev, Aleksandar] Int Org Migrat, Nairobi, Kenya. [Burton, John; Nasibov, Orkhan] United Nations High Commissioner Refugees, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Cain, KP (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kisumu, Kenya. EM kcain@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1549-1676 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 12 IS 2 AR e1001791 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001791 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CE3GY UT WOS:000351715900007 PM 25710472 ER PT J AU Dharmapuri, S AF Dharmapuri, Sahana TI Gender, National Security, and Counter-Terrorism: Human Rights Perspectives SO HUMAN RIGHTS QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Dharmapuri, Sahana] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Dharmapuri, S (reprint author), USAID, Washington, DC USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0275-0392 EI 1085-794X J9 HUM RIGHTS QUART JI Hum. Rights Q. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 37 IS 1 BP 274 EP 276 PG 3 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA CB6KG UT WOS:000349735300018 ER PT J AU Stanback, J Lebetkin, E Orr, T Malarcher, S AF Stanback, John Lebetkin, Elena Orr, Tracy Malarcher, Shawn TI Sale and provision of injectable contraceptives in drug shops in developing countries: conclusions from a technical consultation SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Malarcher, Shawn] US Agcy Int Dev, New York, NY USA. EM jstanback@fhi360.org NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD FEB PY 2015 VL 91 IS 2 BP 93 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.11.007 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA CA4TD UT WOS:000348896300001 PM 25604899 ER PT J AU Monroy-Valle, MM Valle, KM Chaves, PFT AF Marie Monroy-Valle, Michele Monroy Valle, Karin Toledo Chaves, Pablo Francisco TI COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF LUNCHES AND BREAKFASTS PURCHASED OUTSIDE THE HOUSEHOLDS IN URBAN GUATEMALA SO NUTRICION HOSPITALARIA LA Spanish DT Article DE Breakfast; Lunch; Consumption patterns; Nutritive Value; Food Purchase ID FOOD COMPOSITION DATA; POPULATION; CONSUMPTION; SANTIAGO; HEALTH AB The National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure (ENIGFAM 2009-2010), showed that a third, and almost two thirds of Guatemalans purchased outside the home breakfast and lunch. Objective: To determine the composition, nutritional value and price of breakfast and lunch menus purchased outside the home in urban areas of three departments. Methodology: A descriptive study. We got nutritional value of energy, carbohydrates, proteins anti fats, by direct weight of a sample selected through convenience in Guatemala, San Marcos and Quetzaltenango. We evaluated the nutritional content of 159 breakfasts and 162 lunches, plus evaluate nutritional value of 10 complementary recipes by the triplicate recipe method. Results: The menus were acquired from Monday to Friday in diners and street vendors. The median price was Q9,00 (U.S. $ 1,13) for breakfast and Q12,75 (U.S. $ 1,59) for lunch. Breakfast ration weighted 425,4g breakfast with 5 or more preparations per menu. Lunch weighted 832,5g, with 5 or more preparations per menu. At 100 grams, the medians of the nutritional value of breakfast was 127,5Kcal; 4,0g of protein; 4,2g of fat; 18,7g of carbohydrate; lunch was 109,3Kcal; 3,8g of protein; fat and 17,3g; 2,7g carbohydrate. It was concluded that the menus correspond to the pattern of consumption (or purchase) of the Guatemalan population described in the National Basket of Goods and Services and in the Basic Food Basket, with high amounts of refined carbohydrates, saturated fat and little protein. C1 [Marie Monroy-Valle, Michele] Univ Rafael Landivar, Fac Ciencias Salud, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Monroy Valle, Karin] Univ Rafael Landivar, Fac Ciencias Econ & Empresariales, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Toledo Chaves, Pablo Francisco] USAID, DEVTECH Programa Monitoreo & Evaluac, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Monroy-Valle, MM (reprint author), Univ Rafael Landivar, Fac Ciencias Salud, Vista Hermosa 3,Campus Cent,Zona 16, Guatemala City, Guatemala. EM mmmonroy@gmail.com NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AULA MEDICA EDICIONES PI MADRID PA C/ISABEL COLBRAND, 10-12 NAVE 78 S PLANTA CIUDAD INDUSTRIAL VENECIA-EDIFICIO ALFA, MADRID, 28050, SPAIN SN 0212-1611 J9 NUTR HOSP JI Nutr. Hosp. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 31 IS 2 BP 908 EP 915 DI 10.3305/nh.2015.31.2.7752 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA CA3SD UT WOS:000348825500049 ER PT J AU Monroe, A Asamoah, O Lam, Y Koenker, H Psychas, P Lynch, M Ricotta, E Hornston, S Berman, A Harvey, SA AF Monroe, April Asamoah, Obed Lam, Yukyan Koenker, Hannah Psychas, Paul Lynch, Matthew Ricotta, Emily Hornston, Sureyya Berman, Amanda Harvey, Steven A. TI Outdoor-sleeping and other night-time activities in northern Ghana: implications for residual transmission and malaria prevention SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Outdoor-sleeping; Qualitative research; Ghana; West Africa; Insecticide-treated mosquito nets; Long-lasting insecticidal nets; Insecticide-treated bed nets; Indoor residual spraying; Bed net access; Night-time observation; Residual transmission; Outdoor transmission ID BED NETS; REPELLENT; MOSQUITOS; PATTERNS; CAMPAIGN; VECTORS; AREA AB Background: Despite targeted indoor residual spraying (IRS) over a six-year period and free mass distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), malaria rates in northern Ghana remain high. Outdoor sleeping and other night-time social, cultural and economic activities that increase exposure to infective mosquito bites are possible contributors. This study was designed to document these phenomena through direct observation, and to explore the context in which they occur. Methods: During the late dry season months of February and March 2014, study team members carried out continuous household observations from dusk to dawn in one village in Ghana's Northern Region and one in Upper West Region. In-depth interviews with health workers and community residents helped supplement observational findings. Results: Study team members completed observations of 182 individuals across 24 households, 12 households per site. Between the two sites, they interviewed 14 health workers, six community health volunteers and 28 community residents. In early evening, nearly all study participants were observed to be outdoors and active. From 18.00-23.00 hours, socializing, night school, household chores, and small-scale economic activities were common. All-night funerals, held outdoors and attended by large numbers of community members, were commonly reported and observed. Outdoor sleeping was frequently documented at both study sites, with 42% of the study population sleeping outdoors at some time during the night. While interviewees mentioned bed net use as important to malaria prevention, observed use was low for both indoor and outdoor sleeping. Net access within households was 65%, but only 17% of those with access used a net at any time during the night. Participants cited heat as the primary barrier and reported higher net use during the rainy season. Discussion: Outdoor sleeping and other night-time activities were extensive, and could significantly increase malaria risk. These findings suggest that indoor-oriented control measures such as ITNs and IRS are insufficient to eliminate malaria in this setting, especially given the low net use observed. Development and evaluation of complementary outdoor control strategies should be prioritized. A research agenda is proposed to quantify the relative risk of outdoor night-time activities and test potential vector control interventions that might reduce that risk. C1 [Monroe, April; Koenker, Hannah; Lynch, Matthew; Ricotta, Emily; Berman, Amanda] Johns Hopkins Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Asamoah, Obed] Malaria Consortium NetWorks Ghana, Accra, Ghana. [Lam, Yukyan; Harvey, Steven A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Psychas, Paul] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. [Hornston, Sureyya] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat PMI Ghana, Accra, Ghana. RP Harvey, SA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM Steven.Harvey@jhu.edu FU US Agency for International Development under the President's Malaria Initiative [GHS-A-00-09-00014]; NetWorks Project FX This study was funded by the NetWorks Project, made possible by the generous support of the American people through the US Agency for International Development under the President's Malaria Initiative, cooperative agreement GHS-A-00-09-00014. The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the US Government. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 35 DI 10.1186/s12936-015-0543-4 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CA7WY UT WOS:000349129300001 PM 25627277 ER PT J AU Koenker, H Kilian, A Hunter, G Acosta, A Scandurra, L Fagbemi, B Onyefunafoa, EO Fotheringham, M Lynch, M AF Koenker, Hannah Kilian, Albert Hunter, Gabrielle Acosta, Angela Scandurra, Leah Fagbemi, Babafunke Onyefunafoa, Emmanuel O. Fotheringham, Megan Lynch, Matthew TI Impact of a behaviour change intervention on long-lasting insecticidal net care and repair behaviour and net condition in Nasarawa State, Nigeria SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Behaviour change communication; Care and repair; LLIN; ITN; Durability ID TREATED NETS; PHYSICAL CONDITION; MOSQUITO NET; MALARIA PREVENTION; BED NETS; DURABILITY; PERCEPTIONS; CAMPAIGN; ETHIOPIA; SENEGAL AB Background: While some data on net durability have been accumulating in recent years, including formative qualitative research on attitudes towards net care and repair, no data are available on how the durability of a net is influenced by behaviour of net maintenance, care and repair, and whether behavioural change interventions (BCC) could substantially impact on the average useful life of the net. Methods: The study used an intervention-control design with before-after assessment through repeated cross-sectional household surveys with two-stage cluster sampling following Nasarawa State's December 2010 mass campaign. All campaign nets were 100-denier polyester, long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN). Baseline, midline, and endline surveys occurred at one-year intervals, in March 2012, March 2013, and April 2014, respectively. Outcome measures were the proportion of confirmed campaign nets with observed repairs, and the proportion in serviceable condition, measured with proportionate hole index (pHI) and according to WHO guidelines. Results: For all respondents, exposure to BCC messages was strongly correlated with increased positive attitude towards care and repair, and increases in attitude were positively correlated with observed net repairs, and with the proportion of nets in serviceable condition. In a multivariate regression model, positive care and repair attitude (OR 6.17 p = 0.001) and level of exposure (1 source: OR 4.00 p = 0.000; 3 sources: OR 9.34 p = 0.000) remained the most significant predictors of net condition, controlling for background and environmental factors. Nets that were tied up had 2.70 higher odds of being in serviceable condition (p = 0.001), while repairs made to nets were not sufficient to improve their pHI category. Estimated median net lifespan was approximately one full year longer for nets in households with a positive compared to a negative attitude. Conclusion: Exposure to multiple channels of a comprehensive BCC intervention was associated with improved attitude scores, and with improved net condition at endline. It is possible for BCC interventions to change both attitudes and behaviours, and to have an important effect on overall median net lifespan. Care and repair messages are easily incorporated into existing malaria BCC platforms, and will help contribute to improved net condition, providing, in principle, more protection from malaria. C1 [Koenker, Hannah; Hunter, Gabrielle; Acosta, Angela; Scandurra, Leah; Lynch, Matthew] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kilian, Albert] Trop Hlth LLP, Montagut, Spain. [Kilian, Albert] Malaria Consortium, Montagut, Spain. [Fagbemi, Babafunke] Ctr Commun Programs Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria. [Onyefunafoa, Emmanuel O.] Malaria Consortium, Abuja, Nigeria. [Fotheringham, Megan] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Koenker, H (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM hkoenker@jhu.edu FU US Agency for International Development (USAID); resident's Malaria Initiative (PMI) under the terms of USAID/JHU [GHS-A-00-09-00014-00] FX This study was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) under the terms of USAID/JHU Cooperative Agreement No. GHS-A-00-09-00014-00 for the NetWorks Project. The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JAN 21 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 18 DI 10.1186/s12936-014-0538-6 PG 16 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CA4LP UT WOS:000348875900004 PM 25604427 ER PT J AU Ricotta, EE Boulay, M Ainslie, R Babalola, S Fotheringham, M Koenker, H Lynch, M AF Ricotta, Emily E. Boulay, Marc Ainslie, Robert Babalola, Stella Fotheringham, Megan Koenker, Hannah Lynch, Matthew TI The use of mediation analysis to assess the effects of a behaviour change communication strategy on bed net ideation and household universal coverage in Tanzania SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Mediation; Ideation; Social behaviour change communication; ITN ID LASTING INSECTICIDAL NETS; TREATED NETS; LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS; NATIONAL CAMPAIGN; MALARIA CONTROL; BURKINA-FASO; IMPLEMENTATION; PREVENTION; CHILDREN; VOUCHERS AB Background: SBCC campaigns are designed to act on cognitive, social and emotional factors at the individual or community level. The combination of these factors, referred to as 'ideation', play a role in determining behaviour by reinforcing and confirming decisions about a particular health topic. This study introduces ideation theory and mediation analysis as a way to evaluate the impact of a malaria SBCC campaign in Tanzania, to determine whether exposure to a communication programme influenced universal coverage through mediating ideational variables. Methods: A household survey in three districts where community change agents (CCAs) were active was conducted to collect information on ITN use, number of ITNs in the household, and perceptions about ITN use and ownership. Variables relating to attitudes and beliefs were combined to make 'net ideation'. Using an ideational framework, a mediation analysis was conducted to see the impact exposure to a CCA only, mass media and community (M & C) messaging only, or exposure to both, had on household universal coverage, through the mediating variable net ideation. Results: All three levels of exposure (CCA, M & C messaging, or exposure to both) were significantly associated with increased net ideation (CCA: 0.283, 95% CI: 0.136-0.429, p-value: <0.001; M & C: 0.128, 95% CI: 0.032-0.334, p-value: 0.018; both: 0.376, 95% CI: 0.170-0.580, p-value: <0.001). Net ideation also significantly increased the odds of having universal coverage (CCA(OR): 1.265, 95% CI: 1.118-1.433, p-value: <0.001; M & C-OR: 1.264, 95% CI: 1.117-1.432, p-value: <0.001, both(OR): 1.260, 95% CI: 1.114-1.428, p-value: <0.001). There were no significant direct effects between any exposure and universal coverage when controlling for net ideation. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that mediation analysis is an applicable new tool to assess SBCC campaigns. Ideation as a mediator of the effects of communication exposure on household universal coverage has implications for designing SBCC to support both mass and continuous distribution efforts, since both heavily rely on consumer participation to obtain and maintain ITNs. Such systems can be strengthened by SBCC programming, generating demand through improving social norms about net ownership and use, perceived benefits of nets, and other behavioural constructs. C1 [Ricotta, Emily E.; Boulay, Marc; Ainslie, Robert; Babalola, Stella; Koenker, Hannah; Lynch, Matthew] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Johns Hopkins Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Fotheringham, Megan] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Ricotta, EE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Johns Hopkins Ctr Commun Programs, 111 Market Pl Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM ericotta@jhu.edu FU Networks project; COMMIT project; US Agency for International Development under the President's Malaria Initiative [GHS-A-00-09-00014, 621-A-00-08-00005-00] FX This study was funded under the Networks project and the COMMIT project, made possible by the generous support of the American people through the US Agency for International Development under the President's Malaria Initiative, via cooperative agreements GHS-A-00-09-00014 and 621-A-00-08-00005-00, respectively. We are grateful to the study team, the CCAs, and COMMIT project, in particular Waziri Nyoni, David Dadi, Jacob Macha, Pamela Kweka, Benjamin Kamala, and Susan Mlangwa for their work in implementing the project, supervising data collection, and for their valuable feedback on the manuscript. We would also like to thank Dr Martin Alilio from the President's Malaria Initiative for providing extensive feedback on the manuscript. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JAN 21 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 15 DI 10.1186/s12936-014-0531-0 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CA4LP UT WOS:000348875900001 PM 25603882 ER PT B AU Mishra, S AF Mishra, Satish BE Roberts, CB Habir, AD Sebastian, LC TI The Economy in Indonesia's Ascent: Making Sense of it All SO INDONESIA'S ASCENT: POWER, LEADERSHIP, AND THE REGIONAL ORDER SE Critical Studies of the Asia-Pacific Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mishra, Satish] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Mishra, Satish] OECD, Brussels, Belgium. [Mishra, Satish] UNDP, New York, NY USA. [Mishra, Satish] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Mishra, S (reprint author), Strateg Asia, London, England. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-137-39741-6; 978-1-137-39740-9 J9 CRIT STUD ASIA PAC S PY 2015 BP 40 EP 68 D2 10.1057/9781137397416 PG 29 WC Area Studies; International Relations SC Area Studies; International Relations GA BG2TL UT WOS:000387687400003 ER PT S AU Anderson, B AF Anderson, Bobby BA Anderson, B BF Anderson, B TI Papua's Insecurity State Failure in the Indonesian Periphery SO PAPUA'S INSECURITY: STATE FAILURE IN THE INDONESIAN PERIPHERY SE Policy Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Anderson, Bobby] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Anderson, Bobby] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Anderson, Bobby] Int Org Migrat, Geneva, Switzerland. [Anderson, Bobby] Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Anderson, B (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew Sch Publ Policy, Singapore 117548, Singapore. EM rubashov@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EAST-WEST CENTER PI HONOLULU PA 1601 EAST-WEST ROAD, HONOLULU, HI 96848-1601 USA SN 1547-1330 BN 978-0-86638-265-6; 978-0-86638-264-9 J9 POL STUD PY 2015 VL 73 BP 1 EP + PG 67 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BF7BE UT WOS:000383903000002 ER PT S AU Jones, E Schuttenberg, H Gray, T Stead, S AF Jones, Estelle Schuttenberg, Heidi Gray, Tim Stead, Selina BE Jentoft, S Chuenpagdee, R TI The Governability of Mangrove Ecosystems in Thailand: Comparative Successes of Different Governance Models SO INTERACTIVE GOVERNANCE FOR SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES: GLOBAL REFLECTIONS SE MARE Publication Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Governability; Mangroves; Self-governance; Marine protected areas; Case studies ID RESOURCE CONSERVATION; CORAL-REEFS; COMMUNITY; MANAGEMENT; INSTITUTIONS; LESSONS AB The continuing loss of coastal-marine biodiversity and the over-exploitation of coastal fisheries in many parts of the world fuel debates about what governance arrangements can turn the tide on these declines. Using the governability framework, this chapter investigates the comparative strengths and weaknesses of self-governance and co-governance arrangements, by interrogating six case studies from a mangrove region in Thailand. Our examination of three successful and three unsuccessful case studies, identifies the characteristics that distinguish cases which were successfully able to continue long-term implementation of negotiated resource management arrangements: (1) trust and cooperation in governance interactions, which enables conflict resolution and informal sanctioning; and (2) stakeholders' perceptions that the solution was fair and legitimate. Our analysis also challenges three widely accepted "good practices" for managing natural resources: the need for extensive community engagement in designing solutions; the requirement for formal recognition of community-designed solutions; and the desirability of large inputs of funding from external donors. Our data showed that whilst these three good practices are desirable, they are not necessarily required for successful initiatives. We also offer observations about the influence of diversity, complexity, dynamics, and scale on governance outcomes. C1 [Jones, Estelle; Stead, Selina] Newcastle Univ, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. [Schuttenberg, Heidi] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Schuttenberg, Heidi] Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Gray, Tim] Newcastle Univ, Dept Polit, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Jones, E (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. EM estelle.jones@talk21.com; heidi.schuttenberg@gmail.com; tim.gray@ncl.ac.uk; selina.stead@ncl.ac.uk NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMSTERDAM UNIV PRESS PI AMSTERDAM 1071 PA PRINSENGRACHI 747-51, AMSTERDAM 1071, NETHERLANDS SN 2212-6260 BN 978-3-319-17034-3; 978-3-319-17033-6 J9 MARE PUBL SER PY 2015 VL 13 BP 413 EP 432 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-17034-3_22 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-17034-3 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BF7FN UT WOS:000384051700028 ER PT B AU Colfer, CJP Alcorn, JB Russell, D AF Colfer, Carol J. Pierce Alcorn, Janis B. Russell, Diane BE Cairns, MF TI SWIDDENS AND FALLOWS Reflections on the global and local values of 'slash and burn' SO SHIFTING CULTIVATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, AGRICULTURE AND FOREST CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; FOREST MANAGEMENT; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; DEGRADATION; CULTIVATION; INDIA; REDD; CONSERVATION; AGRICULTURE; STRUGGLE C1 [Colfer, Carol J. Pierce] Ctr Int Forestry Res CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. [Alcorn, Janis B.] Univ Manitoba, Nat Resources Inst, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Alcorn, Janis B.] RRI, Country Program, Washington, DC USA. [Alcorn, Janis B.] RRI, Reg Program, Washington, DC USA. [Alcorn, Janis B.] Fdn Urundei, Salta, Argentina. [Russell, Diane] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Colfer, CJP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Southeast Asia Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. NR 156 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-74605-2; 978-1-315-79632-1; 978-0-415-74603-8 PY 2015 BP 62 EP 86 PG 25 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BF6FC UT WOS:000383025400006 ER PT B AU Koth, B AF Koth, Barbara BE Pratt, S Harrison, D TI Hosting bluewater sailors A destination model for the Pacific islands SO TOURISM IN PACIFIC ISLANDS: CURRENT ISSUES AND FUTURE CHALLENGES SE Contemporary Geographies of Leisure Tourism and Mobility LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Koth, Barbara] Univ South Australia, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Koth, Barbara] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Koth, Barbara] Fed Highway Adm, Washington, DC USA. [Koth, Barbara] World Bank, Overseas Aid Dev Project, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Koth, Barbara] USAID, Overseas Aid Dev Project, Washington, DC USA. [Koth, Barbara] FINNIDA, Overseas Aid Dev Project, Washington, DC USA. RP Koth, B (reprint author), UniSA, Barbara Hardy Inst sustainabil, Adelaide, SA, Australia. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-315-77382-7; 978-1-138-77535-0 J9 CONTEMP GEOGR LEIS T PY 2015 VL 48 BP 219 EP 238 PG 20 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BF6SB UT WOS:000383666800013 ER PT S AU Anderson, B AF Anderson, Bobby BA Anderson, B BF Anderson, B TI Papua's Insecurity State Failure in the Indonesian Periphery Executive Summary SO PAPUA'S INSECURITY: STATE FAILURE IN THE INDONESIAN PERIPHERY SE Policy Studies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Anderson, Bobby] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Anderson, Bobby] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Anderson, Bobby] Int Org Migrat, Geneva, Switzerland. [Anderson, Bobby] Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Anderson, B (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew Sch Publ Policy, Singapore 117548, Singapore. EM rubashov@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EAST-WEST CENTER PI HONOLULU PA 1601 EAST-WEST ROAD, HONOLULU, HI 96848-1601 USA SN 1547-1330 BN 978-0-86638-265-6; 978-0-86638-264-9 J9 POL STUD PY 2015 VL 73 BP XIII EP XV PG 3 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BF7BE UT WOS:000383903000001 ER PT B AU Bailur, S AF Bailur, Savita BE DeVaujany, FX Mitev, N Lanzara, GF Mukherjee, A TI 'Development, Development, Development': Rules and Norms Performed at a 'Community' Multimedia Centre in South India SO MATERIALITY, RULES AND REGULATION: NEW TRENDS IN MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION STUDIES SE Technology Work and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PERFORMATIVITY; NETWORK C1 [Bailur, Savita] World Wide Web Fdn, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Bailur, Savita] mySociety, London, England. [Bailur, Savita] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Bailur, Savita] Microsoft Res India, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. [Bailur, Savita] Commonwealth Secretariat, London, England. [Bailur, Savita] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Bailur, S (reprint author), World Wide Web Fdn, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-137-55264-8; 978-1-137-55262-4 J9 TECHNOL WORK GLOB PY 2015 BP 52 EP 72 D2 10.1057/9781137552648 PG 21 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BF4XP UT WOS:000381759700005 ER PT B AU Solimano, G Valdivia, L AF Solimano, Giorgio Valdivia, Leonel BE Braithwaite, J Matsuyama, Y Mannion, R Johnson, J TI Chile SO HEALTHCARE REFORM, QUALITY AND SAFETY: PERSPECTIVES, PARTICIPANTS, PARTNERSHIPS AND PROSPECTS IN 30 COUNTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Over the past decade, Chile has implemented several significant health reform initiatives, including "Universal Access with Explicit Guarantees" (Acceso Universal con Garantias Explicitas-AUGE), which guarantees opportune, quality, and financially protected treatment for 80 priority health conditions. While these reforms have achieved considerable improvements in access to healthcare, even for the most disadvantaged groups, the impact of the policies is not yet sufficiently felt in the quality and safety of healthcare, particularly in the public system. Several mechanisms have been established to provide quality assurance and safety of care, and an institutional framework is in place for its enforcement at both national and regional levels. Full and successful implementation of the reforms, however, has faced obstacles in terms of the availability of expert human resources, the resolutive capacity of the primary care centers, and the timeliness of attention. It is expected that the administration of the New Majority will address these pressing issues and continue to thoroughly evaluate and improve the healthcare system's quality and effectiveness for the entire Chilean population. C1 [Solimano, Giorgio] Univ Chile, Sch Publ Hlth Dr Salvador Allende G, Global Hlth Program, Santiago, Chile. [Solimano, Giorgio] Latin Amer Alliance Global Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Solimano, Giorgio] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Epidemiol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Solimano, Giorgio] Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Solimano, Giorgio] Latin Amer Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Solimano, Giorgio] Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Solimano, Giorgio] Univ Chile, Santiago, Chile. [Valdivia, Leonel] Univ Chile, Fac Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Global Hlth Program, Santiago, Chile. [Valdivia, Leonel] Directing Team Sch, London, England. [Valdivia, Leonel] Sch Dept Hlth Promot & Educ, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Valdivia, Leonel] UNFPA, Washington, DC USA. [Valdivia, Leonel] PAHO WHO, Washington, DC USA. [Valdivia, Leonel] IPPF, Washington, DC USA. [Valdivia, Leonel] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Valdivia, Leonel] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Solimano, G (reprint author), Univ Chile, Sch Publ Hlth Dr Salvador Allende G, Global Hlth Program, Santiago, Chile. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4724-5141-5; 978-1-4724-5140-8 PY 2015 BP 183 EP 191 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA BE7BF UT WOS:000375028900022 ER PT J AU Nahar, Q Jamil, K Arifeen, SE Streatfield, PK AF Nahar, Q. Jamil, K. Arifeen, S. E. Streatfield, P. K. TI Epidemiology and Causes of Adult Female Death in Bangladesh: Findings from Two National Surveys SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th IEA World Congress of Epidemiology (WCE) CY AUG 17-21, 2014 CL Anchorage, AK SP Int Epidemiol Assoc C1 [Nahar, Q.; Arifeen, S. E.; Streatfield, P. K.] ICDDR B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Jamil, K.] USAID, Dhaka, Bangladesh. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 EI 1464-3685 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PY 2015 VL 44 SU 1 MA 3547 BP 71 EP 71 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DM9BV UT WOS:000376659900161 ER PT B AU Lemarchand, R AF Lemarchand, Rene BE Carmichael, C Maguire, RC TI GENOCIDE IN THE GREAT LAKES SO ROUTLEDGE HISTORY OF GENOCIDE SE Routledge Histories LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lemarchand, Rene] Univ Florida, Polit Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lemarchand, Rene] USAID, Governance & Democracy, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Lemarchand, Rene] USAID, Governance & Democracy, Accra, Ghana. RP Lemarchand, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-315-71905-4; 978-0-415-52996-9 J9 ROUT HIST PY 2015 BP 166 EP 182 PG 17 WC History SC History GA BE5KD UT WOS:000372925400012 ER PT J AU Garau, M Shah, KK Sharma, P Towse, A AF Garau, Martina Shah, Koonal Kirit Sharma, Priya Towse, Adrian TI IS THE LINK BETWEEN HEALTH AND WEALTH CONSIDERED IN DECISION MAKING? RESULTS FROM A QUALITATIVE STUDY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN HEALTH CARE LA English DT Article DE Societal perspective; Indirect costs; HTA systems; Qualitative research ID COSTS; DISORDERS AB Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore whether wealth effects of health interventions, including productivity gains and savings in other sectors, are considered in resource allocations by health technology assessment (HTA) agencies and government departments. To analyze reasons for including, or not including, wealth effects. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with decision makers and academic experts in eight countries (Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, South Korea, Sweden, and the United Kingdom). Results: There is evidence suggesting that health interventions can produce economic gains for patients and national economies. However, we found that the link between health and wealth does not influence decision making in any country with the exception of Sweden. This is due to a combination of factors, including system fragmentation, methodological issues, and the economic recession forcing national governments to focus on short-term measures. Conclusions: In countries with established HTA processes and methods allowing, in principle, the inclusion of wider effects in exceptional cases or secondary analyses, it might be possible to overcome the methodological and practical barriers and see a more systematic consideration of wealth effect in decision making. This would be consistent with principles of efficient priority setting. Barriers for the consideration of wealth effects in government decision making are more fundamental, due to an enduring separation of budgets within the public sector and current financial pressures. However, governments should consider all relevant effects from public investments, including healthcare, even when benefits can only be captured in the medium- and long-term. This will ensure that resources are allocated where they bring the best returns. C1 [Garau, Martina; Shah, Koonal Kirit; Towse, Adrian] Off Hlth Econ, London, England. [Sharma, Priya] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Garau, M (reprint author), Off Hlth Econ, London, England. EM mgarau@ohe.org RI Shah, Koonal/M-9123-2014 OI Shah, Koonal/0000-0002-4927-7858 FU Eli Lilly and Company FX The work on this paper conducted by Martina Garau, Koonal Shah, Priya Sharma, and Adrian Towse was funded by Eli Lilly and Company. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4623 EI 1471-6348 J9 INT J TECHNOL ASSESS JI Int. J. Technol. Assess. Health Care PY 2015 VL 31 IS 6 BP 449 EP 456 DI 10.1017/S0266462315000616 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics GA DH6BR UT WOS:000372876500012 PM 26868091 ER PT B AU Strigel, C Lang'o, M Kwayumba, D Koko, S AF Strigel, Carmen Lang'o, Mildren Kwayumba, Dunstone Koko, Sarah BE Crompton, H Traxler, J TI CASE STUDY Tangerine: Class for Data-Informed Instructional Decision Making in Kenya SO MOBILE LEARNING AND MATHEMATICS: FOUNDATIONS, DESIGN, AND CASE STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CURRICULUM-BASED MEASUREMENT; ACHIEVEMENT C1 [Strigel, Carmen] RTI Int, Informat & Commun Technol ICT Educ, Nairobi, Kisumu County, Kenya. [Strigel, Carmen] Tangerine Software Platform, Dev, London, England. [Lang'o, Mildren] RTI Int, Nairobi, Kisumu County, Kenya. [Lang'o, Mildren] USAID, Implementat, Kenya Funded Primary Math & Reading PRIMR Program, Informat & Commun Technol ICT Pilot Study, Kisumu, Kenya. [Lang'o, Mildren] MoEST, PRIMR Act, Nairobi, Kenya. [Kwayumba, Dunstone] RTI Int, Primary Math & Reading PRIMR Initiat, Nairobi, Kisumu County, Kenya. [Koko, Sarah] RTI Int, Primary Math & Reading PRIMR Initiat, Implementat, Nairobi, Kisumu County, Kenya. RP Strigel, C (reprint author), RTI Int, Informat & Commun Technol ICT Educ, Nairobi, Kisumu County, Kenya. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-74281-8; 978-1-315-81434-6; 978-0-415-74280-1 PY 2015 BP 198 EP 212 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BD9BD UT WOS:000364509700017 ER PT J AU Choi, Y Fabic, MS Hounton, S Koroma, D AF Choi, Yoonjoung Fabic, Madeleine Short Hounton, Sennen Koroma, Desmond TI Meeting demand for family planning within a generation: prospects and implications at country level SO GLOBAL HEALTH ACTION LA English DT Article DE demand for family planning; modern contraception; Sustainable Development Goals ID SUCCESS STORY; HEALTH AB Background: Inorder to track progress towards the target of universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services of the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a measure (demand for family planning satisfied with modern contraceptive methods) and a benchmark (at least 75% by 2030 in all countries) have been recommended. Objectives: The goal of this study was to assess the prospects of reaching the benchmark at the country level. Such information can facilitate strategic planning, including resource allocation at global and country levels. Design: We selected 63 countries based on their status as least developed according to the United Nations or as a priority country in global family planning initiatives. Using United Nations estimates and projections of family planning indicators between 1970 and 2030, we calculated percent demand for family planning satisfied with modern contraceptive methods for each year and country. We then calculated the annual percentage point changes between 2014 and 2030 required to meet the benchmark. The required rates of change were compared to current projections as well as estimates between 1970 and 2010. Results: To reach the benchmark on average across the 63 countries, demand satisfied with modern methods must increase by 2.2 percentage points per year between 2014 and 2030 - more than double current projections. Between 1970 and 2010, such rapid progress was observed in 24 study countries but typically spanning 5 - 10 years. At currently projected rates, only 9 of the 63 study countries will reach the benchmark. Meanwhile, the gap between projected and required changes is largest in the Central and West African regions, 0.9 and 3.0 percentage points per year, respectively. If the benchmark is achieved, 334 million women across the study countries will use a modern contraceptive method in 2030, compared to 226 million women in 2014. Conclusions: In order to achieve the component of the SDGs calling for universal access to sexual and reproductive health services, substantial effort is needed to accelerate rates of progress by a factor of 2 in most study countries and by a factor of 3 in Central and West African countries. C1 [Choi, Yoonjoung; Fabic, Madeleine Short] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Hounton, Sennen; Koroma, Desmond] United Nations Populat Fund, New York, NY USA. RP Choi, Y (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM ychoi@usaid.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 1654-9880 J9 GLOBAL HEALTH ACTION JI Glob. Health Action PY 2015 VL 8 SI SI BP 3 EP 12 AR 29734 DI 10.3402/gha.v8.29734 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CW5GG UT WOS:000365023100002 PM 26562140 ER PT J AU Szuchman, J AF Szuchman, Jeffrey TI An Archaeologist in International Development SO JOURNAL OF EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND HERITAGE STUDIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Szuchman, Jeffrey] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Szuchman, J (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM jszuchman@usaid.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENN STATE UNIV PRESS PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 820 NORTH UNIV DRIVE, U S B 1, STE C, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 2166-3548 EI 2166-3556 J9 J EAST MEDITERR ARCH JI J. East. Mediterr. Archaeol. Herit. Stud. PY 2015 VL 3 IS 3 BP 250 EP 254 PG 7 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA CW1JC UT WOS:000364744600007 ER PT J AU Kassinis, EV AF Kassinis, Elizabeth V. TI Patrimony for Peace: Supporting Cultural Heritage Projects to Build Bridges in Cyprus SO JOURNAL OF EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND HERITAGE STUDIES LA English DT Article C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Nicosia, Cyprus. RP Kassinis, EV (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Nicosia, Cyprus. EM kassinisev@state.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENN STATE UNIV PRESS PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 820 NORTH UNIV DRIVE, U S B 1, STE C, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 2166-3548 EI 2166-3556 J9 J EAST MEDITERR ARCH JI J. East. Mediterr. Archaeol. Herit. Stud. PY 2015 VL 3 IS 2 BP 153 EP 156 PG 5 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA CS2BC UT WOS:000361871800007 ER PT J AU Greenstein, J AF Greenstein, Jacob TI Optimization of Farm-to-Market Road Investment and Maintenance Activities in Selected Developing Countries SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB The objective of the administration of farm-to-market roads in countries such as the Central African Republic, Liberia, and South Sudan is to optimize maintenance activities in relation to improving road safety and minimizing life-cycle costs, including road investment, maintenance, and road user costs. The decision on the selection of the most feasible and affordable road dimensions and characteristics, such as all-weather or weather-dependent accessibility, is based on engineering and economic analysis of costs and benefits related to the level of accessibility and the economic life expectancy of the road network. In selected rural areas of African countries such as the Central African Republic, Liberia, and South Sudan, road improvement is a component of an area development program. Traffic volumes are less than 50 vehicles per day (vpd) on these roads, and the development program includes both (a) an engineering and socioeconomic methodology that examines the relationship between road accessibility and agricultural production and (b) social services to evaluate the costs and benefits of the investments of the whole program. Rural investment is most efficient when the most economic type of roadway and the complementary agricultural investments are jointly optimized. The principal benefits achieved are reduced road user costs and reduction of agricultural spoilage. The paper concludes that, when the annual average daily traffic (AADT) is less than 50 vpd, the engineering-improved road surface is the most feasible solution. When the AADT is more than 50 and less than 300 vpd, the most feasible road surface is gravel, and when the AADT is more than 300, blacktop resurfacing is justified. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Greenstein, J (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Ronald Reagan Bldg, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jgreenstein@usaid.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2015 IS 2472 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.3141/2472-02 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA CM5WQ UT WOS:000357760100003 ER PT J AU Schuttenberg, HZ Guth, HK AF Schuttenberg, H. Z. Guth, Heidi K. TI Seeking our shared wisdom: a framework for understanding knowledge coproduction and coproductive capacities SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE climate change; coproduction; coral reef management; governance; traditional ecological knowledge ID NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; TRANSDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH; SCIENCE; POLICY; SUSTAINABILITY; MANAGEMENT; GOVERNANCE; MARINE AB The widespread disconnect between scientific projections of climate change and the implementation of responsive management actions has escalated calls for knowledge production processes able to exercise a stronger voice in decision making. Recently, the concept of coproduction has been championed as a potential answer. The term 'knowledge coproduction' is used loosely in the literature to describe an inclusive, iterative approach to creating new information; it is distinguished by its focus on facilitating interactions between stakeholders to develop an integrated or transformational understanding of a sustainability problem. Whether a coproduction process is successful in this integration of science and policy depends on a range of capabilities that should be understood as 'coproductive capacities.' We draw on the literature from sustainability science to propose a conceptual framework that specifies the sequential goals of knowledge coproduction and potential sources of coproductive capacity. We apply this framework to examine our experience facilitating the coproduction of a climate change action plan for Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument and World Heritage Site. This framework offers a structure for systematically investigating the capacities, mechanisms, and dynamics of knowledge coproduction and for guiding the design of coproduction processes. C1 [Schuttenberg, H. Z.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. [Schuttenberg, H. Z.] Univ Aberdeen, Ctr Sustainable Int Dev, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. [Guth, Heidi K.] Kai Hooulu LLLC, Island Of Hawaii, HI USA. RP Schuttenberg, HZ (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur E3, Off Forestry & Biodivers, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 19 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2015 VL 20 IS 1 AR 15 DI 10.5751/ES-07038-200115 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG4XW UT WOS:000353293900015 ER PT J AU Andrinopoulos, K Hembling, J Guardado, ME Hernandez, FD Nieto, AI Melendez, G AF Andrinopoulos, Katherine Hembling, John Elena Guardado, Maria de Maria Hernandez, Flor Isabel Nieto, Ana Melendez, Giovanni TI Evidence of the Negative Effect of Sexual Minority Stigma on HIV Testing Among MSM and Transgender Women in San Salvador, El Salvador SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE HIV testing; Men who have sex with men; Transgender women; Internalized homonegativity; El Salvador ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; GAY MEN; INTERNALIZED HOMONEGATIVITY; PREVENTION; INFECTION; HEALTH; PREJUDICE; POPULATIONS; DECISIONS; ATTITUDES AB A cross sectional survey was administered to 670 men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) in San Salvador through respondent driven sampling to identify determinants of ever testing for HIV using a minority stress framework. A positive association was found between ever testing and older age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.10], past experience of sexual assault (aOR 2.92), perceiving that most social acquaintances had tested (aOR 1.81), and knowing a PLHIV (aOR 1.94). A negative association was found between homelessness and ever testing (aOR 0.43). Among the MSM sub-sample (n = 506), similar results were found for older age (aOR 2.63), and past experience of sexual assault (aOR 2.56). Internalized homonegativity was negatively associated with ever testing for HIV among MSM (aOR 0.46), and HIV testing stigma and experienced provider discrimination further strengthened this relationship. It is important to mitigate sexual minority stigma in order to increase HIV testing among MSM. Future research should explore this construct among TW. C1 [Andrinopoulos, Katherine; Hembling, John] Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth Syst & Dev, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Elena Guardado, Maria; de Maria Hernandez, Flor] Intervent Network TEPHINET Inc, Training Programs Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Isabel Nieto, Ana] Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Natl AIDS Control Program, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Melendez, Giovanni] US Agcy Int Dev, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Andrinopoulos, K (reprint author), Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth Syst & Dev, 1440 Canal St,Suite 2200, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM kandrino@tulane.edu NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 EI 1573-3254 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS Behav. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 19 IS 1 BP 60 EP 71 DI 10.1007/s10461-014-0813-0 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA AZ6OT UT WOS:000348339500008 PM 24907779 ER PT J AU Martorell, R Ascencio, M Tacsan, L Alfaro, T Young, MF Addo, OY Dary, O Flores-Ayala, R AF Martorell, Reynaldo Ascencio, Melany Tacsan, Luis Alfaro, Thelma Young, Melissa F. Addo, O. Yaw Dary, Omar Flores-Ayala, Rafael TI Effectiveness evaluation of the food fortification program of Costa Rica: impact on anemia prevalence and hemoglobin concentrations in women and children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE anemia; Costa Rica; food fortification; hemoglobin; women and children ID WHEAT-FLOUR FORTIFICATION; FORTIFIED MILK; LOW-INCOME; IRON; IMPLEMENTATION; OUTCOMES; SCALE AB Background: Food fortification is one approach for addressing anemia, but information on program effectiveness is limited. Objective: We evaluated the impact of Costa Rica's fortification program on anemia in women aged 15-45 y and children aged 1-7 y. Design: Reduced iron, an ineffective fortificant, was replaced by ferrous fumarate in wheat flour in 2002, and ferrous bisglycinate was added to maize flour in 1999 and to liquid and powdered milk in 2001. We used a one-group pretest-posttest design and national survey data from 1996 (baseline; 910 women, 965 children) and 2008-2009 (endline; 863 women, 403 children) to assess changes in iron deficiency (children only) and anemia. Data were also available for sentinel sites (1 urban, 1 rural) for 1999-2000 (405 women, 404 children) and 2008-2009 (474 women, 195 children), including 24-h recall data in children. Monitoring of fortification levels was routine. Results: Foods were fortified as mandated. Fortification provided about one-half the estimated average requirement for iron in children, mostly and equally through wheat flour and mine. Anemia was reduced in children and women in national and sentinel site comparisons. At the national level, anemia declined in children from 19.3% (95% CI: 16.8%, 21.8%) to 4.0% (95% CI: 2.1%, 5.9%) and in women from 18.4% (95% CI: 15.8%, 20.9%) to 10.2% (95% CI: 8.2%, 12.2%). In children, iron deficiency declined from 26.9% (95% CI: 21.1%, 32.7%) to 6.8% (95% CI: 4.2%, 9.3%), and iron deficiency anemia, which was 6.2% (95% CI: 3.0%, 9.3%) at baseline, could no longer be detected at the endline. Conclusions: A plausible impact pathway suggests that fortification improved iron status and reduced anemia. Although unlikely in the Costa Rican context, other explanations cannot be excluded in a pre/post comparison. C1 [Martorell, Reynaldo; Young, Melissa F.; Addo, O. Yaw; Flores-Ayala, Rafael] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Ascencio, Melany; Tacsan, Luis] Minist Salud, Direcc Desarrollo Cient & Tecnol Salud, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Alfaro, Thelma] Inst Costarricense Invest & Ensenanza Nutr & Salu, Ctr Nacl Referencia Bromatol, Cartago, Costa Rica. [Dary, Omar] US Agcy Int Dev, Div Nutr, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Flores-Ayala, Rafael] US CDC, IMMPaCt Program, Nutr Branch, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Martorell, R (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, 1599 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM rmart77@emory.edu OI Addo, O.Yaw/0000-0003-1269-759X FU Micronutrient Initiative, Ottawa, Canada FX Supported by The Micronutrient Initiative, Ottawa, Canada. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 101 IS 1 BP 210 EP 217 DI 10.3945/ajcn.114.097709 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA AX4ID UT WOS:000346895700024 PM 25527765 ER PT J AU Mendelson, SE AF Mendelson, Sarah E. TI No Illusions: The Voices of Russia's Future Leaders SO FOREIGN AFFAIRS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Mendelson, Sarah E.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Democracy Conflict & Humanitarian Assistance, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COUNCIL FOREIGN RELAT IONS INC PI NEW YORK PA HAROLD PRATT HOUSE, 58 E 68TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10065 USA SN 0015-7120 J9 FOREIGN AFF JI Foreign Aff. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 94 IS 1 BP 150 EP 155 PG 6 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA AW4DN UT WOS:000346231600020 ER PT B AU Hrle, MS AF Hrle, Meagan Smith BE Keil, S Perry, V TI Building the Rule of Law: Judicial Reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina SO STATE-BUILDING AND DEMOCRATIZATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SE Southeast European Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hrle, Meagan Smith] OSCE Mission BiH, Judicial & Legal Reform Sect, Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herceg. [Hrle, Meagan Smith] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Hrle, Meagan Smith] UNICEF, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Hrle, Meagan Smith] Amer Univ, Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herceg. RP Hrle, MS (reprint author), Amer Univ, Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herceg. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-315-61069-6; 978-1-4724-1640-7 J9 SOUTHEAST EUR STUD PY 2015 BP 61 EP 82 PG 22 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BG2GM UT WOS:000387333000004 ER PT J AU Kendall, T Danel, I Cooper, D Dilmitis, S Kaida, A Kourtis, AP Langer, A Lapidos-Salaiz, I Lathrop, E Moran, AC Sebitloane, H Turan, JM Watts, DH Wegner, MN AF Kendall, Tamil Danel, Isabella Cooper, Diane Dilmitis, Sophie Kaida, Angela Kourtis, Athena P. Langer, Ana Lapidos-Salaiz, Ilana Lathrop, Eva Moran, Allisyn C. Sebitloane, Hannah Turan, Janet M. Watts, D. Heather Wegner, Mary Nell TI Eliminating Preventable HIV-Related Maternal Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: What Do We Need to Know? SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; maternal health; maternal mortality; research priorities; women's health; pregnancy ID INTIMATE-PARTNER VIOLENCE; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CLUSTER-RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; INFECTED PREGNANT-WOMEN; SOUTH-AFRICA; CONTRACEPTIVE UPTAKE; INCREASED RISK; CARE; HEALTH AB Introduction: HIV makes a significant contribution to maternal mortality, and women living in sub-Saharan Africa are most affected. International commitments to eliminate preventable maternal mortality and reduce HIV-related deaths among pregnant and postpartum women by 50% will not be achieved without a better understanding of the links between HIV and poor maternal health outcomes and improved health services for the care of women living with HIV (WLWH) during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. Methods: This article summarizes priorities for research and evaluation identified through consultation with 30 international researchers and policymakers with experience in maternal health and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa and a review of the published literature. Results: Priorities for improving the evidence about effective interventions to reduce maternal mortality and improve maternal health among WLWH include better quality data about causes of maternal death among WLWH, enhanced and harmonized program monitoring, and research and evaluation that contributes to improving: (1) clinical management of pregnant and postpartum WLWH, including assessment of the impact of expanded antiretroviral therapy on maternal mortality and morbidity, (2) integrated service delivery models, and (3) interventions to create an enabling social environment for women to begin and remain in care. Conclusions: As the global community evaluates progress and prepares for new maternal mortality and HIV targets, addressing the needs of WLWH must be a priority now and after 2015. Research and evaluation on maternal health and HIV can increase collaboration on these 2 global priorities, strengthen political constituencies and communities of practice, and accelerate progress toward achievement of goals in both areas. C1 [Kendall, Tamil; Langer, Ana; Wegner, Mary Nell] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Maternal Hlth Task Force, Women & Hlth Initiat,Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Danel, Isabella; Kourtis, Athena P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cooper, Diane] Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, Womens Hlth Res Unit, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Kaida, Angela] Simon Fraser Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Lapidos-Salaiz, Ilana] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Lathrop, Eva] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Atlanta, GA USA. [Moran, Allisyn C.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Sebitloane, Hannah] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Nelson R Mandela Sch Med, Durban, South Africa. [Turan, Janet M.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Care Org & Policy, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Watts, D. Heather] US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC 20520 USA. RP Kendall, T (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Maternal Hlth Task Force, Women & Hlth Initiat,Dept Global Hlth & Populat, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM tkendall@hsph.harvard.edu FU Maternal Health Task Force - Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [01065000621]; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Supported by the Maternal Health Task Force, which is supported through grant #01065000621 from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 91 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 67 SU 4 BP S250 EP S258 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CH6BM UT WOS:000354120600012 PM 25436825 ER PT J AU Schar, D Daszak, P AF Schar, Daniel Daszak, Peter TI Ebola Economics: The Case for an Upstream Approach to Disease Emergence SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Schar, Daniel] US Agcy Int Dev, Bangkok, Thailand. [Daszak, Peter] EcoHlth Alliance, New York, NY USA. RP Schar, D (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bangkok, Thailand. EM dschar@usaid.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 EI 1612-9210 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD DEC PY 2014 VL 11 IS 4 BP 451 EP 452 DI 10.1007/s10393-015-1015-6 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE5HB UT WOS:000351860800002 PM 25691141 ER PT J AU Leclerc-Madlala, SM AF Leclerc-Madlala, Suzanne M. TI Engaging anthropologists in a more systematic way would strengthen our global outbreak response SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Leclerc-Madlala, SM (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM sleclerc-madlala@usaid.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 EI 1878-3511 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 29 BP 145 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.10.012 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA AZ1UQ UT WOS:000348023600029 PM 25447722 ER PT J AU Haddad, LB Polis, CB Sheth, AN Brown, J Kourtis, AP King, C Chakraborty, R Ofotokun, I AF Haddad, Lisa B. Polis, Chelsea B. Sheth, Anandi N. Brown, Jennifer Kourtis, Athena P. King, Caroline Chakraborty, Rana Ofotokun, Igho TI Contraceptive Methods and Risk of HIV Acquisition or Female-to-Male Transmission SO CURRENT HIV/AIDS REPORTS LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; Contraception; Hormonal contraception; Transmission ID DEPOT-MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-1; LEUKOCYTE PROTEASE INHIBITOR; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; VAGINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; GENITAL-TRACT SECRETIONS; DUAL METHOD USE AB Effective family planning with modern contraception is an important intervention to prevent unintended pregnancies which also provides personal, familial, and societal benefits. Contraception is also the most cost-effective strategy to reduce the burden of mother-to-child HIV transmission for women living with HIV who wish to prevent pregnancy. There are concerns, however, that certain contraceptive methods, in particular the injectable contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), may increase a woman's risk of acquiring HIV or transmitting it to uninfected males. These concerns, if confirmed, could potentially have large public health implications. This paper briefly reviews the literature on use of contraception among women living with HIV or at high risk of HIV infection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations place no restrictions on the use of hormonal contraceptive methods by women with or at high risk of HIV infection, although a clarification recommends that, given uncertainty in the current literature, women at high risk of HIV who choose progestogen-only injectable contraceptives should be informed that it may or may not increase their risk of HIV acquisition and should also be informed about and have access to HIV preventive measures, including male or female condoms. C1 [Haddad, Lisa B.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Polis, Chelsea B.] USAID, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Sheth, Anandi N.; Ofotokun, Igho] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & Grady Healthcare Syst, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Brown, Jennifer] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Kourtis, Athena P.; King, Caroline] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chakraborty, Rana] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Haddad, LB (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Dr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM lbhadda@emory.edu RI Ofotokun, Ighovwerha/L-6545-2015; OI Ofotokun, Ighovwerha/0000-0003-2735-1903; Polis, Chelsea/0000-0002-1031-7074 FU NIH; CDC; Gilead; Bristol-Myers Squibb FX Lisa B. Haddad, Chelsea B. Polis, Anandi N. Sheth, Athena P. Kourtis, and Caroline King declare that they have no conflict of interest.; Jennifer Brown has received a grant from the NIH.; Rana Chakraborty has received a grant from the CDC and Gilead.; Igho Ofotokun has received a grant from Bristol-Myers Squibb. NR 144 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1548-3568 EI 1548-3576 J9 CURR HIV-AIDS REP JI Curr. Hiv/Aids Rep. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 11 IS 4 BP 447 EP 458 DI 10.1007/s11904-014-0236-6 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA AW4IY UT WOS:000346245800008 PM 25297973 ER PT J AU Bridges, DJ Colborn, J Chan, AST Winters, AM Dengala, D Fornadel, CM Kosloff, B AF Bridges, Daniel J. Colborn, James Chan, Adeline S. T. Winters, Anna M. Dengala, Dereje Fornadel, Christen M. Kosloff, Barry TI Perspective Piece Modular Laboratories-Cost-Effective and Sustainable Infrastructure for Resource-Limited Settings SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB High-quality laboratory space to support basic science, clinical research projects, or health services is often severely lacking in the developing world. Moreover, the construction of suitable facilities using traditional methods is time-consuming, expensive, and challenging to implement. Three real world examples showing how shipping containers can be converted into modern laboratories are highlighted. These include use as an insectary, a molecular laboratory, and a BSL-3 containment laboratory. These modular conversions have a number of advantages over brick and mortar construction and provide a cost-effective and timely solution to offer high-quality, user-friendly laboratory space applicable within the developing world. C1 [Bridges, Daniel J.; Winters, Anna M.] Akros, Cresta Golfview Grounds, Lusaka, Zambia. [Chan, Adeline S. T.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dengala, Dereje] ABT Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Fornadel, Christen M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Kosloff, Barry] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Trop Infect Dis, Dept Clin Res, London WC1, England. [Kosloff, Barry] Univ Zambia, Sch Med, ZAMBART Project, Lusaka, Zambia. RP Bridges, DJ (reprint author), Akros, Cresta Golfview Grounds, Unit 5,Gt East Rd, Lusaka, Zambia. EM dbridges@akros.com; jcolborn@cdc.gov; asc8@cdc.gov; awinters@akros.com; Dereje_Dengela@abtassoc.com; cfornadel@usaid.gov; bkosloff@zambart.org.zm FU PMI (Insectary Lab in Mali); PATH (Molecular lab in Zambia); Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BSL3 Lab in Zambia) FX We thank the various funding agencies, i.e., PMI (Insectary Lab in Mali), PATH (Molecular lab in Zambia) and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BSL3 Lab in Zambia) for enabling these designs to become a reality. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1074 EP 1078 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0054 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA AU8YL UT WOS:000345879200002 PM 25223943 ER PT J AU Sugarman, J Colvin, C Moran, AC Oxlade, O AF Sugarman, Jordan Colvin, Charlotte Moran, Allisyn C. Oxlade, Olivia TI Tuberculosis in pregnancy: an estimate of the global burden of disease SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; WOMEN; PREVENTION; CHILDREN; NETS AB Background The estimated number of maternal deaths in 2013 worldwide was 289 000, a 45% reduction from 1990. Non-obstetric causes such as infectious diseases including tuberculosis now account for 28% of maternal deaths. In 2013, 3.3 million cases of tuberculosis were estimated to occur in women globally. During pregnancy, tuberculosis is associated with poor outcomes, including increased mortality in both the neonate and the pregnant woman. The aim of our study was to estimate the burden of tuberculosis disease among pregnant women, and to describe how maternal care services could be used as a platform to improve case detection. Methods We used publicly accessible country-level estimates of the total population, distribution of the total population by age and sex, crude birth rate, estimated prevalence of active tuberculosis, and case notification data by age and sex to estimate the number of pregnant women with active tuberculosis for 217 countries. We then used indicators of health system access and tuberculosis diagnostic test performance obtained from published literature to determine how many of these cases could ultimately be detected. Findings We estimated that 216 500 (95% uncertainty range 192 100-247 000) active tuberculosis cases existed in pregnant women globally in 2011. The greatest burdens were in the WHO African region with 89 400 cases and the WHO South East Asian region with 67 500 cases in pregnant women. Chest radiography or Xpert RIF/MTB, delivered through maternal care services, were estimated to detect as many as 114 100 and 120 300 tuberculosis cases, respectively. Interpretation The burden of tuberculosis disease in pregnant women is substantial. Maternal care services could provide an important platform for tuberculosis detection, treatment initiation, and subsequent follow-up. C1 [Sugarman, Jordan; Oxlade, Olivia] McGill Univ, Resp Epidemiol & Clin Res Unit, Montreal, PQ H2X 2P4, Canada. [Sugarman, Jordan; Oxlade, Olivia] McGill Univ, McGill Int TB Ctr, Montreal, PQ H2X 2P4, Canada. [Colvin, Charlotte; Moran, Allisyn C.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Oxlade, O (reprint author), McGill Univ, Resp Epidemiol & Clin Res Unit, Montreal, PQ H2X 2P4, Canada. EM olivia.oxlade@mcgill.ca FU United States Agency for International Development FX United States Agency for International Development. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2214-109X J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH JI Lancet Glob. Health PD DEC PY 2014 VL 2 IS 12 BP E710 EP E716 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AU5SB UT WOS:000345665600019 PM 25433626 ER PT J AU Young, M Sharkey, A Aboubaker, S Kasungami, D Swedberg, E Ross, K AF Young, Mark Sharkey, Alyssa Aboubaker, Samira Kasungami, Dyness Swedberg, Eric Ross, Kerry TI The way forward for integrated community case management programmes: A summary of lessons learned to date and future priorities SO JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Young, Mark; Sharkey, Alyssa] UNICEF, Three United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA. [Aboubaker, Samira] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Kasungami, Dyness] John Snow Int, MCSP, Washington, DC USA. [Swedberg, Eric] Save Children, Fairfield, CT USA. [Ross, Kerry] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Sharkey, A (reprint author), UNICEF, Three United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA. EM asharkey@unicef.org FU World Health Organization [001] NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV EDINBURGH, GLOBAL HEALTH SOC PI EDINBURGH PA CENTRE POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCES, TEVIOT PL, EDINBURGH, EH8 9AG, ENGLAND SN 2047-2978 EI 2047-2986 J9 J GLOB HEALTH JI J. Glob. Health PD DEC PY 2014 VL 4 IS 2 BP 37 EP 42 AR 020303 DI 10.7189/jogh.04.020303 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V42SK UT WOS:000209633300004 PM 25520789 ER PT J AU Rasanathan, K Bakshi, S Rodriguez, DC Oliphant, NP Jacobs, T Brandes, N Young, M AF Rasanathan, Kumanan Bakshi, Salina Rodriguez, Daniela C. Oliphant, Nicholas P. Jacobs, Troy Brandes, Neal Young, Mark TI Where to from here? Policy and financing of integrated community case management (iCCM) of childhood illness in sub-Saharan Africa SO JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rasanathan, Kumanan; Bakshi, Salina; Oliphant, Nicholas P.; Young, Mark] UNICEF, New York, NY USA. [Rodriguez, Daniela C.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Jacobs, Troy; Brandes, Neal] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Rasanathan, K (reprint author), UNICEF, Programme Div, Hlth Sect, 3 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA. EM krasanathan@unicef.org NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV EDINBURGH, GLOBAL HEALTH SOC PI EDINBURGH PA CENTRE POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCES, TEVIOT PL, EDINBURGH, EH8 9AG, ENGLAND SN 2047-2978 EI 2047-2986 J9 J GLOB HEALTH JI J. Glob. Health PD DEC PY 2014 VL 4 IS 2 BP 43 EP 47 AR 020304 DI 10.7189/jogh.04.020304 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V42SK UT WOS:000209633300005 PM 25520790 ER PT J AU Wazny, K Sadruddin, S Zipursky, A Hamer, DH Jacobs, T Kallander, K Pagnoni, F Peterson, S Qazi, S Raharison, S Ross, K Young, M Marsh, DR AF Wazny, Kerri Sadruddin, Salim Zipursky, Alvin Hamer, Davidson H. Jacobs, Troy Kallander, Karin Pagnoni, Franco Peterson, Stefan Qazi, Shamim Raharison, Serge Ross, Kerry Young, Mark Marsh, David R. TI Setting global research priorities for integrated community case management (iCCM): Results from a CHNRI (Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative) exercise SO JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Aims To systematically identify global research gaps and resource priorities for integrated community case management (iCCM). Methods An iCCM Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) Advisory Group, in collaboration with the Community Case Management Operational Research Group (CCM ORG) identified experts to participate in a CHNRI research priority setting exercise. These experts generated and systematically ranked research questions for iCCM. Research questions were ranked using a "Research Priority Score" (RPS) and the "Average Expert Agreement" (AEA) was calculated for every question. Our groups of experts were comprised of both individuals working in Ministries of Health or Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) and individuals working in high-income countries (HICs) in academia or NGO headquarters. A Spearman's Rho was calculated to determine the correlation between the two groups' research questions' ranks. Results The overall RPS ranged from 64.58 to 89.31, with a median score of 81.43. AEA scores ranged from 0.54 to 0.86. Research questions involving increasing the uptake of iCCM services, research questions concerning the motivation, retention, training and supervision of Community Health Workers (CHWs) and concerning adding additional responsibilities including counselling for infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and treatment of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) ranked highly. There was weak to moderate, statistically significant, correlation between scores by representatives of high-income countries and those working in-country or regionally (Spearman's rho = 0.35034, P < 0.01). Conclusions Operational research to determine optimal training, supervision and modes of motivation and retention for the CHW is vital for improving iCCM, globally, as is research to motivate caregivers to take advantage of iCCM services. Experts working in-country or regionally in LMICs prioritized different research questions than those working in organization headquarters in HICs. Further exploration is needed to determine the nature of this divergence. C1 [Wazny, Kerri] Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Sadruddin, Salim; Marsh, David R.] Save Children, 501 Kings Highway East, Fairfield, CT 06825 USA. [Zipursky, Alvin] Hosp Sick Children, Programme Global Paediat Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Hamer, Davidson H.] Zambia Ctr Appl Hlth Res & Dev, Lusaka, Zambia. [Hamer, Davidson H.] Boston Univ, Ctr Global Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Hamer, Davidson H.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Jacobs, Troy] US Agcy Int Dev, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Kallander, Karin] Malaria Consortium, London, England. [Kallander, Karin] Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Stockholm, Sweden. [Kallander, Karin; Peterson, Stefan] Makerere Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. [Pagnoni, Franco] WHO, Global Malaria Programme, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Peterson, Stefan] Uppsala Univ, Int Womens & Childrens Hlth, Uppsala, Sweden. [Peterson, Stefan] Karolinska Inst, Global Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden. [Qazi, Shamim] WHO, Dept Maternal Newborn Child & Adolescent Hlth, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Raharison, Serge; Ross, Kerry] John Snow Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Raharison, Serge; Ross, Kerry] MCHIP, Washington, DC USA. [Young, Mark] United Nations Childrens Fund, Programme Div, New York, NY USA. RP Sadruddin, S (reprint author), Save Children, 501 Kings Highway East, Fairfield, CT 06825 USA. EM ssadruddin@savechildren.org FU John Snow, Inc.; [MCH-98]; [MCH-145] FX Our study group received funds from a research consortium (comprised of government and non-government agencies) to conduct this exercise and prepare and submit an article for publication (contract numbers MCH-98 and MCH-145). Funds were distributed through John Snow, Inc. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV EDINBURGH, GLOBAL HEALTH SOC PI EDINBURGH PA CENTRE POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCES, TEVIOT PL, EDINBURGH, EH8 9AG, ENGLAND SN 2047-2978 EI 2047-2986 J9 J GLOB HEALTH JI J. Glob. Health PD DEC PY 2014 VL 4 IS 2 BP 193 EP 202 AR 020413 DI 10.7189/jogh.04.020413 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V42SK UT WOS:000209633300018 PM 25520803 ER PT J AU Dokubo, EK Baddeley, A Pathmanathan, I Coggin, W Firth, J Getahun, H Kaplan, J Date, A AF Dokubo, E. Kainne Baddeley, Annabel Pathmanathan, Ishani Coggin, William Firth, Jacqueline Getahun, Haileyesus Kaplan, Jonathan Date, Anand TI Provision of Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-Positive TB Patients-19 Countries, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2009-2013 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID TUBERCULOSIS C1 [Dokubo, E. Kainne; Pathmanathan, Ishani; Kaplan, Jonathan; Date, Anand] CDC, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Baddeley, Annabel; Getahun, Haileyesus] WHO, Global TB Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. [Firth, Jacqueline] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Dokubo, EK (reprint author), CDC, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kdokubo@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION PI ATLANTA PA MAILSTOP E-90, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 28 PY 2014 VL 63 IS 47 BP 1104 EP 1107 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AU3LR UT WOS:000345515200002 PM 25426652 ER PT J AU Brown, ME Racoviteanu, AE Tarboton, DG Sen Gupta, A Nigro, J Policelli, F Habib, S Tokay, M Shrestha, MS Bajracharya, S Hummel, P Gray, M Duda, P Zaitchik, B Mahat, V Artan, G Tokar, S AF Brown, M. E. Racoviteanu, A. E. Tarboton, D. G. Sen Gupta, A. Nigro, J. Policelli, F. Habib, S. Tokay, M. Shrestha, M. S. Bajracharya, S. Hummel, P. Gray, M. Duda, P. Zaitchik, B. Mahat, V. Artan, G. Tokar, S. TI An integrated modeling system for estimating glacier and snow melt driven streamflow from remote sensing and earth system data products in the Himalayas SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Himalayas; Glacier melt; Energy balance; Stream flow ID BAND ALBEDO CONVERSION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WATER AVAILABILITY; DEBRIS THICKNESS; MASS-BALANCE; ICE; BASIN; RIVER; TEMPERATURE AB Quantification of the contribution of the hydrologic components (snow, ice and rain) to river discharge in the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region is important for decision-making in water sensitive sectors, and for water resources management and flood risk reduction. In this area, access to and monitoring of the glaciers and their melt outflow is challenging due to difficult access, thus modeling based on remote sensing offers the potential for providing information to improve water resources management and decision making. This paper describes an integrated modeling system developed using downscaled NASA satellite based and earth system data products coupled with in-situ hydrologic data to assess the contribution of snow and glaciers to the flows of the rivers in the HKH region. Snow and glacier melt was estimated using the Utah Energy Balance (UEB) model, further enhanced to accommodate glacier ice melt over clean and debris-covered tongues, then meltwater was input into the USGS Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM). The two model components were integrated into Better Assessment Science Integrating point and Nonpoint Sources modeling framework (BASINS) as a user-friendly open source system and was made available to countries in high Asia. Here we present a case study from the Langtang Khola watershed in the monsoon-influenced Nepal Himalaya, used to validate our energy balance approach and to test the applicability of our modeling system. The snow and glacier melt model predicts that for the eight years used for model evaluation (October 2003-September 2010), the total surface water input over the basin was 9.43 m, originating as 62% from glacier melt, 30% from snowmelt and 8% from rainfall. Measured streamflow for those years were 5.02 m, reflecting a runoff coefficient of 0.53. GeoSFM simulated streamflow was 5.31 m indicating reasonable correspondence between measured and model confirming the capability of the integrated system to provide a quantification of water availability. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brown, M. E.; Nigro, J.; Policelli, F.; Habib, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Racoviteanu, A. E.] Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, Paris, France. [Tarboton, D. G.; Sen Gupta, A.] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Nigro, J.; Tokay, M.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Shrestha, M. S.; Bajracharya, S.] Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Hummel, P.; Gray, M.; Duda, P.] AquaTerra Consultants, Decatur, GA USA. [Zaitchik, B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahat, V.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Artan, G.] US Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Tokar, S.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Foreign Disaster Assistance, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM molly.brown@nasa.gov RI Sen Gupta, Avirup/L-8938-2014; Brown, Molly/E-2724-2010; OI Sen Gupta, Avirup/0000-0001-5972-5186; Brown, Molly/0000-0001-7384-3314; Tarboton, David/0000-0002-1998-3479; Racoviteanu, Adina/0000-0003-4954-1871 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH08ZDA001N-DECISIONS]; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), France; Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance; Bureau for Democracy; Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance; U.S. Agency for International Development [AID-OFDA-T-11-00002] FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Applied Sciences Program through its 2008 Decision Support through Earth Science Research Results Grant Number NNH08ZDA001N-DECISIONS. A. Racoviteanu's post-doctoral studies were supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), France. This publication was made possible through partial support provided by the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance, Bureau for Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance, U.S. Agency for International Development, under the terms Award No. AID-OFDA-T-11-00002. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect views of the U.S. Agency for International Development. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 1859 EP 1869 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.050 PN B PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AX6FH UT WOS:000347018100051 ER PT J AU Koenker, H Kilian, A de Beyl, CZ Onyefunafoa, EO Selby, RA Abeku, T Fotheringham, M Lynch, M AF Koenker, Hannah Kilian, Albert de Beyl, Celine Zegers Onyefunafoa, Emmanuel O. Selby, Richmond A. Abeku, Tarekegn Fotheringham, Megan Lynch, Matthew TI What happens to lost nets: a multi-country analysis of reasons for LLIN attrition using 14 household surveys in four countries SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LASTING INSECTICIDAL NETS; TREATED-BED NETS; PHYSICAL CONDITION; UNIVERSAL COVERAGE; MOSQUITO NET; TANZANIA; ETHIOPIA; SENEGAL; REPAIR; KENYA AB Background: While significant focus has been given to net distribution, little is known about what is done with nets that leave a household, either to be used by others or when they are discarded. To better understand the magnitude of sharing LLIN between households and patterns of discarding LLIN, the present study pools data from 14 post-campaign surveys to draw larger conclusions about the fate of nets that leave households. Methods: Data from 14 sub-national post-campaign surveys conducted in Ghana, Senegal, Nigeria (10 states), and Uganda between 2009 and 2012 were pooled. Survey design and data collection methods were similar across surveys. The timing of surveys ranged from 2-16 months following their respective mass LLIN distributions. Results: Among the 14 surveys a total of 14,196 households reported owning 25,447 nets of any kind, of which 23,955 (94%) were LLINs. In addition, a total of 4,102 nets were reported to have left the households in the sample: 63% were discarded, and 34% were given away. Only 255 of the discarded nets were reported used for other purposes, representing less than 1% of the total sample of nets. The majority (62.5%) of nets given away were given to or taken by relatives, while 31.1% were given to non-relatives. Campaign nets were almost six times (OR 5.95, 4.25-8.32, p < 0.0001) more likely to be given away than non-campaign nets lost during the same period. Nets were primarily given away within the first few months after distribution. The overall rate of net redistribution was 5% of all nets. Discussion and conclusion: Intra-household re-allocation of nets does occur, but was sensitive to current household net ownership and the time elapsed since mass distribution. These factors can be addressed programmatically to further facilitate reallocation within a given community. Secondly, the overwhelming majority of nets were used for malaria prevention. Of the repurposed nets (< 1% overall), the majority were already considered too torn, indicating they had already served out their useful life for malaria prevention. National programmes and donor agencies should remain confident that overall, their investments in LLIN are being appropriately used. C1 [Koenker, Hannah; Lynch, Matthew] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kilian, Albert] Trop Hlth LLP, Montagut, Girona, Spain. [Kilian, Albert; de Beyl, Celine Zegers; Abeku, Tarekegn] Malaria Consortium, London, England. [Onyefunafoa, Emmanuel O.] Malaria Consortium, Abuja, Nigeria. [Selby, Richmond A.] Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda. [Fotheringham, Megan] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Koenker, H (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM hkoenker@jhu.edu FU DfID; NetWorks project led; Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs (JHUCCP) . In Uganda; Comic Relief UK FX We are grateful to the projects that conducted the surveys used in this analysis: for Northern Ghana, we thank the USAID/PMI Promoting Malaria Prevention and Treatment (ProMPT) project in Ghana managed by University Research Co., LLC (URC) in collaboration with Malaria Consortium and the Population Council. In Nigeria, we thank the SuNMaP project led by Malaria Consortium and funded by DfID, and the PMI-funded NetWorks project led by the Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs (JHUCCP). In Uganda, we thank the Pioneer project led by Malaria Consortium and funded by Comic Relief UK. This study was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the terms of USAID/JHU Cooperative Agreement No. GHS-A-00-09-00014-00 for the NetWorks Project. The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 13 AR 464 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-13-464 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA AU6WM UT WOS:000345742100001 PM 25430956 ER PT J AU Garcia, MC Duong, QL Mercer, LCE Meyer, SB Koppenhaver, T Ward, PR AF Garcia, Macarena C. Duong, Quyen L. Mercer, Licelot C. Eralte Meyer, Samantha B. Koppenhaver, Todd Ward, Paul R. TI Patterns and risk factors of inconsistent condom use among men who have sex with men in Viet Nam: Results from an Internet-based cross-sectional survey SO GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE unprotected anal intercourse; Viet Nam; condom use; MSM ID HIV-INFECTION AB Survey data from men who have sex with men (MSM) in Asian cities indicate drastic increases in HIV prevalence. It is unknown which factors are most important in driving these epidemics. The objective of this study was to identify patterns of condom use among MSM Internet users living in Viet Nam, as well as risk factors associated with inconsistent condom use and non-condom use. A national Internet-based survey of sexual behaviours was administered in 2011. Results showed that 44.9% of MSM reported not using a condom during their last anal sex encounter with a male partner. MSM were less likely to report condom use during anal sex with long-term partners than with casual partners. Twenty-three and a half per cent of MSM surveyed had ever taken an HIV test and received the results. Study findings highlight the urgent need for targeted strategies focused on increasing the rate of consistent condom use during anal sex with male partners among MSM in Viet Nam. C1 [Garcia, Macarena C.; Ward, Paul R.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Discipline Publ Hlth, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Meyer, Samantha B.] Univ Waterloo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Syst, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Koppenhaver, Todd] US Agcy Int Dev, Pretoria, South Africa. RP Garcia, MC (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, Discipline Publ Hlth, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. EM macarena.garcia@flinders.edu.au NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1744-1692 EI 1744-1706 J9 GLOB PUBLIC HEALTH JI Glob. Public Health PD NOV 26 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 BP 1225 EP 1238 DI 10.1080/17441692.2014.948481 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AU1KC UT WOS:000345378500008 PM 25247777 ER PT J AU Matanock, A Arwady, MA Ayscue, P Forrester, JD Gaddis, B Hunter, JC Monroe, B Pillai, SK Reed, C Schafer, IJ Massaquoi, M Dahn, B De Cock, KM AF Matanock, Almea Arwady, M. Allison Ayscue, Patrick Forrester, Joseph D. Gaddis, Bethany Hunter, Jennifer C. Monroe, Benjamin Pillai, Satish K. Reed, Christie Schafer, Ilana J. Massaquoi, Moses Dahn, Bernice De Cock, Kevin M. TI Ebola Virus Disease Cases Among Health Care Workers Not Working in Ebola Treatment Units - Liberia, June-August, 2014 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Matanock, Almea; Arwady, M. Allison; Ayscue, Patrick; Forrester, Joseph D.; Hunter, Jennifer C.] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gaddis, Bethany] US Agcy Int Dev, Monrovia, Liberia. [Monroe, Benjamin] CDC, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Pillai, Satish K.] CDC, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Reed, Christie] CDC, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Schafer, Ilana J.] CDC, Div Epidemiol Anal & Lib Serv, Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Massaquoi, Moses] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, New York, NY USA. [Dahn, Bernice] Liberian Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Monrovia, Liberia. [De Cock, Kevin M.] CDC, CDC Kenya, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Matanock, A (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM amatanock@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION PI ATLANTA PA MAILSTOP E-90, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 21 PY 2014 VL 63 IS 46 BP 1077 EP 1081 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AU3LO UT WOS:000345514900008 PM 25412067 ER PT J AU Nyenswah, T Fahnbulleh, M Ketah, F Massaquoi, M Nagbe, T Bawo, L Falla, JD Kohar, H Gasasira, A Nabeth, P Popowitz, H Yett, S Hurum, L Sailly, L Casey, S Espinosa, B Mccoy, A Feldman, H Hensley, L Baily, M Pendarvis, J Fields, B Lo, T Quin, J Aberle-Grasse, J Lindblade, K Mott, J Boulanger, L Christie, A Wang, SS Montgomery, J Mahoney, F AF Nyenswah, Tolbert Fahnbulleh, Miatta Ketah, Francis Massaquoi, Moses Nagbe, Thomas Bawo, Luke Falla, James Dorbor Kohar, Henry Gasasira, Alex Nabeth, Pierre Popowitz, Heather Yett, Sheldon Hurum, Lindis Sailly, Laurence Casey, Sean Espinosa, Benjamin McCoy, Andrea Feldman, Heinz Hensley, Lisa Baily, Mark Pendarvis, Justin Fields, Barry Lo, Terrence Quin, Jin Aberle-Grasse, John Lindblade, Kim Mott, Josh Boulanger, Lucy Christie, Athalia Wang, Susan Montgomery, Joel Mahoney, Frank TI Ebola Epidemic - Liberia, March-October 2014 (vol 63, pg 1082, 2014) SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Correction C1 [Nyenswah, Tolbert; Fahnbulleh, Miatta; Ketah, Francis; Massaquoi, Moses; Nagbe, Thomas; Bawo, Luke; Falla, James Dorbor; Kohar, Henry] Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Monrovia, Liberia. [Gasasira, Alex; Nabeth, Pierre] World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [Popowitz, Heather; Yett, Sheldon] United Nations Childrens Fund, New York, NY USA. [Hurum, Lindis; Sailly, Laurence] Medecins Sans Frontieres, Geneva, Switzerland. [Casey, Sean] Int Med Corps, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Espinosa, Benjamin; McCoy, Andrea] US Navy, Pentagon, AR USA. [Feldman, Heinz; Hensley, Lisa] Natl Inst Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Baily, Mark] US Army Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detroit, MD USA. [Pendarvis, Justin] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Fields, Barry; Lo, Terrence; Quin, Jin; Aberle-Grasse, John; Lindblade, Kim; Mott, Josh; Boulanger, Lucy; Christie, Athalia; Wang, Susan; Montgomery, Joel; Mahoney, Frank] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nyenswah, T (reprint author), Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Monrovia, Liberia. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION PI ATLANTA PA MAILSTOP E-90, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 21 PY 2014 VL 63 IS 46 BP 1094 EP 1094 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AU3LO UT WOS:000345514900012 ER PT J AU Leonard, L Diop, S Doumbia, S Sadou, A Mihigo, J Koenker, H Berthe, S Monroe, A Bertram, K Weber, R AF Leonard, Lori Diop, Samba Doumbia, Seydou Sadou, Aboubacar Mihigo, Jules Koenker, Hannah Berthe, Sara Monroe, April Bertram, Kathryn Weber, Rachel TI Net use, care and repair practices following a universal distribution campaign in Mali SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Mali; Long-lasting insecticide treated nets; Malaria; Net distribution campaign; Use; Care; Repair; Perceived value of nets ID INSECTICIDE-TREATED NETS; MOSQUITO NET; BED-NETS; WESTERN KENYA; INTRAHOUSEHOLD ALLOCATION; PHYSICAL CONDITION; DECISION-MAKING; OWNERSHIP; SENEGAL; HOUSEHOLDS AB Background: The Government of Mali and the President's Malaria Initiative conducted a long-lasting, insecticidal net (LLIN) distribution campaign in April 2011 in the Sikasso region of Mali, with the aim of universal coverage, defined as one insecticide-treated net for every two persons. This study examines how households in post-and pre-campaign regions value and care for nets. Methods: The study was conducted in October 2012 in Sikasso and Kayes in the southeast and western regions of Mali, respectively. The regions were purposively selected to allow for comparison between areas that had already had a mass distribution campaign (Sikasso) and areas that had not yet had a mass distribution campaign (Kayes). Study sites and households were randomly selected. Sleeping space questionnaires and structured interviews with household heads were conducted to obtain information on net use, perceived value of free nets in relation to other malaria prevention activities, and net care and repair practices. Results: The study included 40 households, split evenly across the two regions. Forty interviews were conducted with household heads and 151 sleeping spaces were inventoried using the sleeping space questionnaire. Nets obtained through the free distribution were reported to be highly valued in comparison to other malaria prevention strategies. Overall, net ownership and use were higher among households in areas that had already experienced a mass distribution. While participants reported using and valuing these nets, care and repair practices varied. Conclusion: National net use is high in Mali, and comparatively higher in the region covered by the universal distribution campaign than in the region not yet covered. While the Government of Mali and implementing partners have made strides to ensure high net coverage, some gaps remain related to communication messaging of correct and consistent net use throughout the year, and on improving net care and repair behaviour. By focusing on these areas as well as improved access to nets, coverage and use rates should continue to increase, contributing to improvements in malaria control. C1 [Leonard, Lori] Cornell Univ, Dept Dev Sociol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Diop, Samba; Doumbia, Seydou] Int Ctr Excellence Res, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. [Sadou, Aboubacar; Mihigo, Jules] United States Agcy Int Dev, Bamako, Mali. [Mihigo, Jules] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Koenker, Hannah; Berthe, Sara; Monroe, April; Bertram, Kathryn; Weber, Rachel] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Leonard, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Dev Sociol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ll536@cornell.edu FU USAID/PMI [GHS-A-00-09-00014-00]; National Malaria Control Programme FX This work was supported by USAID/PMI under Cooperative Agreement #GHS-A-00-09-00014-00. We are grateful to the research team and to the participants for their time, and to the National Malaria Control Programme for its support. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD NOV 18 PY 2014 VL 13 AR 435 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-13-435 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA AU6ND UT WOS:000345718700001 PM 25408158 ER PT J AU Hodgson, I Plummer, ML Konopka, SN Colvin, CJ Jonas, E Albertini, J Amzel, A Fogg, KP AF Hodgson, Ian Plummer, Mary L. Konopka, Sarah N. Colvin, Christopher J. Jonas, Edna Albertini, Jennifer Amzel, Anouk Fogg, Karen P. TI A Systematic Review of Individual and Contextual Factors Affecting ART Initiation, Adherence, and Retention for HIV-Infected Pregnant and Postpartum Women SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; COMMUNITY-HEALTH WORKERS; DOSE NEVIRAPINE REGIMEN; SOUTH-AFRICA; IMPROVE ADHERENCE; POSITIVE WOMEN; FOLLOW-UP; CAPE-TOWN AB Background: Despite progress reducing maternal mortality, HIV-related maternal deaths remain high, accounting, for example, for up to 24 percent of all pregnancy-related deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effective in improving outcomes among HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women, yet rates of initiation, adherence, and retention remain low. This systematic literature review synthesized evidence about individual and contextual factors affecting ART use among HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women. Methods: Searches were conducted for studies addressing the population (HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women), intervention (ART), and outcomes of interest (initiation, adherence, and retention). Quantitative and qualitative studies published in English since January 2008 were included. Individual and contextual enablers and barriers to ART use were extracted and organized thematically within a framework of individual, interpersonal, community, and structural categories. Results: Thirty-four studies were included in the review. Individual-level factors included both those within and outside a woman's awareness and control (e.g., commitment to child's health or age). Individual-level barriers included poor understanding of HIV, ART, and prevention of mother-to-child transmission, and difficulty managing practical demands of ART. At an interpersonal level, disclosure to a spouse and spousal involvement in treatment were associated with improved initiation, adherence, and retention. Fear of negative consequences was a barrier to disclosure. At a community level, stigma was a major barrier. Key structural barriers and enablers were related to health system use and engagement, including access to services and health worker attitudes. Conclusions: To be successful, programs seeking to expand access to and continued use of ART by integrating maternal health and HIV services must identify and address the relevant barriers and enablers in their own context that are described in this review. Further research on this population, including those who drop out of or never access health services, is needed to inform effective implementation. C1 [Konopka, Sarah N.; Jonas, Edna] Ctr Hlth Serv Management Sci Hlth, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Colvin, Christopher J.] Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, CIDER, Div Social & Behav Sci, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Albertini, Jennifer] USAID, Africa Bur, Washington, DC USA. [Amzel, Anouk] USAID, Bur Global Hlth, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC USA. [Fogg, Karen P.] USAID, BGH, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Washington, DC USA. RP Konopka, SN (reprint author), Ctr Hlth Serv Management Sci Hlth, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM skonopka@msh.org FU Africa Bureau of USAID FX This review was supported by funding from the Africa Bureau of USAID. Three coauthors on the paper are from USAID. They played a role in designing the review questions and methods, and contributed to revisions of the manuscript. They were not involved in data collection and analysis or drafting of the initial manuscript. NR 78 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 5 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 11 AR e111421 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0111421 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AS9IQ UT WOS:000344556900047 PM 25372479 ER PT J AU Kerridge, BT Castor, D Tran, P Barnhart, M Pickering, R AF Kerridge, Bradley T. Castor, Delivette Tran, Phu Barnhart, Matthew Pickering, Roger TI Association between intoxication at last sexual intercourse and unprotected sex among men and women in Uganda SO JOURNAL OF INFECTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES LA English DT Article DE Intoxication; alcohol; unprotected sex; Africa; HIV; gender differences ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; ALCOHOL-USE; SOUTH-AFRICA; CONDOM USE; RISK-FACTORS; HIV; HIV/AIDS; INTERVENTIONS; INDIVIDUALS; PREVENTION AB Introduction: This study examined the association between intoxication at last sexual intercourse and unprotected sex using data derived from a nationally representative survey conducted in Uganda in 2011. Methodology: Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the intoxication-unprotected sex association separately among men and women, adjusted for sociodemographic and behavioral covariates that were also examined as moderators of the association. Results: Among men, intoxication at last sexual intercourse was almost entirely attributed to their own drinking, while women most frequently reported intoxication among their partners only. Among women, there was a significant association between their partner's intoxication and unprotected sex (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-1.73. Intoxication was associated with unprotected sex among unmarried men (AOR = 2.09; 95%; CI = 1.45-2.84), an association not observed among married men. Conclusions: The results suggest that the alcohol-unprotected sex link should be incorporated within Ugandan National HIV Prevention Strategy. These interventions should be designed to target unmarried men. Programs that combine alcohol reduction and address structural factors that constrain women's ability to negotiate condom use are also needed. C1 [Kerridge, Bradley T.] Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Castor, Delivette; Barnhart, Matthew] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Tran, Phu] St Georges Univ, SGU Caribbean Med Sch, True Blue, Grenada. [Pickering, Roger] NIAAA, Lab Epidemiol & Biometry, Intramural Div Clin & Biol Res, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Kerridge, BT (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM bradleykerridge@gmail.com OI Kerridge, Bradley/0000-0003-0459-9439 FU USAID Global Health Fellows II Program [OAA-A-11-00025]; National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health [5F32DA0364431]; NIAAA, National Institutes of Health FX The authors would like to give special thanks to Billy Pick and Noah Bartlett at the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) for their insights and support in conceptualizing this manuscript. This research was supported through the USAID Global Health Fellows II Program (OAA-A-11-00025), and also by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health (5F32DA0364431: Dr. Kerridge). Support also gratefully acknowledged from the Intramural Program, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health (Mr. Pickering). NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU J INFECTION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES PI TRAMANIGLIO PA JIDC CENT OFF PORTO CONTE RICERCHE RES CTR, S P 55, PORTO CONTE CAPO CACCIA KM 8.400 LOC, TRAMANIGLIO, 07041, ITALY SN 1972-2680 J9 J INFECT DEV COUNTR JI J. Infect. Dev. Ctries. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1461 EP 1469 DI 10.3855/jidc.4832 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA AY5OF UT WOS:000347621000013 PM 25390059 ER PT J AU Bowman, JE AF Bowman, J. E. TI Funding opportunities for agricultural research at USAID SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT APS-CPS Joint Meeting CY AUG 09-13, 2014 CL Minneapolis, MN SP APS, CPS C1 [Bowman, J. E.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2014 VL 104 IS 11 SU 3 BP 157 EP 157 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AW5GG UT WOS:000346303301099 ER PT J AU Cohen, CK AF Cohen, C. K. TI USAID fellowship programs SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT APS-CPS Joint Meeting CY AUG 09-13, 2014 CL Minneapolis, MN SP APS, CPS C1 [Cohen, C. K.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2014 VL 104 IS 11 SU 3 BP 157 EP 157 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AW5GG UT WOS:000346303301101 ER PT J AU Fosler, S Ink, D AF Fosler, Scott Ink, Dwight TI A Remembrance of Luther Gulick SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Fosler, Scott] Univ Maryland, Sch Publ Policy, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ink, Dwight] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Ink, Dwight] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Ink, Dwight] ASPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Fosler, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Publ Policy, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM scottfosler@aol.com; dwightink@aol.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0033-3352 EI 1540-6210 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 74 IS 6 BP 691 EP 692 DI 10.1111/puar.12257 PG 2 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA AT0GH UT WOS:000344614600003 ER PT J AU Manrique, A Adams, E Barouch, DH Fast, P Graham, BS Kim, JH Kublin, JG McCluskey, M Pantaleo, G Robinson, HL Russell, N Snow, W Johnston, MI AF Manrique, Amapola Adams, Elizabeth Barouch, Dan H. Fast, Pat Graham, Barney S. Kim, Jerome H. Kublin, James G. McCluskey, Margaret Pantaleo, Giuseppe Robinson, Harriet L. Russell, Nina Snow, William Johnston, Margaret I. TI The Immune Space: A Concept and Template for Rationalizing Vaccine Development SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; B-CELL RECEPTORS; HIV-1; OPTIMIZATION; DESIGN; TRIAL; ASSAY AB Empirical testing of candidate vaccines has led to the successful development of a number of lifesaving vaccines. The advent of new tools to manipulate antigens and new methods and vectors for vaccine delivery has led to a veritable explosion of potential vaccine designs. As a result, selection of candidate vaccines suitable for large-scale efficacy testing has become more challenging. This is especially true for diseases such as dengue, HIV, and tuberculosis where there is no validated animal model or correlate of immune protection. Establishing guidelines for the selection of vaccine candidates for advanced testing has become a necessity. A number of factors could be considered in making these decisions, including, for example, safety in animal and human studies, immune profile, protection in animal studies, production processes with product quality and stability, availability of resources, and estimated cost of goods. The "immune space template" proposed here provides a standardized approach by which the quality, level, and durability of immune responses elicited in early human trials by a candidate vaccine can be described. The immune response profile will demonstrate if and how the candidate is unique relative to other candidates, especially those that have preceded it into efficacy testing and, thus, what new information concerning potential immune correlates could be learned from an efficacy trial. A thorough characterization of immune responses should also provide insight into a developer's rationale for the vaccine's proposed mechanism of action. HIV vaccine researchers plan to include this general approach in up-selecting candidates for the next large efficacy trial. This "immune space" approach may also be applicable to other vaccine development endeavors where correlates of vaccine-induced immune protection remain unknown. C1 [Manrique, Amapola; Snow, William] Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise, New York, NY 10004 USA. [Adams, Elizabeth] NIAID, Div Aids, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Barouch, Dan H.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Ctr Virol & Vaccine Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Fast, Pat] Int AIDS Vaccine Initiat, New York, NY USA. [Graham, Barney S.] NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kim, Jerome H.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kublin, James G.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Kublin, James G.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Vaccine & Infect Dis Inst, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [McCluskey, Margaret] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Pantaleo, Giuseppe] Univ Lausanne, Div Immunol & Allergy, Univ Lausanne Hosp, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Robinson, Harriet L.] GeoVax Inc, Smyrna, GA USA. [Russell, Nina; Johnston, Margaret I.] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. RP Manrique, A (reprint author), Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise, 64 Beaver St,352, New York, NY 10004 USA. EM amanrique@vaccineenterprise.org RI Pantaleo, Giuseppe/K-6163-2016 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 EI 1931-8405 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1017 EP 1022 DI 10.1089/aid.2014.0040 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA AR7OY UT WOS:000343770300001 PM 24857015 ER PT J AU Ballif, M Nhandu, V Wood, R Dusingize, JC Carter, EJ Cortes, CP McGowan, CC Diero, L Graber, C Renner, L Hawerlander, D Kiertiburanakul, S Du, QT Sterling, TR Egger, M Fenner, L AF Ballif, M. Nhandu, V. Wood, R. Dusingize, J. C. Carter, E. J. Cortes, C. P. McGowan, C. C. Diero, L. Graber, C. Renner, L. Hawerlander, D. Kiertiburanakul, S. Du, Q. T. Sterling, T. R. Egger, M. Fenner, L. CA IeDEA TI Detection and management of drug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients in lower-income countries SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE MDR-TB; ART programs; Africa; Asia; Latin America ID IMPLEMENTATION; DIAGNOSTICS; TIME AB SETTING: Drug resistance threatens tuberculosis (TB) control, particularly among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected persons. OBJECTIVE: To describe practices in the prevention and management of drug-resistant TB under antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs in lower-income countries. DESIGN: We used online questionnaires to collect program-level data on 47 ART programs in Southern Africa (n=14), East Africa (n=8), West Africa (n=7), Central Africa (n=5), Latin America (n=7) and the Asia-Pacific (n=6 programs) in 2012. Patient-level data were collected on 1002 adult TB patients seen at 40 of the participating ART programs. RESULTS: Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) was available in 36 (77%) ART programs, but was only used for 22% of all TB patients. Molecular DST was available in 33 (70%) programs and was used in 23% of all TB patients. Twenty ART programs (43%) provided directly observed therapy (DOT) during the entire course of treatment, 16 (34%) during the intensive phase only, and 11(23%) did not follow DOT. Fourteen (30%) ART programs reported no access to second-line anti-tuberculosis regimens; 18 (38%) reported TB drug shortages. CONCLUSIONS: Capacity to diagnose and treat drug-resistant TB was limited across ART programs in lower-income countries. DOT was not always implemented and drug supplies were regularly interrupted, which may contribute to the global emergence of drug resistance. C1 [Ballif, M.; Graber, C.; Egger, M.] Univ Bern, Inst Social & Prevent Med, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Nhandu, V.] Ctr Infect Dis Res Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia. [Wood, R.] Univ Cape Town, Desmond Tutu HIV Ctr, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Dusingize, J. C.] Womens Equ Access Care & Treatment, Kigali, Rwanda. [Carter, E. J.] US Agcy Int Dev Acad Model Providing Access Healt, Eldoret, Kenya. [Cortes, C. P.] Univ Chile, Sch Med, Santiago, Chile. [McGowan, C. C.; Sterling, T. R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Renner, L.] Univ Ghana, Sch Med, Accra, Ghana. [Hawerlander, D.] Ctr Integre Rech Bioclin, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Kiertiburanakul, S.] Mahidol Univ, Ramathibodi Hosp, Fac Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Du, Q. T.] Childrens Hosp, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. [Fenner, L.] Univ Basel, Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Basel, Switzerland. RP Ballif, M (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Social & Prevent Med, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM mballif@ispm.unibe.ch RI Leroy, Valeriane/F-8129-2013; Wejse, Christian/C-8468-2014; OI Leroy, Valeriane/0000-0003-3542-8616; Wejse, Christian/0000-0002-2534-2942; Reid, Stewart/0000-0001-7779-4820; Cortes, Claudia P./0000-0001-9101-9783; Prozesky, Hans/0000-0001-9715-3449; Eugen-Olsen, jesper/0000-0002-4630-4275; Hoffmann, Christopher/0000-0002-9422-0519 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD, USA) [U01AI069924, U01AI069907, U01A096299, U01AI069911, U01AI069923, U01AI069919] FX Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD, USA) under Award Number Southern Africa: U01AI069924, Asia: U01AI069907, Central Africa: U01A096299, East Africa: U01AI069911, Caribbean, Central and South America: U01AI069923 and West Africa: U01AI069919. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the Official views of the National Institutes of Health. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 EI 1815-7920 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1327 EP 1336 DI 10.5588/ijtld.14.0106 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA AR4AK UT WOS:000343530200013 PM 25299866 ER PT J AU El Arifeen, S Hill, K Ahsan, KZ Jamil, K Nahar, Q Streatfield, PK AF El Arifeen, Shams Hill, Kenneth Ahsan, Karar Zunaid Jamil, Kanta Nahar, Quamrun Streatfield, Peter Kim TI Maternal mortality in Bangladesh: a Countdown to 2015 country case study SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID DECLINE; MATLAB AB Background Bangladesh is one of the only nine Countdown countries that are on track to achieve the primary target of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5 by 2015. It is also the only low-income or middle-income country with two large, nationally-representative, high-quality household surveys focused on the measurement of maternal mortality and service use. Methods We use data from the 2001 and 2010 Bangladesh Maternal Mortality Surveys to measure change in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and from these and six Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys to measure changes in factors potentially related to such change. We estimate the changes in risk of maternal death between the two surveys using Poisson regression. Findings The MMR fell from 322 deaths per 100 000 livebirths (95% CI 253-391) in 1998-2001 to 194 deaths per 100 000 livebirths (149-238) in 2007-10, an annual rate of decrease of 5.6%. This decrease rate is slightly higher than that required (5.5%) to achieve the MDG target between 1990 and 2015. The key contribution to this decrease was a drop in mortality risk mainly due to improved access to and use of health facilities. Additionally, a number of favourable changes occurred during this period: fertility decreased and the proportion of births associated with high risk to the mother fell; income per head increased sharply and the poverty rate fell; and the education levels of women of reproductive age improved substantially. We estimate that 52% of maternal deaths that would have occurred in 2010 in view of 2001 rates were averted because of decreases in fertility and risk of maternal death. Interpretation The decrease in MMR in Bangladesh seems to have been the result of factors both within and outside the health sector. This finding holds important lessons for other countries as the world discusses and decides on the post-MDG goals and strategies. For Bangladesh, this case study provides a strong rationale for the pursuit of a broader developmental agenda alongside increased and accelerated investments in improving access to and quality of public and private health-care facilities providing maternal health in Bangladesh. C1 [El Arifeen, Shams; Nahar, Quamrun; Streatfield, Peter Kim] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Hill, Kenneth] Harvard Ctr Populat & Dev Studies, Cambridge, MA USA. [Ahsan, Karar Zunaid] Univ N Carolina, MEASURE Evaluat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Jamil, Kanta] USAID, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP El Arifeen, S (reprint author), ICDDR B, Ctr Children & Adolescent Hlth, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. EM shams@icddrb.org FU United States Agency for International Development; UK Department for International Development; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX United States Agency for International Development, UK Department for International Development, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 11 PY 2014 VL 384 IS 9951 BP 1366 EP 1374 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60955-7 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AQ7NH UT WOS:000343004000026 PM 24990814 ER PT J AU Colvin, CJ Konopka, S Chalker, JC Jonas, E Albertini, J Amzel, A Fogg, K AF Colvin, Christopher J. Konopka, Sarah Chalker, John C. Jonas, Edna Albertini, Jennifer Amzel, Anouk Fogg, Karen TI A Systematic Review of Health System Barriers and Enablers for Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) for HIV-Infected Pregnant and Postpartum Women SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-DOSE NEVIRAPINE; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; SOUTH-AFRICA; SAHARAN AFRICA; FOLLOW-UP; ADDIS-ABABA; CAPE-TOWN; PREVENTION; ADHERENCE; PROGRAM AB Background: Despite global progress in the fight to reduce maternal mortality, HIV-related maternal deaths remain persistently high, particularly in much of Africa. Lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) appears to be the most effective way to prevent these deaths, but the rates of three key outcomes-ART initiation, retention in care, and long-term ART adherence-remain low. This systematic review synthesized evidence on health systems factors affecting these outcomes in pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV. Methods: Searches were conducted for studies addressing the population of interest (HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women), the intervention of interest (ART), and the outcomes of interest (initiation, adherence, and retention). Quantitative and qualitative studies published in English since January 2008 were included. A four-stage narrative synthesis design was used to analyze findings. Review findings from 42 included studies were categorized according to five themes: 1) models of care, 2) service delivery, 3) resource constraints and governance challenges, 4) patient-health system engagement, and 5) maternal ART interventions. Results: Low prioritization of maternal ART and persistent dropout along the maternal ART cascade were key findings. Service delivery barriers included poor communication and coordination among health system actors, poor clinical practices, and gaps in provider training. The few studies that assessed maternal ART interventions demonstrated the importance of multi-pronged, multi-leveled interventions. Conclusions: There has been a lack of emphasis on the experiences, needs and vulnerabilities particular to HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women. Supporting these women to successfully traverse the maternal ART cascade requires carefully designed and targeted interventions throughout the steps. Careful design of integrated service delivery models is of critical importance in this effort. Key knowledge gaps and research priorities were also identified, including definitions and indicators of adherence rates, and the importance of cumulative measures of dropout along the maternal ART cascade. C1 [Colvin, Christopher J.] Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, Div Social & Behav Sci, Ctr Infect Dis Epidemiol & Res, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Konopka, Sarah; Jonas, Edna] Management Sci Hlth, Ctr Hlth Serv, Arlington, VA USA. [Chalker, John C.] Management Sci Hlth, Ctr Pharmaceut Management, Arlington, VA USA. [Albertini, Jennifer] US Agcy Int Dev, Africa Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Amzel, Anouk] USAID, Bur Global Hlth, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC USA. [Fogg, Karen] USAID, BGH, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Washington, DC USA. RP Colvin, CJ (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, Div Social & Behav Sci, Ctr Infect Dis Epidemiol & Res, Med Sch Campus, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. EM cj.colvin@uct.ac.za FU Africa Bureau of USAID FX This review was supported by funding from the Africa Bureau of USAID. Three co-authors on the paper are from USAID. They played a role in designing the review questions and methods, and contributed to revisions of the manuscript. They were not involved in data collection and analysis or drafting of the initial manuscript. NR 65 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 10 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 AR e108150 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0108150 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AR6ZS UT WOS:000343730400008 PM 25303241 ER PT J AU Naimoli, JF Frymus, DE Wuliji, T Franco, LM Newsome, MH AF Naimoli, Joseph F. Frymus, Diana E. Wuliji, Tana Franco, Lynne M. Newsome, Martha H. TI A Community Health Worker "logic model": towards a theory of enhanced performance in low- and middle-income countries SO HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Causal thinking; Community health workers; Logic model; Performance; Policy; Programming ID INTERVENTIONS; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; CAPACITY; SYSTEMS; TOOL AB Background: There has been a resurgence of interest in national Community Health Worker (CHW) programs in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). A lack of strong research evidence persists, however, about the most efficient and effective strategies to ensure optimal, sustained performance of CHWs at scale. To facilitate learning and research to address this knowledge gap, the authors developed a generic CHW logic model that proposes a theoretical causal pathway to improved performance. The logic model draws upon available research and expert knowledge on CHWs in LMICs. Methods: Construction of the model entailed a multi-stage, inductive, two-year process. It began with the planning and implementation of a structured review of the existing research on community and health system support for enhanced CHW performance. It continued with a facilitated discussion of review findings with experts during a two-day consultation. The process culminated with the authors' review of consultation-generated documentation, additional analysis, and production of multiple iterations of the model. Results: The generic CHW logic model posits that optimal CHW performance is a function of high quality CHW programming, which is reinforced, sustained, and brought to scale by robust, high-performing health and community systems, both of which mobilize inputs and put in place processes needed to fully achieve performance objectives. Multiple contextual factors can influence CHW programming, system functioning, and CHW performance. Conclusions: The model is a novel contribution to current thinking about CHWs. It places CHW performance at the center of the discussion about CHW programming, recognizes the strengths and limitations of discrete, targeted programs, and is comprehensive, reflecting the current state of both scientific and tacit knowledge about support for improving CHW performance. The model is also a practical tool that offers guidance for continuous learning about what works. Despite the model's limitations and several challenges in translating the potential for learning into tangible learning, the CHW generic logic model provides a solid basis for exploring and testing a causal pathway to improved performance. C1 [Naimoli, Joseph F.; Frymus, Diana E.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Wuliji, Tana] Univ Res Co LLC, Bethesda, MD USA. [Franco, Lynne M.] EnCompass LLC, Rockville, MD USA. [Newsome, Martha H.] World Vis Int, Washington, DC USA. RP Naimoli, JF (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jnaimoli@usaid.gov NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1478-4491 J9 HUM RESOUR HEALTH JI Hum. Resour. Health PD OCT 2 PY 2014 VL 12 AR 56 DI 10.1186/1478-4491-12-56 PG 16 WC Health Policy & Services; Industrial Relations & Labor SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Business & Economics GA AR0JV UT WOS:000343259100001 PM 25278012 ER PT J AU Goffe, WL Kauper, D AF Goffe, William L. Kauper, David TI A Survey of Principles Instructors: Why Lecture Prevails SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE teaching methods; undergraduate economics ID UNDERGRADUATE ECONOMICS COURSES; TEACHING-METHODS; GRADUATE-STUDENTS; NATIONAL-SURVEY; CHALK; TALK; MATHEMATICS; SCIENCE; TIME AB For many years, surveys have shown that lecture is the dominant method for teaching principles of economics (Watts and Schaur 2011; Watts and Becker 2008; Becker and Watts 1996, 2001a, b). The authors confirm this and augment it by asking why principles instructors teach the way they do. The respondents, 340 principles instructors at the 2012 Allied Social Science Associations (ASSA) conference, group into thirds: one-third saying that students learn best from lecture; another third reporting that students do not learn best from lecture, but it is cost-effective; and the rest answering that students do not learn best from lecture, so alternatives are preferred. Lecture advocates often cite the inputs and costs of teaching while advocates of alternatives often cite student outcomes. C1 [Goffe, William L.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kauper, David] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Goffe, WL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM bill.goffe@psu.edu; dkauper@usaid.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0022-0485 EI 2152-4068 J9 J ECON EDUC JI J. Econ. Educ. PD OCT 2 PY 2014 VL 45 IS 4 BP 360 EP 375 DI 10.1080/00220485.2014.946547 PG 16 WC Economics; Education & Educational Research SC Business & Economics; Education & Educational Research GA AQ5IT UT WOS:000342842100006 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, M Pieterson, I Johnson, C Paula, N Hulsman, M AF Rosenthal, Matthew Pieterson, Ismelda Johnson, Cheryl Paula, Nersesian Hulsman, Mechtild TI Assessment of Namibian Pharmacy Practices of the Sale of Over-the-Counter HIV Rapid Test Kits in the Private-sector SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Symposium on HIV Research for Prevention (HIV R4P) CY OCT 28-31, 2014 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA C1 [Rosenthal, Matthew] USAID Namibia, HIV Off, Windhoek, Namibia. [Pieterson, Ismelda] Govt Namibia, Minist Hlth & Social Serv, Windhoek, Namibia. [Johnson, Cheryl] WHO, HIV Testing & Counseling, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Paula, Nersesian] John Snow Int, AIDSTAR, HIV, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 EI 1931-8405 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 30 SU 1 MA P09.15 LB BP A115 EP A116 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA AT2OO UT WOS:000344774401095 ER PT J AU Woodsong, C Musara, P Chandipwisa, A Montgomery, E Alleman, P Chirenje, ZM Chipato, T Martinson, F Hoffman, I AF Woodsong, Cynthia Musara, Petina Chandipwisa, Adlight Montgomery, Elizabeth Alleman, Patty Chirenje, Zvavahera Mike Chipato, Tsungai Martinson, Francis Hoffman, Irving TI Multipurpose Prevention of HIV and Pregnancy: Perspectives of Users, Providers and Community Advisors in Zimbabwe and Malawi SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Symposium on HIV Research for Prevention (HIV R4P) CY OCT 28-31, 2014 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA C1 [Woodsong, Cynthia] Int Partnership Microbicides, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Musara, Petina; Chandipwisa, Adlight; Chirenje, Zvavahera Mike; Chipato, Tsungai] UZ UCSF Collaborat Res Programme, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Montgomery, Elizabeth] RTI Int, Womens Global Hlth Imperat, San Francisco, CA USA. [Alleman, Patty] USAID, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Martinson, Francis] UNC Project, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Hoffman, Irving] UNC, UNC Hosp, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 EI 1931-8405 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 30 SU 1 MA P14.10 BP A141 EP A141 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA AT2OO UT WOS:000344774401162 ER PT J AU Li, TT Bogle, SN Abelson, JR AF Li, Tian T. Bogle, Stephanie N. Abelson, John R. TI Quantitative Fluctuation Electron Microscopy in the STEM: Methods to Identify, Avoid, and Correct for Artifacts SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE quantitative analysis; artifact correction; fluctuation electron microscopy; coherence; amorphous; medium-range order; scanning transmission electron microscopy ID IMPLANTED AMORPHOUS-SILICON; MEDIUM-RANGE ORDER; NANOSCALE ORDER; DISORDERED MATERIALS; STRUCTURAL ORDER; COHERENCE; CRYSTALLIZATION; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; TEM AB Fluctuation electron microscopy can reveal the nanoscale order in amorphous materials via the statistical variance in the scattering intensity as a function of position, scattering vector, and resolution. However, several sources of experimental artifacts can seriously affect the magnitude of the variance peaks. The use of a scanning transmission electron microscope for data collection affords a convenient means to check whether artifacts are present. As nanodiffraction patterns are collected in serial, any spatial or temporal dependence of the scattering intensity across the series can easily be detected. We present examples of the major types of artifact and methods to correct the data or to avoid the problem experimentally. We also re-cast the statistical formalism used to identify sources of noise in view of the present results. The present work provides a basis on which to perform fluctuation electron microscopy with a high level of reliability and confidence in the quantitative magnitude of the data. C1 [Li, Tian T.; Bogle, Stephanie N.; Abelson, John R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Li, Tian T.; Bogle, Stephanie N.; Abelson, John R.] Univ Illinois, Coordinated Sci Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bogle, Stephanie N.] US Agcy Int Dev, Global Climate Change Off, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Abelson, JR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM abelson@illinois.edu OI Li, Tian/0000-0003-2409-5799 FU National Science Foundation [DMR 06-05890, DMR 10-05919]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46453, DE-FG02-07ER46471]; U. Chicago Argonne, LLC [DE-AC0206CH11357] FX We are grateful to the National Science Foundation for support of this work under Grants DMR 06-05890 and DMR 10-05919. We thank Professor Jian-Min Zuo of the University of Illinois for the use of the ZMULT code. The STEM technique development and analysis were carried out in part in the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory Central Facilities, University of Illinois, which are partially supported by the US Department of Energy under grants DE-FG02-07ER46453 and DE-FG02-07ER46471. A portion of the electron microscopy was carried out at the Electron Microscopy Center at Argonne National Laboratory, a US Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory operated under Contract No. DE-AC0206CH11357 by U. Chicago Argonne, LLC. We thank Dr. Tao Sun and Dr. Nestor Zaluzec for their help on microscope operation at ANL. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the positions of their institutions. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1605 EP 1618 DI 10.1017/S1431927614012756 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA AU6WT UT WOS:000345742900034 PM 25033350 ER PT J AU Holt, BY Romano, J Manning, J Hemmerling, A Shields, W Vyda, L Lusti-Narasimhan, M AF Holt, B. Young Romano, J. Manning, J. Hemmerling, A. Shields, W. Vyda, L. Lusti-Narasimhan, M. TI Ensuring successful development and introduction of multipurpose prevention technologies through an innovative partnership approach SO BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE collective impact; combination prevention; contraception; HIV prevention; multipurpose prevention technologies; sexual and reproductive health; STI prevention; STD prevention; pregnancy prevention; birth control ID TARGET PRODUCT PROFILE; INSIGHTS C1 [Holt, B. Young] CAMI Hlth Publ Hlth Inst, Folsom, CA 95630 USA. [Romano, J.] NWJ Grp, Wayne, PA USA. [Manning, J.] USAID, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Hemmerling, A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Shields, W.] Assoc Reprod Hlth Profess, Washington, DC USA. [Vyda, L.] Spark Act Consulting, Oakland, CA USA. [Lusti-Narasimhan, M.] WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Holt, BY (reprint author), CAMI Hlth Publ Hlth Inst, Folsom, CA 95630 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1470-0328 EI 1471-0528 J9 BJOG-INT J OBSTET GY JI BJOG PD OCT PY 2014 VL 121 SU 5 SI SI BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1111/1471-0528.12911 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA AS6WE UT WOS:000344399300002 ER PT J AU Manning, J Brown, G Vogelsong, K Kildebeck, M Zwerski, S Blithe, D AF Manning, J. Brown, G. Vogelsong, K. Kildebeck, M. Zwerski, S. Blithe, D. TI Challenges and opportunities in funding the development and introduction of multipurpose prevention technologies SO BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Manning, J.] US Agcy Int Dev, Div Res, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Brown, G.] NIH, Off AIDS Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Vogelsong, K.] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Global Dev Program, Family Planning Div, Seattle, WA USA. [Kildebeck, M.] Mary Wohlford Fdn, San Francisco, CA USA. [Zwerski, S.] NIAID, Div Aids, Prevent Sci Program, Bethesda, MD USA. [Blithe, D.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Contracept Discovery & Dev Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Manning, J (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Div Res, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jmanning@usaid.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1470-0328 EI 1471-0528 J9 BJOG-INT J OBSTET GY JI BJOG PD OCT PY 2014 VL 121 SU 5 SI SI BP 12 EP 14 DI 10.1111/1471-0528.13024 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA AS6WE UT WOS:000344399300004 PM 25335834 ER PT J AU Woodsong, C Musara, P Chandipwisa, A Montgomery, E Alleman, P Chirenje, M Chipato, T Martinson, F Hoffman, I AF Woodsong, C. Musara, P. Chandipwisa, A. Montgomery, E. Alleman, P. Chirenje, M. Chipato, T. Martinson, F. Hoffman, I. TI Interest in multipurpose prevention of HIV and pregnancy: perspectives of women, men, health professionals and community stakeholders in two vaginal gel studies in southern Africa SO BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; microbicides; multipurpose prevention technologies ID MICROBICIDE CLINICAL-TRIAL; TOPICAL MICROBICIDES; SEXUAL PLEASURE; FEMALE CONDOM; COVERT USE; ACCEPTABILITY; ZIMBABWE; ADHERENCE; SAFETY; TECHNOLOGIES AB ObjectiveThe pipeline of vaginal microbicides for HIV prevention has expanded to include products for multipurpose prevention, but the interests of potential users and those advising on use have not been sufficiently investigated. Rather, assumptions about interest in multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) are inferred from what is known about acceptability and use of microbicides or contraceptives. Design and settingThis paper presents data on concerns and preferences for multipurpose prevention of HIV and pregnancy. Data were collected in two microbicide gel studies in Malawi and Zimbabwe. Participants were women using candidate vaginal products, their male partners, health professionals and community stakeholders. MethodsAn individual interview was conducted with participants. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded for content and analysed for key themes. ResultsParticipants indicated strong interest in a vaginal HIV prevention product that could also prevent pregnancy. Reasons for this interest were convenience, problems with adverse effects with current contraceptive methods, concerns about long-term effects of contraceptives, and concerns about the health burdens of HIV infection during pregnancy. The main disadvantage of an MPT was recognition that while interest in preventing HIV is constant, contraceptive needs change over time. ConclusionThe study population indicated support for an MPT to prevent HIV and pregnancy. This support may be further strengthened if the product is also available for prevention of only HIV. Women and men will be more willing to use an MPT if they can be reassured that its use will have no long-term effect on fertility. C1 [Woodsong, C.] Int Partnership Microbicides, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Musara, P.; Chandipwisa, A.; Chirenje, M.; Chipato, T.] UZ UCSF Collaborat Res Programme, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Montgomery, E.] RTI Int, San Francisco, CA USA. [Alleman, P.] USAID, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Martinson, F.] Univ North Carolina Project, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Hoffman, I.] Univ N Carolina, UNC Hosp, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Woodsong, C (reprint author), Int Partnership Microbicides, 8401 Colesville Rd,Ste 200, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM cwoodsong@ipmglobal.org FU National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) [R01HD048330]; International Partnership for Microbicides FX Funding support for the HPTN 035A study was provided by the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) grant R01HD048330, although the views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of NICHD. Funding for the Duet study was provided by the International Partnership for Microbicides; the Duet products were provided by ReProtect, Inc. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1470-0328 EI 1471-0528 J9 BJOG-INT J OBSTET GY JI BJOG PD OCT PY 2014 VL 121 SU 5 SI SI BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1111/1471-0528.12875 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA AS6WE UT WOS:000344399300010 PM 25335840 ER PT J AU McPherson, DB Balisanga, HN Mbabazi, JK AF McPherson, Dacia B. Balisanga, Helene N. Mbabazi, Jennifer K. TI Bridging the accountability divide: male circumcision planning in Rwanda as a case study in how to merge divergent operational planning approaches SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Decision-making; health planning; evidence-based policy; developing countries; aid; prevention; HIV AB When voluntary medical male circumcision (MC) was confirmed as an effective tool for HIV prevention in sub-Saharan Africa in 2007, many public health policy makers and practitioners were eager to implement the intervention. How to roll out the tool as part of comprehensive strategy however was less clear. At the time, very little was known about the capacity of health systems to scale delivery of the new intervention. Today, nearly all countries prioritized for the intervention are far behind their targets. To contribute to the discourse on why this is, we develop a historical analysis of medical MC planning in sub-Saharan Africa using our own experience of this process in Rwanda. We compare our previously unpublished feasibility analysis from 2008 with international research published in 2009, which suggested how Rwanda could reduce HIV incidence through a rapid MC intervention, and Rwanda's eventual 2010 official operational plan. We trace how, in the face of uncertainty, operational plans avoided discussing the details of feasibility and focused instead on defining optimal circumcision capacity needed to achieve country level target reductions in HIV incidence. We show a distinct gap between the targets set in the official operational plan and what we determined was feasible in 2008. With actual data from the ground now available, we show our old feasibility models more closely approximate circumcision delivery rates to date. With an eye toward the future of long-term policy planning, we discuss the mechanics of how accountability gaps like this occur in global health policy making and how practitioners can better create achievable operational targets. C1 [McPherson, Dacia B.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Balisanga, Helene N.] Rwanda Biomed Ctr, Inst HIV AIDS Dis Prevent & Control, Kigali, Rwanda. [Mbabazi, Jennifer K.] US Agcy Int Dev USAID Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda. RP McPherson, DB (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM dacia.mcpherson@gmail.com FU Mailman School of Public Health; School of Public and International Affairs at Columbia University FX This study was made possible in part by student travel grants from both the Mailman School of Public Health and the School of Public and International Affairs at Columbia University. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1080 EI 1460-2237 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 29 IS 7 BP 883 EP 892 DI 10.1093/heapol/czt069 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA AR2KP UT WOS:000343414500007 PM 24056898 ER PT J AU Singh, K Moran, A Story, W Bailey, P Chavane, L AF Singh, Kavita Moran, Allisyn Story, William Bailey, Patricia Chavane, Leonardo TI Acknowledging HIV and malaria as major causes of maternal mortality in Mozambique SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS LA English DT Article DE HIV; Malaria; Maternal health; Maternal mortality; Mozambique ID PREGNANT-WOMEN; BANGLADESH; DEATHS AB Objective: To review national data on HIV and malaria as causes of maternal death and to determine the importance of looking at maternal mortality at a subnational level in Mozambique. Methods: Three national data surveys were used to document HIV and malaria as causes of maternal mortality and to assess HIV and malaria prevention services for pregnant women. Data were collected between 2007 and 2011, and included population-level verbal autopsy data and household survey data. Results: Verbal autopsy data indicated that 18.2% of maternal deaths were due to HIV and 23.1% were due to malaria. Only 19.6% of recently pregnant women received at least two doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment, and only 42.3% of pregnant women were sleeping under an insecticide-treated net. Only 37.5% of recently pregnant women had been counseled, tested, and received an HIV test result. Coverage of prevention services varied substantially by province. Conclusion: Triangulation of information on cause of death and coverage of interventions can enable appropriate targeting of maternal health interventions. Such information could also help countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to recognize and take action against malaria and HIV in an effort to decrease maternal mortality. (C) 2014 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Singh, Kavita; Story, William] Univ N Carolina, MEASURE Evaluat Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Singh, Kavita] Univ N Carolina, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Moran, Allisyn] US Agcy Int Dev, Global Hlth Fellows Program 2, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Bailey, Patricia] FHI 360, Durham, NC USA. [Chavane, Leonardo] Maternal & Child Hlth Integrated Program, Jhpiego, Maputo, Mozambique. RP Singh, K (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, CB 8120, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. EM kavita_singh@unc.edu FU US Agency for International Development (USAID) [GHA-A-00-08-00003-00]; MEASURE Evaluation; NIH R24 Center Grant FX The study was funded by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) through a cooperative agreement (GHA-A-00-08-00003-00) with MEASURE Evaluation. The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of USAID. This work was also supported in part by a NIH R24 Center Grant to the Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0020-7292 EI 1879-3479 J9 INT J GYNECOL OBSTET JI Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 127 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.05.002 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA AQ5QJ UT WOS:000342863400008 PM 24981974 ER PT J AU Anema, A Fielden, SJ Castleman, T Grede, N Heap, A Bloem, M AF Anema, Aranka Fielden, Sarah J. Castleman, Tony Grede, Nils Heap, Amie Bloem, Martin TI Food Security in the Context of HIV: Towards Harmonized Definitions and Indicators SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Food security; HIV/AIDS; Food insufficiency; Dietary diversity; Food safety; Monitoring and evaluation (M& E); Indicators ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; AMERICAN-DIETETIC-ASSOCIATION; ELECTRONIC MEDICAL-RECORDS; INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; DIETARY DIVERSITY; SAN-FRANCISCO; WATER SAFETY AB Integration of HIV and food security services is imperative to improving the health and well-being of people living with HIV. However, consensus does not exist on definitions and measures of food security to guide service delivery and evaluation in the context of HIV. This paper reviews definitions and indicators of food security used by key agencies; outlines their relevance in the context of HIV; highlights opportunities for harmonized monitoring and evaluation indicators; and discusses promising developments in data collection and management. In addition to the commonly used dimensions of food availability, access, utilization and stability, we identify three components of food security-food sufficiency, dietary quality, and food safety-that are useful for understanding and measuring food security needs of HIV-affected and other vulnerable people. Harmonization across agencies of food security indicators in the context of HIV offers opportunities to improve measurement and tracking, strengthen coordination, and inform evidence-based programming. C1 [Anema, Aranka] Univ British Columbia, St Pauls Hosp, British Columbia Ctr Excellence HIV AIDS, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Fielden, Sarah J.] Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Castleman, Tony] George Washington Univ, Elliott Sch Int Affairs, Inst Int Econ Policy, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Grede, Nils] World Food Program, HIV AIDS & Nutr Policy Div, Rome, Italy. [Heap, Amie] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS Tech Leadership, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Heap, Amie] US Agcy Int Dev, Div Res, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Bloem, Martin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Bloem, Martin] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Anema, A (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, St Pauls Hosp, British Columbia Ctr Excellence HIV AIDS, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. EM aanema@cfenet.ubc.ca NR 148 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 EI 1573-3254 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS Behav. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 18 SU 5 BP S476 EP S489 DI 10.1007/s10461-013-0659-x PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA AP4TR UT WOS:000342072200003 PM 24292252 ER PT J AU Polis, CB Phillips, SJ Curtis, KM Westreich, DJ Steyn, PS Raymond, E Hannaford, P Turner, AN AF Polis, Chelsea B. Phillips, Sharon J. Curtis, Kathryn M. Westreich, Daniel J. Steyn, Petrus S. Raymond, Elizabeth Hannaford, Philip Turner, Abigail Norris TI Hormonal contraceptive methods and risk of HIV acquisition in women: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE Hormonal contraception; DMPA; Injectable contraception; Oral contraception; HIV acquisition; Systematic review ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; SOUTH-AFRICA; SEX WORKERS; COMPETING RISKS; CONDOM-USE; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; COHORT AB Whether use of various types of hormonal contraception (HC) affect risk of HIV acquisition is a critical question for women's health. For this systematic review, we identified 22 studies published by January 15, 2014 which met inclusion criteria; we classified thirteen studies as having severe methodological limitations, and nine studies as "informative but with important limitations". Overall, data do not support an association between use of oral contraceptives and increased risk of HIV acquisition. Uncertainty persists regarding whether an association exists between depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) use and risk of HIV acquisition. Most studies suggested no significantly increased HIV risk with norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) use, but when assessed in the same study, point estimates for NET-EN tended to be larger than for DMPA, though 95% confidence intervals overlapped substantially. No data have suggested significantly increased risk of HIV acquisition with use of implants, though data were limited. No data are available on the relationship between use of contraceptive patches, rings, or hormonal intrauterine devices and risk of HIV acquisition. Women choosing progestin-only injectable contraceptives such as DMPA or NET-EN should be informed of the current uncertainty regarding whether use of these methods increases risk of HIV acquisition, and like all women at risk of HIV, should be empowered to access and use condoms and other HIV preventative measures. Programs, practitioners, and women urgently need guidance on how to maximize health with respect to avoiding both unintended pregnancy and HIV given inconclusive or limited data for certain HC methods. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Polis, Chelsea B.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Polis, Chelsea B.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Phillips, Sharon J.; Steyn, Petrus S.] WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Curtis, Kathryn M.] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Westreich, Daniel J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Raymond, Elizabeth] Gynu Hlth Projects, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Hannaford, Philip] Univ Aberdeen, Ctr Primary Acad Care, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Turner, Abigail Norris] Ohio State Univ, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Polis, CB (reprint author), 1201 Penn Ave NW,Suite 315, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM cpolis@usaid.gov OI Phillips, Sharon/0000-0001-7157-4122; Polis, Chelsea/0000-0002-1031-7074 NR 87 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD OCT PY 2014 VL 90 IS 4 BP 360 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.07.009 PG 31 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA AP5KL UT WOS:000342118000004 PM 25183264 ER PT J AU Van Lerberghe, W Matthews, Z Achadi, E Ancona, C Campbell, J Channon, A de Bernis, L De Brouwere, V Fauveau, V Fogstad, H Koblinsky, M Liljestrand, J Mechbal, A Murray, SF Rathavay, T Rehr, H Richard, F ten Hoope-Bender, P Turkmani, S AF Van Lerberghe, Wim Matthews, Zoe Achadi, Endang Ancona, Chiara Campbell, James Channon, Amos de Bernis, Luc De Brouwere, Vincent Fauveau, Vincent Fogstad, Helga Koblinsky, Marge Liljestrand, Jerker Mechbal, Abdelhay Murray, Susan F. Rathavay, Tung Rehr, Helen Richard, Fabienne ten Hoope-Bender, Petra Turkmani, Sabera TI Country experience with strengthening of health systems and deployment of midwives in countries with high maternal mortality SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID BURKINA-FASO; OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS; SKILLED CARE; CAMBODIA; PROGRESS; MOROCCO; BIRTH; MANAGEMENT; HOSPITALS; SERVICES AB This paper complements the other papers in the Lancet Series on midwifery by documenting the experience of low-income and middle-income countries that deployed midwives as one of the core constituents of their strategy to improve maternal and newborn health. It examines the constellation of various diverse health-system strengthening interventions deployed by Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Morocco, among which the scaling up of the pre-service education of midwives was only one element. Efforts in health system strengthening in these countries have been characterised by: expansion of the network of health facilities with increased uptake of facility birthing, scaling up of the production of midwives, reduction of financial barriers, and late attention for improving the quality of care. Overmedicalisation and respectful woman-centred care have received little or no attention. C1 [Achadi, Endang] Univ Indonesia, Fac Publ Hlth, Ctr Family Welf, Depok, West Java, Indonesia. [Campbell, James; ten Hoope-Bender, Petra] Inst Cooperac Social Integrare, Barcelona, Spain. [Channon, Amos] Univ Southampton, Dept Social Stat & Demog, Southampton, Hants, England. [Van Lerberghe, Wim; de Bernis, Luc] UN Populat Fund, Geneva, Switzerland. [Fauveau, Vincent] Holist Sante, Montpellier, France. [De Brouwere, Vincent] Woman & Child Hlth Res Ctr, Inst Trop Med, Antwerp, Belgium. [Koblinsky, Marge] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Liljestrand, Jerker] Lund Univ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Matthews, Zoe] Univ Southampton, Evidence Act, Southampton, Hants, England. [Murray, Susan F.] Kings Coll London, Inst Int Dev, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Rehr, Helen] Evidence Act, London, England. [Richard, Fabienne] Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. [Rathavay, Tung] Natl Reprod Hlth Program, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Turkmani, Sabera] Jhpiego, Afghan Midw Assoc, Kabul, Afghanistan. [Van Lerberghe, Wim] WHO, Reg Off Europe, Athens 11521, Greece. RP Van Lerberghe, W (reprint author), WHO, Reg Off Europe, Athens 11521, Greece. EM wvl@euro.who.int RI Turkmani, Sabera/G-2037-2015 OI Turkmani, Sabera/0000-0001-7819-5061 FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1042500]; ICS Integrare; University of York; University of Dundee FX The work on this paper was supported partly through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1042500) and additional support from ICS Integrare, the University of York, and the University of Dundee. Julie Glanville from the York Health Economics Consortium contributed to the literature searches, and the Midwives Information and Resource Service (MIDIRS) supported the search work. PtH-B's work was supported by the Institut de Cooperacion Social Integrare. The funding organisations had no role in the undertaking of the analysis and synthesis of the findings of this report. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of their employers. Jenny Brown and Tracy Sparey provided administrative support, and Natalie Muir provided project support. We thank the close readers and colleagues who made helpful contributions: Hamid Ashwal, Hilda Bonilla, Mickey Chopra, Bernadette Daelmans; Frances Day-Stirk, Eugene Declerc, France Donnay, Soo Downe; Elizabeth Goodburn, Wendy Graham, Isaline Greindl, Caroline Homer, Louise Hulton, Peter Johnson, Fran McConville, Blerta Maliqi, Liz Mason, Matthews Mathai, Remo Meloni, Nester Moyo; Mary Renfrew, Arul Sabaratum, Kate Somers, Kate Teela, and Veronica Walford. NR 111 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 27 PY 2014 VL 384 IS 9949 BP 1215 EP 1225 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60919-3 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AQ7MT UT WOS:000343002600028 PM 24965819 ER PT J AU Comfort, AB van Dijk, JH Mharakurwa, S Stillman, K Johns, B Hathi, P Korde, S Craig, AS Nachbar, N Derriennic, Y Gabert, R Thuma, PE AF Comfort, Alison B. van Dijk, Janneke H. Mharakurwa, Sungano Stillman, Kathryn Johns, Benjamin Hathi, Payal Korde, Sonali Craig, Allen S. Nachbar, Nancy Derriennic, Yann Gabert, Rose Thuma, Philip E. TI Association between malaria control and paediatric blood transfusions in rural Zambia: an interrupted time-series analysis SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Malaria control; Blood transfusion; Severe malarial anaemia; Paediatric hospital admissions; Zambia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Time series ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ANOPHELES-ARABIENSIS; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; SOUTHERN ZAMBIA; CHILDREN; ANEMIA; IMPACT; TRANSMISSION; MORTALITY AB Background: Blood transfusions can reduce mortality among children with severe malarial anaemia, but there is limited evidence quantifying the relationship between paediatric malaria and blood transfusions. This study explores the extent to which the use of paediatric blood transfusions is affected by the number of paediatric malaria visits and admissions. It assesses whether the scale-up of malaria control interventions in a facility catchment area explains the use of paediatric blood transfusions. Methods: The study was conducted at a referral hospital for 13 rural health centres in rural Zambia. Data were used from facility and patient records covering all paediatric malaria admissions from 2000 to 2008. An interrupted time series analysis using an autoregression-moving-average model was conducted to assess the relationship between paediatric malaria outpatient visits and admissions and the use of paediatric blood transfusions. Further investigation explored whether the use of paediatric blood transfusions over time was consistent with the roll out of malaria control interventions in the hospital catchment area. Results: For each additional paediatric malaria outpatient visit, there were 0.07 additional paediatric blood transfusions (95% CI 0.01-0.13; p < 0.05). For each additional paediatric admission for severe malarial anaemia, there were 1.09 additional paediatric blood transfusions (95% CI 0.95-1.23; p < 0.01). There were 19.1 fewer paediatric blood transfusions per month during the 2004-2006 malaria control period (95% CI 12.1-26.0; p < 0.01), a 50% reduction compared to the preceding period when malaria control was relatively limited. During the 2007-2008 malaria control period, there were 27.5 fewer paediatric blood transfusions per month (95% CI 14.6-40.3; p < 0.01), representing a 72% decline compared to the period with limited malaria control. Conclusions: Paediatric admissions for severe malarial anaemia largely explain total use of paediatric blood transfusions. The reduction in paediatric blood transfusions is consistent with the timing of the malaria control interventions. Malaria control seems to influence the use of paediatric blood transfusions by reducing the number of paediatric admissions for severe malarial anaemia. Reduced use of blood transfusions could benefit other areas of the health system through greater blood availability, particularly where supply is limited. C1 [Comfort, Alison B.; Stillman, Kathryn; Johns, Benjamin; Hathi, Payal; Nachbar, Nancy; Derriennic, Yann; Gabert, Rose] Abt Associates Inc, Int Hlth Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [van Dijk, Janneke H.] Macha Res Trust, Dept Clin Res, Choma, Zambia. [Mharakurwa, Sungano] Macha Res Trust, Johns Hopkins Malaria Res Inst, Malaria Res Dept, Choma, Zambia. [Korde, Sonali] USAID, Bur Global Hlth, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC USA. [Craig, Allen S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Lusaka, Zambia. [Craig, Allen S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Thuma, Philip E.] Macha Res Trust, Choma, Zambia. [Gabert, Rose] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Comfort, AB (reprint author), Abt Associates Inc, Int Hlth Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM alison_comfort@abtassoc.com FU President's Malaria Initiative via the Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development [GHS-A-00-06-00010-00, AID-OAA-A-12-00080]; President's Malaria Initiative (PMI), USAID; Health Finance and Governance Project; Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute; US government grants; NIH [5U19AI089680]; CDC [5U2GPS001930] FX The study was a collaborative effort between researchers from the Health Systems 20/20 and Health Finance and Governance projects, Macha Research Trust, MMH. This research was made possible through support provided by the President's Malaria Initiative via the Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development under terms of Cooperative Agreement No. GHS-A-00-06-00010-00 for the Health Systems 20/20 Project and Cooperative Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-12-00080 for the Health Finance and Governance Project. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Agency for International Development or the US Government. We thank Scott Stewart and Jodi Charles, at USAID, for supporting this study. Thanks to the data entry staff at Macha Research Trust and nursing staff at MMH, for assisting in compilation of the paediatric admission data set, with special recognition to Patricia Muleya and Pamela Sinywimaanzi. Finally, we thank Lauren Peterson for conducting data cleaning, and Suzanne Erfurth for editing the manuscript. ABC, KS, BJ, PH, NN, YD, and RG were funded by the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI), USAID, through the Health Systems 20/20 Project, and the Health Finance and Governance Project, held by Abt Associates. PET, JHvD, and SM received support from the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute and US government grants, including NIH (5U19AI089680) and CDC (5U2GPS001930). PMI was involved in the study's design and contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the study results, as well as the drafting of the final manuscript and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD SEP 26 PY 2014 VL 13 AR 383 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-13-383 PG 17 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA AU6KB UT WOS:000345711000001 PM 25261276 ER PT J AU Wang, HD Liddell, CA Coates, MM Mooney, MD Levitz, CE Schumacher, AE Apfel, H Iannarone, M Phillips, B Lofgren, KT Sandar, L Dorrington, RE Rakovac, I Jacobs, TA Liang, XF Zhou, MG Zhu, J Yang, GH Wang, YP Liu, SW Li, YC Ozgoren, AA Abera, SF Abubakar, I Achoki, T Adelekan, A Ademi, Z Alemu, ZA Allen, PJ AlMazroa, MA Alvarez, E Amankwaa, AA Amare, AT Ammar, W Anwari, P Cunningham, SA Asad, MM Assadi, R Banerjee, A Basu, S Bedi, N Bekele, T Bell, ML Bhutta, ZQ Blore, JD Basara, BB Boufous, S Breitborde, N Bruce, NG Bui, LN Carapetis, JR Cardenas, R Carpenter, DO Caso, V Castro, RE Catala-Lopez, F Cavlin, A Che, X Chiang, PPC Chowdhury, R Christophi, CA Chuang, TW Cirillo, M Leite, ID Courville, KJ Dandona, L Dandona, R Davis, A Dayama, A Deribe, K Dharmaratne, SD Dherani, MK Dilmen, U Ding, EL Edmond, KM Ermakov, SP Farzadfar, F Fereshtehnejad, SM Fijabi, DO Foigt, N Forouzanfar, MH Garcia, AC Geleijnse, JM Gessner, BD Goginashvili, K Gona, P Goto, A Gouda, HN Green, MA Greenwell, KF Gugnani, HC Gupta, R Hamadeh, RR Hammami, M Harb, HL Hay, S Hedayati, MT Hosgood, HD Hoy, DG Idrisov, BT Islami, F Ismayilova, S Jha, V Jiang, GH Jonas, JB Juel, K Kabagambe, EK Kazi, DS Kengne, AP Kereselidze, M Khader, YS Khalifa, SEAH Khang, YH Kim, D Kinfu, Y Kinge, JM Kokubo, Y Kosen, S Defo, BK Kumar, GA Kumar, K Kumar, RB Lai, T Lan, Q Larsson, A Lee, JT Leinsalu, M Lim, SS Lipshultz, SE Logroscino, G Lotufo, PA Lunevicius, R Lyons, RA Ma, S Mahdi, AA Marzan, MB Mashal, MTQ Mazorodze, TT McGrath, JJ Memish, ZA Mendoza, W Mensah, GA Meretoja, A Miller, TR Mills, EJ Mohammad, KA Mokdad, AH Monasta, L Montico, M Moore, AR Moschandreas, J Msemburi, WT Mueller, UO Muszynska, MM Naghavi, M Naidoo, KS Narayan, KMV Nejjari, C Ng, M Ngirabega, JD Nieuwenhuijsen, MJ Nyakarahuka, L Ohkubo, T Omer, SB Caicedo, AJP Pillay-van Wyk, V Pope, D Pourmalek, F Prabhakaran, D Rahman, SUR Rana, SM Reilly, RQ Rojas-Rueda, D Ronfani, L Rushton, L Saeedi, MY Salomon, JA Sampson, U Santos, IS Sawhney, M Schmidt, JC Shakh-Nazarova, M She, J Sheikhbahaei, S Shibuya, K Shin, HH Shishani, K Shiue, I Sigfusdottir, ID Singh, JA Skirbekk, V Sliwa, K Soshnikov, SS Sposato, LA Stathopoulou, VK Stroumpoulis, K Tabb, KM Talongwa, RT Teixeira, CM Terkawi, AS Thomson, AJ Thorne-Lyman, AL Toyoshima, H Dimbuene, ZT Uwaliraye, P Uzun, SB Vasankari, TJ Vasconcelos, AMN Vlassov, VV Vollset, SE Waller, S Wan, X Weichenthal, S Weiderpass, E Weintraub, RG Westerman, R Wilkinson, JD Williams, HC Yang, YC Yentur, GK Yip, P Yonemoto, N Younis, M Yu, C Jin, KY Zaki, ME Zhu, SK Vos, T Lopez, AD Murray, CJL AF Wang, Haidong Liddell, Chelsea A. Coates, Matthew M. Mooney, Meghan D. Levitz, Carly E. Schumacher, Austin E. Apfel, Henry Iannarone, Marissa Phillips, Bryan Lofgren, Katherine T. Sandar, Logan Dorrington, Rob E. Rakovac, Ivo Jacobs, Troy A. Liang, Xiaofeng Zhou, Maigeng Zhu, Jun Yang, Gonghuan Wang, Yanping Liu, Shiwei Li, Yichong Ozgoren, Ayse Abbasoglu Abera, Semaw Ferede Abubakar, Ibrahim Achoki, Tom Adelekan, Ademola Ademi, Zanfina Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw Allen, Peter J. AlMazroa, Mohammad AbdulAziz Alvarez, Elena Amankwaa, Adansi A. Amare, Azmeraw T. Ammar, Walid Anwari, Palwasha Cunningham, Solveig Argeseanu Asad, Majed Masoud Assadi, Reza Banerjee, Amitava Basu, Sanjay Bedi, Neeraj Bekele, Tolesa Bell, Michelle L. Bhutta, Zulfi Qar Blore, Jed D. Basara, Berrak Bora Boufous, Soufiane Breitborde, Nicholas Bruce, Nigel G. Linh Ngoc Bui Carapetis, Jonathan R. Cardenas, Rosario Carpenter, David O. Caso, Valeria Estanislao Castro, Ruben Catala-Lopez, Ferran Cavlin, Alanur Che, Xuan Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia Chowdhury, Rajiv Christophi, Costas A. Chuang, Ting-Wu Cirillo, Massimo Leite, Iuri da Costa Courville, Karen J. Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Davis, Adrian Dayama, Anand Deribe, Kebede Dharmaratne, Samath D. Dherani, Mukesh K. Dilmen, Ugur Ding, Eric L. Edmond, Karen M. Ermakov, Sergei Petrovich Farzadfar, Farshad Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad Fijabi, Daniel Obadare Foigt, Nataliya Forouzanfar, Mohammad H. Garcia, Ana C. Geleijnse, Johanna M. Gessner, Bradford D. Goginashvili, Ketevan Gona, Philimon Goto, Atsushi Gouda, Hebe N. Green, Mark A. Greenwell, Karen Fern Gugnani, Harish Chander Gupta, Rahul Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi Hammami, Mouhanad Harb, Hilda L. Hay, Simon Hedayati, Mohammad T. Hosgood, H. Dean Hoy, Damian G. Idrisov, Bulat T. Islami, Farhad Ismayilova, Samaya Jha, Vivekanand Jiang, Guohong Jonas, Jost B. Juel, Knud Kabagambe, Edmond Kato Kazi, Dhruv S. Kengne, Andre Pascal Kereselidze, Maia Khader, Yousef Saleh Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan Khang, Young-Ho Kim, Daniel Kinfu, Yohannes Kinge, Jonas M. Kokubo, Yoshihiro Kosen, Soewarta Defo, Barthelemy Kuate Kumar, G. Anil Kumar, Kaushalendra Kumar, Ravi B. Lai, Taavi Lan, Qing Larsson, Anders Lee, Jong-Tae Leinsalu, Mall Lim, Stephen S. Lipshultz, Steven E. Logroscino, Giancarlo Lotufo, Paulo A. Lunevicius, Raimundas Lyons, Ronan Anthony Ma, Stefan Mahdi, Abbas Ali Marzan, Melvin Barrientos Mashal, Mohammad Taufi Q. Mazorodze, Tasara T. McGrath, John J. Memish, Ziad A. Mendoza, Walter Mensah, George A. Meretoja, Atte Miller, Ted R. Mills, Edward J. Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mokdad, Ali H. Monasta, Lorenzo Montico, Marcella Moore, Ami R. Moschandreas, Joanna Msemburi, William T. Mueller, Ulrich O. Muszynska, Magdalena M. Naghavi, Mohsen Naidoo, Kovin S. Narayan, K. M. Venkat Nejjari, Chakib Ng, Marie de Dieu Ngirabega, Jean Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J. Nyakarahuka, Luke Ohkubo, Takayoshi Omer, Saad B. Paternina Caicedo, Angel J. Pillay-van Wyk, Victoria Pope, Dan Pourmalek, Farshad Prabhakaran, Dorairaj Rahman, Sajjad U. R. Rana, Saleem M. Reilly, Robert Quentin Rojas-Rueda, David Ronfani, Luca Rushton, Lesley Saeedi, Mohammad Yahya Salomon, Joshua A. Sampson, Uchechukwu Santos, Itamar S. Sawhney, Monika Schmidt, Juergen C. Shakh-Nazarova, Marina She, Jun Sheikhbahaei, Sara Shibuya, Kenji Shin, Hwashin Hyun Shishani, Kawkab Shiue, Ivy Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora Singh, Jasvinder A. Skirbekk, Vegard Sliwa, Karen Soshnikov, Sergey S. Sposato, Luciano A. Stathopoulou, Vasiliki Kalliopi Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos Tabb, Karen M. Talongwa, Roberto Tchio Teixeira, Carolina Maria Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman Thomson, Alan J. Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L. Toyoshima, Hideaki Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala Uwaliraye, Parfait Uzun, Selen Beguem Vasankari, Tommi J. Nogales Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich Vollset, Stein Emil Waller, Stephen Wan, Xia Weichenthal, Scott Weiderpass, Elisabete Weintraub, Robert G. Westerman, Ronny Wilkinson, James D. Williams, Hywel C. Yang, Yang C. Yentur, Gokalp Kadri Yip, Paul Yonemoto, Naohiro Younis, Mustafa Yu, Chuanhua Jin, Kim Yun Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed Zhu, Shankuan Vos, Theo Lopez, Alan D. Murray, Christopher J. L. TI Global, regional, and national levels of neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS; CHILD-MORTALITY; MATERNAL EDUCATION; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; INCOME COUNTRIES; HEALTH; DEMOCRACY; COVERAGE; SURVIVAL; TRENDS AB Background Remarkable financial and political efforts have been focused on the reduction of child mortality during the past few decades. Timely measurements of levels and trends in under-5 mortality are important to assess progress towards the Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4) target of reduction of child mortality by two thirds from 1990 to 2015, and to identify models of success. Methods We generated updated estimates of child mortality in early neonatal (age 0-6 days), late neonatal (7-28 days), postneonatal (29-364 days), childhood (1-4 years), and under-5 (0-4 years) age groups for 188 countries from 1970 to 2013, with more than 29 000 survey, census, vital registration, and sample registration datapoints. We used Gaussian process regression with adjustments for bias and non-sampling error to synthesise the data for under-5 mortality for each country, and a separate model to estimate mortality for more detailed age groups. We used explanatory mixed effects regression models to assess the association between under-5 mortality and income per person, maternal education, HIV child death rates, secular shifts, and other factors. To quantify the contribution of these different factors and birth numbers to the change in numbers of deaths in under-5 age groups from 1990 to 2013, we used Shapley decomposition. We used estimated rates of change between 2000 and 2013 to construct under-5 mortality rate scenarios out to 2030. Findings We estimated that 6.3 million (95% UI 6.0-6.6) children under-5 died in 2013, a 64% reduction from 17.6 million (17.1-18.1) in 1970. In 2013, child mortality rates ranged from 152.5 per 1000 livebirths (130.6-177.4) in Guinea-Bissau to 2.3 (1.8-2.9) per 1000 in Singapore. The annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2013 ranged from 6.8% to 0.1%. 99 of 188 countries, including 43 of 48 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, had faster decreases in child mortality during 2000-13 than during 1990-2000. In 2013, neonatal deaths accounted for 41.6% of under-5 deaths compared with 37.4% in 1990. Compared with 1990, in 2013, rising numbers of births, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, led to 1.4 million more child deaths, and rising income per person and maternal education led to 0.9 million and 2.2 million fewer deaths, respectively. Changes in secular trends led to 4.2 million fewer deaths. Unexplained factors accounted for only -1% of the change in child deaths. In 30 developing countries, decreases since 2000 have been faster than predicted attributable to income, education, and secular shift alone. Interpretation Only 27 developing countries are expected to achieve MDG 4. Decreases since 2000 in under-5 mortality rates are accelerating in many developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The Millennium Declaration and increased development assistance for health might have been a factor in faster decreases in some developing countries. Without further accelerated progress, many countries in west and central Africa will still have high levels of under-5 mortality in 2030. C1 [Wang, Haidong; Liddell, Chelsea A.; Coates, Matthew M.; Mooney, Meghan D.; Levitz, Carly E.; Schumacher, Austin E.; Apfel, Henry; Iannarone, Marissa; Phillips, Bryan; Lofgren, Katherine T.; Sandar, Logan; Achoki, Tom; Dandona, Lalit; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Lim, Stephen S.; Mokdad, Ali H.; Naghavi, Mohsen; Vos, Theo; Murray, Christopher J. L.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. [Sliwa, Karen] Univ Cape Town, Fac Hlth Sci, Hatter Inst Cardiovasc Res Africa, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. 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[Monasta, Lorenzo; Montico, Marcella; Ronfani, Luca] Inst Maternal & Child Hlth IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy. [Moore, Ami R.] Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Moschandreas, Joanna] Univ Crete, Iraklion, Greece. [Mueller, Ulrich O.] Univ Marburg, Marburg, Germany. [Muszynska, Magdalena M.] Warsaw Sch Econ, Warsaw, Poland. [Naidoo, Kovin S.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. [Nejjari, Chakib] Univ Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fac Med & Pharm, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Fes, Morocco. [de Dieu Ngirabega, Jean] Rwanda Biomed Ctr, Kigali, Rwanda. [Nyakarahuka, Luke] Makerere Univ, Kampala, Uganda. [Ohkubo, Takayoshi] Teikyo Univ, Sch Med, Tokyo 173, Japan. [Paternina Caicedo, Angel J.] Univ Cartagena, Cartagena, Bolivar, Colombia. [Pourmalek, Farshad] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Prabhakaran, Dorairaj] Ctr Chron Dis Control, New Delhi, India. [Rahman, Sajjad U. R.] Hamad Med Corp, Doha, Qatar. [Rana, Saleem M.] Univ Punjab, Dept Publ Hlth, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. [Rushton, Lesley] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Sawhney, Monika] Marshall Univ, Huntington, WV USA. [She, Jun] Fudan Univ, Zhongshan Hosp, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Shibuya, Kenji] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [Shin, Hwashin Hyun; Weichenthal, Scott] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Shishani, Kawkab] Washington State Univ, Spokane, WA USA. [Shiue, Ivy] Heriot Watt Univ, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora] Reykjavik Univ, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Singh, Jasvinder A.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. [Soshnikov, Sergey S.] Fed Res Inst Hlth Org, Moscow, Russia. [Soshnikov, Sergey S.] Informat Minist Hlth Russian Federat, Moscow, Russia. [Sposato, Luciano A.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Clin Neurol Sci, London, ON, Canada. [Stathopoulou, Vasiliki Kalliopi] Ctr Hosp Nord Deux Sevres, Bressuire, France. [Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos] Alexandra Gen Hosp Athens, Ctr Dis Control, KEELPNO, Athens, Greece. [Tabb, Karen M.] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Talongwa, Roberto Tchio] Minist Hlth, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Teixeira, Carolina Maria] ARS Norte, Oporto, Portugal. [Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman] Univ Virginia, Dept Anesthesiol, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman] King Fahad Med City, Dept Anesthesiol, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L.] Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Toyoshima, Hideaki] Hlth Care Ctr Anjo Kosei Hosp, Anjo, Aichi, Japan. [Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala] Univ Kinshasa, Fac Econ & Management, Dept Populat Sci & Dev, Kinshasa, Zaire. [Uwaliraye, Parfait] Minist Hlth, Kigali City, Rwanda. [Vasankari, Tommi J.] UKK Inst Hlth Promot Res, Tampere, Finland. [Nogales Vasconcelos, Ana Maria] Univ Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich] Natl Res Univ, Higher Sch Econ, Moscow, Russia. [Waller, Stephen] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Wan, Xia] Chinese Acad Med Sci, Inst Basic Med Sci, Beijing 100730, Peoples R China. [Weintraub, Robert G.] Royal Childrens Hosp, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Wilkinson, James D.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Williams, Hywel C.] Univ Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Yang, Gonghuan] Peking Union Med Coll, Beijing 100021, Peoples R China. [Yang, Yang C.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Yip, Paul] Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yonemoto, Naohiro] Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Kodira, Tokyo, Japan. [Younis, Mustafa] Jackson State Univ, Jackson, MS USA. [Yu, Chuanhua] Wuhan Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Yu, Chuanhua] Wuhan Univ, Global Hlth Inst, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Jin, Kim Yun] TCM MED TK SDN BHD, Nusajaya, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. [Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed] Mansoura Fac Med, Mansoura, Egypt. [Zhu, Shankuan] Zhejiang Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Wang, HD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. EM haidong@uw.edu RI Hay, Simon/F-8967-2015; Weiderpass, Elisabete/M-4029-2016; Ronfani, Luca/B-6668-2013; Cunningham, Solveig/K-6760-2012; McGrath, John/G-5493-2010; Banerjee, Amitava/D-4381-2014; Rakovac, Ivo/A-7678-2013; Paternina-Caicedo, Angel/N-4496-2015; El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa/C-1522-2013; Monasta, Lorenzo/B-1388-2012; LOGROSCINO, GIANCARLO/K-5148-2016; wang, YA XING/K-9671-2016; Montico, Marcella/B-5290-2013; Salomon, Joshua/D-3898-2009; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark/C-3914-2017; Lotufo, Paulo/A-9843-2008; Hedayati, Mohammad T./E-2304-2017; Ermakov, Sergey/G-1709-2016; Davis, Adrian/E-6022-2015; Meretoja, Atte/G-7381-2014; OI Hay, Simon/0000-0002-0611-7272; Weiderpass, Elisabete/0000-0003-2237-0128; Ronfani, Luca/0000-0001-5710-3914; Cunningham, Solveig/0000-0002-2354-1526; McGrath, John/0000-0002-4792-6068; Banerjee, Amitava/0000-0001-8741-3411; Rakovac, Ivo/0000-0003-3462-2636; Paternina-Caicedo, Angel/0000-0002-6332-5174; El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa/0000-0001-5431-0248; Monasta, Lorenzo/0000-0001-7774-548X; LOGROSCINO, GIANCARLO/0000-0003-0423-3242; wang, YA XING/0000-0003-2749-7793; Montico, Marcella/0000-0003-0377-8232; Salomon, Joshua/0000-0003-3929-5515; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark/0000-0001-9461-7981; Lotufo, Paulo/0000-0002-4856-8450; Hedayati, Mohammad T./0000-0001-6415-4648; Ermakov, Sergey/0000-0003-1072-1162; Davis, Adrian/0000-0001-7134-7528; Meretoja, Atte/0000-0001-6433-1931; Che, Xuan/0000-0001-7981-6456; Abubakar, Ibrahim/0000-0002-0370-1430; Ding, Eric/0000-0002-5881-8097; Tabb Dina, Karen/0000-0002-4722-9502; assadi, reza/0000-0002-5016-2994; Vlassov, Vasiliy/0000-0001-5203-549X; Santos, Itamar/0000-0003-3212-8466; Miller, Ted/0000-0002-0958-2639; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj/0000-0002-3172-834X; Deribe, Kebede/0000-0002-8526-6996; Khang, Young-Ho/0000-0002-9585-8266; Catala-Lopez, Ferran/0000-0002-3833-9312; Gouda, Hebe/0000-0002-5709-4509; Goto, Atsushi/0000-0003-0669-654X; Soshnikov, Sergey/0000-0002-6983-7066; Pourmalek, Farshad/0000-0002-2134-0771 FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; US Agency for International Development FX We thank the countless individuals who have contributed to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 in various capacities. We would also like to acknowledge the extensive support from all staff members at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and specifically thank:; Michael F MacIntyre, Peter Speyer, and Summer Lockett Ohno for their management of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013; Rafael Lozano for his expert input on results; Peter Speyer, James Bullard, Serkan Yalcin, Edgar Sioson, Andrew Ernst, and Bill Britt for their tireless support of the computational infrastructure required to produce the results;; Linda Ettinger for her expert administrative support; Peter Speyer, Abigail McLain, Eden Stork, Brent Bell, Noelle Nightingale, Jamie Hancock, Lyla E Medeiros, Rachel Woodbrook, Natalie Stephens, Elissa Thomas, Erica Leigh Nelson, Stephanie R Atkinson, and Matthew Israelson for their persistent and invaluable work to gain access to and catalogue as much data as possible to inform the estimates; Timothy M Wolock, Ryan M Barber, Emily A Dansereau, D Allen Roberts, Katrina Ortblad, Herbert C Duber, Megan S Coggeshall, Elizabeth K Johnson, and Jonathan C Brown for their extensive efforts to develop and improve the HIV modeling process;; Madeline L Moyer, Katya A Shackelford, Maggie Lind, and Lavanya Singh for their work extracting essential data; Erin C Mullany and Gillian Hansen for their systematic efforts organising correspondence with co-authors; and Katya A Shackelford, Madeline L Moyer, Megan S Coggeshall, Gillian Hansen, Farah Daoud, and Christopher Margono for their work fact-checking and proofing the final report. No individuals acknowledged received additional compensation for their efforts. This study was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the US Agency for International Development. NR 86 TC 187 Z9 191 U1 20 U2 141 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 13 PY 2014 VL 384 IS 9947 BP 957 EP 979 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60497-9 PG 23 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AO9ML UT WOS:000341679700030 PM 24797572 ER PT J AU Sedegah, M Hollingdale, MR Farooq, F Ganeshan, H Belmonte, M Kim, Y Peters, B Sette, A Huang, J McGrath, S Abot, E Limbach, K Shi, M Soisson, L Diggs, C Chuang, I Tamminga, C Epstein, JE Villasante, E Richie, TL AF Sedegah, Martha Hollingdale, Michael R. Farooq, Fouzia Ganeshan, Harini Belmonte, Maria Kim, Yohan Peters, Bjoern Sette, Alessandro Huang, Jun McGrath, Shannon Abot, Esteban Limbach, Keith Shi, Meng Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter Chuang, Ilin Tamminga, Cindy Epstein, Judith E. Villasante, Eileen Richie, Thomas L. TI Sterile Immunity to Malaria after DNA Prime/Adenovirus Boost Immunization Is Associated with Effector Memory CD8+T Cells Targeting AMA1 Class I Epitopes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CD8(+) T-CELLS; APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; VACCINIA VIRUS ANKARA; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; SPOROZOITE VACCINE; HEALTHY-ADULTS; NAIVE ADULTS; LIVER STAGES; RESPONSES; IMMUNOGENICITY AB Background: Fifteen volunteers were immunized with three doses of plasmid DNA encoding P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1) and boosted with human adenovirus-5 (Ad) expressing the same antigens (DNA/Ad). Four volunteers (27%) demonstrated sterile immunity to controlled human malaria infection and, overall, protection was statistically significantly associated with ELISpot and CD8+ T cell IFN-gamma activities to AMA1 but not CSP. DNA priming was required for protection, as 18 additional subjects immunized with Ad alone (AdCA) did not develop sterile protection. Methodology/Principal Findings: We sought to identify correlates of protection, recognizing that DNA-priming may induce different responses than AdCA alone. Among protected volunteers, two and three had higher ELISpot and CD8+ T cell IFN-gamma responses to CSP and AMA1, respectively, than non-protected volunteers. Unexpectedly, non-protected volunteers in the AdCA trial showed ELISpot and CD8+ T cell IFN-gamma responses to AMA1 equal to or higher than the protected volunteers. T cell functionality assessed by intracellular cytokine staining for IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-2 likewise did not distinguish protected from non-protected volunteers across both trials. However, three of the four protected volunteers showed higher effector to central memory CD8+ T cell ratios to AMA1, and one of these to CSP, than non-protected volunteers for both antigens. These responses were focused on discrete regions of CSP and AMA1. Class I epitopes restricted by A*03 or B*58 supertypes within these regions of AMA1 strongly recalled responses in three of four protected volunteers. We hypothesize that vaccine-induced effector memory CD8+ T cells recognizing a single class I epitope can confer sterile immunity to P. falciparum in humans. Conclusions/Significance: We suggest that better understanding of which epitopes within malaria antigens can confer sterile immunity and design of vaccine approaches that elicit responses to these epitopes will increase the potency of next generation gene-based vaccines. C1 [Sedegah, Martha; Hollingdale, Michael R.; Farooq, Fouzia; Ganeshan, Harini; Belmonte, Maria; Huang, Jun; McGrath, Shannon; Abot, Esteban; Limbach, Keith; Chuang, Ilin; Tamminga, Cindy; Epstein, Judith E.; Villasante, Eileen; Richie, Thomas L.] Naval Med Res Ctr, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kim, Yohan; Peters, Bjoern; Sette, Alessandro] La Jolla Inst Allergy & Immunol, La Jolla, CA USA. [Shi, Meng] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Med Audio Visual Lib & Stat Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Sedegah, M (reprint author), Naval Med Res Ctr, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Martha.Sedegah@med.navy.mil OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 FU USAID [GHA-P-00-03-00006-01, 936-3118]; Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program [W81XWH-05-2-0041]; Military Infectious Research Program [62787A 870 F 1432] FX This work was supported by USAID "Development of Adenovirus-Vectored Malaria Vaccines'' Grant # GHA-P-00-03-00006-01, Project Number 936-3118; and the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program "Development of Recombinant Adenoviral-based Vaccines against Malaria'' Grant # W81XWH-05-2-0041. Website https://cdmrp.org; Military Infectious Research Program "Phase 1/2a clinical trials assessing the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity & protective efficacy of Ad5-CA, a two-antigen, adenovirus-vectored Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine, in healthy, malaria-naive adults work unit number 62787A 870 F 1432. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 11 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR e106241 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0106241 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AP1UA UT WOS:000341855900008 PM 25211344 ER PT J AU Sergi, B Parker, R Zuckerman, B AF Sergi, Brian Parker, Rachel Zuckerman, Brian TI Support for International Collaboration in Research: The Role of the Overseas Offices of Basic Science Funders SO REVIEW OF POLICY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE international governance; developed countries; developing countries; comparative governance; science policy; international collaboration ID SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATION; SELF-ORGANIZATION; NETWORKS; PROXIMITY; UNIVERSITIES; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; MOBILITY; EUROPE AB The internationalization of science has prompted major science funding agencies to seek to further international cooperation in basic research through the use of outposts based outside of the agency's home country. While these offices are all international in scope, the strategies and utilization of these offices vary. This paper begins by outlining the motivations and theoretical framework for international offices, drawing specifically from a proximity theory of relationships. Subsequently the paper presents a typology of activities that fall under the rubric of international engagement in science. We will then critically examine the international offices of four leading basic research funding agencies and attempt to characterize and describe the distinct models that these agencies employ. Building from the models of organization, the paper closes with a discussion of the impacts of these overseas offices as well as other policy implications from the use of different engagement strategies in fostering international collaboration. C1 [Sergi, Brian; Zuckerman, Brian] IDA Sci & Technol Policy Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Parker, Rachel] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Sergi, B (reprint author), IDA Sci & Technol Policy Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-132X EI 1541-1338 J9 REV POLICY RES JI Rev. Policy Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 31 IS 5 SI SI BP 430 EP 453 DI 10.1111/ropr.12088 PG 24 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA AQ6YM UT WOS:000342959800005 ER PT J AU Heiby, JR Armbruster, D Jacobs, TA AF Heiby, J. R. Armbruster, D. Jacobs, T. A. TI Better care for every patient, every time: improving quality in low health systems SO BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES C1 [Heiby, J. R.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Off Hlth Syst, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Armbruster, D.; Jacobs, T. A.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Heiby, JR (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Off Hlth Syst, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jheiby@usaid.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1470-0328 EI 1471-0528 J9 BJOG-INT J OBSTET GY JI BJOG PD SEP PY 2014 VL 121 SU 4 SI SI BP 4 EP 7 DI 10.1111/1471-0528.12903 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA AQ2KQ UT WOS:000342615000002 PM 25236625 ER PT J AU Hakizimana, E Cyubahiro, B Rukundo, A Kabayiza, A Mutabazi, A Beach, R Patel, R Tongren, JE Karema, C AF Hakizimana, Emmanuel Cyubahiro, Beatus Rukundo, Alphonse Kabayiza, Allan Mutabazi, Alphonse Beach, Raymond Patel, Roopal Tongren, Jon E. Karema, Corine TI Monitoring long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) durability to validate net serviceable life assumptions, in Rwanda SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE LLIN; Serviceable life; Durability; Survivorship/attrition; Fabric integrity; Loss; Distribution/replacement time AB Background: To validate assumptions about the length of the distribution-replacement cycle for long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in Rwanda, the Malaria and other Parasitic Diseases Division, Rwanda Ministry of Health, used World Health Organization methods to independently confirm the three-year LLIN serviceable life span recommendation of WHO. Methods: Approximately 3,000 coded LLINs, distributed as part of a national campaign, were monitored in six sites, by means of six-monthly visits to selected houses. Two indicators, survivorship/attrition, a measure of the number of nets remaining, and fabric integrity, the proportion of remaining nets in either 'good', 'serviceable' or 'needs replacement' condition, based on holes in the net material, were tracked. To validate the assumption that the intervention would remain effective for three years, LLIN coverage, calculated using either survivorship, or integrity, by removing nets in the 'needs replacement' category from the survivorship total, was compared with the predicted proportion of nets remaining, derived from a net loss model, that assumes an LLIN serviceable life of three years. Results: After two years, there was close agreement between estimated LLIN survivorship at all sites, 75% (range 64-84%), and the predicted proportion of nets remaining, 75%. However, when integrity was considered, observed survivorship at all sites, declined to 42% (range 10-54%). Conclusions: More than half, 58%, of the LLINs fell into the 'needs replacement' category after two years. While these nets were counted for survivorship, they were judged to be of little-to-no benefit to a user. Therefore, when integrity was taken into account, survivorship was significantly lower than predicted, suggesting that net serviceable life was actually closer to two, rather than three years, and, by extension, that the impact of the intervention during year three of the LLIN distribution-replacement cycle could be well below that seen in years one and two. C1 [Hakizimana, Emmanuel; Cyubahiro, Beatus; Rukundo, Alphonse; Kabayiza, Allan; Mutabazi, Alphonse; Karema, Corine] Minist Hlth, Rwanda Biomed Ctr, Malaria & Other Parasit Dis Div, Kigali, Rwanda. [Beach, Raymond] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Patel, Roopal; Tongren, Jon E.] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Ctr Dis Control, Kigali, Rwanda. [Hakizimana, Emmanuel] Wageningen Univ, Entomol Lab, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Beach, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rfb1@cdc.gov FU Government of Rwanda; President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) via the Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development (USAID); Global Fund malaria SSF FX Our thanks are addressed to the Ministry of Health, local leaders, health providers, community health workers and residents at the LLIN monitoring sites. This work was supported by the Government of Rwanda and funded by the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) via the Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Global Fund malaria SSF. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government of Rwanda or USAID. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 13 AR 344 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-13-344 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA AP0CX UT WOS:000341729700001 PM 25174414 ER PT J AU Rutta, E Tarimo, A Delmotte, E James, I Mwakisu, S Kasembe, D Konduri, N Silumbe, R Kakanda, K Valimba, R AF Rutta, E. Tarimo, A. Delmotte, E. James, I. Mwakisu, S. Kasembe, D. Konduri, N. Silumbe, R. Kakanda, K. Valimba, R. TI Understanding private retail drug outlet dispenser knowledge and practices in tuberculosis care in Tanzania SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE pharmacy; public-private partnerships; referral and consultation; drug seller ID DAR-ES-SALAAM; PHARMACIES AB SETTING: Private sector accredited drug dispensing outlets in Morogoro and pharmacies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. OBJECTIVE: To assess 1) the level of knowledge about tuberculosis (TB) among dispensers in Tanzania's retail pharmaceutical sector; 2) practices related to identification of patients with suspected TB; 3) the availability of educational materials and training; and 4) the availability of first-and second-line anti-tuberculosis treatment in retail drug outlets. DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive study involving the administration of a structured questionnaire among drug dispensers in 122 pharmacies and 173 accredited drug dispensing outlets. RESULTS: Private retail drug outlets are convenient; most are open at least 12 h per day, 7 days/week. Although 95% of dispensers identified persistent cough as a symptom of TB, only 1% had received TB-related training in the previous 3 years; 8% of outlets stocked first-line anti-tuberculosis medicines, which are legally prohibited from being sold at retail outlets. The majority of respondents reported seeing clients with TB-like symptoms, and of these 95% reported frequently referring clients to nearby health facilities. CONCLUSION: Private retail pharmaceutical outlets can potentially contribute to TB case detection and treatment; however, a coordinated effort is needed to train dispensers and implement appropriate referral procedures. C1 [Rutta, E.; Delmotte, E.; Konduri, N.; Kakanda, K.] US Agcy Int Dev, Ctr Pharmaceut Management, Arlington, VA USA. [Tarimo, A.; Kasembe, D.] Tanzania Natl TB & Leprosy Control, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [James, I.] Georgetown Univ, Ctr Pharmaceut Management Intern, Arlington, VA USA. [Mwakisu, S.; Valimba, R.] Management Sci Hlth, Ctr Pharmaceut Management, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Silumbe, R.] Tanzania Pharm Council, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Rutta, E (reprint author), Management Sci Hlth, Suite 400,4301 North Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA 22204 USA. EM erutta@msh.org OI Konduri, Niranjan/0000-0002-6828-1182 FU US Agency for International Development (USAID, Washington DC, USA) [AID-OAA-A-11-00021] FX This work was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the US Agency for International Development (USAID, Washington DC, USA) Cooperative Agreement Number AID-OAA-A-11-00021. No funding bodies had any role in the study design, data collection, analysis, or decision to publish. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of Management Sciences for Health, the Systems for Improved Access to Pharmaceutical and Services Program, the USAID or the US Government. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 EI 1815-7920 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1108 EP 1113 DI 10.5588/ijtld.14.0020 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA AO4CM UT WOS:000341283800017 PM 25189561 ER PT J AU Manzi, A Munyaneza, F Mujawase, F Banamwana, L Sayinzoga, F Thomson, DR Ntaganira, J Hedt-Gauthier, BL AF Manzi, Anatole Munyaneza, Fabien Mujawase, Francisca Banamwana, Leonidas Sayinzoga, Felix Thomson, Dana R. Ntaganira, Joseph Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany L. TI Assessing predictors of delayed antenatal care visits in Rwanda: a secondary analysis of Rwanda demographic and health survey 2010 SO BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH LA English DT Article DE Antenatal care; Delayed; Demographic survey; Rwanda; Predictors ID PREGNANT-WOMEN; SERVICES; ETHIOPIA; UGANDA AB Background: Early initiation of antenatal care (ANC) can reduce common maternal complications and maternal and perinatal mortality. Though Rwanda demonstrated a remarkable decline in maternal mortality and 98% of Rwandan women receive antenatal care from a skilled provider, only 38% of women have an ANC visit in their first three months of pregnancy. This study assessed factors associated with delayed ANC in Rwanda. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using data collected during the 2010 Rwanda DHS from 6,325 women age 15-49 that had at least one birth in the last five years. Factors associated with delayed ANC were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model using manual backward stepwise regression. Analysis was conducted in Stata v12 applying survey commands to account for the complex sample design. Results: Several factors were significantly associated with delayed ANC including having many children (4-6 children, OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.65; or more than six children, OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.99); feeling that distance to health facility is a problem (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.38); and unwanted pregnancy (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.58). The following were protective against delayed ANC: having an ANC at a private hospital or clinic (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.56); being married (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.96), and having public mutuelle health insurance (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.92) or another type of insurance (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.46). Conclusion: This analysis revealed potential barriers to ANC service utilization. Distance to health facility remains a major constraint which suggests a great need of infrastructure and decentralization of maternal ANC to health posts and dispensaries. Interventions such as universal health insurance coverage, family planning, and community maternal health system are underway and could be part of effective strategies to address delays in ANC. C1 [Manzi, Anatole; Munyaneza, Fabien; Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany L.] Partners Hlth, Kigali, Rwanda. [Manzi, Anatole; Munyaneza, Fabien; Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany L.] Partners Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Manzi, Anatole; Munyaneza, Fabien; Ntaganira, Joseph; Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany L.] Univ Rwanda, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Kigali, Rwanda. [Mujawase, Francisca] US Agcy Int Dev, Dev Alternat Inc, Kigali, Rwanda. [Banamwana, Leonidas; Sayinzoga, Felix] Govt Rwanda, Minist Hlth, Kigali, Rwanda. [Thomson, Dana R.; Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Global Hlth & Social Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Manzi, A (reprint author), Partners Hlth, Kigali, Rwanda. EM mangano2020@gmail.com FU African Health Initiative of the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation; Department of Global Health and Social Medicine Research Core at Harvard Medical School FX This study was completed as part of training in survey sampling and DHS analysis developed and led by DT and BHG and sponsored by funds from the African Health Initiative of the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. Additional technical support was provided from Partners In Health, National University of Rwanda, School of Public Health and Rwanda Ministry of Health. DT and BHG received support from the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine Research Core at Harvard Medical School to participate in this study. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2393 J9 BMC PREGNANCY CHILDB JI BMC Pregnancy Childbirth PD AUG 28 PY 2014 VL 14 AR 290 DI 10.1186/1471-2393-14-290 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA AO0BF UT WOS:000340973300001 PM 25163525 ER PT J AU Ashengo, TA Grund, J Mhlanga, M Hlophe, T Mirira, M Bock, N Njeuhmeli, E Curran, K Mallas, E Fitzgerald, L Shoshore, R Moyo, K Bicego, G AF Ashengo, Tigistu Adamu Grund, Jonathan Mhlanga, Masitsela Hlophe, Thabo Mirira, Munamato Bock, Naomi Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Curran, Kelly Mallas, Elizabeth Fitzgerald, Laura Shoshore, Rhoy Moyo, Khumbulani Bicego, George TI Feasibility and validity of telephone triage for adverse events during a voluntary medical male circumcision campaign in Swaziland SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HIV PREVENTION; FOLLOW-UP; SAFETY; RISK; METAANALYSIS; ATTENDANCE; INFECTION; UGANDA; RAKAI AB Background: Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) reduces HIV acquisition among heterosexual men by approximately 60%. VMMC is a surgical procedure and some adverse events (AEs) are expected. Swaziland's Ministry of Health established a toll-free hotline to provide general information about VMMC and to manage post-operative clinical AEs through telephone triage. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a dataset of telephone calls logged by the VMMC hotline during a VMMC campaign. The objectives were to determine reasons clients called the VMMC hotline and to ascertain the accuracy of telephone-based triage for VMMC AEs. We then analyzed VMMC service delivery data that included date of surgery, AE type and severity, as diagnosed by a VMMC clinician as part of routine post-operative follow-up. Both datasets were de-identified and did not contain any personal identifiers. Proportions of AEs were calculated from the call data and from VMMC service delivery data recorded by health facilities. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the accuracy of phone-based triage compared to clinically confirmed AEs. Results: A total of 17,059 calls were registered by the triage nurses from April to December 2011. Calls requesting VMMC education and counseling totaled 12,492 (73.2%) and were most common. Triage nurses diagnosed 384 clients with 420 (2.5%) AEs. According to the predefined clinical algorithms, all moderate and severe AEs (153) diagnosed through telephone-triage were referred for clinical management at a health facility. Clinicians at the VMMC sites diagnosed 341 (4.1%) total clients as having a mild (46.0%), moderate (47.8%), or severe (6.2%) AE. Eighty-nine (26%) of the 341 clients who were diagnosed with AEs by clinicians at a VMMC site had initially called the VMMC hotline. The telephone-based triage system had a sensitivity of 69%, a positive predictive value of 83%, and a negative predictive value of 48% for screening moderate or severe AEs of all the AEs. Conclusions: The use of a telephone-based triage system may be an appropriate first step to identify life-threatening and urgent complications following VMMC surgery. C1 [Ashengo, Tigistu Adamu; Curran, Kelly; Fitzgerald, Laura] Johns Hopkins Univ, Maternal & Child Hlth Integrated Program, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Ashengo, Tigistu Adamu; Curran, Kelly; Fitzgerald, Laura] Johns Hopkins Univ, Jhpiego, Washington, DC USA. [Grund, Jonathan; Bock, Naomi; Bicego, George] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mhlanga, Masitsela; Hlophe, Thabo] Minist Hlth, Lobamba, Mbabane, Swaziland. [Mirira, Munamato] US Agcy Int Dev, Lobamba, Mbabane, Swaziland. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Mallas, Elizabeth] Futures Grp Inc, Lobamba, Mbabane, Swaziland. [Shoshore, Rhoy] Family Life Assoc Swaziland, Lobamba, Mbabane, Swaziland. [Moyo, Khumbulani] Populat Serv Int, Lobamba, Mbabane, Swaziland. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Ashengo, TA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Maternal & Child Hlth Integrated Program, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM tadamu@jhpiego.net FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [UPS-001-790]; United States Agency for International Development (USAID) [674-A-00-11-00005-00] FX This research has been supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) under the terms of the Cooperative Agreement Number UPS-001-790 and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the terms of Cooperative Agreement Number: 674-A-00-11-00005-00. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the funding agencies. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD AUG 18 PY 2014 VL 14 AR 858 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-14-858 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AN9WY UT WOS:000340961100003 PM 25134856 ER PT J AU Lettenmaier, C Kraft, JM Raisanen, K Serlemitsos, E AF Lettenmaier, Cheryl Kraft, Joan Marie Raisanen, Keris Serlemitsos, Elizabeth TI HIV Communication Capacity Strengthening: A Critical Review SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Review DE capacity building; capacity strengthening; social and behavior change communication; health communication; strategic communication; HIV/AIDS ID HEALTH-PROMOTION; HIV/AIDS; PREVENTION; PARTNERSHIP; CAMPAIGNS; PROGRESS AB HIV communication is most effective and sustainable when it is designed and implemented locally and tailored to the local context. This requires capacity strengthening at national, subnational, and community levels. Through a review of the published and selected "grey" literature, we examine HIV communication capacity strengthening: definitions, measurements, implementation, and effects. We found limited documentation of HIV communication capacity needs or systematic approaches to address them. Most HIV communication capacity strengthening to date has focused on building individual competencies to design and manage social and behavior change communication programs through training courses, often coupled with networking opportunities for participants, post-training mentoring, and technical assistance. A few of these efforts have been evaluated through pre- and post-training tests and qualitative interviews with participants and have shown potential for improvement in individual skills and knowledge. Health communication capacity assessment tools that measure individual and organizational competencies exist, but they have most often been used to identify capacity building needs, not for evaluating capacity strengthening efforts. A new definition of capacity strengthening, grown out of recent efforts to improve effectiveness of international health and development programs, focuses on improving organizational and societal systems that support performance and individual competencies. We propose a holistic model for HIV communication capacity strengthening and call for rigorous documentation and evaluation to determine and scale-up optimal capacity building interventions for strengthening social and behavior change communication for HIV prevention, care, and treatment in developing countries. C1 [Lettenmaier, Cheryl; Raisanen, Keris; Serlemitsos, Elizabeth] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Commun Programs, Dept Hlth Behav & Soc, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Kraft, Joan Marie] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Lettenmaier, C (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Commun Programs, 111 Market Pl,Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM cheryll@jhuccpug.org NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 66 SU 3 BP S300 EP S305 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA AL3QK UT WOS:000339043300009 PM 25007200 ER PT J AU Storey, D Seifert-Ahanda, K Andaluz, A Tsoi, B Matsuki, JM Cutler, B AF Storey, Douglas Seifert-Ahanda, Kim Andaluz, Adriana Tsoi, Benjamin Matsuki, Jennifer Medina Cutler, Blayne TI What Is Health Communication and How Does It Affect the HIV/AIDS Continuum of Care? A Brief Primer and Case Study From New York City SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE communication; health communication; HIV prevention; behavior change; continuum of care; ideation ID MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; META-ANALYSIS; CONDOM USE; PREVENTION; MEDIA; INFECTION AB This article responds to key questions related to health communication that are commonly asked in the HIV/AIDS arena: "What is health communication?"; "What is its role beyond HIV prevention?"; and "How can it be used to achieve better HIV/AIDS outcomes?" We review how communication scientists think about their own discipline and build on a basic definition of communication as a fundamental human process without which most individual, group, organizational, and societal activities could not happen, including how people think about and respond to health issues such as HIV and AIDS. Diverse factors and processes that drive human behavior are reviewed, including the concept of ideation (what people know, think, and feel about particular behaviors) and the influence of communication at multiple levels of a social ecological system. Four main functions of communication-information seeking and delivery, persuasion, social connection and structural/cultural expression and maintenance-are linked to a modified version of the Department of Health and Human Services Continuum of Care and are used to conceptualize ways in which communication can achieve better HIV/AIDS outcomes. The article provides examples of how communication complements other types of interventions across the HIV/AIDS continuum of care and has effects on HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, social norms, risk perceptions, service delivery quality, and behavioral decisions that affect if and when the virus is transmitted, when and where testing and care are sought, and how well adherence to antiretroviral therapy is maintained. We illustrate this approach with a case study of HIV/AIDS communication conducted by the New York City Health Department during 2005-2013. C1 [Storey, Douglas] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Pub Hlth, Ctr Commun Programs, Dept Hlth Behav & Soc, Baltimore, MD USA. [Seifert-Ahanda, Kim] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Andaluz, Adriana; Tsoi, Benjamin; Matsuki, Jennifer Medina; Cutler, Blayne] Bur HIV AIDS Prevent & Control, Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. RP Storey, D (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Pub Hlth, Ctr Commun Programs, 111 Market Pl,Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM dstorey@jhu.edu NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 66 SU 3 BP S241 EP S249 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA AL3QK UT WOS:000339043300002 PM 25007193 ER PT J AU Huesing, J Anderson, P Chapotin, SM McMurdy, J Rickard, C Spencer, P AF Huesing, Joseph Anderson, Paul Chapotin, Sahara Moon McMurdy, John Rickard, Craig Spencer, Paul TI Regulatory structure to support public private partnerships SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Huesing, Joseph; Chapotin, Sahara Moon] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Food Secur, Div Res, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Anderson, Paul; McMurdy, John] Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, Biosafety Resource Network, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. [Rickard, Craig] CropLife Int, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Spencer, Paul] USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, Off Agr Affairs, Berlin, Germany. EM jhuesing@usaid.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 723-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165101184 ER PT J AU Mason, E McDougall, L Lawn, JE Gupta, A Claeson, M Pillay, Y Presern, C Lukong, MB Mann, G Wijnroks, M Azad, K Taylor, K Beattie, A Bhutta, ZA Chopra, M AF Mason, Elizabeth McDougall, Lori Lawn, Joy E. Gupta, Anuradha Claeson, Mariam Pillay, Yogan Presern, Carole Lukong, Martina Baye Mann, Gillian Wijnroks, Marijke Azad, Kishwar Taylor, Katherine Beattie, Allison Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Chopra, Mickey CA Lancet Every Newborn Study Grp Every Newborn Steering Comm TI From evidence to action to deliver a healthy start for the next generation SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID NEWBORN SURVIVAL; GLOBAL HEALTH; CHILD HEALTH; CARE; STILLBIRTHS; FACILITIES; DEATHS; BIRTH; NEPAL; SAVE AB Remarkable progress has been made towards halving of maternal deaths and deaths of children aged 1-59 months, although the task is incomplete. Newborn deaths and stillbirths were largely invisible in the Millennium Development Goals, and have continued to fall between maternal and child health efforts, with much slower reduction. This Series and the Every Newborn Action Plan outline mortality goals for newborn babies (ten or fewer per 1000 livebirths) and stillbirths (ten or fewer per 1000 total births) by 2035, aligning with A Promise Renewed target for children and the vision of Every Woman Every Child. To focus political attention and improve performance, goals for newborn babies and stillbirths must be recognised in the post-2015 framework, with corresponding accountability mechanisms. The four previous papers in this Every Newborn Series show the potential for a triple return on investment around the time of birth: averting maternal and newborn deaths and preventing stillbirths. Beyond survival, being counted and optimum nutrition and development is a human right for all children, including those with disabilities. Improved human capital brings economic productivity. Efforts to reach every woman and every newborn baby, close gaps in coverage, and improve equity and quality for antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal care, especially in the poorest countries and for underserved populations, need urgent attention. We have prioritised what needs to be done differently on the basis of learning from the past decade about what has worked, and what has not. Needed now are four most important shifts: (1) intensification of political attention and leadership; (2) promotion of parent voice, supporting women, families, and communities to speak up for their newborn babies and to challenge social norms that accept these deaths as inevitable; (3) investment for effect on mortality outcome as well as harmonisation of funding; (4) implementation at scale, with particular attention to increasing of health worker numbers and skills with attention to high-quality childbirth care for newborn babies as well as mothers and children; and (5) evaluation, tracking coverage of priority interventions and packages of care with clear accountability to accelerate progress and reach the poorest groups. The Every Newborn Action Plan provides an evidence-based roadmap towards care for every woman, and a healthy start for every newborn baby, with a right to be counted, survive, and thrive wherever they are born. C1 [Mason, Elizabeth] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [McDougall, Lori; Presern, Carole] Partnership Maternal Newborn & Child Hlth, Geneva, Switzerland. [Lawn, Joy E.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. [Lawn, Joy E.] Save Children, Saving Newborn Lives, Cape Town, South Africa. [Lawn, Joy E.] Res & Evidence Div, London, England. [Mann, Gillian; Beattie, Allison] Dept Int Dev, London, England. [Gupta, Anuradha] Govt India, Minist Hlth & Family Welf, New Delhi, India. [Claeson, Mariam] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. [Pillay, Yogan] Govt South Africa, Dept Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa. [Lukong, Martina Baye] Govt Cameroon, Minist Publ Hlth, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Wijnroks, Marijke] Global Fund Fight AIDS TB & Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland. [Azad, Kishwar] Diabet Assoc Bangladesh, Perinatal Care Project, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Taylor, Katherine] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.] Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Excellence Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan. [Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.] Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Chopra, Mickey] UNICEF, New York, NY USA. RP Mason, E (reprint author), WHO, Dept Maternal Newborn Child & Adolescent Hlth, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM masone@who.int FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX No specific funding was received for the work in this paper, but the Every Newborn Action Plan and The Lancet Every Newborn Series process and products are funded through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to the US Fund for UNICEF. The content of this paper does not necessarily reflect the views of the author's organisations. We appreciate the valuable contributions of Every Newborn teams to the conceptual development and review of this paper including the Study Group, the Steering team, and the Advisory Group, as well as the many individuals, governments, and organisations that have given their ideas and criticism to strengthen the content. We particularly acknowledge the contributions of Rajiv Bahl, John Borrazzo, Bernadette Daelmans, Lily Kak, Viviana Mangiaterra, Lee Pyne-Mercier, Mathilde Pinto, Juana Willumsen, and Severin von Xylander. We thank Anshu Mohan and Shyama Kuruvilla for the help with the India panel presented in this paper, and to the Every Newborn metrics working group for its development of the impact framework, milestones, and indicators presented in this paper; members of the Every Newborn metrics working group include Joy E Lawn, Matthews Mathai, Aline Simen Kapeu, Suzanne Fournier, John Grove, as well as Lara Vaz and Kate Kerber for the Newborn Indicators Technical Working Group, with the support of Hannah Blencowe. NR 61 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 2 PY 2014 VL 384 IS 9941 BP 455 EP 467 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60750-9 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AM9IV UT WOS:000340195800028 PM 24853599 ER PT J AU Beniston, JW DuPont, ST Glover, JD Lal, R Dungait, JAJ AF Beniston, Joshua W. DuPont, S. Tianna Glover, Jerry D. Lal, Rattan Dungait, Jennifer A. J. TI Soil organic carbon dynamics 75 years after land-use change in perennial grassland and annual wheat agricultural systems SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Soil organic carbon; Tallgrass prairie grassland; Deep-rooting perennial; Soil carbon turnover; Subsoil; Soil particle size fractionation ID C-13 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONS; SUBSOIL HORIZONS; STABILIZATION MECHANISMS; MATTER TURNOVER; DEEP SOIL; SEQUESTRATION; CULTIVATION; MANAGEMENT; FOREST AB The dynamics of roots and soil organic carbon (SOC) in deeper soil layers are amongst the least well understood components of the global C cycle, but essential if soil C is to be managed effectively. This study utilized a unique set of land-use pairings of harvested tallgrass prairie grasslands (C-4) and annual wheat croplands (C-3) that were under continuous management for 75 years to investigate and compare the storage, turnover and allocation of SOC in the two systems to 1 m depth. Cropland soils contained 25 % less SOC than grassland soils (115 and 153 Mg C ha(-1), respectively) to 1 m depth, and had lower SOC contents in all particle size fractions (2000-250, 250-53, 53-2 and < 2 mu m), which nominally correspond to SOC pools with different stability. Soil bulk delta C-13 values also indicated the significant turnover of grassland-derived SOC up to 80 cm depth in cropland soils in all fractions, including deeper (> 40 cm) layers and mineral-associated (< 53 mu m) SOC. Grassland soils had significantly more visible root biomass C than cropland soils (3.2 and 0.6 Mg ha(-1), respectively) and microbial biomass C (3.7 and 1.3 Mg ha(-1), respectively) up to 1 m depth. The outcomes of this study demonstrated that: (i) SOC pools that are perceived to be stable, i.e. subsoil and mineral-associated SOC, are affected by land-use change; and, (ii) managed perennial grasslands contained larger SOC stocks and exhibited much larger C allocations to root and microbial pools than annual croplands throughout the soil profile. C1 [Beniston, Joshua W.; Lal, Rattan] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [DuPont, S. Tianna] Penn State Univ, Nazareth, PA 18064 USA. [Glover, Jerry D.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Food Secur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Dungait, Jennifer A. J.] Rothamsted Res North Wyke, Dept Sustainable Syst & Grassland Sci, Okehampton EX20 2SB, Devon, England. RP Beniston, JW (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM beniston@nmsu.edu RI Dungait, Jennifer/F-1110-2013 OI Dungait, Jennifer/0000-0001-9074-4174 FU Land Institute's graduate research program FX The authors wish to thank: John Mai for extensive field and laboratory work; Sandy Jones and David Ussiri for assistance with laboratory analyses; and Steve Culman, David W. Hopkins, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful reviews of earlier drafts of the manuscript. A portion of the funding for the study was provided by the The Land Institute's graduate research program. NR 73 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 8 U2 101 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD AUG PY 2014 VL 120 IS 1-3 BP 37 EP 49 DI 10.1007/s10533-014-9980-3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AM5BX UT WOS:000339871700003 ER PT J AU Larson, E Bendavid, E Tuoane-Nkhasi, M Mbengashe, T Goldman, T Wilson, M Klausner, JD AF Larson, Elysia Bendavid, Eran Tuoane-Nkhasi, Maletela Mbengashe, Thobile Goldman, Thurma Wilson, Melinda Klausner, Jeffrey D. TI Population-level associations between antiretroviral therapy scale-up and all-cause mortality in South Africa SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; treatment; antiretroviral therapy; mortality decline; Africa; PEPFAR ID PRESIDENTS EMERGENCY PLAN; AIDS RELIEF; HEALTH; HIV; DEATHS AB Our aim was to describe the association between increasing access to antiretroviral therapy and all-cause mortality in South Africa from 2005 to 2009. We undertook a longitudinal, population-level study, using antiretroviral monitoring data reported by PEPFAR implementing partners and province-level and national all-cause mortality records from Statistics South Africa (provider of official South African government statistics) to analyse the association between antiretroviral therapy and mortality. Using mixed effects models with a random intercept for province, we estimated the contemporaneous and lagging association between antiretroviral therapy and all-cause mortality in South Africa. We also conducted subgroup analyses and estimated the number of deaths averted. For each 100 HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy reported by PEPFAR implementing partners in South African treatment programmes, there was an associated 2.9 fewer deaths that year (95% CI: 1.5, 4.2) and 6.3 fewer deaths the following year (95% CI: 4.6, 8.0). The associated decrease in mortality the year after treatment reporting was seen in both adults and children, and men and women. Treatment provided from 2005 to 2008 was associated with 28,305 deaths averted from 2006 to 2009. The scale-up of antiretroviral therapy in South Africa was associated with a significant reduction in national all-cause mortality. C1 [Larson, Elysia] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Sch Publ Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa. [Bendavid, Eran] Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Goldman, Thurma; Klausner, Jeffrey D.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pretoria, South Africa. [Wilson, Melinda] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Larson, E (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Sch Publ Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa. EM elysia.larson@gmail.com FU US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) FX The data used for this analysis were collected using funding from the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). The funder did not participate in data analysis or the writing of the report. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 EI 1758-1052 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD AUG PY 2014 VL 25 IS 9 BP 636 EP 642 DI 10.1177/0956462413515639 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA AL7QL UT WOS:000339329600003 PM 24352117 ER PT J AU DuPont, S Beniston, J Glover, JD Hodson, A Culman, SW Lal, R Ferris, H AF DuPont, S. T. Beniston, J. Glover, J. D. Hodson, A. Culman, S. W. Lal, R. Ferris, H. TI Root traits and soil properties in harvested perennial grassland, annual wheat, and never-tilled annual wheat SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Sustainable agriculture; Perennial grassland; Root biomass; Root length; Soil food web; Soil carbon; 13C natural abundance ID PLANT FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION; ORGANIC-MATTER; FOOD-WEB; TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; GLOBAL PATTERNS; CARBON; NITROGEN AB Root functional traits are determinants of soil carbon storage; plant productivity; and ecosystem properties. However, few studies look at both annual and perennial roots, soil properties, and productivity in the context of field scale agricultural systems. In Long Term and Conversion studies in North Central Kansas, USA; root biomass and length, soil carbon and nitrogen, microbial biomass, nematode and micro-arthropod communities were measured to a depth of one meter in paired perennial grassland and cropland wheat sites as well as a grassland site that had been converted to cropland using no tillage five years prior. In the Long Term Study root biomass was three to seven times greater (9.4 Mg ha(-1) and 2.5 Mg ha(-1) in May), and root length two times greater (52.5 km m(-)2 and 24.0 km m(-2) in May) in perennial grassland than in cropland. Soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon were larger, numbers of Orbatid mites greater (2084 vs 730 mites m(-2)), and nematode communities more structured (Structure Index 67 vs 59) in perennial grassland versus annual cropland. Improved soil physical and biological properties in perennial grasslands were significantly correlated with larger, deeper root systems. In the Conversion Study root length and biomass, microbial biomass carbon, mite abundance and nematode community structure differed at some but not all dates and depths. Isotope analysis showed that five years after no-till conversion old perennial roots remained in soils of annual wheat fields and that all soil fractions except coarse particulate organic matter were derived from C-4 plants. Significant correlation between larger, longer roots in grasslands compared to annual croplands and improved soil biological, physical and chemical properties suggest that perennial roots are an important factor allowing perennial grasslands to maintain productivity and soil quality with few inputs. Perennial roots may persist and continue to influence soil properties long after conversion to annual systems. C1 [DuPont, S. T.] Penn State Univ, Penn State Extens, Nazareth, PA 18064 USA. [Beniston, J.; Lal, R.] Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. [Glover, J. D.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Food Secur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Hodson, A.; Culman, S. W.] Univ Calif Davis, Agr Sustainabil Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ferris, H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP DuPont, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Penn State Extens, 14 Gracedale Ave, Nazareth, PA 18064 USA. EM tdupont@psu.edu FU Land Institute Fellowship program; Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education [GW07-012] FX We thank John Mai for extensive technical support on this project and Dr. Tim Todd, Kansas State University for graciously granted use of laboratory space. Thanks to Christine Sprunger for review and useful suggestions for this paper. This research was supported in part by the Land Institute Fellowship program and grant number GW07-012 from Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education. NR 82 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 13 U2 109 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD AUG PY 2014 VL 381 IS 1-2 BP 405 EP 420 DI 10.1007/s11104-014-2145-2 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AL7VU UT WOS:000339345400030 ER PT J AU Latifi, R Ziemba, M Leppaniemi, A Dasho, E Dogjani, A Shatri, Z Kociraj, A Oldashi, F Shosha, L AF Latifi, Rifat Ziemba, Michelle Leppaniemi, Ari Dasho, Erion Dogjani, Agron Shatri, Zhaneta Kociraj, Agim Oldashi, Fatos Shosha, Lida TI Trauma System Evaluation in Developing Countries: Applicability of American College of Surgeons/Committee on Trauma (ACS/COT) Basic Criteria SO WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID WORLD; CARE AB Trauma continues to be a major health problem worldwide, particularly in the developing world, with high mortality and morbidity. Yet most developing countries lack an organized trauma system. Furthermore, developing countries do not have in place any accreditation process for trauma centers; thus, no accepted standard assessment tools exist to evaluate their trauma services. The aims of this study were to evaluate the trauma system in Albania, using the basic trauma criteria of the American College of Surgeons/Committee on Trauma (ACS/COT) as assessment tools, and to provide the Government with a situational analysis relative to these criteria. We used the ACS/COT basic criteria as assessment tools to evaluate the trauma system in Albania. We conducted a series of semi-structured interviews, unstructured interviews, and focus groups with all stakeholders at the Ministry of Health, at the University Trauma Hospital (UTH) based in Tirana (the capital city), and at ten regional hospitals across the country. Albania has a dedicated national trauma center that serves as the only tertiary center, plus ten regional hospitals that provide some trauma care. However, overall, its trauma system is in need of major reforms involving all essential elements in order to meet the basic requirements of a structured trauma system. The ACS/COT basic criteria can be used as assessment tools to evaluate trauma care in developing countries. Further studies are needed in other developing countries to validate the applicability of these criteria. C1 [Latifi, Rifat] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Latifi, Rifat] Int Virtual E Hosp Fdn, Oracle, AZ USA. [Ziemba, Michelle] Univ Med Ctr Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Leppaniemi, Ari] Meilahti Hosp, Helsinki, Finland. [Dasho, Erion] Telemed Program Albania, Tirana, Albania. [Dogjani, Agron; Oldashi, Fatos; Shosha, Lida] Univ Trauma Hosp, Tirana, Albania. [Shatri, Zhaneta; Kociraj, Agim] USAID, Tirana, Albania. RP Latifi, R (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM rlatifi@email.arizona.edu FU USAID in Albania, Integrated Telemedicine and e-Health Project [182-A-00-09-00101-00] FX The study was funded by USAID in Albania, Integrated Telemedicine and e-Health Project (Contract No. 182-A-00-09-00101-00). NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-2313 EI 1432-2323 J9 WORLD J SURG JI World J.Surg. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1898 EP 1904 DI 10.1007/s00268-014-2538-7 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA AK7WV UT WOS:000338639300005 PM 24696060 ER PT J AU Ojikutu, B Higgins-Biddle, M Greeson, D Phelps, BR Amzel, A Okechukwu, E Kolapo, U Cabral, H Cooper, E Hirschhorn, LR AF Ojikutu, Bisola Higgins-Biddle, Molly Greeson, Dana Phelps, Benjamin R. Amzel, Anouk Okechukwu, Emeka Kolapo, Usman Cabral, Howard Cooper, Ellen Hirschhorn, Lisa R. TI The Association between Quality of HIV Care, Loss to Follow-Up and Mortality in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Nigeria SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SOUTH-AFRICA; OF-CARE; HIV-1-INFECTED CHILDREN; TREATMENT OUTCOMES; RURAL MOZAMBIQUE; WESTERN KENYA; CLINICAL CARE; HEALTH-CARE; SCALE-UP AB Access to pediatric HIV treatment in resource-limited settings has risen significantly. However, little is known about the quality of care that pediatric or adolescent patients receive. The objective of this study is to explore quality of HIV care and treatment in Nigeria and to determine the association between quality of care, loss-to-follow-up and mortality. A retrospective cohort study was conducted including patients <= 18 years of age who initiated ART between November 2002 and December 2011 at 23 sites across 10 states. 1,516 patients were included. A quality score comprised of 6 process indicators was calculated for each patient. More than half of patients (55.5%) were found to have a high quality score, using the median score as the cut-off. Most patients were screened for tuberculosis at entry into care (81.3%), had adherence measurement and counseling at their last visit (88.7% and 89.7% respectively), and were prescribed co-trimoxazole at some point during enrollment in care (98.8%). Thirty-seven percent received a CD4 count in the six months prior to chart review. Mortality within 90 days of ART initiation was 1.9%. A total of 4.2% of patients died during the period of follow-up (mean: 27 months) with 19.0% lost to follow-up. In multivariate regression analyses, weight for age z-score (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR): 0.90; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.95) and high quality indicator score (compared a low score, AHR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.73) had a protective effect on mortality. Patients with a high quality score were less likely to be lost to follow-up (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 0.42; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.56), compared to those with low score. These findings indicate that providing high quality care to children and adolescents living with HIV is important to improve outcomes, including lowering loss to follow-up and decreasing mortality in this age group. C1 [Ojikutu, Bisola; Higgins-Biddle, Molly] John Snow Inc, Boston, MA 02210 USA. [Ojikutu, Bisola] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Greeson, Dana] Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. [Phelps, Benjamin R.; Amzel, Anouk] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Okechukwu, Emeka] US Agcy Int Dev, Abuja, Nigeria. [Kolapo, Usman] Indepth Precis, Abuja, Nigeria. [Cabral, Howard] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Cooper, Ellen] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Hirschhorn, Lisa R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Global Hlth & Social Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Ojikutu, B (reprint author), John Snow Inc, Boston, MA 02210 USA. EM bojikutu@jsi.com FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Agency for International Development [GHH-I-00-07-00059-00] FX This research has been supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Agency for International Development under the terms of contract no. GHH-I-00-07-00059-00. Bisola Ojikutu and Molly-Higgins Biddle are employed by John Snow Inc. Usman Kolapo is employed by Indepth Precision. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e100039 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0100039 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM7EZ UT WOS:000340028800004 PM 25075742 ER PT J AU Abreha, T Alemayehu, B Tadesse, Y Gebresillassie, S Tadesse, A Demeke, L Zewde, F Habtamu, M Tadesse, M Yadeta, D Teshome, D Mekasha, A Gobena, K Bogale, H Melaku, Z Reithinger, R Teka, H AF Abreha, Tesfay Alemayehu, Bereket Tadesse, Yehualashet Gebresillassie, Sintayehu Tadesse, Abebe Demeke, Leykun Zewde, Fanuel Habtamu, Meseret Tadesse, Mekonnen Yadeta, Damtew Teshome, Dawit Mekasha, Addis Gobena, Kedir Bogale, Henock Melaku, Zenebe Reithinger, Richard Teka, Hiwot TI Malaria diagnostic capacity in health facilities in Ethiopia SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY; TANZANIA; SYSTEMS; PERCEPTION; QUALITY; PROGRAM; AFRICA; UGANDA; ZAMBIA; CARE AB Background: Accurate early diagnosis and prompt treatment is one of the key strategies to control and prevent malaria in Ethiopia where both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are sympatric and require different treatment regimens. Microscopy is the standard for malaria diagnosis at the health centres and hospitals whereas rapid diagnostic tests are used at community-level health posts. The current study was designed to assess malaria microscopy capacity of health facilities in Oromia Regional State and Dire Dawa Administrative City, Ethiopia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2011 in 122 health facilities, where health professionals were interviewed using a pre-tested, standardized assessment tool and facilities' laboratory practices were assessed by direct observation. Results: Of the 122 assessed facilities, 104 (85%) were health centres and 18 (15%) were hospitals. Out of 94 health facilities reportedly performing blood films, only 34 (36%) used both thin and thick smears for malaria diagnosis. The quality of stained slides was graded in 66 health facilities as excellent, good and poor quality in 11(17%), 31 (47%) and 24 (36%) respectively. Quality assurance guidelines and malaria microscopy standard operating procedures were found in only 13 (11%) facilities and 12 (10%) had involved in external quality assessment activities, and 32 (26%) had supportive supervision within six months of the survey. Only seven (6%) facilities reported at least one staff's participation in malaria microscopy refresher training during the previous 12 months. Although most facilities, 96 (79%), had binocular microscopes, only eight (7%) had the necessary reagents and supplies to perform malaria microscopy. Treatment guidelines for malaria were available in only 38 (31%) of the surveyed facilities. Febrile patients with negative malaria laboratory test results were managed with artemether-lumefantrine or chloroquine in 51% (53/104) of assessed health facilities. Conclusions: The current study indicated that most of the health facilities had basic infrastructure and equipment to perform malaria laboratory diagnosis but with significant gaps in continuous laboratory supplies and reagents, and lack of training and supportive supervision. Overcoming these gaps will be critical to ensure that malaria laboratory diagnosis is of high-quality for better patient management. C1 [Abreha, Tesfay; Tadesse, Yehualashet; Gebresillassie, Sintayehu; Tadesse, Abebe; Demeke, Leykun; Zewde, Fanuel; Habtamu, Meseret; Tadesse, Mekonnen; Melaku, Zenebe] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, ICAP, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Alemayehu, Bereket] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, ICAP, New York, NY USA. [Yadeta, Damtew; Teshome, Dawit; Mekasha, Addis; Gobena, Kedir] Oromia Reg Hlth Bur, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Bogale, Henock] Dire Dawa Reg Hlth Bur, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. [Reithinger, Richard] RTI Int, Washington, DC USA. [Reithinger, Richard; Teka, Hiwot] USAID Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Teka, H (reprint author), USAID Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM hiwtek@yahoo.com FU US President's Malaria Initiative through the US Agency for International Development under the Malaria Laboratory Diagnosis and Monitoring Project [663-A-00-08-00433-00]; Oromia Regional Health Bureau FX We are grateful for the support of Oromia Regional Health Bureau and management of health facilities involved in the survey. We are also thankful to Joseph Malone and Jimee Hwang (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) for making valuable comments on our manuscript. The work described herein has been supported by the US President's Malaria Initiative through the US Agency for International Development under the Malaria Laboratory Diagnosis and Monitoring Project (Agreement Number: 663-A-00-08-00433-00). The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and may not reflect the position of their employing organizations nor of their work's sources of funding. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JUL 29 PY 2014 VL 13 AR 292 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-13-292 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA AN5MN UT WOS:000340635600001 PM 25073561 ER PT J AU Gupta, S Yamada, G Mpembeni, R Frumence, G Callaghan-Koru, JA Stevenson, R Brandes, N Baqui, AH AF Gupta, Shivam Yamada, Goro Mpembeni, Rose Frumence, Gasto Callaghan-Koru, Jennifer A. Stevenson, Raz Brandes, Neal Baqui, Abdullah H. TI Factors Associated with Four or More Antenatal Care Visits and Its Decline among Pregnant Women in Tanzania between 1999 and 2010 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID POSTNATAL CARE; SERVICES; PERSPECTIVES; QUALITY; INDIA; DETERMINANTS; BEHAVIOR; AFRICA; ACCESS; IMPACT AB In Tanzania, the coverage of four or more antenatal care (ANC 4) visits among pregnant women has declined over time. We conducted an exploratory analysis to identify factors associated with utilization of ANC 4 and ANC 4 decline among pregnant women over time. We used data from 8035 women who delivered within two years preceding Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 1999, 2004/05 and 2010. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between all potential factors and utilization of ANC 4; and decline in ANC 4 over time. Factors positively associated with ANC 4 utilization were higher quality of services, testing and counseling for HIV during ANC, receiving two or more doses of SP (Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine)/Fansidar for preventing malaria during ANC and higher educational status of the woman. Negatively associated factors were residing in a zone other than Eastern zone, never married woman, reported long distance to health facility, first ANC visit after four months of pregnancy and woman's desire to avoid pregnancy. The factors significantly associated with decline in utilization of ANC 4 were: geographic zone and age of the woman at delivery. Strategies to increase ANC 4 utilization should focus on improvement in quality of care, geographic accessibility, early ANC initiation, and services that allow women to avoid pregnancy. The interconnected nature of the Tanzanian Health System is reflected in ANC 4 decline over time where introduction of new programs might have had unintended effects on existing programs. An in-depth assessment of the recent policy change towards Focused Antenatal Care and its implementation across different geographic zones, including its effect on the perception and understanding among women and performance and counseling by health providers can help explain the decline in ANC 4. C1 [Gupta, Shivam; Yamada, Goro; Callaghan-Koru, Jennifer A.; Baqui, Abdullah H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Mpembeni, Rose; Frumence, Gasto] Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Stevenson, Raz] US Agcy Int Dev, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Brandes, Neal] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Gupta, S (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM sgupta23@jhu.edu FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through the Health Research Challenge for Impact (HRC) Cooperative Agreement [GHS-A-00-09-00004-00] FX This study was supported by United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through the Health Research Challenge for Impact (HRC) Cooperative Agreement (#GHS-A-00-09-00004-00). The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 18 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e101893 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0101893 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM1OC UT WOS:000339615200027 PM 25036291 ER PT J AU Darmstadt, GL Kinney, MV Chopra, M Cousens, S Kak, L Paul, VK Martines, J Bhutta, ZA Lawn, JE AF Darmstadt, Gary L. Kinney, Mary V. Chopra, Mickey Cousens, Simon Kak, Lily Paul, Vinod K. Martines, Jose Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Lawn, Joy E. CA Lancet Every Newborn Study Grp TI Who has been caring for the baby? SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; NEWBORN SURVIVAL; FUTURE IMPLICATIONS; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; NEONATAL SURVIVAL; CHILD-MORTALITY; POLITICAL PRIORITY; MATERNAL MORTALITY; GLOBAL HEALTH; DECADE AB Nearly a decade ago, The Lancet published the Neonatal Survival Series, with an ambitious call for integration of newborn care across the continuum of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health and nutrition (RMNCH). In this first of five papers in the Every Newborn Series, we consider what has changed during this decade, assessing progress on the basis of a systematic policy heuristic including agenda-setting, policy formulation and adoption, leadership and partnership, implementation, and evaluation of effect. Substantial progress has been made in agenda setting and policy formulation for newborn health, as witnessed by the shift from maternal and child health to maternal, newborn, and child health as a standard. However, investment and large-scale implementation have been disappointingly small, especially in view of the size of the burden and potential for rapid change and synergies throughout the RMNCH continuum. Moreover, stillbirths remain invisible on the global health agenda. Hence that progress in improvement of newborn survival and reduction of stillbirths lags behind that of maternal mortality and deaths for children aged 1-59 months is not surprising. Faster progress is possible, but with several requirements: clear communication of the interventions with the greatest effect and how to overcome bottlenecks for scale-up; national leadership, and technical capacity to integrate and implement these interventions; global coordination of partners, especially within countries, in provision of technical assistance and increased funding; increased domestic investment in newborn health, and access to specific commodities and equipment where needed; better data to monitor progress, with local data used for programme improvement; and accountability for results at all levels, including demand from communities and mortality targets in the post-2015 framework. Who will step up during the next decade to ensure decision making in countries leads to implementation of stillbirth and newborn health interventions within RMNCH programmes? C1 [Darmstadt, Gary L.] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Global Dev Div, Seattle, WA 98102 USA. [Kinney, Mary V.; Lawn, Joy E.] Save Children, Saving Newborn Lives, Cape Town, South Africa. [Chopra, Mickey] UNICEF, New York, NY USA. [Cousens, Simon; Lawn, Joy E.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1, England. [Cousens, Simon; Lawn, Joy E.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Ctr Maternal Reprod & Child Hlth, London WC1, England. [Kak, Lily] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Paul, Vinod K.] All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India. [Martines, Jose] WHO, Dept Maternal Newborn Child & Adolescent Hlth, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Martines, Jose] Univ Bergen, Ctr Int Hlth, Ctr Intervent Sci Maternal & Child Hlth, Bergen, Norway. [Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.] Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.] Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Excellence Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan. [Lawn, Joy E.] Dept Int Dev, Res & Evidence Div, London, England. RP Darmstadt, GL (reprint author), Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Global Dev Div, POB 23350, Seattle, WA 98102 USA. EM Gary.Darmstadt@GatesFoundation.org FU Children's Investment Fund Foundation; USAID; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX No specific funding was received for the work in this paper, but the Every Newborn Action Plan and the Every Newborn Lancet Series process and products are funded through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to the US Fund for UNICEF and from USAID; the epidemiological and official development assistance analyses were funded by a grant to the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine from the Children's Investment Fund Foundation and by a grant to the Aga Khan University from USAID. The time of JEL and MVK was funded by Saving Newborn Lives, Save the Children, through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. We thank John Grove for inputs towards the policy change assessment method, Sarah Henry for her assistance in development of timeline (figure 3) and global architecture figures (appendix), and Hannah Blencowe and Marek Lalli for assistance with compiling of the data in the table and figure 5. We acknowledge the work of Igor Rudan to compile data on newborn and stillbirth publications, and thank Marek Lalli for updating this analysis. We acknowledge the Countdown to 2015 economist team at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine for sharing previous official development assistance analyses, particularly Catherine Pitt and Justine Hsu, and we are especially grateful to Marek Lalli for the official development assistance analyses. We also thank Al Bartlett, David Oot, and the Saving Newborn Lives team at Save the Children, and the 150 policy and programme experts who were authors from the five countries on the Decade of Change for Newborn Survival analyses published in Health Policy and Planning, who informed our synthesis of learning on implementation. We acknowledge Kim Dickson and colleagues at UNICEF for provision of data on countries with national plans and mortality reduction targets. Jim Larson, Gabriel Sedman, and Joel Segre contributed to the figure on adoption of global health innovations (appendix). We are grateful to Jeremy Shiffman, Ann Starrs, and Bob Black for their reviews and critical insights, and to Hannah Blencowe, Mariam Claeson, Kate Kerber, Elizabeth Mason, and Lori McDougal for helpful critiques of the paper. NR 113 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 12 PY 2014 VL 384 IS 9938 BP 174 EP 188 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60458-X PG 15 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AL1YC UT WOS:000338921500037 PM 24853603 ER PT J AU Burgert, CR Bradley, SEK Arnold, F Eckert, E AF Burgert, Clara R. Bradley, Sarah E. K. Arnold, Fred Eckert, Erin TI Improving estimates of insecticide-treated mosquito net coverage from household surveys: using geographic coordinates to account for endemicity SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs); Malaria interventions; Intervention coverage; Demographic and Health Survey (DHS); Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS); Roll Back Malaria (RBM); Global Positioning System (GPS); Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Endemicity; Malaria Atlas Project (MAP) ID MALARIA CONTROL; PROGRESS; CHILDREN; NIGERIA; EQUITY AB Background: Coverage estimates of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are often calculated at the national level, but are intended to be a proxy for coverage among the population at risk of malaria. The analysis uses data for surveyed households, linking survey enumeration areas (clusters) with levels of malaria endemicity and adjusting coverage estimates based on the population at risk. This analysis proposes an approach that is not dependent on being able to identify malaria risk in a location during the survey design (since survey samples are typically selected on the basis of census sampling frames that do not include information on malaria zones), but rather being able to assign risk zones after a survey has already been completed. Methods: The analysis uses data from 20 recent nationally representative Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), Malaria Indicator Surveys (MIS), an AIDS Indicator Survey (AIS), and an Anemia and Malaria Prevalence Survey (AMP). The malaria endemicity classification was assigned from the Malaria Atlas Project (MAP) 2010 interpolated data layers, using the Geographic Positioning System (GPS) location of the survey clusters. National ITN coverage estimates were compared with coverage estimates in intermediate/high endemicity zones (i.e., the population at risk of malaria) to determine whether the difference between estimates was statistically different from zero (p-value < 0.5). Results: Endemicity varies substantially in eight of the 20 studied countries. In these countries with heterogeneous transmission of malaria, stratification of households by endemicity zones shows that ITN coverage in intermediate/high endemicity zones is significantly higher than ITN coverage at the national level (Burundi, Kenya, Namibia, Rwanda, Tanzania, Senegal, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.). For example in Zimbabwe, the national ownership of ITNs is 28%, but ownership in the intermediate/high endemicity zone is 46%. Conclusion: Incorporating this study's basic and easily reproducible approach into estimates of ITN coverage is applicable and even preferable in countries with areas at no/low risk of malaria and will help ensure that the highest-quality data are available to inform programmatic decisions in countries affected by malaria. The extension of this type of analysis to other malaria interventions can provide further valuable information to support evidence-based decision-making. C1 [Burgert, Clara R.; Bradley, Sarah E. K.; Arnold, Fred] ICF Int, DHS Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Bradley, Sarah E. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Demog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Eckert, Erin] USAID PMI, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Burgert, CR (reprint author), ICF Int, DHS Program, 530 Gaither Rd,Suite 500, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM clara.burgert@icfi.com FU NICHD NIH HHS [T32 HD007275] NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JUL 4 PY 2014 VL 13 AR 254 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-13-254 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA AL1OF UT WOS:000338894100001 PM 24993082 ER PT J AU Miller-Petrie, MK Mazia, G Serpa, M Pooley, B Marshall, M Melendez, C Vicuna, M AF Miller-Petrie, Molly K. Mazia, Goldy Serpa, Magdalena Pooley, Bertha Marshall, Margaret Melendez, Carlos Vicuna, Marisol TI Building alliances for improving newborn health in Latin America and the Caribbean SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Infant, newborn; organization and administration; Bolivia; El Salvador; Peru; Latin America; Caribbean region AB The regional Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) Neonatal Alliance and national neonatal alliances in Bolivia, El Salvador, and Peru were studied through in-depth interviews and a review of publications. Findings were analyzed to distill successful strategies, structures, and tools for improving neonatal health by working through alliances that can be replicated at the regional or national level. The studies found the following factors were the most critical for successful outcomes from alliance work: inclusion of the Ministry of Health as a leader or primary stakeholder; a committed, diverse, technically expert, and horizontal membership; the presence of champions for neonatal health at the national level; development of a shared work plan based on feasible objectives; the use of shared financing mechanisms; the use of informal and dynamic organizational structures; and a commitment to scientific evidence-based programming. The relationship between the regional and national alliances was found to be mutually beneficial. C1 [Miller-Petrie, Molly K.] Latin Amer & Caribbean Neonatal Alliance, MCHIP, Bur Global Hlth, PATH US Agcy Int Dev, London, England. [Mazia, Goldy; Serpa, Magdalena] Latin Amer & Caribbean Neonatal Alliance, MCHIP, Bur Global Hlth, PATH US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Pooley, Bertha] Latin Amer & Caribbean Neonatal Alliance, La Paz, Bolivia. [Marshall, Margaret] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Melendez, Carlos] Minist Hlth, San Salvador, El Salvador. RP Miller-Petrie, MK (reprint author), Latin Amer & Caribbean Neonatal Alliance, MCHIP, Bur Global Hlth, PATH US Agcy Int Dev, London, England. EM mmpetrie@gmail.com NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD JUL PY 2014 VL 36 IS 1 BP 44 EP 49 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AP6GO UT WOS:000342175800007 PM 25211677 ER PT J AU Pomeroy, AM Koblinsky, M Alva, S AF Pomeroy, Amanda M. Koblinsky, Marge Alva, Soumya TI Who gives birth in private facilities in Asia? A look at six countries SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Maternal health; private sector; Asia; delivery care ID MATERNAL HEALTH-CARE; SEEKING BEHAVIOR; INCOME COUNTRIES; SELECTION BIAS; SERVICES; DETERMINANTS; AFRICA; BANGLADESH; CHILDBIRTH; CONTEXT AB Over the past two decades, multilateral organizations have encouraged increased engagement with private healthcare providers in developing countries. As these efforts progress, there are concerns regarding how private delivery care may effect maternal health outcomes. Currently available data do not allow for an in-depth study of the direct effect of increasing private sector use on maternal health across countries. As a first step, however, we use demographic and health surveys (DHS) data to (1) examine trends in growth of delivery care provided by private facilities and (2) describe who is using the private sector within the healthcare system. As Asia has shown strong increases in institutional coverage of delivery care in the last decade, we will examine trends in six Asian countries. We hypothesize that if the private sector competes for clients based on perceived quality, their clientele will be wealthier, more educated and live in an area where there are enough health facilities to allow for competition. We test this hypothesis by examining factors of socio-demographic, economic and physical access and actual/perceived need related to a mother's choice to deliver in a health facility and then, among women delivering in a facility, their use of a private provider. Results show a significant trend towards greater use of private sector delivery care over the last decade. Wealth and education are related to private sector delivery care in about half of our countries, but are not as universally related to use as we would expect. A previous private facility birth predicted repeat private facility use across nearly all countries. In two countries (Cambodia and India), primiparity also predicted private facility use. More in-depth work is needed to truly understand the behaviour of the private sector in these countries; these results warn against making generalizations about private sector delivery care. C1 [Pomeroy, Amanda M.] John Snow Inc, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Koblinsky, Marge] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Alva, Soumya] John Snow Inc, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Pomeroy, AM (reprint author), John Snow Inc, 116 New Montgomery St,Suite 605, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM amanda_pomeroy@jsi.com OI Pomeroy-Stevens, Amanda/0000-0003-3738-4653 FU USAID through the AIM Activity [GPO-M-00-05-0043-00]; USAID through the Maternal & Child Health Integrated Project (MCHIP) FX This work was funded by USAID through the AIM Activity (GPO-M-00-05-0043-00). Open Access and publication funding generously provided by USAID through the Maternal & Child Health Integrated Project (MCHIP). NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1080 EI 1460-2237 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 29 SU 1 BP I38 EP I47 DI 10.1093/heapol/czt103 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA AM7ST UT WOS:000340069500006 PM 25012797 ER PT J AU Cluver, L Sherr, L Grimwood, A Richter, L Phelps, BR Bachman, G Desmond, C Behnam, NR Fatti, G Coovadia, H AF Cluver, Lucie Sherr, Lorraine Grimwood, Ashraf Richter, Linda Phelps, B. Ryan Bachman, Gretchen Desmond, Chris Behnam, Nicole R. Fatti, Geoffrey Coovadia, Hoosen TI Assembling an effective paediatric HIV treatment and prevention toolkit SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; SOUTH-AFRICA; MALAWI C1 [Cluver, Lucie] Univ Oxford, Dept Social Policy & Intervent, Ctr Evidence Based Intervent, Oxford, England. [Cluver, Lucie] Univ Cape Town, Dept Psychiat & Mental Hlth, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Sherr, Lorraine] UCL, Res Dept Infect & Populat Hlth, Hlth Psychol Unit, London, England. [Grimwood, Ashraf; Fatti, Geoffrey] Khethlmpilo, Cape Town, South Africa. [Richter, Linda] Univ Witwatersrand, DST NRF Ctr Excellence Human Dev, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Richter, Linda] Univ KwaZulu Natal, DST NRF Ctr Excellence Human Dev, Durban, South Africa. [Richter, Linda; Desmond, Chris] Human Sci Res Council, Pretoria, South Africa. [Phelps, B. Ryan; Bachman, Gretchen] USAID, Off HIV & AIDS, Washington, DC USA. [Behnam, Nicole R.] PEPFAR Off US Global AIDS, Washington, DC USA. [Behnam, Nicole R.] US Dept State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Coovadia, Hoosen] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa. [Coovadia, Hoosen] Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Cluver, L (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Social Policy & Intervent, Ctr Evidence Based Intervent, Oxford, England. EM lucie.cluver@spi.ox.ac.uk OI Cluver, Lucie/0000-0002-0418-835X NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2214-109X J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH JI Lancet Glob. Health PD JUL PY 2014 VL 2 IS 7 BP E395 EP E396 DI 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70267-0 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AM6UO UT WOS:000340000900021 PM 25103392 ER PT J AU Wong, V Johnson, C Cowan, E Rosenthal, M Peeling, R Miralles, M Sands, A Brown, C AF Wong, Vincent Johnson, Cheryl Cowan, Elliot Rosenthal, Matthew Peeling, Rosanna Miralles, Maria Sands, Anita Brown, Charlene TI HIV Self-Testing in Resource-Limited Settings: Regulatory and Policy Considerations SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE HIV; Testing; Self testing; VCT; Policy; Regulation; Diagnostics; Rapid test; HTC ID MEN; INCREASE; SEX AB HIV self-testing (HIVST) is an emerging HIV testing strategy intended to address challenges of increasing access to preliminary knowledge of serostatus. It offers the potential for tests and testing to reach more people than previously possible, including those who do not seek testing in facilities. With approval of an HIV self-test kit in the USA, increasing evidence from public pilot programs in sub-Saharan Africa showing high acceptability and feasibility, and evidence of the informal sale of rapid HIV test kits in the private sector, options for individuals to access HIV self-testing, as well as consumer-demand, appear to be increasing. More recently WHO and UNAIDS have explored self-testing as an option to achieving greater HIV testing coverage to support global treatment targets. However, for resource-limited settings, technological development, diagnostic device regulation and quality assurance policies are lagging behind. This commentary will examine regulatory and policy issues with HIVST, given its increased prominence as a potential part of the global HIV/AIDS response. C1 [Wong, Vincent; Brown, Charlene] USAID, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Johnson, Cheryl] WHO, HIV Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Cowan, Elliot] Partners Diagnost LLC, Rockville, MD USA. [Rosenthal, Matthew] USAID Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia. [Peeling, Rosanna] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London WC1, England. [Miralles, Maria] USAID, Off Hlth Syst, Washington, DC USA. [Sands, Anita] WHO, Dept Essential Med & Hlth Prod, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Wong, V (reprint author), USAID, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM vwong@usaid.gov OI Sands, Anita/0000-0002-8424-754X NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 EI 1573-3254 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS Behav. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 18 SU 4 BP S415 EP S421 DI 10.1007/s10461-014-0825-9 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA AM4CK UT WOS:000339799500004 PM 24957979 ER PT J AU Kuruvilla, S Schweitzer, J Bishai, D Chowdhury, S Caramani, D Frost, L Cortez, R Daelmans, B de Francisco, A Adam, T Cohen, R Alfonso, YN Franz-Vasdeki, J Saadat, S Pratt, BA Eugster, B Bandali, S Venkatachalam, P Hinton, R Murray, J Arscott-Mills, S Axelson, H Maliqi, B Sarker, I Lakshminarayanan, R Jacobs, T Jacks, S Mason, E Ghaffar, A Mays, N Presern, C Bustreo, F AF Kuruvilla, Shyama Schweitzer, Julian Bishai, David Chowdhury, Sadia Caramani, Daniele Frost, Laura Cortez, Rafael Daelmans, Bernadette de Francisco, Andres Adam, Taghreed Cohen, Robert Alfonso, Y. Natalia Franz-Vasdeki, Jennifer Saadat, Seemeen Pratt, Beth Anne Eugster, Beatrice Bandali, Sarah Venkatachalam, Pritha Hinton, Rachael Murray, John Arscott-Mills, Sharon Axelson, Henrik Maliqi, Blerta Sarker, Intissar Lakshminarayanan, Rama Jacobs, Troy Jacks, Susan Mason, Elizabeth Ghaffar, Abdul Mays, Nicholas Presern, Carole Bustreo, Flavia CA Success Factors Womens Hlth Study Success Factors Childrens Hlth Stu TI Success factors for reducing maternal and child mortality SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH AB Reducing maternal and child mortality is a priority in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and will likely remain so after 2015. Evidence exists on the investments, interventions and enabling policies required. Less is understood about why some countries achieve faster progress than other comparable countries. The Success Factors for Women's and Children's Health studies sought to address this knowledge gap using statistical and econometric analyses of data from 144 low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) over 20 years; Boolean, qualitative comparative analysis; a literature review; and country-specific reviews in 10 fast-track countries for MDGs 4 and 5a. There is no standard formula fast-track countries deploy tailored strategies and adapt quickly to change. However, fast-track countries share some effective approaches in addressing three main areas to reduce maternal and child mortality. First, these countries engage multiple sectors to address crucial health determinants. Around half the reduction in child mortality in LMICs since 1990 is the result of health sector investments, the other half is attributed to investments made in sectors outside health. Second, these countries use strategies to mobilize partners across society, using timely, robust evidence for decision-making and accountability and a triple planning approach to consider immediate needs, long-term vision and adaptation to change. Third, the countries establish guiding principles that orient progress, align stakeholder action and achieve results over time. This evidence synthesis contributes to global learning on accelerating improvements in women's and children's health towards 2015 and beyond. C1 [Kuruvilla, Shyama; de Francisco, Andres; Hinton, Rachael; Lakshminarayanan, Rama; Presern, Carole] WHO, Partnership Maternal Newborn & Child Hlth, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [Schweitzer, Julian] Results Dev Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Bishai, David; Cohen, Robert; Alfonso, Y. Natalia] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Chowdhury, Sadia] BRAC Inst Global Hlth, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Caramani, Daniele; Eugster, Beatrice] Univ St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland. [Frost, Laura; Pratt, Beth Anne] Global Hlth Insights, New York, NY USA. [Cortez, Rafael; Saadat, Seemeen; Sarker, Intissar] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Daelmans, Bernadette; Maliqi, Blerta; Mason, Elizabeth; Bustreo, Flavia] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [Adam, Taghreed; Ghaffar, Abdul] Alliance Hlth Policy & Syst Res, Geneva, Switzerland. [Bandali, Sarah] Opt Consultancy, London, England. [Venkatachalam, Pritha] Cambridge Econ Policy Associates, Delhi, India. [Arscott-Mills, Sharon] ICF Int, Fairfax, VA USA. [Axelson, Henrik] WHO, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Jacobs, Troy] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Jacks, Susan] Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Mays, Nicholas] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. RP Kuruvilla, S (reprint author), WHO, Partnership Maternal Newborn & Child Hlth, Ave Appia 20, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM kuruvillas@who.int FU Partnership for Maternal, Newborn Child Health; World Bank; World Health Organization; Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research FX Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health, World Bank, World Health Organization and Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research. NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 EI 1564-0604 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 92 IS 7 BP 533 EP 544 DI 10.2471/BLT.14.138131 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AM3TT UT WOS:000339776400017 PM 25110379 ER PT J AU Njeuhmeli, E Hatzold, K Gold, E Mahler, H Kripke, K Seifert-Ahanda, K Castor, D Mavhu, W Mugurungi, O Ncube, G Koshuma, S Sgaier, SK Conly, SR Kasedde, S AF Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Hatzold, Karin Gold, Elizabeth Mahler, Hally Kripke, Katharine Seifert-Ahanda, Kim Castor, Delivette Mavhu, Webster Mugurungi, Owen Ncube, Gertrude Koshuma, Sifuni Sgaier, Sema K. Conly, Shanti R. Kasedde, Susan TI Lessons Learned From Scale-Up of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Focusing on Adolescents: Benefits, Challenges, and Potential Opportunities for Linkages With Adolescent HIV, Sexual, and Reproductive Health Services SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE adolescent; circumcision; HIV; health AB Background and Methods: By December 2013, it was estimated that close to 6 million men had been circumcised in the 14 priority countries for scaling up voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC), the majority being adolescents (10-19 years). This article discusses why efforts to scale up VMMC should prioritize adolescent men, drawing from new evidence and experiences at the international, country, and service delivery levels. Furthermore, we review the extent to which VMMC programs have reached adolescents, addressed their specific needs, and can be linked to their sexual and reproductive health and other key services. Results and Discussion: In priority countries, adolescents represent 34%-55% of the target population to be circumcised, whereas program data from these countries show that adolescents represent between 35% and 74% of the circumcised men. VMMC for adolescents has several advantages: uptake of services among adolescents is culturally and socially more acceptable than for adults; there are fewer barriers regarding sexual abstinence during healing or female partner pressures; VMMC performed before the age of sexual debut has maximum long-term impact on reducing HIV risk at the individual level and consequently reduces the risk of transmission in the population. Offered as a comprehensive package, adolescent VMMC can potentially increase public health benefits and offers opportunities for addressing gender norms. Additional research is needed to assess whether current VMMC services address the specific needs of adolescent clients, to test adapted tools, and to assess linkages between VMMC and other adolescent-focused HIV, health, and social services. C1 [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel; Seifert-Ahanda, Kim; Castor, Delivette; Conly, Shanti R.] US Agcy Int Dev, USAID Washington Global Hlth Bureau Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC USA. [Hatzold, Karin] Populat Serv Int, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Gold, Elizabeth] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Hally] Jhpiego Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Kripke, Katharine] Futures Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Mavhu, Webster] Ctr Sexual Hlth & HIV AIDS Res CeSHHAR, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Mugurungi, Owen; Ncube, Gertrude] Minist Hlth & Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Koshuma, Sifuni] Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Dar Es Salaam, Iriga Region, Tanzania. [Sgaier, Sema K.] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Integrated Delivery Global Dev Program, Seattle, WA USA. [Sgaier, Sema K.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kasedde, Susan] United Nations Childrens Fund UNICEF, New York, NY USA. RP Njeuhmeli, E (reprint author), USAID Wasington Global Hlth Bureau Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM enjeuhmeli@usaid.gov FU United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID); PEPFAR through USAID; Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) [GHS-A-00-08-00,002-000]; President's Emergency Program for AIDS Relief through the USAID\Health Policy Project; USAID [AID-OAA-A-10-00,067]; Population Services International (PSI) through the Zimbabwe Strengthening Private Sector Services Program [674-A-00-1000081-00] FX Zimbabwe: The VMMC program in Zimbabwe described in this article is supported by the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and implemented by Population Services International (PSI) through the Zimbabwe Strengthening Private Sector Services Program, Prime Award Number 674-A-00-1000081-00. Tanzania: The Tanzania program described in this article is funded by the PEPFAR through USAID and implemented by the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) (Award No. GHS-A-00-08-00,002-000), which is led by Jhpiego-an affiliate of Johns Hopkins University. Additional funding for this work was provided by President's Emergency Program for AIDS Relief through the USAID vertical bar Health Policy Project. The Health Policy Project is a 5-year cooperative agreement funded by the USAID under Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-10-00,067, beginning September 30, 2010. It is implemented by Futures Group, in collaboration with CEDPA (part of Plan International USA), Futures Institute, Partners in Population and Development, Africa Regional Office, Population Reference Bureau, RTI International, and the White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood. The funder, USAID, played a significant technical role in study design, analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 66 SU 2 BP S193 EP S199 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA AL3QC UT WOS:000339042400007 PM 24918595 ER PT J AU Undie, CC Van Lith, LM Wahome, M Obare, F Oloo, E Curtis, C AF Undie, Chi-Chi Van Lith, Lynn M. Wahome, Mercy Obare, Francis Oloo, Esther Curtis, Carolyn TI Community mobilization and service strengthening to increase awareness and use of postabortion care and family planning in Kenya SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS LA English DT Article DE Community action cycle; Community health workers; Community mobilization; Family planning; Kenya; Postabortion care; Safe motherhood; Unsafe abortion ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ABORTION; INTERVENTION; BIRTH AB Objective: To evaluate whether a community engagement and service-strengthening intervention raised awareness of family planning (FP) and early pregnancy bleeding (EPB), and increased FP and postabortion care (PAC) use. Methods: The intervention was carried out in 3 communities in Kenya over 18 months; 3 additional communities served as the comparison group. A pre-post contemporaneously controlled, quasi-experimental evaluation was conducted independently from the intervention. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar. Awareness of FP methods increased (P <= 0.001) in the intervention group. The incidence of reported EPB (before 5 months of pregnancy) in the comparison group was 133% at baseline and 6.0% at endline (P = 0.02); 79% at baseline and 100% at endline sought care (P > 0.05). In the intervention group, recognition and reporting of EPB increased from 9.8% to 13.1% (P > 0.05); 65% sought PAC at baseline and 80% at endline (P = 0.11). The relative increase in EPB reports after the intervention was over 3 times greater in the intervention group (P <= 0.01). Conclusion: The intervention raised FP and EPB awareness but not FP and PAC services use. As fewer comparison group respondents reported experiencing EPB, the PAC impact of the intervention is unclear. Mechanisms to improve EPB reporting are needed to avoid this reporting bias. (C) 2014 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Undie, Chi-Chi; Obare, Francis] Populat Council, Reprod Hlth Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Van Lith, Lynn M.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD USA. [Wahome, Mercy; Oloo, Esther] EngenderHlth, Programs Div, Nairobi, Kenya. [Curtis, Carolyn] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Undie, CC (reprint author), Populat Council, Reprod Hlth Program, Gen Accid Insurance House,Ralph Bunche Rd, Nairobi, Kenya. EM cundie@popcouncil.org FU American People through the Postabortion Care Working Group of the Bureau for Global Health, Office of Population and Reproductive Health, US Agency for International Development (USAID) [GPO-A-00-08-00007-00] FX The present project was funded by the generous support of the American People through the Postabortion Care Working Group of the Bureau for Global Health, Office of Population and Reproductive Health, US Agency for International Development (USAID), under the terms of cooperative agreement number GPO-A-00-08-00007-00. The contents are the responsibility of the RESPOND project and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the US government EngenderHealth private funds were used to acquire and provide manual vacuum aspiration kits to the intervention group facilities. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0020-7292 EI 1879-3479 J9 INT J GYNECOL OBSTET JI Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 126 IS 1 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.ijgo.2013.12.016 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA AK7IS UT WOS:000338602600002 PM 24815571 ER PT J AU Postel, EG AF Postel, Eric G. TI NURTURING NATURE SO FOREIGN AFFAIRS LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Postel, EG (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COUNCIL FOREIGN RELAT IONS INC PI NEW YORK PA HAROLD PRATT HOUSE, 58 E 68TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10065 USA SN 0015-7120 J9 FOREIGN AFF JI Foreign Aff. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 93 IS 4 BP 199 EP 199 PG 1 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA AI9NX UT WOS:000337260400026 ER PT J AU Hickey, J Gagnon, AJ Jitthai, N AF Hickey, Jason Gagnon, Anita J. Jitthai, Nigoon TI Pandemic preparedness: perceptions of vulnerable migrants in Thailand towards WHO-recommended non-pharmaceutical interventions: a cross-sectional study SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Influenza; Pandemic preparedness; Disease prevention; Vulnerable migrants; Non-pharmaceutical interventions; Public health ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; PREVENTIVE BEHAVIORS; GENERAL-POPULATION; KNOWLEDGE; ATTITUDES; EPIDEMIC; OUTBREAK; PHASE; H5N1 AB Background: Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) constituted the principal public health response to the previous influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemic and are one key area of ongoing preparation for future pandemics. Thailand is an important point of focus in terms of global pandemic preparedness and response due to its role as the major transportation hub for Southeast Asia, the endemic presence of multiple types of influenza, and its role as a major receiving country for migrants. Our aim was to collect information about vulnerable migrants' perceptions of and ability to implement NPIs proposed by the WHO. We hope that this information will help us to gauge the capacity of this population to engage in pandemic preparedness and response efforts, and to identify potential barriers to NPI effectiveness. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed. The study was conducted during the influenza H1N1 2009 pandemic and included 801 migrant participants living in border areas thought to be high risk by the Thailand Ministry of Public Health. Data were collected by Migrant Community Health Workers using a 201-item interviewer-assisted questionnaire. Univariate descriptive analyses were conducted. Results: With the exception of border measures, to which nearly all participants reported they would be adherent, attitudes towards recommended NPIs were generally negative or uncertain. Other potential barriers to NPI implementation include limited experience applying these interventions (e.g., using a thermometer, wearing a face mask) and inadequate hand washing and household disinfection practices. Conclusions: Negative or ambivalent attitudes towards NPIs combined with other barriers identified suggest that vulnerable migrants in Thailand have a limited capacity to participate in pandemic preparedness efforts. This limited capacity likely puts migrants at risk of propagating the spread of a pandemic virus. Coordinated risk communication and public education are potential strategies that may reduce barriers to individual NPI implementation. C1 [Hickey, Jason] Univ Calgary Qatar, Doha, Qatar. [Gagnon, Anita J.] McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Montreal, PQ H3H 2R9, Canada. [Jitthai, Nigoon] USAID Reg Dev Mission Asia, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. RP Hickey, J (reprint author), Univ Calgary Qatar, POB 23133, Doha, Qatar. EM jehickey@ucalgary.edu.qa FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research - Catalyst Grant: Pandemic Preparedness [204147]; CGS Master's Award [203550]; CEETUM (Centre d'etudes ethniques des universites montrealaises) - bourses de fin de redaction FX Canadian Institutes of Health Research - Catalyst Grant: Pandemic Preparedness (#204147) and CGS Master's Award (#203550), CEETUM (Centre d'etudes ethniques des universites montrealaises) - bourses de fin de redaction. IOM (International Organization for Migration) Thailand, McGill School of Nursing Global Health Committee, and the MiRHR team. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JUN 28 PY 2014 VL 14 AR 665 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-14-665 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AL2JY UT WOS:000338953100004 PM 24973943 ER PT J AU Kwapong, GD Boateng, D Agyei-Baffour, P Addy, EA AF Kwapong, Golda Dokuaa Boateng, Daniel Agyei-Baffour, Peter Addy, Ernestina A. TI Health service barriers to HIV testing and counseling among pregnant women attending Antenatal Clinic; a cross-sectional study SO BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HTC; PMTCT; HIV; Pregnant Women; Ghana ID POSITIVE WOMEN; RISK; CARE; PERCEPTIONS; ACCEPTABILITY; BEHAVIORS; PROVIDERS; INFECTION; TANZANIA; ETHIOPIA AB Background: HIV testing and counseling (HTC) remains critical in the global efforts to reach a goal of universal access to prevention and timely human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment and health care. Routine HIV testing has been shown to be cost-effective and life-saving by prolonging the life expectancy of HIV patients and reducing the annual HIV transmission rate. However, these benefits of routine HIV testing may not be seen among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) due to health facility related factors. This paper presents the influence of health facility related factors on HTC to inform HTC implementation. Methods: The study was cross-sectional in design and used structured questionnaire and interview guides to gather information from 300 pregnant women aged 18 to 49 years and had attended ANC for more than twice at the time of the study. Twelve health workers were interviewed as key informants. Respondents were selected from the five sub metro health facilities in the Kumasi Metropolis through systematic random sampling from August to November 2011. Pregnant women who had not tested after two or more ANC visits were classified as not utilizing HTC. Data was analyzed with STATA 11. Logistic regression was run to assess the odds ratios at 95% confidence level. Results: Twenty-four percent of the pregnant women had not undergone HTC, with "never been told" emerging as the most cited reason as reported by 29.5% of respondents. Decisions by pregnant women to take up HTC were mostly influenced by factors such as lack of information, perceptions of privacy and confidentiality, waiting time, poor relationship with health staff and fear of being positive. Conclusions: Access to HTC health facility alone does not translate into utilization of HTC service. Improving health facility related factors such as health education and information, confidentiality, health staff turnaround time and health staff-client relationship related to HTC will improve implementation. C1 [Kwapong, Golda Dokuaa] USAID, Focus Reg Hlth Projects, Accra, Ghana. [Boateng, Daniel; Agyei-Baffour, Peter; Addy, Ernestina A.] Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Community Hlth, Kumasi, Ghana. RP Boateng, D (reprint author), Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Community Hlth, Kumasi, Ghana. EM kingdannie@gmail.com NR 50 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6963 J9 BMC HEALTH SERV RES JI BMC Health Serv. Res. PD JUN 19 PY 2014 VL 14 AR 267 DI 10.1186/1472-6963-14-267 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA AK4UB UT WOS:000338418500001 PM 24942820 ER PT J AU Vun, MC Fujita, M Rathavy, T Eang, MT Sopheap, S Sovannarith, S Chhorvann, C Vanthy, L Sopheap, O Welle, E Ferradini, L Sedtha, C Bunna, S Verbruggen, R AF Vun, Mean Chhi Fujita, Masami Rathavy, Tung Eang, Mao Tang Sopheap, Seng Sovannarith, Samreth Chhorvann, Chhea Vanthy, Ly Sopheap, Oum Welle, Emily Ferradini, Laurent Sedtha, Chin Bunna, Sok Verbruggen, Robert TI Achieving universal access and moving towards elimination of new HIV infections in Cambodia SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE HIV; response; epidemic; universal access; service linkage; integration ID SEX WORK AB Introduction: In the mid-1990s, Cambodia faced one of the fastest growing HIV epidemics in Asia. For its achievement in reversing this trend, and achieving universal access to HIV treatment, the country received a United Nations millennium development goal award in 2010. This article reviews Cambodia's response to HIV over the past two decades and discusses its current efforts towards elimination of new HIV infections. Methods: A literature review of published and unpublished documents, including programme data and presentations, was conducted. Results and discussion: Cambodia classifies its response to one of the most serious HIV epidemics in Asia into three phases. In Phase I (1991-2000), when adult HIV prevalence peaked at 1.7% and incidence exceeded 20,000 cases, a nationwide HIV prevention programme targeted brothel-based sex work. Voluntary confidential counselling and testing and home-based care were introduced, and peer support groups of people living with HIV emerged. Phase II (2001-2011) observed a steady decline in adult prevalence to 0.8% and incidence to 1600 cases by 2011, and was characterized by: expanding antiretroviral treatment (coverage reaching more than 80%) and continuum of care; linking with tuberculosis and maternal and child health services; accelerated prevention among key populations, including entertainment establishment-based sex workers, men having sex with men, transgender persons, and people who inject drugs; engagement of health workers to deliver quality services; and strengthening health service delivery systems. The third phase (2012-2020) aims to attain zero new infections by 2020 through: sharpening responses to key populations at higher risk; maximizing access to community and facility-based testing and retention in prevention and care; and accelerating the transition from vertical approaches to linked/integrated approaches. Conclusions: Cambodia has tailored its prevention strategy to its own epidemic, established systematic linkages across different services and communities, and achieved nearly universal coverage of HIV services nationwide. Still, the programme must continually (re) prioritize the most effective and efficient interventions, strengthen synergies between programmes, contribute to health system strengthening, and increase domestic funding so that the gains of the previous two decades are sustained, and the goal of zero new infections is reached. C1 [Vun, Mean Chhi; Sopheap, Seng; Sovannarith, Samreth; Chhorvann, Chhea] Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Dermatol & STDs, Minist Hlth, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Fujita, Masami] World Hlth Org, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Rathavy, Tung] Natl Maternal & Child Hlth Ctr, Minist Hlth, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Eang, Mao Tang] Natl Ctr TB & Leprosy Control, Minist Hlth, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Vanthy, Ly] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Sopheap, Oum] KHANA, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Welle, Emily] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Ferradini, Laurent] FHI 360, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Sedtha, Chin] UNICEF, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Bunna, Sok] US Agcy Int Dev, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Verbruggen, Robert] UNAIDS, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. RP Fujita, M (reprint author), World Hlth Org, POB 1217 177-179 Pasteur St 51, Sangkat Chak Tomouk, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. EM FujitaM@wpro.who.int FU World Health Organization [001] NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU INT AIDS SOCIETY PI GENEVA PA AVENUE DE FRANCE 23, GENEVA, 1202, SWITZERLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD JUN 19 PY 2014 VL 17 AR 18905 DI 10.7448/IAS.17.1.18905 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA AK5CF UT WOS:000338441100001 PM 24950749 ER PT J AU Cros, A Fatan, NA White, A Teoh, SJ Tan, S Handayani, C Huang, C Peterson, N Li, RV Siry, HY Fitriana, R Gove, J Acoba, T Knight, M Acosta, R Andrew, N Beare, D AF Cros, Annick Fatan, Nurulhuda Ahamad White, Alan Teoh, Shwu Jiau Tan, Stanley Handayani, Christian Huang, Charles Peterson, Nate Li, Ruben Venegas Siry, Hendra Yusran Fitriana, Ria Gove, Jamison Acoba, Tomoko Knight, Maurice Acosta, Renerio Andrew, Neil Beare, Doug TI The Coral Triangle Atlas: An Integrated Online Spatial Database System for Improving Coral Reef Management SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; IMPACTS AB In this paper we describe the construction of an online GIS database system, hosted by WorldFish, which stores bio-physical, ecological and socio-economic data for the 'Coral Triangle Area' in South-east Asia and the Pacific. The database has been built in partnership with all six (Timor-Leste, Malaysia, Indonesia, The Philippines, Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea) of the Coral Triangle countries, and represents a valuable source of information for natural resource managers at the regional scale. Its utility is demonstrated using biophysical data, data summarising marine habitats, and data describing the extent of marine protected areas in the region. C1 [Cros, Annick; White, Alan] Nature Conservancy, Indo Pacific Div, Honolulu, HI USA. [Fatan, Nurulhuda Ahamad; Teoh, Shwu Jiau; Tan, Stanley; Li, Ruben Venegas; Andrew, Neil; Beare, Doug] Nat Resources Management, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia. [Handayani, Christian] Coral Triangle Program, WWF Indonesia, South Jakarta, Indonesia. [Huang, Charles] Coral Triangle Program, WWF United States, Washington, DC USA. [Peterson, Nate] Nature Conservancy, Indo Pacific Div, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Siry, Hendra Yusran] Coral Triangle Initiat Coral Reefs & Food Secur, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Fitriana, Ria] Coral Triangle Ctr, Bali, Indonesia. [Gove, Jamison; Acoba, Tomoko] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI USA. [Knight, Maurice] Coral Triangle Support Partnership, WWF Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Acosta, Renerio] United States Agcy Int Dev Reg Dev Mission Asia, Reg Environm Off, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Beare, D (reprint author), Nat Resources Management, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia. EM dbeare@cgiar.org RI Venegas Li, Ruben/G-6560-2016 OI Venegas Li, Ruben/0000-0003-2085-8269 FU U.S. Government; CGIAR FX The CT Atlas (http://ctatlas.reefbase.org) was developed as a partnership between WorldFish, The Nature Conservancy (TNC), World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The design and development of the CT Atlas was supported primarily by the U.S. Government through the 5-year (2009-2013) Coral Triangle Support Partnership (CTSP) in cooperation with other implementing partners of the US Coral Triangle Support Program (USCTI). The production of the current manuscript was also supported by the CGIAR Research Programs on: Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS); and Aquatic Agricultural Systems (AAS). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 18 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 6 AR e96332 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0096332 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK6AC UT WOS:000338508200001 PM 24941442 ER PT J AU Bloomfield, GS Vedanthan, R Vasudevan, L Kithei, A Were, M Velazquez, EJ AF Bloomfield, Gerald S. Vedanthan, Rajesh Vasudevan, Lavanya Kithei, Anne Were, Martin Velazquez, Eric J. TI Mobile health for non-communicable diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the literature and strategic framework for research SO GLOBALIZATION AND HEALTH LA English DT Review DE Mobile health; Non-communicable disease; Sub-Saharan Africa; Systematic review ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; GLOBAL BURDEN; BEHAVIOR-CHANGE; RURAL KENYA; 21 REGIONS; CARE; TOOL; INTERVENTIONS; HYPERTENSION; PREVENTION AB Background: Mobile health (mHealth) approaches for non-communicable disease (NCD) care seem particularly applicable to sub-Saharan Africa given the penetration of mobile phones in the region. The evidence to support its implementation has not been critically reviewed. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, a number of other databases, and grey literature for studies reported between 1992 and 2012 published in English or with an English abstract available. We extracted data using a standard form in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: Our search yielded 475 citations of which eleven were reviewed in full after applying exclusion criteria. Five of those studies met the inclusion criteria of using a mobile phone for non-communicable disease care in sub-Saharan Africa. Most studies lacked comparator arms, clinical endpoints, or were of short duration. mHealth for NCDs in sub-Saharan Africa appears feasible for follow-up and retention of patients, can support peer support networks, and uses a variety of mHealth modalities. Whether mHealth is associated with any adverse effect has not been systematically studied. Only a small number of mHealth strategies for NCDs have been studied in sub-Saharan Africa. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to support the effectiveness of mHealth for NCD care in sub-Saharan Africa. We present a framework for cataloging evidence on mHealth strategies that incorporates health system challenges and stages of NCD care. This framework can guide approaches to fill evidence gaps in this area. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42014007527. C1 [Bloomfield, Gerald S.; Velazquez, Eric J.] Duke Univ, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Bloomfield, Gerald S.; Velazquez, Eric J.] Duke Univ, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Bloomfield, Gerald S.; Vasudevan, Lavanya; Velazquez, Eric J.] Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Vedanthan, Rajesh] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Zena & Michael A Wiener Cardiovasc Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Vasudevan, Lavanya] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kithei, Anne] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Coll Hlth Sci, Eldoret, Kenya. [Were, Martin] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Regenstrief Inst Inc, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Were, Martin] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Were, Martin] USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA, Eldoret, Kenya. RP Bloomfield, GS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Med, 2400 Pratt St, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM gerald.bloomfield@duke.edu RI Emchi, Karma/Q-1952-2016; OI Bloomfield, Gerald/0000-0002-7176-1611 FU Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health [K01TW008407, K01TW009218] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Joseph Lunyera for his assistance with cataloging and organizing the retrieved records and Ms. Elizabeth Jung for her assistance with the proofreading and editing of this manuscript. GSB is supported by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number K01TW008407. RV is supported by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number K01TW009218. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 35 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1744-8603 J9 GLOBALIZATION HEALTH JI Global. Health PD JUN 13 PY 2014 VL 10 AR 49 DI 10.1186/1744-8603-10-49 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AK1GE UT WOS:000338162600001 PM 24927745 ER PT J AU Gomez, PP Gutman, J Roman, E Dickerson, A Andre, ZH Youll, S Eckert, E Hamel, MJ AF Gomez, Patricia P. Gutman, Julie Roman, Elaine Dickerson, Aimee Andre, Zandra H. Youll, Susan Eckert, Erin Hamel, Mary J. TI Assessment of the consistency of national-level policies and guidelines for malaria in pregnancy in five African countries SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Pregnancy; IPTp; SP; ITN; LLIN; Case management AB Background: At least 39 sub-Saharan African countries have policies on preventing malaria in pregnancy (MIP), including use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) and case management. However, coverage of LLINs and IPTp-SP remains below international targets in most countries. One factor contributing to low coverage may be that MIP policies typically are developed by national malaria control programmes (NMCPs), but are implemented through national reproductive health (RH) programmes. Methods: National-level MIP policies, guidelines, and training documents from NMCPs and RH programmes in Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, mainland Tanzania and Uganda were reviewed to assess whether they reflected WHO guidelines for prevention and treatment of MIP, and how consistent MIP content was across documents from the same country. Documents were compared for adherence to WHO guidance concerning IPTp-SP timing and dose, directly observed therapy, promotion and distribution of LLINs, linkages to HIV programmes and MIP case management. Results: The five countries reviewed had national documents promoting IPTp-SP, LLINs and MIP case management. WHO guidance from 2004 frequently was not reflected: four countries recommended the first dose of IPTp-SP at 20 weeks or later (instead of 16 weeks), and three countries restricted the first and second IPTp-SP doses to specific gestational weeks. Documents from four countries provided conflicting guidance on MIP prevention for HIV-positive women, and none provided complete guidance on management of uncomplicated and severe malaria during pregnancy. In all countries, inconsistencies between NMCPs and RH programmes on the timing or dose of IPTp-SP were documented, as was the mechanism for providing LLINs. Inconsistencies also were found in training documents from NMCPs and RH programmes in a given country. Outdated, inconsistent guidelines have the potential to cause confusion and lead to incorrect practices among health workers who implement MIP programmes, contributing to low coverage of IPTp-SP and LLINs. Conclusions: MIP policies, guidelines and training materials are outdated and/or inconsistent in the countries assessed. Updating and ensuring consistency among national MIP documents is needed, along with re-orientation and supervision of health workers to accelerate implementation of the 2012 WHO Global Malaria Programme policy recommendations for IPTp-SP. C1 [Gomez, Patricia P.; Roman, Elaine; Dickerson, Aimee] Mat & Child Hlth Integrated Program, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gutman, Julie; Hamel, Mary J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA USA. [Youll, Susan; Eckert, Erin] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Andre, Zandra H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gomez, PP (reprint author), Mat & Child Hlth Integrated Program, Baltimore, MD USA. EM patricia.gomez@jhpiego.org FU U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) [GHS-A-00-08-00002-00] FX This manuscript was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), under the terms of the Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS-A-00-08-00002-00. The authors would like to thank various experts collaborating on malaria programmes in Kenya, Madagascar, Mainland Tanzania and Uganda for their responses to questions about MIP in their countries. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JUN 3 PY 2014 VL 13 AR 212 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-13-212 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA AL1PL UT WOS:000338897300001 PM 24888703 ER PT J AU Cleland, J Harbison, S Shah, IH AF Cleland, John Harbison, Sarah Shah, Iqbal H. TI Unmet Need for Contraception: Issues and Challenges INTRODUCTION SO STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; DESIRED FERTILITY; DEMAND; PERSPECTIVE; PREGNANCY; HUSBANDS; BEHAVIOR; PAKISTAN; COUPLES; IMPACT AB Unmet need for contraception has been a central indicator for monitoring the progress of family planning programs for 25 years. The purpose of this article is to provide a broad context for the more focused contributions that follow in this special issue. The validity and measurement of the concept of unmet need are discussed. We then present regional trends among married women since 1970. Major reductions in unmet need have been achieved, with the clear exception of sub-Saharan Africa. Less success can be claimed in addressing the needs of sexually active unmarried women, who contribute nearly 20 percent to overall unmet need in developing countries. Prominent reasons for unmet need in settings where contraceptive uptake is low include social resistance and insufficient information concerning methods. As contraceptive use increases, the importance of these reasons wanes, but concerns regarding side effects and health impact remain a barrier, and discontinued users now constitute a large proportion of those with unmet need. Drawing on these reasons, we outline measures to further reduce unmet need. C1 [Cleland, John] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Harbison, Sarah] US Agcy Int Dev, Res & Evaluat, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Shah, Iqbal H.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Res & Evaluat Reprod Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Cleland, J (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM John.Cleland@lshtm.ac.uk NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0039-3665 EI 1728-4465 J9 STUD FAMILY PLANN JI Stud. Fam. Plan. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 45 IS 2 SI SI BP 105 EP 122 DI 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2014.00380.x PG 18 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AJ3WX UT WOS:000337599700001 PM 24931071 ER PT J AU Malarcher, S Polis, CB AF Malarcher, Shawn Polis, Chelsea B. TI Using Measurements of Unmet Need to Inform Program Investments for Health Service Integration SO STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING LA English DT Article AB Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data could potentially inform optimal strategies to reach women having unmet need with contraceptive services through integrated service delivery. Using 2010-11 DHS data from Nepal, Senegal, and Uganda, we estimate the proportion of married or cohabitating women of reproductive age (MWRA) having unmet need for family planning (FP) who have accessed selected health services and therefore could be offered FP services through integrated service delivery. We find substantial missed opportunities to reach MWRA having unmet need for family planning (FP) in the three countries examined. We also find considerable variation within and between countries in the potential for integrated services to reach women having unmet need. Between 4 percent and 57 percent of MWRA having unmet need in these countries could be reached through integration of FP into any single-service delivery platform we explored. This analysis has the potential to provide program managers with an evidence-based road map indicating which service-delivery platforms offer the greatest potential to reach the largest number of women having unmet need for contraception. C1 [Malarcher, Shawn; Polis, Chelsea B.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Polis, Chelsea B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Malarcher, S (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM smalarcher@usaid.gov OI Polis, Chelsea/0000-0002-1031-7074 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0039-3665 EI 1728-4465 J9 STUD FAMILY PLANN JI Stud. Fam. Plan. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 45 IS 2 SI SI BP 263 EP 275 DI 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2014.00388.x PG 13 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AJ3WX UT WOS:000337599700009 PM 24931079 ER PT J AU Kaale, E Manyanga, V Makori, N Jenkins, D Hope, SM Layloff, T AF Kaale, Eliangiringa Manyanga, Vicky Makori, Narsis Jenkins, David Hope, Samuel Michael Layloff, Thomas TI High-performance thin layer chromatography to assess pharmaceutical product quality SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE HPTLC; HPLC; drug quality technology comparisons; CCMHP; HPLC; comparaisons des technologies sur la qualite des Medicaments; HPTLC; HPLC; Comparacion en la Calidad de Tecnologias del Medicamento AB ObjectiveTo assess the sustainability, robustness and economic advantages of high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) for quality control of pharmaceutical products. MethodWe compared three laboratories where three lots of cotrimoxazole tablets were assessed using different techniques for quantifying the active ingredient. ResultThe average assay relative standard deviation for the three lots was 1.2 with a range of 0.65-2.0. ConclusionHigh-performance thin layer chromatography assessments are yielding valid results suitable for assessing product quality. The local pharmaceutical manufacturer had evolved the capacity to produce very high quality products. C1 [Kaale, Eliangiringa; Manyanga, Vicky] Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Makori, Narsis] Supply Chain Management Syst, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Jenkins, David] FHI360, Durham, NC USA. [Hope, Samuel Michael] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Layloff, Thomas] Supply Chain Management Syst, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Layloff, T (reprint author), Supply Chain Management Syst, 1616 Ft Myer Dr, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. EM tlayloff@pfscm.org FU USAID [GPO-1-00-05-00032-00] FX We thank Mr. Steven Tula of the SCMS office in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania for his assistance in managing the sample collections and shipments. This effort was funded in part by USAID under contract no. GPO-1-00-05-00032-00. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of USAID or the US government. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2276 EI 1365-3156 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JUN PY 2014 VL 19 IS 6 BP 747 EP 751 DI 10.1111/tmi.12303 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA AG2GJ UT WOS:000335234000015 ER PT J AU Butcher, JB Johnson, TE Nover, D Sarkar, S AF Butcher, Jonathan B. Johnson, Thomas E. Nover, Daniel Sarkar, Saumya TI Incorporating the effects of increased atmospheric CO2 in watershed model projections of climate change impacts SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Evapotranspiration; CO2; HSPF; SWAT; Stomatal conductance ID CHANGE SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENT; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; LAND-COVER DATABASE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; EPIC MODEL; HYDROLOGY; NITROGEN; QUALITY AB Assessment Tool (SWAT) are frequently used to project the responses of watershed processes to climate change, but do not always represent the effects of changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations on plant growth. Projected increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations may decrease the need for plants to maintain stomatal conductance to achieve sufficient CO2 inputs, thereby also reducing the transpiration of water with potentially important effects on watershed water balance. We first compare the SWAT model, which provides an option to explicitly represent the effects of increased CO2 to implementations of the SWAT model without this option and to the HSPF model, which does not include a representation of CO2 response. Both models are capable of representing watershed responses to current climatic conditions. For analysis of response to future conditions, the SWAT model with integrated plant growth response to increased CO2 predicts an increase in streamflows relative to models without the CO2 response, consistent with previous research. We then develop methods to incorporate CO2 impacts on evapotranspiration into a physically based modeling framework, such as HSPF, that does not explicitly model plant growth. With these modifications, HSPF also projects an increase in future runoff relative to simulations without accounting for the CO2 effect, although smaller than the increase predicted by SWAT with identical assumptions for stomatal conductance. The results suggest that, while the effect of reduced plant transpiration due to increased atmospheric CO2 is important, it is likely to be overestimated by both the current formulation of the SWAT model and modified versions that reduce the stomatal conductance response for woody plants. A general approach to modifying watershed models to simulate response of plant transpiration to increased atmospheric CO2 under climate change is also proposed. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Butcher, Jonathan B.; Sarkar, Saumya] Tetra Tech Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Johnson, Thomas E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Nover, Daniel] US Agcy Int Dev, West African Reg Off, Accra, Ghana. RP Butcher, JB (reprint author), Tetra Tech Inc, POB 14409, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jon.butcher@tetratech.com; Johnson.Thomas@epa.gov; dmnover@gmail.com; sam.sarkar@tetratech.com FU National Science Foundation; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development FX We thank Debjani Deb, Pushpa Tuppad, and Raghavan Srinivasan of Texas A82M University for developing the SWAT models of the ACF, Minnesota River, and Willamette River watersheds. Jeremy Wyss of Tetra Tech developed the ACF HSPF model, while Brian Bicknell and John Imhoff of AQUA TERRA were responsible for developing the Salt/San Pedro/Verde, Susquehanna, and Willamette HSPF models. Mustafa Faizullabhoy of Tetra Tech processed all the climate scenario data. The writers also thank Seth McGinnis of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for processing the NARCCAP output into change statistics for use in the watershed modeling, as well as the NARCCAP and BCSD project teams. NCAR is supported by the National Science Foundation. The writers acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model data set. Support of this data set is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development. The views expressed in this paper represent those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 60 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 26 PY 2014 VL 513 BP 322 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.03.073 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AI9NI UT WOS:000337258900030 ER PT J AU Ashengo, TA Hatzold, K Mahler, H Rock, A Kanagat, N Magalona, S Curran, K Christensen, A Castor, D Mugurungi, O Dhlamini, R Xaba, S Njeuhmeli, E AF Ashengo, Tigistu Adamu Hatzold, Karin Mahler, Hally Rock, Amelia Kanagat, Natasha Magalona, Sophia Curran, Kelly Christensen, Alice Castor, Delivette Mugurungi, Owen Dhlamini, Roy Xaba, Sinokuthemba Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) in Tanzania and Zimbabwe: Service Delivery Intensity and Modality and Their Influence on the Age of Clients SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIV PREVENTION; TRIAL; MEN AB Background: Scaling up voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) to 80% of men aged 15-49 within five years could avert 3.4 million new HIV infections in Eastern and Southern Africa by 2025. Since 2009, Tanzania and Zimbabwe have rapidly expanded VMMC services through different delivery (fixed, outreach or mobile) and intensity (routine services, campaign) models. This review describes the modality and intensity of VMMC services and its influence on the number and age of clients. Methods and Findings: Program reviews were conducted using data from implementing partners in Tanzania (MCHIP) and Zimbabwe (PSI). Key informant interviews (N = 13 Tanzania; N = 8 Zimbabwe) were conducted; transcripts were analyzed using Nvivo. Routine VMMC service data for May 2009-December 2012 were analyzed and presented in frequency tables. A descriptive analysis and association was performed using the z-ratio for the significance of the difference. Key informants in both Tanzania and Zimbabwe believe VMMC scale-up can be achieved by using a mix of service delivery modality and intensity approaches. In Tanzania, the majority of clients served during campaigns (59%) were aged 10-14 years while the majority during routine service delivery (64%) were above 15 (p< 0.0001). In Zimbabwe, significantly more VMMCs were done during campaigns (64%) than during routine service delivery (36%) (p< 0.00001); the difference in the age of clients accessing services in campaign versus non-campaign settings was significant for age groups 10-24 (p< 0.05), but not for older groups. Conclusions: In Tanzania and Zimbabwe, service delivery modalities and intensities affect client profiles in conjunction with other contextual factors such as implementing campaigns during school holidays in Zimbabwe and cultural preference for circumcision at a young age in Tanzania. Formative research needs to be an integral part of VMMC programs to guide the design of service delivery modalities in the face of, or lack of, strong social norms. C1 [Ashengo, Tigistu Adamu; Curran, Kelly; Christensen, Alice] Maternal & Child Hlth Integrated Program, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Ashengo, Tigistu Adamu; Curran, Kelly] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Hatzold, Karin; Dhlamini, Roy] Populat Serv Int, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Mahler, Hally] MCHIP Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Rock, Amelia; Kanagat, Natasha; Magalona, Sophia] JSI Res & Training Inst Inc, Boston, MA USA. [Castor, Delivette; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Mugurungi, Owen; Xaba, Sinokuthemba] Minist Hlth & Child Welf, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Ashengo, TA (reprint author), Maternal & Child Hlth Integrated Program, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM Tigi.Adamu@Jhpiego.org FU United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the United States Agency for International Development's (USAID's) Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) [GHS-A-00-08-00002-000]; AIDS Support and Technical Assistance Resources (AIDSTAR-One) Project [GHH-I-00-07-00059-00] FX This review is funded by the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the United States Agency for International Development's (USAID's) Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP), under Cooperative Agreement # GHS-A-00-08-00002-000 and AIDS Support and Technical Assistance Resources (AIDSTAR-One) Project, Sector I, Task Order 1 under contract number GHH-I-00-07-00059-00. Opinions herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID. However, the funder, USAID, played a significant technical role in study design, analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 5 AR e83642 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0083642 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ9KS UT WOS:000338029800007 PM 24801882 ER PT J AU Bertrand, JT Rech, D Aduda, DO Frade, S Loolpapit, M Machaku, MD Oyango, M Mavhu, W Spyrelis, A Perry, L Farrell, M Castor, D Njeuhmeli, E AF Bertrand, Jane T. Rech, Dino Aduda, Dickens Omondi Frade, Sasha Loolpapit, Mores Machaku, Michael D. Oyango, Mathews Mavhu, Webster Spyrelis, Alexandra Perry, Linnea Farrell, Margaret Castor, Delivette Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Systematic Monitoring of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Scale-Up: Adoption of Efficiency Elements in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIV PREVENTION; UGANDA; TRIAL; MEN AB Background: SYMMACS, the Systematic Monitoring of the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Scale-up, tracked the implementation and adoption of six elements of surgical efficiency-use of multiple surgical beds, pre-bundled kits, task shifting, task sharing, forceps-guided surgical method, and electrocautery-as standards of surgical efficiency in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Methods and Findings: This multi-country study used two-staged sampling. The first stage sampled VMMC sites: 73 in 2011, 122 in 2012. The second stage involved sampling providers (358 in 2011, 591 in 2012) and VMMC procedures for observation (594 in 2011, 1034 in 2012). The number of VMMC sites increased significantly between 2011 and 2012; marked seasonal variation occurred in peak periods for VMMC. Countries adopted between three and five of the six elements; forceps-guided surgery was the only element adopted by all countries. Kenya and Tanzania routinely practiced task-shifting. South Africa and Zimbabwe used pre-bundled kits with disposable instruments and electrocautery. South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe routinely employed multiple surgical bays. Conclusions: SYMMACS is the first study to provide data on the implementation of VMMC programs and adoption of elements of surgical efficiency. Findings have contributed to policy change on task-shifting in Zimbabwe, a review of the monitoring system for adverse events in South Africa, an increased use of commercially bundled VMMC kits in Tanzania, and policy dialogue on improving VMMC service delivery in Kenya. This article serves as an overview for five other articles following this supplement. C1 [Bertrand, Jane T.; Perry, Linnea; Farrell, Margaret] Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth Syst & Dev, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Rech, Dino; Frade, Sasha; Spyrelis, Alexandra] Ctr HIV AIDS Prevent Studies, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Aduda, Dickens Omondi; Loolpapit, Mores; Oyango, Mathews] FHI 360, Nairobi, Kenya. [Machaku, Michael D.] Jhpiego, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Mavhu, Webster] Dept Community Med UZ, Zimbabwe AIDS Prevent Project, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Castor, Delivette; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Bertrand, JT (reprint author), Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth Syst & Dev, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM bertrand@tulane.edu FU USAID | Project SEARCH; U.S. Agency for International Development [GHH-I-00-07-00032-00] FX The article was supported by USAID | Project SEARCH, Task Order No. 2, funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (www.usaid.gov) under Contract No. GHH-I-00-07-00032-00, beginning September 30, 2008, and supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. The Research to Prevention (R2P) Project is led by the Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health and managed by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs. USAID staff played a role in study design and data analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. USAID staff did not play a role in data collection. The views expressed in this manuscript do not represent USAID or United States Government opinion. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 5 AR e82518 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0082518 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ9KS UT WOS:000338029800003 PM 24801374 ER PT J AU Bollinger, L Adesina, A Forsythe, S Godbole, R Reuben, E Njeuhmeli, E AF Bollinger, Lori Adesina, Adebiyi Forsythe, Steven Godbole, Ramona Reuben, Elan Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Cost Drivers for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Using Primary Source Data from Sub-Saharan Africa SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIV PREVENTION; UGANDA; TRIAL; MEN AB Background: As voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programs scale up, there is a pressing need for information about the important cost drivers, and potential efficiency gains. We examine those cost drivers here, and estimate the potential efficiency gains through an econometric model. Methods and Findings: We examined the main cost drivers (i.e., personnel and consumables) associated with providing VMMC in sub-Saharan Africa along a number of dimensions, including facility type and service provider. Primary source facility level data from Kenya, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia were utilized throughout. We estimated the efficiency gains by econometrically estimating a cost function in order to calculate the impact of scale and other relevant factors. Personnel and consumables were estimated at 36% and 28%, respectively, of total costs across countries. Economies of scale (EOS) is estimated to be eight at the median volume of VMMCs performed, and EOS falls from 23 at the 25th percentile volume of VMMCs performed to 5.1 at the 75th percentile. Conclusions: The analysis suggests that there is significant room for efficiency improvement as indicated by declining EOS as VMMC volume increases. The scale of the fall in EOS as VMMC volume increases suggests that we are still at the ascension phase of the scale-up of VMMC, where continuing to add new sites results in additional start-up costs as well. A key aspect of improving efficiency is task sharing VMMC procedures, due to the large percentage of overall costs associated with personnel costs. In addition, efficiency improvements in consumables are likely to occur over time as prices and distribution costs decrease. C1 [Bollinger, Lori; Adesina, Adebiyi; Forsythe, Steven; Godbole, Ramona] Hlth Policy Initiat Costing Task Order, Washington, DC USA. [Bollinger, Lori; Adesina, Adebiyi; Forsythe, Steven; Godbole, Ramona] Hlth Policy Project, Washington, DC USA. [Bollinger, Lori; Adesina, Adebiyi; Forsythe, Steven] Futures Inst, Glastonbury, CT USA. [Godbole, Ramona] Futures Grp Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Godbole, Ramona; Reuben, Elan; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Bollinger, L (reprint author), Hlth Policy Initiat Costing Task Order, Washington, DC USA. EM lbollinger@futuresinstitute.org FU U. S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U. S. Agency for International Development (USAID) | Health Policy Initiative Costing Task Order [GPO-I-00-05-00040-00]; Health Policy Project; U.S. Agency for International Development [AID-OAA- A-10-00067]; PEPFAR FX Funding support for this work was provided by the U. S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U. S. Agency for International Development (USAID) | Health Policy Initiative Costing Task Order, contract number GPO-I-00-05-00040-00, beginning July 1, 2010. The Costing Task Order is implemented by Futures Group, in collaboration with the Futures Institute and the Centre for Development and Population Activities. The funder played a significant technical role in study design, analysis, decision to publish and preparation of the manuscript. Funding support was also provided through The Health Policy Project. The Health Policy Project is a five-year cooperative agreement funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development under Agreement No. AID-OAA- A-10-00067, beginning September 30, 2010. The project's HIV activities are supported by PEPFAR. It is implemented by Futures Group, in collaboration with CEDPA (part of Plan International USA), Futures Institute, Partners in Population and Development, Africa Regional Office (PPD ARO), Population Reference Bureau (PRB), RTI International and the White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood (WRA). The information provided in this document is not official U. S. Government information and does not necessarily represent the views or positions of USAID. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 5 AR e84701 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0084701 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ9KS UT WOS:000338029800012 PM 24802593 ER PT J AU Hatzold, K Mavhu, W Jasi, P Chatora, K Cowan, FM Taruberekera, N Mugurungi, O Ahanda, K Njeuhmeli, E AF Hatzold, Karin Mavhu, Webster Jasi, Phineas Chatora, Kumbirai Cowan, Frances M. Taruberekera, Noah Mugurungi, Owen Ahanda, Kim Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Barriers and Motivators to Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Uptake among Different Age Groups of Men in Zimbabwe: Results from a Mixed Methods Study SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ACCEPTABILITY; PREVENTION AB Background: We conducted quantitative and qualitative studies to explore barriers and motivating factors to VMMC for HIV prevention, and to assess utilization of existing VMMC communication channels. Methods and Findings: A population-based survey was conducted with 2350 respondents aged 15-49. Analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis between circumcision and selected demographics. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of male circumcision uptake compared to intention to circumcise. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with men purposively selected to represent a range of ethnicities. 68% and 53% of female/male respondents, respectively, had heard about VMMC for HIV prevention, mostly through the radio (71%). Among male respondents, 11.3% reported being circumcised and 49% reported willingness to undergo VMMC. Factors which men reported motivated them to undergo VMMC included HIV/STI prevention (44%), improved hygiene (26%), enhanced sexual performance (6%) and cervical cancer prevention for partner (6%). Factors that deterred men from undergoing VMMC included fear of pain (40%), not believing that they were at risk of HIV (18%), lack of partner support (6%). Additionally, there were differences in motivators and barriers by age. FGDs suggested additional barriers including fear of HIV testing, partner refusal, reluctance to abstain from sex and myths and misconceptions. Conclusions: VMMC demand-creation messages need to be specifically tailored for different ages and should emphasize non-HIV prevention benefits, such as improved hygiene and sexual appeal, and need to address men's fear of pain. Promoting VMMC among women is crucial as they appear to have considerable influence over men's decision to get circumcised. C1 [Hatzold, Karin; Jasi, Phineas; Chatora, Kumbirai] Populat Serv Int, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Mavhu, Webster; Cowan, Frances M.] Ctr Sexual Hlth & HIV AIDS Res CeSHHAR, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Mavhu, Webster; Cowan, Frances M.] UCL, Ctr Sexual Hlth & HIV Res, London, England. [Taruberekera, Noah] Populat Serv Int, Washington, DC USA. [Mugurungi, Owen] Minist Hlth & Child Welf, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Ahanda, Kim; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Hatzold, K (reprint author), Populat Serv Int, Harare, Zimbabwe. EM khatzold@psi-zim.co.zw OI Cowan, Frances/0000-0003-3087-4422 FU PEPFAR through the USAID [674-A-00-10-00081-00]; PSI FX This review is funded by PEPFAR through the USAID under a Cooperative Agreement # 674-A-00-10-00081-00 with PSI. The opinions herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID. However, the funder USAID played a significant technical role in study design, analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 5 AR e85051 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0085051 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ9KS UT WOS:000338029800013 PM 24802746 ER PT J AU Jennings, L Bertrand, J Rech, D Harvey, SA Hatzold, K Samkange, CA Aduda, DSO Fimbo, B Cherutich, P Perry, L Castor, D Njeuhmeli, E AF Jennings, Larissa Bertrand, Jane Rech, Dino Harvey, Steven A. Hatzold, Karin Samkange, Christopher A. Aduda, Dickens S. Omondi Fimbo, Bennett Cherutich, Peter Perry, Linnea Castor, Delivette Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Quality of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Services during Scale-Up: A Comparative Process Evaluation in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIV PREVENTION; SAFETY; MEN; TRIAL AB Background: The rapid expansion of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) has raised concerns whether health systems can deliver and sustain VMMC according to minimum quality criteria. Methods and Findings: A comparative process evaluation was used to examine data from SYMMACS, the Systematic Monitoring of the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Scale-Up, among health facilities providing VMMC across two years of program scale-up. Site-level assessments examined the availability of guidelines, supplies and equipment, infection control, and continuity of care services. Direct observation of VMMC surgeries were used to assess care quality. Two sample tests of proportions and t-tests were used to examine differences in the percent of facilities meeting requisite preparedness standards and the mean number of directly-observed surgical tasks performed correctly. Results showed that safe, high quality VMMC can be implemented and sustained at-scale, although substantial variability was observed over time. In some settings, facility preparedness and VMMC service quality improved as the number of VMMC facilities increased. Yet, lapses in high performance and expansion of considerably deficient services were also observed. Surgical tasks had the highest quality scores, with lower performance levels in infection control, pre-operative examinations, and post-operative patient monitoring and counseling. The range of scale-up models used across countries additionally underscored the complexity of delivering high quality VMMC. Conclusions: Greater efforts are needed to integrate VMMC scale-up and quality improvement processes in sub-Saharan African settings. Monitoring of service quality, not just adverse events reporting, will be essential in realizing the full health impact of VMMC for HIV prevention. C1 [Jennings, Larissa; Harvey, Steven A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Bertrand, Jane; Perry, Linnea] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth Syst & Dev, New Orleans, LA USA. [Rech, Dino] Ctr HIV & AIDS Prevent Studies, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Hatzold, Karin] Populat Serv Int, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Samkange, Christopher A.] Univ Zimbabwe, Coll Hlth Sci, Inst Continuing Hlth Educ, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Aduda, Dickens S. Omondi] Impact Res & Dev Org, Kisumu, Kenya. [Fimbo, Bennett] Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Natl AIDS Control Programme, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Cherutich, Peter] Natl AIDS & Sexually Transmitted Infect Control P, Nairobi, Kenya. [Castor, Delivette; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Jennings, L (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM ljenning@jhsph.edu FU U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) | Project SEARCH; Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health; USAID [GHH-I-00-07-00032-00] FX The article was supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) | Project SEARCH, Task Order No. 2, funded by the USAID (www.usaid.gov) under Contract No. GHH-I-00-07-00032-00, beginning September 30, 2008, and supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. The Research to Prevention (R2P) Project is led by the Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health and managed by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs (CCP). USAID staff played a role in study design and data analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. USAID staff did not play a role in data collection. The views expressed in this manuscript do not represent USAID's or the United States government's opinion. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 5 AR e79524 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0079524 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ9KS UT WOS:000338029800001 PM 24801073 ER PT J AU Kikaya, V Skolnik, L Garcia, MC Nkonyana, J Curran, K Ashengo, TA AF Kikaya, Virgile Skolnik, Laura Garcia, Macarena C. Nkonyana, John Curran, Kelly Ashengo, Tigistu Adamu TI Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Programs Can Address Low HIV Testing and Counseling Usage and ART Enrollment among Young Men: Lessons from Lesotho SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PREVENTION; RISK; MORTALITY; KISUMU; UGANDA; KENYA AB Background: Early diagnosis of HIV and treatment initiation at higher CD4 counts improves outcomes and reduces transmission. However, Lesotho is not realizing the full benefits of ART because of the low proportion of men tested (40%). Public sector VMMC services, which were launched in district hospitals in February 2012 by the Lesotho MOH supported by USAID/MCHIP, include HIV testing with referral to care and treatment. The objective of this study was to better understand the contribution of VMMC services to HIV diagnosis and treatment. Methods: VMMC clients diagnosed with HIV were traced after 6 months to ascertain whether they: (1) presented to the referral HIV center, (2) had a CD4 count done and (3) were enrolled on ART. Linkages between VMMC and HIV services were assessed by comparing the proportion of HIV-infected males referred from VMMC services with those from other hospital departments. Results: Between March and September 2012, 72 men presenting for VMMC services tested positive for HIV, representing 65% of the total male tests at the hospital; 45 of these men (62.5%) received an immediate CD4 count and went to the HIV referral site; 40 (89%) were eligible for treatment and initiated ART. 27 clients did not have a CD4 count due to stock-out of reagents. Individuals who did not receive a CD4 count on the same day did not return to the HIV center. Conclusion: All VMMC clients testing positive for HIV and receiving a CD4 count on the testing day began ART. Providing VMMC services in a district hospital offering the continuum of care could increase diagnoses and treatment uptake among men, but requires an investment in communication between VMMC and ART clinics. In high HIV prevalence settings, investing in PIMA CD4 devices at integrated VMMC clinics is likely to increase male ART enrolment. C1 [Kikaya, Virgile; Skolnik, Laura] Jhpiego, Maseru, Lesotho. [Garcia, Macarena C.] US Agcy Int Dev, Lesotho PEPFAR Program, Maseru, Lesotho. [Nkonyana, John] Minist Hlth, Maseru, Lesotho. [Curran, Kelly; Ashengo, Tigistu Adamu] Jhpiego, Baltimore, MD USA. [Curran, Kelly; Ashengo, Tigistu Adamu] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Kikaya, V (reprint author), Jhpiego, Maseru, Lesotho. EM Virgile.Kikaya@Jhpiego.org OI Garcia, Macarena/0000-0003-3716-0369 FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) [GHS-A-00-08-00002-000] FX This work has been supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) under the terms of Cooperative Agreement No. GHS-A-00-08-00002-000. The funder played a significant technical role in study analysis, decision to publish and preparation of the manuscript. USAID staff did not play a role in data collection. The views expressed in this manuscript do not represent USAID or U.S. Government opinions. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 5 AR e83614 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0083614 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ9KS UT WOS:000338029800006 PM 24801714 ER PT J AU Mavhu, W Frade, S Yongho, AM Farrell, M Hatzold, K Machaku, M Onyango, M Mugurungi, O Fimbo, B Cherutich, P Rech, D Castor, D Njeuhmeli, E Bertrand, JT AF Mavhu, Webster Frade, Sasha Yongho, Ann-Marie Farrell, Margaret Hatzold, Karin Machaku, Michael Onyango, Mathews Mugurungi, Owen Fimbo, Bennett Cherutich, Peter Rech, Dino Castor, Delivette Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Bertrand, Jane T. TI Provider Attitudes toward the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Scale-Up in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Countries participating in voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) scale-up have adopted most of six elements of surgical efficiency, depending on national policy. However, effective implementation of these elements largely depends on providers' attitudes and subsequent compliance. We explored the concordance between recommended practices and providers' perceptions toward the VMMC efficiency elements, in part to inform review of national policies. Methods and Findings: As part of Systematic Monitoring of the VMMC Scale-up (SYMMACS), we conducted a survey of VMMC providers in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. SYMMACS assessed providers' attitudes and perceptions toward these elements in 2011 and 2012. A restricted analysis using 2012 data to calculate unadjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the country effect on each attitudinal outcome was done using logistic regression. As only two countries allow more than one cadre to perform the surgical procedure, odds ratios looking at country effect were adjusted for cadre effect for these two countries. Qualitative data from open-ended responses were used to triangulate with quantitative analyses. This analysis showed concordance between each country's policies and provider attitudes toward the efficiency elements. One exception was task-shifting, which is not authorized in South Africa or Zimbabwe; providers across all countries approved this practice. Conclusions: The decision to adopt efficiency elements is often based on national policies. The concordance between the policies of each country and provider attitudes bodes well for compliance and effective implementation. However, study findings suggest that there may be need to consult providers when developing national policies. C1 [Mavhu, Webster] Dept Community Med UZ, Zimbabwe AIDS Prevent Project UZ, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Frade, Sasha; Rech, Dino] Ctr HIV & AIDS Prevent Studies, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Yongho, Ann-Marie; Farrell, Margaret; Bertrand, Jane T.] Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth Syst & Dev, New Orleans, LA USA. [Hatzold, Karin] Populat Serv Int, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Machaku, Michael] Jhpiego, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Onyango, Mathews] FHI 360, Kisumu, Kenya. [Mugurungi, Owen] Minist Hlth & Child Welf, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Fimbo, Bennett] Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Cherutich, Peter] Natl AIDS STD Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. [Castor, Delivette; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Mavhu, W (reprint author), Dept Community Med UZ, Zimbabwe AIDS Prevent Project UZ, Harare, Zimbabwe. EM wmavhu@gmail.com FU USAID | Project SEARCH; President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief; U.S. Agency for International Development [GHH-I-00-07-00032-00] FX The article was supported by USAID | Project SEARCH, Task Order No. 2, funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (www.usaid.gov) under Contract No. GHH-I-00-07-00032-00, beginning September 30, 2008, and supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. The Research to Prevention (R2P) Project is led by the Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health and managed by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs (CCP). USAID staff played a role in study design and data analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. USAID staff did not play a role in data collection. The views expressed in this manuscript do not represent USAID or United States Government opinion. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 5 AR e82911 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0082911 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ9KS UT WOS:000338029800005 PM 24801632 ER PT J AU Menon, V Gold, E Godbole, R Castor, D Mahler, H Forsythe, S Ally, M Njeuhmeli, E AF Menon, Veena Gold, Elizabeth Godbole, Ramona Castor, Delivette Mahler, Hally Forsythe, Steven Ally, Mariam Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Costs and Impacts of Scaling up Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in Tanzania SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIV PREVENTION; TRIAL; MEN AB Background: Given the proven effectiveness of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) in preventing the spread of HIV, Tanzania is scaling up VMMC as an HIV prevention strategy. This study will inform policymakers about the potential costs and benefits of scaling up VMMC services in Tanzania. Methodology: The analysis first assessed the unit costs of delivering VMMC at the facility level in three regions-Iringa, Kagera, and Mbeya-via three currently used VMMC service delivery models (routine, campaign, and mobile/island outreach). Subsequently, using these unit cost data estimates, the study used the Decision Makers' Program Planning Tool (DMPPT) to estimate the costs and impact of a scaled-up VMMC program. Results: Increasing VMMC could substantially reduce HIV infection. Scaling up adult VMMC to reach 87.9% coverage by 2015 would avert nearly 23,000 new adult HIV infections through 2015 and an additional 167,500 from 2016 through 2025-at an additional cost of US$253.7 million through 2015 and US$302.3 million from 2016 through 2025. Average cost per HIV infection averted would be US$11,300 during 2010-2015 and US$3,200 during 2010-2025. Scaling up VMMC in Tanzania will yield significant net benefits (benefits of treatment costs averted minus the cost of performing circumcisions) in the long run-around US$4,200 in net benefits for each infection averted. Conclusion: VMMC could have an immediate impact on HIV transmission, but the full impact on prevalence and deaths will only be apparent in the longer term because VMMC averts infections some years into the future among people who have been circumcised. Given the health and economic benefits of investing in VMMC, the scale-up of services should continue to be a central component of the national HIV prevention strategy in Tanzania. C1 [Menon, Veena; Godbole, Ramona; Forsythe, Steven] HPI Costing Task Order, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Menon, Veena; Godbole, Ramona] Futures Grp Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Gold, Elizabeth] Maternal & Child Hlth Integrated Program Jhpiego, Baltimore, MD USA. [Godbole, Ramona; Castor, Delivette; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Mahler, Hally] Maternal & Child Hlth Integrated Program Jhpiego, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Forsythe, Steven] Futures Inst, Glastonbury, CT USA. [Ally, Mariam] Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Menon, V (reprint author), HPI Costing Task Order, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM vmenon@futuresgroup.com FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Health Policy Initiative [AID-OAA-TO-10-00012] FX Produced with support from United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Health Policy Initiative, Costing Task Order # AID-OAA-TO-10-00012. USAID staff played a role in study design and data analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. USAID staff did not play a role in data collection. The view expressed in this manuscript does not represent USAID or USG opinion. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 5 AR e83925 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0083925 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ9KS UT WOS:000338029800008 PM 24802022 ER PT J AU Njeuhmeli, E Kripke, K Hatzold, K Reed, J Edgil, D Jaramillo, J Castor, D Forsythe, S Xaba, S Mugurungi, O AF Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Kripke, Katharine Hatzold, Karin Reed, Jason Edgil, Dianna Jaramillo, Juan Castor, Delivette Forsythe, Steven Xaba, Sinokuthemba Mugurungi, Owen TI Cost Analysis of Integrating the PrePex Medical Device into a Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Program in Zimbabwe SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; HIV PREVENTION; SCALE-UP; TRIAL; EFFICACY; SAFETY; MEN AB Background: Fourteen African countries are scaling up voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention. Several devices that might offer alternatives to the three WHO-approved surgical VMMC procedures have been evaluated for use in adults. One such device is PrePex, which was prequalified by the WHO in May 2013. We utilized data from one of the PrePex field studies undertaken in Zimbabwe to identify cost considerations for introducing PrePex into the existing surgical circumcision program. Methods and Findings: We evaluated the cost drivers and overall unit cost of VMMC at a site providing surgical VMMC as a routine service ("routine surgery site'') and at a site that had added PrePex VMMC procedures to routine surgical VMMC as part of a research study ("mixed study site''). We examined the main cost drivers and modeled hypothetical scenarios with varying ratios of surgical to PrePex circumcisions, different levels of site utilization, and a range of device prices. The unit costs per VMMC for the routine surgery and mixed study sites were $ 56 and $ 61, respectively. The two greatest contributors to unit price at both sites were consumables and staff. In the hypothetical scenarios, the unit cost increased as site utilization decreased, as the ratio of PrePex to surgical VMMC increased, and as device price increased. Conclusions: VMMC unit costs for routine surgery and mixed study sites were similar. Low service utilization was projected to result in the greatest increases in unit price. Countries that wish to incorporate PrePex into their circumcision programs should plan to maximize staff utilization and ensure that sites function at maximum capacity to achieve the lowest unit cost. Further costing studies will be necessary once routine implementation of PrePex-based circumcision is established. C1 [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel; Edgil, Dianna; Castor, Delivette] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Kripke, Katharine; Forsythe, Steven] Futures Inst, Hlth Policy Initiat, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Hatzold, Karin] Populat Serv Int, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Reed, Jason] Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC USA. [Jaramillo, Juan] Partnership Supply Chain Management Syst, Arlington, VA USA. [Xaba, Sinokuthemba; Mugurungi, Owen] Zimbabwe Minist Hlth & Child Welf, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Kripke, K (reprint author), Futures Inst, Hlth Policy Initiat, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM kkripke@futuresinstitute.org FU PEPFAR (President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief) through the USAID | Health Policy Initiative Costing Task Order [GPO-I-00-05-00040-00] FX Funding support for this work was provided by PEPFAR (President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief) through the USAID | Health Policy Initiative Costing Task Order, contract number GPO-I-00-05-00040-00, beginning July 1, 2010. The Costing Task Order is implemented by Futures Group, in collaboration with the Futures Institute and the Centre for Development and Population Activities. The funder played a significant technical role in study design, analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. The views expressed in this manuscript do not represent the opinion of USAID or the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 5 AR e82533 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0082533 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ9KS UT WOS:000338029800004 PM 24801515 ER PT J AU Perry, L Rech, D Mavhu, W Frade, S Machaku, MD Onyango, M Aduda, DSO Fimbo, B Cherutich, P Castor, D Njeuhmeli, E Bertrand, JT AF Perry, Linnea Rech, Dino Mavhu, Webster Frade, Sasha Machaku, Michael D. Onyango, Mathews Aduda, Dickens S. Omondi Fimbo, Bennett Cherutich, Peter Castor, Delivette Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Bertrand, Jane T. TI Work Experience, Job-Fulfillment and Burnout among VMMC Providers in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE AB Background: Human resource capacity is vital to the scale-up of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) services. VMMC providers are at risk of "burnout'' from performing a single task repeatedly in a high volume work environment that produces long work hours and intense work effort. Methods and findings: The Systematic Monitoring of the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Scale-up (SYMMACS) surveyed VMMC providers in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe in 2011 (n = 357) and 2012 (n = 591). Providers self-reported on their training, work experience, levels of job-fulfillment and work fatigue/burnout. Data analysis included a descriptive analysis of VMMC provider characteristics, and both bivariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with provider work fatigue/burnout. In 2012, Kenyan providers had worked in VMMC for a median of 31 months compared to South Africa (10 months), Tanzania (15 months), and Zimbabwe (11 months). More than three-quarters (78-99%) of providers in all countries in 2012 reported that VMMC is a personally fulfilling job. However, 67% of Kenyan providers reported starting to experience work fatigue/burnout compared to South Africa (33%), Zimbabwe (17%), and Tanzania (15%). Despite the high level of work fatigue/burnout in Kenya, none of the measured factors (i.e., gender, age, full-time versus part-time status, length of service, number of operations performed, or cadre) were significantly associated with work fatigue/burnout in 2011. In 2012, logistic regression found increases in age (p<.05) and number of months working in VMMC (p<.01) were associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing work fatigue/burnout, while higher career total VMMCs decreased the likelihood of experiencing burnout. Conclusion: Given cross-country differences, further elucidation of cultural and other contextual factors that may influence provider burnout is required. Continuing to emphasize the contribution that providers make in the fight against HIV/AIDS is important. C1 [Perry, Linnea; Bertrand, Jane T.] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth Syst & Dev, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Rech, Dino; Frade, Sasha] Ctr HIV & AIDS Prevent Studies, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Mavhu, Webster] Univ Zimbabwe, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Community Med UZ, Zimbabwe AIDS Prevent Project, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Machaku, Michael D.] Jhpiego, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Onyango, Mathews] FHI 360, Kisumu, Kenya. [Aduda, Dickens S. Omondi] Impact Res & Dev Org, Kisumu, Kenya. [Fimbo, Bennett] Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Cherutich, Peter] Natl AIDS STI Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. [Castor, Delivette; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Perry, L (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth Syst & Dev, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM lperry@tulane.edu FU USAID | Project SEARCH, Task Order No. 2 - U. S. Agency for International Development [GHH-I-00-07-00032-00]; President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief FX The article was supported by USAID | Project SEARCH, Task Order No. 2, funded by the U. S. Agency for International Development (www.usaid.gov) under Contract No. GHH-I-00-07-00032-00, beginning September 30, 2008, and supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. The Research to Prevention (R2P) Project is led by the Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health and managed by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs (CCP). USAID staff played a role in study design and data analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. USAID staff did not play a role in data collection. The views expressed in this manuscript do not represent USAID or United States Government opinion. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 5 AR e84215 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0084215 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ9KS UT WOS:000338029800010 PM 24802260 ER PT J AU Rech, D Spyrelis, A Frade, S Perry, L Farrell, M Fertziger, R Toledo, C Castor, D Njeuhmeli, E Loykissoonlal, D Bertrand, JT AF Rech, Dino Spyrelis, Alexandra Frade, Sasha Perry, Linnea Farrell, Margaret Fertziger, Rebecca Toledo, Carlos Castor, Delivette Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Loykissoonlal, Dayanund Bertrand, Jane T. TI Implications of the Fast-Evolving Scale-Up of Adult Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for Quality of Services in South Africa SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIV PREVENTION; TRIAL; MEN AB Background: The scale-up of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) services in South Africa has been rapid, in an attempt to achieve the national government target of 4.3 million adult male circumcisions for HIV prevention by 2016. This study assesses the effect of the scale-up on the quality of the VMMC program. Methods and Findings: This analysis compares the quality of services at 15 sites operational in 2011 to (1) the same 15 sites in 2012 and (2) to a set of 40 sites representing the expanded program in 2012. Trained clinicians scored each site on 29 items measuring readiness to provide quality services (abbreviated version of the WHO Quality Assessment [QA] Guide) and 29 items to assess quality of surgical care provided (pre-op, surgical technique and post-op) based on the observation of VMMC procedures at each site. Declines in quality far outnumbered improvements. The negative effects in terms of readiness to provide quality services were most evident in expanded sites, whereas the declines in provision of quality services tended to affect both repeat sites and expanded sites equally. Areas of notable concern included the monitoring of adverse events, external supervision, post-operative counselling, and some infection control issues. Scores on quality of surgical technique tended to be among the highest across the 58 items observed, and the South Africa program has clearly institutionalized three "best practices'' for surgical efficiency. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the challenges of rapidly developing large numbers of new VMMC sites with the necessary equipment, supplies, and protocols. The scale-up in South Africa has diluted human resources, with negative effects for both the original sites and the expanded program. C1 [Rech, Dino; Spyrelis, Alexandra; Frade, Sasha] Ctr HIV AIDS Prevent Studies CHAPS, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Perry, Linnea; Farrell, Margaret; Bertrand, Jane T.] Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA USA. [Fertziger, Rebecca] US Agcy Int Dev, Pretoria, South Africa. [Toledo, Carlos] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pretoria, South Africa. [Castor, Delivette; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Loykissoonlal, Dayanund] South African Natl Dept Hlth, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Rech, D (reprint author), Ctr HIV AIDS Prevent Studies CHAPS, Johannesburg, South Africa. EM Dino@chaps.org.za FU USAID | Project SEARCH; U.S. Agency for International Development [GHH-I-00-07-00032-00] FX The article was supported by USAID | Project SEARCH, Task Order No. 2, funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (www.usaid.gov) under Contract No. GHH-I-00-07-00032-00, beginning September 30, 2008, and supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. The Research to Prevention (R2P) Project is led by the Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health and managed by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs (CCP). USAID staff played a role in study design and data analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. USAID staff did not play a role in data collection. The views expressed in this manuscript do not represent USAID's or the United States Government's opinion. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 5 AR e80577 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0080577 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ9KS UT WOS:000338029800002 PM 24801209 ER PT J AU Rech, D Bertrand, JT Thomas, N Farrell, M Reed, J Frade, S Samkange, C Obiero, W Agot, K Mahler, H Castor, D Njeuhmeli, E AF Rech, Dino Bertrand, Jane T. Thomas, Nicholas Farrell, Margaret Reed, Jason Frade, Sasha Samkange, Christopher Obiero, Walter Agot, Kawango Mahler, Hally Castor, Delivette Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Surgical Efficiencies and Quality in the Performance of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) Procedures in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID POSTPARTUM TUBAL-LIGATION; NURSE-MIDWIVES; TRIAL; MOZAMBIQUE; THAILAND; CARE; MEN AB Introduction: This analysis explores the association between elements of surgical efficiency in voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC), quality of surgical technique, and the amount of time required to conduct VMMC procedures in actual field settings. Efficiency outcomes are defined in terms of the primary provider's time with the client (PPTC) and total elapsed operating time (TEOT). Methods: Two serial cross-sectional surveys of VMMC sites were conducted in Kenya, Republic of South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe in 2011 and 2012. Trained clinicians observed quality of surgical technique and timed 9 steps in the VMMC procedure. Four elements of efficiency (task-shifting, task-sharing [of suturing], rotation among multiple surgical beds, and use of electrocautery) and quality of surgical technique were assessed as explanatory variables. Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests were used in the bivariate analysis and linear regression models for the multivariate analyses to test the relationship between these five explanatory variables and two outcomes: PPTC and TEOT. The VMMC procedure TEOT and PPTC averaged 23-25 minutes and 6-15 minutes, respectively, across the four countries and two years. The data showed time savings from task-sharing in suturing and use of electrocautery in South Africa and Zimbabwe (where task-shifting is not authorized). After adjusting for confounders, results demonstrated that having a secondary provider complete suturing and use of electrocautery reduced PPTC. Factors related to TEOT varied by country and year, but task-sharing of suturing and/or electrocautery were significant in two countries. Quality of surgical technique was not significantly related to PPTC or TEOT, except for South Africa in 2012 where higher quality was associated with lower TEOT. Conclusions: SYMMACS data confirm the efficiency benefits of task-sharing of suturing and use of electrocautery for decreasing TEOT. Reduced TEOT and PPTC in high volume setting did not result in decreased quality of surgical care. C1 [Rech, Dino; Frade, Sasha] Ctr HIV & AIDS Prevent Studies, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Bertrand, Jane T.; Thomas, Nicholas; Farrell, Margaret] Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth Syst & Dev, New Orleans, LA USA. [Reed, Jason] US Dept State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Samkange, Christopher] Univ Zimbabwe, Coll Hlth Sci, Inst Continuing Hlth Educ, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Obiero, Walter] Natl Reprod Hlth Soc, Kisumu, Kenya. [Agot, Kawango] Impact Res & Dev Org, Kisumu, Kenya. [Mahler, Hally] Jhpiego, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Castor, Delivette; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Rech, D (reprint author), Ctr HIV & AIDS Prevent Studies, Johannesburg, South Africa. EM dino@chaps.org.za FU U.S. Agency for International Development [GHH-I-00-07-00032-00]; Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health; USAID | Project SEARCH FX The article was supported by USAID | Project SEARCH, Task Order No. 2, funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (www. usaid. gov) under Contract No. GHH-I-00-07-00032-00, beginning September 30, 2008, and supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. The Research to Prevention (R2P) Project is led by the Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health and managed by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs (CCP). USAID staff played a role in study design and data analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. USAID staff did not play a role in data collection. The views expressed in this manuscript do not represent USAID or United States Government opinion. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 5 AR e84271 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0084271 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ9KS UT WOS:000338029800011 PM 24802412 ER PT J AU Lee, VC Muriithi, P Gilbert-Nandra, U Kim, AA Schmitz, ME Odek, J Mokaya, R Galbraith, JS AF Lee, Veronica C. Muriithi, Patrick Gilbert-Nandra, Ulrike Kim, Andrea A. Schmitz, Mary E. Odek, James Mokaya, Rose Galbraith, Jennifer S. CA KAIS Study Grp TI Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Kenya: Results From a Nationally Representative Population-Based Survey SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE orphans; vulnerable children; HIV; Kenya ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; HIV; HIV/AIDS; HEALTH; RISK; AIDS; HOUSEHOLD; ERA AB Background: In Kenya, it is estimated that there are approximately 3.6 million children aged,18 years who have been orphaned or who are vulnerable. We examined the data from the second Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS 2012) to determine the number and profile of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Kenya who were aged,18 years. Methods: KAIS 2012 was a nationally representative, population-based household survey. We analyzed the data for all the children from birth to age 17 years who resided in an eligible household so as to determine whether their parents were alive or had been very ill to define their OVC status. Results: We estimated that there were 2.6 million OVC in Kenya in 2012, of whom 1.8 million were orphans and 750,000 were vulnerable. Among orphans, 15% were double orphans. Over one-third of all the OVC were aged between 10 and 14 years. Households with >= 1 OVC (12% of all households) were usually in the lowest 2 wealth quintiles, and 22% of OVC households had experienced moderate or severe hunger. Receipt of OVC support services was low for medical (3.7%), psychological (4.1%), social (1.3%), and material support (6.2%); educational support was slightly more common (11.5%). Orphanhood among children aged <15 years increased from 1993 to 2003 (P < 0.01) but declined from 2003 to 2012 (P< 0.01). Conclusions: The 2.6 million OVC constitute a significant proportion of Kenya's population aged,18 years. Special attention should be paid to OVC to prevent further vulnerability and ensure their well-being and development as they transition into adulthood. C1 [Lee, Veronica C.] Assoc Sch & Programs Publ Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. [Muriithi, Patrick] Natl AIDS Control Council, Div Monitoring Evaluat & Res, Nairobi, Kenya. [Gilbert-Nandra, Ulrike] United Nations Childrens Fund, Nairobi, Kenya. [Kim, Andrea A.; Schmitz, Mary E.; Galbraith, Jennifer S.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. [Odek, James; Mokaya, Rose] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Lee, VC (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Assoc Sch & Programs Publ Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, POB 606-00621, Nairobi, Kenya. EM vsr0@cdc.gov FU National AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Control Programme (NASCOP); Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS); National Public Health Laboratory Services (NPHLS); National AIDS Control Council (NACC); National Council for Population and Development (NCPD); Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI); US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC/Kenya, CDC/Atlanta); United States Agency for International Development (USAID/Kenya); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF); Joint United Nations Team on HIV/AIDS; Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA); Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF); Liverpool Voluntary Counseling and Testing (LVCT); African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF); World Bank; Global Fund; US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through cooperative agreements from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV/AIDS [PS001805, GH000069, PS001814]; CDC [U36/CCU300430]; Association of Schools of Public Health (ASPH) FX KAIS 2012 was supported by the National AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Control Programme (NASCOP), Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), National Public Health Laboratory Services (NPHLS), National AIDS Control Council (NACC), National Council for Population and Development (NCPD), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC/Kenya, CDC/Atlanta), United States Agency for International Development (USAID/Kenya), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Joint United Nations Team on HIV/AIDS, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF), Liverpool Voluntary Counseling and Testing (LVCT), African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), World Bank, and Global Fund. This publication was made possible by the support from the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through cooperative agreements [# PS001805, GH000069, and PS001814] from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV/AIDS. This work was also funded in part by support from the Global Fund, World Bank, and the Joint United Nations Team for HIV/AIDS. Support was also provided through cooperative agreement number U36/CCU300430 from the CDC and the Association of Schools of Public Health (ASPH). NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 66 SU 1 BP S89 EP S97 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA AL3LO UT WOS:000339029600011 PM 24732824 ER PT J AU Wafula, R Masyuko, S Ng'ang'a, L Kim, AA Gichangi, A Mukui, I Batuka, J Ngugi, EW Maina, WK Schwarcz, S AF Wafula, Rose Masyuko, Sarah Ng'ang'a, Lucy Kim, Andrea A. Gichangi, Anthony Mukui, Irene Batuka, James Ngugi, Evelyn W. Maina, William K. Schwarcz, Sandra CA KAIS Study Grp TI Engagement in HIV Care Among Kenyan Adults and Adolescents: Results From a National Population-Based Survey SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; viral suppression; antiretroviral therapy; cotrimoxazole; Kenya ID COMMUNITY VIRAL LOAD; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RNA LEVELS; PREVENTION; INFECTION; MORTALITY AB Background: Increasing access to care and treatment for HIV-infected persons is a goal in Kenya's response to the HIV epidemic. Using data from the second Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS 2012), we describe coverage of services received among adults and adolescents who were enrolled in HIV care. Methods: KAIS 2012 was a population-based survey that collected information from persons aged 15-64 years that included self-reported HIV status, and for persons reporting HIV infection, use of HIV care and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Blood specimens were collected and tested for HIV. HIV-positive specimens were tested for CD4 counts and viral load. Results: Among 363 persons who reported HIV infection, 93.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 87.2 to 99.6] had ever received HIV care. Among those receiving HIV care, 96.3% (95% CI: 94.1 to 98.4) were using cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, and 74.6% (95% CI: 69.0 to 80.2) were receiving ART. A lower proportion of persons in care and not on ART reported using cotrimoxazole (89.5%, 95% CI: 82.5 to 96.5 compared with 98.6%, 95% CI: 97.1 to 100) and had a CD4 count measurement done (72.9%, 95% CI: 64.0 to 81.9 compared with 90.0%, 95% CI: 82.8 to 97.3) than persons in care and on ART, respectively. Among persons in care and not on ART, 23.2% (95% CI: 6.8 to 39.7) had CD4 counts <= 350 cells per microliter. Viral suppression was observed in 75.3% (95% CI: 68.7 to 81.9) of persons on ART. Conclusions: Linkage and retention in care are high among persons with known HIV infection. However, improvements in care for the pre-ART population are needed. Viral suppression rates were comparable to developed settings. C1 [Wafula, Rose; Masyuko, Sarah; Mukui, Irene; Maina, William K.] Minist Hlth, Natl AIDS & Sexually Transmitted Infect STI Contr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Ng'ang'a, Lucy; Kim, Andrea A.; Gichangi, Anthony; Ngugi, Evelyn W.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. [Batuka, James] US Agcy Int Dev, Nairobi, Kenya. [Schwarcz, Sandra] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Wafula, R (reprint author), Kenyatta Natl Hosp Grounds, Minist Hlth, Natl AIDS & STI Control Programme, Nairobi 1936100202, Kenya. EM rwafula@nascop.or.ke FU National AIDS and STI Control Programme (NASCOP); Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS); National Public Health Laboratory Services (NPHLS); National AIDS Control Council (NACC); National Council for Population and Development (NCPD); Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI); U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC/Kenya, CDC/Atlanta); United States Agency for International Development (USAID/Kenya); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF); Joint United Nations Team on HIV/AIDS, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA); Elizabeth Glaser Paediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF); Liverpool Voluntary Counselling and Testing (LVCT); African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF); World Bank; Global Fund; U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV/AIDS [PS001805, GH000069, PS001814]; Joint United Nations Team for HIV/AIDS FX KAIS 2012 was supported by the National AIDS and STI Control Programme (NASCOP), Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), National Public Health Laboratory Services (NPHLS), National AIDS Control Council (NACC), National Council for Population and Development (NCPD), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC/Kenya, CDC/Atlanta), United States Agency for International Development (USAID/Kenya), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Joint United Nations Team on HIV/AIDS, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Elizabeth Glaser Paediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF), Liverpool Voluntary Counselling and Testing (LVCT), African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), World Bank, and Global Fund. This publication was made possible by support from the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through cooperative agreements [PS001805, GH000069, and PS001814] from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV/AIDS. This work was also funded in part by support from the Global Fund, World Bank, and the Joint United Nations Team for HIV/AIDS. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAY 1 PY 2014 VL 66 SU 1 BP S98 EP S105 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA AL3LO UT WOS:000339029600012 PM 24732825 ER PT J AU Sgaier, SK Reed, JB Thomas, A Njeuhmeli, E AF Sgaier, Sema K. Reed, Jason B. Thomas, Anne Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Achieving the HIV Prevention Impact of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Lessons and Challenges for Managing Programs SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; MEN; HIV/AIDS; KISUMU; TRIAL; KENYA; INDIA AB Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is capable of reducing the risk of sexual transmission of HIV from females to males by approximately 60%. In 2007, the WHO and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) recommended making VMMC part of a comprehensive HIV prevention package in countries with a generalized HIV epidemic and low rates of male circumcision. Modeling studies undertaken in 2009-2011 estimated that circumcising 80% of adult males in 14 priority countries in Eastern and Southern Africa within five years, and sustaining coverage levels thereafter, could avert 3.4 million HIV infections within 15 years and save US$16.5 billion in treatment costs. In response, WHO/UNAIDS launched the Joint Strategic Action Framework for accelerating the scale-up of VMMC for HIV prevention in Southern and Eastern Africa, calling for 80% coverage of adult male circumcision by 2016. While VMMC programs have grown dramatically since inception, they appear unlikely to reach this goal. This review provides an overview of findings from the PLOS Collection "Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention: Improving Quality, Efficiency, Cost Effectiveness, and Demand for Services during an Accelerated Scale-up.'' The use of devices for VMMC is also explored. We propose emphasizing management solutions to help VMMC programs in the priority countries achieve the desired impact of averting the greatest possible number of HIV infections. Our recommendations include advocating for prioritization and funding of VMMC, increasing strategic targeting to achieve the goal of reducing HIV incidence, focusing on programmatic efficiency, exploring the role of new technologies, rethinking demand creation, strengthening data use for decision-making, improving governments' program management capacity, strategizing for sustainability, and maintaining a flexible scale-up strategy informed by a strong monitoring, learning, and evaluation platform. C1 [Sgaier, Sema K.] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Global Dev Program, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Sgaier, Sema K.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Reed, Jason B.] Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC USA. [Thomas, Anne] US Dept Def, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Sgaier, SK (reprint author), Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Global Dev Program, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM Sema.Sgaier@gatesfoundation.org FU United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the US Agency for International Development (USAID); PEPFAR through USAID's Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) [GHS-A-00-08-00002-000]; AIDS Support and Technical Assistance Resources (AIDSTAR-One) Project, Sector I, Task Order 1 [GHH-I-00-07-00059-00] FX The United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) supported the manuscripts included in this collection through the US Agency for International Development (USAID). This collection was funded by PEPFAR through USAID's Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP), under Cooperative Agreement #GHS-A-00-08-00002-000 and AIDS Support and Technical Assistance Resources (AIDSTAR-One) Project, Sector I, Task Order 1 under contract number GHH-I-00-07-00059-00. Staff from the funding bodies played a significant role in study design, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Disclaimer: The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator, the US Agency for International Development, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the US Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 38 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1549-1676 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 11 IS 5 AR e1001641 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001641 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AJ0MY UT WOS:000337349300004 PM 24800840 ER PT J AU Spieler, J AF Spieler, Jeff TI Sayana((R)) Press: can it be a ''game changer'' for reducing unmet need for family planning? SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Sci & Technol Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Spieler, J (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Sci & Technol Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jspieler@usaid.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD MAY PY 2014 VL 89 IS 5 BP 335 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.02.010 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA AH7TV UT WOS:000336339100002 PM 24703826 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD Halpern, V AF Shelton, James D. Halpern, Vera TI Subcutaneous DMPA: a better lower dose approach Comment SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID USERS C1 [Shelton, James D.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Halpern, Vera] FHI 360, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD MAY PY 2014 VL 89 IS 5 BP 341 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.10.010 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA AH7TV UT WOS:000336339100004 PM 24267634 ER PT J AU Polis, CB Nakigozi, GF Nakawooya, H Mondo, G Makumbi, F Gray, RH AF Polis, Chelsea B. Nakigozi, Gertrude F. Nakawooya, Hadijja Mondo, George Makumbi, Fredrick Gray, Ronald H. CA Rakai Hlth Sci Program Sayana TI Preference for Sayana (R) Press versus intramuscular Depo-Provera among HIV-positive women in Rakai, Uganda: a randomized crossover trial SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE Injectable; Contraception; Subcutaneous; Intramuscular; Acceptability ID HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVE USE; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INFECTED WOMEN; PHARMACOKINETICS; PROGRESSION; INDONESIA; EFFICACY; DELIVERY; SAFETY AB Introduction: Sayana Press (SP), a subcutaneous formulation of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) prefilled in a Uniject injection system, could potentially improve and expand contraceptive injection services, but acceptability of SP is unknown. HIV-positive women need contraception to avoid unintended pregnancy and risk of vertical HIV transmission. We assessed acceptability of SP versus intramuscular DMPA (DMPA-IM) among HIV-positive women and their care providers in Rakai, Uganda. Methods: Women were randomized to DMPA-IM or SP at baseline, received the alternate product at 3 months, and chose their preferred method at 6 months. We determined preferences among new and experienced contraceptive injectable users who had tried both types of injection during the trial, and from providers before and after providing both types of injectables to clients. Results: Among 357 women randomized, 314 were followed up at 6 months (88%). Although SP caused more skin irritation than DMPA-IM (3.8% vs. 0% at 6 months, p=.03), it was associated with marginally fewer side effects (30.4% vs. 40.4% at 6 months, p=.06). Participants reported high levels of willingness to recommend the DMPA contraception to a friend and satisfaction with the injection received, and these did not differ by injection type. Sixty-four percent of women and 73% of providers preferred SP to DMPA-IM at 6 months; women's preferences did not differ by previous experience with injectable contraception. Conclusions: SP is acceptable to HIV-positive women and health care providers in this rural Ugandan population. Implications: SP appears to be acceptable to HIV-positive women and their care providers in Rakai, Uganda, and strategies for appropriate rollout of this innovative technology should be explored. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Polis, Chelsea B.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Polis, Chelsea B.; Gray, Ronald H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Nakigozi, Gertrude F.; Nakawooya, Hadijja; Mondo, George] Rakai Hlth Sci Program, Kalisizo, Uganda. [Makumbi, Fredrick] Makerere Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. RP Polis, CB (reprint author), USAID, Bur Global Hlth, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth Res, Technol & Utilizat Div, 1201 Penn Ave,Suite 315, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM cpolis@usaid.gov OI Polis, Chelsea/0000-0002-1031-7074 FU Society for Family Planning; Bill and Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health FX Funding for this study was provided by the Society for Family Planning, the Bill and Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health, and the discretionary funding of Dr. Ronald Gray. Pfizer donated the Sayana Press study product and did not provide monetary support for the trial. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD MAY PY 2014 VL 89 IS 5 BP 385 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.11.008 PG 11 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA AH7TV UT WOS:000336339100012 PM 24332432 ER PT J AU Woldeamanuel, YW Girma, B AF Woldeamanuel, Yohannes W. Girma, Belaineh TI A 43-year systematic review and meta-analysis: case-fatality and risk of death among adults with tuberculous meningitis in Africa SO JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review DE Meningitis; Tuberculous meningitis; Africa; Systematic review; Meta-analysis; Case-fatality ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; HIV-INFECTION; INTRACRANIAL TUBERCULOMAS; HIGH PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; DISEASE; CORTICOSTEROIDS; MANAGEMENT; STATEMENT AB Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a preventable and curable common health problem among African adults. Poor nutrition, poverty, household crowding, drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) strains, AIDS, and malfunctioning TB control programs are important risk factors. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature reporting case-fatalities of TBM among adults in African countries from 1970 till date. A PubMed search identified relevant papers. Employed terms include 'adult tuberculous meningitis' AND 'tuberculosis Africa'. PRISMA review guidelines were applied. Adult TBM case-fatalities, odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR), forest-plot meta-analysis for weighted OR and RR, funnel plots, L'Abb, plots, meta-regressed bubble plots, and inter-study homogeneity were computed. Among 15 studies included, adult TBM occurred in up to 28 % of all meningitis forms with case-fatality of 60 % (inverse-variance weighted 54 %). Fixed-effect meta-analysis revealed weighted OR and RR of adult TBM fatalities to be 4.37 (95 % CI 3.92, 4.88) and 2.53 (95 % CI 2.38, 2.69), respectively. Inter-study homogeneity was reliable, regional representativeness was adequate allowing generalizability, and funnel-plots behaved symmetrically with insignificant inconsistency. All cases were initiated with anti-TB medication, while some had 'breakthrough' TBM. In Africa, adult TBM has a significant public health importance with a very high fatality which has remained stagnant for the past half-century. This reflects ongoing low quality of medical care at facilities where lengthy referrals end up. Community-based studies can reveal higher unaccounted morbidity, accrued disability, and larger mortality. Improving access points for early TB management at community-level, developing health infra-structure for comprehensive case management at facility-level, and poverty reduction can help combat this multi-faceted problem-whose reduction can in return help fight poverty. C1 [Woldeamanuel, Yohannes W.] Univ Addis Ababa, Fac Med, Dept Neurol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Woldeamanuel, Yohannes W.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Med, London, England. [Girma, Belaineh] USAID Management Sci Hlth Help Ethiopia Address, Monitoring & Evaluat Team, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Woldeamanuel, YW (reprint author), Univ Addis Ababa, Fac Med, Dept Neurol, POB 2739, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM yohannes.woldeamanuel@gmail.com OI Woldeamanuel, Yohannes Woubishet/0000-0003-4879-6098 NR 64 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0340-5354 EI 1432-1459 J9 J NEUROL JI J. Neurol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 261 IS 5 BP 851 EP 865 DI 10.1007/s00415-013-7060-6 PG 15 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AG9XE UT WOS:000335772500001 PM 23963469 ER PT J AU Olmedo, B Miranda, E Cordon, O Pettker, CM Funai, EF AF Olmedo, Benjamin Miranda, Eva Cordon, Oscar Pettker, Christian M. Funai, Edmund F. TI Improving maternal health and safety through adherence to postpartum hemorrhage protocol in Latin America SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS LA English DT Article DE Maternal health; Patient safety; Peru; Postpartum hemorrhage prevention; Protocol adherence ID 3RD STAGE; MANAGEMENT; COUNTRIES; LABOR AB Objective: To determine provider compliance with protocols for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage and provider characteristics associated with adherence and non-adherence. Methods: A multicenter descriptive study was conducted involving 78 direct observations of provider-implemented protocols and 52 interviews with Peruvian maternal healthcare providers at 4 Peruvian clinical sites representing the local, regional, and national levels of care. Parturient participants planning a normal vaginal delivery were 17-49 years of age and 34-42 weeks pregnant. Primary outcomes were compared using chi 2 testing, while quantitative survey data were evaluated using means, standard deviations, and Student t test or analysis of variance for statistical significance. Results: There were 3 significant differences between the national, regional, and local levels of care: adherence to all 3 interventions (P< 0.001); professional experience (P < 0.04); and retention of healthcare providers (P < 0.001). There were no differences in provider training (P < 0.097), and the retention of experienced healthcare providers was not associated with greater adherence to protocols. There were no significant differences in parturient characteristics. Conclusion: Individual characteristics and institutional beliefs may have more influence than experience or training on adherence to protocols for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage; addressing these biases may improve patient safety in Peru and throughout Latin America. (C) 2014 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Olmedo, Benjamin] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Phys Associate Program, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Miranda, Eva; Cordon, Oscar] USAID Peru Qual Hlth Care, US Agcy Int Dev, Lima, Peru. [Pettker, Christian M.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Funai, Edmund F.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Olmedo, B (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Phys Associate Program, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM ben.olmedo@gmail.com FU Yale Wilbur Downs International Travel Fellowship; Yale School of Medicine Office of Student Research FX Financial support was provided by the Yale Wilbur Downs International Travel Fellowship and the Yale School of Medicine Office of Student Research. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0020-7292 EI 1879-3479 J9 INT J GYNECOL OBSTET JI Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 125 IS 2 BP 162 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.ijgo.2013.10.017 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA AG2XB UT WOS:000335279300018 PM 24548891 ER PT J AU Usuf, E Mackenzie, G Lowe-Jallow, Y Boye, B Atherly, D Suraratdecha, C Griffiths, UK AF Usuf, E. Mackenzie, G. Lowe-Jallow, Y. Boye, B. Atherly, D. Suraratdecha, C. Griffiths, U. K. TI Costs of vaccine delivery in the Gambia before and after, pentavalent and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introductions SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; Vaccine; Costs; Gambia; Immunisation ID IMMUNIZATION SERVICES AB Background: The Gambia introduced seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in August 2009 and switched to 13-valent PCV in April 2011. In April 2009 monovalent hepatitis B and combined Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines were transitioned to a combined pentavalent vaccine. The current schedule offers three doses of PCV and pentavalent, and continues to give children monovalent hepatitis B vaccine at birth. We estimated the overall costs of the Gambian immunisation programme and the incremental costs of introducing pentavalent and the seven-valent PCV. Methods: Twenty health facilities out of a total of 56 were surveyed. Data collected included number of vaccine doses delivered, staff time spent on vaccine delivery, distance travelled to collect vaccines, and cold chain expansion due to new vaccine introduction. National level data were collected from key informant interviews. Annualised costs were calculated in 2009 US$. Results: With a PCV price of US$7 per dose, the incremental costs of introducing PCV was US$1.6 million, equivalent to US$25 per fully immunised child, with systems costs accounting for US$1.90. The switch to pentavalent vaccine resulted in cost savings of US$0.45 per fully immunised child. Total annual costs increased by 45% after the introduction of the new vaccines, amounting to US$ 3.0 million, or US$45 per fully immunised child. Conclusion: Vaccine prices were the most important determinant of total incremental costs and cold chain expansion the biggest cost component of systems costs. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Usuf, E.; Mackenzie, G.] Gambia Unit, MRC, Banjul, Gambia. [Usuf, E.; Lowe-Jallow, Y.; Boye, B.] Gambia Govt, Banjul, Gambia. [Usuf, E.; Griffiths, U. K.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England. [Atherly, D.] PATH, San Francisco, CA USA. [Suraratdecha, C.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Usuf, E (reprint author), Gambia Unit, Pneumococcal Surveillance Project, MRC, POB 273, Banjul, Gambia. EM effuau@gmail.com FU Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH); Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation (GAVI) FX Support for this project was provided by Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH) through funding from the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation (GAVI). The views expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect the views of GAVI and/or PATH. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 7 PY 2014 VL 32 IS 17 BP 1975 EP 1981 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.045 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA AH3IK UT WOS:000336016700009 PM 24503271 ER PT J AU Leclerc-Madlala, S AF Leclerc-Madlala, Suzanne Madlala TI Silver bullets, glass beads, and strengthening Africa's HIV response SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Global Hlth Bur, Off HIV AIDS, USAID, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Leclerc-Madlala, S (reprint author), Global Hlth Bur, Off HIV AIDS, USAID, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM Sleclerc-madlala@usaid.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 5 PY 2014 VL 383 IS 9924 BP 1203 EP 1204 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AE6LO UT WOS:000334104600013 PM 24712031 ER PT J AU Petach, H AF Petach, Helen TI NextGen Speaks SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Petach, H (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM helen.petach@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 4 PY 2014 VL 344 IS 6179 BP 34 EP 34 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AE1RD UT WOS:000333746100020 ER PT J AU Johns, B Asfaw, E Wong, W Bekele, A Minior, T Kebede, A Palen, J AF Johns, Benjamin Asfaw, Elias Wong, Wendy Bekele, Abebe Minior, Thomas Kebede, Amha Palen, John TI Assessing the Costs and Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy Task Shifting From Physicians to Other Health Professionals in Ethiopia SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral therapy; AIDS; costs and cost analysis; task performance and analysis; Ethiopia ID UNIVERSAL ACCESS; CARE; AFRICA; HIV/AIDS; DELIVERY AB Objective:To evaluate the effects, costs, and cost-effectiveness of different degrees of antiretroviral therapy task shifting from physician to other health professionals in Ethiopia.Design:Two-year retrospective cohort analysis on antiretroviral therapy patients coupled with cost analysis.Interventions:Facilities with minimal or moderate task shifting compared with facilities with maximal task shifting. Maximal task shifting is defined as nonphysician clinicians handling both severe drug reactions and antiretroviral drug regimen changes. Secondary analysis compares health centers to hospitals.Main outcome measures:The primary effectiveness measure is the probability of a patient remaining actively on antiretroviral therapy for 2 years; the cost measure is the cost per patient per year.Results:All facilities had some task shifting. About 89% of patients were actively on treatment 2 years after antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation, with no statistically significant differences between facilities with maximal and minimal or moderate task shifting. It cost about $206 per patient per year for ART, with no statistically significant difference between the comparison groups. The cost-effectiveness of maximal task shifting is similar to minimal or moderate task shifting, with the same results obtained using regression to control for facility characteristics.Conclusions:Shifting the handling of both severe drug reactions and antiretroviral drug regimen changes from physicians to other clinical officers is not associated with a significant change in the 2-year treatment success rate or the costs of ART care. As an observational study, these results are tentative, and more research is needed in determining the optimal patterns of task shifting. C1 [Johns, Benjamin; Wong, Wendy; Palen, John] Abt Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Asfaw, Elias; Bekele, Abebe; Kebede, Amha] Ethiopian Hlth & Nutr Res Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Minior, Thomas] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Johns, B (reprint author), Abt Associates Inc, 4550 Montgomery Ave, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM ben_johns@abtassoc.com OI van der Palen, Job/0000-0003-1071-6769 FU United States Agency for International Development through the Health Systems 20/20 grant [GHS-A-00-06-00010-00] FX Supported by funding from the United States Agency for International Development through the Health Systems 20/20 grant cooperative agreement number GHS-A-00-06-00010-00. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 65 IS 4 BP E140 EP E147 DI 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000064 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA AD3PU UT WOS:000333159000002 PM 24577187 ER PT J AU Ingwersen, WW Garmestani, AS Gonzalez, MA Templeton, JJ AF Ingwersen, Wesley W. Garmestani, Ahjond S. Gonzalez, Michael A. Templeton, Joshua J. TI A systems perspective on responses to climate change SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT Article DE Climate mitigation; Adaptation strategies; Systems theory; Life cycle thinking; Risk-benefit analysis ID CARBON; THRESHOLDS; CAPACITY; POLICY AB The science of climate change integrates many scientific fields to explain and predict the complex effects of greenhouse gas concentrations on the planet's energy balance, weather patterns, and ecosystems as well as economic and social systems. A changing climate requires responses to curtail climate forcing as well as to adapt to impending changes. Responses can be categorized into mitigation and adaptation-the former involving efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the latter involving strategies to adapt to predicted changes. These responses must be of significant scale and extent to be effective, but significant tradeoffs and unintended effects must be avoided. Concepts and science based on systems theory are needed to reduce the risk of unintended consequences from potential responses to climate change. We propose expanding on a conventional risk-based approach to include additional ways of analyzing risks and benefits, such as considering potential cascading ecological effects, full life cycle environmental impacts, and unintended consequences, as well as considering possible co-benefits of responses. Selected responses to climate change are assessed with this expanded set of criteria, and we find that mitigation measures that involve reducing emissions of greenhouse gases that provide corollary benefits are likely to have less negative indirect impacts than large-scale solar radiation management approaches. However, because effects of climate change are unavoidable in the near and medium-term, adaptation strategies that will make societies more resilient in the face of impending change are essential to sustainability. C1 [Ingwersen, Wesley W.; Garmestani, Ahjond S.; Gonzalez, Michael A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Templeton, Joshua J.] US Embassy Peru, US Agcy Int Dev, Lima, Peru. RP Ingwersen, WW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 26W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM ingwersen.wesley@epa.gov OI Ingwersen, Wesley/0000-0002-9614-701X NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X EI 1618-9558 J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD APR PY 2014 VL 16 IS 4 SI SI BP 719 EP 730 DI 10.1007/s10098-012-0577-z PG 12 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AF4KF UT WOS:000334680100006 ER PT J AU Heiby, J AF Heiby, James TI The use of modern quality improvement approaches to strengthen African health systems: a 5-year agenda SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR QUALITY IN HEALTH CARE LA English DT Article DE Africa; health systems strengthening; quality improvement ID MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; CARE QUALITY; MANAGEMENT; GUIDELINES; PROGRAM; HIV; COLLABORATIVES; SUPERVISION; PREVENTION AB There is a growing international consensus that African health systems need to improve, but no agreement on how to accomplish this. From the perspective of modern quality improvement (QI), a central issue for low performance in these health systems is the relative neglect of health-care processes. Both health system leaders and international donors have focused their efforts elsewhere, producing noteworthy health gains. But these gains are at risk if health systems do not develop the capacity to study and improve care processes. Substantial experience with QI in Africa shows impressive potential for broad-based process improvement. But this experience also highlights the need for modifying these growing programs to incorporate a more rigorous learning component to address challenges that have emerged recently. The addition of a region-wide knowledge management program could increase the efficiency of each countrys QI program by learning from the experiences of other programs. With a coordinated donor initiative, it is reasonable to project that within 5 years, evidence-based improvement will become a norm in health services, and African health systems will approach the model of a learning organization. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Heiby, J (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jheiby@usaid.gov NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1353-4505 EI 1464-3677 J9 INT J QUAL HEALTH C JI Int. J. Qual. Health Care PD APR PY 2014 VL 26 IS 2 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1093/intqhc/mzt093 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA AF4MR UT WOS:000334687500002 PM 24481053 ER PT J AU Wachira, J Middlestadt, S Reece, M Peng, CYJ Braitstein, P AF Wachira, Juddy Middlestadt, Susan Reece, Michael Peng, Chao-Ying Joanne Braitstein, Paula TI Physician communication behaviors from the perspective of adult HIV patients in Kenya SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR QUALITY IN HEALTH CARE LA English DT Article DE patientprovider communication; information; patient-centred care; infectious disease; disease categories ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; MEDICAL-CARE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INFECTED ADULTS; WESTERN KENYA; HEALTH-STATUS; ADHERENCE; PERCEPTION; RETENTION; BELIEFS AB We describe perceived physician communication behaviors and its association with adherence to care, among HIV patients in Kenya. This cross-sectional study was conducted between July and August 2011. The study was conducted in three adult HIV clinics within the Academic Model Providing Healthcare program in western Kenya. HIV adult patients. Patients predisposition to attend clinic, missed appointment and missed combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) medication. A total of 400 patients were enrolled and participated in the study; the median age was 38 years (IQR 3344) and 56.5 were female. Patients perceived physicians engaged in a high number of communication behaviors (mean 3.80, range 15). A higher perceived general health status (P 0.01), shorter distance to the health facility (P 0.03) and lesser time spent at the health facility (P 0.02) were associated with a higher number of perceived physician communication behaviors. Physicianpatient relationship factors were not associated with physician communication behaviors. In addition, a higher number of perceived physician communication behaviors was associated with a very high likelihood of patients attending the next HIV clinic [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.89, 95 confidence interval (CI): 1.492.40], a lower likelihood of patients missing an appointment (AOR: 0.75, 95 CI: 0.610.92) and missing cART medication (AOR: 0.68, 95 CI: 0.520.87). Patients perception of physician communication behaviors was found to be associated with their adherence to HIV care. C1 [Wachira, Juddy; Braitstein, Paula] USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA, Eldoret 30100, Kenya. [Middlestadt, Susan; Reece, Michael] Indiana Univ, Sch Hlth Phys Educ & Recreat, Bloomington, IN USA. [Reece, Michael] Indiana Univ, Ctr Sexual Hlth Promot, Bloomington, IN USA. [Peng, Chao-Ying Joanne] Indiana Univ, Sch Educ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Braitstein, Paula] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Braitstein, Paula] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Braitstein, Paula] Regenstrief Inst Inc, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Braitstein, Paula] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Wachira, J (reprint author), AMPATH, Nandi Rd,POB 4606, Eldoret 30100, Kenya. EM wachirajuddy@gmail.com FU School of Health Physical Education and Recreation (HPER) FX This study was partly funded by the School of Health Physical Education and Recreation (HPER) fellowship grant awarded to the main author for the completion of a PhD in Human Behavior at Indiana University, USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1353-4505 EI 1464-3677 J9 INT J QUAL HEALTH C JI Int. J. Qual. Health Care PD APR PY 2014 VL 26 IS 2 BP 190 EP 197 DI 10.1093/intqhc/mzu004 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA AF4MR UT WOS:000334687500012 PM 24519123 ER PT J AU Karesh, WB Mazet, JAK Clements, A AF Karesh, W. B. Mazet, J. A. K. Clements, A. TI Upstream surveillance - Scanning for zoonoses in wildlife SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Karesh, W. B.] EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY USA. [Mazet, J. A. K.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Clements, A.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 EI 1878-3511 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2014 VL 21 SU 1 MA 11.003 BP 28 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.470 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA V43TP UT WOS:000209704000059 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, James D. TI Health in Bangladesh: lessons and challenges SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 22 PY 2014 VL 383 IS 9922 BP 1037 EP 1037 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AD8MV UT WOS:000333521200018 PM 24656195 ER PT J AU Cook, J Elwell, N AF Cook, Jonathan Elwell, Natalie TI Bridging the academic-practitioner divide SO THIRD WORLD QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 [Cook, Jonathan] USAID, Global Climate Change Off, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Elwell, Natalie] USAID, Gender Equal & Womens Empowerment Off, Washington, DC USA. RP Cook, J (reprint author), USAID, Global Climate Change Off, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jcook@usaid.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0143-6597 EI 1360-2241 J9 THIRD WORLD Q JI Third World Q. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 35 IS 3 BP 507 EP 509 DI 10.1080/01436597.2014.893491 PG 3 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA AH1LR UT WOS:000335882800011 ER PT J AU Atwoli, L Ayuku, D Hogan, J Koech, J Vreeman, RC Ayaya, S Braitstein, P AF Atwoli, Lukoye Ayuku, David Hogan, Joseph Koech, Julius Vreeman, Rachel Christine Ayaya, Samuel Braitstein, Paula TI Impact of Domestic Care Environment on Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Orphans in Western Kenya SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; SOUTH-AFRICA; VIOLENCE; CHILDREN; VICTIMIZATION; ADOLESCENTS; AGGRESSION; HOMELESS; FOSTER; HEALTH AB Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the domestic care environment on the prevalence of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among orphaned and separated children in Uasin Gishu County, western Kenya. Methods: A total of 1565 (55.5% male) orphaned and separated adolescents aged 10-18 years (mean 13.8 years, sd 2.2), were assessed for PTSD and PTEs including bullying, physical abuse and sexual abuse. In this sample, 746 lived in extended family households, 746 in Charitable Children's Institutions (CCIs), and 73 on the street. Posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) scores and PTSD were assessed using the Child PTSD Checklist. Results: Bullying was the commonest PTE in all domestic care environments, followed by physical and sexual abuse. All PTEs were commonest among the street youth followed by CCIs. However, sexual abuse was more prevalent in households than in CCIs. Prevalence of PTSD was highest among street youth (28.8%), then households (15.0%) and CCIs (11.5%). PTSS scores were also highest among street youth, followed by CCIs and households. Bullying was associated with higher PTSS scores and PTSD odds than either sexual or physical abuse. Conclusion: This study demonstrated differences in distribution of trauma and PTSD among orphaned and separated children in different domestic care environments, with street youth suffering more than those in CCIs or households. Interventions are needed to address bullying and sexual abuse, especially in extended family households. Street youth, a heretofore neglected population, are urgently in need of dedicated mental health services and support. C1 [Atwoli, Lukoye] Moi Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Dept Mental Hlth, Eldoret, Kenya. [Ayuku, David] Moi Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Dept Behav Sci, Eldoret, Kenya. [Hogan, Joseph] Brown Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Hogan, Joseph; Koech, Julius; Vreeman, Rachel Christine; Braitstein, Paula] USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA, Eldoret, Kenya. [Vreeman, Rachel Christine] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Childrens Hlth Serv Res, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Ayaya, Samuel] Moi Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Dept Child Hlth & Pediat, Eldoret, Kenya. [Braitstein, Paula] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Braitstein, Paula] Moi Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Dept Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Braitstein, Paula] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Braitstein, Paula] Regenstrief Inst Inc, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Atwoli, L (reprint author), Moi Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Dept Mental Hlth, Eldoret, Kenya. EM Lukoye@gmail.com RI Hogan, Joseph/J-4579-2014; OI Hogan, Joseph/0000-0001-7959-7361; Atwoli, Lukoye/0000-0001-7710-9723 FU Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [R01HD060478] FX This work was supported by Award Number R01HD060478 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 13 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e89937 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0089937 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC9JS UT WOS:000332851300011 PM 24625395 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD Hodgins, S AF Shelton, James D. Hodgins, Stephen TI The Human Resources for Health Program in Rwanda SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter AB In this study, the authors found that mutations in HFM1, which encodes a protein necessary for homologous recombination of chromosomes, are present in women with primary ovarian insufficiency.To the Editor: Binagwaho et al. (Nov. 21 issue)(1) emphasize physician-oriented, even subspecialty, expertise in their well-meaning human resource approach for Rwanda. However, this approach may import the expensive, Western, compartmentalized, highly curative model and jeopardize more effective basic health interventions. The commendable advances in Rwanda came predominantly from simple, widely delivered interventions: immunization, bed nets to prevent malaria, improved nutrition and contraception,(2),(3) and community-based treatment for malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhea.(4) Yet, huge basic health challenges remain. Only 4.5% of houses have running water.(3) One of five infants older than 6 months of age has diarrhea in any 2-week ... C1 [Shelton, James D.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Hodgins, Stephen] Save Children, Washington, DC USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 6 PY 2014 VL 370 IS 10 BP 981 EP 981 DI 10.1056/NEJMc1315971 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AC2EB UT WOS:000332309800030 PM 24597887 ER PT J AU Pribluda, VS Evans, L Barillas, E Marmion, J Lukulay, P Chang, J AF Pribluda, Victor S. Evans, Lawrence, III Barillas, Edgar Marmion, John Lukulay, Patrick Chang, Jaime TI Were medicine quality and pharmaceutical management contributing factors in diminishing artemisinin efficacy in Guyana and Suriname? SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MALARIA; RESISTANCE AB Background: Recent studies in Guyana and Suriname unveiled diminished efficacy of artemisinin derivatives based on day-3 parasitaemia. The migrant characteristics of the population at risk and the potential development of resistance pose a serious health threat in the region. Assessment of factors that may have contributed to this situation is warranted, and analysis of the data generated in those countries on quality and pharmaceutical managements of anti-malarials may contribute to a better understanding of this occurrence. Methods: Data on malaria medicine quality and pharmaceutical management, generated in the context of the Amazon Malaria Initiative (AMI), was reviewed and discussed. Results: Numerous substandard artemisinin-containing malaria medicines were identified in both countries, particularly in Guyana, where a larger number and variety of anti-malarials were sampled. Poor quality was more frequent in the private and informal sector than in the public sector, posing a greater threat to the populations at risk, which are mostly located in hard to reach areas with scarce public facilities. Stock-outs identified in the public sector in Guyana could enhance the need to access those alternative sectors, exacerbating the risk of utilizing poor quality medicines. The availability of monotherapies and other non-recommended therapies for Plasmodium falciparum malaria, could also have contributed to the diminished efficacy. The type of quality deficiencies identified-reduced content of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and/or poor dissolution-and the irrational use of non-recommended treatments could result in non-sustained or lower levels of API in blood, favouring survival of more resistant mutants by exposing parasites to sub-lethal doses of the active ingredient. Conclusions: The quality of malaria medicines and the availability and use of non-recommended treatments could have played a role in the diminished efficacy of artemisinin derivatives described in Guyana and Suriname. However, also other factors need to be considered and a more comprehensive and extensive assessment on quality and pharmaceutical management is necessary to establish a tighter cause-effect correlation. Nevertheless, relevant authorities in these and neighbouring countries should take into consideration the reviewed data to properly address the problem when implementing corrective actions. C1 [Pribluda, Victor S.; Evans, Lawrence, III; Lukulay, Patrick] US Pharmacopeial Convent USP, Global Hlth Impact Programs GHIP, Promoting Qual Med Program PQM, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Barillas, Edgar; Marmion, John] Management Sci Hlth MSH, Syst Improved Access Pharmaceut & Serv SIAPS, Ctr Pharmaceut Management, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Chang, Jaime] US Agcy Int Dev USAID Peru, Off Hlth & Educ, Lima 33, Peru. RP Pribluda, VS (reprint author), US Pharmacopeial Convent USP, Global Hlth Impact Programs GHIP, Promoting Qual Med Program PQM, 12601 Twinbrook Pkwy, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM vsp@usp.org NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD MAR 3 PY 2014 VL 13 AR 77 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-13-77 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA AC8IK UT WOS:000332776500001 PM 24581434 ER PT J AU Tang, XY AF Tang Xiaoyang TI Models of Chinese Engagement in Africa's Extractive Sectors and Their Implications SO ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Tang Xiaoyang] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Int Relat, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Tang Xiaoyang] Carnegie Tsinghua Ctr Global Policy, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Tang Xiaoyang] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Tang Xiaoyang] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Tang Xiaoyang] IFPRI, Washington, DC USA. RP Tang, XY (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Int Relat, Beijing, Peoples R China. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0013-9157 EI 1939-9154 J9 ENVIRONMENT JI Environment PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 56 IS 2 BP 27 EP 29 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AI9AR UT WOS:000337218600005 ER PT J AU Ricca, J Kureshy, N LeBan, K Prosnitz, D Ryan, L AF Ricca, Jim Kureshy, Nazo LeBan, Karen Prosnitz, Debra Ryan, Leo TI Community-based intervention packages facilitated by NGOs demonstrate plausible evidence for child mortality impact SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Child health; outcomes; non-governmental organizations; community mobilization; Millennium Development Goals ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; UPDATED SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL; PRIMARY-HEALTH-CARE; SURVIVAL INTERVENTIONS; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; ALMA-ATA; NEWBORN; PROGRAM AB Introduction Evidence exists that community-based intervention packages can have substantial child and newborn mortality impact, and may help more countries meet Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4) targets. A non-governmental organization (NGO) project using such programming in Mozambique documented an annual decline in under-five mortality rate (U5MR) of 9.3% in a province in which Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data showed a 4.2% U5MR decline during the same period. To test the generalizability of this finding, the same analysis was applied to a group of projects funded by the US Agency for International Development. Projects supported implementation of community-based intervention packages aimed at increasing use of health services while improving preventive and home-care practices for children under five. Methods All projects collect baseline and endline population coverage data for key child health interventions. Twelve projects fitted the inclusion criteria. U5MR decline was estimated by modelling these coverage changes in the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) and comparing with concurrent measured DHS mortality data. Results Average coverage changes for all interventions exceeded average concurrent trends. When population coverage changes were modelled in LiST, they were estimated to give a child mortality improvement in the project area that exceeded concurrent secular trend in the subnational DHS region in 11 of 12 cases. The average improvement in modelled U5MR (5.8%) was more than twice the concurrent directly measured average decline (2.5%). Conclusions NGO projects implementing community-based intervention packages appear to be effective in reducing child mortality in diverse settings. There is plausible evidence that they raised coverage for a variety of high-impact interventions and improved U5MR by more than twice the concurrent secular trend. All projects used community-based strategies that achieved frequent interpersonal contact for health behaviour change. Further study of the effectiveness and scalability of similar packages should be part of the effort to accelerate progress towards MDG 4. C1 [Ricca, Jim; Prosnitz, Debra; Ryan, Leo] MCHIP, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Kureshy, Nazo] US Agcy Int Dev, Child Survival & Hlth Grants Program, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [LeBan, Karen] CORE Grp, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Ricca, J (reprint author), MCHIP, 1776 Massachusetts Ave NW Suite 300, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM jricca@mchip.net FU USAID/CSHGP; ICF; CORE Group FX This research was funded by USAID/CSHGP, through a contract with ICF and a cooperative agreement with the CORE Group. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1080 EI 1460-2237 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 29 IS 2 BP 204 EP 216 DI 10.1093/heapol/czt005 PG 13 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA AC7WJ UT WOS:000332743400006 PM 23434515 ER PT J AU Joel, DR Steenhoff, AP Mullah, PC Phelps, BR Tolle, MA Ho-Foster, A Mabikwa, V Kgathi, BG Ncube, R Anabwani, GM AF Joel, D. R. Steenhoff, A. P. Mullah, P. C. Phelps, B. R. Tolle, M. A. Ho-Foster, A. Mabikwa, V. Kgathi, B. G. Ncube, R. Anabwani, G. M. TI Diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis using sputum induction in Botswana: programme description and findings SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE paediatrics; sputum induction; TB; diagnosis; Botswana ID CHILDHOOD PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; GASTRIC LAVAGE; HIV; CLASSIFICATION; INFANTS; DISEASE; AREA AB SETTING: Four public hospitals in Botswana, a high tuberculosis (TB) burden setting. OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility and utility of sputum induction in the diagnosis of paediatric TB. DESIGN: From 2008 to 2010, children aged <= 18 years referred for suspected pulmonary TB underwent sputum induction. Confirmed TB was defined as the presence of at least one of the signs and symptoms suggestive of TB and positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture. Information on TB-associated symptoms (cough, fatigue, night sweats, low appetite, chest pain, weight loss, haemoptysis and contact with a TB case) was collected for three risk groups: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive children, HIV-negative children aged <3 years and HIV-negative children aged >= 3years. RESULTS: The median age of the 1394 subjects who underwent sputum induction was 3.8 years (IQR 1.3-8.4); 373 (27%) were HIV-positive, 419 (30%) were HIV-negative and 602 (43%) had unknown HIV status. TB was confirmed in 84 (6.0%); cases were more likely to have weight loss, chest pain or TB household contacts. There were no serious complications attributable to sputum induction during and after the procedure; only 0.8% (9/1174) of patients reported minor complications. CONCLUSIONS: In Botswana, paediatric sputum induction was feasible, safe and assisted bacteriological confirmation in a subgroup of children treated for TB. C1 [Joel, D. R.; Mabikwa, V.; Kgathi, B. G.; Anabwani, G. M.] Princess Marina Hosp, Botswana Baylor Childrens Clin Ctr Excellence, Gaborone, Botswana. [Steenhoff, A. P.] Univ Botswana, Sch Med, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Paediat, Gaborone, Botswana. [Steenhoff, A. P.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Steenhoff, A. P.; Ho-Foster, A.] Botswana UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana. [Steenhoff, A. P.; Ho-Foster, A.] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Mullah, P. C.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Phelps, B. R.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIVAIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Tolle, M. A.; Anabwani, G. M.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Tolle, M. A.] Baylor Childrens Fdn Tanzania, Mwanza, Tanzania. [Ncube, R.] Botswana Natl TB Programme, Minist Hlth, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Joel, DR (reprint author), Botswana Baylor Childrens Clin Ctr Excellence, Plot 1836,Hosp Way, Gaborone, Botswana. EM apsalms@yahoo.com FU Penn Center for AIDS Research, a National Institutes for Health [P30 AI 045008]; US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through the US Centre for Disease Control Botswana [1U2G/PS001881-03] FX The authors thank all nursing staff, doctors, health care auxiliaries, laboratory staff and the management at the Baylor College of Medicine and the Botswana Baylor Children's Clinical Centre of Excellence, Gaborone, Botswana, and all participating institutions for supporting this project. They also thank the children and their parents for participating in the project. This publication was made possible through core services and support from the Penn Center for AIDS Research, a National Institutes for Health funded programme (P30 AI 045008). The sputum induction project was supported by the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief grant cooperative agreement number 1U2G/PS001881-03 through the US Centre for Disease Control Botswana. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 EI 1815-7920 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 18 IS 3 BP 328 EP 334 DI 10.5588/ijtld.13.0243 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA AB6TF UT WOS:000331921700016 PM 24670571 ER PT J AU Chemaitelly, H Awad, SF Shelton, JD Abu-Raddad, LJ AF Chemaitelly, Hiam Awad, Susanne F. Shelton, James D. Abu-Raddad, Laith J. TI Sources of HIV incidence among stable couples in sub-Saharan Africa SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stable couples; sources of infection; HIV incidence; Sub-Saharan Africa; demographic and health surveys; mathematical model ID SUBTYPE C INFECTION; MALE CIRCUMCISION; DISCORDANT COUPLES; VIRAL LOAD; COITAL-ACT; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; UGANDA; PREVALENCE; TRIAL AB Introduction: The recent availability of efficacious prevention interventions among stable couples offers new opportunities for reducing HIV incidence in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the dynamics of HIV incidence among stable couples is critical to inform HIV prevention strategy across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: We quantified the sources of HIV incidence arising among stable couples in sub-Saharan Africa using a cohort-type mathematical model parameterized by nationally representative data. Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were incorporated. Results: HIV incidence arising among stable concordant HIV-negative couples contribute each year, on average, 29.4% of total HIV incidence; of those, 22.5% (range: 11.1%-39.8%) are infections acquired by one of the partners from sources external to the couple, less than 1% are infections acquired by both partners from external sources within a year and 6.8% (range: 3.6%-11.6%) are transmissions to the uninfected partner in the couple in less than a year after the other partner acquired the infection from an external source. The mean contribution of stable HIV sero-discordant couples to total HIV incidence is 30.4%, with most of those, 29.7% (range: 9.1%-47.9%), being due to HIV transmissions from the infected to the uninfected partner within the couple. The remaining incidence, 40.2% (range: 23.7%-64.6%), occurs among persons not in stable couples. Conclusions: Close to two-thirds of total HIV incidence in sub-Saharan Africa occur among stable couples; however, only half of this incidence is attributed to HIV transmissions from the infected to the uninfected partner in the couple. The remaining incidence is acquired through extra-partner sex. Substantial reductions in HIV incidence can be achieved only through a prevention approach that targets all modes of HIV exposure among stable couples and among individuals not in stable couples. C1 [Chemaitelly, Hiam; Awad, Susanne F.; Abu-Raddad, Laith J.] Cornell Univ, Qatar Fdn, Weill Cornell Med Coll Qatar, Infect Dis Epidemiol Grp, Doha, Qatar. [Shelton, James D.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Abu-Raddad, Laith J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Healthcare Policy & Res, Weill Cornell Med Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Abu-Raddad, Laith J.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Vaccine & Infect Dis Div, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Abu-Raddad, LJ (reprint author), Qatar Fdn, Weill Cornell Med Coll Qatar, Infect Dis Epidemiol Grp, Doha, Qatar. EM lja2002@qatar-med.cornell.edu OI Chemaitelly, Hiam/0000-0002-8756-6968; Abu-Raddad, Laith/0000-0003-0790-0506 FU NPRP from Qatar National Research Fund (Qatar Foundation) [6-681-3-173]; Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Biomathematics Research Core at the Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar FX This publication was made possible by NPRP grant number 6-681-3-173 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). Additional support was provided by the Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Biomathematics Research Core at the Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar. The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. The authors are also thankful to Measure Demographic and Health Surveys (Measure DHS) for putting these data in the service of science, and to the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and other donors supporting these initiatives. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent those of USAID. The funders had no role in the design, conduct or analysis of the study. NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT AIDS SOCIETY PI GENEVA PA AVENUE DE FRANCE 23, GENEVA, 1202, SWITZERLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD FEB 21 PY 2014 VL 17 AR 18765 DI 10.7448/IAS.17.1.18765 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA AB6MF UT WOS:000331902100001 PM 24560339 ER PT J AU Wachira, J Ndege, S Koech, J Vreeman, RC Ayuo, P Braitstein, P AF Wachira, Juddy Ndege, Samson Koech, Julius Vreeman, Rachel C. Ayuo, Paul Braitstein, Paula TI HIV Testing Uptake and Prevalence Among Adolescents and Adults in a Large Home-Based HIV Testing Program in Western Kenya SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; Africa; prevalence; adolescents; adults; home-based HIV testing ID SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; AFRICA; ACCESS; CARE AB Objective: To describe HIV testing uptake and prevalence among adolescents and adults in a home-based HIV counseling and testing program in western Kenya. Methods: Since 2007, the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare program has implemented home-based HIV counseling and testing on a large scale. All individuals aged >= 13 years were eligible for testing. Data from 5 of 8 catchments were included in this analysis. We used descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression to examine testing uptake and HIV prevalence among adolescents (13-18 years), younger adults (19-24 years), and older adults (>= 25 years). Results: There were 154,463 individuals eligible for analyses as follows: 22% adolescents, 19% younger adults, and 59% older adults. Overall mean age was 32.8 years and 56% were female. HIV testing was high (96%) across the following 3 groups: 99% in adolescents, 98% in younger adults, and 94% in older adults (P < 0.001). HIV prevalence was higher (11.0%) among older adults compared with younger adults (4.8%) and adolescents (0.8%) (P < 0.001). Those who had ever previously tested for HIV were less likely to accept HIV testing (adjusted odds ratio: 0.06, 95% confidence interval: 0.05 to 0.07) but more likely to newly test HIV positive (adjusted odds ratio: 1.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.21 to 1.40). Age group differences were evident in the sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors associated with testing uptake and HIV prevalence, particularly, gender, relationship status, and HIV testing history. Conclusions: Sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors were independently associated with HIV testing and prevalence among the age groups. Community-based treatment and prevention strategies will need to consider these factors. C1 [Wachira, Juddy; Ndege, Samson; Koech, Julius; Vreeman, Rachel C.; Ayuo, Paul; Braitstein, Paula] USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA, Eldoret, Kenya. [Ndege, Samson] Moi Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Eldoret, Kenya. [Vreeman, Rachel C.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Childrens Hlth Serv Res, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Ayuo, Paul; Braitstein, Paula] Moi Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Dept Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Braitstein, Paula] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Braitstein, Paula] Regenstrief Inst Inc, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Braitstein, Paula] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Braitstein, P (reprint author), Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, 1001 West 10th St,OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM pbraitstein@yahoo.com FU USAID as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); Abbott Laboratories; Purpleville Foundation; Global Business Coalition FX Supported in part by a grant to the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Partnership from the USAID as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). The USAID-AMPATH partnership is grateful for the support of the USAID. The home-based HIV counseling and testing program was supported by grants from Abbott Laboratories, the Purpleville Foundation, and the Global Business Coalition. USAID-PEPFAR supported care for those found to be HIV positive; and Abbott Laboratories provided test kits and logistical support. The contents of this study are the sole responsibility of AMPATH and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 65 IS 2 BP E58 EP E66 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182a14f9e PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA AG8DZ UT WOS:000335650300004 PM 23846563 ER PT J AU Raviglione, M Uplekar, M Vincent, C Pablos-Mendez, A AF Raviglione, Mario Uplekar, Mukund Vincent, Cheri Pablos-Mendez, Ariel TI Rebalancing the global battle against tuberculosis SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Raviglione, Mario; Uplekar, Mukund] World Hlth Org, Global TB Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. [Vincent, Cheri; Pablos-Mendez, Ariel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Raviglione, M (reprint author), World Hlth Org, Global TB Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. EM uplekarm@who.int FU World Health Organization [001] NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2214-109X J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH JI Lancet Glob. Health PD FEB PY 2014 VL 2 IS 2 BP E71 EP E72 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AH8YO UT WOS:000336424300008 PM 25104659 ER PT J AU Andoseh, S Bahn, R Gu, J AF Andoseh, Stephen Bahn, Rachel Gu, Jenny TI The case for a real options approach to ex-ante cost-benefit analyses of agricultural research projects SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE Expected net present value; Decision tree analysis; Contingent claims analysis; Agricultural research; Real options; Cost-benefit analysis AB The United States Agency for International Development (USAID), like many other development agencies and donors, increasingly emphasizes evidence-based programming. This requires assessments of project performance at all stages of implementation, comprising ex-ante impact assessment, monitoring and evaluation, and ex-post attribution of outcomes. Ex-ante impact assessment, in particular, involves performing Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) to determine the Expected Net Present Value (ENPV) of the project in question. Unfortunately, the traditional ENPV approach has proven inadequate for dealing with uncertainty in the timing of investments and flexibility in future decision making. This is especially relevant for Research and Development (R&D) projects which require several stages of product development and multiple rounds of testing prior to releasing final products. As a consequence, the real-options approach to CBA has increasingly been used to evaluate private sector R&D projects. This paper advocates for the adoption of the real options approach in the evaluation of public investments in agricultural research, and illustrates its practical utility with an assessment conducted by USAID to determine the economic viability of a proposed project to develop improved varieties of critical food security crops in Uganda. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Andoseh, Stephen] USAID, Manila 1000, Philippines. [Bahn, Rachel] US Dept Treasury, Washington, DC 20220 USA. [Gu, Jenny] Pacific Biosci Calif Inc, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Andoseh, S (reprint author), USAID, 1201 Roxas Blvd, Manila 1000, Philippines. EM sandoseh@usaid.gov OI Bahn, Rachel/0000-0002-2277-6585 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-9192 EI 1873-5657 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 BP 218 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.09.016 PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA AC7YW UT WOS:000332751200021 ER PT J AU Vreeman, RC Nyandiko, WM Ayaya, SO Walumbe, EG Inui, TS AF Vreeman, Rachel C. Nyandiko, Winstone M. Ayaya, Samuel O. Walumbe, Eunice G. Inui, Thomas S. TI Cognitive Interviewing for Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Measurement Items SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Adherence; HIV; Cognitive interviewing; Measurement; Resource-limited setting ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN; SELF-REPORT MEASURES; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WESTERN KENYA; TREATMENT PROGRAM; HIV-1-INFECTED CHILDREN; CLINICAL MANAGEMENT; UNITED-KINGDOM; EXPERIENCE AB Background There are 2.3 million children living with HIV worldwide, almost 90 % of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa. Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV treatment has dramatically increased in resource-limited settings in recent years and allows more HIV-infected children to survive into adolescence and adulthood. Purpose Our objective was to improve the understandability of pediatric antiretroviral adherence measurement items for use in resource-limited settings through cognitive interviewing with pediatric caregivers and HIV-infected adolescents in Kenya. Methods We compiled adherence measurement items through a systematic literature review and qualitative work. We conducted cognitive interviews assessing the items with caregivers of HIV-infected children enrolled in HIV care in Kenya and conducted group cognitive assessments with HIV-infected adolescents. We used verbal probing and guided "thinking aloud" to evaluate relevance, comprehension, recall, and sensitivity/acceptability. Analysis followed a systematic sequence of review, compiling data by item, and coding responses. Results We interviewed 21 Kenyan parents and guardians and 10 adolescents (mean age 15 years, SD 1.8) on antiretroviral therapy for a mean of 3.6 years. Cognitive interviews optimized item-response options, wording, and content. Some participants demonstrated difficulty with "think aloud" processes, but verbal probes were easily answered. Comprehension problems were found for key language concepts such "missed doses" and "having side effects." Key findings for response options included differences among responses to various recall periods, with preferences for the shortest (one 24-h day) and longest recall periods (1 month); difficulty describing specific drug information; benefits for including normalizing statements before asking for sensitive information; and challenges processing categorical frequency scales. Important content areas for inclusion included dose timing, disclosure, stigma, and food insecurity. Conclusions Cognitive interviewing is a productive strategy for increasing the face validity and understandability of adherence measurement items, particularly across cultures. Interviews in Kenya suggested adherence measurement modifications of relevance for other resource-limited settings. C1 [Vreeman, Rachel C.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Hlth Serv Res, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Vreeman, Rachel C.; Nyandiko, Winstone M.; Ayaya, Samuel O.; Walumbe, Eunice G.; Inui, Thomas S.] USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA, Eldoret, Kenya. [Vreeman, Rachel C.; Inui, Thomas S.] Regenstrief Inst Inc, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Nyandiko, Winstone M.; Ayaya, Samuel O.] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Eldoret, Kenya. [Inui, Thomas S.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Vreeman, Rachel C.] Childrens Hlth Serv Res, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Vreeman, RC (reprint author), Childrens Hlth Serv Res, Hlth Informat & Translat Sci Bldg,Suite 1000, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM rvreeman@iupui.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [5K23MH087225-03, K23 MH087225]; PEPFAR NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1070-5503 EI 1532-7558 J9 INT J BEHAV MED JI Int. J. Behav. Med. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 21 IS 1 BP 186 EP 196 DI 10.1007/s12529-012-9283-9 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA AB7XY UT WOS:000332005600022 PM 23188670 ER PT J AU Vreeman, RC Scanlon, ML Mwangi, A Turissini, M Ayaya, SO Tenge, C Nyandiko, WM AF Vreeman, Rachel C. Scanlon, Michael L. Mwangi, Ann Turissini, Matthew Ayaya, Samuel O. Tenge, Constance Nyandiko, Winstone M. TI A Cross-Sectional Study of Disclosure of HIV Status to Children and Adolescents in Western Kenya SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; OF-THE-LITERATURE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INFECTED CHILDREN; ADHERENCE; DEPRESSION; HEALTH; PERCEPTIONS; DIAGNOSIS AB Introduction: Disclosure of HIV status to children is essential for disease management but is not well characterized in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of disclosure and associated factors among a cohort of HIV-infected children and adolescents in Kenya. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, randomly sampling HIV-infected children ages 6-14 years attending 4 HIV clinics in western Kenya. Data were collected from questionnaires administered by clinicians to children and their caregivers, supplemented with chart review. Descriptive statistics and disclosure prevalence were calculated. Univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression were performed to assess the association between disclosure and key child-level demographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics. Results: Among 792 caregiver-child dyads, mean age of the children was 9.7 years (SD = 2.6) and 51% were female. Prevalence of disclosure was 26% and varied significantly by age; while 62% of 14-year-olds knew their status, only 42% of 11-year-olds and 21% of 8-year-olds knew. In multivariate regression, older age (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.35-1.63), taking antiretroviral drugs (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.29-3.97), and caregiver-reported depression symptoms (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.12-6.20) were significantly associated with knowing one's status. Treatment site was associated with disclosure for children attending one of the rural clinics compared to the urban clinic (OR 3.44, 95% CI 1.75-6.76). Conclusions: Few HIV-infected children in Kenya know their HIV status. The likelihood of disclosure is associated with clinical and psychosocial factors. More data are needed on the process of disclosure and its impact on children. C1 [Vreeman, Rachel C.; Scanlon, Michael L.; Turissini, Matthew] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Hlth Serv Res, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Vreeman, Rachel C.; Scanlon, Michael L.; Mwangi, Ann; Turissini, Matthew; Ayaya, Samuel O.; Tenge, Constance; Nyandiko, Winstone M.] USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA, Eldoret, Kenya. [Mwangi, Ann] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Dept Behav Sci, Coll Hlth Sci, Eldoret, Kenya. [Ayaya, Samuel O.; Tenge, Constance; Nyandiko, Winstone M.] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Dept Child Hlth & Paediat, Coll Hlth Sci, Eldoret, Kenya. RP Vreeman, RC (reprint author), Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Hlth Serv Res, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM rvreeman@iupui.edu FU NIMH [K23MH087225]; USAID-AMPATH Partnership from the United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) FX This research was supported in part by a grant (K23MH087225) to Dr. Rachel Vreeman from the NIMH and by the USAID-AMPATH Partnership from the United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 27 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 AR e86616 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0086616 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 301BI UT WOS:000330507300095 PM 24475159 ER PT J AU Adebajo, S Obianwu, O Eluwa, G Vu, L Oginni, A Tun, W Sheehy, M Ahonsi, B Bashorun, A Idogho, O Karlyn, A AF Adebajo, Sylvia Obianwu, Otibho Eluwa, George Vu, Lung Oginni, Ayo Tun, Waimar Sheehy, Meredith Ahonsi, Babatunde Bashorun, Adebobola Idogho, Omokhudu Karlyn, Andrew TI Comparison of Audio Computer Assisted Self-Interview and Face-To-Face Interview Methods in Eliciting HIV-Related Risks among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Men Who Inject Drugs in Nigeria SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID METHODOLOGICAL EXPERIMENT; BEHAVIOR; PREVALENCE; SAMPLE; KENYA; MODES; BIAS AB Introduction: Face-to-face (FTF) interviews are the most frequently used means of obtaining information on sexual and drug injecting behaviours from men who have sex with men (MSM) and men who inject drugs (MWID). However, accurate information on these behaviours may be difficult to elicit because of sociocultural hostility towards these populations and the criminalization associated with these behaviours. Audio computer assisted self-interview (ACASI) is an interviewing technique that may mitigate social desirability bias in this context. Methods: This study evaluated differences in the reporting of HIV-related risky behaviours by MSM and MWID using ACASI and FTF interviews. Between August and September 2010, 712 MSM and 328 MWID in Nigeria were randomized to either ACASI or FTF interview for completion of a behavioural survey that included questions on sensitive sexual and injecting risk behaviours. Data were analyzed separately for MSM and MWID. Logistic regression was run for each behaviour as a dependent variable to determine differences in reporting methods. Results: MSM interviewed via ACASI reported significantly higher risky behaviours with both women (multiple female sexual partners 51% vs. 43%, p = 0.04; had unprotected anal sex with women 72% vs. 57%, p = 0.05) and men (multiple male sex partners 70% vs. 54%, p <= 0.001) than through FTF. Additionally, they were more likely to self-identify as homosexual (AOR: 3.3, 95%CI: 2.4-4.6) and report drug use in the past 12 months (AOR: 40.0, 95%CI: 9.6-166.0). MWID interviewed with ACASI were more likely to report needle sharing (AOR: 3.3, 95%CI: 1.2-8.9) and re-use (AOR: 2.2, 95%CI: 1.2-3.9) in the past month and prior HIV testing (AOR: 1.6, 95%CI 1.02-2.5). Conclusion: The feasibility of using ACASI in studies and clinics targeting key populations in Nigeria must be explored to increase the likelihood of obtaining more accurate data on high risk behaviours to inform improved risk reduction strategies that reduce HIV transmission. C1 [Adebajo, Sylvia; Obianwu, Otibho; Eluwa, George; Oginni, Ayo; Ahonsi, Babatunde] Populat Council, Abuja, Nigeria. [Vu, Lung] PSI, Washington, DC USA. [Tun, Waimar] Populat Council, Washington, DC USA. [Sheehy, Meredith] Populat Council, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Bashorun, Adebobola] Fed Minist Hlth, Abuja, Nigeria. [Idogho, Omokhudu] Soc Family Hlth, Abuja, Nigeria. [Karlyn, Andrew] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Adebajo, S (reprint author), Populat Council, Abuja, Nigeria. EM sadebajo@popcouncil.org FU UK Department for International Development (DFID) through the Enhancing Nigeria's Response to HIV/AIDS (ENR) program FX The study was funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) through the Enhancing Nigeria's Response to HIV/AIDS (ENR) program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Find out more about DFID at https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-international -development. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 8 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 AR e81981 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0081981 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 291WL UT WOS:000329862500011 PM 24416134 ER PT J AU Tatem, AJ Campbell, J Guerra-Arias, M de Bernis, L Moran, A Matthews, Z AF Tatem, Andrew J. Campbell, James Guerra-Arias, Maria de Bernis, Luc Moran, Allisyn Matthews, Zoe TI Mapping for maternal and newborn health: the distributions of women of childbearing age, pregnancies and births SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article ID AFRICA; CARE; ACCESSIBILITY; COUNTRIES; SURVIVAL; MALARIA; KENYA; MAPS AB Background: The health and survival of women and their new-born babies in low income countries has been a key priority in public health since the 1990s. However, basic planning data, such as numbers of pregnancies and births, remain difficult to obtain and information is also lacking on geographic access to key services, such as facilities with skilled health workers. For maternal and newborn health and survival, planning for safer births and healthier newborns could be improved by more accurate estimations of the distributions of women of childbearing age. Moreover, subnational estimates of projected future numbers of pregnancies are needed for more effective strategies on human resources and infrastructure, while there is a need to link information on pregnancies to better information on health facilities in districts and regions so that coverage of services can be assessed. Methods: This paper outlines demographic mapping methods based on freely available data for the production of high resolution datasets depicting estimates of numbers of people, women of childbearing age, live births and pregnancies, and distribution of comprehensive EmONC facilities in four large high burden countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Ethiopia and Tanzania. Satellite derived maps of settlements and land cover were constructed and used to redistribute areal census counts to produce detailed maps of the distributions of women of childbearing age. Household survey data, UN statistics and other sources on growth rates, age specific fertility rates, live births, stillbirths and abortions were then integrated to convert the population distribution datasets to gridded estimates of births and pregnancies. Results and conclusions: These estimates, which can be produced for current, past or future years based on standard demographic projections, can provide the basis for strategic intelligence, planning services, and provide denominators for subnational indicators to track progress. The datasets produced are part of national midwifery workforce assessments conducted in collaboration with the respective Ministries of Health and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) to identify disparities between population needs, health infrastructure and workforce supply. The datasets are available to the respective Ministries as part of the UNFPA programme to inform midwifery workforce planning and also publicly available through the WorldPop population mapping project. C1 [Tatem, Andrew J.] Univ Southampton, Dept Geog & Environm, Southampton, Hants, England. [Tatem, Andrew J.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Campbell, James; Guerra-Arias, Maria] Inst Cooperac Social Integrare, Barcelona, Spain. [de Bernis, Luc] United Nations Populat Fund, Geneva, Switzerland. [Moran, Allisyn] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Matthews, Zoe] Univ Southampton, Dept Social Stat & Demog, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Tatem, AJ (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Dept Geog & Environm, Southampton, Hants, England. EM A.J.Tatem@soton.ac.uk FU NIAID NIH HHS [U19AI089674] NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-072X J9 INT J HEALTH GEOGR JI Int. J. Health Geogr. PD JAN 4 PY 2014 VL 13 AR 2 DI 10.1186/1476-072X-13-2 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AD9BH UT WOS:000333559000001 PM 24387010 ER PT J AU Koenker, H Keating, J Alilio, M Acosta, A Lynch, M Nafo-Traore, F AF Koenker, Hannah Keating, Joseph Alilio, Martin Acosta, Angela Lynch, Matthew Nafo-Traore, Fatoumata TI Strategic roles for behaviour change communication in a changing malaria landscape SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE Malaria; Elimination; Behaviour change communication ID MASS-MEDIA CAMPAIGN; NET USE; BURKINA-FASO; CHILDREN; TANZANIA; IMPACT; COUNTRIES; WOMEN; UNDERNUTRITION; PREGNANCY AB Strong evidence suggests that quality strategic behaviour change communication (BCC) can improve malaria prevention and treatment behaviours. As progress is made towards malaria elimination, BCC becomes an even more important tool. BCC can be used 1) to reach populations who remain at risk as transmission dynamics change (e. g. mobile populations), 2) to facilitate identification of people with asymptomatic infections and their compliance with treatment, 3) to inform communities of the optimal timing of malaria control interventions, and 4) to explain changing diagnostic concerns (e. g. increasing false negatives as parasite density and multiplicity of infections fall) and treatment guidelines. The purpose of this commentary is to highlight the benefits and value for money that BCC brings to all aspects of malaria control, and to discuss areas of operations research needed as transmission dynamics change. C1 [Koenker, Hannah; Acosta, Angela; Lynch, Matthew] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Keating, Joseph] Tulane Univ, Ctr Appl Malaria Res & Evaluat, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Alilio, Martin] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Nafo-Traore, Fatoumata] Roll Back Malaria Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Koenker, H (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Commun Programs, 111 Market Pl Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM hkoenker@jhuccp.org NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JAN 2 PY 2014 VL 13 AR 1 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-13-1 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 285IU UT WOS:000329388200001 PM 24383426 ER PT B AU Christie, P Campbell, LM Armada, N AF Christie, P. Campbell, L. M. Armada, N. BE Garcia, SM Rice, J Charles, A TI Stewardship in tropical small-scale fisheries: Community and national perspectives SO GOVERNANCE OF MARINE FISHERIES AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: INTERACTION AND COEVOLUTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE collaboration; participation; stewardship; fisheries management; evaluation metrics ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; TURTLE CONSERVATION; COASTAL MANAGEMENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; SUSTAINABILITY; COMANAGEMENT; FEASIBILITY; PHILIPPINES; GOVERNANCE AB Collaboration between policy makers and resource users in the coastal and marine realm are evolving rapidly. This analysis of two cases of collaborative stewardship in the Turks and Caicos Islands and the Philippines, using process and outcomes metrics for ecosystem-based management, demonstrate that sound policy which balances social and environmental goals is attainable. Analysing local or community-level processes within a wider ecosystem and governance context is essential to attain a clear understanding of drivers affecting fisheries and policy options. C1 [Christie, P.] Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Christie, P.] Univ Washington, Jackson Sch Int Studies, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Campbell, L. M.] Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Affairs & Policy, Beaufort, NC USA. [Campbell, L. M.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Armada, N.] USAID, Ecosyst Improved Sustainable Fisheries ECOFISH, Cebu, Philippines. RP Christie, P (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM patrickc@uw.edu; lisa.m.campbell@duke.edu; nbarmada@gmail.com NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-39260-7; 978-1-118-39264-5 PY 2014 BP 332 EP 345 D2 10.1002/9781118392607 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BD7DU UT WOS:000362910100027 ER PT B AU Saito, F Burke, C AF Saito, Fumihiko Burke, Christopher BE Takeuchi, S TI Land disputes in the Acholi sub-region in Uganda From displacement to dispossession SO CONFRONTING LAND AND PROPERTY PROBLEMS FOR PEACE SE Routledge Explorations in Development Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Saito, Fumihiko] Ryukoku Univ, Fac Intercultural Commun, Kyoto, Japan. [Burke, Christopher] UNDP, Kyoto, Japan. [Burke, Christopher] USAID, Tokyo, Japan. [Burke, Christopher] IGN FI, Tokyo, Japan. [Burke, Christopher] Oxfam, Oxford, England. RP Saito, F (reprint author), Ryukoku Univ, Fac Intercultural Commun, Kyoto, Japan. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-73423-0; 978-0-415-85585-3 J9 ROUT EXPLOR DEV STUD PY 2014 BP 59 EP 85 PG 27 WC Geography; International Relations SC Geography; International Relations GA BC9OJ UT WOS:000356703600005 ER PT B AU Lautze, J AF Lautze, Jonathan BE Lautze, J TI Key Concepts in Water Resource Management A Review and Critical Evaluation Introduction SO KEY CONCEPTS IN WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW AND CRITICAL EVALUATION SE Earthscan Water Text LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Lautze, Jonathan] IWMI Southern Africa Off, Pretoria, South Africa. [Lautze, Jonathan] USAID, Pretoria, South Africa. [Lautze, Jonathan] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. RP Lautze, J (reprint author), IWMI Southern Africa Off, Pretoria, South Africa. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-71173-9; 978-1-315-88439-4; 978-0-415-71172-2 J9 EARTHSCAN WATER TEXT PY 2014 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC9OM UT WOS:000356705700003 ER PT B AU Lautze, J Hanjra, MA AF Lautze, Jonathan Hanjra, Munir A. BE Lautze, J TI Water Scarcity SO KEY CONCEPTS IN WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW AND CRITICAL EVALUATION SE Earthscan Water Text LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SCALE; VULNERABILITY; INDICATORS; RESOURCES; ENOUGH C1 [Lautze, Jonathan] IWMI Southern Africa Off, Pretoria, South Africa. [Lautze, Jonathan] USAID, Pretoria, South Africa. [Lautze, Jonathan] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. RP Lautze, J (reprint author), IWMI Southern Africa Off, Pretoria, South Africa. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-71173-9; 978-1-315-88439-4; 978-0-415-71172-2 J9 EARTHSCAN WATER TEXT PY 2014 BP 7 EP 24 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC9OM UT WOS:000356705700004 ER PT B AU Lautze, J de Silva, S Giordano, M Sanford, L AF Lautze, Jonathan de Silva, Sanjiv Giordano, Mark Sanford, Luke BE Lautze, J TI Water Governance SO KEY CONCEPTS IN WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW AND CRITICAL EVALUATION SE Earthscan Water Text LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESOURCES MANAGEMENT C1 [Lautze, Jonathan] IWMI Southern Africa Off, Pretoria, South Africa. [Lautze, Jonathan] USAID, Pretoria, South Africa. [Lautze, Jonathan] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [de Silva, Sanjiv; Giordano, Mark] Int Water Management Inst, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Giordano, Mark] Georgetown Univ, Sch Foreign Serv, Environm & Energy, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Giordano, Mark] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Sanford, Luke] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sanford, Luke] IWMI Headquarters, Colombo, Sri Lanka. RP Lautze, J (reprint author), IWMI Southern Africa Off, Pretoria, South Africa. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-71173-9; 978-1-315-88439-4; 978-0-415-71172-2 J9 EARTHSCAN WATER TEXT PY 2014 BP 25 EP 38 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC9OM UT WOS:000356705700005 ER PT B AU Lautze, J Manthrithilake, H AF Lautze, Jonathan Manthrithilake, Herath BE Lautze, J TI Water Security SO KEY CONCEPTS IN WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW AND CRITICAL EVALUATION SE Earthscan Water Text LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lautze, Jonathan] IWMI Southern Africa Off, Pretoria, South Africa. [Lautze, Jonathan] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Lautze, Jonathan] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Manthrithilake, Herath] IWMI, Res Program, Colombo, Sri Lanka. RP Lautze, J (reprint author), IWMI Southern Africa Off, Pretoria, South Africa. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-71173-9; 978-1-315-88439-4; 978-0-415-71172-2 J9 EARTHSCAN WATER TEXT PY 2014 BP 39 EP 56 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC9OM UT WOS:000356705700006 ER PT B AU Lautze, J Cai, XL Matchaya, G AF Lautze, Jonathan Cai, Xueliang Matchaya, Greenwell BE Lautze, J TI Water Productivity SO KEY CONCEPTS IN WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW AND CRITICAL EVALUATION SE Earthscan Water Text LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; RIVER-BASINS; IRRIGATED WHEAT; CROP; AGRICULTURE; IMPROVEMENT; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; SCOPE; FOOD C1 [Lautze, Jonathan] IWMI Southern Africa Off, Pretoria, South Africa. [Lautze, Jonathan] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Lautze, Jonathan] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Matchaya, Greenwell] Univ Reading, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. [Matchaya, Greenwell] Univ Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Lautze, J (reprint author), IWMI Southern Africa Off, Pretoria, South Africa. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-71173-9; 978-1-315-88439-4; 978-0-415-71172-2 J9 EARTHSCAN WATER TEXT PY 2014 BP 57 EP 73 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC9OM UT WOS:000356705700007 ER PT B AU Lautze, J Smakhtin, V AF Lautze, Jonathan Smakhtin, Vladimir BE Lautze, J TI Key Concepts in Water Resource Management A Review and Critical Evaluation Conclusions SO KEY CONCEPTS IN WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW AND CRITICAL EVALUATION SE Earthscan Water Text LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Lautze, Jonathan] IWMI Southern Africa Off, Pretoria, South Africa. [Lautze, Jonathan] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Lautze, Jonathan] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Smakhtin, Vladimir] Dept Water Affairs South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Smakhtin, Vladimir] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Smakhtin, Vladimir] World Commiss Dams, Washington, DC USA. [Smakhtin, Vladimir] IUCN, Fontainebleau, France. [Smakhtin, Vladimir] UNEP, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Lautze, J (reprint author), IWMI Southern Africa Off, Pretoria, South Africa. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-71173-9; 978-1-315-88439-4; 978-0-415-71172-2 J9 EARTHSCAN WATER TEXT PY 2014 BP 103 EP 109 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC9OM UT WOS:000356705700010 ER PT B AU Hanjra, MA Lautze, J AF Hanjra, Munir A. Lautze, Jonathan BE Lautze, J TI Other New Terms in Water Management SO KEY CONCEPTS IN WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW AND CRITICAL EVALUATION SE Earthscan Water Text LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RIVER-BASIN CLOSURE; ECOLOGICAL SANITATION; POVERTY INDEX; RESILIENCE; BANKING; FOOD; AGRICULTURE; AUSTRALIA; FRAMEWORK; POLITICS C1 [Hanjra, Munir A.; Lautze, Jonathan] IWMI Southern Africa Off, Pretoria, South Africa. [Lautze, Jonathan] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Lautze, Jonathan] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. RP Hanjra, MA (reprint author), IWMI Southern Africa Off, Pretoria, South Africa. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-71173-9; 978-1-315-88439-4; 978-0-415-71172-2 J9 EARTHSCAN WATER TEXT PY 2014 BP 111 EP 126 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC9OM UT WOS:000356705700011 ER PT B AU Magis, K Ingle, M Duc, NH AF Magis, Kristen Ingle, Marcus Ngo Huy Duc BE Morgan, DF Cook, BJ TI EMERGE Public Leadership for Sustainable Development SO NEW PUBLIC GOVERNANCE: A REGIME-CENTERED PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Public Service Leadership in a Globalized World CY SEP 30, 2011 CL Portland State Univ, Portland, OR SP Hatfield Sch Govt Ctr Public Serv HO Portland State Univ C1 [Magis, Kristen] Leadership Inst, Budapest, Hungary. [Magis, Kristen; Ngo Huy Duc] Ho Chi Minh Acad, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Ingle, Marcus] Mark O Hatfield Sch Govt, Ctr Publ Serv, Publ Adm, Portland, OR USA. [Ingle, Marcus] Mark O Hatfield Sch Govt, Ctr Publ Serv, Global Initiat, Portland, OR USA. [Ingle, Marcus] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Ingle, Marcus] World Bank Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Ingle, Marcus] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. [Ingle, Marcus] Booz Allen Hamilton, Bogota, Colombia. [Ingle, Marcus] Booz Allen Hamilton, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. [Ingle, Marcus] Booz Allen Hamilton, Budapest, Hungary. [Ingle, Marcus] Booz Allen Hamilton, Balkans, Serbia. [Ingle, Marcus] Master Publ Adm MPA Specializat Global Leadership, New York, NY USA. [Ngo Huy Duc] Ho Chi Minh Acad, Facilitating Dev New Leadership Curriculum, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Magis, K (reprint author), Leadership Inst, Budapest, Hungary. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU M E SHARPE INC PI ARMONK PA 80 BUSINESS PARK DRIVE, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA BN 978-0-7656-4100-7; 978-0-7656-4101-4; 978-0-7656-4099-4 PY 2014 BP 238 EP 248 PG 11 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BC6YL UT WOS:000354603000018 ER PT J AU Lewis, CJ AF Lewis, Cheryl Jackson BE Thompson, B Amoroso, L TI 10 The Gender Informed Nutrition and Agriculture (GINA) Alliance and the Nutrition Collaborative Research Support Program (NCRSP) SO IMPROVING DIETS AND NUTRITION: FOOD-BASED APPROACHES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Food and Nutrition Security - Food-Based Approaches for Improving Diets and Raising Levels of Nutrition CY DEC 07-09, 2010 CL United Nat Headquarters, Rome, ITALY SP United Nat, Food & Agr Org, Nutr & Consumer Protect Div HO United Nat Headquarters AB The US Agency for International Development's (USAID) Gender Informed Nutrition and Agriculture (GINA) Alliance, piloted in Uganda, Mozambique and Nigeria, has proven effective in reducing hunger and poverty. The programme employed a gender-focused, community-based approach to improving household food and nutrition security in sub-Saharan African communities, with a particular emphasis on the nutritional status of children under 5 years. Overall, the GINA programmes in the three countries were able to reduce inadequate weight-for-age of 3000 children under 5 years during the period from the programme baseline to follow-up evaluation. Additionally, GINA resulted in increased availability of nutritious foods in participating households; increased awareness and understanding of the basic causes of malnutrition; increased food production, leading to greater consumption of nutritious foods and increases in income; a link between markets and GINA farmer groups; and the development of gender-diverse farmer groups complete with a well-functioning organizational structure. GINA's focus on gender roles led to an upgrading in the status of women and recognition of them as producers and processors of food. As a result, women's control over their assets, as well as the size of their assets, increased. As a result of the successful pilot, USAID is now scaling up the GINA model through a new US$15 million Nutrition Collaborative Research Support Program (Nutrition CRSP) and Nutrition Innovation Laboratory. This research is specifically designed to build the evidence base to demonstrate how agricultural interventions implemented and co-located with health activities may lead to improvements in the nutritional status of women and children at scale. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Lewis, CJ (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM cheryl.lewis@fns.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-78064-299-4 PY 2014 BP 113 EP 123 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BB6ZO UT WOS:000345222000011 ER PT B AU Cross, C AF Cross, Catherine BE Mahajan, S TI Qualitative Assessment of the Diepsloot Economy SO ECONOMICS OF SOUTH AFRICAN TOWNSHIP: SPECIAL FOCUS ON DIEPSLOOT SE World Bank Study LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cross, Catherine] Human Sci Res Council, Council Sci & Ind Res, Dept Sci & Technol, Pretoria, South Africa. [Cross, Catherine] South Africas Presidency, Pretoria, South Africa. [Cross, Catherine] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Cross, Catherine] Int Labor Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [Cross, Catherine] Dev Bank Southern Africa, Midrand, South Africa. [Cross, Catherine] Human Sci Res Council, Pretoria, South Africa. RP Cross, C (reprint author), Human Sci Res Council, Pretoria, South Africa. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-1-4648-0301-7; 978-1-4648-0302-4 J9 WOR BANK STUD PY 2014 BP 143 EP 178 D2 10.1596/978-1-4648-0301-7 PG 36 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA BB5UL UT WOS:000344143400006 ER PT B AU Della-Piana, GM Della-Piana, CK Gardner, MK AF Della-Piana, Gabriel M. Della-Piana, Connie Kubo Gardner, Michael K. BA DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK BF DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK TI THE SCOPE AND PERSPECTIVE OF THE GUIDE SO EVALUATING THE UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH EXPERIENCE: A GUIDE FOR PROGRAM DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.; Gardner, Michael K.] Univ Utah, Dept Educ Psychol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] Northwest Reg Educ Lab, Intercultural Reading & Language Program, Portland, OR USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] USAID, New Delhi, India. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] El Paso Collaborat Acad Excellence, El Paso, TX USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Program Evaluat & Org Studies, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Della-Piana, GM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-62396-541-9; 978-1-62396-542-6 PY 2014 BP 3 EP 32 PG 30 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5NV UT WOS:000336867200002 ER PT B AU Della-Piana, G Della-Piana, CK Gardner, MK AF Della-Piana, Gabriel Della-Piana, Connie Kubo Gardner, Michael K. BA DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK BF DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK TI Evaluating the Undergraduate Research Experience A Guide for Program Directors and Principal Investigators PREFACE SO EVALUATING THE UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH EXPERIENCE: A GUIDE FOR PROGRAM DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Della-Piana, Gabriel; Gardner, Michael K.] Univ Utah, Dept Educ Psychol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel] Northwest Reg Educ Lab, Intercultural Reading & Language Program, Portland, OR USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel] USAID, New Delhi, India. [Della-Piana, Gabriel] El Paso Collaborat Acad Excellence, El Paso, TX USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Program Evaluat & Org Studies, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Della-Piana, G (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-62396-541-9; 978-1-62396-542-6 PY 2014 BP XV EP XVIII PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5NV UT WOS:000336867200001 ER PT B AU Della-Piana, GM Della-Piana, CK Gardner, MK AF Della-Piana, Gabriel M. Della-Piana, Connie Kubo Gardner, Michael K. BA DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK BF DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK TI THE KEY FEATURES OF UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH EXPERIENCE EFFORTS SO EVALUATING THE UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH EXPERIENCE: A GUIDE FOR PROGRAM DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.; Gardner, Michael K.] Univ Utah, Dept Educ Psychol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] Northwest Reg Educ Lab, Intercultural Reading & Language Program, Portland, OR USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] USAID, New Delhi, India. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] El Paso Collaborat Acad Excellence, El Paso, TX USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Program Evaluat & Org Studies, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Della-Piana, GM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-62396-541-9; 978-1-62396-542-6 PY 2014 BP 33 EP 48 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5NV UT WOS:000336867200003 ER PT B AU Della-Piana, GM Della-Piana, CK Gardner, MK AF Della-Piana, Gabriel M. Della-Piana, Connie Kubo Gardner, Michael K. BA DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK BF DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK TI DESCRIBING THE PROGRAM OR PROJECT IN NARRATIVE FORM SO EVALUATING THE UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH EXPERIENCE: A GUIDE FOR PROGRAM DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.; Gardner, Michael K.] Univ Utah, Dept Educ Psychol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] Northwest Reg Educ Lab, Intercultural Reading & Language Program, Portland, OR USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] USAID, New Delhi, India. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] El Paso Collaborat Acad Excellence, El Paso, TX USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Program Evaluat & Org Studies, Div Undergrad Educ, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Della-Piana, GM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-62396-541-9; 978-1-62396-542-6 PY 2014 BP 51 EP 67 PG 17 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5NV UT WOS:000336867200004 ER PT B AU Della-Piana, GM Della-Piana, CK Gardner, MK AF Della-Piana, Gabriel M. Della-Piana, Connie Kubo Gardner, Michael K. BA DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK BF DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK TI DESCRIBING THE PROGRAM THROUGH GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION SO EVALUATING THE UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH EXPERIENCE: A GUIDE FOR PROGRAM DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.; Gardner, Michael K.] Univ Utah, Dept Educ Psychol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] Northwest Reg Educ Lab, Intercultural Reading & Language Program, Portland, OR USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] USAID, New Delhi, India. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] El Paso Collaborat Acad Excellence, El Paso, TX USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Program Evaluat & Org Studies, Div Undergrad Educ, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Della-Piana, GM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-62396-541-9; 978-1-62396-542-6 PY 2014 BP 69 EP 83 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5NV UT WOS:000336867200005 ER PT B AU Della-Piana, GM Della-Piana, CK Gardner, MK AF Della-Piana, Gabriel M. Della-Piana, Connie Kubo Gardner, Michael K. BA DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK BF DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK TI CONSTRUCTING AND PRIORITIZING SO EVALUATING THE UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH EXPERIENCE: A GUIDE FOR PROGRAM DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EDUCATION C1 [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.; Gardner, Michael K.] Univ Utah, Dept Educ Psychol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] Northwest Reg Educ Lab, Intercultural Reading & Language Program, Portland, OR USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] USAID, New Delhi, India. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] El Paso Collaborat Acad Excellence, El Paso, TX USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Program Evaluat & Org Studies, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Della-Piana, GM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-62396-541-9; 978-1-62396-542-6 PY 2014 BP 87 EP 106 PG 20 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5NV UT WOS:000336867200006 ER PT B AU Della-Piana, GM Della-Piana, CK Gardner, MK AF Della-Piana, Gabriel M. Della-Piana, Connie Kubo Gardner, Michael K. BA DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK BF DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK TI SURVEYS AND STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS SO EVALUATING THE UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH EXPERIENCE: A GUIDE FOR PROGRAM DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.; Gardner, Michael K.] Univ Utah, Dept Educ Psychol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] Northwest Reg Educ Lab, Intercultural Reading & Language Program, Portland, OR USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] USAID, New Delhi, India. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] El Paso Collaborat Acad Excellence, El Paso, TX USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Program Evaluat & Org Studies, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Della-Piana, GM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-62396-541-9; 978-1-62396-542-6 PY 2014 BP 111 EP 121 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5NV UT WOS:000336867200007 ER PT B AU Della-Piana, GM Della-Piana, CK Gardner, MK AF Della-Piana, Gabriel M. Della-Piana, Connie Kubo Gardner, Michael K. BA DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK BF DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK TI THE FOCUS GROUP SO EVALUATING THE UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH EXPERIENCE: A GUIDE FOR PROGRAM DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.; Gardner, Michael K.] Univ Utah, Dept Educ Psychol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] Northwest Reg Educ Lab, Intercultural Reading & Language Program, Portland, OR USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] USAID, New Delhi, India. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] El Paso Collaborat Acad Excellence, El Paso, TX USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Program Evaluat & Org Studies, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Della-Piana, GM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-62396-541-9; 978-1-62396-542-6 PY 2014 BP 123 EP 138 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5NV UT WOS:000336867200008 ER PT B AU Della-Piana, GM Della-Piana, CK Gardner, MK AF Della-Piana, Gabriel M. Della-Piana, Connie Kubo Gardner, Michael K. BA DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK BF DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK TI OBSERVATION OF GROUP BEHAVIOR SO EVALUATING THE UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH EXPERIENCE: A GUIDE FOR PROGRAM DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.; Gardner, Michael K.] Univ Utah, Dept Educ Psychol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] Northwest Reg Educ Lab, Intercultural Reading & Language Program, Portland, OR USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] USAID, New Delhi, India. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] El Paso Collaborat Acad Excellence, El Paso, TX USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Program Evaluat & Org Studies, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Della-Piana, GM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-62396-541-9; 978-1-62396-542-6 PY 2014 BP 139 EP 150 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5NV UT WOS:000336867200009 ER PT B AU Della-Piana, GM Della-Piana, CK Gardner, MK AF Della-Piana, Gabriel M. Della-Piana, Connie Kubo Gardner, Michael K. BA DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK BF DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK TI HISTORICAL TRACING OF CURRENT ACCOMPLISHMENTS SO EVALUATING THE UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH EXPERIENCE: A GUIDE FOR PROGRAM DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.; Gardner, Michael K.] Univ Utah, Dept Educ Psychol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] Northwest Reg Educ Lab, Intercultural Reading & Language Program, Portland, OR USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] USAID, New Delhi, India. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] El Paso Collaborat Acad Excellence, El Paso, TX USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Program Evaluat & Org Studies, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Della-Piana, GM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-62396-541-9; 978-1-62396-542-6 PY 2014 BP 151 EP 163 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5NV UT WOS:000336867200010 ER PT B AU Della-Piana, GM Della-Piana, CK Gardner, MK AF Della-Piana, Gabriel M. Della-Piana, Connie Kubo Gardner, Michael K. BA DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK BF DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK TI INSTITUTIONAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE SO EVALUATING THE UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH EXPERIENCE: A GUIDE FOR PROGRAM DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.; Gardner, Michael K.] Univ Utah, Dept Educ Psychol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] Northwest Reg Educ Lab, Intercultural Reading & Language Program, Portland, OR USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] USAID, New Delhi, India. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] El Paso Collaborat Acad Excellence, El Paso, TX USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Program Evaluat & Org Studies, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Della-Piana, GM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-62396-541-9; 978-1-62396-542-6 PY 2014 BP 165 EP 179 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5NV UT WOS:000336867200011 ER PT B AU Della-Piana, GM Della-Piana, CK Gardner, MK AF Della-Piana, Gabriel M. Della-Piana, Connie Kubo Gardner, Michael K. BA DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK BF DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK TI SELECTING AMONG QUANTITATIVE METHODS SO EVALUATING THE UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH EXPERIENCE: A GUIDE FOR PROGRAM DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.; Gardner, Michael K.] Univ Utah, Dept Educ Psychol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] Northwest Reg Educ Lab, Intercultural Reading & Language Program, Portland, OR USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] USAID, New Delhi, India. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] El Paso Collaborat Acad Excellence, El Paso, TX USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Program Evaluat & Org Studies, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Della-Piana, GM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-62396-541-9; 978-1-62396-542-6 PY 2014 BP 183 EP 195 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5NV UT WOS:000336867200012 ER PT B AU Della-Piana, GM Della-Piana, CK Gardner, MK AF Della-Piana, Gabriel M. Della-Piana, Connie Kubo Gardner, Michael K. BA DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK BF DellaPiana, GM DellaPiana, CK Gardner, MK TI DEVELOPING AN EVALUATION PLAN SO EVALUATING THE UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH EXPERIENCE: A GUIDE FOR PROGRAM DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EDUCATION C1 [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.; Gardner, Michael K.] Univ Utah, Dept Educ Psychol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] Northwest Reg Educ Lab, Intercultural Reading & Language Program, Portland, OR USA. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] USAID, New Delhi, India. [Della-Piana, Gabriel M.] El Paso Collaborat Acad Excellence, El Paso, TX USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Program Evaluat & Org Studies, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Della-Piana, Connie Kubo] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Undergrad Educ, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Della-Piana, GM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-62396-541-9; 978-1-62396-542-6 PY 2014 BP 197 EP 216 PG 20 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5NV UT WOS:000336867200013 ER PT B AU Hammergren, LA AF Hammergren, Linn A. BA Hammergren, LA BF Hammergren, LA TI Justice Reform and Development Rethinking donor assistance to developing and transition countries Introduction SO JUSTICE REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT: RETHINKING DONOR ASSISTANCE TO DEVELOPING AND TRANSITION COUNTRIES SE Law Development and Globalization LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Hammergren, Linn A.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Hammergren, Linn A.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Hammergren, Linn A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-315-81631-9; 978-0-415-73992-4 J9 LAW DEV GLOB PY 2014 BP 1 EP + PG 24 WC Law; Planning & Development SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BB3ZI UT WOS:000343112400001 ER PT B AU Hammergren, LA AF Hammergren, Linn A. BA Hammergren, LA BF Hammergren, LA TI A brief overview of three decades of donor reforms SO JUSTICE REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT: RETHINKING DONOR ASSISTANCE TO DEVELOPING AND TRANSITION COUNTRIES SE Law Development and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hammergren, Linn A.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Hammergren, Linn A.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Hammergren, Linn A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-315-81631-9; 978-0-415-73992-4 J9 LAW DEV GLOB PY 2014 BP 7 EP 24 PG 18 WC Law; Planning & Development SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BB3ZI UT WOS:000343112400002 ER PT B AU Hammergren, LA AF Hammergren, Linn A. BA Hammergren, LA BF Hammergren, LA TI What is meant by failure? SO JUSTICE REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT: RETHINKING DONOR ASSISTANCE TO DEVELOPING AND TRANSITION COUNTRIES SE Law Development and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hammergren, Linn A.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Hammergren, Linn A.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Hammergren, Linn A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-315-81631-9; 978-0-415-73992-4 J9 LAW DEV GLOB PY 2014 BP 25 EP 56 PG 32 WC Law; Planning & Development SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BB3ZI UT WOS:000343112400003 ER PT B AU Hammergren, LA AF Hammergren, Linn A. BA Hammergren, LA BF Hammergren, LA TI Judicial independence, as promoted and as practiced SO JUSTICE REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT: RETHINKING DONOR ASSISTANCE TO DEVELOPING AND TRANSITION COUNTRIES SE Law Development and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hammergren, Linn A.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Hammergren, Linn A.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Hammergren, Linn A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-315-81631-9; 978-0-415-73992-4 J9 LAW DEV GLOB PY 2014 BP 57 EP 87 PG 31 WC Law; Planning & Development SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BB3ZI UT WOS:000343112400004 ER PT B AU Hammergren, LA AF Hammergren, Linn A. BA Hammergren, LA BF Hammergren, LA TI Improving performance Experience from more and less developed countries SO JUSTICE REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT: RETHINKING DONOR ASSISTANCE TO DEVELOPING AND TRANSITION COUNTRIES SE Law Development and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hammergren, Linn A.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Hammergren, Linn A.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Hammergren, Linn A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-315-81631-9; 978-0-415-73992-4 J9 LAW DEV GLOB PY 2014 BP 88 EP 128 PG 41 WC Law; Planning & Development SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BB3ZI UT WOS:000343112400005 ER PT B AU Hammergren, LA AF Hammergren, Linn A. BA Hammergren, LA BF Hammergren, LA TI Reform as access to formal and informal mechanisms SO JUSTICE REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT: RETHINKING DONOR ASSISTANCE TO DEVELOPING AND TRANSITION COUNTRIES SE Law Development and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hammergren, Linn A.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Hammergren, Linn A.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Hammergren, Linn A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-315-81631-9; 978-0-415-73992-4 J9 LAW DEV GLOB PY 2014 BP 129 EP 166 PG 38 WC Law; Planning & Development SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BB3ZI UT WOS:000343112400006 ER PT B AU Hammergren, LA AF Hammergren, Linn A. BA Hammergren, LA BF Hammergren, LA TI The extra-sector impacts of justice reform SO JUSTICE REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT: RETHINKING DONOR ASSISTANCE TO DEVELOPING AND TRANSITION COUNTRIES SE Law Development and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hammergren, Linn A.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Hammergren, Linn A.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Hammergren, Linn A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-315-81631-9; 978-0-415-73992-4 J9 LAW DEV GLOB PY 2014 BP 167 EP 198 PG 32 WC Law; Planning & Development SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BB3ZI UT WOS:000343112400007 ER PT B AU Hammergren, LA AF Hammergren, Linn A. BA Hammergren, LA BF Hammergren, LA TI The next steps SO JUSTICE REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT: RETHINKING DONOR ASSISTANCE TO DEVELOPING AND TRANSITION COUNTRIES SE Law Development and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hammergren, Linn A.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Hammergren, Linn A.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Hammergren, Linn A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-315-81631-9; 978-0-415-73992-4 J9 LAW DEV GLOB PY 2014 BP 199 EP 238 PG 40 WC Law; Planning & Development SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BB3ZI UT WOS:000343112400008 ER PT B AU Aldrich, DP AF Aldrich, Daniel P. BE Christoforou, A Davis, JB TI The externalities of strong social capital Post-tsunami recovery in Southeast India SO SOCIAL CAPITAL AND ECONOMICS: SOCIAL VALUES, POWER, AND SOCIAL IDENTITY SE Routledge Advances in Social Economics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CIVIL-SOCIETY; COMMUNITY; HETEROGENEITY; POLICY; POWER C1 [Aldrich, Daniel P.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Aldrich, Daniel P.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Aldrich, DP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-50501-4; 978-0-415-83413-1 J9 ROUTL ADV SOC ECON PY 2014 VL 20 BP 169 EP 189 PG 21 WC Economics; Social Issues SC Business & Economics; Social Issues GA BB3RF UT WOS:000342999200010 ER PT J AU Gambino, AW AF Gambino, Anthony W. BE Genser, J Ugarte, BS TI Democratic Republic of the Congo SO UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL IN THE AGE OF HUMAN RIGHTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gambino, Anthony W.] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Gambino, Anthony W.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Gambino, Anthony W.] Peace Corps, Washington, DC USA. [Gambino, Anthony W.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Gambino, AW (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-04007-6 PY 2014 BP 357 EP 379 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139626972 PG 23 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BB3KP UT WOS:000342825000014 ER PT B AU Grayzel, JA AF Grayzel, John A. BE Oxford, RL TI AFRICAN PERFORMING ART Language of Social Connectivity, Reconstruction, and Harmony SO UNDERSTANDING PEACE CULTURES SE Peace Education Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Grayzel, John A.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Grayzel, John A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-62396-505-1; 978-1-62396-506-8 J9 PEACE EDUC SER PY 2014 BP 231 EP 263 PG 33 WC Education & Educational Research; Political Science SC Education & Educational Research; Government & Law GA BB3HK UT WOS:000342785200012 ER PT J AU Fox, E Obregon, R AF Fox, Elizabeth Obregon, Rafael TI Population-Level Behavior Change to Enhance Child Survival and Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Fox, Elizabeth] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Obregon, Rafael] United Nations Childrens Fund UNICEF, Commun Dev Sect, Programme Div, New York, NY USA. RP Fox, E (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM efox@usaid.gov NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 EI 1087-0415 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PY 2014 VL 19 SU 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1080/10810730.2014.934937 PG 7 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA AP4QC UT WOS:000342062000002 PM 25207445 ER PT J AU Balster, RL Levy, S Stammer, E AF Balster, Robert L. Levy, Stephanie Stammer, Emily TI Evidence Acquisition and Evaluation for Evidence Summit on Population-Level Behavior Change to Enhance Child Survival and Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Review AB Recognizing the need for evidence to inform public health officials and health care workers in the U.S. government and low- and middle-income country governments on efficient, effective behavior change policies, strategies, and programs for child health and development, the U.S. government convened the Evidence Summit on Enhancing Child Survival and Development in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries by Achieving Population-Level Behavior Change. This article summarizes the background and methods for the acquisition and evaluation of the evidence used to the achieve the goals of the summit that is reviewed in other articles in this special issue of the Journal of Health Communication. The process began by identifying focal questions intended to inform the U.S. and low- and middle-income governments about behavior change interventions that accelerate reductions in under-5 mortality and optimize healthy and protective child development to 5 years of age. Experts were selected representing the research and program communities, academia, relevant nongovernmental organizations, and government agencies and assembled into evidence review teams. This was followed by the systematic gathering of relevant peer-reviewed literature that would inform the focal questions. Members of the evidence review teams were invited to add relevant articles not identified in the initial literature review to complete the bibliographies. Details of the search processes and methods used for screening and quality reviews are described. The evidence review teams were asked to comply with a specific evaluation framework for recommendations on practice and policy on the basis of both expert opinion and the quality of the data reviewed. C1 [Balster, Robert L.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Balster, Robert L.; Levy, Stephanie] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Stammer, Emily] Knowledge Management Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Balster, RL (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Box 980310, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM balster@vcu.edu NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 EI 1087-0415 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PY 2014 VL 19 SU 1 SI SI BP 10 EP 24 DI 10.1080/10810730.2014.918215 PG 15 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA AP4QC UT WOS:000342062000003 PM 25207446 ER PT J AU Elder, JP Pequegnat, W Ahmed, S Bachman, G Bullock, M Carlo, WA Chandra-Mouli, V Fox, NA Harkness, S Huebner, G Lombardi, J Murry, VM Moran, A Norton, M Mulik, J Parks, W Raikes, HH Smyser, J Sugg, C Sweat, M AF Elder, John P. Pequegnat, Willo Ahmed, Saifuddin Bachman, Gretchen Bullock, Merry Carlo, Waldemar A. Chandra-Mouli, Venkatraman Fox, Nathan A. Harkness, Sara Huebner, Gillian Lombardi, Joan Murry, Velma McBride Moran, Allisyn Norton, Maureen Mulik, Jennifer Parks, Will Raikes, Helen H. Smyser, Joseph Sugg, Caroline Sweat, Michael TI Caregiver Behavior Change for Child Survival and Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Examination of the Evidence SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY; SCHOOL-BASED INTERVENTION; MATERNAL LIFE-COURSE; SEVERELY MALNOURISHED CHILDREN; REPEAT ADOLESCENT PREGNANCIES; POSITIVE PARENTING PROGRAM; INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; NURSE HOME VISITATION; KANGAROO MOTHER CARE AB In June of 2012, representatives from more than 80 countries promulgated a Child Survival Call to Action, which called for reducing child mortality to 20 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births in every country by 2035. To address the problem of ending preventable child deaths, the U.S. Agency for International Development and the United Nations Children's Fund convened, on June 3-4, 2013, an Evidence Summit on Enhancing Child Survival and Development in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries by Achieving Population-Level Behavior Change. Six evidence review teams were established on different topics related to child survival and healthy development to identify the relevant evidence-based interventions and to prepare reports. This article was developed by the evidence review team responsible for identifying the research literature on caregiver change for child survival and development. This article is organized into childhood developmental periods and cross-cutting issues that affect child survival and healthy early development across all these periods. On the basis of this review, the authors present evidence-based recommendations for programs focused on caregivers to increase child survival and promote healthy development. Last, promising directions for future research to change caregivers' behaviors are given. C1 [Elder, John P.; Smyser, Joseph] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Pequegnat, Willo] NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Ahmed, Saifuddin] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Bachman, Gretchen] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Bullock, Merry] Amer Psychol Assoc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Carlo, Waldemar A.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Pediat, Birmingham, AL USA. [Chandra-Mouli, Venkatraman] WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Fox, Nathan A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Human Dev, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Harkness, Sara] Univ Connecticut, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, Storrs, CT USA. [Huebner, Gillian] US Agcy Int Dev, Ctr Children Advers, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Lombardi, Joan] Bernard van Leer Fdn, Washington, DC USA. [Murry, Velma McBride] Vanderbilt Univ, Peabody Coll, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Moran, Allisyn] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Norton, Maureen] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Mulik, Jennifer] PACT, Washington, DC USA. [Parks, Will] United Nations Childrens Fund UNICEF, New York, NY USA. [Raikes, Helen H.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Child Youth & Family Studies, Lincoln, NE USA. [Sugg, Caroline] British Broadcasting Co, London, England. [Sweat, Michael] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Pequegnat, W (reprint author), NIH, 6001 Execut Blvd,Room 6219,MSC 9619, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM wpequegn@mail.nih.gov NR 214 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 EI 1087-0415 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PY 2014 VL 19 SU 1 SI SI BP 25 EP 66 DI 10.1080/10810730.2014.940477 PG 42 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA AP4QC UT WOS:000342062000004 PM 25207447 ER PT J AU Farnsworth, SK Bose, K Fajobi, O Souza, PP Peniston, A Davidson, LL Griffiths, M Hodgins, S AF Farnsworth, S. Katherine Boese, Kirsten Fajobi, Olaoluwa Souza, Patricia Portela Peniston, Anne Davidson, Leslie L. Griffiths, Marcia Hodgins, Stephen TI Community Engagement to Enhance Child Survival and Early Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Evidence Review SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PARTICIPATORY WOMENS GROUPS; NEWBORN HEALTH; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; RURAL BANGLADESH; MATERNAL HEALTH; BIRTH OUTCOMES; INTERVENTION; INDIA; MOBILIZATION AB As part of a broader evidence summit, USAID and UNICEF convened a literature review of effective means to empower communities to achieve behavioral and social changes to accelerate reductions in under-5 mortality and optimize early child development. The authors conducted a systematic review of the effectiveness of community mobilization and participation that led to behavioral change and one or more of the following: child health, survival, and development. The level and nature of community engagement was categorized using two internationally recognized models and only studies where the methods of community participation could be categorized as collaborative or shared leadership were eligible for analysis. The authors identified 34 documents from 18 countries that met the eligibility criteria. Studies with shared leadership typically used a comprehensive community action cycle, whereas studies characterized as collaborative showed clear emphasis on collective action but did not undergo an initial process of community dialogue. The review concluded that programs working collaboratively or achieving shared leadership with a community can lead to behavior change and cost-effective sustained transformation to improve critical health behaviors and reduce poor health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Overall, community engagement is an understudied component of improving child outcomes. C1 [Farnsworth, S. Katherine; Peniston, Anne] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Boese, Kirsten; Fajobi, Olaoluwa] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD USA. [Souza, Patricia Portela] United Nations Childrens Fund, New York, NY USA. [Davidson, Leslie L.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Griffiths, Marcia] Manoff Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Hodgins, Stephen] Save Children, Washington, DC USA. RP Farnsworth, SK (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM sfarnsworth@usaid.gov NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 EI 1087-0415 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PY 2014 VL 19 SU 1 SI SI BP 67 EP 88 DI 10.1080/10810730.2014.941519 PG 22 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA AP4QC UT WOS:000342062000005 PM 25207448 ER EF