FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Shi, JC Chen, KS Tsang, L Jackson, T Njoku, E Van Zyl, J O' Neill, P Entekhabi, D Johnson, J Moghaddam, M Entekhabi, D Johnson, J Moghaddam, M AF Shi, Jiancheng Chen, K. S. Tsang, L. Jackson, T. Njoku, E. Van Zyl, J. O' Neill, P. Entekhabi, D. Johnson, J. Moghaddam, M. Entekhabi, D. Johnson, J. Moghaddam, M. GP IEEE TI DERIVING SOIL MOISTURE WITH THE COMBINED L-BAND RADAR AND RADIOMETER MEASUREMENTS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE soil moisture; L-band radar and radiometer AB In this study, we develop a combined active/passive technique to estimate surface soil moisture with the focus on the short vegetated surfaces. We first simulated a database for both active and passive signals under SMAP's sensor configurations using the radiative transfer model with a wide range of conditions for surface soil moisture, roughness and vegetation properties that we considered as the random orientated disks and cylinders. Using this database, we developed 1) the techniques to estimate surface backscattering and emission components and 2) the technique to estimate soil moisture with the estimated surface backscattering and emission components. We will demonstrate these techniques with the model simulated data and its validation with the airborne PALS image data from the soil moisture SGP'99 and SMEX'02 experiments. C1 [Shi, Jiancheng] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, ICESS, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Chen, K. S.] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli 32001, Taiwan. [Tsang, L.] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jackson, T.] USDA, ARS Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Njoku, E.; Van Zyl, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [O' Neill, P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Entekhabi, D.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Johnson, J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Moghaddam, M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Shi, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, ICESS, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM shi@icess.ucsb.edu RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 812 EP 815 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652424 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800211 ER PT S AU Crow, WT Wagner, W Naeimi, V AF Crow, Wade T. Wagner, Wolfgang Naeimi, Vahid GP IEEE TI INFERRING THE IMPACT OF RADAR INCIDENCE ANGLE ON SOIL MOISTURE RETRIEVAL SKILL USING DATA ASSIMILATION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Remote sensing; Soil moisture; Data Assimilation; Radar ID ERS SCATTEROMETER AB The impact of measurement incidence angle (theta) on the accuracy of radar-based surface soil moisture (Theta(s)) retrievals is largely unknown due to discrepancies in theoretical backscatter models as well as limitations in the availability of sufficiently-extensive ground-based Theta(s) observations for validation. Here, we apply a data assimilation-based evaluation technique for remotely-sensed Theta(s) retrievals that does not require ground-based soil moisture observations to examine the sensitivity of skill in surface Theta(s) retrievals to variations in theta. Application of the evaluation approach to the TU-Wien European Remote Sensing (ERS) scatterometer Theta(s) data set over regional-scale (similar to 1000(2) km(2)) domains in the Southern Great Plains (SGP) and Southeastern (SE) regions of the United States indicate a relative reduction in correlation-based skill of 23% to 30% for Theta(s) retrievals obtained from far-field (theta > 50 degrees) ERS observations relative to Theta(s) estimates obtained at theta < 26 degrees. Such relatively modest sensitivity to theta is consistent with Theta(s) retrieval noise predictions made using the TU-Wien ERS Water Retrieval Package 5 (WARP5) backscatter model. However, over moderate vegetation cover in the SE domain, the coupling of a bare soil backscatter model with a "vegetation water cloud" canopy model is shown to overestimate the impact of theta on Theta(s) retrieval skill. C1 [Crow, Wade T.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wagner, Wolfgang; Naeimi, Vahid] Inst Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Wagner, Wolfgang/0000-0001-7704-6857 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1261 EP 1264 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650151 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801104 ER PT S AU Corp, LA Middleton, EM Daughtry, CST Russ, AL Campbell, PKE Huemmrich, KF Cheng, YB AF Corp, Lawrence A. Middleton, Elizabeth M. Daughtry, Craig S. T. Russ, Andrew L. Campbell, Petya K. E. Huemmrich, K. Fred Cheng, Yen-Ben GP IEEE TI FORECASTING CORN YIELD WITH IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID USE EFFICIENCY; REFLECTANCE; INDICATOR; CHEMISTRY; CANOPY; RED AB Corn is the most widely produced grain in the United States with 87 million acres planted in 2009 accounting for more than 90 percent of total value and production of feed grains. Half of United States' corn production is used in livestock feed with the remainder processed into a multitude of food and industrial products including starch, sweeteners, corn oil, beverage and industrial alcohol, and fuel ethanol. With increased focus on renewable energy, an unusual link between corn and oil commodities has been created increasing the demand for the grain in ethanol production. As a result, monitoring crop performance is vital for yield forecasting and developing timely remediation strategies to optimize crop performance. Several factors including water availability, nitrogen (N) supply, soil organic mater, disease, and supply of other nutrients, have a significant impact on crop growth and grain yields. Imaging spectroscopy can provide timely, spatially explicit information for managing agricultural ecosystems. The HyspIRI mission called for by the NRC Decadal Survey [11] identifies the need for a near term space-borne hyperspectral imaging spectrometer to globally map early signs of ecosystem change through altered physiology. The primary instrument on the proposed NASA HyspIRI mission is a hyperspectral (10 nm FWHM) mapper with a 60 m ground resolution and a 19 day global revisit, which will enable imaging spectroscopy with high temporal repeat to capture the impact of environmental perturbations on ecosystem productivity. Recent advances in airborne hyperspectral imaging systems [i.e., AVIRIS [7], AISA EAGLE & Hawk (Specim, Oulu, Finland)] along with Earth Observing One (EO-1) Hyperion satellite data have made it possible to obtain high resolution spatial and full range visible (VIS) to short wave infrared (SWIR) spectral information that can be further employed to explore vegetation productivity and change in both agricultural and surrounding ecosystems to further define algorithms and products applicable to the HyspIRI mission. From hyperspectral data, numerous statistical and spectroscopic approaches have been developed that use features in vegetation spectral curves to gain insight to biophysical parameters, including: biomass, pigments, tissue water content, and the amount of lignin, cellulose, and foliar N [1, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14]. In the case of optically dense vegetation, the spectral derivative has been shown to be indicative of the abundance and activity of the absorbers in the leaves [2, 4]. Further, linear unmixing and spectral angle matching techniques take advantage of the high dimensionality of hyperspectral data and can be used alone or in conjunction with other vegetation indices for ecosystem assessment [8]. Here we will further investigate these spectroscopic techniques to enhance corn yield forecasting capabilities. C1 [Corp, Lawrence A.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Middleton, Elizabeth M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Daughtry, Craig S. T.; Russ, Andrew L.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Campbell, Petya K. E.; Huemmrich, K. Fred] UMBC, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Cheng, Yen-Ben] Earth Res Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20701 USA. RP Corp, LA (reprint author), Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RI Campbell, Petya/G-4931-2013; Campbell, Petya/L-7486-2013 OI Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951; Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1819 EP 1822 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649267 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801246 ER PT S AU Serbin, G Hunt, ER Daughtry, CST Brown, DJ McCarty, GW Doraiswamy, PC AF Serbin, Guy Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Daughtry, Craig S. T. Brown, David J. McCarty, Gregory W. Doraiswamy, Paul C. GP IEEE TI ASSESSMENT OF SPECTRAL INDICES FOR CROP RESIDUE COVER ESTIMATION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Agriculture; soil; remote sensing; vegetation mapping ID ORGANIC-CARBON SEQUESTRATION; SOIL; REFLECTANCE AB The quantification of surficial crop residue (non-photosynthetic vegetation) cover is important for assessing agricultural tillage practices, rangeland health, and brush fire hazards. The Cellulose Absorption Index (CAI) and the Shortwave Infrared Normalized Difference Residue Index (SINDRI) are two spectral indices that have shown promise for remote estimation of crop residue cover. CAI and SINDRI utilize three and two spectral bands, respectively, rendering the latter less expensive to implement in future satellite sensors. This study shows that while CAI always contrasts well among soils, crop residues, and live vegetation, this is not always the case for SINDRI. A small number of surficial soil samples had positive SINDRI values that have reduced contrasts among crop residues. Some of these soils were biased by SINDRI-positive component minerals. As such, SINDRI is less applicable for remote crop residue cover estimation, even with reduced implementation costs. C1 [Serbin, Guy] USDA, ASRC Management Serv, FAS, OGA,IPAD, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.; Daughtry, Craig S. T.; McCarty, Gregory W.; Doraiswamy, Paul C.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Brown, David J.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Serbin, G (reprint author), USDA, ASRC Management Serv, FAS, OGA,IPAD, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM guy.serbin@gmail.com RI Serbin, Guy/K-7836-2013 OI Serbin, Guy/0000-0001-9345-1772 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1827 EP 1830 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5654193 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801248 ER PT S AU Kurum, M O'Neill, PE Lang, RH Joseph, AT Cosh, MH Jackson, TJ AF Kurum, Mehmet O'Neill, Peggy E. Lang, Roger H. Joseph, Alicia T. Cosh, Michael H. Jackson, Thomas J. GP IEEE TI CHRACTERIZATION OF FOREST OPACITY USING MULTI-ANGULAR EMSSION AND BACKSCATTER DATA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Microwave; radar; radiometer; forest; attenuation ID L-MEB MODEL; MICROWAVE EMISSION; CALIBRATION; FIELDS AB This paper discusses the results from a series of field experiments using ground-based L-band microwave active/passive sensors. Three independent approaches are applied to the microwave data to determine vegetation opacity of coniferous trees. First, a zero-order radiative transfer model is fitted to multi-angular microwave emissivity data in a least-square sense to provide "effective" vegetation optical depth. Second, a ratio between radar backscatter measurements with a corner reflector under trees and in an open area is calculated to obtain "measured" tree propagation characteristics. Finally, the "theoretical" propagation constant is determined by forward scattering theorem using detailed measurements of size/angle distributions and dielectric constants of the tree constituents (trunk, branches, and needles). The results indicate that "effective" values underestimate attenuation values compared to both "theoretical" and "measured" values. C1 [Kurum, Mehmet; O'Neill, Peggy E.; Joseph, Alicia T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Code 614-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lang, Roger H.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Cosh, Michael H.; Jackson, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kurum, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Code 614-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Mehmet.Kurum@nasa.gov RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013; Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2051 EP 2054 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5653069 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802050 ER PT S AU Wang, YQ Nemani, R Dieffenbach, F Stolte, K Holcomb, G Robinson, M Reese, CC McNiff, M Duhaime, R Tierney, G Mitchell, B August, P Paton, P LaBash, C AF Wang, Yeqiao Nemani, Ramakrishna Dieffenbach, Fred Stolte, Kenneth Holcomb, Glenn Robinson, Matt Reese, C. Casey McNiff, Marcia Duhaime, Roland Tierney, Geri Mitchell, Brian August, Peter Paton, Peter LaBash, Charles GP IEEE TI DEVELOPMENT OF A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR MONITORING, REPORTING AND FORECASTING ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE APPALACHIAN TRAIL SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Appalachian Trail; Data Integration; Visualization; TOPS ID HABITAT SUITABILITY AB This paper introduces a collaborative multi-agency effort to develop an Appalachian Trail (A. T.) MEGA-Transect Decision Support System (DSS) for monitoring, reporting and forecasting ecological conditions of the A. T. and the surrounding lands. The project is to improve decision-making on management of the A. T. by providing a coherent framework for data integration, status reporting and trend analysis. The A. T. MEGA-Transect DSS is to integrate NASA multi-platform sensor data and modeling through the Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS) and in situ measurements from A. T. MEGA-Transect partners to address identified natural resource priorities and improve resource management decisions. C1 [Wang, Yeqiao; Duhaime, Roland; August, Peter; Paton, Peter; LaBash, Charles] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Nemani, Ramakrishna] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Dieffenbach, Fred; Mitchell, Brian] NPS Appalachian Natl Scen Trail, Northeast Temperate Network, Woodstock, VT 05091 USA. [Stolte, Kenneth] USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stat, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Holcomb, Glenn] US Geol Survey, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Robinson, Matt] Appalachian Trail Conservancy, Harpers Ferry, WV 25425 USA. [Reese, C. Casey] Appalachian Natl Scen Trail, Natl Park Serv, Harpers Ferry, WV 25425 USA. [McNiff, Marcia] USGS, Natl Biol Informat Infrastruct, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Tierney, Geri] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Wang, YQ (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM yqwang@uri.edu FU NASA [NNX09AV82G]; NASA/Rhode Island Space Grant Consortium [NNG05GG71H, 00000258] FX The primary funding for this study was provided by NASA (Grant NNX09AV82G). NASA/Rhode Island Space Grant Consortium partially sponsored field data collection in the Northeastern segments (Grant NNG05GG71H sub-award 00000258) NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2095 EP 2098 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651835 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802061 ER PT S AU Steele, C Rango, A Hall, D Bleiweiss, M AF Steele, Caiti Rango, Al Hall, Dorothy Bleiweiss, Max GP IEEE TI SENSITIVITY OF THE SNOWMELT RUNOFF MODEL TO UNDERESTIMATES OF REMOTELY SENSED SNOW COVERED AREA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE snow covered area; snowmelt runoff model; Terra MODIS AB Three methods for estimating snow covered area (SCA) from Terra MODIS data were used to derive conventional depletion curves for input to the Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM). We compared the MOD10 binary and fractional snow cover products and a method for estimating sub-pixel snow cover using spectral mixture analysis (SMA). All three methods underestimated SCA and this contributed to underestimates in runoff modeled by SRM. The closest relationship between measured and computed runoff was achieved when SRM was run with conventional depletion curves derived from the MODIS fractional snow cover product (R-2 = 0.91). Although the MODIS fractional snow cover product and SMA did not perform as well as the binary snow over product (R-2 = 0.70 and R-2 = 0.72 respectively) we anticipate that either of these methods may be reworked to better account for forest cover in our study area and so improve SCA estimates. C1 [Steele, Caiti; Bleiweiss, Max] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Rango, Al] USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Beltsville, MD USA. [Hall, Dorothy] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Steele, C (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RI Hall, Dorothy/D-5562-2012 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2382 EP 2385 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5653240 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802135 ER PT S AU Moran, MS O'Neill, PE Entekhabi, D Njoku, EG Kellogg, KH AF Moran, M. Susan O'Neill, Peggy E. Entekhabi, Dara Njoku, Eni G. Kellogg, Kent H. GP IEEE TI FOSTERING APPLICATIONS OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE NASA SOIL MOISTURE ACTIVE PASSIVE (SMAP) MISSION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Soil moisture; freeze/thaw; applied science; Earth land surface AB The NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Mission will provide global observations of soil moisture and freeze/thaw state from space. We outline how priority applications contributed to the SMAP mission measurement requirements and how the SMAP mission plans to foster applications and applied science. C1 [Moran, M. Susan] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [O'Neill, Peggy E.; Njoku, Eni G.; Kellogg, Kent H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Entekhabi, Dara] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Njoku, Eni G.; Kellogg, Kent H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Moran, MS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM susan.moran@ars.usda.gov RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2571 EP 2574 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652647 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802184 ER PT S AU Houborg, R Anderson, M Kustas, B Rodell, M AF Houborg, Rasmus Anderson, Martha Kustas, Bill Rodell, Matthew GP IEEE TI COMBINING OBSERVATIONS IN THE REFLECTIVE SOLAR AND THERMAL DOMAINS FOR IMPROVED MAPPING OF CARBON, WATER AND ENERGY FLUXES SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Leaf chlorophyll; light use efficiency; thermal infrared; carbon flux; reflective shortwave ID CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; FIELD; MODEL; LEAF AB This study investigates the utility of integrating remotely sensed estimates of leaf chlorophyll (C-ab) into a thermal-based Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model that estimates land-surface CO2 and energy fluxes using an analytical, light-use-efficiency (LUE) based model of canopy resistance. Day to day variations in nominal LUE (LUEn) were assessed for a corn crop field in Maryland U.S.A. through model calibration with CO2 flux tower observations. The optimized daily LUEn values were then compared to estimates of C-ab integrated from gridded maps of chlorophyll content weighted over the tower flux source area. Changes in C-ab exhibited a curvilinear relationship with corresponding changes in daily calibrated LUEn values derived from the tower flux data, and hourly water, energy and carbon flux estimation accuracies from TSEB were significantly improved when using C-ab for delineating spatio-temporal variations in LUEn. The results demonstrate the synergy between thermal infrared and shortwave reflective wavebands in producing valuable remote sensing data for monitoring of carbon and water fluxes. C1 [Houborg, Rasmus; Rodell, Matthew] NASAs, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Houborg, Rasmus] Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Anderson, Martha; Kustas, Bill] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Houborg, R (reprint author), NASAs, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Rodell, Matthew/E-4946-2012; OI Rodell, Matthew/0000-0003-0106-7437; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2648 EP 2651 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651597 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802204 ER PT S AU Hunt, ER Li, L Yilmaz, MT Jackson, TJ AF Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Li, Li Yilmaz, M. Tugrul Jackson, Thomas J. GP IEEE TI COMPARISON OF VEGETATION WATER CONTENT ESTIMATES FROM WINDSAT AND MODIS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Soil moisture; Iowa; canopy water content ID INDEX; MOISTURE; IMAGERY AB Retrieval of soil moisture content from microwave sensors also returns an estimate of vegetation water content. Remotely sensed indices from optical sensors can be used to estimate canopy water content. For corn and soybean in central Iowa, there are allometric relationships between canopy water content and vegetation water content. The Normalized Difference Infrared Index from MODIS was used to estimate vegetation water content. We compared independent estimates of vegetation water content from WindSat and MODIS over central Iowa from 2003 to 2005. There was a strong linear relationship between the MODIS and WindSat estimates, but the WindSat estimates were about two times higher. These results suggest that soil moisture retrievals from microwave sensors may be more accurate with estimates of vegetation water content from optical sensors. C1 [Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.; Jackson, Thomas J.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Li, Li] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Yilmaz, M. Tugrul] George Mason Univ, Geog Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Hunt, ER (reprint author), ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. EM Raymond.Hunt@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3879 EP 3881 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651587 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804008 ER PT S AU Zhan, XW Anderson, M Liu, JC AF Zhan, Xiwu Anderson, Martha Liu, Jicheng GP IEEE TI MERGING THERMAL AND MICROWAVE SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS FOR A HIGH-RESOLUTION SOIL MOISTURE DATA PRODUCT SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE C1 [Zhan, Xiwu; Liu, Jicheng] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Anderson, Martha] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Liu, Jicheng] IMSG Inc, NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Zhan, XW (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010; Liu, Jicheng/B-4575-2009; OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4440 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652038 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804152 ER PT S AU Hornbuckle, BK Rowlandson, TL Russell, E Kaleita, A Logsdon, S Kruger, A Yueh, S De Roo, RD AF Hornbuckle, Brian K. Rowlandson, Tracy L. Russell, Eric Kaleita, Amy Logsdon, Sally Kruger, Anton Yueh, Simon De Roo, Roger D. GP IEEE TI HOW DOES DEW AFFECT L-BAND BACKSCATTER? ANALYSIS OF PALS DATA AT THE IOWA VALIDATION SITE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SMAP SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Microwave remote sensing; radar; soil moisture; vegetation; dew ID SOIL-MOISTURE; MICROWAVE EMISSION; FREQUENCY; SURFACE; CANOPY; MODEL AB NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite mission will use both an L-band radiometer and radar to produce global-scale measurements of soil moisture. L-band backscatter is also sensitive to the water content of vegetation. We found that a moderate dew increased the L-band backscatter of a soybean canopy by 1 dB. Dew thus has the potential to add error to satellite observations of soil moisture. C1 [Hornbuckle, Brian K.; Rowlandson, Tracy L.; Russell, Eric; Kaleita, Amy; Logsdon, Sally] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [De Roo, Roger D.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kruger, Anton] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [De Roo, Roger D.] NASA Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hornbuckle, BK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI De Roo, Roger/J-2208-2012; Kaleita, Amy/J-8363-2016 OI De Roo, Roger/0000-0001-8391-2950; Kaleita, Amy/0000-0002-8906-3408 FU NASA FX Funding provided by the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4835 EP 4838 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650792 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804254 ER PT S AU Nelson, SO Trabelsi, S AF Nelson, Stuart O. Trabelsi, Samir GP IEEE TI Measurement of Grain and Seed Moisture and Density Through Permittivity Relationships SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE I2MTC 2010, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 03-06, 2010 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE DE grain; seed; moisture; bulk density; permittivity; dielectric constant; loss factor; microwave measurements ID DENT FIELD CORN; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; BULK-DENSITY; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS; CEREAL-GRAINS; WHEAT; DEPENDENCE; PARAMETERS AB The importance of moisture measurement in grain and seed is discussed, and a brief history of the development of moisture sensing instruments, based on sensing of dielectric properties of these materials, is presented. Data are presented graphically on the permittivities or dielectric properties of grain and seed showing their variation with frequency, moisture content, temperature, and bulk density, and references are cited for further information. More recent developments on microwave measurements for moisture content and bulk density sensing are briefly described, and numerous studies are cited providing sources of information on these promising techniques. C1 [Nelson, Stuart O.; Trabelsi, Samir] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. EM stuart.nelson@ars.usda.gov; samir.trabelsi@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-2833-5 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTS80 UT WOS:000287997200183 ER PT S AU Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO AF Trabelsi, Samir Nelson, Stuart O. GP IEEE TI Microwave Moisture Meter for Granular and Particulate Materials SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE I2MTC 2010, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 03-06, 2010 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE DE low cost; moisture meter; microwave measurements; grain and seed; density-independent algorithm ID DENSITY AB A low-cost microwave moisture meter operating at a single frequency for instantaneous and nondestructive determination of moisture content of granular and particulate materials was developed, calibrated and tested with different kinds of grain and seed. The meter operates at a single microwave frequency of 5.8 GHz and uses the principle of free-space transmission measurement for the determination of attenuation, phase shift, and dielectric properties of a layer of material. Moisture content is determined independent of bulk density from the dielectric properties with a permittivity-based algorithm. C1 [Trabelsi, Samir; Nelson, Stuart O.] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. EM samir.trabelsi@ars.usda.gov; stuart.nelson@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-2833-5 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTS80 UT WOS:000287997200248 ER PT S AU Hernandez, M Kepner, WG Goodrich, DC Semmens, DJ AF Hernandez, Mariano Kepner, William G. Goodrich, David C. Semmens, Darius J. BE Liotta, PH Kepner, WG Lancaster, JM Mouat, DA TI The Use of Scenario Analysis to Assess Water Ecosystem Services in Response to Future Land Use Change in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon SO ACHIEVING ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY: ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND HUMAN WELFARE SE Nato Science for Peace and Security Series E-Human and Societal Dynamics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Achieving Environmental Security - Ecosystem Services and Human Welfare CY JUL 05-10, 2009 CL Salve Regina Univ, Pell Ctr Int Relat & Publ Policy, Newport, RI SP NATO, Sci Peace & Secur Programme, US Environm Protect Agcy, United Nat Environm Programme HO Salve Regina Univ, Pell Ctr Int Relat & Publ Policy DE Ecosystem services; hydrological process models; scenario analysis; Willamette River; alternative futures; watershed assessment; sediment yield; nitrate; phosphorus; nutrients ID SWAT AB Human pressures on the natural resources of the United States have resulted in many unintended changes in our ecosystems, e.g., loss of biodiversity, habitat degradation, increases in the number of endangered species, and increases in contamination and water pollution. Environmental managers are concerned about broad-scale changes in land use and landscape pattern and their cumulative impact on hydrologic and ecological processes that affect stream conditions. The type of land use and land cover has direct consequences for most ecosystem services, including water quantity and water quality, erosion control, and biodiversity. As human pressure continues to increase, ecosystem services worldwide are projected to suffer continued loss and degradation, thus reducing the capacity of ecosystems to provide essential goods and services that contribute to human well-being [1]. The ability to assess, report, and forecast the life support functions of ecosystems is absolutely critical to our capacity to make informed decisions that will maintain the sustainable nature of our environment and secure these resources into the future. This study presents an integrated approach to identify areas with potential water quality problems as a result of land cover change projected by stakeholders within a moderately large river basin in the Pacific Northwest (USA). A process-based hydrologic watershed model was used to examine the contribution of land use/land cover to sediment yield, and nitrate and phosphorus loadings, and identify subwatersheds within the Willamette River Basin that would be most affected in the year 2050 relative to three possible future scenarios, which include inherent differences related to conservation, existing planning trends, and open development. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of alternative future scenarios that describe varying degrees of urban development and human use on hydrological response related to water quality. Results of this study suggest that the amount of forest along streams and agriculture consistently explained a high percentage of variation in nutrients. The AGWA-SWAT model was used to simulate change in sediment yield, nitrate and phosphorus transported with surface runoff for the three future scenarios. With regard to nitrate, the greatest increase was associated with subwatersheds with agricultural land use and urban areas. Although the model predicted some improvement in basin headwaters for all scenarios, nitrate loadings are expected to decrease under the conservation scenario. The largest decrease was observed in the Coast Range. With regard to phosphorus loadings, the greatest reduction was observed in subwatersheds draining predominantly forest areas. The greatest increase was observed under the open development scenario in subwatersheds with agricultural land use. Urbanization and agriculture are presumed to be the major environmental stressors affecting watershed condition of the Willamette River Basin. C1 [Hernandez, Mariano; Goodrich, David C.] ARS, USDA, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Kepner, William G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Semmens, Darius J.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hernandez, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM mariano.hernandez@ars.usda.gov RI Zhang, Jianming/A-2994-2011 OI Zhang, Jianming/0000-0001-7053-7696 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1879-8268 BN 978-1-60750-579-2; 978-1-60750-578-5 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SEC PY 2010 VL 69 BP 97 EP 111 DI 10.3233/978-1-60750-579-2-97 PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA BC1NG UT WOS:000350279800008 ER PT J AU Zhao, DL Reddy, KR Kakani, VG Read, JJ AF Zhao, Duli Reddy, K. Raja Kakani, V. Gopal Read, John J. TI Remote-sensing algorithms for estimating nitrogen uptake and nitrogen-use efficiency in cotton SO ACTA AGRICULTURAE SCANDINAVICA SECTION B-SOIL AND PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Biomass; canopy reflectance; leaf photosynthesis; lint yield; nitrogen partitioning ID LEAF NITROGEN; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DRY-MATTER; REFLECTANCE; GROWTH; CHLOROPHYLL; YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; IRRIGATION; VARIETIES AB Nitrogen management is a major concern in high-yielding cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)-production systems. Objectives of this study were to investigate cotton leaf photosynthesis, plant growth, canopy spectral reflectance, and lint-yield responses to N application rate and to determine plant N uptake, partitioning, and use efficiency in Mississippi Delta, USA. Treatments included four N rates of 0, 56, 112, and 168 kg N ha-1. Increased N rate significantly affected cotton leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf area index, N concentrations of leaves and fruit, plant N uptake, and N-use efficiency, but had less effect on N partitioning among the plant tissues. Lint-yield response to N rate depended on soil N level and experimental year. Cotton plant shoot N concentration and N uptake significantly and linearly correlated with the selected ratios (R 715/R 405, r 2=0.65*** and R 795/R 755, r 2=0.70***, respectively) of canopy reflectance measured during the squaring and fruiting of plant development. Proper management of N application in cotton based on soil N analysis and plant N status could improve cotton N-use efficiency and lint yield. Remote-sensing algorithms, developed from canopy reflectance ratios in this study, may be used to estimate N concentration in cotton shoots and plant N uptake and help producers make cotton N-management decisions during the growing season. C1 [Zhao, Duli] ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Reddy, K. Raja] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Kakani, V. Gopal] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Read, John J.] ARS, USDA, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Zhao, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM duli.zhao@ars.usda.gov RI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/J-4214-2013; OI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/0000-0002-7925-4809; Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 FU National Aeronautical and Space Administration through the GeoResources Institute at Mississippi State University, MS; USDA-UV-B monitoring Program at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO FX This research was funded in part by the National Aeronautical and Space Administration through the GeoResources Institute at Mississippi State University, MS and USDA-UV-B monitoring Program at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. We express our appreciation to D. Brand (Senior Research Associate), K. Gourley (Biological Science Technician), A. R. Mohammed (Graduate Assistant) and Dr S. Koti for technical support and Drs Darrin Dodds, Frank Matta, and Jack McCarty for helpful suggestions. Contribution from the Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, paper no. J-11331. Mention of specific trade or product names does not imply endorsement or preferential treatment by the United States Department of Agriculture to the exclusion of any other product that may be suitable. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0906-4710 J9 ACTA AGR SCAND B-S P JI Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. B-Soil Plant Sci. PY 2010 VL 60 IS 6 BP 500 EP 509 AR PII 926746082 DI 10.1080/09064710903233854 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 664OV UT WOS:000282972600003 ER PT J AU Loeb, SC Britzke, ER AF Loeb, Susan C. Britzke, Eric R. TI Intra- and interspecific responses to Rafinesque's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) social calls SO ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE call playback; Corynorhinus rafinesquii; eavesdropping; echolocation; social calls ID SPEAR-NOSED BATS; INFORMATION-TRANSFER; ECHOLOCATION CALLS; ROOST SELECTION; PREY SELECTION; TEMPERATE ZONE; ACOUSTIC LURE; SENSORY BASIS; FOOD-HABITS; VESPERTILIONIDAE AB responses or understand the functions of these calls. We tested the response of Rafinesque's big-cared bats (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) to social calls as a possible method to increase capture success and to understand the function of social calls. We also tested if calls of bats within the range of the previously designated subspecies differed, if the responses of Rafinesque's big-eared bats varied with geographic origin of the calls, and if other species responded to the calls of C. rafinesquii. We recorded calls of Rafinesque's big-eared bats at two colony roost sites in South Carolina, USA. Calls were recorded while bats were in the roosts and as they exited. Playback sequences for each site were created by copying typical pulses into the playback file. Two mist nets were placed approximately 50-500 m from known roost sites; the net with the playback equipment served as the Experimental net and the one without the equipment served as the Control net. Call structures differed significantly between the Mountain and Coastal Plains populations with calls from the Mountains being of higher frequency and longer duration. Ten of 11 Rafinesque's big-eared bats were caught in the Control nets and, 13 of 19 bats of other species were captured at Experimental nets even though overall bat activity did not differ significantly between Control and Experimental nets. Our results suggest that Rafinesque's big-eared bats are not attracted to conspecifics' calls and that these calls may act as an intraspecific spacing mechanism during foraging. C1 [Loeb, Susan C.] Clemson Univ, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Dept Forestay & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Britzke, Eric R.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Loeb, SC (reprint author), Clemson Univ, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Dept Forestay & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM sloeb@fs.fed.us FU Bat Conservation International; USDA Forest Service-Southern Research Station; USDA Forest Service-Savannah River [DE-IA09-00SR22188] FX Funding for this project was provided by Bat Conservation International, the USDA Forest Service-Southern Research Station, and the USDA Forest Service-Savannah River (Interagency Agreement DE-IA09-00SR22188). We thank Congaree National Park for providing housing; Mary Bunch for logistical support; Paul and Bobby White for access to Ledyard Mine; Charles Dachelet, Adrienne DeBiase, Caitlin McCaw, Lindy Steadman, and Mark Yates for assistance in the field; and Mark Ford, Erin Gillam, Matina Kalcounis-Ruppell, Leigh Stuemke, Stan Zarnoch, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 21 PU MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY PAS-POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA WILCZA STREET 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1508-1109 EI 1733-5329 J9 ACTA CHIROPTEROL JI Acta Chiropt. PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 BP 329 EP 336 DI 10.3161/150811010X537909 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 700VM UT WOS:000285772400007 ER PT S AU Hausman, GJ Barb, CR AF Hausman, G. J. Barb, C. R. BE Levy-Marchal, C Penicaud, L TI Adipose Tissue and the Reproductive Axis: Biological Aspects SO ADIPOSE TISSUE DEVELOPMENT: FROM ANIMAL MODELS TO CLINICAL CONDITIONS SE Endocrine Development LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd ESPE Advanced Seminar in Development Endocrinology CY MAR 12-13, 2009 CL Paris, FRANCE ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; GRANULOSA-CELL STEROIDOGENESIS; BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-15; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; CILIARY NEUROTROPIC FACTOR; CENTRAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; RECEPTOR MESSENGER-RNA; OBESE GENE-PRODUCT; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE AB The discovery of leptin has clearly demonstrated a relationship between body fat and the neuroendocrine axis since leptin influences appetite and the reproductive axis. Since adipose tissue is a primary source of leptin, adipose tissue is no longer considered as simply a depot to store fat. Recent findings demonstrate that numerous other genes, i.e. neuropeptides, interleukins and other cytokines and biologically active substances such as leptin and insulin-like growth factors I and II, are also produced by adipose tissue, which could influence appetite and the reproductive axis. Targets of leptin in the hypothalamus include neuropeptide Y, proopiomelanocortin and kisspeptin. Transsynaptic connection of hypothalamic neurons to porcine adipose tissue may result in a direct influence of the hypothalamus on adipose tissue function. Nutritional signals such as leptin are detected by the central nervous system and translated by the neuroendocrine system into signals which ultimately regulates luteinizing hormone secretion. Furthermore, leptin directly affects gonadotropin-releasing hormone release from the hypothalamus, luteinizing hormone from the pituitary gland and ovarian follicular steroidogenesis. Although leptin is identified as a putative signal that links metabolic status and neuroendocrine control of reproduction, other adipocyte protein products may play key roles in regulating the reproductive axis in the pig. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Hausman, G. J.; Barb, C. R.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Hausman, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM gary.hausman@ars.usda.gov NR 78 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 4 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1421-7082 BN 978-3-8055-9450-9 J9 ENDOCRIN DEV PY 2010 VL 19 BP 31 EP 44 PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA BQS78 UT WOS:000281752000003 PM 20551666 ER PT S AU Guthrie, HD Welch, GR AF Guthrie, H. David Welch, Glenn R. BE Armstrong, D TI Using Fluorescence-Activated Flow Cytometry to Determine Reactive Oxygen Species Formation and Membrane Lipid Peroxidation in Viable Boar Spermatozoa SO ADVANCED PROTOCOLS IN OXIDATIVE STRESS II SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE C11-BODIPY581/591; Lipid peroxidation; Hydroethidine; Flow cytometry; Motility ID LIQUID STORAGE; SEMEN; CELLS; C-11-BODIPY581/591; SUPEROXIDE; FERTILITY; OXIDATION; PRODUCT; ACID AB Fluorescence-activated flow cytometry analyses were developed for determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and membrane lipid peroxidation in live spermatozoa loaded with, respectively, hydroethidine (HE) or the lipophilic probe 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-undecanoic acid, C11BODIPY581/591 (BODIPY). ROS was detected by red fluorescence emission from oxidization of HE and membrane lipid peroxidation was detected by green fluorescence emission from oxidation of BODIPY in individual live sperm. Of the reactive oxygen species generators tested, BODIPY oxidation was specific for FcSo4/ascorbate (FeAc), because menadione and H2O2 had little or no effect. The oxidization of hydroethidine to ethidium was specific for menadione and H2O2; FeAc had no effect. The incidence of basal or spontaneous ROS formation and membrane lipid peroxidation were low in boar sperm (<1'% of live sperm) in fresh semen or after low temperature storage; however the sperm were quite susceptible to treatment-induced ROS formation and membrane lipid peroxidation. C1 [Guthrie, H. David; Welch, Glenn R.] ARS, USDA, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Guthrie, HD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-60761-410-4 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2010 VL 594 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1007/978-1-60761-411-1_12 D2 10.1007/978-1-60761-411-1 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA BNM26 UT WOS:000274938200012 PM 20072917 ER PT S AU Delgado, JA Gross, CM Lal, H Cover, H Gagliardi, P McKinney, SP Hesketh, E Shaffer, MJ AF Delgado, J. A. Gross, C. M. Lal, H. Cover, H. Gagliardi, P. McKinney, S. P. Hesketh, E. Shaffer, M. J. BE Sparks, DL TI A NEW GIS NITROGEN TRADING TOOL CONCEPT FOR CONSERVATION AND REDUCTION OF REACTIVE NITROGEN LOSSES TO THE ENVIRONMENT SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 105 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID WINTER COVER CROPS; CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZERS; PETIOLE SAP NITRATE; IRRIGATED LEAF LETTUCE; SOIL LOSS EQUATION; USE EFFICIENCY; WATER-QUALITY; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; CHLOROPHYLL METER; NITRIFICATION INHIBITORS AB Nitrogen (N) inputs to agricultural systems are important for their sustainability. However, when N inputs are unnecessarily high, the excess can contribute to greater agricultural N losses that impact air, surface water, and groundwater quality. It is paramount to reduce off-site transport of N by using sound management practices. These practices could potentially be integrated with water and air quality markets, and new tools will be necessary to calculate potential nitrogen savings available for trade. The USDA-NRCS and USDA-ARS Soil Plant Nutrient Research Unit developed a web-based and stand-alone Nitrogen Trading Tool (NTT) prototype. These prototypes have an easy-to-use interface where nitrogen management practices are selected for a given state and the NTT calculates the nitrogen trading potential compared to a given baseline. The stand-alone prototype can also be used to calculate potential savings in direct and indirect carbon sequestration equivalents from practices that reduce N losses. These tools are powerful, versatile, and can run with the USA soil databases from NRCS (SSURGO) and NRCS climate databases. The NTT uses the NLEAP model, which is accurate at the field level and has GIS capabilities. Results indicate that the NTT was able to evaluate management practices for Ohio, Colorado, and Virginia, and that it could be used to quickly conduct assessments of nitrogen savings that can potentially be traded for direct and indirect carbon sequestration equivalents in national and international water and air quality markets. These prototypes could facilitate determining ideal areas to implement management practices that will mitigate N losses in hot spots and provide benefits in trading. C1 [Delgado, J. A.; Gagliardi, P.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Gross, C. M.] USDA NRCS, WNTSC, Beltsville, MD USA. [Lal, H.; McKinney, S. P.] USDA NRCS, WNTSC, Portland, OR USA. [Cover, H.] Vistronix Inc, Portland, OR USA. [Hesketh, E.] USDA NRCS, WNTSC, Amherst, MA USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 211 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-381023-6 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2010 VL 105 BP 117 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(10)05004-2 PG 55 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BNM35 UT WOS:000274945200004 ER PT S AU Chuck, G AF Chuck, George BE Kader, JC Delseny, M TI Molecular Mechanisms of Sex Determination in Monoecious and Dioecious Plants SO ADVANCES IN BOTANICAL RESEARCH, VOL 54 SE Advances in Botanical Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID MAIZE FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; MERISTEM CELL FATE; CUCUMBER PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RNA-POLYMERASE; ZEA-MAYS; HERITABLE CHARACTERS; APETALA2-LIKE GENE; UNISEXUAL FLOWERS; PISTIL ABORTION AB In order to enhance outcrossing, plants have evolved a variety of different mechanisms to promote sex determination, a process by which flowers become male or female. Sex determination has evolved multiple times independently, and thus there is no single sex determination mechanism or gene. There is, however, a common set of pathways involving plant hormones that has been uncovered through the cloning of sex determination genes from both monocots and dicots. Why these pathways were selected for presents an interesting puzzle that links hormone signalling to multiple developmental pathways including those involving floral homeotic genes as well as small RNAs. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Chuck, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM georgechuck@berkeley.edu NR 103 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 39 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0065-2296 BN 978-0-12-380870-7 J9 ADV BOT RES JI Adv. Bot. Res. PY 2010 VL 54 BP 53 EP 83 DI 10.1016/S0065-2296(10)54002-3 PG 31 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BQK35 UT WOS:000281202800002 ER PT J AU Martinez, FS Pachepsky, YA Rawls, WJ AF San Jose Martinez, F. Pachepsky, Y. A. Rawls, W. J. TI Modelling solute transport in soil columns using advective-dispersive equations with fractional spatial derivatives SO ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Fractional derivatives; Fractional advective-dispersive equation; Solute transport; Porous media; Soil columns experiments ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE APPROXIMATIONS; TIME RANDOM-WALKS; POROUS-MEDIA; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; FLOW; MOVEMENT; CORES AB Solute transport in soils is commonly simulated with the advective-dispersive equation, or ADE. It has been reported that this model cannot take into account several important features of solute movement through soil. Recently, a new model has been suggested that results in a solute transport equation with fractional spatial derivatives, or FADE. We have assembled a database on published solute transport experiments in soil columns to test the new model. The FADE appears to be a useful generalization of the ADE. The order of the fractional differentiation reflects differences in physical conditions of the solute transport in soil. (C) 2009 Civil-Comp Ltd. and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [San Jose Martinez, F.] Tech Univ Madrid UPM, Madrid, Spain. [Pachepsky, Y. A.; Rawls, W. J.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Martinez, FS (reprint author), Tech Univ Madrid UPM, Madrid, Spain. EM fernando.sanjose@upm.es RI San Jose Martinez, Fernando/H-9119-2015; OI San Jose Martinez, Fernando/0000-0002-6352-2530; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 FU Secretaria de Estado de Universidades e Investigacion (Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain); Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica; Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica; DGUI (Comunidad de Madrid); UPM (Universidad Politecnica de Madrid) FX Fernando San Jose Martinez was supported in part by a grant of Secretaria de Estado de Universidades e Investigacion (Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain), the Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (I+D+I) under Ref. AGL2007-62648 Spain and DGUI (Comunidad de Madrid) and UPM (Universidad Politecnica de Madrid) under Ref. M 0700204135. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0965-9978 EI 1873-5339 J9 ADV ENG SOFTW JI Adv. Eng. Softw. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 41 IS 1 BP 4 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2008.12.015 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 526PV UT WOS:000272305200002 ER PT S AU Berry, ED Wells, JE AF Berry, Elaine D. Wells, James E. BE Taylor, SL TI Escherichia coli O157:H7: Recent Advances in Research on Occurrence, Transmission, and Control in Cattle and the Production Environment SO ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH, VOL 60 SE Advances in Food and Nutrition Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIRECT-FED MICROBIALS; BEEF PROCESSING PLANTS; III SECRETED PROTEINS; EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED SHEEP; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM DT104; BATCH CULTURE FERMENTATIONS; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; DRIED DISTILLERS GRAINS; DIRECT PLATING METHODS; LONG-TERM SURVIVAL AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a zoonotic pathogen that is an important cause of human foodborne and waterborne disease, with a spectrum of illnesses ranging from asymptomatic carriage and diarrhea to the sometimes fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome. Outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7 disease are often associated with undercooked beef, but there are other sources of transmission, including water, produce, and animal contact, which can often be linked directly or indirectly to cattle. Thus, preharvest control of this pathogen in cattle production should have a large impact on reducing the risk of human foodborne illness. In this review, we will summarize preharvest research on E. coli O157:H7 in cattle and the production environment, focusing on factors that may influence the transmission, prevalence, and levels of this pathogen, such as season, diet, high-level shedders, and animal stress. In addition, we will discuss recent research on the reduction of this pathogen in cattle production, including vaccination, probiotics, bacteriophage, and manure treatments. C1 [Berry, Elaine D.; Wells, James E.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Berry, ED (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. EM elaine.berry@ars.usda.gov NR 287 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1043-4526 BN 978-0-12-380945-2 J9 ADV FOOD NUTR RES JI Adv. Food Nutr. Res. PY 2010 VL 60 BP 67 EP 117 DI 10.1016/S1043-4526(10)60004-6 PG 51 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BCN51 UT WOS:000310775700004 PM 20691954 ER PT B AU Berlanga-Reyes, C Campos-Canas, M Carvajal-Millan, E Santana-Rodriguez, V Hicks, KB AF Berlanga-Reyes, Claudia Campos-Canas, Martha Carvajal-Millan, Elizabeth Santana-Rodriguez, Victor Hicks, Kevin B. BE Haghi, AK TI ENCAPSULATION OF AMYLOGLUCOSIDASE AND PROTEASE USING MAIZE BRAN FERULATED ARABINOXYLAN SO ADVANCES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Food Science and Technology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; ALGINATE MICROSPHERES; CONTROLLED-RELEASE; GELS; DELIVERY; INSULIN; ENZYMES; LACCASE; NANOPARTICLES; STABILITY AB Maize bran is a by-product of the commercial maize dry milling process. Because of the increase in maize white flour production for tortilla industry in Mexico, maize bran residue is becoming into a potential source of added-value biomolecules as hydrocolloids for the food industry. Maize bran contains arabinoxylans (MBAX), which can be extracted under alkaline mild conditions. Arabinoxylans are non-digestibles polysaccharides which escape digestion in upper gastrointestinal tract. They are constituted of a linear backbone of xylose units to which arabinose substituents are attached, some ferulic acid esterifies arabinose. Ferulated arabinoxylans can form three-dimensional covalent gels by oxidative coupling of ferulic acid by laccase/O(2) or peroxidase/H(2)O(2) system, resulting in the formation of dimers and a trimer of ferulic acid as covalent cross-linking structures. Arabinoxylan gels are stable upon heating and exhibit no syneresis after long time storage. Due to their hydrophilic properties and their mild cross-linking conditions, arabinoxylan gels are receiving increasing attention as colloidal carriers. In this chapter, maize bran ferulated arabinoxylans were used as a natural biodegradable polymer for the first time as an encapsulation agent to entrap protease and amyloglucosidase for their potential application in the food industry. The laccase induced gels of MBAX at 3% (w/v) entrappingprotease or amyloglucosidase at 1.0% (w/v)were investigated by rheological measurements. These enzymesdid not modify the gel elasticity (G') (11 Pa) and the MBAX cross-linking process did not affect protease or amyloglucosidase enzymatic activity, which were only entrapped in a mixed MBAX-enzyme gel. The enzyme release capability of the gel was also investigated. The rate of enzyme release from gels was dependent on the enzyme molecular weight. The apparent diffusion coefficient (Dm) were 2.9 x 10(-7) and 1.6 x 10(-7) cm(2)/s for protease (27 kDa) and amyloglucosidase (97 kDa), respectively. Protease and amyloglucosidasereleased from MBAX gels registered 92 and 95 %, of their enzymatic activity before entrapment, respectively. The results suggest that MBAX gels can be potential delivery systems for the entrapment and controlled release of enzymes with no significant loss of enzyme activity. C1 [Berlanga-Reyes, Claudia; Carvajal-Millan, Elizabeth] CIAD, AC, CTAOA, Lab Biopolymers,Res Ctr Food & Dev, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. [Campos-Canas, Martha; Santana-Rodriguez, Victor] Autonomous Univ Chihuahua, Fac Chem, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico. CIAD, AC, CTAOV, Res Ctr Food & Dev, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. [Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Carvajal-Millan, E (reprint author), CIAD, AC, CTAOA, Lab Biopolymers,Res Ctr Food & Dev, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. EM ecarvajal@ciad.mx RI Carvajal-Millan, Elizabeth/D-4230-2013 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-61668-415-0 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL PY 2010 BP 201 EP 212 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BTG00 UT WOS:000286869500009 ER PT B AU Liu, ZL Ma, M Cotta, MA AF Liu, Z. Lewis Ma, Menggen Cotta, Michael A. BE Bernhardt, LV TI Reprogrammed Glucose Metabolic Pathways of Inhibitor-Tolerant Yeast SO ADVANCES IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY, VOL 9 SE Advances in Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EXTERNAL RNA CONTROLS; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS CONVERSION; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; GENOMIC ADAPTATION; FURFURYL ALCOHOL; GENE-EXPRESSION; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS AB Representative inhibitory compounds such as furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural generated from lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment inhibit yeast growth and interfere with the subsequent ethanol fermentation. Evolutionary engineering under laboratory settings is a powerful tool that can be used to generate valuable strains and knowledge for inverse metabolic engineering for strain improvement. An inhibitor-tolerant ethanologenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae developed via evolutionary engineering underwent a genomic adaptation with global integrations for acquired tolerant functions while producing ethanol. Gene expression data provide informative phenotypes and significant insight into molecular mechanisms of the tolerance in yeast. Unification of gene expression data analysis is urgently needed to efficiently utilize the massive amount of data resource from individual research efforts as well as for the expression community in general. A rigorously tested and validated pathway-based real time qRT-PCR array assay applying robust mRNA reference and a master equation provide reliable means for reproducible and comparable expression data analysis. Advances in enhanced expression technology has led to discoveries of new gene functions and interactions to form hypothesis and construct reprogrammed pathways for the tolerant yeast in response to the inhibitor stress. Enriched genetic makeup, continued enhanced expression of genes in maintaining energy and redox balance, and the reprogrammed glucose metabolic pathways globally enable the yeast tolerance. Findings of recent research aid understanding of molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance and guide metabolic engineering efforts for future robust strain development to support biofuels industry. C1 [Liu, Z. Lewis; Ma, Menggen; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Liu, ZL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM ZLewis.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-61728-026-9 J9 ADV MED BIOL PY 2010 VL 9 BP 159 EP 185 PG 27 WC Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BTH68 UT WOS:000286947400007 ER PT J AU Hagen, LJ van Pelt, S Sharratt, B AF Hagen, L. J. van Pelt, S. Sharratt, B. TI Estimating the saltation and suspension components from field wind erosion SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Wind erosion; Dust; Saltation ID VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; DUST STORMS; SOIL; PARTICLES; MODEL; LAKE; FLUXES AB Improving wind erosion prediction and control requires correct estimates of the suspended dust (ss) and saltation (sn) components from field erosion events. The objectives of this study were to (a) develop an improved methodology (HPS) to estimate the fractions of sn and ss in the sediment discharge, and (b) compare HPS predictions to those of LM (Leys and McTainsh, 1996) and CN (Chepil and Woodruff, 1978; Nickling, 1978) that included or FS (Fryrear and Saleh, 1993) that excluded size measurements of the trapped sediment. Sediment flux profiles from nine field studies in four states were used in the data analyses. The log form of the ss flux profile developed in the LM method for dispersed particles had poor data fit to profiles of aggregated particles. The FS, HPS, and CN methods predicted significantly different ratios of ss discharge to total discharge in the order FS < HPS < CN. The widely-used power form of the ss flux profile in the CN method provided a good data fit above 0.1 m, but over estimated ss flux near the surface. The FS method over estimated sn and under estimated ss components. The HPS method obtained good fits to the data, even when profile gradients were large. Thus, using the sieved sediment catch from passive sediment catchers coupled with HPS analysis methodology offered significant improvements in the accuracy of estimates of sn and ss discharge. On short fields, the fraction of ss discharge was related to soil texture. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hagen, L. J.] USDA ARS, GMPRC, Wind Eros Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [van Pelt, S.] USDA ARS, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. [Sharratt, B.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hagen, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, Wind Eros Lab, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM hagen@weru.ksu.edu; scott.vanpelt@ars.usda.gov; brenton.sharratt@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 1 IS 3-4 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2009.08.002 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA 851AL UT WOS:000297240600006 ER PT J AU Lee, T Sullivan, AP Mack, L Jimenez, JL Kreidenweis, SM Onasch, TB Worsnop, DR Malm, W Wold, CE Hao, WM Collett, JL AF Lee, Taehyoung Sullivan, Amy P. Mack, Laura Jimenez, Jose L. Kreidenweis, Sonia M. Onasch, Timothy B. Worsnop, Douglas R. Malm, William Wold, Cyle E. Hao, Wei Min Collett, Jeffrey L., Jr. TI Chemical Smoke Marker Emissions During Flaming and Smoldering Phases of Laboratory Open Burning of Wildland Fuels SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; COMBUSTION; BIOMASS; TRACERS; AMBIENT C1 [Lee, Taehyoung; Sullivan, Amy P.; Mack, Laura; Kreidenweis, Sonia M.; Collett, Jeffrey L., Jr.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Onasch, Timothy B.; Worsnop, Douglas R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Malm, William] CSU, Natl Pk Serv CIRA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Wold, Cyle E.; Hao, Wei Min] USDA FS, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. RP Collett, JL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Atmospher Sci Dept 1371, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM collett@atmos.colostate.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914 FU NPS [CA2380-99001 TO0356]; JFSP [05-3-1-06]; NSF [ATM-0521643, ATM-0449815]; USEPA [R833747] FX This work was funded by NPS (CA2380-99001 TO0356), JFSP (05-3-1-06), NSF (ATM-0521643, ATM-0449815), and USEPA (R833747). NR 25 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 9 BP I EP V DI 10.1080/02786826.2010.499884 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 668VT UT WOS:000283300900001 ER PT J AU Cho, J Mostaghimi, S Kang, MS AF Cho, J. Mostaghimi, S. Kang, M. S. TI Development and application of a modeling approach for surface water and groundwater interaction SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Water resources; Non-point source pollution; Best management practices; DANSAT; MODFLOW ID FLOW COMPUTER-MODEL; TABLE MANAGEMENT; SIMULATION; DANSAT; SCALE; BASIN; PESTICIDES; LINKFLOW; BROMIDE; KANSAS AB Investigation of the interaction of surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) is critical in order to determine the effects of best management practices (BMPs) on the entire system of water resources. The objective of this research was to develop a modeling system for considering SW-GW interactions and to demonstrate the applicability of the developed system. A linked modeling approach was selected to consider SW-GW interaction. The dual-simulation scheme was developed to consider different time scales between a newly developed surface model: Dynamic Agricultural Non-point Source Assessment Tool (DANSAT), and existing groundwater models; a three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater flow model (MODFLOW) and a modular three-dimensional transport model (MT3D). A distributed and physically based DANSAT predicts the movement of water and pesticides in runoff and in leachate at a watershed scale. MODFLOW and MT3D simulate groundwater and pesticide movement in the saturated zone. Only the hydrology component of the linked system was evaluated on the QN2 subwatershed in the Nomini Creek watershed located in the Coastal Plain of Virginia mainly due to lack of observed data for MT3D calibration. The same spatial scale was used for both surface and groundwater models while different time scales were used because surface runoff occurs more quickly than groundwater flow. DANSAT and MODFLOW were separately calibrated using the integrated GW approach which uses own lumped baseflow components in DANSAT, and using the steady-state mode in MODFLOW, respectively. Then the linked system was applied to QN2 based on the parameters selected for DANSAT and MODFLOW to simulate time-dependent interactions on the entire system. The linked approach was better than the integrated approach for predicting the temporal trends of monthly runoff by improving the monthly Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index from 0.53 to 0.60. The proposed linked approach will be useful for evaluating the impacts of agricultural BMPs on the entire SW-GW system by providing spatial distribution and temporal changes in groundwater table elevation and enhancing the reliability of calibrated parameter sets. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kang, M. S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Rural Syst Engn, Res Inst Agr & Life Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Cho, J.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Cho, J.; Mostaghimi, S.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Kang, MS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Rural Syst Engn, Res Inst Agr & Life Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM jaepil.cho@ars.usda.gov; smostagh@vt.edu; kms1225@empal.com NR 33 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 97 IS 1 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2009.08.018 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 519VM UT WOS:000271797100014 ER PT J AU Evett, SR Schwartz, RC AF Evett, Steven R. Schwartz, Robert C. TI Comments on "J. Vera et al., Soil water balance trial involving capacitance and neutron probe measurements" [Agric. Water Manage. 96 (2009) 905-911] SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Letter ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CALIBRATION; SENSORS; ACCURACY C1 [Evett, Steven R.; Schwartz, Robert C.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Evett, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10,2300 Expt Stn Rd, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM Steve.Evett@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 97 IS 1 BP 182 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2009.07.015 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 519VM UT WOS:000271797100021 ER PT J AU Seefeldt, SS Conn, JS Zhang, MC Kaspari, PN AF Seefeldt, Steven S. Conn, Jeffery S. Zhang, Mingchu Kaspari, Phil N. TI Vegetation changes in Conservation Reserve Program lands in interior Alaska SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Boreal forest; Diversity indices; Modified-Whittaker plots; Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination ID FIELDS; FLOODPLAIN; ABUNDANCE; STRIPS; AGE AB Over 14 million hectares of erosion prone cropland in the United States has been converted into grasslands through the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) administered by the United States Department of Agriculture, however, studies of the effects of CRP enrollment on plant communities and subsequent plant succession are largely lacking. In Delta junction, Alaska plant communities in CRP fields are transitioning from grasslands to shrub dominated plant communities. which are resulting in compliance problems with program regulations that state "fields must be maintained in a condition that permits easy conversion to cropland". To determine plant succession and how previous land management and soils might influence the transition, we measured plant populations in 20 CRP fields throughout Delta junction using modified-Whittaker plots. These data were combined with data on current Management practices, previous farming history, soils, soil properties, diversity indices, and time since land was cleared and analyzed with nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination to determine factors that influence plant succession. Time in the CRP was the only factor consistently influencing plant succession. As time in the CRP increased, the planted introduced grasses brome grass (Bromus inermis) and red fescue (Festuca rubra) and the native pteridophyte (Equisetum arvense) decreased, whereas a native grass (Calamigrostis canadensis), five native forb, two native shrub, and three native tree species increased. Plant diversity increased at a rate of more than 2 species per 1000 m(2) per year. Regression analyses of plant species and plant groups using time in the CRP as the dependent variable resulted in the identification of outlier CRP fields with significantly more or less than expected covers of vegetation. All fields with these outliers had reasonable explanations for the differences in cover that were unrelated to the overall rate of plant succession. Current management practices will result in incompliant fields and different management practices that result in woody vegetation control is key to maintaining CRP fields in compliance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Seefeldt, Steven S.; Conn, Jeffery S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Zhang, Mingchu] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Plant Anim & Soil Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kaspari, Phil N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Cooperat Extens Serv Delta Dist, Delta Junction, AK 99737 USA. RP Seefeldt, SS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Serv, Room 355,ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM Steven.Seefeldt@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 135 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2009.09.001 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 519MJ UT WOS:000271770400014 ER PT B AU Wang, D AF Wang, Dong BE Bundgaard, K Isaksen, L TI PESTICIDE MODELS FOR SIMULATING ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT OF SOIL FUMIGANTS SO AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY SE Agriculture Issues and Policies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID METHYL-BROMIDE VOLATILIZATION; BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT MODEL; METAM-SODIUM; OZONE DEPLETION; COVERED FIELD; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE VOLATILIZATION; SOILBORNE PATHOGENS; AIR CONCENTRATIONS; TRACE ORGANICS; EMISSIONS AB Process-based pesticide simulation models and computer programs have long been used to help determine the relative importance of different chemical, environmental, and management factors that affect the efficacy and environmental impact of pesticides. Soil fumigants are a special group of pesticides, and because of the high vapor pressure they are also volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Since the decision of phasing out methyl bromide in the early 1990s, considerable research has been carried out on documenting the environmental fate and transport of methyl bromide and its potential alternatives. The scope of this article is to review modeling activities related to soil fumigants after the early 1990s with a special focus on simulating fumigant emission fluxes. A general overview of fundamental physical and chemical principles for modeling the environmental fate and transport of soil fumigants is provided. The review covers primarily process-based numerical models and to lesser extent the empirical regression models or air dispersion models. Strengths and limitations of the different models are compared. Future needs in modeling soil fumigants are also discussed. C1 ARS Water Management Res, USDA, Parlier, CA USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), ARS Water Management Res, USDA, Parlier, CA USA. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60741-850-4 J9 AGR ISSUES POLICIES PY 2010 BP 211 EP 225 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BTE59 UT WOS:000286642600005 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Gaona, E Sanchez-Martinez, G Zhang, AJ Lozano-Gutierrez, J Carmona-Sosa, F AF Gonzalez-Gaona, Ernesto Sanchez-Martinez, Guillermo Zhang, Aijun Lozano-Gutierrez, Julio Carmona-Sosa, Felipe TI VALIDATION OF TWO PHEROMONAL COMPOUNDS FOR MONITORING PINK HIBISCUS MEALYBUG IN MEXICO SO AGROCIENCIA LA English DT Article DE Anona muricata; Enterolobium cyclocarpum; Maconellicoccus hirsutus; Mangifera indica; Tectona grandis; monitoring of exotic pests ID MACONELLICOCCUS-HIRSUTUS HEMIPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE; PSEUDOCOCCIDAE; GREEN AB In 2004 an infestation of pink hibiscus mealybug (Maconellicoccus hirsutus [Green]) was detected in Valle de Banderas, Nayarit and Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico, affecting fruit trees, native and ornamental plants. This insect pest is of Asian-Australian origin and has economic importance in several countries. The method most often used to detect M. hirsutus in new localities consists of the ocular inspection of the plants; however, with this method detection occurs when the infestation is very evident. An alternative method for this task can be the use of the male attracting pheromone of M. hirsutus, composed of esters of lavandulyl and maconellyl. In the present study an evaluation was made of the attraction effect of the pheromone of M. hirsutus in Valle de Banderas, in a teak (Tectona grandis L.) plantation, in a natural guanacaste stand (Enterolobium cyclocarpum [Jacq.] Griseb.), in a mango (Mangifera indica L. cv Ataulfo) and in a soursop orchard (Anona muricata L.). Furthermore, the pheromone was used to determine the geographic dispersal of the pest from the place where it was first detected. It was found that the mixture of lavandulyl and maconellyl in a 1:5 ratio significantly attracted males of M. hirsutus and was very specific. With the use of this pheromone it was possible to map the distribution of this species on a regional scale. C1 [Gonzalez-Gaona, Ernesto; Sanchez-Martinez, Guillermo] INIFAP, Pebellon De Arteaga, Aguascalientes, Mexico. [Zhang, Aijun] ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltesville, MD USA. [Lozano-Gutierrez, Julio; Carmona-Sosa, Felipe] Univ Autonoma Zacatecas, Unidad Acad Agron, Zacatecas, Mexico. RP Sanchez-Martinez, G (reprint author), INIFAP, 20660 Km 32-5 Carretera Aguascalientes Zacatecas, Pebellon De Arteaga, Aguascalientes, Mexico. EM eggaona@yahoo.com.mx; sanchezm.guillermo@inifap.gob.com NR 22 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS PI TEXCOCO PA PO BOX 199, TEXCOCO 56190, MEXICO SN 1405-3195 J9 AGROCIENCIA-MEXICO JI Agrociencia PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 555NL UT WOS:000274518700006 ER PT J AU Lombard, K O'Neill, M Mexal, J Ulery, A Onken, B Bettmann, G Heyduck, R AF Lombard, Kevin O'Neill, Mick Mexal, John Ulery, April Onken, Blake Bettmann, Greg Heyduck, Robert TI Can soil plant analysis development values predict chlorophyll and total Fe in hybrid poplar? SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Populus hybrids; Iron chlorosis; Biosolids; SPAD meter ID IRON CHLOROSIS; EXTRACTABLE CHLOROPHYLL; FOLIAR NITROGEN; SPAD-502 METER; LEAVES; DEFICIENCY; TREES; COTTONWOOD; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES AB Iron chlorosis caused by an elevated soil pH remains an important selection criteria in evaluating hybrid Populus trials in northwest New Mexico. Compared to expensive extraction methods or visual ranking scales, the soil plant analysis development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter is a handheld tool that objectively indicates leaf color. SPAD calibration curves pertaining to Fe status in Populus leaves were developed for two clones: NM-6 (Populus nigra x Populus maximowiczii) and OP-367 (Populus deltoides x Populus nigra). Hybrids were grown in the greenhouse in a sandy loam soil of pH > 8 and the same soil amended with composted biosolids enriched with 420 mg kg(-1) Fe. SPAD measurements related to foliar Fe as follows: r(2) = 0.72 for NM-6 and r(2) = 0.58 for OP-367. SPAD measurements correlated with total chlorophyll as follows: r(2) = 0.66 for NM-6 and r(2) = 0.85 for OP-367. Based on the total chlorophyll content (supported with foliar element data), Fe sufficiency threshold values from SPAD measurements were estimated in these two clones. C1 [Lombard, Kevin; O'Neill, Mick; Heyduck, Robert] New Mexico State Univ, Agr Sci Ctr Farmington, Farmington, NM 87499 USA. [Mexal, John; Ulery, April] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Onken, Blake] Lindsay Corp, Omaha, NE 68164 USA. [Bettmann, Greg] USDA NRCS, Alturas, CA 96101 USA. RP Lombard, K (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Agr Sci Ctr Farmington, POB 1018, Farmington, NM 87499 USA. EM klombard@nmsu.edu FU US Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory; Combustion Byproducts Recycling Consortium FX The authors would like to thank the US Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory and the Combustion Byproducts Recycling Consortium for partial funding of this study. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 78 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/s10457-009-9214-1 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 542GK UT WOS:000273480800001 ER PT J AU Khoshgoftarmanesh, AH Schulin, R Chaney, RL Daneshbakhsh, B Afyuni, M AF Khoshgoftarmanesh, Amir Hossein Schulin, Rainer Chaney, Rufus L. Daneshbakhsh, Bahareh Afyuni, Majid TI Micronutrient-efficient genotypes for crop yield and nutritional quality in sustainable agriculture. A review SO AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review DE micronutrients; nutrient efficiency; biofortification; stress-tolerance indicators ID DEFICIENT CALCAREOUS SOILS; NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY; LOWLAND RICE GENOTYPES; STAPLE FOOD CROPS; GRAIN-YIELD; ZINC EFFICIENCY; WHEAT CULTIVARS; VITAMIN-A; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ORGANIC-MATTER AB About 4 billion people will be added onto the present population by 2050. To meet further demand for food, agricultural production should increase on the existing land. Since the Green Revolution, higher crop production per unit area has resulted in greater depletion of soil phytoavailable micronutrients while less attention has been paid to micronutrients fertilization. Now, micronutrient deficiency has become a limiting factor for crop productivity in many agricultural lands worldwide. Furthermore, many food systems in developing countries can not provide sufficient micronutrient content to meet the demands of their citizens, especially low-income families. There are several solutions such as soil and foliar fertilization, crop systems, application of organic amendments to correct micronutrients deficiency and to increase their density in edible parts of plants. This review article presents (1) agronomic approaches to improve crop yield and micronutrient content of food crops, and (2) genotypic variation in uptake and accumulation of micronutrients. Considering ecological concerns, cultivation and breeding of micronutrient-efficient genotypes in combination with proper agronomic management practices appear as the most sustainable and cost-effective solution for alleviating food-chain micronutrient deficiency. Micronutrient-efficient genotypes could provide a number of benefits such as reductions in the use of fertilizers, improvements in seedling vigor, and resistance to abiotic and abiotic stresses. Using bioavailable micronutrient-dense staple crop cultivars can also be used to improve the micronutrient nutritional status of human. C1 [Khoshgoftarmanesh, Amir Hossein; Daneshbakhsh, Bahareh; Afyuni, Majid] Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Soil Sci, Esfahan 84154, Iran. [Schulin, Rainer] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Terr Ecol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Chaney, Rufus L.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Khoshgoftarmanesh, AH (reprint author), Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Soil Sci, Esfahan 84154, Iran. EM amirhkhosh@cc.iut.ac.ir NR 226 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 6 U2 63 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1774-0746 J9 AGRON SUSTAIN DEV JI Agron. Sustain. Dev. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 83 EP 107 DI 10.1051/agro/2009017 PG 25 WC Agronomy; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Agriculture; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 559DW UT WOS:000274802700008 ER PT J AU Cai, YF Xie, YF Liu, JG AF Cai, Yingfan Xie, Yongfang Liu, Jinggao TI Glandless seed and glanded plant research in cotton. A review SO AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review DE cotton; pigment gland; gossypol; inheritance and breeding; gene cloning and genetic engineering ID GOSSYPIUM-STURTIANUM WILLIS; DELTA-CADINENE SYNTHASE; HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; (+)-DELTA-CADINENE SYNTHASE; SESQUITERPENE CYCLASE; UPLAND COTTON; NEROLIDYL DIPHOSPHATE; FARNESYL DIPHOSPHATE; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; TERPENOID ALDEHYDES AB Recently the world has been entangled by insufficient food such as the lack of rice which threatens the safety of world food and affect sustainable development of the world economy, resulting in rising of food price. To address this issue, cotton appears as a possible source of both fiber and food. The research in recent years indeed showed bright prospects for this expectation. However, gossypol stored in the glands of cotton is toxic to nonruminant animals and humans, which wastes large amounts of cottonseed protein that could potentially provide the annual protein requirements for half a billion people. Gossypium species are characterized by their lysigenous glands containing terpenoid aldehydes, important secondary phytoalexins consisting mainly of gossypol, which constitute one of the important plant's defense system against pests and diseases. The best approach to address this issue is to create glandless seed and glanded plant cotton. A breakthrough in this field would realise the fulfilment of making cotton both a fiber and a food crop, which would be a feat of great magnitude for sustainable development of agriculture. Research on the relationship between glands and their secondary inclusions at the molecular level would be one approach for genetic engineering to control the glands and gossypol content. In this article, we review recent progress on glands and gossypol content for diverse gland types in Gossypium species, inheritance of glands and gossypol content, traditional breeding of glandless seeds and glanded plant cotton, the terpenoid aldehyde biosynthesis pathway, molecular cloning of the related genes, the strategy for genetic engineering, and future prospects. C1 [Cai, Yingfan; Xie, Yongfang] Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Coll Bioinformat, Chongqing 400065, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jinggao] So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Cai, YF (reprint author), Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Coll Bioinformat, Chongqing 400065, Peoples R China. EM caiyf3000@yahoo.com.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30771311, 30440032]; Natural Sciences Foundation of Chongqing of China [BB1328]; USDA and Congress of USA; Nan'an committee of Science and Technology FX This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30771311 and No. 30440032) and Natural Sciences Foundation of Chongqing cstc 2007 BB1328 of China and USDA and Congress of USA and Nan'an committee of Science and Technology of 2008 in Chongqing. NR 96 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 28 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1774-0746 J9 AGRON SUSTAIN DEV JI Agron. Sustain. Dev. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.1051/agro/2008024 PG 10 WC Agronomy; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Agriculture; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 559DW UT WOS:000274802700013 ER PT J AU Stevanato, P Zavalloni, C Marchetti, R Bertaggia, M Saccomani, M McGrath, JM Panella, LW Biancardi, E AF Stevanato, Piergiorgio Zavalloni, Costanza Marchetti, Rosa Bertaggia, Marco Saccomani, Massimo McGrath, J. Mitchell Panella, Leonard W. Biancardi, Enrico TI Relationship between Subsoil Nitrogen Availability and Sugarbeet Processing Quality SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ROOT SYSTEMS; SOIL NITRATE; YIELD; CROP AB The loss of sugar content and processing quality during the harvest period happens frequently in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris) grown in the Po Valley of Italy. The aim of this study was to assess the consequences on sugar content and quality of excess mineral N in the deep soil explored by the roots. Soil mineral N concentration and other chemical properties to a 3-m depth were correlated with sugar content and processing quality of sugarbeet in 27 sites sampled in 2000-2003. At each site, 12 soil samples with 0.25-m depth increments were collected and analyzed separately. Organic matter as high as 10% and mineral N as much as 100 mg kg(-1) frequently were found between 2 and 3 m, corresponding to the maximum depth of the sugarbeet root system. Significant negative relationships were observed between mineral N at the 2.5- to 3-m depth and sugar content (r = -0.63) and quality (r = -0.72). This study indicates both the utility of soil sampling to the depth reached by the roots, and the need of more complete analyses of mineral N, which should include not only nitrate N, but also ammonium N and organic matter. To reduce the losses of sugar content and quality, the presence of organic layers in the rooting zone should be avoided, or adequately considered in the fertilizer management of the crop. C1 [Stevanato, Piergiorgio; Saccomani, Massimo] Univ Padua, Dept Agr Biotechnol, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy. [Zavalloni, Costanza] Univ Udine, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Marchetti, Rosa] Expt Inst Crop Sci, CRA, I-44100 Modena, Italy. [McGrath, J. Mitchell] Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Panella, Leonard W.] USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Bertaggia, Marco; Biancardi, Enrico] Expt Inst Ind Crops, CRA, I-45100 Rovigo, Italy. RP Stevanato, P (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Viale Univ 16, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy. EM stevanato@unipd.it NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0041 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 545QE UT WOS:000273750500003 ER PT J AU Catangui, MA Beckendorf, EA Riedell, WE AF Catangui, Michael A. Beckendorf, Eric A. Riedell, Walter E. TI Reply to: Comment on "Soybean Aphid Population Dynamics, Soybean Yield Loss, and Development of Stage-Specific Economic Injury Levels" by M. A. Catangui, E. A. Beckendorf, and W. E. Riedell, Agron. J. 101:1080-1092 (2009) SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Letter ID NATIVE COCCINELLIDS; GLYCINES HOMOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NATURAL ENEMIES; NORTHERN CHINA; COLEOPTERA; PREDATORS; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH C1 [Catangui, Michael A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Beckendorf, Eric A.; Riedell, Walter E.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Catangui, MA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM walter.riedell@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1 BP 56 EP 58 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 545QE UT WOS:000273750500009 ER PT J AU Kitchen, NR Sudduth, KA Drummond, ST Scharf, PC Palm, HL Roberts, DF Vories, ED AF Kitchen, Newell R. Sudduth, Kenneth A. Drummond, Scott T. Scharf, Peter C. Palm, Harlan L. Roberts, Darrin F. Vories, Earl D. TI Ground-Based Canopy Reflectance Sensing for Variable-Rate Nitrogen Corn Fertilization SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL METER READINGS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; MANAGEMENT ZONES; CROP MANAGEMENT; YIELD RESPONSE; ACTIVE SENSOR; WINTER-WHEAT; INDEX; VEGETATION; ALGORITHM AB Nitrogen available to support corn (Zea mays L.) production can be highly variable within fields. Canopy reflectance sensing for assessing crop N health has been proposed as a technology to base side-dress variable-rate N application. Objectives of this research were to evaluate the use of active-light crop-canopy reflectance sensors for assessing corn N need, and derive the N fertilizer rate that would return the maximum profit relative to a single producer-selected N application rate. A total of 16 field-scale experiments were conducted over four seasons (2004-2007) in three major soil areas. Multiple blocks of randomized N rate response plots traversed the length of the field. Each block consisted of eight treatments from 0 to 235 kg N ha(-1) on 34 kg N ha(-1) increments, side-dressed between the V7-V11 vegetative growth stages. Canopy sensor measurements were obtained from these blocks and adjacent N-rich reference strips at the time of side-dressing. Within fields, the range of optimal N rate varied by >100 kg N ha(-1) in 13 of 16 fields. A sufficiency index (SI) calculated from the sensor readings correlated with optimal N rate, but only in 50% of the fields. As fertilizer cost increased relative to grain price, so did the value of using canopy sensors. While soil type, fertilizer cost, and corn price all affected our analysis, a modest ($25 to $50 ha(-1)) profit using canopy sensing was found. These results affirm that, for many fields, crop-canopy reflectance sensing has potential for improving N management over conventional single-rate applications. C1 [Kitchen, Newell R.; Sudduth, Kenneth A.; Drummond, Scott T.; Vories, Earl D.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Scharf, Peter C.; Palm, Harlan L.] Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Roberts, Darrin F.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Kitchen, NR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 243 Agr Eng Blg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KitchenN@missouri.edu NR 44 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1 BP 71 EP 84 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0114 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 545QE UT WOS:000273750500013 ER PT J AU Roberts, DF Kitchen, NR Scharf, PC Sudduth, KA AF Roberts, Darrin F. Kitchen, Newell R. Scharf, Peter C. Sudduth, Kenneth A. TI Will Variable-Rate Nitrogen Fertilization Using Corn Canopy Reflectance Sensing Deliver Environmental Benefits? SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE SENSOR; NITRATE; RECOMMENDATIONS; MANAGEMENT; YIELDS AB Within-field variability of corn (Zea mays L.) N need calls for development of precision fertilizer application strategies. One approach many are investigating is in-season canopy reflectance sensing. justification for this strategy partly rests with the premise it will improve N use and reduce N loss from fields. The objective of this study was to determine the potential environmental benefits using corn canopy reflectance sensing for N fertilization. On 16 field-scale sites, multiple blocks of randomized N rate plots (0-235 kg N ha(-1)) traversing fields were side-dressed between the V7 and V11 growth stages. Sensor measurements were obtained from these and adjacent N-rich reference strips at side-dressing. Environmental indicators were examined at the determined optimal nitrogen rate (N(optimal)) and the nitrogen rate the producer used (N(producer)). A partial nitrogen mass balance (PNB) on response blocks within fields highlighted how variable N(optimal) likely resulted in multiple and different N loss pathways. For many fields, N(optimal) was less than N(producer), and the observed trends were as expected: higher yield efficiency (YE), higher nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency (NFRE), lower unaccounted for N, and less postharvest inorganic N. For a measurement examining canopy sensor-based N applications, N savings of 10 to 50 kg N ha(-1) would be expected, but savings varied by reflectance readings, soil type, and fertilizer and grain prices. In some situations sensor-based N would be greater than N(producer). Given that sensor information can be processed into an N rate that approximates N(optimal), the results support sensor-based N applications have potential for environmental benefits. C1 [Kitchen, Newell R.; Sudduth, Kenneth A.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Roberts, Darrin F.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Scharf, Peter C.] Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Div, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kitchen, NR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KitchenN@missouri.edu RI Robertson, Simon/D-1549-2012 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0115 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 545QE UT WOS:000273750500014 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Tomecek, MB Gealy, DR AF Ziska, Lewis H. Tomecek, Martha B. Gealy, David R. TI Competitive Interactions between Cultivated and Red Rice as a Function of Recent and Projected Increases in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED CO2; ORYZA-SATIVA; C-4 WEED; CROP; INTERFERENCE; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEMS; GROWTH; PLANTS; MODEL AB Because wild lines of the same species often represent a weedy constraint to cultivated crops in the field, any differential response to atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, [CO(2)], may alter weed-crop competition and seed yield. We evaluated the growth and reproduction of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.; Clearfield, CL161) and red or weedy rice (Stuttgart, StgS) in monoculture, and at two competitive densities (8 and 16 plants m(-2)) using [CO(2)] that corresponded to the 1940s, current levels, and that projected for the middle for the current century (300, 400, and 500 mu mol mol(-1), respectively). Competition was determined using plant relative yield (PRY) for biomass and seed yield as a function of [CO(2)]. At maturity, PRY significantly increased for wild rice, but decreased for the cultivated line as a function of competitive density. Increases in [CO(2)] resulted in significant decreases in the PRY of seed yield at both competitive densities for CL161; while significant increases in seed yield and aboveground biomass were noted for StgS, but only at the higher competitive density. In addition, the relative increase in seed yield for CL161-StgS, determined at the same competitive density, increased as a function of [CO(2)] suggesting a greater amount of seed rain from the weedy rice. Overall, these are the first data to indicate that for rice, weedy lines may have been favored as a function of rising carbon dioxide, with greater relative impact on the seed yield and biomass of cultivated rice lines. C1 [Ziska, Lewis H.; Tomecek, Martha B.] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gealy, David R.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Bldg 1,Room 323 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM l.ziska@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1 BP 118 EP 123 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0205 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 545QE UT WOS:000273750500018 ER PT J AU Zheljazkov, VD Cantrell, CL Astatkie, T Ebelhar, MW AF Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. Cantrell, Charles L. Astatkie, Tess Ebelhar, M. Wayne TI Peppermint Productivity and Oil Composition as a Function of Nitrogen, Growth Stage, and Harvest Time SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID YIELD; MONOTERPENES; QUALITY AB The commercial production of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) is concentrated in more northern latitudes worldwide (north of the 41st parallel), including the United States. This 2-yr field study in Mississippi evaluated the effect of N (0, 80, and 160 kg/ha), growth stage (bud formation and flowering), and harvest time or cut (first cut in mid-July, second cut beginning of October) on peppermint yields, oil content, and composition. Biomass and oil yields were higher from the first cut than from the second. Overall, N increased biomass and oil yields. Contrary to literature reports that peppermint requires long days north of the 41st parallel to reach flowering, peppermint in Mississippi (at 34 degrees 43'22 '' N fat) did reach flowering. The average oil yields at bud formation and at flowering were 165 and 122 kg/ha, respectively, and were greater than the average peppermint essential oil yields for the United States in 2008. Generally, (-)-menthol concentration in the oil from the 2007 harvest was lower than in the oil from the 2008 harvest. The average (-)-menthol concentration in the oil from the fertilized plots harvested at flowering in 2008 was 43 to 46%, but (-)-menthol in the other treatments was below 37%. Our results suggest the first harvest in Mississippi should be delayed until the end of July to promote conversion of (-)-menthone to (-)-menthol. Peppermint could provide two harvests per growing season under the Mississippi climate, with oil yields and composition similar to those from other peppermint production regions. C1 [Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.] Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, Verona, MS 38879 USA. [Cantrell, Charles L.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Astatkie, Tess] Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Dept Engn, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. [Ebelhar, M. Wayne] Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zheljazkov, VD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, 5421 Highway 145 South, Verona, MS 38879 USA. EM vj40@pss.msstate.edu RI Astatkie, Tess/J-7231-2012 OI Astatkie, Tess/0000-0002-9779-8789 FU ARS [58-6402-4-026]; CRIS [MIS-172050] FX Approved for publication as journal Article No. J-11561 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. Authors thank Vasile Cerven, Thomas Horgan, and Marie Rogers for their help in the field and laboratory, and Amber Callahan for her help with quantitative analysis. This research was funded in part by ARS Specific Coop. Agreement 58-6402-4-026 with CRIS MIS-172050. Part of the 2007 data is from the MS Thesis of V. Cerven. We thank Dr. L. Kelly and Dr. C. Coker for critically reviewing the manuscript and suggesting improvements. Specific project: "Field Establishment of Medicinal Herbs and Potential for Commercial Production" awarded to Dr. Jeliazkov (Zheljazkov). NR 26 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1 BP 124 EP 128 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0256 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 545QE UT WOS:000273750500019 ER PT J AU Zheljazkov, VD Cantrell, CL Astatkie, T Ebelhar, MW AF Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. Cantrell, Charles L. Astatkie, Tess Ebelhar, M. Wayne TI Productivity, Oil Content, and Composition of Two Spearmint Species in Mississippi SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; MENTHA-SPICATA; CARVONE AB 'Scotch' (Mentha x gracilis Sole) and 'Native' (Mentha spicata L.) spearmints are grown in the northern United States, but have not been evaluated in the Southeast. Two-year field studies were conducted in Mississippi at two locations (Verona and Stoneville) to evaluate the effects of N application rate and cut (harvest time) on yields, essential oil contents, compositions, and the yield of individual oil constituents [(-)-carvone, (R)-(+)-limonene, and eucalyptol] in Scotch and Native spearmints. Application of N at 80 and 160 kg/ha increased herbage and oil yields in Scotch, suggesting that commercial Scotch plantations should be provided with 160 kg N/ha. Native spearmint provided similar herbage yields when fertilized with 80 or 160 kg N/ha, but the higher N rate increased oil Yields. The essential oil Yields in this stud), were higher than the average oil yields for spearmint grown in the United States during 2008. The essential oil composition of Scotch and Native spearmints grown in Mississippi were similar to the oil produced in other states and other regions in the world. At the Verona site, the average (-)-carvone concentration in the essential oil of Scotch was 68 to 7596, whereas the concentration of (-)-carvone in Native oil ranged from 59 to 62%. At Stoneville, the average H-carvone concentration in Scotch oil was 74%, whereas (-)-carvone in Native oil was 68 to 74%. Both Scotch and Native spearmints could be grown as essential oil crops in Mississippi and possibly in other areas of the southeastern United States. C1 [Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.] Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, Verona, MS 38879 USA. [Cantrell, Charles L.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Astatkie, Tess] Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Dept Engn, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. [Ebelhar, M. Wayne] Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zheljazkov, VD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, 5421 Highway 145 South, Verona, MS 38879 USA. EM vj40@pss.msstate.edu RI Astatkie, Tess/J-7231-2012 OI Astatkie, Tess/0000-0002-9779-8789 FU ARS [58-6402-4-026]; CRIS [MIS-172050] FX Approved for publication as journal Article No. J-11630 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. Authors thank Vasile Cerven, Thomas Horgan, Amber Callahan, and Marie Rogers for their great help in the field, laboratory, and with quantitative analysis. This research was funded in part by ARS Specific Coop. Agreement 58-6402-4-026 with CRIS MIS-172050. We thank Dr. Brian Baldwin, Dr. Crofton Sloan and Dr. Nurhayat Tabanca for critically reviewing the manuscript and suggesting improvements. Specific project: "Field Establishment of Medicinal Herbs and Potential for Commercial Production" awarded to Dr. Jeliazkov (Zheljazkov). NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1 BP 129 EP 133 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0258 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 545QE UT WOS:000273750500020 ER PT J AU Gesch, RW Archer, DW Forcella, F AF Gesch, R. W. Archer, D. W. Forcella, F. TI Rotational Effects of Cuphea on Corn, Spring Wheat, and Soybean SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SEED YIELD; WATER-USE; SOWING DATE; FATTY-ACIDS; BREAK-CROP; NITROGEN; BELT; SOIL; OIL AB Diversifying crop rotations can give economic and environmental benefits. Cuphea (Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. x C. lanceolata W.T. Aiton) is a new oilseed crop that grows well in the Corn Belt. However, little is known about its rotational effect on corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which are predominant crops in this region. A 4-yr study conducted in Minnesota evaluated the previous crop effects of all 2-yr rotational sequences of cuphea with corn, soybean, and wheat on crop yields and stands, soil water and N content, and production economics. Cuphea seed yield was unaffected by previous crop and yields of the other crops were unaffected by cuphea. Wheat stand was 17% greater and grain crude protein content 896 greater when following cuphea than following corn or soybean. This response was attributed to nitrate N remaining after cuphea harvest. Cuphea slightly negatively influenced soybean stands, but this was not reflected in yield. Cuphea production cost averaged $172 ha(-1) less than corn and $118 and $126 ha(-1) higher than soybean and wheat, respectively. While cuphea was not profitable at a price less than $1830 Mg(-1), it could provide rotational benefits, with net returns for corn and soybean following cuphea comparable to other non-monoculture sequences and higher than when grown continuously. However, the economic viability of including cuphea in rotation will be limited until the cuphea phase of the rotation can also be produced profitably. Cuphea agronomically fits in rotation with corn, soybean, or wheat, but may be best after soybean and before wheat or corn. C1 [Gesch, R. W.; Forcella, F.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Archer, D. W.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Gesch, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM russ.gesch@ars.usda.gov OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 FU Procter and Gamble FX The authors wish to thank Mr. Jim Eklund and Joe Boots for expert field assistance. We also Would like to acknowledge funding by Procter and Gamble for cuphea research. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0215 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 545QE UT WOS:000273750500022 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Fisher, DS AF Burns, J. C. Fisher, D. S. TI Eastern Gamagrass Management for Pasture in the Mid-Atlantic Region: I. Animal Performance and Pasture Productivity SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN RATES; STEER PERFORMANCE; GRAZING BEHAVIOR; DRY-MATTER; TIFTON 44; COASTAL; BERMUDAGRASS; GRASSES; YIELD; ALFALFA AB Eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] (EG) is a native, warm-season perennial grass with potential as pasture for the eastern United States, but its value has not been well studied. The objective of this 4-yr experiment was to estimate forage mass (FM) for EG that maximizes steer (Bos taurus) performance and pasture productivity. Five treatments (three continuously and two rotationally stocked) were compared with a continuously stocked 'Coastal' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pets.] control. The three continuously stocked treatments had mean FM (10-cm stubble) levels of 559 kg ha(-1) (Short), 1103 kg ha(-1) (Medium), and 1932 kg ha(-1) (Tall). Rotational treatments consisted of two subdivisions with steers moved on a 10 to 14 d interval (FM = 1348 kg ha(-1)) and 10 subdivisions with steers moved every 3 to 4 d with a 27 to 36 d regrowth interval (FM = 2061 kg ha(-1)). The average daily gain (ADG) from the Medium continuously stocked treatment was greatest at 0.90 kg (P = 0.02) and produced similar annual gain per hectare (735 vs. 749 kg ha(-1); P = 0.08) as Short. Rotational pastures had greater FM than continuously stocked (1705 vs. 1198 kg ha(-1); P = 0.03), but the least ADG (0.67 vs. 0.79 kg; P = < 0.01). Bermudagrass produced less ADG than EG (0-57 vs. 0.79 kg; P < 0.01), but gain per hectare was similar (662 kg ha(-1)) and stocking rate was greater (10.0 vs. 6.7 head ha(-1); P < 0.01). Eastern gamagrass has potential as a special purpose pasture for the region when greater ADG is the goal. C1 [Burns, J. C.] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fisher, D. S.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Joe.Burns@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0265 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 545QE UT WOS:000273750500025 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Fisher, DS AF Burns, J. C. Fisher, D. S. TI Eastern Gamagrass Management for Pasture in the Mid-Atlantic Region: II. Diet and Canopy Characteristics, and Stand Persistence SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GRAZING SETARIA-ANCEPS; PLANT STRUCTURE; COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS; TROPICAL PASTURES; BITE SIZE; BEHAVIOR; CATTLE; STEERS; SWARD; PERFORMANCE AB Eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] (EG), a native warm-season perennial grass, lacks evaluation for use in grazing systems. Our objective was to test EG in a 4-yr experiment to estimate forage mass (FM) that maximizes steer (Bos taurus) performance and pasture productivity. Pasture canopy characteristics, diet selection by grazing steers, and stand persistence from EG continuously grazed at Short, Medium, and Tall heights and two rotationally stocked treatments were compared with continuously stocked 'Coastal' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pets.] (BG). The EG had proportionally more green leaf (78.2 vs. 24.5%), less stem (4.4 vs. 45.2%), less heads (0.4 vs. 5.6%), and similar dead tissue (17.0 vs. 24.8%). Plant fractions were similar in proportion among EG treatments. Digestible leaf mass was greater in EG than in BG (P < 0.01; 713 vs. 292 kg ha(-1)) and dominated the EG canopies with a linear (P < 0.01) increase in leaf mass with increasing FM (194-922 kg ha(-1)). Diets were similar in IVTOD (738 g kg(-1)), CP (151 g kg(-1)), and NDF (654 g kg(-1)) when continuously stocked but greater (P < 0.01) in IVTOD (791 g kg(-1)), and least in NDF (624 g kg(-1)) from the rotation. Stand declined linearly (P = 0.09) with decreasing FM (Tall = 34.5 and Short = 11.7% basal cover) but was similar between the two rotational systems (35.5%). Continuously stocking EG at about 38 cm gave greatest steer daily gain but rotations may prevent declines in stands with some sacrifice in gains. C1 [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fisher, D. S.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Fisher, D. S.] N Carolina ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Joe.Burns@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0339 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 545QE UT WOS:000273750500026 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC AF Zhang, X. -C. TI Optimizing Stocking Rate for Maximum Return to a Wheat-Cattle Enterprise Using Model Simulation and Economics SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STATES SOUTHERN PLAINS; GRAZING SYSTEMS-MODEL; WINTER-WHEAT; GRAIN-YIELD; DUAL-PURPOSE; BEEF-PRODUCTION; PLANTING DATE; FORAGE YIELD; TEST WEIGHT; MANAGEMENT AB Managing dual-purpose wheat is complex because of the tradeoff relationship between cattle (Bos taurus) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Stocking rate (SR) and planting date are key decision variables of the dual systems. The objective was to develop decision support information that help farmers boost profits by adapting SR and planting date to particular production and market conditions. A wheat grazing model was used to simulate the systems for seven SR (0-3 head ha(-1)), five planting dates, three climate scenarios, and two initial soil moisture profiles. Net returns were estimated for three representative markets. Net returns under optimized management doubled those under the business-as-usual for the comparable planting dates, indicating great potentials to boost net returns with better management. Optimal SR depends on markets and forage availability. For market that overwhelmingly favors grain production, grain-only wheat should be used; whereas dual-purpose wheat is preferred under other market conditions. For wet soil at planting, maximum returns are attained in early September planting at high SR of > 2 head ha(-1) despite climates; however, the high optimal SR should be adjusted down with delayed planting in wet and average but maintained in dry climate for water conservation. For dry profile at planting, optimal management is dual-purpose wheat with SR of 3 in wet, grain-only wheat in average, and fallow in dry climate. Had wheat been established in severely dry years, moderate grazing at 0.5 to 1.5 SR could reduce net losses. Under most circumstances, grazing should not be allowed to pass first hollow stern to maximize returns. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK USA. EM john.zhang@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1 BP 197 EP 209 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0228 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 545QE UT WOS:000273750500028 ER PT J AU Tao, HY Morris, TF Bravo-Ureta, B Meinert, R Zanger, K Neafsey, J AF Tao, Haiying Morris, Thomas F. Bravo-Ureta, Boris Meinert, Richard Zanger, Kelly Neafsey, Joseph TI A Partial Budget Analysis for Phosphorus-Based Nutrient Management Plans for Connecticut Dairy Farms SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MANURE APPLICATION; LAND APPLICATION; UNITED-STATES; SOIL; STRATEGIES; NITROGEN; CORN; FERTILIZER; ECONOMICS; CROPLAND AB This study estimated changes in costs of manure handling, costs of the fertilizer replacement value of manure, and expected changes in net revenues associated with the implementation of manure nutrient management plans (NMPs) based on the agronomic critical concentration for P using a partial budget analysis. The net revenue from manure management practices traditionally used by farmers in a baseline year was compared with the expected net revenue from practices recommended in NMPs for four dairy farms over 4 or 5 yr in Connecticut. Yields were not measured across the 2862 field-years. Compared with the baseline year, the average annual estimated change in net revenue associated with manure applications based on the NMPs was a negative $2,900 for one large farm and a positive $17,600 for the other large farm, while the net revenue change was a positive $200 and $1,400 for the two medium-sized farms. In years after the baseline the average annual estimated change in net revenue for manure management practices for the NMPs compared with the practices reported by farmers was a negative $2,200 for one large farm and a positive $19,300 for the other large farm; the net revenue change was a positive $2,500 and $1,300 for the medium-sized farms. The net revenue changes from the NMPs were determined largely by the existing soil test P and K values. The complexity of implementing the NMPs made it difficult to obtain the expected net revenue changes. C1 [Tao, Haiying; Morris, Thomas F.] Univ Connecticut, Dep Plant Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Bravo-Ureta, Boris] Univ Connecticut, Dep Agr & Resource Econ, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Meinert, Richard] Univ Connecticut, Dep Extens, Torrington, CT 06790 USA. [Neafsey, Joseph] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Tolland, CT 06084 USA. RP Morris, TF (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dep Plant Sci, 1376 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM thomas.morris@uconn.edu FU Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection FX This work was partially funded by support from the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection's Section 319 nonpoint source program. We thank the associate editor and anonymous reviewers for many helpful comments. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0157 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 545QE UT WOS:000273750500031 ER PT J AU Tewolde, H Adeli, A Sistani, KR Rowe, DE Johnson, JR AF Tewolde, H. Adeli, A. Sistani, K. R. Rowe, D. E. Johnson, J. R. TI Equivalency of Broiler Litter to Ammonium Nitrate as a Cotton Fertilizer in an Upland Soil SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POULTRY LITTER; COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS; SOUTHEASTERN US; CHICKEN LITTER; PLANT-PARTS; LINT YIELD; NO-TILL; CORN; PHOSPHORUS; IMPACT AB Estimates of litter value based on crop yield equivalency to inorganic fertilization may reflect the actual value of litter more accurately than estimates based on its N, P, and K content. The primary objective of this research was to identify a rate of broiler litter that results in cotton lint yield equivalent to inorganic N fertilization and to estimate litter value based on this yield equivalency. The research was conducted in northern Mississippi in 2002 to 2004 in a Loring silt loam upland soil. Cotton was fertilized with six broiler litter rates ranging between 2.2 and 13.4 Mg ha(-1) or six NH(4)NO(3)-N rates ranging between 34 and 168 kg ha(-1) or was not fertilized. Lint yield calculated based on fitted models peaked at 1033 kg ha(-1) when cotton was fertilized with 94 kg ha(-1) NH(4)NO(3)-N, which is similar to the 90 kg N ha(-1) local recommendation. Lint yield of cotton fertilized with litter (8.7 Mg ha(-1)) peaked at 1156 kg ha(-1), which is a 123 kg ha(-1) lint yield increase over NH(4)NO(3)-N. The economic optimum NH(4)NO(3)-N rate was 72 kg ha(-1), which produced 88 kg ha(-1) less lint than the economic optimum litter rate of 5.2 Mg ha(-1). Fertilization with 3.7 Mg ha(-1) litter produced lint yield equivalent to the locally recommended 90 kg ha(-1) NH(4)NO(3)-N. The N fertilizer replacement value of litter calculated based on this equivalency exceeded the value calculated using the traditional method by approximate to 27%. These results overall show that fertilizing cotton in this soil with litter increased lint yield above that possible with conventional inorganic fertilization by 12% and that broiler litter is substantially more valuable than can be estimated from its N, P, and K contents. C1 [Tewolde, H.; Adeli, A.] USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Sistani, K. R.] USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Rowe, D. E.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Johnson, J. R.] Mississippi State Univ, Holly Springs, MS 38635 USA. RP Tewolde, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM haile.tewolde@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0244 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 545QE UT WOS:000273750500033 ER PT J AU Singer, JW Moore, KJ AF Singer, Jeremy W. Moore, Kenneth J. TI Living Mulch Nutritive Value in a Corn-Soybean-Forage Rotation SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PALATABILITY; QUALITY; GROWTH; YIELD; WEEDS AB Living mulches can function to supply forage in multifunctional cropping systems. Information quantifying nutritive value of forage plants in living mulch cropping systems is limited. The objective of this research was to quantify the nutritive value of forages from different plant functional groups managed as living mulches in 2 of 3 yr and as a forage crop in the third year of this 3-yr corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]-forage rotation. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lows corniculatus L.) were evaluated in sole seedings and binary mixtures, reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were included in three-way mixtures, and a nondormant alfalfa was seeded each spring for comparison as a control. Average crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) during 2005, 2006, and 2007 was 190 and 449 g kg(-1) for Kura + alfalfa + reed canarygrass compared with 182 and 458 g kg(-1) averaged across birdsfoot trefoil + alfalfa + orchardgrass and Kura + alfalfa + orchardgrass mixtures, 195 and 397 g kg(-1) averaged across alfalfa, Kura + alfalfa, and alfalfa + birdsfoot trefoil, and 193 and 404 g kg(-1) for the nondormant alfalfa treatment. Weed densities averaged 104, 178, and 116 weeds m(-2) in 2005, 2006, and 2007 among living mulch treatments compared with 14, 84, and 67 weeds m(-2) in the nondormant alfalfa. Despite high weed densities in the living mulch treatments, no specific treatment effect was detected for nutritive value. All of these living mulch treatments produced high nutritive value forage. C1 [Singer, Jeremy W.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Moore, Kenneth J.] Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Singer, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jeremy.singer@ars.usda.gov RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1 BP 282 EP 288 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0263 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 545QE UT WOS:000273750500037 ER PT S AU Odman, MT Hu, YT Mcrae, DS Goodrick, SL Liu, YQ Achtemeier, GL Naeher, LP AF Odman, M. Talat Hu, Yongtao McRae, D. Scott Goodrick, Scott L. Liu, Yongqiang Achtemeier, Gary L. Naeher, Luke P. BE Steyn, DG Rao, ST TI Predicting the Regional Air Quality Impacts of Prescribed Burns SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XX SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B-Physics and Biophysics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th NATO/SPS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Applications CY MAY 18-22, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP NATO, SPS DE Adaptive grid; sub-grid scales; coupled models; particulate matter AB Prescribed burning plumes are not sufficiently resolved in current modeling systems; therefore, their regional impacts cannot be accurately predicted. A modeling, system is being developed to better characterize the emissions from the burns and the dispersion and chemical transformation of the smoke plumes. Adaptive grids are used to increase the resolution of regional-scale models and a Lagrangian plume model is employed to model the sub-grid scale plume dynamics. Simulations of a prescribed burn conducted at Fort Benning, Georgia on 9 April 2008 show that the new system significantly improves the predictions of downwind pollutant levels over conventional modeling systems C1 [Odman, M. Talat; Hu, Yongtao] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [McRae, D. Scott] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Goodrick, Scott L.; Liu, Yongqiang; Achtemeier, Gary L.] USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Naeher, Luke P.] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Odman, MT (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM Talat.odman@ce.gatech.edu RI Odman, Mehmet/L-6218-2013; Hu, Yongtao/H-7543-2016 OI Odman, Mehmet/0000-0002-3947-7047; Hu, Yongtao/0000-0002-5161-0592 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-465X BN 978-90-481-3810-4 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SEC B PY 2010 BP 189 EP + PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BPY43 UT WOS:000280347800033 ER PT J AU Duke, SO AF Duke, Stephen O. TI Allelopathy: Current status of research and future of the discipline: A Commentary SO ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Allelochemical; allelopathy; benzoxazinones; m-tyrosine; momilactone B; sorgoleone ID BICOLOR ROOT HAIRS; ALLELOCHEMICAL SORGOLEONE; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; SORGHUM-BICOLOR; CENTAUREA-DIFFUSA; INVASION SUCCESS; PLANT; SOIL; (+/-)-CATECHIN; PHYTOTOXICITY AB The study of allelopathy as a discipline has a long and at times controversial history. Since Hans Molisch coined the term before World War II, allelopathy research has grown from a trickle of papers before 1970 to a burgeoning subdiscipline of chemical ecology represented by hundreds of papers each year. Yet, allelopathy research still suffers from a reputation for papers of poor scientific quality that equate the presence of a phytotoxic phytochemical as proof of an allelochemical function without regard for proving that the compound is bioavailable in soil at sufficient concentrations to affect vegetation either directly or indirectly through effects on soil microbes. Synergism has often been invoked without proof to explain why effects of crude extracts are. sometimes greater than even the additive effects of phytotoxins known to be in the extract. Much of this work may be correct, but to be widely accepted more rigorous proof is needed. Much of this literature also makes the assumption that allelochemicals must be highly water soluble, when there are good scientific reasons to hypothesize that the most effective allelochemicals would have very limited water solubility. Very little is known about the mode of action of and mechanisms of resistance to putative allelochemicals. Nevertheless, the quality and quantity of papers on allelopathy has increased steadily over the past several decades and knowledge gaps are being filled at an ever increasing pace. There can be little doubt that allelopathy plays an important role in plant/plant interactions in nature and in agriculture. Translating this growing knowledge to technology to manage weeds in agriculture has been slow. There is only one good case of discovery of an allelochemical (leptospermone) leading to the development of a major class of herbicides (triketones). There are examples of allelopathic cover crops being used for weed management in other crops, as well as other cultural methods to employ allelopathy. However to my knowledge, there are still no cultivars of crops being sold with allelopathic properties as a selling point. Enhancement or impartation of allelopathy in crops through the use of transgenes could eventually be used to produce such a cultivar. Some of the most high profile recent examples of research in our discipline will be discussed. The study of allelopathy appears to have a bright future, especially. if we can translate our research into technologies that will reduce our reliance on synthetic herbicides. C1 [Duke, Stephen O.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM Stephen.duke@ars.usda.gov NR 85 TC 35 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 67 PU ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL PI ROHTAK PA INTERNATIONAL ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION, 101, SECTOR 14, ROHTAK 124 001, HARYANA, INDIA SN 0971-4693 J9 ALLELOPATHY J JI Allelopathy J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 17 EP 29 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 549DN UT WOS:000274023400002 ER PT J AU Aronstein, K AF Aronstein, Katherine TI Detect Nosema Parasite in Time to Save Bee Colonies SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Aronstein, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 150 IS 1 BP 63 EP 65 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 539OV UT WOS:000273266100038 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, I AF Rosenberg, Irwin TI Getting folic acid nutrition right SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID FORTIFICATION; FOLATE C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rosenberg, I (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM irwin.rosenberg@tufts.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 91 IS 1 BP 3 EP 4 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28949 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 534SM UT WOS:000272917600002 PM 19955398 ER PT J AU Hazra, A Selhub, J Chao, WH Ueland, PM Hunter, DJ Baron, JA AF Hazra, Aditi Selhub, Jacob Chao, Wei-Hsun Ueland, Per Magne Hunter, David J. Baron, John A. TI Uracil misincorporation into DNA and folic acid supplementation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ADENOMATOUS COLONIC POLYPS; COLORECTAL ADENOMAS; FOLATE SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY-FOLATE; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; PROMOTER METHYLATION; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Background: Folate deficiency decreases thymidylate synthesis from deoxyuridylate, which results in an imbalance of deoxyribonucleotide that may lead to excessive uracil misincorporation (UrMis) into DNA during replication and repair. Objective: We evaluated the relation between UrMis in different tissues and the effect of folate supplementation on UrMis. Design: We analyzed UrMis concentrations in rectal mucosa (n = 92) and white blood cells (WBCs; n = 60) among individuals randomly assigned to receive supplementation with 1 mg folate/d or placebo, who were then evaluated for colorectal adenoma recurrence. Results: As expected, total homocysteine was significantly lower among the study participants who received active folate treatment (Wilcoxon's P = 0.003) than among those in the placebo group. The median UrMis concentration in rectal mucosa and WBCs among individuals treated with folate was not significantly lower than that in those who received placebo (Wilcoxon's P = 0.17). UrMis concentrations in both rectal mucosa and WBCs did not correlate significantly with folate measured in plasma and red blood cells. UrMis in rectal mucosa was marginally associated with an increased risk of adenoma recurrence (odds ratio per SD: 1.43; 95% CI: 0.91, 2.25). Conclusions: UrMis measurements in WBCs are not a robust surrogate for UrMis measurements in the rectal mucosa (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.23, P = 0.08). Furthermore, folate supplementation in an already replete population (half treated with folic acid supplements and all exposed to folic acid fortification of the food supply) was not significantly associated with reduced UrMis in rectal mucosa cells or WBCs. Large-scale studies are needed to evaluate whether excessive UrMis concentrations are an important risk factor for colorectal neoplasia. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials. gov as NCT00272324. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91: 160-5. C1 [Hazra, Aditi; Hunter, David J.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hazra, Aditi; Hunter, David J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Program Mol & Genet Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hazra, Aditi; Hunter, David J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Selhub, Jacob; Chao, Wei-Hsun] Tufts Univ, Vitamin Metab & Aging Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ueland, Per Magne] Univ Bergen, Inst Med, Pharmacol Sect, LOCUS Homocysteine & Related Vitamins, Bergen, Norway. [Ueland, Per Magne] Haukeland Hosp, N-5021 Bergen, Norway. [Baron, John A.] Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Med, Lebanon, NH USA. [Baron, John A.] Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Community & Family Med, Lebanon, NH USA. RP Hazra, A (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM ahazra@hsph.harvard.edu RI Ueland, Per/C-7340-2013 FU National Institutes of Health Research [U54 CA100971, T-32 CA 09001-30] FX Supported by the National Institutes of Health Research grant U54 CA100971. AH was supported in part by training grant NIH T-32 CA 09001-30. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 91 IS 1 BP 160 EP 165 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28527 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 534SM UT WOS:000272917600021 PM 19923375 ER PT J AU Cole, SA Butte, NF Voruganti, VS Cai, GW Haack, K Kent, JW Blangero, J Comuzzie, AG McPherson, JD Gibbs, RA AF Cole, Shelley A. Butte, Nancy F. Voruganti, V. Saroja Cai, Guowen Haack, Karin Kent, Jack W., Jr. Blangero, John Comuzzie, Anthony G. McPherson, John D. Gibbs, Richard A. TI Evidence that multiple genetic variants of MC4R play a functional role in the regulation of energy expenditure and appetite in Hispanic children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MELANOCORTIN-4 RECEPTOR GENE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; BODY-COMPOSITION; V1031 POLYMORPHISM; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; MEASURED GENOTYPE; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; MODEL SELECTION AB Background: Melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) haploinsufficiency is the most common form of monogenic obesity; however, the frequency of MC4R variants and their functional effects in general populations remain uncertain. Objective: The aim was to identify and characterize the effects of MC4R variants in Hispanic children. Design: MC4R was resequenced in 376 parents, and the identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 613 parents and 1016 children from the Viva la Familia cohort. Measured genotype analysis (MGA) tested associations between SNPs and phenotypes. Bayesian quantitative trait nucleotide (BQTN) analysis was used to infer the most likely functional polymorphisms influencing obesity-related traits. Results: Seven rare SNPs in coding and 18 SNPs in flanking regions of MC4R were identified. MGA showed suggestive associations between MC4R variants and body size, adiposity, glucose, insulin, leptin, ghrelin, energy expenditure, physical activity, and food intake. BQTN analysis identified SNP 1704 in a predicted micro-RNA target sequence in the downstream flanking region of MC4R as a strong, probable functional variant influencing total, sedentary, and moderate activities with posterior probabilities of 1.0. SNP 2132 was identified as a variant with a high probability (1.0) of exerting a functional effect on total energy expenditure and sleeping metabolic rate. SNP rs34114122 was selected as having likely functional effects on the appetite hormone ghrelin, with a posterior probability of 0.81. Conclusion: This comprehensive investigation provides strong evidence that MC4R genetic variants are likely to play a functional role in the regulation of weight, not only through energy intake but through energy expenditure. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91: 191-9. C1 [Butte, Nancy F.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Cole, Shelley A.; Voruganti, V. Saroja; Haack, Karin; Kent, Jack W., Jr.; Blangero, John; Comuzzie, Anthony G.] SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Genet, San Antonio, TX USA. [Cai, Guowen] SAS Inst, Cary, NC USA. [McPherson, John D.] Ontario Inst Canc Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Gibbs, Richard A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM nbutte@bcm.edu RI McPherson, John/D-2633-2017; OI McPherson, John/0000-0001-8049-9347; Kent, Jack/0000-0002-0758-7639 FU National Institutes of Health [DK59264, MH59490]; USDA/ARS [58-6250-51000-037]; National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health [C06 RR13556, C06 RR017515] FX Supported by the National Institutes of Health (DK59264 and MH59490), and the USDA/ARS (Cooperative Agreement 58-6250-51000-037). Work performed at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research in San Antonio, TX, was conducted at facilities constructed with support from the Research Facilities Improvement Program of the National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health (C06 RR13556 and C06 RR017515). NR 53 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 91 IS 1 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28514 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 534SM UT WOS:000272917600025 PM 19889825 ER PT J AU Alekel, DL Van Loan, MD Koehler, KJ Hanson, LN Stewart, JW Hanson, KB Kurzer, MS Peterson, CT AF Alekel, D. Lee Van Loan, Marta D. Koehler, Kenneth J. Hanson, Laura N. Stewart, Jeanne W. Hanson, Kathy B. Kurzer, Mindy S. Peterson, C. Theodore TI The Soy Isoflavones for Reducing Bone Loss (SIRBL) Study: a 3-y randomized controlled trial in postmenopausal women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ESTROGEN PLUS PROGESTIN; MINERAL DENSITY; DOUBLE-BLIND; PROTEIN ISOLATE; DIETARY PHYTOESTROGENS; MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS; BREAST-CANCER; CHINESE WOMEN; SERUM-LIPIDS AB Background: Our previous study indicated that soy protein with isoflavones lessened lumbar spine bone loss in midlife women. Objective: We examined the efficacy of isoflavones (extracted from soy protein) on bone mineral density (BMD) in nonosteoporotic postmenopausal women. We hypothesized that isoflavone tablets would spare BMD, with biological (age, body weight, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D) and lifestyle (physical activity, dietary intake) factors modulating BMD loss. Design: Our double-blind, randomized controlled trial (36 mo) included healthy postmenopausal women (aged 45.8-65.0 y) with intent-to-treat (n = 224) and compliant (n = 208) analyses. Treatment groups consisted of a placebo control group and 2 soy isoflavone groups (80 compared with 120 mg/d); women received 500 mg calcium and 600 IU vitamin D3. Outcomes included lumbar spine, total proximal femur, femoral neck, and whole-body BMD. Results: Analysis of variance for intent-to-treat and compliant (>= 80%) models, respectively, showed no treatment effect for spine (P = 0.46, P = 0.21), femur (P = 0.86, P = 0.46), neck (P = 0.17, P = 0.14), or whole-body (P = 0.86, P = 0.78) BMD. From baseline to 36 mo, BMD declined regardless of treatment. In intent-to-treat and compliant models, respectively, BMD decreases were as follows: spine (-2.08%, -1.99%), femur (-1.43%, -1.38%), neck (-2.56%, -2.51%), and whole body (-1.66%, -1.62%). Regression analysis (compliant model) indicated that age, whole-body fat mass, and bone resorption were common predictors of BMD change. After adjustment for these factors, 120 mg (compared with placebo) was protective (P = 0.024) for neck BMD. We observed no treatment effect on adverse events, endometrial thickness, or bone markers. Conclusion: Our results do not show a bone-sparing effect of extracted soy isoflavones, except for a modest effect at the femoral neck. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00043745. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:218-30. C1 [Alekel, D. Lee; Hanson, Laura N.; Stewart, Jeanne W.; Hanson, Kathy B.] Iowa State Univ, Nutr & Wellness Res Ctr, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Koehler, Kenneth J.; Peterson, C. Theodore] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Kurzer, Mindy S.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Alekel, DL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Nutr & Wellness Res Ctr, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Res Pk,Bldg 6,2325 N Loop Dr,Suite 6100, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM alekel@iastate.edu FU National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases [RO1 AR046922]; Nutrition and Wellness Research Center, Iowa State University; USDA/ARS; Western Human Nutrition Research Center; Clinical and Translational Science Center; Clinical Research Center; University of California [1M01RR19975-01]; National Center for Medical Research [UL1 RR024146] FX Supported mainly by a grant (RO1 AR046922) from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases; also supported by the Nutrition and Wellness Research Center, Iowa State University; USDA/ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Clinical and Translational Science Center, Clinical Research Center, University of California (1M01RR19975-01); and National Center for Medical Research (UL1 RR024146). Archer Daniels Midland Company (Decatur, IL) donated soy isoflavone tablets (Novasoy), and GlaxoSmithKline (Moon Township, PA) donated calcium and vitamin D supplements (Os-Cal). NR 67 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 91 IS 1 BP 218 EP 230 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28306 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 534SM UT WOS:000272917600028 PM 19906801 ER PT J AU Takemoto, JY Bensaci, M De Lucca, AJ Cleveland, TE Gandhi, NR Skebba, VP AF Takemoto, Jon Y. Bensaci, Mekki De Lucca, Anthony J. Cleveland, Thomas E. Gandhi, Niranjan R. Skebba, Victoria Palmer TI Inhibition of Fungi from Diseased Grape by Syringomycin E-Rhamnolipid Mixture SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE fungicide; Vitis; syringomycin; rhamnolipid; Aspergillus japonicus; Cladosporium cladosporioides; Curvularia brachyspora; Greeneria uvicola; Nigrospora sphaerica; Penicillium sclerotiorum; Penicillium thomii; Trichoderna sp. ID SYRINGAE PV-SYRINGAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GREEN MOLD; ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES; PSEUDOMONAS; ROT; COMBINATION; ANTIFUNGAL; BIOCONTROL; PATHOGENS AB Fungal infections of vineyard grapes compromise the yield and sensory properties of wines. Consequently, there is a need for more effective fungal control measures. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of a novel lipopeptide fungicidal formulation to control these diseases. A mixture of rhamnolipids (RLs) and the lipodepsinonapeptide syringomycin E (SRE) showed greater inhibitory activities than SRE alone against fungi isolated from grape berries and sterns of a heavily infected vineyard in Louisiana. The fungal species tested were Aspergillus japonicus. Cladosporium cladosporioides, Curvularia brachyspora, Greeneria uvicola, Nigrospora sphaerica, Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sclerotiorum, and P. thomii. Exposure to SRE resulted in 50% killing of germinating conidia of all these fungal species at concentrations between 0.75 and 3 mu M and the SRE + RL mixture gave 50% killing between 0.75 and I mu M SRE. Nongerminated conidia of only C. brachyspora were killed by SRE alone or SRE + RLs (both giving 50% killing at <1 mu M SRE). The RLs alone did not affect the growth of either germinating or nongerminating conidia of these fungi. Results demonstrate the potent and broad fungicidal properties of SRE and show that when mixed with RLs, it is even more lethal to a wide range of grape-associated fungi in the germination stage. C1 [Takemoto, Jon Y.; Bensaci, Mekki] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [De Lucca, Anthony J.; Cleveland, Thomas E.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Gandhi, Niranjan R.; Skebba, Victoria Palmer] Jeneil Biosurfactant Inc, Saukville, WI 53080 USA. RP Takemoto, JY (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jon@biology.usu.edu RI Takemoto, Jon/A-5309-2011 OI Takemoto, Jon/0000-0001-9919-9168 FU Jetted Biotech, Inc.; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station FX Financial support for this research was provided by Jetted Biotech, Inc., and the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station. This publication is approved as UAES journal paper # 8070. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2010 VL 61 IS 1 BP 120 EP 124 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 572CV UT WOS:000275805400015 ER PT J AU Ramming, DW AF Ramming, David W. TI Greenhouse Screening of Grape Rootstock Populations to Determine Inheritance of Resistance to Phylloxera SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE grape rootstocks; phylloxera; breeding ID DAKTULOSPHAIRA-VITIFOLIAE; VITIS; BIOTYPES; CALIFORNIA; HOMOPTERA; HYBRIDS AB Phylloxera has been an important pest in California since its 'discovery in 1880 within Sonoma and Napa counties. Phylloxera-resistant rootstocks and germplasm were selected from American grape species native to the eastern United States. Breeding programs to develop improved phylloxera-resistant rootstocks were started in the late nineteenth century. Resistance to phylloxera has been reported to be controlled by several genes. To focus on one aspect of resistance to phylloxera, a greenhouse screening method was used to observe absence/presence of root nodosities produced by phylloxera. Only one source of phylloxera biotype A from Fresno County was used to reduce the complication of various biotypes. Grape rootstocks with known field reaction to phylloxera were evaluated to test the reliability of the greenhouse test. A design II mating factorial cross was made between male and female rootstocks with a range of resistance to susceptibility. The reaction of their progeny to phylloxera was observed in the greenhouse. All populations segregated for resistance/susceptibility with a few exceptions. Dog Ridge crossed with two susceptible genotypes gave all susceptible offspring. Kober 5BB crossed with susceptible or resistant genotypes gave all resistant offspring. The segregation of resistance to nodosity development could be explained by two complementary dominant genes in most families. C1 ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Ramming, DW (reprint author), ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, USDA, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM david.ramming@ars.usda.gov FU Viticulture Consortium West FX This project was financed in part by a grant from the Viticulture Consortium West. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2010 VL 61 IS 2 BP 234 EP 239 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 611SO UT WOS:000278842600010 ER PT J AU Sweet, RM Schreiner, RP AF Sweet, Rebecca M. Schreiner, R. Paul TI Alleyway Cover Crops Have Little Influence on Pinot noir Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in Two Western Oregon Vineyards SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE competition; leaf water potential; shoot growth; soil moisture; yield; fruit quality ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; INTERCROPPING SYSTEM; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; SOIL; COLONIZATION; QUALITY; ROOTS; YIELD; COMPETITION AB Seven cover-crop treatments were compared in two north Willamette Valley Pinot noir vineyards over two years to test if alleyway cover crops that are mowed in spring and summer compete with grapevines for water or nutrients. Five different cover-crop mixtures were compared to a clean-cultivated control and resident vegetation treatments in 2004 and 2005. Treatments were evaluated for biomass production, quantity of nitrogen (N) contributed to the vineyard floor, weed suppression, and effect on soil water content. Vine responses to the different floor-management strategies included measures of shoot growth, water and nutrient status, yield, and juice quality. Three treatments were evaluated for their effect on fine roots and colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Cover crops influenced soil moisture in a different manner at each site, although the lowest soil moisture was consistently found in the perennial grass and clover mixture. Cover-crop treatments had an impact on grapevine N status at one vineyard, altering leaf blade N concentrations at bloom and juice N concentrations at harvest, although different treatments did not alter N status consistently over time. Cover crops did not alter shoot growth, pruning mass, leaf water potential, fine root density, or colonization of roots by AMF and did not affect yield, cluster weights, juice soluble solids, pH, or titratable acidity. Results showed that alleyway cover crops managed by spring and summer mowing do not have consistent effects on grapevines in western Oregon vineyards and suggest that little competition occurs between cover crops and vines in the mixtures evaluated. Further examination of cover crops composed primarily of clovers or of perennial grasses is warranted. C1 [Schreiner, R. Paul] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Sweet, Rebecca M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Schreiner, RP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Paul.Schreiner@ars.usda.gov FU Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research FX This project was funded in part by the Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2010 VL 61 IS 2 BP 240 EP 252 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 611SO UT WOS:000278842600011 ER PT J AU Shellie, KC AF Shellie, Krista C. TI Water Deficit Effect on Ratio of Seed to Berry Fresh Weight and Berry Weight Uniformity in Winegrape cv. Merlot SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE grape; berry size uniformity; water stress; irrigation; berry mass components; midday leaf water potential ID VITIS-VINIFERA L.; PHENOLIC COMPOSITION; VINE; WINE; SKIN; IRRIGATION; RESPONSES; MATURITY; SHIRAZ; GROWTH AB The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of vine water deficit on berry tissue components and berry weight uniformity at maturity. Field-grown grapevines cv. Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) were differentially irrigated over six consecutive years to maintain a high or low level of vine water stress from fruit set until harvest and clusters were sampled at maturity in the third and fifth year. Detached berries were individually weighed to assess weight uniformity within each irrigation regime and to obtain a sample of similar weight berries from each level of irrigation. Vine water deficit was associated with up to a 27% increase in the proportion of seed to total berry fresh weight regardless of berry size. Berry weight within each irrigation regime was distributed normally and water deficit did not affect berry weight uniformity at maturity. Results have implications for winemaking because a greater ratio of seed to total berry fresh weight alters the proportion of seed-derived relative to skin-derived compounds present during fermentation. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Parma, ID 83660 USA. RP Shellie, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 29603 U I Lane, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM Krista.Shellie@ars.usda.gov FU Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research FX This research was partially funded through a grant from the Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research. The research was conducted in field trial plots at Skyline Vineyard in cooperation with Winemakers, LLC. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 EI 1943-7749 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2010 VL 61 IS 3 BP 414 EP 418 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 650DE UT WOS:000281828100014 ER PT J AU Cousins, P AF Cousins, Peter TI A Root-Knot Nematode Resistance Allele from Vitis cordifolia Is Not Allelic to the N Nematode Resistance Allele SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cousins, Peter] USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM peter.cousins@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2010 VL 61 IS 3 BP 431A EP 431A PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 650DE UT WOS:000281828100042 ER PT J AU Olvera, N Scherer, R McLeod, J Graham, M Knox, B Hall, K Butte, NF Bush, JA Smith, DW Bloom, J AF Olvera, Norma Scherer, Rhonda McLeod, Jessica Graham, Marilyn Knox, Brook Hall, Kayce Butte, Nancy F. Bush, Jill A. Smith, Dennis W. Bloom, Joel TI BOUNCE: An Exploratory Healthy Lifestyle Summer Intervention for Girls SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE African American; Latino girls; physical activity; fitness ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; WEIGHT-LOSS; OBESITY PREVENTION; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; OVERWEIGHT; SCHOOL; FITNESS; PROGRAM; ADOLESCENTS AB Objectives: To assess the efficacy of the BOUNCE parent-daughter intervention in promoting selected physical fitness measures and activity. Methods: Thirty-seven Latino and African American parent-daughter pairs participated. The intervention entailed physical activities, nutrition classes, and self-esteem activities. Child's height, weight, waist circumference, body fat %, blood pressure, physical fitness, and activity were assessed pre- and postintervention. Results: A repeated-measures ANOVA yielded significant results [F(4,26) = 793.003, P<0.001]. Post hoc analyses demonstrated significant (P<0.05) changes in BMI, waist circumference, physical fitness, and activity. Conclusions: The BOUNCE intervention was effective in promoting fitness and activity in minority girls. C1 [Olvera, Norma; Scherer, Rhonda; McLeod, Jessica; Graham, Marilyn; Knox, Brook; Hall, Kayce; Smith, Dennis W.; Bloom, Joel] Univ Houston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Butte, Nancy F.] USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. [Bush, Jill A.] Towson Univ, Dept Kinesiol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Olvera, N (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, 3855 Holman St,Room 104,Garrison Bldg, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM nolvera@uh.edu NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI OAK RIDGE PA 2205-K OAK RIDGE RD, #115, OAK RIDGE, NC 27310 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PY 2010 VL 34 IS 2 BP 144 EP 155 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 781LD UT WOS:000291932800002 PM 19814594 ER PT J AU Kovsan, J Bashan, N Greenberg, AS Rudich, A AF Kovsan, Julia Bashan, Nava Greenberg, Andrew S. Rudich, Assaf TI Potential role of autophagy in modulation of lipid metabolism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE lipolysis; liquid droplet biogenesis and breakdown; liquid droplet-associated proteins; lysosomal proteolysis ID CHAPERONE-MEDIATED AUTOPHAGY; GLYCOGEN AUTOPHAGY; MITOCHONDRIAL AUTOPHAGY; PROTEASOME PATHWAY; PUTATIVE LIPASE; RAT HEPATOCYTES; DEGRADATION; DISEASE; MICE; STARVATION AB Kovsan J, Bashan N, Greenberg AS, Rudich A. Potential role of autophagy in modulation of lipid metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 298: E1-E7, 2010. First published November 3, 2009; doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00562.2009.-Autophagy is a major degradative pathway(s) by which intracellular components are delivered into the lysosomes. It is largely implicated in determining cell death and survival because it eliminates unnecessary, damaged, and/or potentially harmful cellular products and organelles and is an important source for nutrients and energy production under conditions of external nutrient deficiency. As such, autophagy has been suggested to contribute to the regulation of carbohydrate and protein metabolism during fasting. Recently, three papers implicated a role for autophagy in cellular lipid metabolism as well. This Perspectives article presents these novel findings in the context of prior studies on the role of autophagy and lysosomes in metabolic and energy regulation, discusses their points of agreement and opposing propositions, and outlines key outstanding questions. C1 [Kovsan, Julia; Bashan, Nava; Rudich, Assaf] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Biochem, IL-84103 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Greenberg, Andrew S.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Rudich, Assaf] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Int Ctr Hlth & Nutr, IL-84103 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Rudich, Assaf] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Natl Inst Biotechnol Negev, IL-84103 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Rudich, A (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Biochem, IL-84103 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM rudich@bgu.ac.il FU Israel-United States Binational Science Foundation (BSF) [2007327] FX Our studies mentioned in this paper were supported by the Israel-United States Binational Science Foundation (BSF Grant 2007327) to A. Rudich and A. S. Greenberg. NR 57 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 298 IS 1 BP E1 EP E7 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00562.2009 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 533AJ UT WOS:000272793700001 PM 19887596 ER PT J AU Scott, DA Messina, MG AF Scott, D. Andrew Messina, Michael G. TI Soil Properties in 35 y old Pine and Hardwood Plantations after Conversion from Mixed Pine-hardwood Forest SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; CARBON; NITROGEN; RESPIRATION; DYNAMICS; INSITU; FLOOR; METHODOLOGY; TEMPERATURE AB Past management practices have changed much of the native mixed pine-hardwood forests oil upland alluvial terraces of the western Gulf Coastal Plain to either pine monocultures or hardwood (angiosperm) stands. Changes in dominant. tree species call alter soil chemical, biological, and physical properties and processes, thereby changing soil attributes, and ultimately, soil functions. Restoring these forests may be slow or difficult if soil function is altered appreciably. We studied the soil properties and processes ill pine or hardwood-dominated stands after 35 y since conversion from a mixed pine-hardwood stand. The pine forest. floor biomass wits about twice as great as that of the oak stands, the oak soils were 20-30% wetter than the pine soils throughout the sampling period, the oak soils released more CO(2) through respiration and had higher rates of N mineralization in the summer. We observed few differences between pine and oak stands in soil chemistry or microbial biomass. Since the difference in forest floor depth and soil biological activity may confer competitive advantages or disadvantages to some species, this Study supports the hypothesis that pine- or hardwood-only stands create functionally different soils on these site types after 35 y. C1 [Scott, D. Andrew] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Messina, Michael G.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Scott, DA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM andyscott@fs.fed.us OI Scott, D. Andrew/0000-0002-2592-1522 NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 163 IS 1 BP 197 EP 211 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 537WJ UT WOS:000273144700018 ER PT J AU Basile, F Zhang, SF Shin, YS Drolet, B AF Basile, Franco Zhang, Shaofeng Shin, Yong-Seung Drolet, Barbara TI Atmospheric pressure-thermal desorption (AP-TD)/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for the rapid analysis of Bacillus spores SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID EXTRACTIVE ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; DIPICOLINIC ACID; BACTERIAL-SPORES; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; ION-SOURCE; QUALITY; DESI; MS AB A technique is described where an atmospheric pressure-thermal desorption (AP-TD) device and electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS) are coupled and used for the rapid analysis of Bacillus subtilis spores in complex matrices. The resulting AP-TD/ESI-MS technique combines the generation of volatile compounds and/or pyrolysis products with soft-ionization MS detection. In the AP-TD/ESI-MS approach, an electrospray solvent plume was used as the ionization vehicle of thermally desorbed neutrals at atmospheric pressure prior to mass spectrometric analysis using a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. The approach is quantitative with the volatile standard dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and with the use of an internal standard (diethyl methylphosphonate, DEMP). A linear response was obtained as tested in the 1-50 ppm range (R(2) = 0.991) with a standard error of the estimate of 0.193 (0.9% RSD, n = 5). Bacterial spores were detected by performing pyrolysis in situ methylation with the reagent tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) for the detection of the bacterial spore biomarker dipicolinic acid (DPA) as the dimethylated derivative (2Me-DPA). This approach allowed spore detection even in the presence of growth media in crude lyophilized samples. Repetitive analyses could be performed with a duty cycle of less than 5 min total analysis time (including sample loading, heating and data acquisition). This strategy proved successful over other direct ambient MS approaches like DESI-MS and AP-TD/ESI-MS without the in situ derivatization step to detect the dipicolinic acid biomarker from spores. A detection limit for the dimethylated DPA biomarker was estimated at 1 ppm (equivalent to 0.01 mu g of DPA deposited in the thermal desorption tube), which corresponded to a calculated detection limit of 10(5) spores deposited or 0.1% by weight spore composition in solid samples (assuming a 1 mg sample size). The AP-TD/ESI source used in conjunction with the in situ methylation step allowed the differentiation of bacterial spores from other 'suspicious white powders' using a single stage for mass analysis and with minimum sample preparation, making this approach suitable for simple field-portable MS instrumentation and pattern recognition data analysis. C1 [Basile, Franco; Zhang, Shaofeng; Shin, Yong-Seung] Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Drolet, Barbara] Univ Wyoming, USDA, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Basile, F (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM basile@uwyo.edu FU National Institutes of Health-National Center for Research Resources [R15-RR020354-01A1]; National Science Foundation (CAREER) [0844694]; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [448800] FX This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health-National Center for Research Resources (R15-RR020354-01A1), the National Science Foundation (CAREER Award 0844694) and the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA Grant # 448800). NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2010 VL 135 IS 4 BP 797 EP 803 DI 10.1039/c0an00071j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 572WN UT WOS:000275865100021 PM 20309450 ER PT J AU Fortin, M Julien, P Couture, Y Dubreuil, P Chouinard, PY Latulippe, C Davis, TA Thivierge, MC AF Fortin, M. Julien, P. Couture, Y. Dubreuil, P. Chouinard, P. Y. Latulippe, C. Davis, T. A. Thivierge, M. C. TI Regulation of glucose and protein metabolism in growing steers by long-chain n-3 fatty acids in muscle membrane phospholipids is dose-dependent SO ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE insulin sensitivity; glucose metabolism; protein metabolism; muscle membrane phospholipids; long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ID NITRIC OXIDE PATHWAY; AMINO-ACIDS; WHOLE-BODY; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LIPID-COMPOSITION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ABOMASAL INFUSION; LACTATING COWS; DIETARY-FAT; FISH-OIL AB A previous study showed that long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA; > 18 carbons n-3) exert an anabolic effect on protein metabolism through the upregulation of insulin sensitivity and activation of the insulin signaling pathway. This study further delineates for the first time whether the anabolic effect of LCn-3PUFA on metabolism is dose responsive. Six steers were used to test three graded amounts of menhaden oil rich in LCn-3PUFA (0%, 2% and 4%; enteral infusions) according to a double 3 x 3 Latin square design. Treatment comparisons were made using iso-energetic substitutions of control oil for menhaden oil and using 6-week experimental periods. The LCn-3PUFA in muscle total membrane phospholipids increased from 8%, 14% to 20% as dietary menhaden oil increased. Feeding graded amounts of menhaden oil linearly decreased plasma insulin concentration (49, 35 and 25 mu U/ml, P = 0.01). The insulin-stimulated amino acid disposal rates as assessed using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic clamps (20, 40 and 80 mU/kg per h) were linearly increased by the incremental administrations of menhaden oil from 169, 238 to 375 mu mol/kg per h (P = 0.005) during the 40 mU/kg per h clamp, and from 295, 360 and 590 mu mol/kg per h (P = 0.02) during the 80 mU/kg per h clamp. Glucose disposal rate responded according to a quadratic relationship with the incremental menhaden oil amounts (P < 0.05). A regression analysis showed that 47% of the amino acid disposal rates elicited during the hyperinsulinemic clamp was related to muscle membrane LCn-3PUFA content (P = 0.003). These results show for the first time that both protein and glucose metabolism respond in a dose-dependent manner to menhaden oil and to muscle membrane LCn-3PUFA. C1 [Fortin, M.; Chouinard, P. Y.; Latulippe, C.; Thivierge, M. C.] Univ Laval, Dept Anim Sci, Fac Sci Agr & Alimentat, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Fortin, M.; Chouinard, P. Y.; Latulippe, C.; Thivierge, M. C.] Univ Laval, Inst Nutraceut & Aliments Fonctionnels, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Julien, P.] Univ Laval, Ctr Hosp, CHUL, Lipid Res Ctr, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4G2, Canada. [Couture, Y.; Dubreuil, P.] Univ Montreal, Fac Med Vet, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. [Davis, T. A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Thivierge, M. C.] Univ Aberdeen, Rowett Inst Nutr & Hlth, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland. RP Fortin, M (reprint author), Univ Laval, Dept Anim Sci, Fac Sci Agr & Alimentat, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. EM c.thivierge@abdn.ac.uk FU Conseil de recherches en peche et en agroalimentaire du Quebec (COR-PAQ); Federation des producteurs de bovins du Quebec FX This work is funded in part by grants from the 'Conseil de recherches en peche et en agroalimentaire du Quebec (COR-PAQ)' and the 'Federation des producteurs de bovins du Quebec'. A special thanks is extended to Omega Protein Inc., Reedville, VA, USA, who kindly provided menhaden oil required in this study. We gratefully thank Mrs Richard Prince and O'Neil Fecteau for their animal care and assistance. Appreciations are extended to Ms Line Berthiaume who performed the analyses of the fatty acid profile of muscle lipid fractions. Ms Therese Carbonneau - Ferme Simmental Therese et Claude Carbonneau Inc. and Mr Simon Marcotte - elevage bovins St-Gilbert are gratefully acknowledged for their collaboration in providing crossbred steers. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1751-7311 J9 ANIMAL JI Animal PD JAN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 1 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1017/S1751731109991042 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 534HH UT WOS:000272886700011 PM 22443622 ER PT J AU Rossi, BH Nonacs, P Pitts-Singer, TL AF Rossi, Benjamin H. Nonacs, Peter Pitts-Singer, Theresa L. TI Sexual harassment by males reduces female fecundity in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE alfalfa leafcutting bee; cost; fecundity; female resistance; Hymenoptera; Megachile rotundata; sex ratio; sexual coercion; sexual conflict; sexual harassment ID FLY SEPSIS-CYNIPSEA; SEXY SON HYPOTHESIS; SOLITARY BEE; ANTHOPHORA PLUMIPES; X-RADIOGRAPHY; BODY-SIZE; HYMENOPTERA; CONFLICT; BEHAVIOR; COERCION AB Under sexual conflict, males evolve traits to increase their mating and reproductive success that impose costs on females. Females evolve counteradaptations to resist males and reduce those costs. Sexual harassment is a form of sexual conflict in which males make repeated, costly attempts to mate. Costs to female foraging or predation risk have been measured in several species, but quantitative measurements of direct fitness costs are rare. In the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (Fabricius; Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), males harass females, and females resist all mating attempts. We placed bees in large, outdoor cages with various male-biased sex ratios. Harassment rate, nest progression, offspring production, temperature, and food availability were measured daily for 7 days. Harassment rates were highest at intermediate sex ratios. Harassment reduced the number of foraging trips and increased the duration of foraging trips made by females. Females produced offspring at a slower rate when subjected to higher rates of harassment. This shows a direct link from sex ratio to harassment to female fitness under natural conditions. We also discuss an alternative explanation that female resistance is a mechanism for mate choice for high-quality males, which would require that indirect benefits accrue through either daughters or grandsons, because all sons in haplodiploid species arise from unfertilized eggs. (C) 2009 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rossi, Benjamin H.; Nonacs, Peter] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Pitts-Singer, Theresa L.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Rossi, BH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Box 951606,621 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM ben12@ucla.edu FU UCLA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement [58-5428-6-324] FX This study was conducted as a part of UCLA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-5428-6-324. It was made possible by funding from a UCLA Quality of Graduate Education Fellowship and help from Ellen Klomps, Shaila Kalaskar, Glen Trostle, Michael Barker, Nicole Boehme, Cory Vorel, and many undergraduate assistants. We also thank Daniel Blumstein, Gregory Grether, Daniel Fessler, and two anonymous referees for their constructive comments. NR 53 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 79 IS 1 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.10.023 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 536EY UT WOS:000273027500022 ER PT J AU Welsh, HH Hodgson, GR Duda, JJ Emlen, JM AF Welsh, H. H., Jr. Hodgson, G. R. Duda, J. J. Emlen, J. M. TI Faunal assemblages and multi-scale habitat patterns in headwater tributaries of the South Fork Trinity River - an unregulated river embedded within a multiple-use landscape SO ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Headwater tributaries; Bio-indicators; Multi-scale; Ecological integrity ID STREAM AMPHIBIANS; LAND-USE; HYDROLOGIC CONNECTIVITY; ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SPATIAL SCALES; FOREST HARVEST; RIPARIAN ZONES; BIODIVERSITY; CALIFORNIA AB Faunal assemblages and multi scale habitat patterns in headwater tributaries of the South Fork Trinity River an unregulated river embedded within a multiple use landscape. Headwaters can represent 80% of stream kilometers in a watershed, and they also have unique physical and biological properties that have only recently been recognized for their importance in sustaining healthy functioning stream networks and their ecological services. We sampled 60 headwater tributaries in the South Fork Trinity River, a 2,430 km(2), mostly forested, multiple use watershed in northwestern California. Our objectives were: (1) to differentiate unique headwater types using 69 abiotic and vegetation variables measured at three spatial scales, and then to reduce these to informative subsets; (2) determine if distinct biota occupied the different tributary types; (3) determine the environmental attributes associated with the presence and abundance of these biotic assemblages; and (4) using niche modeling, determine key attribute thresholds to illustrate how these biota could be employed as metrics of system integrity and ecological services. Several taxa were sufficiently abundant and widespread to use as bio-indicators: the presence and abundance of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), herpetofauna (reptile and amphibian) species richness, and signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) represented different trophic positions, value as commercial resources (steelhead), sensitivity to environmental stress (amphibians), and indicators of biodiversity (herpetofauna species richness). Herpetofauna species richness did not differ, but abundances of steelhead trout, signal crayfish, and amphibian richness all differed significantly among tributary types. Niche models indicated that distribution and abundance patterns in both riparian and aquatic environments were associated with physical and structural attributes at multiple spatial scales, both within and around reaches. The bio-indicators responded to unique sets of attributes, reflecting the high environmental heterogeneity in headwater tributaries across this large watershed. These niche attributes represented a wide range of headwater environments, indicating responses to a number of natural and anthropogenic conditions, and demonstrated the value of using a suite of bio indicators to elucidate watershed conditions, and to examine numerous disturbances that may influence ecological integrity. C1 [Welsh, H. H., Jr.; Hodgson, G. R.] USDA Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Duda, J. J.; Emlen, J. M.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Welsh, HH (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM hwelsh@fs.fed.us RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 FU U.S. interagency Northwest Forest Plan FX We thank D. Ashton, J. Bettaso, C. Collins, T. Fuller, S. Green, L. Heise, A. Herman, N. Karraker, S. McCarthy, B. Norman, J. Sundell, L. Ollivier, K. Schlick, and C. Wheeler for their assistance with field work. We would also like to thank B. Howard for database management and J. Baldwin for statistical assistance. W. Duffy, R. Hoffman, T. Krzysik and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on earlier drafts. This research was partially funded by the U.S. interagency Northwest Forest Plan. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names is for the convenience of the reader and does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Government of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 92 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 13 PU MUSEU DE CIENCIES NATURALS-ZOOLOGIA PI BARCELONA PA PASSEIG PICASSO S-N, PARC CIUTADELLA, BARCELONA, E-08003, SPAIN SN 1578-665X J9 ANIM BIODIV CONSERV JI Anim. Biodivers. Conserv. PY 2010 VL 33 IS 1 BP 63 EP 87 PG 25 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 686FQ UT WOS:000284682600007 ER PT J AU da Silva, MVGB Sonstegard, TS Thallman, RM Connor, EE Schnabel, RD Van Tassell, CP AF Barbosa da Silva, Marcos Vinicius G. Sonstegard, Tad S. Thallman, Richard M. Connor, Erin E. Schnabel, Robert D. Van Tassell, Curt P. TI CHARACTERIZATION OF DGAT1 ALLELIC EFFECTS IN A SAMPLE OF NORTH AMERICAN HOLSTEIN CATTLE SO ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dairy cattle; Milk production; Quantitative trait loci; Substitution effect ID MILK-FAT CONTENT; GENOTYPE PROBABILITIES; EFFICIENT COMPUTATION; DAIRY-CATTLE; TRAIT LOCUS; GENOME SCAN; POPULATION; GENE; QTL; YIELD AB A putative causative mutation underlying a QTL was identified as a lysine to alanine non-conservative substitution at amino acid 232 of the gene encoding the acylCoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) protein. Our goal was to characterize the allelic substitution effects of this DGAT1 mutation in a large sample of Holstein bulls from North America. Statistically significant effects were identified for all of the milk production traits and somatic cell scores. Estimated average effects of substituting the lysine allele for the alanine variant on Holstein bull daughter yield deviations were -81 kg, 3.7 kg, -1.1 kg, 0.063%, 0.012%, and -0.023 units for milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, fat component, protein component, and SCS, respectively. These estimates were largely in agreement with previous studies; however, the magnitudes of the estimates were much smaller in this study. Impacts on economic indices for net merit, cheese merit, and fluid merit were modest. Because of the strong antagonism between fat and protein yield and how those traits influence economic indices, selection for DGAT1 genotypes will likely not find widespread application in the U.S. C1 [Barbosa da Silva, Marcos Vinicius G.; Sonstegard, Tad S.; Connor, Erin E.; Van Tassell, Curt P.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Barbosa da Silva, Marcos Vinicius G.] Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. [Thallman, Richard M.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Schnabel, Robert D.] Univ Missouri, Anim Sci Unit, Columbia, MO USA. RP Sonstegard, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tad.sonstegard@ars.usda.gov OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087; Schnabel, Robert/0000-0001-5018-7641 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1049-5398 J9 ANIM BIOTECHNOL JI Anim. Biotechnol. PY 2010 VL 21 IS 2 BP 88 EP 99 DI 10.1080/10495390903504625 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 580NG UT WOS:000276455400002 ER PT J AU Garcia, MD Matukumalli, L Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Smith, TPL Casas, E AF Garcia, M. D. Matukumalli, L. Wheeler, T. L. Shackelford, S. D. Smith, T. P. L. Casas, E. TI Markers on Bovine Chromosome 20 Associated with Carcass Quality and Composition Traits and Incidence of Contracting Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis SO ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beef cattle; Carcass traits; Health; Pinkeye; Selection ID PALATABILITY TRAITS; CATTLE; GROWTH; LOCI; DISEASE AB The objective of this study was to use single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located on bovine chromosome 20 to fine map a previously identified QTL associated with the incidence of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). Crossbred steers (GPE 7; n=539) derived from sires of 7 Bos taurus breeds and having veterinary records related to IBK were used to test the association of a total of 105 SNP located under the most relevant region of the QTL. Five SNP were significantly associated with IBK (P0.05), as animals inheriting differing genotypes from individual SNP exhibited significantly different incidence rates of IBK. The population also had numerous other phenotypes, supporting evaluation of association of the 105 markers with carcass traits to identify potential antagonistic effects of implementing a marker-assisted selection program for IBK susceptibility. An association of 2 SNP for marbling and tenderness was identified, along with 3 SNP associated with the percentage of carcasses classified as choice. Four SNP were significantly associated with fat yield, 2 SNP with longissimus muscle area, and 2 additional SNP with dressing percentage. The association of these markers indicates that the evaluated QTL region may, in fact, harbor the causative mutations responsible for the variation observed in IBK susceptibility and carcass quality and composition traits. Thus, further evaluation of SNP in this region is necessary in order to identify mutations accounting for the largest degree of variation for IBK and carcass traits. C1 [Garcia, M. D.; Wheeler, T. L.; Shackelford, S. D.; Smith, T. P. L.; Casas, E.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Matukumalli, L.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Anim Res Ctr, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Casas, E (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Eduardo.Casas@ARS.USDA.Gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1049-5398 EI 1532-2378 J9 ANIM BIOTECHNOL JI Anim. Biotechnol. PY 2010 VL 21 IS 3 BP 188 EP 202 AR PII 924825313 DI 10.1080/10495398.2010.495012 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 631XL UT WOS:000280383900006 PM 20665291 ER PT J AU Petri, C Scorza, R AF Petri, C. Scorza, R. TI Factors affecting adventitious regeneration from in vitro leaf explants of 'Improved French' plum, the most important dried plum cultivar in the USA SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE European plum; organogenesis; Prunus domestica; silver thiosulphate; thidiazuron ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; SHOOT REGENERATION; ETHYLENE INHIBITORS; PLANT-REGENERATION; PRUNUS-DOMESTICA; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; APPLE ROOTSTOCKS; TISSUE-CULTURE; SILVER-NITRATE; APRICOT LEAVES AB An adventitious shoot regeneration protocol from in vitro leaves of the most important dried plum cultivar in the USA, 'Improved French', has been established. Factors affecting regeneration were studied in order to optimise regeneration. The proliferation medium in which the shoots, used as the source of leaf explants, were cultured had a strong influence on subsequent regeneration. Shoot regeneration was observed at a mean frequency of 52% when a Murashige-based and Skoog-based shoot culture medium with 3 mu M N6-benzylaminopurine and 0.25 mu M indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was employed compared with shoot regeneration frequencies of less than 5% for a Quoirin-based and Lepoivre-based shoot culture medium, with 8.9 mu M N6-benzylaminopurine and 0.49 mu M IBA. The shoot regeneration medium contained alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid at 2.0-6.0 mu M and thidiazuron at 4.5-15.0 mu M. 2,4 Dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid at 9.0 mu M was included in the medium but only for the first 4 days of culture. Shoot regeneration frequencies were positively related to thidiazuron concentration and significantly greater (P < 0.05) for 9-15 mu M thidiazuron than for the media with 4.5 mu M thidiazuron. Leaf explants, incubated in a 16-h-light/8-h-dark photoperiod or in the dark for 1 week followed by exposure to light, showed significantly more organogenic activity (P < 0.01) than was observed for leaves cultured in the dark for 2 or 3 weeks before they were transferred to the light. The utilisation of Bacto agar (0.7%) as the gelling agent increased organogenesis compared with media gelled with TC Agar (0.7%), or an agar-gellan gum blend (Agargel (TM)) (0.45%). The addition of the ethylene inhibitor silver thiosulphate at 60-120 mu M also improved organogenesis. When all the studied factors were optimised, a regeneration rate of 65% was achieved. Rooting frequency of regenerated shoots was significantly increased (P < 0.05) by the use of full-strength Murashige and Skoog salts (40%) or 100 mg L-1 phloroglucinol (53%) to the rooting medium. C1 [Petri, C.; Scorza, R.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Genet Improvement Fruit Crops Unit, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Petri, C.] CSIC, CEBAS, Dept Mejora Vegetal, Murcia, Spain. RP Scorza, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Genet Improvement Fruit Crops Unit, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Ralph.Scorza@ARS.USDA.GOV FU California Dried Plum Board FX Funding for this project from the California Dried Plum Board is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also acknowledge the statistical advice provided by Lorenzo Burgos and John G. Phillips, and the technical assistance of Ahn Silverstein and Mark Demuth. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the US Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that also may be suitable. NR 52 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2010 VL 156 IS 1 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2009.00364.x PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 530YP UT WOS:000272629200007 ER PT J AU Gasson, P Miller, R Stekel, DJ Whinder, F Zieminska, K AF Gasson, Peter Miller, Regis Stekel, Dov J. Whinder, Frances Zieminska, Kasia TI Wood identification of Dalbergia nigra (CITES Appendix I) using quantitative wood anatomy, principal components analysis and naive Bayes classification SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Dalbergia nigra; Brazilian rosewood; CITES; wood anatomy; PCA; naive Bayes analysis AB Dalbergia nigra is one of the most valuable timber species of its genus, having been traded for over 300 years. Due to over-exploitation it is facing extinction and trade has been banned under CITES Appendix I since 1992. Current methods, primarily comparative wood anatomy, are inadequate for conclusive species identification. This study aims to find a set of anatomical characters that distinguish the wood of D. nigra from other commercially important species of Dalbergia from Latin America. Qualitative and quantitative wood anatomy, principal components analysis and naive Bayes classification were conducted on 43 specimens of Dalbergia, eight D. nigra and 35 from six other Latin American species. Dalbergia cearensis and D. miscolobium can be distinguished from D. nigra on the basis of vessel frequency for the former, and ray frequency for the latter. Principal components analysis was unable to provide any further basis for separating the species. Naive Bayes classification using the four characters: minimum vessel diameter; frequency of solitary vessels; mean ray width; and frequency of axially fused rays, classified all eight D. nigra correctly with no false negatives, but there was a false positive rate of 36 center dot 36 %. Wood anatomy alone cannot distinguish D. nigra from all other commercially important Dalbergia species likely to be encountered by customs officials, but can be used to reduce the number of specimens that would need further study. C1 [Gasson, Peter; Whinder, Frances; Zieminska, Kasia] Royal Bot Gardens Kew, Jodrell Lab, Richmond TW9 3DS, Surrey, England. [Miller, Regis] Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Stekel, Dov J.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Biosci, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leics, England. RP Gasson, P (reprint author), Royal Bot Gardens Kew, Jodrell Lab, Kew Rd, Richmond TW9 3DS, Surrey, England. EM P.Gasson@kew.org NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 27 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 105 IS 1 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.1093/aob/mcp270 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 534UW UT WOS:000272923900017 PM 19884155 ER PT J AU Dodds, KJ Gilmore, DW Seybold, SJ AF Dodds, Kevin J. Gilmore, Daniel W. Seybold, Steven J. TI Assessing the Threat Posed by Indigenous Exotics: A Case Study of Two North American Bark Beetle Species SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus pseudotsugae; Dendroctonus simplex; exotic species; brood production; Scolytidae ID IPS-CALLIGRAPHUS COLEOPTERA; DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; PINE PHLOEM THICKNESS; HOST SELECTION; UNITED-STATES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; LODGEPOLE PINE; DOUGLAS-FIR; SCOLYTIDAE; BEHAVIOR AB The Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, was detected in 2001 in nor-them Minnesota outside its natural range and the range of its native hosts, Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco, and western larch, Larix occidentalis Nutt. Consecutive years of detection indicated that D. pseudotsugae may have been established in a new environment and provided a possible example of an indigenous exotic species in North America. Pheromone-baited logs of P. menziesii and tamarack, Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch. were placed at four sites in northern Minnesota in air attempt to detect this indigenous exotic. Bark was removed from one half of logs and checked for D. pseudotsugae galleries. The remaining logs were left intact and reared to collect adult beetles the following spring. No D. pseudotsugae galleries were identified and no adults of the indigenous exotic were located. Along with the eastern larch beetle, Dendroctonus simplex LeConte, native Minnesota populations of Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby) and Dryocoetes autographus (Ratzeburg) colonized P. menziesii logs. The reciprocal study was conducted in Montana, primarily to determine whether D. pseudotsugae would attack pheromone-baited logs of L. laricina. Logs from the Minnesota and Montana experiments were used to estimate the success of D. simplex and D. pseudotsugae in the non-native hosts P. menziesii and L. laricina, respectively. Both D. simplex and D. pseudotsugae successfully colonized and reproduced in non-native logs in the field, albeit at low numbers. The potential threat of indigenous exotic species to North American forests also is discussed. C1 [Dodds, Kevin J.; Gilmore, Daniel W.; Seybold, Steven J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Dodds, KJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Protect, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM kdodds@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Northeastern Area Office; USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station; Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota FX We thank Mike Albers (Minnesota Department of Natural Resources); Kurt Allen and Dan Long (USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Region 2, Rapid City Service Center); Kurt Geldernian (Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation); Ken Gibson (USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Region 1, Missoula), Allison Hanson (University of California-Riverside); Scott Hill (USDA Forest Service, Bighorn National Forest); Brad Jones (Itasca County Land Department); Jim Lind, Kanial Candhi, and Tito O'Brien (University of Minnesota); Sheryl Meekin (USDA Forest Service, Bitteroot National Forest, Sula Ranger District); and Scott Pitak (Pitak Logging) for logistical support and field assistance. Larex Incorporated, Minnesota Power, and Blandin Paper Company allowed access to study sites in Minnesota. Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Northeastern Area Office; the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station; and the Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota. NR 77 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 103 IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.1603/008.103.0106 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 543ZE UT WOS:000273619800006 ER PT J AU Frank, DL Leskey, TC Berch, JC AF Frank, D. L. Leskey, T. C. Berch, J. C. TI Development of a Rearing Methodology for the Dogwood Borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Synanthedon scitula; rearing; thinning apples ID PEACH TREE BORER; CLONAL APPLE ROOTSTOCKS; NEW-YORK; BIOLOGY; ORCHARDS; INFESTATION; MANAGEMENT AB Studies examining the factors that influence the mating, oviposition, and development of dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), and that pertain to its efficient rearing in captivity are reported. The mating success of pairs of moths held in 30- or 60-cm(3) cages exposed to natural daylight or artificial light did not differ significantly. Under natural daylight and artificial light, the average time at which mating occurred was 1950 and 1915 hours, respectively, but mating could be triggered earlier in the day by gradually reducing the intensity of artificial light. Mated females held in waxed paper cups deposited significantly more eggs on 2-yr-old apple (Malus spp.). branches wrapped in cheesecloth than on cheesecloth alone or when no oviposition substrate was provided. Larvae fed on and pupated within small, immature apples and their establishment on this rearing medium was significantly improved on fruit With small perforations compared with those without perforations. Larvae introduced to these apples monthly between August and November completed development and pupated if exposed to constant long-day conditions using artificial light, but they showed a significant reduction in pupation in September and a cessation of pupation by October if exposed to natural daylight and decreasing daylength. The "dark-eye" stage was established as a common point in pupal development that could be used to generate a cobort of pupae from which moths emerged over a period of 2-3 d. These procedures provide the basis for successful establishment of a laboratory-based colony of dogwood borer. C1 [Frank, D. L.; Berch, J. C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. [Leskey, T. C.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Frank, DL (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. EM dlfrank@vt.edu FU USDA SR-IPM [2005-34103-15592]; Virginia Polytechnic Institute; State University Graduate Research and Development FX This work was supported by award 2005-34103-15592 from the USDA SR-IPM program and in part by the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Graduate Research and Development Project. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 103 IS 1 BP 50 EP 56 DI 10.1603/008.103.0107 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 543ZE UT WOS:000273619800007 ER PT J AU de Leon, JH Setamou, M AF de Leon, Jesse H. Setamou, Mamoudou TI Molecular Evidence Suggests That Populations of the Asian Citrus Psyllid Parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) From Texas, Florida, and Mexico Represent a Single Species SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE natural enemy; ectoparasitoid; Asian citrus psyllid; biological control; DNA fingerprinting ID HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA HOMOPTERA; GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER; GONATOCERUS-MORRILLI HYMENOPTERA; DIAPHORINA-CITRI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GREENING DISEASE; EGG PARASITOIDS; TRANSCRIBED SPACER; DNA-SEQUENCES; MYMARIDAE AB We genetically characterized Tamarixia radiata, (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) populations from Texas, Florida, and Mexico and the sister taxon Tamarixia triozae (Burks) by two molecular methods. T. radiata is an ectoparasitoid of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), nymphs. The populations were submitted to intersimple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction DNA fingerprinting with two primers. No fixed banding pattern differences were uncovered among the populations of T radiata with either primer, whereas different patterns were observed in T triozae, suggesting that there is no genetic differentiation among the populations. Support for these results was obtained by sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region one and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit one (COI) gene. In both genes, the intrapopulational variation range (percentage divergence, %D) fell within the interpopulational variation range. The %D at the COI gene between T radiata and T. triozae was 9.0-10.3%. However, haplotype structure was uncovered among the populations. No haplotypes were shared between Florida and Texas/Mexico, whereas sharing was observed between Texas and Mexico. Two population-specific nucleotides were identified that allowed the discrimination of the Florida and Texas/Mexico individuals. A neighbor-joining and a parsimonious tree clustered the populations into two distinct clades. The Florida population clustered into one clade, whereas the Texas/Mexico populations clustered into another clade. The COI phylogeographic analysis suggests that the population of T. radiata in Texas did not come front Florida. The data also suggest that the population in Texas came from Mexico, or vice versa, because the Mexico population showed less haplotype diversity. C1 [de Leon, Jesse H.] ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Setamou, Mamoudou] Texas A&I Univ Kingsville, Citrus Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP de Leon, JH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jesus.deleon@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2008-51180-04901]; Texas Citrus Producers' Board FX We thank Marissa Gonzdlez from ARS-Weslaco for excellent molecular technical assistance and Daniel Davila from the Citrus Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville for technical assistance. We thank Tong-Xian (T-X) Liu from Texas AgriLIFE Research of Weslaco, TX, for kindly providing T. triozae and Drs. Lukasz Stelinski (University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL) and Alexandro Gonzdlez Hernandez (University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico) for providing the T. radiata samples. We also thank John da Graca from the Citrus Center (Texas A&M University-Kingsville) and Kate Aronstein of ARS-Weslaco for reading and improving a previous version of this article. We thank the anonymous reviewers and the editor for improving the manuscript. Partial support for the Current work was provided by a USDA-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service grant (2008-51180-04901) and by the Texas Citrus Producers' Board. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 103 IS 1 BP 100 EP 110 DI 10.1603/008.103.0113 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 543ZE UT WOS:000273619800013 ER PT S AU Phillips, TW Throne, JE AF Phillips, Thomas W. Throne, James E. TI Biorational Approaches to Managing Stored-Product Insects SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY SE Annual Review of Entomology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE biological control; insect growth regulators; pheromones; physical control; sampling; decision-making ID PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA LEPIDOPTERA; INDIANMEAL MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; PROSTEPHANUS-TRUNCATUS HORN; GRAIN BEETLES COLEOPTERA; WEBBING CLOTHES MOTH; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; SITOPHILUS-ZEAMAIS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES AB Stored-product insects can cause postharvest losses, estimated from up to 9% in developed countries to 20% or more in developing countries. There is much interest in alternatives to conventional insecticides for controlling stored-product insects because of insecticide loss due to regulatory action and insect resistance, and because of increasing consumer demand for product that is free of insects and insecticide residues. Sanitation is perhaps the first line of defense for grain stored at farms or elevators and for food-processing and warehouse facilities. Some of the most promising biorational management tools for farm-stored grain are temperature management and use of natural enemies. New tools for computer-assisted decision-making and insect sampling at grain elevators appear most promising. Processing facilities and warehouses usually rely on trap captures for decision-making, a process that needs further research to optimize. C1 [Phillips, Thomas W.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Throne, James E.] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Phillips, TW (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM twp1@ksu.edu; James.Throne@ars.usda.gov FU Oklahoma State University; Kansas State University; USDA Agricultural Research Service; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service FX We sincerely thank our colleagues Frank Arthur, Paul Fields, Paul Flinn, and Manoj Nayak for their constructive comments on an earlier draft of this review. The authors appreciate financial institutional support from Oklahoma State University, Kansas State University, the USDA Agricultural Research Service, and various grant-funding programs from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by Kansas State University or the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 124 TC 146 Z9 161 U1 1 U2 44 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 BN 978-0-8243-0155-2 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2010 VL 55 BP 375 EP 397 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.54.110807.090451 PG 23 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 545DG UT WOS:000273712100020 PM 19737083 ER PT S AU Haack, RA Herard, F Sun, JH Turgeon, JJ AF Haack, Robert A. Herard, Franck Sun, Jianghua Turgeon, Jean J. TI Managing Invasive Populations of Asian Longhorned Beetle and Citrus Longhorned Beetle: A Worldwide Perspective SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY SE Annual Review of Entomology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Anoplophora chinensis; Anoplophora glabripennis; Cerambycidae; exotic; eradication ID ANOPLOPHORA-GLABRIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; SPOTTED LONGICORN BEETLE; MALASIACA THOMSON COLEOPTERA; WOOD PACKING MATERIAL; CONTACT SEX-PHEROMONE; CHINENSIS FORSTER COLEOPTERA; LONG-HORNED BEETLE; MOTSCHULSKY COLEOPTERA; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; ARTIFICIAL DIET AB The Asian longliorned beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), and citrus longhorned beetle (CLB), Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), are polyphagous xylophages native to Asia and are capable of killing healthy trees. ALB outbreaks began in China in the 1980s, following major reforestation programs that used ALB-susceptible tree species. No regional CLB outbreaks have been reported in Asia. ALB was first intercepted in international trade in 1992, mostly in wood packaging material; CLB was first intercepted in 1980, mostly in live plants. ALB is now established in North America, and both species are established in Europe. After each infestation was discovered, quarantines and eradication programs were initiated to protect high-risk tree genera such as Acer, Aesculus, Betula, Populus, Salix, and Omits. We discuss taxonomy, diagnostics, native range, bionomics, damage, host plants, pest status in their native range, invasion history and management, recent research, and international efforts to prevent new introductions. C1 [Haack, Robert A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Herard, Franck] ARS, USDA, European Biol Control Lab, F-34980 St Gely Du Fesc, France. [Sun, Jianghua] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Turgeon, Jean J.] Nat Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. RP Haack, RA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM rhaack@fs.fed.us; fherard@ars-ebel.org; sunjh@ioz.ac.cn; Jean.turgeon@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca NR 153 TC 144 Z9 168 U1 25 U2 183 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 BN 978-0-8243-0155-2 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2010 VL 55 BP 521 EP 546 DI 10.1146/annurev-ento-112408-085427 PG 26 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 545DG UT WOS:000273712100027 PM 19743916 ER PT S AU Gottwald, TR AF Gottwald, Tim R. BE VanAlfen, NK Bruening, G Leach, JE TI Current Epidemiological Understanding of Citrus Huanglongbing SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, VOL 48 SE Annual Review of Phytopathology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Liberibacter; spatial; temporal; incubation; latency; control ID CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER ASIATICUS; TRISTEZA-VIRUS INCIDENCE; SPATIOTEMPORAL STOCHASTIC-MODELS; PLANT EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIAPHORINA-CITRI; GREENING DISEASE; CANKER EPIDEMIC; FLORIDA; HOMOPTERA; AMERICANUS AB Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most destructive citrus pathosystem worldwide. Previously known primarily from Asia and Africa, it was introduced into the Western Hemisphere in 2004. All infected commercial citrus industries continue to decline owing to inadequate current control methods. HLB increase and regional spatial spread, related to vector populations, are rapid compared with other arboreal pathosystems. Disease dynamics result from multiple simultaneous spatial processes, suggesting that psyllid vector transmission is a continuum from local area to very long distance. Evolutionarily, HLB appears to have originated as an insect endosymbiont that has moved into plants. Lack of exposure of citrus to the pathogen prior to approximately 100 years ago did not provide sufficient time for development of resistance. A prolonged incubation period and regional dispersal make eradication nonviable. Multiple asymptomatic infections per symptomatic tree, incomplete systemic distribution within trees, and prolonged incubation period make detection difficult and greatly complicate disease control. C1 ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Gottwald, TR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM tim.gottwald@ars.usda.gov NR 94 TC 199 Z9 213 U1 15 U2 123 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4286 BN 978-0-8243-1348-7 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2010 VL 48 BP 119 EP 139 DI 10.1146/annurev-phyto-073009-114418 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BQX41 UT WOS:000282062400006 PM 20415578 ER PT S AU Zasada, IA Halbrendt, JM Kokalis-Burelle, N LaMondia, J McKenry, MV Noling, JW AF Zasada, Inga A. Halbrendt, John M. Kokalis-Burelle, Nancy LaMondia, James McKenry, Michael V. Noling, Joe W. BE VanAlfen, NK Bruening, G Leach, JE TI Managing Nematodes Without Methyl Bromide SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, VOL 48 SE Annual Review of Phytopathology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE fumigant; plant resistance; high-value crops; alternatives; biofumigation; rotation ID SOIL SOLARIZATION; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; FUMIGANT EMISSIONS; PEST-CONTROL; ALTERNATIVES; RESISTANCE; TOMATO; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; MANAGEMENT; CHLOROPICRIN AB Methyl bromide is an effective pre-plant soil fumigant used to control nematodes in many high-input, high-value crops in the United States, including vegetables, nursery plants, ornamentals, tree fruits, strawberries, and grapes. Because methyl bromide has provided a reliable return on investment for nematode control, many of these commodities have standardized their production practices based on the use of this chemical and will be negatively impacted if effective and economical alternatives are not identified. Alternative control measures based on other chemicals, genetic resistance, and cultural practices require a greater knowledge of nematode biology to achieve satisfactory results. Here, we provide an overview of nematode management practices that we believe will be relied upon heavily in U.S. high-value crop production systems in a world without methyl bromide. Included are case studies of U.S. high-value crop production systems to demonstrate how nematode management practices other than methyl bromide may be incorporated. C1 [Zasada, Inga A.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Halbrendt, John M.] Penn State Univ, Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Biglerville, PA 17307 USA. [Kokalis-Burelle, Nancy] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [LaMondia, James] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Windsor, CT 06095 USA. [McKenry, Michael V.] Univ Calif, Dept Nematol, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Noling, Joe W.] Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Zasada, IA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM inga.zasada@ars.usda.gov; jinh23@psu.edu; nancy.burelle@ars.usda.gov; james.lamondia@ct.gov; mckenry@ucr.edu; jnoling@ufl.edu NR 128 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 53 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4286 BN 978-0-8243-1348-7 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2010 VL 48 BP 311 EP 328 DI 10.1146/annurev-phyto-073009-114425 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BQX41 UT WOS:000282062400015 PM 20455696 ER PT S AU Schneider, DJ Collmer, A AF Schneider, David J. Collmer, Alan BE VanAlfen, NK Bruening, G Leach, JE TI Studying Plant-Pathogen Interactions in the Genomics Era: Beyond Molecular Koch's Postulates to Systems Biology SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, VOL 48 SE Annual Review of Phytopathology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE PAMP; PTI; ETI; Gene Ontology; necrotroph; host-selective toxin ID SYRINGAE PV. TOMATO; DISEASE-RESISTANCE GENE; FUNGUS COCHLIOBOLUS-CARBONUM; CAROTOVORA SUBSP ATROSEPTICA; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; INNATE IMMUNITY; ERWINIA-CAROTOVORA; EFFECTOR PROTEINS; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA AB Molecular factors enabling microbial pathogens to cause plant diseases have been sought with increasing efficacy over three research eras that successively introduced the tools of disease physiology, single-gene molecular genetics, and genomics. From this work emerged a unified model of the interactions of biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens, which posits that successful pathogens typically defeat two levels of plant defense by translocating cytoplasmic effectors that suppress the first defense (surface arrayed against microbial signatures) while evading the second defense (internally arrayed against effectors). As is predicted from this model and confirmed by sequence pattern-driven discovery of large repertoires of cytoplasmic effectors in the genomes of many pathogens, the coevolution of (hemi)biotrophic pathogens and their hosts has generated pathosystems featuring extreme complexity and apparent robustness. These findings highlight the need for a fourth research era of systems biology in which virulence factors are studied as pathosystem components, and pathosystems are studied for their emergent properties. C1 [Schneider, David J.] ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Schneider, David J.; Collmer, Alan] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Schneider, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM Dave.Schneider@ars.usda.gov; arc2@cornell.edu RI Schneider, David/H-2236-2012 OI Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385 NR 132 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 44 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4286 BN 978-0-8243-1348-7 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2010 VL 48 BP 457 EP 479 DI 10.1146/annurev-phyto-073009-114411 PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BQX41 UT WOS:000282062400022 PM 20687834 ER PT S AU Zhu, XG Long, SP Ort, DR AF Zhu, Xin-Guang Long, Stephen P. Ort, Donald R. BE Merchant, S Briggs, WR Ort, D TI Improving Photosynthetic Efficiency for Greater Yield SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY, VOL 61 SE Annual Review of Plant Biology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE crop yield; global climate change; photoprotection; photorespiration; Rubisco; systems biology ID RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE RUBISCO; RIBULOSE 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; MISCANTHUS X GIGANTEUS; C-4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CARBON ASSIMILATION; KRANZ ANATOMY; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII AB Increasing the yield potential of the major food grain crops has contributed very significantly to a rising food supply over the past 50 years, which has until recently more than kept pace with rising global demand. Whereas improved photosynthetic efficiency has played only a minor role in the remarkable increases in productivity achieved in the last half century, further increases in yield potential will rely in large part on improved photosynthesis. Here we examine inefficiencies in photosynthetic energy transduction in crops from light interception to carbohydrate synthesis, and how classical breeding, systems biology, and synthetic biology are providing new opportunities to develop more productive germplasm. Near-term opportunities include improving the display of leaves in crop canopies to avoid light saturation of individual leaves and further investigation of a photorespiratory bypass that has already improved the productivity of model species. Longer-term opportunities include engineering into plants carboxylases that are better adapted to current and forthcoming CO2 concentrations, and the use of modeling to guide molecular optimization of resource investment among the components of the photosynthetic apparatus, to maximize carbon gain without increasing crop inputs. Collectively, these changes have the potential to more than double the yield potential of our major crops. C1 [Zhu, Xin-Guang] SIBS, CAS MPG Partner Inst Computat Biol, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Xin-Guang] SIBS, Inst Plant Physiol & Ecol, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Xin-Guang; Long, Stephen P.; Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Long, Stephen P.; Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol & Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ort, Donald R.] ARS, Photosynthesis Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Zhu, XG (reprint author), SIBS, CAS MPG Partner Inst Computat Biol, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China. EM zhuxinguang@picb.ac.cn; slong@illinois.edu; d-ort@illinois.edu RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164 NR 144 TC 397 Z9 422 U1 44 U2 364 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1543-5008 BN 978-0-8243-0661-8 J9 ANNU REV PLANT BIOL JI Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. PY 2010 VL 61 BP 235 EP 261 DI 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112206 PG 27 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BPI54 UT WOS:000278924400011 PM 20192734 ER PT J AU O'Regan, E Quinn, T Frye, JG Pages, JM Porwollik, S Fedorka-Cray, PJ McClelland, M Fanning, S AF O'Regan, Edel Quinn, Teresa Frye, Jonathan G. Pages, Jean-Marie Porwollik, Steffen Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. McClelland, Michael Fanning, Seamus TI Fitness Costs and Stability of a High-Level Ciprofloxacin Resistance Phenotype in Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis: Reduced Infectivity Associated with Decreased Expression of Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 Genes SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; MULTIDRUG EFFLUX PUMP; SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; QUINOLONE-RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ACTIVE EFFLUX; VIRULENCE; INVASION AB The fitness costs associated with high-level fluoroquinolone resistance were examined for phenotypically and genotypically characterized ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis mutants (104-cip and 5408-cip; MIC, > 32 mu g/ml). The stability of the fluoroquinolone resistance phenotype in both mutants was investigated to assess whether clones with better fitness could emerge in the absence of antibiotic selective pressure. Mutants 104-cip and 5408-cip displayed altered morphology on agar and by electron microscopy, reduced growth rates, motility and invasiveness in Caco-2 cells, and increased sensitivity to environmental stresses. Microarray data revealed decreased expression of virulence and motility genes in both mutants. Two clones, 104-revert and 1A-revertC2, with ciprofloxacin MICs of 3 and 2 mu g/ml, respectively, were recovered from separate lineages of 104-cip after 20 and 70 passages, respectively, on antibiotic-free agar. All fitness costs, except motility, were reversed in 104-revert. Potential mechanisms associated with reversal of the resistance phenotype were examined. Compared to 104-cip, both 104-revert and 1A-revertC2 showed decreased expression of acrB and soxS but still overexpressed marA. Both acquired additional mutations in SoxR and ParC, and 1A-revertC2 acquired two mutations in MarA. The altered porin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) profiles observed in 104-cip were reversed. In contrast, 5408-cip showed no reversal in fitness costs and maintained its high-level ciprofloxacin resistance for 200 passages on antibiotic-free agar. In conclusion, high-level ciprofloxacin resistance in S. Enteritidis is associated with fitness costs. In the absence of antibiotic selection pressure, isolates may acquire mutations enabling reversion to an intermediate-level ciprofloxacin resistance phenotype associated with less significant fitness costs. C1 [O'Regan, Edel; Quinn, Teresa; Fanning, Seamus] Univ Coll Dublin, Ctr Food Borne Zoon, UCD Vet Sci Ctr, Dublin 4, Ireland. [O'Regan, Edel; Quinn, Teresa; Fanning, Seamus] Univ Coll Dublin, Ctr Food Safety, UCD Vet Sci Ctr, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Frye, Jonathan G.; Fedorka-Cray, Paula J.] ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Pages, Jean-Marie] Fac Med & Pharm, UMR MD1, F-13385 Marseille 05, France. [Porwollik, Steffen; McClelland, Michael] Vaccine Res Inst San Diego, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Fanning, S (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, Ctr Food Safety, UCD Vet Sci Ctr, Dublin 4, Ireland. EM sfanning@ucd.ie RI McClelland, Michael/A-8583-2011; Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013; PAGES, jean-marie/F-2555-2013; OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395; PAGES, jean-marie/0000-0001-7092-7977; Fanning, Seamus/0000-0002-1922-8836; McClelland, Michael/0000-0003-1788-9347 FU COST Action [BM0701]; National Institutes of Health [1R01AI075093] FX This work was supported in part by COST Action BM0701 ATENS. S. P. and M. M. were supported by National Institutes of Health grant 1R01AI075093. NR 47 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 54 IS 1 BP 367 EP 374 DI 10.1128/AAC.00801-09 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 534XQ UT WOS:000272931200048 PM 19917752 ER PT J AU Mulligan, K Stephensen, CB Van Loan, MD Hazra, R Bethel, J Rutledge, BN Pan, CG Flynn, PM Lujan-Zilberman, J Kiser, JJ Baker, AM Liu, NX Kapogiannis, BG Worrell, C Wilson, CM Havens, PL AF Mulligan, K. Stephensen, C. B. Van Loan, M. D. Hazra, R. Bethel, J. Rutledge, B. N. Pan, C. G. Flynn, P. M. Lujan-Zilberman, J. Kiser, J. J. Baker, A. M. Liu, N. X. Kapogiannis, B. G. Worrell, C. Wilson, C. M. Havens, P. L. TI Evidence of renal tubular impairment and increased bone turnover in HIV-infected adolescents and young adults on tenofovir-containing combination antiretroviral therapy (cART): baseline results of Adolescent Trials Network (ATN) study 063 SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Co-Morbidities in HIV CY NOV 04-06, 2010 CL London, ENGLAND C1 [Mulligan, K.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Stephensen, C. B.; Van Loan, M. D.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hazra, R.; Kapogiannis, B. G.; Worrell, C.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Bethel, J.; Rutledge, B. N.; Liu, N. X.] WESTAT Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Pan, C. G.; Havens, P. L.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Flynn, P. M.] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Lujan-Zilberman, J.] Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Tampa, FL USA. [Kiser, J. J.] Univ Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO USA. [Baker, A. M.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Wilson, C. M.] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2010 VL 15 IS 8 BP A18 EP A19 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 722KN UT WOS:000287431200037 ER PT J AU Mulligan, K Stephensen, CB Van Loan, MD Hazra, R Bethel, J Rutledge, BN Pan, CG Flynn, PM Lujan-Zilberman, J Kiser, JJ Baker, AM Liu, NX Kapogiannis, BG Worrell, C Wilson, CM Havens, PL AF Mulligan, K. Stephensen, C. B. Van Loan, M. D. Hazra, R. Bethel, J. Rutledge, B. N. Pan, C. G. Flynn, P. M. Lujan-Zilberman, J. Kiser, J. J. Baker, A. M. Liu, N. X. Kapogiannis, B. G. Worrell, C. Wilson, C. M. Havens, P. L. TI Evidence of renal tubular impairment and increased bone turnover in HIV-infected adolescents and young adults on tewnofovir-containing combination antiretroviral therapy (cART): baseline results of Adolescent Trials Network (ATN) study 063 SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Co-Morbidities in HIV CY NOV 04-06, 2010 CL London, ENGLAND C1 [Mulligan, K.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Stephensen, C. B.; Van Loan, M. D.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hazra, R.; Worrell, C.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Bethel, J.; Rutledge, B. N.; Liu, N. X.] WESTAT Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Pan, C. G.; Havens, P. L.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Flynn, P. M.] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Lujan-Zilberman, J.] Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Tampa, FL USA. [Kiser, J. J.] Univ Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO USA. [Baker, A. M.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Wilson, C. M.] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2010 VL 15 SU 4 BP A18 EP A19 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 722KQ UT WOS:000287431500023 ER PT J AU Schafer, MO Ritter, W Pettis, J Neumann, P AF Schaefer, Marc Oliver Ritter, Wolfgang Pettis, Jeff Neumann, Peter TI Small hive beetles, Aethina tumida, are vectors of Paenibacillus larvae SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; AFB; American foulbrood; Paenibacillus larvae; small hive beetle; vector ID HONEY-BEES; AMERICAN FOULBROOD; BACILLUS-LARVAE; NITIDULIDAE; COLEOPTERA; APIARIES; COLONIES; BIOLOGY; SPORES AB The transmission of honeybee pathogens by free-flying pests, such as small hive beetles (=SHB), would be independent of bees and beekeepers and thereby constitute a new challenge for pathogen control measures. Here we show that larval and adult SHB become contaminated with Paenibacillus larvae spores when exposed to honeybee brood combs with clinical American foulbrood (=AFB) symptoms in the laboratory. This contamination persists in pupae and newly emerged adults. After exposure to contaminated adult SHB, honeybee field colonies showed higher numbers of P. larvae spores in worker and honey samples after five weeks. Despite these results, the rather low number of P. larvae spores on adult SHB suggests that clinical AFB outbreaks are not likely. However, even small spore numbers can be sufficient to spread P. larvae. Therefore, our data clearly show that SHB are vectors of P. larvae. We suggest considering the role of SHB in AFB control in areas where both pests are established. C1 [Schaefer, Marc Oliver; Ritter, Wolfgang] CVUA, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. [Pettis, Jeff] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Schaefer, Marc Oliver; Neumann, Peter] Swiss Bee Res Ctr, Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [Neumann, Peter] Yunnan Agr Univ, Eastern Bee Res Inst, Kunming, Peoples R China. [Neumann, Peter] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. RP Schafer, MO (reprint author), CVUA, Moosweiher 2, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. EM marcoliver.schaefer@alp.admin.ch FU German Federal Ministry for Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture FX We would like to thank Dorothee Hoffmann, Levi, Nathan Rice, Andrew Ulsamer and Smith from the USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory in Beltsville, USA, for their kind support. Financial support was granted by the German Federal Ministry for Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture [MS, WR, PN]. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 15 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 41 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1051/apido/2009037 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 536NH UT WOS:000273050600002 ER PT J AU Vahey, DW Considine, JM AF Vahey, David W. Considine, John M. TI Tests for z-direction fibre orientation in paper SO APPITA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Fibre tilt; grain; felting; z-direction; directionality; running direction; extension; shear; Scott internal bond; brightness; tape pull; fibre pull; ply-bond; sheet-splitting; Student's t-test; confidence; significance; Fourdrinier; rush; drag; cross flows AB Fibres that acquire a z-direction tilt in the forming process help bond adjacent strata of the paper sheet, increasing z-direction shear. Fibre tilt manifests itself as a measurement difference when directionally sensitive tests are conducted "toward headbox" or "toward reel." Seven of eight different paper grades ranging in grammage from 73 to 268 g/m(2) were found to show this difference for Scott-internal-bond tests, directional-brightness tests, or both. Test results were compared for 1800 rotations in the machine direction and cross-machine direction. Three-eights of the rotations showed significant directional effects at the 75-100% confidence level, including roughly equal numbers of Scott bond and brightness tests. However, the two tests did not reinforce each other strongly, possibly because of depth variations in z-direction tilt. A model emphasizing tilt of MD fibres caused by rush or drag conditions was well supported by Scott-bond testing. Directional effects in CD testing appear to require a more complex model based on cross flows in the forming section. C1 [Vahey, David W.; Considine, John M.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Vahey, DW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RI Considine, John/F-8854-2010 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU APPITA PI CARLTON PA CARLTON CLOCK TOWER, STE 47 255 DRUMMOND ST, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 1038-6807 J9 APPITA J JI Appita J. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 63 IS 1 BP 27 EP + PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 549KL UT WOS:000274047400005 ER PT J AU Wall, SK Zhang, JY Rostagno, MH Ebner, PD AF Wall, Samantha K. Zhang, Jiayi Rostagno, Marcos H. Ebner, Paul D. TI Phage Therapy To Reduce Preprocessing Salmonella Infections in Market-Weight Swine SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI COLONIZATION; BROILER-CHICKENS; BACTERIOPHAGES; ENTERICA; PIGS; TYPHIMURIUM; PREVALENCE; LAIRAGE; CONTAMINATION; ENVIRONMENT AB Contamination of meat products with food-borne pathogens usually results from the carcass coming in contact with the feces of an infected animal during processing. In the case of Salmonella, pigs can become colonized with the organism during transport and lairage from contaminated trailers and holding pens, resulting in increased pathogen shedding just prior to processing. Increased shedding, in turn, amplifies the likelihood of carcass contamination by magnifying the amount of bacteria that enters the processing facility. We conducted a series of experiments to test whether phage therapy could limit Salmonella infections at this crucial period. In a preliminary experiment done with small pigs (3 to 4 weeks old; 30 to 40 lb), administration of an anti-Salmonella phage cocktail at the time of inoculation with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium reduced Salmonella colonization by 99.0 to 99.9% (2- to 3-log reduction) in the tonsils, ileum, and cecum. To test the efficacy of phage therapy in a production-like setting, we inoculated four market-weight pigs (in three replicates) with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and allowed the challenged pigs to contaminate a holding pen for 48 h. Sixteen naive pigs were randomly split into two groups which received either the anti-Salmonella phage cocktail or a mock treatment. Both groups of pigs were comingled with the challenged pigs in the contaminated pen. Treatment with the anti-Salmonella phage cocktail significantly reduced cecal Salmonella concentrations (95%; P < 0.05) while also reducing (numerically) ileal Salmonella concentrations (90%; P = 0.06). Additional in vitro studies showed that the phage cocktail was also lytic against several non-Typhimurium serovars. C1 [Ebner, Paul D.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. ARS, USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ebner, PD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM pebner@purdue.edu OI Wall, Samantha/0000-0002-5734-6999 FU National Pork Board [06-167] FX This work was supported by NPB grant 06-167 from the National Pork Board. NR 31 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 76 IS 1 BP 48 EP 53 DI 10.1128/AEM.00785-09 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 535TB UT WOS:000272992800004 PM 19854929 ER PT J AU McCormick, SP Alexander, NJ Harris, LJ AF McCormick, S. P. Alexander, N. J. Harris, L. J. TI CLM1 of Fusarium graminearum Encodes a Longiborneol Synthase Required for Culmorin Production SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SESQUITERPENE CYCLASE; SECONDARY METABOLITES; TOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; ARTEMISIA-ANNUA; GENE; SPOROTRICHIOIDES; EXPRESSION; STRAINS; RESISTANCE AB Fusarium graminearum is a fungal pathogen of cereal crops (e.g., wheat, barley, maize) and produces a number of mycotoxins, including 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, butenolide, zearalenone, and culmorin. To identify a biosynthetic gene for the culmorin pathway, an expressed-sequence-tag database was examined for terpene cyclase genes. A gene designated CLM1 was expressed under trichothecene-inducing conditions. Expression of CLM1 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) resulted in the production of a sesquiterpene alcohol, longiborneol, which has the same ring structure as culmorin. Gene disruption and add-back experiments in F. graminearum showed that CLM1 was required for culmorin biosynthesis. CLM1 gene disruptants were able to convert exogenously added longiborneol to culmorin. Longiborneol accumulated transiently in culmorin-producing strains. The results indicate that CLM1 encodes a longiborneol synthase and is required for culmorin biosynthesis in F. graminearum. C1 [McCormick, S. P.; Alexander, N. J.] ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Harris, L. J.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. RP McCormick, SP (reprint author), ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Susan.McCormick@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 76 IS 1 BP 136 EP 141 DI 10.1128/AEM.02017-09 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 535TB UT WOS:000272992800015 PM 19880637 ER PT J AU Whitworth, J Zhang, YB Bono, J Pleydell, E French, N Besser, T AF Whitworth, Joshua Zhang, Yubei Bono, James Pleydell, Eve French, Nigel Besser, Thomas TI Diverse Genetic Markers Concordantly Identify Bovine Origin Escherichia coli O157 Genotypes Underrepresented in Human Disease SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; VIRULENCE; SUBPOPULATIONS; POLYMORPHISMS; OUTBREAKS; EVOLUTION; STRAINS; CATTLE AB Genetic markers previously reported to occur at significantly different frequencies in isolates of Escherichia coli O157:H7 obtained from cattle and from clinically affected humans concordantly delineate at least five genetic groups. Isolates in three of these groups consistently carry one or more markers rarely found among clinical isolates. C1 [Whitworth, Joshua; Zhang, Yubei; Besser, Thomas] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Bono, James] ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Pleydell, Eve; French, Nigel] Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Besser, T (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, POB 647040, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM tbesser@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011; Pleydell, Eve/C-6971-2012; French, Nigel/F-5725-2011 FU NIAID NIH [N01-AI-30055]; Agricultural Animal Health Program, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman FX This work was funded in part by NIAID NIH contract N01-AI-30055 and by the Agricultural Animal Health Program, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 76 IS 1 BP 361 EP 365 DI 10.1128/AEM.01761-09 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 535TB UT WOS:000272992800042 PM 19880648 ER PT J AU Tsakiridou, E Somwaru, A Mattas, K AF Tsakiridou, Efthimia Somwaru, Agapi Mattas, Konstadinos TI Middle East and North Africa countries' agricultural export potentials under trade reforms SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID COINTEGRATION; ORGANIZATION AB Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries' future stand in the world's economy depends to a large extent on the potentials of their agriculture to perform in a free trade world. European Union (EU) is the largest market for agricultural products of MENA countries, though new outlets and new partnerships can expand the market of their products. Enhancing agriculture's potentials safeguards the economy's general expansion and impede the flee of MENA countries' huge labour reserves to the developed world. In this work, introducing a few possible trade reforms, a general equilibrium model is employed to assess the impacts upon region's export potentials and welfare changes. Selecting certain distinct scenarios from a wide spectrum of anticipated trade reforms, and feeding them into the model, insights on the direction of the expected changes and rough estimates of accrued benefits can be extracted. The model results suggest that the region might benefit the most under special provisions for developing countries in a World Trade Organization (WTO) agreement, while in the case of EU-Med agreement, agricultural trade will benefit MENA countries and can induce economic growth through the expansion of agricultural exports. C1 [Tsakiridou, Efthimia; Mattas, Konstadinos] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Agr Econ, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Somwaru, Agapi] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Mattas, K (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Agr Econ, POB 225, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PY 2010 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1591 EP 1599 AR PII 910360384 DI 10.1080/00036840701721497 PG 9 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 596NZ UT WOS:000277693200010 ER PT J AU Arnade, C Pick, D Gopinath, M AF Arnade, Carlos Pick, Daniel Gopinath, Munisamy TI Demand estimation when some prices are unobserved: an application to fresh lettuce SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; EQUATIONS AB This study proposes a linear two-stage approach to derive prices of observations when reported consumption is zero. In the first stage, demand equations are estimated using an ad hoc filling of unobserved prices. Then, each estimated demand equation is solved for price and a numerical estimate of the price, which drives consumption to zero, referred to as the choke price, is calculated. The demand equations are re-estimated with the choke-price series replacing the initial ad hoc prices. Although differing claims can be made on the appropriateness of the chosen method for filling prices, we demonstrate significant differences in statistical fit of the demand model and own-price demand elasticities among alternative approaches. C1 [Arnade, Carlos; Pick, Daniel] Econ Res Serv, Specialty Crops Branch, Markets & Trade Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Gopinath, Munisamy] Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pick, D (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, Specialty Crops Branch, Markets & Trade Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC USA. EM dpick@ers.usda.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1350-4851 J9 APPL ECON LETT JI Appl. Econ. Lett. PY 2010 VL 17 IS 17 BP 1641 EP 1646 AR PII 919678698 DI 10.1080/13504850903166165 PG 6 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 673VB UT WOS:000283690800001 ER PT J AU Armijo, CB Gillum, MN AF Armijo, C. B. Gillum, M. N. TI CONVENTIONAL AND HIGH-SPEED ROLLER GINNING OF UPLAND COTTON IN COMMERCIAL GINS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Roller ginning; Upland cotton; Fiber quality; Cottonseed quality ID STAND; KNIFE AB A conventional rotary-knife, roller gin stand in a commercial ginning plant was converted to operate at high speed during the 2005 ginning season. Ginning rate on the high-speed stand was more than three times higher than a conventional roller gin stand. The ginning roller on the high-speed stand operated at normal temperature. A field test was conducted at the commercial ginning plant to compare roller ginning and saw ginning using one cultivar of upland cotton. The field test included the high-speed roller gin stand along with 11 conventional roller gin stands, and two saw gin stands. Fiber properties front the field test showed that HVI color grade, staple length, length uniformity, and fiber value were improved when using roller gin stands. Results front the 2006 California crop showed similar improvements in staple length and length uniformity when comparing roller-ginned upland cotton and saw-ginned upland cotton. Textile, mills that value the significance of improved fiber properties were willing to pay a premium for roller-ginned upland cotton. Between 2005 and 2009, there were 48 roller gin stands converted to high speed, and 25 new high-speed roller gins sold. Life of the ginning roller oil high-speed roller gin stands during 2006 was slightly less than conventional roller gin stands, but roller life improved in 2007-08 with use of variable frequency drives that may optimize ginning roller wear Evaluation of high-speed roller ginning in commercial ginning plants will continue. C1 [Armijo, C. B.; Gillum, M. N.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Area, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. RP Armijo, CB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Area, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, POB 578, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM cararmij@nmsu.edu FU Cotton Incorporated (Cary, N.C.) FX The authors would like to thank Cotton Incorporated (Cary, N.C.) for their financial assistance, and the Glenbar Gin (Pima, Ariz.) for use of their ginning plant. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 572OA UT WOS:000275841100001 ER PT J AU Fritz, BK Hoffmann, WC Bagley, WE AF Fritz, B. K. Hoffmann, W. C. Bagley, W. E. TI EFFECTS OF SPRAY MIXTURES ON DROPLET SIZE UNDER AERIAL APPLICATION CONDITIONS AND IMPLICATIONS ON DRIFT SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Aerial application; Glyphosate; Spray adjuvant; Droplet size; Spray drift; AGDISP ID NOZZLES AB There is a concerted effort within the spray application industry to develop and implement a Drift Reduction Technology (DRT) Program, which would encourage applicators to adopt technologies that are shown to mitigate off-target movement of sprays. The use of simulated or mimic sprays for atomization studies in high-speed wind tunnels allow researchers to limit the amount of active ingredients used in spray tests and facilitate the testing and certification of DRTs. However, it is important that these simulated and mimic sprays have the same physical and atomization characteristics of sprays containing active ingredients. Studies were conducted to compare droplet size generation front four spray formulations, one of which was all active ingredient and three which were potential mimics and to use the collected data to examine all application management practice as a potential DRT These sprays were atomized using two nozzles placed in high-speed airstreams (45 to 63 m/s in 2-m/s increments) in a wind tunnel and the droplet spectra measured via a laser diffraction instrument. In general, the volume median diameter (VMD) decreased by 30% to 50% as the airspeed increased. There were significant differences in droplet size between mimic sprays and those with active ingredient sprays. Results front AGDISP modeling showed increased downwind deposition with increased airspeed as a result of the increased number of finer droplets in the spray. The AGDISP results also showed differing amounts of downwind deposition at similar airspeeds front the different formulations. Downwind deposition modeling based on a simulated multi-pass spray application with reduced airspeeds near the downwind spray area border showed that the addition of the slower-speed passes near file edge call reduce total off-target movement. The results front these studies show that while mimic and simulated sprays call give similar atomization results and follow similar trends in effects of droplet size front changes in airspeed, active ingredients call have a significant effect on the atomization of spray solutions. C1 [Fritz, B. K.; Hoffmann, W. C.] ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Bagley, W. E.] Wilbur Ellis Co, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Fritz, BK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM brad.fritz@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Defence through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) FX The authors would like to thank P. Jank, C. Harris, and L. Denham for their help on this project. This study was supported in part by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program, funded by the U.S. Department of Defence through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB). Appreciation is also expressed to Carolyn Baecker, CP Products Inc., for providing the nozzles for this study. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 572OA UT WOS:000275841100003 ER PT J AU Evans, RG Stevens, WB Iversen, WM AF Evans, R. G. Stevens, W. B. Iversen, W. M. TI DEVELOPMENT OF STRIP TILLAGE ON SPRINKLER IRRIGATED SUGARBEET SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Conservation tillage; Zone till; Inter-till; Soil erosion; Crop residue; Minimum till ID CROWN TISSUE PRODUCTION; LEPA IRRIGATION; N-FERTILIZATION; REDUCED-TILLAGE; WATER-SUPPLIES; SYSTEMS; YIELD; MANAGEMENT; QUALITY AB A project to evaluate new technologies for strip tillage of small seeded crops was initiated in fall 2003 near Sidney, Montana, for sprinkler irrigated sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) to be grown in 2004. Strip till treatments were compared to conventional grower tillage practices in fifty-six 15- X 25-m (48- X 80-ft) side-by-side plots. Both treatments were flat planted with no ridges or beds. All strip tillage and fertilization was done in the fall after removal of a mail barley crop. Conventional tillage was done in file fall at the Sidney site and in the spring at the Nesson site. Thirty-centimeter (12-in.) wide strips were filled directly into the straw residues about 20 cm (8 in.) deep using straight and paired flitted coulters and a modified parabolic ripping shank followed by a crows-foot packer wheel. Toothed-wheel row cleaners were installed in front of the straight coulter to move loose residue to the side to avoid plugging. At the same time, dry fertilizer was shanked (banded) about 8 to 13 cm (3 to 5 in.) below the anticipated seed placement location. Sugarbeet were planted about 2.5 cm (I in.) deep with 60-cm (24-in.) spacing between rows in the spring. Toothed-wheel row cleaners were also placed in front of each row Oil the planter to move any residue displaced by winter storms. Operation of the strip tillage machine required about 25 tractor horsepower per row, but substantial fuel savings were realized with this system by reducing file number of tractor equipment field passes by tip to 75%. In 2004, 2006, 2007, and 2008 there were no significant differences in yields or sugar production between the two tillage treatments; however in 2005 the strip tilled plots produced about 17% greater yields (tonnage and gross sugar). This benefit in 2005 was primarily due to the standing straw stubble in the strip tilled plots that protected sugarbeet seedlings from blowing soil during a spring wind storm that severely damaged seedlings in the conventionally tilled plots where there was no surface crop residue. It was concluded that strip tillage must be considered as part of a larger cropping system that affects timing and equipment choices for planting, cultivation, spraying, and harvesting (is well (is tillage and other cultural practices. Based oil these results, it is generally recommended that strip tillage should be performed in the fall oil clay soils in eastern Montana where it has been shown to result in better seedbed conditions than spring strip tillage. Whereas lighter, sandy soils would probably produce equally well when strip tilled in the spring, which could then be combined with planting into a single pass tillage, fertilizing, and planting operation. Banding fertilizer is highly recommended under strip till to increase fertilizer use efficiencies and reduce input costs. RTK-GPS guided steering in combination with some type (if mechanical steering assistance on the implements are also recommended for both strip filling, planting, and cultivation (if needed). C1 [Evans, R. G.; Stevens, W. B.; Iversen, W. M.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Agr Syst Res Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Evans, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Agr Syst Res Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM Robert.Evans@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 59 EP 69 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 572OA UT WOS:000275841100007 ER PT J AU King, BA Wall, RW Winward, TW Bjorneberg, DL AF King, B. A. Wall, R. W. Winward, T. W. Bjorneberg, D. L. TI COLLECTOR DESIGN FOR MEASURING HIGH-INTENSITY TIME VARIANT SPRINKLER APPLICATION RATES SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Sprinkler irrigation; Center pivot; Application rate ID RAIN-GAUGE MEASUREMENTS AB Peak water application rate in relation to soil water infiltration rate and soil surface storage capacity is important in the design of center pivot sprinkler irrigation systems for efficient irrigation and soil erosion control. Measurement of application rates of center pivot irrigation systems has traditionally used tipping bucket rain gauges. Calculation of application rate front tipping bucket rain gauge measurements restricts computed application rate to a discrete multiple of the rain gauge resolution and time interval. This limits the resolution of application rate measurement, especially for time intervals less than 15 min. A collector was designed to measure time variant high-intensity sprinkler application rates tinder field conditions with greater resolution than a tipping bucket rain gauge. The collector funneled water into a 50-mm (2-in.) diameter tube providing a depth multiplication factor of 18.26:1. The depth of water in the tube was measured with a low pressure piezo-resistive pressure sensor connected to a differential amplifier circuit. Combination of the depth multiplication factor of the collector and differential amplifier circuit provided a collector resolution of 1.4 mm/mV (0.055 in./mV). A data logger was used to record. water depth in the collector tube during an irrigation event. A digital differentiating filter was designed and used to reduce the effect of random electrical noise in the sensor output oil calculated application rate. The collector was tested in the laboratory and tinder field conditions simulating center pivot sprinkler irrigation. For a range in application rates from 15 to 200 mm/h (0.7 to 8 in./h) and application depths from 20 to 35 mm (0.8 to 1.4 in.) in the laboratory, the maximum collector error was 2.1 mm/h (0.08 in./h). Collector-measured application rate patterns tinder field conditions were well-correlated to simulated application rate patterns using radial application rate profiles for the sprinklers tested. Collector-measured peak application rates were not significantly different front those predicted by the Kincaid (2005) model. The collector functioned as designed in field tests and provided an effective and efficient means of measuring high-intensity application rates front center pivot irrigation systems under field conditions. C1 [King, B. A.; Winward, T. W.; Bjorneberg, D. L.] ARS, USDA, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Wall, R. W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP King, BA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NWISRL, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM brad.king@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 572OA UT WOS:000275841100010 ER PT J AU Pearson, TC Wicklow, DT Brabec, DL AF Pearson, T. C. Wicklow, D. T. Brabec, D. L. TI CHARACTERISTICS AND SORTING OF WHITE FOOD CORN CONTAMINATED WITH MYCOTOXINS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Penicillium rubrum; Aflatoxin; Fumonisin; BGYF; Size ID AFLATOXIN ACCUMULATION; MAIZE; TRANSMITTANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE; FUMONISIN; KERNELS AB White corn grown in southern Texas was collected for characterization and evaluation of the feasibility of sorting kernels containing mycotoxins. Kernels were grouped into one of six symptom categories depending oil the degree of visible discoloration and bright green-yellow fluorescence (BGYF) or bright orange fluorescence (BOF). Kernels visibly discolored (>= 25% of their surface) and having BGYF contained over 57% of the aflatoxin. However, kernels approximately 50% discolored without BGYF contained over 35% of the aflatoxin. Over 33% of the fumonisin was found in kernels that were visibly discolored and had BOF. The remaining fumonisin was in asymptomatic kernels at low levels. Sorting tests for removing mycotoxin-contaminated kernels were performed using a dual wavelength high-speed commercial sorter In one pass through the sorter, aflatoxin was reduced by an average of 46%, and fumonisin was reduced by 57% while removing 4% to 9% of the corn. Re-sorting accepted kernels a second time resulted in an 88% reduction in aflatoxin while removing approximately 13% of the corn. Approximately half of the aflatoxin missed by the optical sorter was found in larger kernels showing BGYF but no other symptoms, with the remaining aflatoxin in smaller kernels where the germ was damaged by insect feeding. C1 [Pearson, T. C.; Brabec, D. L.] ARS, USDA, ERU, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Wicklow, D. T.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 66502 USA. RP Pearson, TC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ERU, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM thomas.pearson@ars.usda.gov FU Texas Corn Producers FX This work was funded with partial support from the Texas Corn Producers. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 109 EP 113 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 572OA UT WOS:000275841100012 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH Casada, ME AF Arthur, F. H. Casada, M. E. TI DIRECTIONAL FLOW OF SUMMER AERATION TO MANAGE INSECT PESTS IN STORED WHEAT SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Aeration; Insects; Temperature; Control; Wheat ID NEWLY HARVESTED WHEAT; RED WINTER-WHEAT; DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH; GRAIN ELEVATORS; KANSAS FARMS; COLEOPTERA; POPULATIONS; STORAGE; RICE; INFESTATION AB Field trials were conducted in metal wheat storage bins to determine whether pressure aeration, pushing ambient air front the bottom, or suction aeration, pulling air down from the top, would be more efficient at cooling the wheat mass and thereby limiting insect population growth. Aeration was accomplished at an approximate airflow rate of 0.22 to 0.37 m(3)/min/t and was done by adjusting thermostatic controllers to operate the aeration fans when ambient temperatures fell below specified thresholds. Summer and autumn cooling cycles using suction aeration cooled the warmest part of the bin, the top of the grain mass first, which resulted in lower overall wheat mass temperatures compared to pressure aeration, where the top of the grain mass always remained warmer than with suction aeration. This cooling effect was most pronounced in the upper surface of the grain mass, and insect pest populations as measured by pitfall traps were consistently less in bills with suction versus pressure aeration. Results seem to indicate that suction aeration would be more beneficial than pressure aeration for controlling insect pests in wheat stored in the southern plains of the United States. C1 [Arthur, F. H.; Casada, M. E.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Stored Prod Insect Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Stored Prod Insect Res Unit, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM frank.arthur@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 115 EP 122 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 572OA UT WOS:000275841100013 ER PT J AU Dowell, FE Maghirang, EB Jayaraman, V AF Dowell, F. E. Maghirang, E. B. Jayaraman, V. TI MEASURING GRAIN AND INSECT CHARACTERISTICS USING NIR LASER ARRAY TECHNOLOGY SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE NIR; Spectroscopy; Wheat; Insects; Near-infrared; Laser; Grading; Quality ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; WHEAT; KERNELS AB The potential of using a compact eight-wavelength near-infrared (NIR) laser array spectrometer for measuring wheat characteristics (hardness index, moisture content, and wavy character) and determining tsetse fly pupae sex was investigated and compared to a commercial single kernel near infrared (SKNIR) system. Wheat hardness was predicted accurately by both NIR systems and results were in close agreement with reference values. The accuracy of predicting moisture content by either system was similar with predicted values within 0.5% moisture content of the reference values. Waxy character was predicted by the laser system with less accuracy than the SKNIR system, but tsetse fly pupae sex was predicted with similar accuracies for both systems. Prediction equations derived from the laser spectra show that wavelengths influencing classification models generally agree with published literature. Thus, this research shows that a NIR laser array system can be used to predict some grain and insect traits with accuracy similar to a commercial NIR system and some predictions may be improved if other wavelengths are used in the laser array System. C1 [Dowell, F. E.; Maghirang, E. B.] ARS, USDA, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Jayaraman, V.] Praevium Res Inc, Santa Barbara, CA USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM floyd.dowell@ars.usda.gov FU Cooperative Research and Development Agreement [58-3K95-6-1139]; USDA [2005-33610-16158] FX The authors thank Lei Gong and Austin Taylor McFall for assisting in spectral data collection and data management, and FGIS (Kansas City, Mo.), Dr. Robert Graybosch, USDA ARS, and the International Atomic Energy Agency, Seibersdorf, Austria for providing samples. The authors thank Drs. Ning Wang, Oklahoma State University and Wenqiao Yuan, Kansas State University for comments on early versions of this manuscript. This project was funded through the Cooperative Research and Development Agreement No. 58-3K95-6-1139 with Praevium Research, Inc, under parent USDA SBIR phase II grant 2005-33610-16158 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 165 EP 169 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 572OA UT WOS:000275841100018 ER PT J AU Earle, KA Mainali, L Sahu, ID Schneider, DJ AF Earle, Keith A. Mainali, Laxman Sahu, Indra Dev Schneider, David J. TI Magnetic Resonance Spectra and Statistical Geometry SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID EPR AB Methods of statistical geometry are introduced which allow one to estimate, on the basis of computable criteria, the conditions under which maximally informative data may be collected. We note the important role of constraints which introduce curvature into parameter space and discuss the appropriate mathematical tools for treating curvature effects. Channel capacity, a term from communication theory, is suggested as a useful figure of merit for estimating the information content of spectra in the presence of noise. The tools introduced here are applied to the case of a model nitroxide system as a concrete example, but we stress that the methods described here are of general utility. C1 [Earle, Keith A.; Mainali, Laxman; Sahu, Indra Dev] SUNY Albany, Dept Phys, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Schneider, David J.] USDA ARS, RW Holley Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Schneider, David J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Earle, KA (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Phys, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM kearle@albany.edu RI Schneider, David/H-2236-2012 OI Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR016292-09, P41 RR016292-09S1, P41 RR016292, P41 RR016292-08] NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0937-9347 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 37 IS 1-4 BP 865 EP 880 DI 10.1007/s00723-009-0102-7 PG 16 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 524VW UT WOS:000272173500062 PM 20730032 ER PT J AU van Hage, WR Sini, M Finch, L Kolb, H Schreiber, G AF van Hage, Willem Robert Sini, Margherita Finch, Lori Kolb, Hap Schreiber, Guus TI The OAEI food task: An analysis of a thesaurus alignment task SO APPLIED ONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ontology matching; thesaurus; alignment; evaluation AB This paper describes the "food task" of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) 2006 and 2007. The OAEI** is a comparative evaluation effort to measure the quality of automatic ontology-alignment systems. The food task focuses on the alignment of thesauri in the agricultural domain. It aims at providing a realistic task for ontology-alignment systems by which the relative performance of the alignment systems can be evaluated. Research groups from around the world signed up their ontology-alignment system for the task. Each system automatically constructed an alignment. The alignments were then compared by means of statistical performance measures to get clues about which techniques work best for automatic ontology alignment. To complement this quantitative evaluation we performed an in-depth qualitative analysis of the results to draw conclusions about the strengths and weaknesses of the various alignment approaches and the specific challenges of thesaurus alignment and its evaluation. C1 [van Hage, Willem Robert; Kolb, Hap] TNO Sci & Ind, NL-2628 CK Delft, Netherlands. [van Hage, Willem Robert; Schreiber, Guus] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Sini, Margherita] Food & Agr Org United Nations FAO, Knowledge Exchange & Capac Bldg Div, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Finch, Lori] USDA, Natl Agr Lib, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP van Hage, WR (reprint author), TNO Sci & Ind, Stieltjesweg 1, NL-2628 CK Delft, Netherlands. EM wrvhage@few.vu.nl FU Dutch BSIK FX We would like to thank the NAL and FAO for allowing us to use their thesauri and for the time and resources they committed to this work. Our special gratitude goes to everybody that helped with the assessment of the alignment samples: Gudrun Johannsen and Caterina Caracciolo at the FAO, Nicole Koenderink, Hajo Rijgersberg, and Lars Hulzebos at the Wageningen Agricultural University, Fred van de Brug and Marco Bouman at TNO Quality of life, and Evangelos Alexopoulos at Unilever, and everybody at the EKAW 2006 workshop who took part in the inter-judge agreement experiment. Furthermore, we would like to thank the participants of the ECOTERM 2007 workshop for valuable discussions. This work was partly supported by the Dutch BSIK project Virtual Laboratory for e-science (http://www.vle.nl). NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-5838 J9 APPL ONTOL JI Appl. Ontol. PY 2010 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.3233/AO-2010-0072 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 769FH UT WOS:000290995900001 ER PT J AU Delwiche, SR Reeves, JB AF Delwiche, Stephen R. Reeves, James B., III TI A Graphical Method to Evaluate Spectral Preprocessing in Multivariate Regression Calibrations: Example with Savitzky-Golay Filters and Partial Least Squares Regression SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Preprocessing; Savitzky-Golay; Near-infrared spectroscopy; NIR spectroscopy; Partial least squares; PLS; Derivative; Smoothing; Regression ID DIFFERENTIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; MIXTURES; WHEAT; NIR AB In multivariate regression analysis of spectroscopy data, spectral preprocessing is often performed to reduce unwanted background information (offsets, sloped baselines) or accentuate absorption features in intrinsically overlapping bands. These procedures, also known as pretreatments, are commonly smoothing operations or derivatives. While such operations are often useful in reducing the number of latent variables of the actual decomposition and lowering residual error, they also run the risk of misleading the practitioner into accepting calibration equations that are poorly adapted to samples outside of the calibration. The current study developed a graphical method to examine this effect oil partial least squares (PI,S) regression calibrations of near-infrared (NIR) reflection spectra of ground wheat meal with two analytes, protein content and sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation (SDS) volume (an indicator of the quantity of the gluten proteins that contribute to strong doughs). These two properties were chosen because of their differing abilities to be modeled by NIR spectroscopy: excellent for protein content, fair for SDS sedimentation volume. To further demonstrate the potential pitfalls of preprocessing, an artificial component, a randomly generated value, was included in PLS regression trials. Savitzky-Golay (digital filter) smoothing, first-derivative, and second-derivative preprocess functions (5 to 25 centrally symmetric convolution points, derived from quadratic polynomials) were applied to PLS calibrations of 1 to 15 factors. The results demonstrated the danger of all over reliance on preprocessing when (1) the number of samples used in a multivariate calibration is low (<50), (2) the spectral response of the analyte is weak, and (3) the goodness of the calibration is based on the coefficient of determination (R(2)) rather than a term based on residual error. The graphical method has application to the evaluation of other preprocess functions and various types of spectroscopy data. C1 [Delwiche, Stephen R.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Reeves, James B., III] ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Qual Lab, Bldg 303,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM stephen.delwiche@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 64 IS 1 BP 73 EP 82 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 543CV UT WOS:000273548500012 PM 20132601 ER PT J AU Hawkins, SA Park, B Poole, GH Gottwald, T Windham, WR Lawrence, KC AF Hawkins, Samantha A. Park, Bosoon Poole, Gavin H. Gottwald, Timothy Windham, William R. Lawrence, Kurt C. TI Detection of Citrus Huanglongbing by Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Citrus greening disease; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Attenuated total reflection; FT-IR-ATR; Chemometrics; HLB ID SAO-PAULO STATE; REAL-TIME PCR; GREENING DISEASE; BACTERIAL CANKER; IDENTIFICATION; FLORIDA; BRAZIL AB Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB, also known as citrus greening disease) was discovered in Florida in 2005 and is spreading rapidly amongst the citrus growing regions of the state. Detection via visual symptoms of the disease is not a long-term viable option. New techniques are being developed to test for the disease in its earlier presymptomatic stages. Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FT-IR-ATR) spectroscopy is a candidate for rapid, inexpensive, early detection of the disease. The mid-infrared region of the spectrum reveals dramatic changes that take place in the infected leaves when compared to healthy non-infected leaves. The carbohydrates that give rise to peaks in the 900-1180 cm(-1) range are reliable in distinguishing leaves from infected plants versus non-infected plants. A model based on chemometrics was developed using the spectra from 179 plants of known disease status. This model then correctly predicted the status of >95% of the plants tested. C1 [Hawkins, Samantha A.; Park, Bosoon; Windham, William R.; Lawrence, Kurt C.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Poole, Gavin H.; Gottwald, Timothy] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Hawkins, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM samantha.hawkins@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 13 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 64 IS 1 BP 100 EP 103 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 543CV UT WOS:000273548500015 PM 20132604 ER PT J AU Uchimiya, M Stone, AT AF Uchimiya, Minori Stone, Alan T. TI Reduction of Substituted p-Benzoquinones by Fe-II Near Neutral pH SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ferrous ion; Hydroquinones; Benzoquinones; Kinetics; Electron transfer ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; FE(III) REDUCTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; IRON-OXIDES; QUINONE; OXIDATION; KINETICS AB The oxidation of dihydroxyaromatics to benzoquinones by Fe-III (hydr)oxides is important in respiratory electron shuttling by microorganisms and has been extensively studied. Prior publications have noted that the Gibbs Free Energy (Delta G) for the forward reaction is sensitive to dihydroxyaromatic structure, pH, and concentrations of reactants and products. Here, we address the back reaction, benzoquinone reduction by Fe-II. Rates markedly increase with increasing pH, in accord with increases in Delta G. Ring substituents that raise the potential of the p-benzoquinone/hydroquinone half reaction raise reaction rates: -OCH3 < -CH3 < -C6H5 < -H < -Cl. p-Naphthoquinone, with a reduction potential lower than the five substituted p-benzoquinones just listed, yields the lowest reaction rates. The complexity of the reaction is reflected in lag periods and less-pronounced S-shaped time course curves. Benzoquinone reduction by Fe-II may be an important link in networks of electron transport taking place in suboxic and anoxic environments. C1 [Stone, Alan T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Uchimiya, Minori] USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Stone, AT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, 313 Ames Hall, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM astone@jhu.edu RI Stone, Alan/A-2569-2010 OI Stone, Alan/0000-0002-3660-1129 FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2002-35107-11572] FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, grant number 2002-35107-11572. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1380-6165 J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM JI Aquat. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 173 EP 188 DI 10.1007/s10498-009-9077-0 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 530SZ UT WOS:000272613900008 ER PT B AU Nagahashi, G Douds, DD Ferhatoglu, Y AF Nagahashi, Gerald Douds, David D. Ferhatoglu, Yurdagul BE Koltai, H Kapulnik, Y TI Functional Categories of Root Exudate Compounds and their Relevance to AM Fungal Growth SO ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAS: PHYSIOLOGY AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE AM fungi; Roots; Exudates; Components; Categories; Identification; Molecular mass; Functions ID ARBUSCULAR-MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; DICTYOSTELIUM-DISCOIDEUM; GERMINATION STIMULANT; PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY; GLOMUS-INTRARADICES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NONHOST ROOTS; ABSCISIC-ACID; CELL-WALLS; PLANT AB It is well established that plants grown under limited phosphorus (Pi) conditions are more readily colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. It is also known that certain components of host root exudates can stimulate hyphal growth and branching of AM fungi and these compounds are elevated when the host is grown under Pi stress. To obtain a more general picture of the types of compounds exuded by host roots that effect the growth of AM fungi, a global analysis was performed on crude exudates of Ri TDNA-transformed carrot roots grown in the presence and absence of Pi. The results show that there is a distinct population of exudate compounds that are elevated in the absence versus the presence of Pi. Putative identifications were made for some of these compounds from data obtained by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Mass Spectrometry (FTMS). The results were then compared to components of biologically active fractions purified by two dimensional thin layer chromatography (2D TLC). The data selection was restricted to compounds that were initially identified to be elevated in the crude Pi exudate. The categories of compounds, such as plant growth regulators, phenols, flavonoids, and sesquiterpenoids were selected that had the most relevance to AM fungal/host interactions. The previous results with some of these compounds will be discussed in relation to new results obtained from FTMS and their involvement in presymbiotic growth of AM fungi. None of the reported strigolactones which stimulate AM fungi hyphal were found although several sesquiterpene lactones were identified. A number of hydroxy fatty acids were also found, and they were elevated in the Pi crude exudate and found to be present in 2D TLC fractions. One hydroxy fatty acid, 2-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, stimulated lateral branching of the primary germ tube of Gigaspora gigantea, when applied to Petri dishes in amounts as low as 1-10 ng. C1 [Nagahashi, Gerald; Douds, David D.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Ferhatoglu, Yurdagul] Phenomenome Discoveries, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4L8, Canada. RP Douds, DD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM David.douds@ars.usda.gov NR 71 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-9488-9 PY 2010 BP 33 EP 56 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9489-6_2 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9489-6 PG 24 WC Plant Sciences; Microbiology SC Plant Sciences; Microbiology GA BQU37 UT WOS:000281865300002 ER PT J AU Borchgrevink, MB Derner, JD Weston, TR Olson, RA Schuman, GE Hess, BW AF Borchgrevink, Matt B. Derner, Justin D. Weston, Terrill R. Olson, Richard A. Schuman, Gerald E. Hess, Bret W. TI Small Mammal and Plant Community Responses to Mechanical Disturbance and Rest in Wyoming Big Sagebrush Grassland SO ARID LAND RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE deer mice; northern grasshopper mouse; sagebrush vole; species diversity; species richness ID DENSITY-ESTIMATION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; GREAT PLAINS; HABITAT USE; POPULATIONS; COMPLEXITY; ABUNDANCE; RODENTS; FOOD; WEB AB Our aim in this study was to evaluate short-term (2 years) responses of several attributes of small mammal populations (species richness, abundance, diversity, and similarity) and plant community dynamics (species richness, canopy cover, above-ground biomass production, and diversity) to the mechanical disturbance associated with interseeding. Small mammal live trapping and vegetation sampling were conducted in 2004 and 2005 on replicated 1ha study plots in a native Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt ssp. wyomingensis Beetle Young)-grassland that were: 1) mechanically disturbed in April 2003 and rested from grazing during the study (mechanical); 2) rested from grazing (rested); and 3) moderately grazed by cattle (grazed). Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), northern grasshopper mouse (Onychomys leucogaster), and sagebrush vole (Lemmiscus curtatus) were the primary small mammal species captured during 7776 trap nights in 2004 and 2005. Small mammal diversity was greater for the mechanical (H'=1.22) than the rested (H'=0.85) treatment with the grazed treatment intermediate. Plant community variables of species richness, diversity, similarity, and above-ground biomass production did not differ among treatments. Canopy cover of the dominant species, Wyoming big sagebrush, was reduced 20-34% by the mechanical disturbance (6.9%+/- 1.0) compared to rested (8.6%+/- 0.6) and grazed (10.4%+/- 1.0) plots. The mechanical disturbance affected approximately 10.5% of the ground surface area but this had little impact on short-term small mammal or plant community dynamics in this rangeland ecosystem. C1 [Derner, Justin D.; Schuman, Gerald E.] ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Borchgrevink, Matt B.; Olson, Richard A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Coll Agr, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Weston, Terrill R.; Hess, Bret W.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Coll Agr, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Derner, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM Justin.Derner@ars.usda.gov FU University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) FX The authors would like to thank Venerand Nayigihugu for assistance with sample collection and analysis and David Legg for statistical guidance. Funding for this project was provided by the University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, with additional support from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) High Plains Grasslands Research Station. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-4982 J9 ARID LAND RES MANAG JI Arid Land Res. Manag. PY 2010 VL 24 IS 1 BP 57 EP 67 AR PII 918162016 DI 10.1080/15324980903439107 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 539GD UT WOS:000273240900005 ER PT J AU Schuman, GE Olson, RA Partlow, KA Belden, SE AF Schuman, Gerald E. Olson, Richard A. Partlow, Kristene A. Belden, Scott E. TI Wildlife Impacts to Big Sagebrush on Reclaimed Mined Lands SO ARID LAND RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata ssp wyomingensis; mining reclamation; wildlife browsing ID MULE DEER; VEGETATION; SURVIVAL; DENSITY AB Wildlife browsing of Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis (big sagebrush) on reclaimed coal mined land threatens long-term, sustainable reclamation success. A wildlife-proof exclosure was constructed in 2001 on a 10-year old A. tridentata ssp. wyomingensis reestablishment research site at North Antelope Coal mine in northeastern Wyoming to assess wildlife browsing impacts. Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis survival, growth, and plant community attributes (species richness, canopy cover, and diversity) were evaluated inside and outside the exclosure, across the original grass seeding rate treatments (0, 16, 32 kg PLS ha(-1)). Long-term A. tridentata ssp. wyomingensis density decreased across all seeding rates from 1994 to 2002. Higher A. tridentata density, leader (shoot) growth, and canopy cover, along with lower mortality, occurred inside the exclosure across all seeding rates. Lower winter use, higher survival, and lower mortality of A. tridentata ssp. wyomingensis in the 32 compared to the 0 and 16 kg PLS ha(-1) seeding rates suggest a beneficial relationship between A. tridentata ssp. wyomingensis survival and higher grass seeding rate. Approximately 33% mortality of marked A. tridentata ssp. wyomingensis plants occurred outside the exclosure. Lepus townsendii campanius (white-tailed jackrabbit), L. californicus melanotis (black-tailed jackrabbit), and Sylvilagus audubonii baileyi (cottontail rabbit) were identified as primary browsers of A. tridentata. Plant species richness, cover, and diversity decreased from 2001 to 2002, probably due to below average precipitation during the study. Defoliation of A. tridentata ssp. wyomingensis was severe, indicating the magnitude of impact from browsing wildlife. Post mining wildlife management and habitat manipulation on adjacent rangeland is suggested to ensure successful reclamation of coal mined lands. C1 [Schuman, Gerald E.] ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY USA. [Olson, Richard A.; Partlow, Kristene A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Belden, Scott E.] Powder River Coal LLC, Gillette, WY USA. RP Schuman, GE (reprint author), 11610 Blazer Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM jerryschuman2@msn.com FU Abandoned Coal Mine Lands Research Program at the University of Wyoming; Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality; Office of Surface Mining of the U.S. Department of Interior FX This work was supported in part by the Abandoned Coal Mine Lands Research Program at the University of Wyoming. This support was administered by the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality from funds returned to Wyoming from the Office of Surface Mining of the U.S. Department of Interior. Additional funding was provided by Powder River Coal Co., North Antelope/Rochelle Mine, Gillette, Wyoming; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie; and the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, High Plains Grassland Research Station, Cheyenne, Wyoming. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-4982 J9 ARID LAND RES MANAG JI Arid Land Res. Manag. PY 2010 VL 24 IS 2 BP 117 EP 132 DI 10.1080/15324980903471811 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 574ZP UT WOS:000276033100003 ER PT J AU Bolling, BW Mckay, DL Blumberg, JB AF Bolling, Bradley W. McKay, Diane L. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI The phytochemical composition and antioxidant actions of tree nuts SO ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE tree nuts; phytochemicals; flavonoids; resveratrol; antioxidants ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; RANDOMIZED CROSSOVER TRIAL; ENRICHED DIET INCREASES; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; VITAMIN-E; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC SUBJECTS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; ALMOND CONSUMPTION; TOTAL POLYPHENOLS AB In addition to being a rich source of several essential vitamins and minerals, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and fiber, most tree nuts provide an array of phytochemicals that may contribute to the health benefits attributed to this whole food. Although many of these constituents remain to be fully identified and characterized, broad classes include the carotenoids, hydrolyzable tannins, lignans, naphthoquinones, phenolic acids, phytosterols, polyphenols, and tocopherols. These phytochemicals have been shown to possess a range of bioactivity, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and hypocholesterolemic properties. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the carotenoid, phenolic, and tocopherol content of tree nuts and associated studies of their antioxidant actions in vitro and in human studies. Tree nuts are a rich source of tocopherols and total phenols and contain a wide variety of flavonoids and proanthocyanidins. In contrast, most tree nuts are not good dietary sources of carotenoids and stilbenes. Phenolic acids are present in tree nuts but a systematic survey of the content and profile of these compounds is lacking. A limited number of human studies indicate these nut phytochemicals are bioaccessible and bioavailable and have antioxidant actions in vivo. C1 [Bolling, Bradley W.; McKay, Diane L.; Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Blumberg, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jeffrey.blumberg@tufts.edu OI Bolling, Bradley/0000-0002-4222-2467 FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; National Institute of Medical Sciences [K12GM074869] FX Support was provided by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. Dr Bolling was supported by award K12GM074869 from the National Institute of Medical Sciences. NR 68 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 15 PU H E C PRESS, HEALTHY EATING CLUB PTY LTD PI MCKINNON PA PO BOX 4121, MCKINNON, VIC 3204, AUSTRALIA SN 0964-7058 J9 ASIA PAC J CLIN NUTR JI Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 574RH UT WOS:000276009900017 PM 20199996 ER PT J AU O'Neil, CE Keast, DR Fulgoni, VL Nick, TA AF O'Neil, Carol E. Keast, Debra R. Fulgoni, Victor L., III Nick, Theresa A. TI Tree nut consumption improves nutrient intake and diet quality in US adults: an analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 SO ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE tree nuts; nutrient intake; dietary adequacy; healthy eating index-2005; NHANES ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL INTAKE; VITAMIN-E; MAGNESIUM INTAKE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; EATING INDEX-2005; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RISK AB Recent epidemiologic studies assessing tree nut (almonds. Brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios, and walnuts) consumption and the association with nutrient intake and diet quality are lacking. This study determined the association of tree nut consumption and nutrient intake and diet quality using a nationally representative sample of adults. Adults 19+ years (y) (n=13,292) participating in the 19992004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Intake was determined from 24-hour diet recalls; tree nut consumers were defined as those consuming >= 1/4 ounce/day (7.09 g). Means, standard errors, and ANOVA (adjusted for covariates) were determined using appropriate sample weights. Diet quality was measured using the Healthy Eating Index-2005. Among consumers, mean intake of tree nuts/tree nut butters was 1.19 +/- 0.04 oz/d versus 0.01 +/- 0.00 oz/d for non-consumers. In this study, 5.5 +/- 0.3% of individuals 19-50 y (n=7,049) and 8.4 +/- 0.6% of individuals 51+ y (n=6,243) consumed tree nuts/tree nut butters. Mean differences (p<0.01) between tree nut consumers and non-consumers of adult shortfall nutrients were: fiber (+5.0 g/d), vitamin E (+3.7 mg AT/d), calcium (+73 mg/d), magnesium (+95 mg/d), and potassium (+260 mg/d). Tree nut consumers had lower sodium intake (-157 mg/d, p<0.01). Diet quality was significantly higher in tree nut consumers (58.0+/-0.4 vs. 48.5+/-0.3, p<0.01). Tree nut consumption was associated with a higher overall diet quality score and improved nutrient intakes. Specific dietary recommendations for nut consumption should be provided for consumers. C1 [O'Neil, Carol E.] LSU AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Keast, Debra R.] Food & Nutr Database Res Inc, Okemos, MI USA. [Fulgoni, Victor L., III] Nutr Impact LLC, Battle Creek, MI USA. [Nick, Theresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP O'Neil, CE (reprint author), LSU AgCtr, 261 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM coneil1@lsu.edu FU International Tree Nut Council Nutrition Research and Education Foundation; USDA FX This work was supported by the International Tree Nut Council Nutrition Research and Education Foundation and USDA. VL Fulgoni III is a consultant to the food industry and has provided consulting services on nutrition/health related issues for the Almond Board of California and the International Tree Nut Nutrition Research and Education Foundation. The other authors have no disclosures other than the stated funding for this research. NR 55 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU H E C PRESS, HEALTHY EATING CLUB PTY LTD PI MCKINNON PA PO BOX 4121, MCKINNON, VIC 3204, AUSTRALIA SN 0964-7058 J9 ASIA PAC J CLIN NUTR JI Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1 BP 142 EP 150 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 574RH UT WOS:000276009900021 PM 20200000 ER PT B AU Payne, GA Yu, JJ AF Payne, Gary A. Yu, Jiujiang BE Machida, M Gomi, K TI Ecology, Development and Gene Regulation in Aspergillus flavus SO ASPERGILLUS: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; SECONDARY METABOLISM; STERIGMATOCYSTIN BIOSYNTHESIS; SCLEROTIAL PRODUCTION; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE; MAIZE KERNELS; SECTION FLAVI; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS AB Aspergillus flavus is one of the most widely known species of Aspergillus. It was described as a species in 1809 and first reported as a plant pathogen in 1920. More recently, A. flavus has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen and is now recognized as the second leading cause of aspergillosis in humans. Aspergillus flavus is known best for its production of aflatoxin, one of the most potent naturally occurring compounds. This discovery launched the modern era of mycotoxicology, and led to aflatoxin being one of the best characterized fungal secondary metabolites. Studies in the major aflatoxin producing species, A. flavus and A. parasiticus, and in A. nidulans, which produces the aflatoxin pathway intermediate sterigmatocystin, have revealed an elegant biosynthetic pathway and a complex network of regulatory controls. In this chapter we review the ecology, pathogenicity, and economic importance of A.flavus, and regulatory mechanisms that control its development and mycotoxin formation. C1 [Payne, Gary A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Yu, Jiujiang] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Payne, GA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM gary_payne@ncsu.edu; jiujiang.yu@ars.usda.gov NR 158 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-904455-53-0 PY 2010 BP 157 EP 171 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BLV54 UT WOS:000271175100008 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, PA Eichinger, WE Holder, H Prueger, J Wang, J Kleinman, LI AF Lewandowski, P. A. Eichinger, W. E. Holder, H. Prueger, J. Wang, J. Kleinman, L. I. TI Vertical distribution of aerosols in the vicinity of Mexico City during MILAGRO-2006 Campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; FIELD CAMPAIGN; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; EXTINCTION RATIOS; LIDAR MEASUREMENT; ELEMENTAL CARBON; TIME EVOLUTION; AIR-QUALITY; DENSITY; MASS AB On 7 March 2006, a mobile, ground-based, vertical pointing, elastic lidar system made a North-South transect through the Mexico City basin. Column averaged, aerosol size distribution (ASD) measurements were made on the ground concurrently with the lidar measurements. The ASD ground measurements allowed calculation of the column averaged mass extinction efficiency (MEE) for the lidar system (1064 nm). The value of column averaged MEE was combined with spatially resolved lidar extinction coefficients to produce total aerosol mass concentration estimates with the resolution of the lidar (1.5m vertical spatial and 1 s temporal). Airborne ASD measurements from DOE G-1 aircraft made later in the day on 7 March 2006, allowed the evaluation of the assumptions of constant ASD with height and time used for estimating the column averaged MEE. The results showed that the aerosol loading within the basin is about twice what is observed outside of the basin. The total aerosol base concentrations observed in the basin are of the order of 200 mu g/m(3) and the base levels outside are of the order of 100 mu g/m(3). The local heavy traffic events can introduce aerosol levels near the ground as high as 900 mu g/m(3). The article presents the methodology for estimating aerosol mass concentration from mobile, ground-based lidar measurements in combination with aerosol size distribution measurements. An uncertainty analysis of the methodology is also presented. C1 [Lewandowski, P. A.; Eichinger, W. E.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Holder, H.] Duke Univ, Rayleigh, NC USA. [Prueger, J.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, J.; Kleinman, L. I.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lewandowski, PA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM piotr-lewandowski@uiowa.edu RI Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011 NR 54 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1017 EP 1030 DI 10.5194/acp-10-1017-2010 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 554BH UT WOS:000274410000011 ER PT J AU Chakrabarty, RK Moosmuller, H Chen, LWA Lewis, K Arnott, WP Mazzoleni, C Dubey, MK Wold, CE Hao, WM Kreidenweis, SM AF Chakrabarty, R. K. Moosmueller, H. Chen, L. -W. A. Lewis, K. Arnott, W. P. Mazzoleni, C. Dubey, M. K. Wold, C. E. Hao, W. M. Kreidenweis, S. M. TI Brown carbon in tar balls from smoldering biomass combustion SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-PRESSURE IMPACTOR; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; SUBSTANCES HULIS; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; AEROSOLS; SPECTROMETER; PARTICLES; EMISSIONS; FOREST AB We report the direct observation of laboratory production of spherical, carbonaceous particles - "tar balls" - from smoldering combustion of two commonly occurring dry mid-latitude fuels. Real-time measurements of spectrally varying absorption Angstrom coefficients (AAC) indicate that a class of light absorbing organic carbon (OC) with wavelength dependent imaginary part of its refractive index - optically defined as "brown carbon" - is an important component of tar balls. The spectrum of the imaginary parts of their complex refractive indices can be described with a Lorentzian-like model with an effective resonance wavelength in the ultraviolet (UV) spectral region. Sensitivity calculations for aerosols containing traditional OC (no absorption at visible and UV wavelengths) and brown carbon suggest that accounting for near-UV absorption by brown carbon leads to an increase in aerosol radiative forcing efficiency and increased light absorption. Since particles from smoldering combustion account for nearly three-fourths of the total carbonaceous aerosol mass emitted globally, inclusion of the optical properties of tar balls into radiative forcing models has significance for the Earth's radiation budget, optical remote sensing, and understanding of anomalous UV absorption in the troposphere. C1 [Chakrabarty, R. K.; Moosmueller, H.; Chen, L. -W. A.] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Lewis, K.; Arnott, W. P.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Mazzoleni, C.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Mazzoleni, C.; Dubey, M. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geochem & Climate Focus Team, Los Alamos, NM 87547 USA. [Wold, C. E.; Hao, W. M.] USDA, Fire Sci Lab, US Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Kreidenweis, S. M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Chakrabarty, RK (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM rajan.chakrabarty@dri.edu RI Mazzoleni, Claudio/E-5615-2011; Moosmuller, Hans/F-8250-2011; Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Chen, Lung-Wen/J-5792-2015; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011; OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Chen, Lung-Wen/0000-0002-2311-7506; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914; Moosmuller, Hans/0000-0002-1021-8877 FU US land management agencies; US Department of Energy; National Science Foundation FX It is a pleasure to thank J. L. Collett Jr., and W. M. Malm for organizing the combustion study at the FSL, R. Kreidberg for providing help in editing the manuscript, and the FSL staff and other participants for technical assistance and discussions. This work was supported in part by the Joint Fire Science Program of the US land management agencies and the US Department of Energy Atmospheric Science Program. Instrument development was supported by the National Science Foundation Major Research Instrumentation program. NR 50 TC 116 Z9 120 U1 9 U2 69 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 13 BP 6363 EP 6370 DI 10.5194/acp-10-6363-2010 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 624VY UT WOS:000279851400041 ER PT J AU Hosseini, S Li, Q Cocker, D Weise, D Miller, A Shrivastava, M Miller, JW Mahalingam, S Princevac, M Jung, H AF Hosseini, S. Li, Q. Cocker, D. Weise, D. Miller, A. Shrivastava, M. Miller, J. W. Mahalingam, S. Princevac, M. Jung, H. TI Particle size distributions from laboratory-scale biomass fires using fast response instruments SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION FACTORS; COMBUSTION; AEROSOL; FUELS; PHASE AB Particle size distribution from biomass combustion is an important parameter as it affects air quality, climate modelling and health effects. To date, particle size distributions reported from prior studies vary not only due to difference in fuels but also difference in experimental conditions. This study aims to report characteristics of particle size distributions in well controlled repeatable lab scale biomass fires for southwestern United States fuels with focus on chaparral. The combustion laboratory at the United States Department of Agriculture-Forest Service's Fire Science Laboratory (USDA-FSL), Missoula, MT provided a repeatable combustion and dilution environment ideal for measurements. For a variety of fuels tested the major mode of particle size distribution was in the range of 29 to 52 nm, which is attributable to dilution of the fresh smoke. Comparing mass size distribution from FMPS and APS measurement 51-68% of particle mass was attributable to the particles ranging from 0.5 to 10 mu m for PM10. Geometric mean diameter rapidly increased during flaming and gradually decreased during mixed and smoldering phase combustion. Most fuels produced a unimodal distribution during flaming phase and strong biomodal distribution during smoldering phase. The mode of combustion (flaming, mixed and smoldering) could be better distinguished using the slopes in MCE (Modified Combustion Efficiency) vs. geometric mean diameter than only using MCE values. C1 [Hosseini, S.; Shrivastava, M.; Mahalingam, S.; Princevac, M.; Jung, H.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Li, Q.; Cocker, D.; Miller, J. W.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Weise, D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA USA. [Miller, A.] NIOSH, Spokane, WA USA. [Shrivastava, M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jung, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM heejung@engr.ucr.edu RI Cocker, David/F-4442-2010; Mahalingam, Shankar/K-6746-2015; OI Cocker, David/0000-0002-0586-0769; Jung, Heejung/0000-0003-0366-7284; Mahalingam, Shankar/0000-0002-4543-7201 FU US Department of Defense [SI-1647, SI-1648, SI-1649] FX Funding for this study was provided by the US Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program as projects SI-1647, SI-1648, and SI-1649. We appreciate the assistance of personnel at USMC Camp LeJuene, US Army Ft. Huachuca, Ft. Hunter-Liggett, Ft. Benning, and Vandenberg Air Force Base in selecting fuel types for study and fuel samples for burning. Authors are grateful to Robert Yokelson and Ian Burling for FTIR data and WeiMinHao and Shawn Urbanski; Cyle Wold, Joey Chong, Trevor Maynard and Emily Lincoln for their help. NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 16 BP 8065 EP 8076 DI 10.5194/acp-10-8065-2010 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 645ED UT WOS:000281432800035 ER PT J AU Hosseini, S Li, Q Cocker, D Weise, D Miller, A Shrivastava, M Miller, JW Mahalingam, S Princevac, M Jung, H AF Hosseini, S. Li, Q. Cocker, D. Weise, D. Miller, A. Shrivastava, M. Miller, J. W. Mahalingam, S. Princevac, M. Jung, H. TI "Particle size distributions from laboratory-scale biomass fires using fast response instruments" (vol 10, pg 8065, 2010) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Hosseini, S.; Shrivastava, M.; Mahalingam, S.; Princevac, M.; Jung, H.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Li, Q.; Cocker, D.; Miller, J. W.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Weise, D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA USA. [Miller, A.] NIOSH, Spokane, WA USA. [Shrivastava, M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jung, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM heejung@engr.ucr.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 17 BP 8511 EP 8511 DI 10.5194/acp-10-8511-2010 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 650JS UT WOS:000281845800025 ER PT J AU Xu, M Liang, XZ Gao, W Krotkov, N AF Xu, M. Liang, X. -Z. Gao, W. Krotkov, N. TI Comparison of TOMS retrievals and UVMRP measurements of surface spectral UV radiation in the United States SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; MONITORING INSTRUMENT OMI; TOTAL OZONE; SATELLITE ESTIMATION; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; IRRADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; B RADIATION; ALGORITHM; AEROSOLS AB Surface noontime spectral ultraviolet (UV) irradiances during May-September of 2000-2004 from the total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) satellite retrievals are systematically compared with the ground measurements at 27 climatological sites maintained by the USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program. The TOMS retrievals are evaluated by two cloud screening methods and local air quality conditions to determine their bias dependencies on spectral bands, cloudiness, aerosol loadings, and air pollution. Under clear-sky conditions, TOMS retrieval biases vary from -3.4% (underestimation) to 23.6% (overestimation). Averaged over all sites, the relative mean biases for 305, 311, 325, and 368 nm are respectively 15.4, 7.9, 7.6, and 7.0% (overestimation). The bias enhancement for 305 nm by approximately twice that of other bands likely results from absorption by gaseous pollutants (SO2, O-3), and aerosols that are not included in the TOMS algorithm. For all bands, strong positive correlations of the TOMS biases are identified with aerosol optical depth, which explains nearly 50% of the variances of TOMS biases. The more restrictive in-situ cloud screening method reduces the biases by 3.4-3.9% averaged over all sites. This suggests that the TOMS biases from the in-situ cloud contamination may account for approximately 25% for 305 nm and 50% for other bands of the total bias. The correlation coefficients between total-sky and clear-sky biases across 27 sites are 0.92, 0.89, 0.83, and 0.78 for 305, 311, 325, and 368 nm, respectively. The results show that the spatial characteristics of the TOMS retrieval biases are systematic, representative of both clear and total-sky conditions. C1 [Xu, M.; Liang, X. -Z.] Univ Illinois, Div Illinois State Water Survey, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Gao, W.] Colorado State Univ, USDA, UB B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Krotkov, N.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Liang, X. -Z.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Liang, XZ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Div Illinois State Water Survey, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, 2204 Griffith, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM xliang@illinois.edu RI Krotkov, Nickolay/E-1541-2012; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 OI Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750; FU United States Department of Agriculture [AG CSU G-1459-1] FX The authors thank the TOMS team for the UV product and the TEMIS team for the SO2 and NO2 data. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers and the ACP editor for instructive suggestions that help a more concise presentation. We also thank Dr. Torres for providing the OMI Level-3 aerosol product. This research was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture UV-B Monitoring and Research Program (UVMRP) grant to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (AG CSU G-1459-1). We thank Drs. John Davis, Becky Olson, Gwen Scott, and George Janson from UVMRP for providing the ground UV in situ measurements and valuable discussions. The data processing was mainly conducted at the NCSA/UIUC supercomputing facility. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsoring agencies or the Illinois State Water Survey. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 18 BP 8669 EP 8683 DI 10.5194/acp-10-8669-2010 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 657RC UT WOS:000282429000003 ER PT J AU Mack, LA Levin, EJT Kreidenweis, SM Obrist, D Moosmuller, H Lewis, KA Arnott, WP McMeeking, GR Sullivan, AP Wold, CE Hao, WM Collett, JL Malm, WC AF Mack, L. A. Levin, E. J. T. Kreidenweis, S. M. Obrist, D. Moosmueller, H. Lewis, K. A. Arnott, W. P. McMeeking, G. R. Sullivan, A. P. Wold, C. E. Hao, W. -M. Collett, J. L., Jr. Malm, W. C. TI Optical closure experiments for biomass smoke aerosols SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS; COMPLEX REFRACTIVE-INDEX; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; ORGANIC-CARBON; CAVITY RING; DENSITY CHARACTERIZATION; PARTICLE MORPHOLOGY; COMBINED MOBILITY; ELEMENTAL CARBON; SPECTROMETER AB A series of laboratory experiments at the Fire Laboratory at Missoula (FLAME) investigated chemical, physical, and optical properties of fresh smoke samples from combustion of wildland fuels that are burned annually in the western and southeastern US The burns were conducted in the combustion chamber of the US Forest Service Fire Sciences Laboratory in Missoula, Montana. Here we discuss retrieval of optical properties for a variety of fuels burned in FLAME 2, using nephelometer-measured scattering coefficients, photoacoustically-measured aerosol absorption coefficients, and size distribution measurements. Uncertainties are estimated from various instrument characteristics and instrument calibration studies. Our estimates of single scattering albedo for different dry smoke samples varied from 0.428 to 0.990, indicative of observed wide variations in smoke aerosol chemical composition. In selected case studies, we retrieved the complex refractive index from measurements but show that these are highly sensitive to uncertainties in measured size distributions. C1 [Mack, L. A.; Levin, E. J. T.; Kreidenweis, S. M.; McMeeking, G. R.; Sullivan, A. P.; Collett, J. L., Jr.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Obrist, D.; Moosmueller, H.] Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA. [Lewis, K. A.; Arnott, W. P.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Wold, C. E.; Hao, W. -M.] US Forest Serv, RMRS Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. [Malm, W. C.] Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kreidenweis, SM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sonia@atmos.colostate.edu RI McMeeking, Gavin/A-7679-2008; Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010; Levin, Ezra/F-5809-2010; Moosmuller, Hans/F-8250-2011; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011 OI Moosmuller, Hans/0000-0002-1021-8877; McMeeking, Gavin/0000-0001-9782-3713; Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914 FU US Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Western Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research [MPC35TA-A4]; US Joint Fire Science Program [05-3-1-06]; National Park Service FX This research was supported by the US Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Western Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research, Grant number MPC35TA-A4. The FLAME studies were supported by the US Joint Fire Science Program under JFSP Project Number 05-3-1-06 and by the National Park Service. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the many individuals who secured fuel samples for this work and helped conduct the burns. We also thank the Joint Fire Science Program and American Association for Aerosol Research for assisting with publication costs through their support of the Biomass Burning Symposium at the 2009 Annual Meeting of the AAAR. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 18 BP 9017 EP 9026 DI 10.5194/acp-10-9017-2010 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 657RC UT WOS:000282429000021 ER PT J AU Burling, IR Yokelson, RJ Griffith, DWT Johnson, TJ Veres, P Roberts, JM Warneke, C Urbanski, SP Reardon, J Weise, DR Hao, WM de Gouw, J AF Burling, I. R. Yokelson, R. J. Griffith, D. W. T. Johnson, T. J. Veres, P. Roberts, J. M. Warneke, C. Urbanski, S. P. Reardon, J. Weise, D. R. Hao, W. M. de Gouw, J. TI Laboratory measurements of trace gas emissions from biomass burning of fuel types from the southeastern and southwestern United States SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; NITROUS-ACID HONO; ENGLAND AIR-QUALITY; NI-PT-CIMS; FIRE EMISSIONS; SAVANNA FIRES; HETEROGENEOUS CONVERSION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; TROPICAL FOREST; AFRICAN AB Vegetation commonly managed by prescribed burning was collected from five southeastern and southwestern US military bases and burned under controlled conditions at the US Forest Service Fire Sciences Laboratory in Missoula, Montana. The smoke emissions were measured with a large suite of state-of-the-art instrumentation including an open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectrometer for measurement of gas-phase species. The OP-FTIR detected and quantified 19 gas-phase species in these fires: CO2, CO, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C3H6, HCHO, HCOOH, CH3OH, CH3COOH, furan, H2O, NO, NO2, HONO, NH3, HCN, HCl, and SO2. Emission factors for these species are presented for each vegetation type burned. Gas-phase nitrous acid (HONO), an important OH precursor, was detected in the smoke from all fires. The HONO emission factors ranged from 0.15 to 0.60 g kg(-1) and were higher for the southeastern fuels. The fire-integrated molar emission ratios of HONO (relative to NOx) ranged from approximately 0.03 to 0.20, with higher values also observed for the southeastern fuels. The majority of non-methane organic compound (NMOC) emissions detected by OP-FTIR were oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) with the total identified OVOC emissions constituting 61 +/- 12% of the total measured NMOC on a molar basis. These OVOC may undergo photolysis or further oxidation contributing to ozone formation. Elevated amounts of gas-phase HCl and SO2 were also detected during flaming combustion, with the amounts varying greatly depending on location and vegetation type. The fuels with the highest HCl emission factors were all located in the coastal regions, although HCl was also observed from fuels farther inland. Emission factors for HCl were generally higher for the southwestern fuels, particularly those found in the chaparral biome in the coastal regions of California. C1 [Burling, I. R.; Yokelson, R. J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Griffith, D. W. T.] Univ Wollongong, Dept Chem, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Johnson, T. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Veres, P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Veres, P.; Roberts, J. M.; Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Urbanski, S. P.; Reardon, J.; Hao, W. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Weise, D. R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA USA. RP Yokelson, RJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM bob.yokelson@umontana.edu RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [SI-1648, SI-1649]; NSF [ATM 1542457]; CIRES FX This work was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) projects SI-1648 and SI-1649 and administered through Forest Service Research Joint Venture Agreement 08JV11272166039, and we thank the sponsors for their support. P. Veres, J. M. Roberts, C. Warneke, J. de Gouw were supported in part by NSF Grant # ATM 1542457 and the CIRES Innovative Research Program. We appreciate the efforts of Joey Chong, Bonni Corcoran, Amy Olson, Violet Holly, Signe Leirfallom, and Emily Lincoln to harvest the fuels and assemble the fuel beds for this study. The cooperation of Dan Ardoin and personnel at Vandenberg AFB, Jeff Minetti and personnel at Ft. Hunter-Liggett, Andrew Leiendecker and personnel at Ft. Huachuca, and Danny Becker, Susan Cohen, Wayne Gray, and Gary Curcio at Camp Lejeune is greatly appreciated. NR 67 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 5 U2 52 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 22 BP 11115 EP 11130 DI 10.5194/acp-10-11115-2010 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 687EG UT WOS:000284759500022 ER PT J AU Padgett, PE AF Padgett, Pamela E. TI The effect of ambient ozone and humidity on the performance of nylon and Teflon filters used in ambient air monitoring filter-pack systems SO ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Nitric acid; Dry deposition; Ozone; Filter pack; Ammonia AB Nylon and Teflon filter media are frequently used for monitoring ambient air pollutants. These media are subject to many environmental factors that may influence adsorption and retention of particulate and gaseous nitrogenous pollutants. This study evaluated the effects of ozone and humidity on the efficacy of nylon and Teflon filters used in the US dry deposition monitoring network. Ozone was shown to reduce retention of nitric acid on nylon filters and high humidity was shown to dramatically increase retention on nitrate on Teflon filters. (C) Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Riverside Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Padgett, PE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Riverside Fire Lab, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM ppadgett@fs.fed.us FU US EPA, Clean Air Markets Division FX This project was supported by a grant from the US EPA, Clean Air Markets Division. I am grateful for operational assistance from Elias Scott and Tongzou Wang, and for technical assistance from Dr. David Parker, University of California and Dr. David McTavish, Environment Canada. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TURKISH NATL COMMITTEE AIR POLLUTION RES & CONTROL-TUNCAP PI BUCA PA DOKUZ EYLUL UNIV, DEPT ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, TINAZTEPE CAMPUS, BUCA, IZMIR 35160, TURKEY SN 1309-1042 J9 ATMOS POLLUT RES JI Atmos. Pollut. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.5094/APR.2010.004 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V25XB UT WOS:000208509600005 ER PT J AU Stodola, KW Buehler, DA Kim, DH Franzreb, KE Linder, ET AF Stodola, Kirk W. Buehler, David A. Kim, Daniel H. Franzreb, Kathleen E. Linder, Eric T. TI BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS GOVERNING NESTLING-PERIOD LENGTH IN THE OVENBIRD (SEIURUS AUROCAPILLA) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE fecundity; fledging period; nest success; nestling period; Ovenbird; parental behavior; Seiurus aurocapilla ID POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL; TREE SWALLOWS; ALTRICIAL BIRDS; FOOD ABUNDANCE; GREAT TITS; GROWTH; FOREST; PREDATION; PATTERNS; HABITAT AB In many songbirds, the nesting period for a breeding attempt is extremely short, often lasting only a few weeks. Breeding adults can shorten this period by decreasing the number of eggs laid or reducing the length of the nestling period. Nestling-period length has received little attention in the literature but could have profound effects on annual fecundity, because each day represents a risk of nest depredation. Consequently, we were interested in assessing the biotic and abiotic factors that govern the nestling period in the Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla). We provide evidence that food availability, more than predation pressure and climatic factors, influences nestling-period length, with increases in food availability decreasing the nestling period. We suggest that the nestling period is dictated by physiological constraints, which may be influenced by food availability and, thus, the ability to provision young. However, the greatest variation in nestling period was individual variation among breeding pairs. Thus, we believe that large-scale variation in ecological and environmental factors may determine the physiological constraints of the nestling period but parental behavior and quality within this framework dictate the actual length of the nestling period. Received 6 November 2008, accepted 18 June 2009. C1 [Stodola, Kirk W.; Linder, Eric T.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Buehler, David A.; Kim, Daniel H.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Franzreb, Kathleen E.] Univ Tennessee, US Forest Serv, USDA,So Res Stn, So Appalachian Mt Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Stodola, KW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM stodolak@warnell.uga.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture; Forest Service Southern Research Station FX We thank the Coweeta Hydrologic Lab and the Wayah Ranger District for providing access to the Study plots. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Southern Research Station, funded this project. We also thank L. S. Johnson, B. Stutchbury, and one anonymous reviewer for their help in improving the manuscript. Many people assisted us throughout the course of this project, and we appreciate their hard work and dedication through long, hard days: B. Sikes, L Robinson, B. Chandler, D. Dathatri, J. Cassacla, L. Smith, J. Wick, R Weisenberger, A. Johnson, and J. Hart. Finally, special thanks to K. Leavelle and L. Willenbring for braving Multiple field seasons and providing stimulating discussion. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2010 VL 127 IS 1 BP 204 EP 211 DI 10.1525/auk.2009.09151 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 554RQ UT WOS:000274452500023 ER PT J AU Ramsfield, TD Vogler, DR AF Ramsfield, Tod D. Vogler, Detlev R. TI A DNA-based method for detection of Peridermium harknessii, the causal agent of western gall rust SO AUSTRALASIAN PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biosecurity; invasive pathogen ID NEIGHBOR-JOINING METHOD; AXENIC CULTURE; LODGEPOLE PINE; CRONARTIUM; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RADIATA AB Peridermium harknessii is not present in the southern hemisphere yet it poses a serious threat to Pinus radiata cultivation in exotic forest plantations there. If a suspected incursion were to occur, it would be necessary to rapidly confirm the presence of P. harknessii within non-sporulating galls. With this in mind, we have developed a DNA-based identification system, using the first intergenic spacer region (IGS-1), that is able to detect the presence of the pathogen within galled tissue. The PCR primers are highly specific and with the exception of the closest relative, Cronartium quercuum f. sp. banksianae, they did not cross react with any of the 11 species within the closely related genera Cronartium and Peridermium that were tested. Phylogenetic analysis of the IGS-1 region confirmed that C. quercuum f. sp. banksianae is the closest relative to P. harknessii. The PCR primers and protocol reported here should prove useful in the event of a suspected western gall rust disease outbreak in exotic P. radiata plantations. C1 [Ramsfield, Tod D.] Scion, Forest Protect, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand. [Vogler, Detlev R.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. RP Ramsfield, TD (reprint author), Scion, Forest Protect, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand. EM Tod.Ramsfield@scionresearch.com FU New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology; Forest Biosecurity Research Council of New Zealand FX The authors would like to thank Dr Tom Kubisiak, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Carol Young of the Fusiform Rust Resistance Screening Centre, Francois Paradise and Dr Richard Hamelin of Laval University and the Canadian Forest Service, respectively, and Dr Richard Hunt of the Canadian Forest Service for supplying aeciospores from related rust species. Thank you to Dr Paul Zambino for sharing his DNA extraction method. Dr Simon Shamoun provided laboratory facilities at the Pacific Forestry Centre in Victoria where the majority of DNA for this study was extracted. Funding for this project was provided by the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology and the Forest Biosecurity Research Council of New Zealand. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0815-3191 J9 AUSTRALAS PLANT PATH JI Austral. Plant Pathol. PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 247 EP 253 DI 10.1071/AP09058 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 588OJ UT WOS:000277081200006 ER PT J AU Shi, X Wang, JC Zhang, DY Gaskin, JF Pan, BR AF Shi, X. Wang, J. C. Zhang, D. Y. Gaskin, J. F. Pan, B. R. TI Pollination ecology of the rare desert species Eremosparton songoricum (Fabaceae) SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID POLLEN LIMITATION; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; NECTAR PRODUCTION; FLORAL DISPLAY; PLANTS; PATTERNS; BIOLOGY; VISITATION; SIZE; POPULATIONS AB The pollination ecology of Eremosparton songoricum (Litv.) Vass., a rare desert species endemic to central Asia, was examined by a series of observational studies and manipulative experiments in two natural populations during 2007-2008. Results showed that the duration of flowering lasted 21 and 23 days, respectively, in Populations A and B from late May to late June in 2008. Anthesis of a single flower often lasted for 3 days. However, if pollinators were excluded, both the anthesis and stigma receptivity lasted 2 days longer. Mating-system experiment showed that E. songoricum was self-compatible and pollination success relied on pollinators. Fruit set after bagging without emasculation was 0.02 +/- 0.01%. This suggested that spontaneous autogamy rarely happened. E. songoricum primarily relies on a combination of large floral display, secretion of nectar and a yellow 'nectar guide' on the standard to further attract pollinators, which may be the result of adaptation to a habitat with unreliable access to pollinators. A single flower produced similar to 0.18 mu L and 0.50 mu L of nectar during 2 days in Populations A and B, respectively. The peak secretion occurred at 1300-1500 hours, which overlapped with the climax of visitation of the effective pollinators at 1300-1400 hours. There were four effective pollinators in both populations, namely Colletes popovi Nosk., Megachile terminate Morawitz, Coelioxys sp. and Bembix planifrons F. Mor. The most frequent one, Colletes popovi Nosk., was observed pollinating many flowers of the same individual plant (65.8 +/- 1.1%) in Population A, suggesting that geitonogamous self-pollination is unavoidable. Inbreeding depression played a role during the period from fertilisation to fruit maturation. C1 [Shi, X.; Wang, J. C.; Zhang, D. Y.; Pan, B. R.] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Biogeog & Bioresource Arid Land, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China. [Shi, X.; Wang, J. C.] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Zhang, D. Y.; Pan, B. R.] Chinese Acad Sci, Turpan Eremophytes Bot Garden, Turpan 838008, Peoples R China. [Gaskin, J. F.] ARS, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Zhang, DY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Biogeog & Bioresource Arid Land, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China. EM daoyuanzhang@163.net FU National Basic Research Program, China [2009CB825104]; National natural science foundation project of China [30970547]; Xinjiang Committee of Science and Technology [200933122] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance and advice of Professor Tan Dunyan from Xinjiang Agriculture University. Insect specimens were identified by Dr Hu Hongying of Xinjiang University. This work was supported by grants from The National Basic Research Program, China (No. 2009CB825104), National natural science foundation project of China (No. 30970547) and Project of Xinjiang Committee of Science and Technology (No. 200933122). NR 50 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0067-1924 J9 AUST J BOT JI Aust. J. Bot. PY 2010 VL 58 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1071/BT09172 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 566QA UT WOS:000275386600004 ER PT J AU Olanya, OM Porter, GA Lambert, DH AF Olanya, O. M. Porter, G. A. Lambert, D. H. TI Supplemental irrigation and cultivar effects on potato tuber diseases SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Supplemental irrigation; cultivars; tuber diseases; Maine ID DOT COLLETOTRICHUM-COCCODES; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI AG-3; BLACK DOT; CROPPING SYSTEMS; SOIL-MANAGEMENT; POWDERY SCAB; WALLR HUGHES; SILVER SCURF; LATE BLIGHT; YIELD AB Supplemental irrigation can improve potato growth and tuber yield under deficit rainfall conditions, but may also impact potato tuber diseases. The comparative effects of irrigation on tuber disease incidence were quantified on four cultivars. Surface sprinkler irrigation was applied in July and August of each year, based on tensiometer or moisture block readings, with the goal of maintaining soil water to the required treatment levels. Black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani), black dot (Colletotricchum coccodes), silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani) and comm-on scab (Streptomyces scabei) diseases were quantified on potato tubers randomly sampled at harvest and stored at 7.2 C. The incidence of tuber diseases varied among irrigations and significant treatment effects (P<0.05) were observed for black dot, black scurf and silver scurf diseases across years. The highest levels of black dot and black scurf disease incidences were recorded on the irrigation treatments of artificial drought and Tiaug60 in 1996 and Eaug50 and Non-irrigated check in 1997, respectively. Disease incidence differed significantly (P<0.05) among cultivars and years, and was generally greater on Superior and Shepody than on Atlantic and Russet Burbank. This study showed that supplemental irrigation may selectively impact tuber disease incidence, depending on treatment and application scheduling, while varying cultivar susceptibility may increase tuber disease levels. C1 [Olanya, O. M.] ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Porter, G. A.; Lambert, D. H.] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soils & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Olanya, OM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM modesto.olanya@ars.usda.gov FU Maine Agriculture and Forest experiment Station (MAFES) FX We thank Jonathan Sisson and Anne Currier, previously of Aroostook Research farm for technical support. This research was supported by Maine Agriculture and Forest experiment Station (MAFES). We thank MAFES, the Maine Potato Board, McCain Foods, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Aroostook Soil and Water Management Board. We thank MAFES and the USDA-ARS, New England Plant, Soil and Water Laboratory for their support NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOUTHERN CROSS PUBL PI LISMORE PA 8 91-93 MCKENZIE ST, LISMORE, NSW 2480, AUSTRALIA SN 1835-2693 J9 AUST J CROP SCI JI Aust. J. Crop Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 578CD UT WOS:000276270100005 ER PT J AU Keller, M Tarara, JM Mills, LJ AF Keller, M. Tarara, J. M. Mills, L. J. TI Spring temperatures alter reproductive development in grapevines SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF GRAPE AND WINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE budburst; fruit set; grapevine; temperature; Vitis vinifera; yield formation ID VITIS-VINIFERA L; SHOOT TROPHIC COMPETITION; CABERNET-SAUVIGNON; INFLORESCENCE NECROSIS; INTRA-SHOOT; STRESS; FRUIT; CULTIVARS; QUALITY; L. AB Background and Aims: Climate variation contributes to fluctuations in reproductive output, and spring temperature is thought to influence flower production in grapevines. For 3 years, we studied the influence of temperature from before budswell through to the appearance of individual flowers on reproductive development in field-grown Cabernet Sauvignon while minimising the influence of other microclimatic variables. Methods and Results: Dormant buds and emerging shoots were heated or cooled from before budswell until individual flowers were visible. Flower number per inflorescence was inversely related to pre-budburst temperature. Conversely, flower size, percent fruit set, and berry size increased with higher temperatures. Fruit set also increased as flower size and leaf area per flower increased; fruit set was erratic below 4 cm2 leaf area per flower. Berry mass and sugar content per berry increased with increasing flower size. Although yield per shoot varied threefold among treatments, differences in fruit composition were minor. Conclusions: Variations in early-season temperatures may alter substantially grapevine yield formation. The temperature effect may be a combination of direct effects on floral development and indirect effects arising from differences in shoot growth. Significance of the Study: This study shows that variations in temperature near budburst may be an important cause of large variations in grapevine yield. C1 [Keller, M.; Mills, L. J.] Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Tarara, J. M.] ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Keller, M (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM mkeller@wsu.edu FU US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research; USDA-ARS CRIS [5358-21000-034-D] FX This work was supported by a grant from the US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research and by funds from USDA-ARS CRIS project no. 5358-21000-034-D. We thank J. Ferguson for the design and technical support of the temperature-control system, C. Scagel for statistical advice, and W. Smith and M. Mireles for technical support. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1322-7130 J9 AUST J GRAPE WINE R JI Aust. J. Grape Wine Res. PY 2010 VL 16 IS 3 BP 445 EP 454 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0238.2010.00105.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 655CI UT WOS:000282219800007 ER PT J AU Rosebrough, RW Richards, MP McMurtry, JP AF Rosebrough, Robert W. Richards, Mark P. McMurtry, John P. TI Rapid dietary protein changes, enzyme activities, mRNAs and plasma hormones in the broiler chicken SO AVIAN BIOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chicken hormones; gene expression; enzyme activities; diets ID LIPOGENIC GENE-EXPRESSION; LIPID-METABOLISM; ENERGY RELATIONS; HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; IN-VITRO; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; FEED RESTRICTION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; LIVER EXPLANTS; GROWTH AB Ross 708 broiler chickens were fed one of three levels of crude protein (12, 21 or 30%) from 7 to 28 days of age. Birds were then switched to either a higher (30%) or lower level of crude protein (12% and sampled three days following the switch. The purpose of these treatments was to test effects of changes in protein level at a representative time during the finisher phase (days 28 to 31) of broiler growth and to relate changes to metabolic plasma hormone levels (IGF-I, IGF-II, insulin, leptin, T(3), T(4), glucagons, Ghrelin) and regulatory enzymes [malic enzyme (ME), aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD)] and their respective mRNAs The data from this experiment show that a priority of hormones can be established with respect to correlations between circulating values and representative metabolic enzymes and their mRNAs. It is suggested from these data that both IGF-I and T(4) are equal in a metabolic priority scheme and are superior to glucagon and Ghrelin which are still significantly related to certain enzymes and their mRNAs. It is entirely possible that mRNA levels do not correlate or totally regulate enzyme protein (as evidenced by activities of regulatory enzymes) although the relationships for ME (R = 0.69; P < 0.001), ICD (R = 0.64; P < 0.001) and AAT (R = 0.47, P < 0.001) does lend some credence that transcriptional events regulate these two enzymes. C1 [Rosebrough, Robert W.; Richards, Mark P.; McMurtry, John P.] USDA ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rosebrough, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Bob.Rosebrough@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1758-1559 J9 AVIAN BIOL RES JI Avian Biol. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 BP 7 EP 16 DI 10.3184/175815510X12629585033021 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ornithology; Zoology SC Agriculture; Zoology GA 559XF UT WOS:000274862300002 ER PT J AU Oviedo-Rondon, EO Hume, ME Barbosa, NA Sakomura, NK Weber, G Wilson, JW AF Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. Hume, Michael E. Barbosa, Nei A. Sakomura, Nilva K. Weber, Gilbert Wilson, Johnathan W. TI Ileal and caecal microbial populations in broilers given specific essential oil blends and probiotics in two consecutive grow-outs SO AVIAN BIOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE essential oils; probiotics; microbial ecology; built-up litter; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; POULTRY LITTER; FEED ADDITIVES; CHICKENS; MICROFLORA; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; FRAGMENTS AB Specific essential oil (EO) blends and probiotics used as feed additives have been shown to promote healthy digestive microbials resulting in improved poultry production. Two consecutive experiments were conducted with broilers fed corn-soybean meal diets to determine comparative effects of feed additives on ileal and caecal microbial populations (MP). Ross 708 broilers were placed in 84 pens with previously used litter and treatments maintained in the same pens for both experiments. Eight treatment groups were fed diets containing: Bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) as positive control (PC); no additives as negative control (NC); three probiotics: BC-30; BioPlus 2B (B2B); and Calsporin; and the essential oil blends Crina Poultry Plus (CPP) at 300 or 150 ppm in the first experiment; and CPP at 300 ppm and Crina Poultry AF at 100 ppm in experiment 2. Starter and grower diets contained the ionophore (Coban). Ileal and caecal samples were collected at 43 days of age from male broilers. The DNA of microbial populations was isolated from digesta samples and analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to generate percentage similarity coefficients (%SC) from band pattern dendrograms. Differences were observed in ileal and caecal populations depending on treatment, respectively, and especially between experiments. Broilers fed diets with probiotics had very similar MP. The EO CPP at 300 ppm resulted in ilea! MP similar to those observed in chickens fed probiotics. We concluded that antibiotic treatment affected ileal, but no caecal MP. More pronounced changes in ileal and caecal MP were seen in broilers at 43 days of age following probiotic and essential oil treatments. C1 [Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O.; Barbosa, Nei A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hume, Michael E.] ARS SPARC, USDA, FFSRU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Barbosa, Nei A.; Sakomura, Nilva K.] Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, FMVZ, Jaboticabal, Brazil. [Weber, Gilbert] DSM Nutr Prod Ltd, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland. [Wilson, Johnathan W.] DSM Nutr Prod Inc, Parsippany, NJ 07054 USA. RP Oviedo-Rondon, EO (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Box 7608, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM edgar_oviedo@ncsu.edu RI CA, Inct/J-9546-2013; Sakomura, Nilva/F-5716-2014 FU DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, New Jersey FX The authors acknowledge DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, New Jersey for providing funds to develop this project. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1758-1559 J9 AVIAN BIOL RES JI Avian Biol. Res. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 157 EP 169 DI 10.3184/175815511X12919853724050 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ornithology; Zoology SC Agriculture; Zoology GA 722WJ UT WOS:000287465700002 ER PT J AU Li, GX Lillehoj, HS Lee, KW Jang, SI Marc, P Gay, CG Ritter, GD Bautista, DA Phillips, K Neumann, AP Rehberger, TG Siragusa, GR AF Li, Guangxing Lillehoj, Hyun S. Lee, Kyung Woo Jang, Seung I. Marc, Pages Gay, Cyril G. Ritter, G. Donald Bautista, Daniel A. Phillips, Kathy Neumann, Anthony P. Rehberger, Thomas G. Siragusa, Gregory R. TI An outbreak of gangrenous dermatitis in commercial broiler chickens SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM SEPTICUM INFECTION; NECROTIC ENTERITIS; ALPHA-TOXIN; EIMERIA-MAXIMA; PERFRINGENS; POULTRY; IMMUNIZATION; CHALLENGE; PCR; PATHOGENESIS AB The present report describes an outbreak of gangrenous dermatitis (GD) infection in a commercial poultry farm in Delaware involving 34-day-old broiler chickens. In addition to obvious clinical signs, some GD-affected broilers also showed severe fibrino-necrotic enteritis and large numbers of Gram-positive rods in the necrotic tissue. Histopathological findings included haemorrhage, degeneration and necrosis of parenchymatous cells, especially of skin, muscle, and intestine. Immunofluorescence staining revealed Clostridium-like bacilli in the skin and the intestine. Both Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium septicum genomic sequences were identified by polymerase chain reaction in bacterial cultures isolated from the skin, muscle, and intestine, and in the frozen tissues from the GD-affected birds. Serological analysis demonstrated that both affected and clinically healthy birds from the same house had high serum antibody titres against C. perfringens, C. septicum, Eimeria, chick anaemia virus, and infectious bursal disease virus. These results are discussed in the context of the relationship between the different Clostridium spp. and the pathogenesis of GD. C1 [Li, Guangxing; Lillehoj, Hyun S.; Lee, Kyung Woo; Jang, Seung I.; Marc, Pages] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Li, Guangxing] NE Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China. [Ritter, G. Donald] Mountaire Farms Inc, Millsboro, DE 19966 USA. [Bautista, Daniel A.; Phillips, Kathy] Univ Delaware, Lasher Poultry Diagnost Lab, Georgetown, DE USA. [Neumann, Anthony P.; Rehberger, Thomas G.; Siragusa, Gregory R.] Danisco Agtech Prod Inc, Waukesha, WI 53186 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hyun.lillehoj@ars.usda.gov OI Lee, Kyung-Woo/0000-0002-3533-7979 FU ARS-USDA; Danisco/Agtech; China Scholarship Council from Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China FX The present project was supported by a Trust agreement between ARS-USDA and Danisco/Agtech. The authors thank Marjorie Nichols and Stacy Torreyson for technical assistance, and Dr Erik P. Lillehoj for editorial comments. G.L. was a short-term overseas visiting scholar supported by the China Scholarship Council from Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China. NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PY 2010 VL 39 IS 4 BP 247 EP 253 AR PII 925642803 DI 10.1080/03079457.2010.487517 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 637JX UT WOS:000280814700001 PM 20706880 ER PT J AU Li, GX Lillehoj, HS Lee, KW Lee, SH Park, MS Jang, SI Bauchan, GR Gay, CG Ritter, GD Bautista, DA Siragusa, GR AF Li, Guangxing Lillehoj, Hyun S. Lee, Kyung Woo Lee, Sung Hyen Park, Myeong Seon Jang, Seung I. Bauchan, Gary R. Gay, Cyril G. Ritter, G. Donald Bautista, Daniel A. Siragusa, Gregory R. TI Immunopathology and cytokine responses in commercial broiler chickens with gangrenous dermatitis SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; SEPTICUM ALPHA-TOXIN; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; NECROTIC ENTERITIS; LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS; EIMERIA-TENELLA; GENE-EXPRESSION; MACROPHAGES; CELLULITIS AB Gangrenous dermatitis (GD) is an emerging disease of increasing economic importance in poultry resulting from infection by Clostridium septicum and Clostridium perfringens type A. Lack of a reproducible disease model has been a major obstacle in understanding the immunopathology of GD. To gain better understanding of host-pathogen interactions in GD infection, we evaluated various immune parameters in two groups of birds from a recent commercial outbreak of GD, the first showing typical disease signs and pathological lesions (GD-like birds) and the second lacking clinical signs (GD-free birds). Our results revealed that GD-like birds showed: reduced T-cell and B-cell mitogen-stimulated lymphoproliferation; higher levels of serum nitric oxide and -1-acid glycoprotein; greater numbers of K55+, K1+, CD8+, and MHC class II+ intradermal lymphocytes, and increased K55+, K1+, CD8+, TCR1+, TCR2+, Bu1+, and MHC class II+ intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes; and increased levels of mRNAs encoding proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in skin compared with GD-free chickens. These results provide the first evidence of altered systemic and local (skin and intestine) immune responses in GD pathogenesis in chickens. C1 [Li, Guangxing; Lillehoj, Hyun S.; Lee, Kyung Woo; Lee, Sung Hyen; Park, Myeong Seon; Jang, Seung I.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Li, Guangxing] NE Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China. [Bauchan, Gary R.] ARS, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ritter, G. Donald] Mountaire Farms Inc, Millsboro, DE 19966 USA. [Bautista, Daniel A.] Univ Delaware, Poultry Diagnost Lab, Georgetown, DE USA. [Siragusa, Gregory R.] Danisco Agtech Prod Inc, Waukesha, WI 53186 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hyun.lillehoj@ars.usda.gov OI Lee, Kyung-Woo/0000-0002-3533-7979 FU ARS-USDA; Danisco/Agtech FX The present project was supported by a Trust agreement between ARS-USDA and Danisco/Agtech. The authors thank Marjorie Nichols and Stacy Torreyson for technical assistance. The professional comments from Erik P. Lillehoj, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School and Medicine, are greatly appreciated. Dr Guangxing Li was a short-term overseas visiting scholar of the China Scholarship Council to Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory from Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PY 2010 VL 39 IS 4 BP 255 EP 264 AR PII 925641238 DI 10.1080/03079457.2010.495382 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 637JX UT WOS:000280814700002 PM 20706881 ER PT J AU Mays, JK Silva, RF Lee, LF Fadly, AM AF Mays, Jody K. Silva, Robert F. Lee, Lucy F. Fadly, Aly M. TI Characterization of reticuloendotheliosis virus isolates obtained from broiler breeders, turkeys, and prairie chickens located in various geographical regions in the United States SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAREKS-DISEASE VACCINE; FOWL POXVIRUS; ENDANGERED ATTWATERS; HERPESVIRUS; LYMPHOMAS; STRAINS; GENOME; RETROVIRUS; INFECTION; SEQUENCES AB Nine reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) isolates obtained from broiler breeders, turkeys, and prairie chickens located in three different geographical regions in the USA, and three isolates obtained from known contaminated live-virus vaccines were characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) assays. All isolates were propagated in chicken embryo fibroblasts obtained from a specific pathogen free breeder flock. PCR analysis of all 12 isolates resulted in the amplification of the 291-bp REV long-terminal repeat region (LTR); none of the isolates exhibited a different pattern or shift from the expected PCR product of REV LTR. The subtype of the REV isolates was determined by IFA using REV-specific monoclonal antibodies, 11B118.22, 11C237.8, and 11D182. Results from sub-typing indicated that all nine isolates from broiler breeders, turkeys, and prairie chickens belonged to subtype 3, and are antigenically related to the chick syncytial virus (CSV) strain of REV, the prototype of subtype 3 REV. In contrast, the three isolates from contaminated vaccines were classified as subtype 2, and were antigenically related to spleen necrosis virus (SNV) strain of REV, the prototype of subtype 2 REV. Three isolates representing REV isolated from broiler breeders, turkeys, and prairie chickens were cloned and further evaluated by DNA sequence analysis of the envelope gene. Results from DNA sequence analysis confirmed those from sub-typing and indicated that the three REV isolates representing those from broiler breeders, turkeys, and prairie chickens are closely related to CSV of REV, with an amino acid homology of 98% or greater as compared with SNV with an amino acid homology of 95% or less. Data from this study clearly indicate that subtype 3 is the most common subtype of REV circulating in three different avian species, namely broiler breeders, turkeys and prairie chickens, located in three different geographical regions in the United States. C1 [Mays, Jody K.; Silva, Robert F.; Lee, Lucy F.; Fadly, Aly M.] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Fadly, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM fadly@msu.edu NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PY 2010 VL 39 IS 5 BP 383 EP 389 AR PII 928176183 DI 10.1080/03079457.2010.510828 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 665VX UT WOS:000283065100009 PM 20954015 ER PT J AU Nemeth, NM Thomas, NO Orahood, DS Anderson, TD Oesterle, PT AF Nemeth, Nicole M. Thomas, Nicholas O. Orahood, Darcy S. Anderson, Theodore D. Oesterle, Paul T. TI Shedding and serologic responses following primary and secondary inoculation of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) with low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WILD BIRDS; A VIRUSES; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; INFECTION; H5N1; CHICKENS; MALLARDS; DUCKS AB Waterfowl and shorebirds are well-recognized natural reservoirs of low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIV); however, little is known about the role of passerines in avian influenza virus ecology. Passerines are abundant, widespread, and commonly come into contact with free-ranging birds as well as captive game birds and poultry. We inoculated and subsequently challenged house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) with wild-bird origin LPAIV H3N8 to evaluate their potential role in transmission. Oropharyngeal shedding was short lived, and was detected in more starlings (97.2%) than sparrows (47.2%; n=36 of each). Cloacal shedding was rare in both species (8.3%; n=36 of each) and no cage-mate transmission occurred. Infectious LPAIV was cultured from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs and gastrointestinal and respiratory tissues from both species. Seroconversion was detected as early as 3 days post inoculation (d.p.i.) (16.7% of sparrows and 0% of starlings; n=6 each); 50% of these individuals seroconverted by 5 d.p.i., and nearly all birds (97%; n=35) seroconverted by 28 d.p.i. In general, pre-existing homologous immunity led to reduced shedding and increased antibody levels within 7 days of challenge. Limited shedding and lack of cage-mate transmission suggest that passerines are not significant reservoirs of LPAIV, although species differences apparently exist. Passerines readily and consistently seroconverted to LPAIV, and therefore inclusion of passerines in epidemiological studies of influenza outbreaks in wildlife and domestic animals may provide further insight into the potential involvement of passerines in avian influenza virus transmission ecology. C1 [Nemeth, Nicole M.; Thomas, Nicholas O.; Orahood, Darcy S.; Anderson, Theodore D.; Oesterle, Paul T.] USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Nemeth, NM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM nmnemeth@uga.edu NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PY 2010 VL 39 IS 5 BP 411 EP 418 AR PII 928176106 DI 10.1080/03079457.2010.513043 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 665VX UT WOS:000283065100013 PM 20954019 ER PT J AU Szendrei, Z Greenstone, MH Payton, ME Weber, DC AF Szendrei, Zsofia Greenstone, Matthew H. Payton, Mark E. Weber, Donald C. TI Molecular gut-content analysis of a predator assemblage reveals the effect of habitat manipulation on biological control in the field SO BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PCR; DNA detectability half-life; Target prey; Cover crop; Mulch; Coleoptera; Hemiptera; Heteroptera; Coccinellidae; Carabidae ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; TROPHIC CASCADES; PREY PREFERENCE; STRAW-MULCH; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COCCINELLIDAE; DENSITY; SPIDERS AB Habitat manipulation in agroecosystems can influence predator-prey interactions. In this study, we collected foliar predators from field potato plots with different mulch treatments and assayed them for DNA of the target prey. Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), using species-specific primers. Concurrently, L. decemlineata larval abundance and plant damage were recorded from the same plots. Predator species abundance and diversity were not influenced by habitat manipulation, while prey density was highest in plots without mulch. Gut-content analysis revealed that the highest incidence of predators positive for L. decemlineata DNA was in plots without mulch, where target prey abundance was highest. Therefore, the lower prey abundance in mulched plots was not due to predation. The most abundant species in the predator assemblage was Coleomegilla maculata, which had the lowest proportion of L. decemlineata DNA in the gut. Podisus maculiventris, Perillus bioculatus, and Lebia grandis were less abundant but had a higher incidence of target prey DNA in the gut. DNA detectability half-lives were used to adjust for inter-specific variation in DNA digestive rates of the four predator species. Using this information to adjust actual number of positives for prey DNA, we compared proportions positive for L. decemlineata and found that P. maculiventris is the most effective predator species in the complex. Published by Elsevier GmbH on behalf of Gesellschaft fur Okologie. C1 [Szendrei, Zsofia; Greenstone, Matthew H.; Weber, Donald C.] ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Payton, Mark E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Szendrei, Z (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, 439 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM szendrei@msu.edu FU ARS FX John Teasdale (USDA, ARS) gave us guidance in cover crop mulch choice and management. Dan Rowley (USDA, ARS, IIBBL) provided valuable advice on all aspects of the molecular work. The authors thank Andrew Hempstead and Lemma Kelly for technical assistance in the experiments. Thanks also to the BARC farm crew for maintenance of the fields. Z.S. was supported by an ARS Headquarters Postdoctoral Research Associateship to D.C.W. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1439-1791 J9 BASIC APPL ECOL JI Basic Appl. Ecol. PY 2010 VL 11 IS 2 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.baae.2009.10.006 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 584MX UT WOS:000276757400007 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA AF Sanderson, Matt A. TI Stability of production and plant species diversity in managed grasslands: A retrospective study SO BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; Ecosystem stability; Forage mixtures; Pastures ID NORTHEAST UNITED-STATES; REDUCES INVASIBILITY; TEMPERATE FORAGE; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; BIODIVERSITY; BIOMASS; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEM; MIXTURES; PASTURES AB Plant biodiversity theory suggests that increased plant species diversity contributes to the stability of ecosystems. In managed grasslands, such as pastures, greater stability of herbage production would be beneficial. In this retrospective study, I used data from three reports from the 1930s, 1940s, and 1960s to determine whether increasing mixture complexity contributed to yield stability with time. Yield data from a total of 175 mixtures of grasses and legumes (two to seven species per mixture) in experiments of 3-6 year duration in Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and Utah, USA, were used in the analysis. Regression was used to examine relationships among herbage yield, stability of yield [measured as the interannual coefficient of variation (CV)], and diversity measures [Shannon diversity index (H), species richness (S), and evenness (J)]. In several instances there was no relationship between herbage yield or yield stability and the complexity (number of species) of the mixture. In one experiment, the proportion of legume in the sward seemed to be the controlling factor regarding herbage yield and yield stability. Monocultures and binary mixtures frequently had the highest interannual CV (e.g., less yield stability) than more complex mixtures. Within forage mixtures, however, there was no consistent relationship between herbage yield or yield stability and measures of species diversity. Species identity and composition of forage mixtures may be more important determinants of herbage yield than simply the number of species. Published by Elsevier GmbH on behalf of Gesellschaft fur Okologie. C1 ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Matt.Sanderson@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 9 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1439-1791 J9 BASIC APPL ECOL JI Basic Appl. Ecol. PY 2010 VL 11 IS 3 BP 216 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.baae.2009.08.002 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 609OP UT WOS:000278666700004 ER PT S AU Earle, KA Schneider, DJ AF Earle, Keith A. Schneider, David J. BE MohammadDjafari, A Bercher, JF Bessiere, P TI Parameter Estimation as a Problem in Statistical Thermodynamics SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL Chamonix, FRANCE SP Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Inst Natl Rech Informat & Automat, Edwin T Jaynes Int Ctr Bayesian Methods & Maximum, DIGITEO, MaxEnt Workshops Inc, ProBAYES, ESIEE, Univ Paris Est, SUPELEC, Univ Paris Sud DE Maximum Entropy; Parameter Optimization; Statistical Physics ID INFORMATION THEORY; MECHANICS; RESONANCE AB In this work, we explore the connections between parameter fitting and statistical thermodynamics using the maxent principle of Jaynes as a starting point. In particular, we show how signal averaging may be described by a suitable one particle partition function, modified for the case of a variable number of particles. These modifications lead to an entropy that is extensive in the number of measurements in the average. Systematic error may be interpreted as a departure from ideal gas behavior. In addition, we show how to combine measurements from different experiments in an unbiased way in order to maximize the entropy of simultaneous parameter fitting. We suggest that fit parameters may be interpreted as generalized coordinates and the forces conjugate to them may be derived from the system partition function. From this perspective, the parameter fitting problem may be interpreted as a process where the system (spectrum) does work against internal stresses (non-optimum model parameters) to achieve a state of minimum free energy/maximum entropy. Finally, we show how the distribution function allows us to define a geometry on parameter space, building on previous work[1, 2]. This geometry has implications for error estimation and we outline a program for incorporating these geometrical insights into an automated parameter fitting algorithm. C1 [Earle, Keith A.] SUNY Albany, Dept Phys, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Schneider, David J.] Cornell Univ, USDA Agr Res Serv, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Earle, KA (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Phys, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM kearle@albany.edu FU Faculty Research Awards Program grant from the University at Albany FX This work was partially supported by a Faculty Research Awards Program grant from the University at Albany. The ACERT center at Cornell University is thanked for the use of its computational resources. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0860-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1305 BP 357 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics; Mathematics GA BUV69 UT WOS:000290469100041 ER PT B AU Cole, DN Yung, L AF Cole, David N. Yung, Laurie BE Cole, DN Yung, L TI Park and Wilderness Stewardship: The Dilemma of Management Intervention SO BEYOND NATURALNESS: RETHINKING PARK AND WILDERNESS STEWARDSHIP IN AN ERA OF RAPID CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cole, David N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. [Yung, Laurie] Univ Montana, Wilderness Inst, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Cole, DN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-509-6 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTU98 UT WOS:000288153300001 ER PT B AU Aplet, GH Cole, DN AF Aplet, Gregory H. Cole, David N. BE Cole, DN Yung, L TI The Trouble with Naturalness: Rethinking Park and Wilderness Goals SO BEYOND NATURALNESS: RETHINKING PARK AND WILDERNESS STEWARDSHIP IN AN ERA OF RAPID CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; RESTORATION; DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION; WILDNESS C1 [Aplet, Gregory H.] Wilderness Soc, Ecol & Econ Res Dept, Denver, CO USA. [Cole, David N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. RP Aplet, GH (reprint author), Wilderness Soc, Ecol & Econ Res Dept, Denver, CO USA. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-509-6 PY 2010 BP 12 EP 29 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTU98 UT WOS:000288153300002 ER PT B AU Hobbs, RJ Zavaleta, ES Cole, DN White, PS AF Hobbs, Richard J. Zavaleta, Erika S. Cole, David N. White, Peter S. BE Cole, DN Yung, L TI Evolving Ecological Understandings: The Implications of Ecosystem Dynamics SO BEYOND NATURALNESS: RETHINKING PARK AND WILDERNESS STEWARDSHIP IN AN ERA OF RAPID CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MANAGEMENT; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPES; SYSTEMS; CLIMATE C1 [Hobbs, Richard J.] Univ Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. [Zavaleta, Erika S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [White, Peter S.] Univ N Carolina, N Carolina Bot Garden, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Cole, David N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. RP Hobbs, RJ (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. RI Hobbs, Richard/F-5883-2010 OI Hobbs, Richard/0000-0003-4047-3147 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-509-6 PY 2010 BP 34 EP 49 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTU98 UT WOS:000288153300003 ER PT B AU Stephenson, NL Millar, CI Cole, DN AF Stephenson, Nathan L. Millar, Constance I. Cole, David N. BE Cole, DN Yung, L TI Shifting Environmental Foundations: The Unprecedented and Unpredictable Future SO BEYOND NATURALNESS: RETHINKING PARK AND WILDERNESS STEWARDSHIP IN AN ERA OF RAPID CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; RESPONSES; ECOLOGY; RESTORATION; COMMUNITIES; DEPOSITION; SURPRISES; DYNAMICS; YOSEMITE C1 [Stephenson, Nathan L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Millar, Constance I.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. [Cole, David N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. RP Stephenson, NL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-509-6 PY 2010 BP 50 EP 66 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTU98 UT WOS:000288153300004 ER PT B AU Yung, L Cole, DN Graber, DM Parsons, DJ Tonnessen, KA AF Yung, Laurie Cole, David N. Graber, David M. Parsons, David J. Tonnessen, Kathy A. BE Cole, DN Yung, L TI Changing Policies and Practices: The Challenge of Managing for Naturalness SO BEYOND NATURALNESS: RETHINKING PARK AND WILDERNESS STEWARDSHIP IN AN ERA OF RAPID CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NATIONAL-PARKS; NORTHERN RANGE; YELLOWSTONE; MANAGEMENT; FIRE; FOREST; WOLVES C1 [Yung, Laurie] Univ Montana, Wilderness Inst, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Cole, David N.; Parsons, David J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. [Tonnessen, Kathy A.] Univ Montana, Natl Pk Serv, Rocky Mt Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Yung, L (reprint author), Univ Montana, Wilderness Inst, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-509-6 PY 2010 BP 67 EP 83 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTU98 UT WOS:000288153300005 ER PT B AU Landres, P AF Landres, Peter BE Cole, DN Yung, L TI Let It Be: A Hands-Off Approach to Preserving Wildness in Protected Areas SO BEYOND NATURALNESS: RETHINKING PARK AND WILDERNESS STEWARDSHIP IN AN ERA OF RAPID CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; WILDERNESS; ECOSYSTEMS; FORESTS C1 US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Landres, P (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-509-6 PY 2010 BP 88 EP 105 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTU98 UT WOS:000288153300006 ER PT B AU Cole, DN Higgs, ES White, PS AF Cole, David N. Higgs, Eric S. White, Peter S. BE Cole, DN Yung, L TI Historical Fidelity: Maintaining Legacy and Connection to Heritage SO BEYOND NATURALNESS: RETHINKING PARK AND WILDERNESS STEWARDSHIP IN AN ERA OF RAPID CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; RESTORATION; VARIABILITY; ECOLOGY; FUTURE C1 [Cole, David N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. [Higgs, Eric S.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [White, Peter S.] Univ N Carolina, N Carolina Bot Garden, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Cole, DN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-509-6 PY 2010 BP 125 EP 141 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTU98 UT WOS:000288153300008 ER PT B AU Cole, DN Millar, CI Stephenson, NL AF Cole, David N. Millar, Constance I. Stephenson, Nathan L. BE Cole, DN Yung, L TI Responding to Climate Change: A Toolbox of Management Strategies SO BEYOND NATURALNESS: RETHINKING PARK AND WILDERNESS STEWARDSHIP IN AN ERA OF RAPID CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONSERVATION; FACE C1 [Cole, David N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. [Millar, Constance I.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. [Stephenson, Nathan L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Cole, DN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-509-6 PY 2010 BP 179 EP 196 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTU98 UT WOS:000288153300011 ER PT B AU White, PS Yung, L Cole, DN Hobbs, RJ AF White, Peter S. Yung, Laurie Cole, David N. Hobbs, Richard J. BE Cole, DN Yung, L TI Conservation at Large Scales: Systems of Protected Areas and Protected Areas in the Matrix SO BEYOND NATURALNESS: RETHINKING PARK AND WILDERNESS STEWARDSHIP IN AN ERA OF RAPID CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; DISTURBANCE; LANDSCAPE; DIVERSITY; NETWORKS; DYNAMICS C1 [White, Peter S.] Univ N Carolina, N Carolina Bot Garden, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Yung, Laurie] Univ Montana, Wilderness Inst, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hobbs, Richard J.] Univ Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. [Cole, David N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. RP White, PS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, N Carolina Bot Garden, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RI Hobbs, Richard/F-5883-2010 OI Hobbs, Richard/0000-0003-4047-3147 NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-509-6 PY 2010 BP 197 EP 215 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTU98 UT WOS:000288153300012 ER PT B AU Yung, L Cole, DN Hobbs, RJ AF Yung, Laurie Cole, David N. Hobbs, Richard J. BE Cole, DN Yung, L TI A Path Forward: Conserving Protected Areas in the Context of Global Environmental Change SO BEYOND NATURALNESS: RETHINKING PARK AND WILDERNESS STEWARDSHIP IN AN ERA OF RAPID CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; RESILIENCE; LANDSCAPES; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; PRIORITIES C1 [Yung, Laurie] Univ Montana, Wilderness Inst, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Cole, David N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. [Hobbs, Richard J.] Univ Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. RP Yung, L (reprint author), Univ Montana, Wilderness Inst, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Hobbs, Richard/F-5883-2010 OI Hobbs, Richard/0000-0003-4047-3147 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-509-6 PY 2010 BP 252 EP 269 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTU98 UT WOS:000288153300015 ER PT B AU Sela, DA Price, NPJ Mills, DA AF Sela, David A. Price, Neil P. J. Mills, David A. BE Mayo, B VanSinderen, D TI Metabolism of Bifidobacteria SO BIFIDOBACTERIA: GENOMICS AND MOLECULAR ASPECTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN-MILK OLIGOSACCHARIDES; N-BIOSE-I; ANIMALIS SUBSP LACTIS; GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASE FAMILY; INULIN-TYPE FRUCTANS; BETA-GALACTOSIDASES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SELECTIVE ISOLATION; BREVE UCC2003 AB The genus Bifidobacterium possesses a unique fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase pathway employed to ferment carbohydrates. Much metabolic research on bifidobacteria has focused on oligosaccharide metabolism as these carbohydrate polymers are available in their otherwise nutrient-limited habitats. Interestingly, infant-associated bifidobacterial phylotypes appear to have evolved the ability to ferment milk oligosaccharides, whereas adult-associated species utilize plant oligosaccharides, consistent with what they encounter in their respective environments. As breast-fed infants often harbour a bifidobacteria dominated gut microbiota, there have been numerous applications to mimic the bifidogenic properties of milk oligosaccharides. These are broadly classified as plant-derived fructo-oligosaccharides or dairy-derived galacto-oligosaccharides, which are differentially metabolized and distinct from milk oligosaccharide catabolism. In the following chapter we review bifidobacterial carbohydrate metabolism, as well as several other topics including nitrogen and iron metabolism. C1 [Sela, David A.] Univ Calif Davis, Microbiol Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Price, Neil P. J.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. [Mills, David A.] Univ Calif Davis, Robert Mondavi Inst Wine & Food Sci, Davis, CA USA. RP Sela, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Microbiol Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM neil.price@ars.usda.gov; damills@ucdavis.edu NR 176 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-904455-68-4 PY 2010 BP 45 EP 70 PG 26 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA BRH30 UT WOS:000282707400004 ER PT S AU Mattoo, AK Shukla, V Fatima, T Handa, AK Yachha, SK AF Mattoo, Autar K. Shukla, Vijaya Fatima, Tahira Handa, Avtar K. Yachha, Surender K. BE Giardi, MT Rea, G Berra, B TI Genetic Engineering to Enhance Crop-Based Phytonutrients (Nutraceuticals) to Alleviate Diet-Related Diseases SO BIO-FARMS FOR NUTRACEUTICALS: FUNCTIONAL FOOD AND SAFETY CONTROL BY BIOSENSORS SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; TRANSGENIC TOMATO PLANTS; ANTI PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITIES; RNAI-MEDIATED SUPPRESSION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL CONTENT; VITAMIN-A-DEFICIENCY; BETA-CAROTENE; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; SYNTHASE GENE; FOLATE BIOFORTIFICATION AB Nutrition studies have provided unambiguous evidence that a number of human health maladies including chronic coronary artery, hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, cancer and age- and lifestyle-related diseases are associated with the diet. Several favorable and a few deleterious natural dietary ingredients have been identified that predispose human populations to various genetic and epigenetic based disorders. Media dissemination of this information has greatly raised public awareness of the beneficial effects due to increased consumption of fruit, vegetables and whole grain cereals-foods rich in phytonutrients, protein and fiber. However, the presence of intrinsically low levels of the beneficial phytonutrients in the available genotypes of crop plants is not always at par with the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for different phytonutrients (nutraceuticals). Molecular engineering of crop plants has offered a number of tools to markedly enhance intracellular concentrations of some of the beneficial nutrients, levels that, in some cases, are closer to the RDA threshold. This review brings together literature on various strategies utilized for bioengineering both major and minor crops to increase the levels of desirable phytonutrients while also decreasing the concentrations of deleterious metabolites. Some of these include increases in: protein level in potato; lysine in corn and rice; methionine in alfalfa; carotenoids (beta-carotene, phytoene, lycopene, zeaxanthin and lutein) in rice, potato, canola, tomato; choline in tomato; folates in rice, corn, tomato and lettuce; vitamin C in corn and lettuce; polyphenolics such as flavonol, isoflavone, resveratrol, chlorogenic acid and other flavonoids in tomato; anthocyanin levels in tomato and potato; a-tocopherol in soybean, oil seed, lettuce and potato; iron and zinc in transgenic rice. Also, molecular engineering has succeeded in considerably reducing the levels of the offending protein glutelin in rice, offering proof of concept and a new beginning for the development of super-low glutelin cereals for celiac disease patients. C1 [Mattoo, Autar K.] ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mattoo, AK (reprint author), ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM autar.mattoo@ars.usda.gov RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 129 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 36 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4419-7346-7 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2010 VL 698 BP 122 EP 143 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7347-4 PG 22 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BST92 UT WOS:000285800300010 PM 21520708 ER PT J AU Tang, GW AF Tang, Guangwen BE Watson, RR Preedy, VR TI Spinach and Carrots: Vitamin A and Health SO BIOACTIVE FOODS IN PROMOTING HEALTH: FRUITS AND VEGETABLES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIETARY-FAT; CAROTENE; FOODS; RISK C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tang, GW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-087787-7 PY 2010 BP 381 EP 392 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374628-3.00025-6 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BCU17 UT WOS:000311394000026 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JG Moser, SE Hellmich, RL Seagraves, MP AF Lundgren, Jonathan G. Moser, Susan E. Hellmich, Richard L. Seagraves, Michael P. TI The effects of diet on herbivory by a predaceous lady beetle SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coccinellidae; Coleomegilla maculata; facultative phytophagy; nutrition; predation; omnivory ID HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS COLEOPTERA; ALTERNATIVE FOODS; COCCINELLIDAE AB We hypothesize that herbivory by predators is affected by the complexity of their diet. Coleomegilla maculata larvae fed prey - Acyrthosiphon pisum or Ostrinia nubilalis eggs - consumed two to three times more plant tissue (pinto beans) than those fed a mixed diet (containing pollen substitute and prey-based components). Simple, prey-only diets appear to lack plant-based nutrients important to this predator. C1 [Lundgren, Jonathan G.; Seagraves, Michael P.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Moser, Susan E.; Hellmich, Richard L.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM Jonathan.Lundgren@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 21 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 AR PII 927276322 DI 10.1080/09583157.2010.524917 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 685PA UT WOS:000284639400004 ER PT J AU Tipping, PW Center, TD Sosa, AJ Dray, FA AF Tipping, P. W. Center, T. D. Sosa, A. J. Dray, F. A. TI Host specificity assessment and potential impact of Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on waterhyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiales: Pontederiaceae) SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control of weeds; host specificity; Eichhornia crassipes ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BERG HEMIPTERA; MART SOLMS; CANDIDATE AB The delphacid Megamelus scutellaris Berg was evaluated for host specificity and potential impact as part of a biological control program targeting Eichhornia. crassipes. Survival and development of adults and nymphs were used as metrics with no-choice, two-choice, nymph transfer, and sustainability tests conducted under quarantine conditions. A total of 69 plant species were tested including 12 from the Pontederiaceae (including E. crassipes). Additionally, 27 native and 5 exotic associated wetland species and 11 economic species were tested. Megamelus scutellaris exhibited a high level of oviposition and developmental fidelity to E. crassipes by failing to sustain populations on any non-target test plant past the F1 generation. Nymph transfer tests which simulated potential spill-over events found that survival was virtually non-existent on associated wetland plants, regardless of taxonomic relatedness, including on Pontederia cordata, an important and widespread native species. Eichhornia crassipes plants exposed to two consecutive generations of feeding produced 66.9% less biomass and 73.4% fewer leaves than those in the controls. We conclude that Megamelus scutellaris is safe to release on E. crassipes in the United States. C1 [Tipping, P. W.; Center, T. D.; Dray, F. A.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. [Sosa, A. J.] ARS, USDA, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Hurlingham, Argentina. RP Tipping, PW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. EM philip.tipping@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 21 IS 1 BP 75 EP 87 AR PII 927313920 DI 10.1080/09583157.2010.525739 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 685PA UT WOS:000284639400005 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Pemberton, RW AF Lee, Jang-Hoon Pemberton, Robert W. TI Parasitoid complex of the Asian gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Primorye Territory, Russian Far East SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; Russia Far East; parasitoids ID NATURAL ENEMIES; AUSTRIA; LARVAL; KOREA; LEP AB A study of the moth parasitoid complex attacking gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) was carried out in Primorye territory, Russia Far East. Season-long collections at three sites in the Vladivostok area and collections at seven sites of central region of Primorye revealed the 18 primary parasites: one egg parasitoid, 11 larval parasitoids, one larval-pupal parasitoid, one parasitic nematode, one ectoparasitoid, and three diseases including NPV (nuclear polyhedrosis virus) and Entomophaga maimaiga. Phobocampe species (Ichneumonidae) dominated the parasitoid complex, parasitizing 5.5% of the larvae in the Vladivostok area and 9.3% in central Primorye, rates which are much higher than those detected from other Asiatic regions of Russia and Northeastern Asia. The insect parasitoid complex was found to be somewhat depauperate. The 11.8% average total parasitism in eastern Russian is similar to the 12% recorded in the US. Both regions have large gypsy moth outbreaks, but other factors including diseases have compensated for the rather low mortality exerted by the parasitoid complex in the Russian Far East. C1 [Lee, Jang-Hoon] Dongguk Univ, Res Inst Nat Sci, Seoul 100715, South Korea. [Pemberton, Robert W.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Dongguk Univ, Res Inst Nat Sci, Seoul 100715, South Korea. EM ecojhl@dongguk.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 EI 1360-0478 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 2 BP 197 EP 211 DI 10.1080/09583150903447802 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 542FA UT WOS:000273476900006 ER PT J AU Slininger, PJ Dunlap, CA Schisler, DA AF Slininger, Patricia J. Dunlap, Christopher A. Schisler, David A. TI Polysaccharide production benefits dry storage survival of the biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens S11:P:12 effective against several maladies of stored potatoes SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; gram-negative bacteria; biological control; sprout inhibitor; biological fungicide; late blight; dry rot; pink rot; microbial exopolysaccharide; marginalan; cell survival; dry storage ID SUPPRESS TAKE-ALL; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION; FUSARIUM-WILT; ROT; DESICCATION; MIXTURES; WHEAT; COMBINATION; ANTAGONISTS AB Pseudomonas fluorescens S11:P:12 (NRRL B-21133) is a biological control agent able to suppress several potato diseases and sprouting. Notably, it produces a polysaccharide during liquid cultivation, and the objective of this work was to determine the role of this material in the bio-control process. First, the polysaccharide was isolated, purified and identified as marginalan, which accumulated to similar to 3.3 g/L in cultures. The bioactivity of isolated marginalan applied alone or in combination with washed cells of strain S11:P:12 was tested in potato bioassays of dry rot and pink rot suppressiveness and sprout inhibition. Since the formulation and storage of a dried biocontrol product is preferred for commercial use, the impact of marginalan on cell survival during drying and storage was also studied. Washed bacteria formulated with 0-6.6 g/L polysaccharide were either applied to Hyflo granules, then slowly dried for 24 h with airflow at 50-60% relative humidity, or in 1-mu L droplets placed in replicate wells of a micro-plate, then quickly dried for 1 h in a biohazard hood. Both Hyflo and micro-plate dry storage results indicated that marginalan significantly reduced cell death after drying, such that the final stable viable cell density was 2.5-5 orders of magnitude greater, respectively, than if no marginalan were included with cells. Marginalan had no significant impact on disease or sprout suppression by strain S11:P:12, and its main benefit to biocontrol was viable cell preservation during drying and storage. When marginalan was formulated with other selected P. fluorescens strains, its benefits to drying and storage survival were again evident (especially after 4 degrees C instead of 25 degrees C storage), but its effects were more subtle than for strain S11:P:12, and dry rot suppression was not impacted. C1 [Slininger, Patricia J.; Dunlap, Christopher A.; Schisler, David A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop BioProtect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Slininger, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop BioProtect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM pat.slininger@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 3 BP 227 EP 244 DI 10.1080/09583150903469525 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 542FB UT WOS:000273477000001 ER PT J AU Lacey, LA Headrick, HL Horton, DR Schreiber, A AF Lacey, Lawrence A. Headrick, Heather L. Horton, David R. Schreiber, Alan TI Effect of a granulovirus on mortality and dispersal of potato tuber worm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in refrigerated storage warehouse conditions SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE potato tuber worm; Phthorimaea operculella; granulovirus; tuber storage; Solanum tuberosum ID PHTHORIMAEA-OPERCULELLA ZELLER; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; MOTH; MANAGEMENT; KURSTAKI; TUNISIA; POGV AB Potato tuber worm (PTW), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is a world-wide pest of potato. In rustic stores, PTW larvae can infest 100% of stored tubers. Treatment of tubers in rustic stores with the PTW granulovirus (PoGV) has been demonstrated to protect stored tubers. This is the first study to show the effects of PoGV for protection of tubers stored in refrigerated warehouse conditions. Tubers were treated by dipping in aqueous suspensions of PoGV or water. An estimated 0.0819 larval equivalents of virus or 1.88 x 10(9) viral occlusion bodies were deposited on each kilogram of tubers. They were held at 16 degrees C for 11 days before lowering the temperature by 0.5 degrees C per day until 10 degrees C was reached. The tubers were stored at this temperature for 53 days. Mean numbers of infested tubers at the end of the assay was affected by both pre-infestation rate and virus treatment. Mean numbers of infested tubers in the control treatment was 3 tubers per chamber higher than in the virus treatment providing strong evidence that PoGV controlled larvae and minimized spread into un-infested tubers. Of the larvae that were retrieved in virus-treated infested tubers, the mean mortality was 87% compared to 37% in controls. C1 [Lacey, Lawrence A.; Headrick, Heather L.; Horton, David R.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Schreiber, Alan] Agr Dev Grp, Eltopia, WA 99330 USA. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM lerry.lacey@ars.usda.gov FU Washington State Potato Commission (WSPC); Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration FX We thank the Washington State Potato Commission (WSPC) and the Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration for funding our research. We also thank Andrew Jensen for information, suggestions and for providing Figure 1B from the WSPC archives. We are grateful to Joe Dean for furnishing the tubers used in our studies. Rick Knowles, Washington State University, designed and helped to construct the storage cabinets and chambers. We also thank Don Hostetter, Steven Arthurs and Joseph Munyaneza for their comments and suggestions on the manuscript. We appreciate the assistance of our hard working crew, Dana Jones, Belinda Bray Bishop, Francisco de la Rosa, Sage Heagen, and Jennifer Fauth. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 4 BP 437 EP 447 DI 10.1080/09583150903522125 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 555QP UT WOS:000274528900009 ER PT J AU Dunlap, CA Schisler, DA AF Dunlap, Christopher A. Schisler, David A. TI Fluidized-bed drying and storage stability of Cryptococcus flavescens OH 182.9, a biocontrol agent of Fusarium head blight SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptococcus flavescens; fluidized-bed; drying; desorption isotherm ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BREWERS-YEAST; WATER AB A method to produce dried granules of Cryptococcus flavescens (formerly Cryptococcus nodaensis) OH 182.9 was developed and the granules evaluated for storage stability. Small spherical granules were produced and dried using a fluidized-bed dryer. A drying and survival curve was produced for the process of fluidized-bed drying at 30 degrees C. The granules were dried to different moisture contents (4, 7, 9 and 12%) and evaluated for storage stability at 4 degrees C for up to a year. These different moisture contents granules had the following respective water activities (0.22, 0.38, 0.47 and 0.57 a(w)). The results show the storage stability varied significantly across this moisture content range. The 9% moisture content sample had the best short-term stability (up to 4 months), while 4% moisture content had the best long-term survival (1 year). A desorption isotherm of C. flavescens was determined and modeled. The results of the storage stability and drying studies are interpreted in context of the desorption isotherm. C1 [Dunlap, Christopher A.; Schisler, David A.] ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dunlap, CA (reprint author), ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM christopher.dunlap@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Technical support provided by Julie Byrd and Jennifer Sloan is greatly appreciated. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 EI 1360-0478 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 5 BP 465 EP 474 DI 10.1080/09583150903572377 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 555QT UT WOS:000274529300002 ER PT J AU Pemberton, RW Witkus, GL AF Pemberton, Robert W. Witkus, Gloria L. TI Laboratory host range testing of Lilioceris sp near impressa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) - a potential biological control agent of air potato, Dioscorea bulbifera (Dioscoreaceae) SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air potato; Chrysomelidae; Dioscoreaceae; host-specificity tests; weed biological control ID SPECIFICITY AB Air potato, Dioscorea bulbifera, is an invasive, herbaceous, climbing vine, which dominates invaded native vegetation in Florida. The fortuitous discovery of Lilioceris sp. near impressa defoliating D. bulbifera vines and feeding on the bulbils (aerial tubers) in the Katmandu Valley of Nepal initiated a project to assess the potential of this leaf beetle for biological control of air potato in Florida. Quarantine host specificity tests were conducted on 41 plant species in 24 families and 13 orders, with 26 species outside of the Dioscoreaceae and 15 species within the Dioscoreaceae. Adults test fed (nibbled) on 4/12 of tested Dioscorea species, but no larval feeding or development occurred on any plant other than the target, D. bulbifera. The larvae feed gregariously and quickly skeletonize offered leaves of air potato. Air potato bulbils that received any feeding damage to the primary meristematic region did not sprout. The ability of the beetle larvae and adults to feed on the bulbils is important because in Florida, the plant rarely flowers or produces fruit, so these aerial tubers are the primary means of persistence and spread. The adults can live for several months without food. This extremely specialized herbivore from part of the weed's native range appears to have great promise as a biological control of air potato. C1 [Pemberton, Robert W.; Witkus, Gloria L.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. RP Pemberton, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. EM robert.pemberton@ars.usda.gov FU Bureau of Invasive Plant Management; Southwest Florida Water Management District FX The Division of Entomology of the Nepalese Agricultural Research Council reared and supplied the beetles used during the tests. Sanjay Bista, Salmudra Joshi and Pradhan Shree Baba are especially thanked for this fine cooperative effort. Lauren Raz, formerly of Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, and Joanne Pemberton helped locate and collect test plants in Puerto Rico. Fairchild Garden kindly grew the collected Puerto Rican plants. Luke Kasarjian acquired additional test plants and grew them with assistance from Gloria Witkus. Gloria Witkus, Hong Liu and Rachel Taylor assisted with the testing. Hong Liu provided the statistical test and box plot. Robert Kula, research entomologist with the USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory identified the ichneumonid pupal parasitoid, Callidora sp. Funding for the research was provided by the Bureau of Invasive Plant Management, formerly of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, and currently of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; and the Southwest Florida Water Management District. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 6 BP 567 EP 587 DI 10.1080/09583150903531332 PG 21 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 590VG UT WOS:000277255800002 ER PT J AU Allen, ML Walker, WB AF Allen, Margaret L. Walker, William B., III TI Expressed sequence reference standards for evaluating stage-specific gene expression in the southern green lacewing, Chrysoperla rufilabris SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHRYSOPIDAE; NEUROPTERA; SELECTION; QUALITY C1 [Allen, Margaret L.; Walker, William B., III] USDA ARS, BCPRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Allen, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, BCPRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM meg.allen@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 6 BP 589 EP 593 DI 10.1080/09583151003657969 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 590VG UT WOS:000277255800003 ER PT J AU Cossentine, JE Judd, GJR Bissett, JD Lacey, LA AF Cossentine, J. E. Judd, G. J. R. Bissett, J. D. Lacey, L. A. TI Susceptibility of apple clearwing moth larvae, Synanthedon myopaeformis (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) to Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Synanthedon myopaeformis; Beauveria bassiana; Metarhizium brunneum; entomopathogenic fungi; biological control ID ORCHARDS; BORER; AEGERIIDAE; STEINERNEMA; MORTALITY; EFFICACY; BIOLOGY; JORDAN AB Apple clearwing moth larvae, Synanthedon myopaeformis (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) were found to be susceptible to infection by two entomopathogenic fungi: an indigenous fungus isolated from S. myopaeformis cadavers and identified as Metarhizium brunneum (Petch); and Beauveria bassiana isolate GHA. In laboratory bioassays, larvae exhibited dose related mortality after exposure to both the M. brunneum and Beauveria bassiana with 7 day LC50's of 2.9 x 10(5) and 3.4 x 10(5) spores/mL, respectively. Larval mortalities caused by the two isolates at 1 x 10(6) spores/mL were not significantly different and 73% of the M. brunneum-treated, and 76% of the B. bassiana-treated larvae were dead 7 days post treatment, with LT50' s of 5.5 and 5.1 days, respectively. C1 [Cossentine, J. E.; Judd, G. J. R.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada. [Bissett, J. D.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereals & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Lacey, L. A.] USDA ARS, Wapato, WA USA. RP Cossentine, JE (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada. EM joan.cossentine@agr.gc.ca NR 25 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 7 BP 703 EP 707 DI 10.1080/09583151003690390 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 607JD UT WOS:000278497600004 ER PT J AU Slininger, PJ Schisler, DA Shea-Andersh, MA Sloan, JM Woodell, LK Frazier, MJ Olsen, NL AF Slininger, Patricia J. Schisler, David A. Shea-Andersh, Maureen A. Sloan, Jennifer M. Woodell, Lynn K. Frazier, Mary Jo Olsen, Nora L. TI Multi-strain co-cultures surpass blends for broad spectrum biological control of maladies of potatoes in storage SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; gram-negative bacteria; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Enterobacter cloacae; biological control; sprout inhibitor; biological fungicide; late blight; dry rot; pink rot; co-culture; mixed culture; mixed strain ID FUSARIUM DRY ROT; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NODAENSIS OH-182.9; LIQUID CULTURE PRODUCTION; QUORUM-SENSING SYSTEM; PHENAZINE ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE S11-T-07; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS 2-79; SUPPRESS TAKE-ALL; EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION; COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM AB Pseudomonas fluorescens strains S11:P:12, P22:Y:05, and S22:T:04 and Enterobacter cloacae strain S11:T:07 have been documented to suppress four important storage potato maladies - dry rot, late blight, pink rot, and sprouting. This research investigates the efficacy and consistency of strain mixtures produced by co-culturing strains together in one vessel or by blending them together after separate cultivations in pure cultures. Pure and co-cultures were produced in flask or fermentor cultures, viable cell concentrations were assessed using a nutrient-based selective plating method to identify and enumerate strains, and the efficacy of treatments was assessed with respect to dry rot, pink rot, late blight or sprout suppression. Experiments were designed to analyze dry rot suppression versus all strain combinations and the combination method (co-culture or blend). Results of a two-way analysis of variance of disease with strain composition and combination method showed that significantly better dry rot suppression was obtained by co-cultures (30.3+/-2.4% relative disease) than by similar strain blends of pure cultures (41.3+/-2.4%) (P<0.001). During a 3-year study, both biocontrol efficacy and consistency were assessed in 16 laboratory and small pilot trials simulating commercial storages. Three-strain co-culture had a lower mean disease rating than the blend in 9 of 16 experiments examining control of the three diseases and sprouting. The co-culture led other treatments in incidences of significant malady reduction relative to the control:14 of 16 attempts for co-culture, 11 of 16 attempts for blend, 10 of 13 attempts for pure S11:P:12, 8 of 13 attempts for S22:T:04, and 9 of 13 attempts for P22:Y:05. Using relative performance indices to rank treatment performance across all experiments, the co-culture treatment ranked significantly higher than the blend. A synergy analysis suggested that co-culturing strains stimulated inter-strain activities to boost biocontrol efficacy and consistency, a feature not developed in strains grown separately and mixed just prior to addition to potatoes. C1 [Slininger, Patricia J.; Shea-Andersh, Maureen A.] ARS, Bioenergy Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. [Schisler, David A.; Sloan, Jennifer M.] ARS, Crop BioProtect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. [Woodell, Lynn K.; Frazier, Mary Jo; Olsen, Nora L.] Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID USA. RP Slininger, PJ (reprint author), ARS, Bioenergy Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. EM pat.slininger@ars.usda.gov FU UIKREC, Kimberly, ID; NCAUR, Peoria, IL; Northwest Agricultural Products FX We wish to thank Northwest Agricultural Products for their helpful discussions and financial support of the research presented. We also wish to thank Mr Shane Clayson and Dr Jeff Miller (University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID) for their assistance in preparing the P. erythroseptica inoculums used in the small pilot experiments conducted at Kimberly. We also thank Tina Brandt, Gene Jagels, and Maria Chavez (UIKREC, Kimberly, ID) and Valerie Kaeding (NCAUR, Peoria, IL) for excellent scientific support given to this project. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 8 BP 763 EP 786 DI 10.1080/09583151003717201 PG 24 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 622OY UT WOS:000279674300001 ER PT J AU Mejri, D Berner, D Souissi, T AF Mejri, Dorsaf Berner, Dana Souissi, Thouraya TI Evaluation of Puccinia carduorum for biological control of Carduus pycnocephalus in Tunisia SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Italian thistle; rust fungus; classical biological control; Tunisia ID FUNGUS UROMYCLADIUM-TEPPERIANUM; TREE ACACIA-SALIGNA; PHRAGMIDIUM-VIOLACEUM; EUROPEAN BLACKBERRY; SKELETON WEED; UNITED-STATES; CONTROL AGENT; SOUTH-AFRICA; RUST; IMPACT AB Puccinia carduorum, a rust fungus from Italian thistle in Tunisia, was most aggressive on young growth stages of the weed in greenhouse tests. Repeated inoculations with the fungus significantly reduced weed biomass. Host-range tests suggest the fungus may be a safe biological control agent of Italian thistle in Tunisia. C1 [Mejri, Dorsaf; Souissi, Thouraya] Inst Natl Agron Tunisie, Tunis 1082, Tunisia. [Berner, Dana] ARS, Foreign Disease Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Souissi, T (reprint author), Inst Natl Agron Tunisie, Tunis 1082, Tunisia. EM tsouissi@alinto.com FU USDA FX The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance provided by Mounir Kasri, Mohamed Bentaieb and Ahlem Bahrouni, Laboratory of Botany and Weed Science, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie. This study was supported by the USDA project (Tunisia-US collaboration on biological control of weeds with plant pathogens). NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 8 BP 787 EP 790 DI 10.1080/09583151003783302 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 622OY UT WOS:000279674300002 ER PT J AU Overholt, WA Diaz, R Markle, L Medal, JC AF Overholt, William A. Diaz, Rodrigo Markle, Larry Medal, J. C. TI The effect of Gratiana boliviana (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) herbivory on growth and population density of tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum) in Florida SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE weed; biological control; evaluation; intrinsic rate of increase; exclusion ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; SOLANACEAE AB The effect of herbivory by Gratiana boliviana Spaeth (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on the invasive, tropical soda apple (TSA) (Solanum viarum Dunal, Solanaceae), was investigated using exclusion methods and by monitoring the density of G. boliviana and the weed at four locations over a period of 40 months. TSA plants protected by insecticide were taller, wider, and had greater canopy cover that unprotected plants, and plants in closed cages were taller and wider than those in open cages. Survival of plants was higher in plots protected with insecticide than in unprotected plots in both years of a 2-year study. In the population dynamics study, the initial density of TSA was 4 5 times higher at one of the locations than at the other three sites, but within 3 years, TSA density at the high density site had declined by 90%. At the three sites which initially had a low abundance of TSA, density remained low throughout the study. The intrinsic rate of increase of G. boliviana varied between -3.9 and 4.5, but over the 3-year study, was not different from zero, indicating a stable population. The intrinsic rate of increase was lower than zero for the period from October to January, and greater than zero during the January to April period. In the periods from April to July and July to October, the rate of increase was not different from zero. The implications of these results for biological control of TSA in Florida are discussed. C1 [Overholt, William A.; Diaz, Rodrigo] Univ Florida, Biol Control Res & Containment Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34954 USA. [Markle, Larry] ARS, USDA, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Medal, J. C.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Overholt, WA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Biol Control Res & Containment Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34954 USA. EM billover@ufl.edu FU Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry; Animal Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture FX We would like to thank Jackie Markle, Ben Anuforum and Ana Samayoa for laboratory and field assistance. We are also most grateful to Mr Buzz Eaves and Ms Pat Modine for their interest in biological control and for providing access to land to conduct the studies. Finally, we would like to thank the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry and the Animal Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture for providing the funding for the research. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 8 BP 791 EP 807 DI 10.1080/09583151003782551 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 622OY UT WOS:000279674300003 ER PT J AU Lacey, LA Shapiro-Ilan, DI Glenn, GM AF Lacey, Lawrence A. Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Glenn, Gregory M. TI Post-application of anti-desiccant agents improves efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes in formulated host cadavers or aqueous suspension against diapausing codling moth larvae (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE codling moth; Cydia pomonella; entomopathogenic nematodes; Steinernema carpocapsae; Steinernema feltiae; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; formulation ID CYDIA-POMONELLA LEPIDOPTERA; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; APPLE ORCHARDS; MANAGEMENT; PESTS; RHABDITIDA; COLEOPTERA; INFECTION; ADJUVANTS; MULCHES AB Codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella (L.) is the most serious pest of apple and other pome fruit worldwide. In temperate climates, diapausing cocooned larvae make up 100% of the population. Control of this stage would reduce or eliminate damage by first generation CM in late spring and early summer. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are good candidates for control of CM in the cryptic habitats where the larvae overwinter. The two predominant limiting factors for EPNs are adequate moisture and temperatures below 15 degrees C. Formulation that maintains moisture and enables survival of EPN infective juveniles (IJs) until they can infect overwintering larvae would significantly improve their utility for protection of apple, pear and walnut. In laboratory studies conducted in moist mulch (consisting of apple and conifer wood), Galleria mellonella (L.) larvae infected with Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser), S. feltiae (Filipjev), or Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar and coated with starch and clay, produced mean mortalities of 42, 88, and 24%, respectively in CM larvae. Mulched field plots treated with formulated S. carpocapsae- or S. feltiae-infected G. mellonella larvae, then followed by an application of wood flour foam as an anti-desiccant, resulted in 56 and 86% mortality, respectively. Comparative tests of aqueous suspensions of S. carpocapsae IJs applied to cardboard bands on apple tree trunks followed by water, fire retardant gel or foam resulted in 11, 35, and 85% respective mortalities. Identical tests with S. feltiae resulted in 20, 19, and 97% respective mortalities. Our research with cadaver formulations of EPNs in mulch and aqueous suspensions on tree trunks combined with anti-desiccant agents, demonstrated significant improvement in larvicidal activity for diapausing cocooned CM larvae. C1 [Lacey, Lawrence A.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98908 USA. [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Glenn, Gregory M.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98908 USA. EM lerry.lacey@ars.usda.gov FU Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program FX We thank our reviewers, Don Hostetter and Ted Cottrell for their constructive comments and suggestions. We gratefully appreciate the technical assistance provided by Heather Headrick, Dana Jones, Belinda Bray Bishop, Jennifer Fauth, and Kathy Halat during the course of this study. This project was funded by a grant from the Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 9 BP 909 EP 921 AR PII 922363233 DI 10.1080/09583157.2010.493272 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 619PZ UT WOS:000279443400003 ER PT J AU Nelson, RT Avraham, S Shoemaker, RC May, GD Ware, D Gessler, DDG AF Nelson, Rex T. Avraham, Shulamit Shoemaker, Randy C. May, Gregory D. Ware, Doreen Gessler, Damian D. G. TI Applications and methods utilizing the Simple Semantic Web Architecture and Protocol (SSWAP) for bioinformatics resource discovery and disparate data and service integration SO BIODATA MINING LA English DT Article ID PLANT STRUCTURE; ONTOLOGY; GRAMENE; BIOLOGY; SYSTEM AB Background: Scientific data integration and computational service discovery are challenges for the bioinformatic community. This process is made more difficult by the separate and independent construction of biological databases, which makes the exchange of data between information resources difficult and labor intensive. A recently described semantic web protocol, the Simple Semantic Web Architecture and Protocol (SSWAP; pronounced "swap") offers the ability to describe data and services in a semantically meaningful way. We report how three major information resources (Gramene, SoyBase and the Legume Information System [LIS]) used SSWAP to semantically describe selected data and web services. Methods: We selected high-priority Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL), genomic mapping, trait, phenotypic, and sequence data and associated services such as BLAST for publication, data retrieval, and service invocation via semantic web services. Data and services were mapped to concepts and categories as implemented in legacy and de novo community ontologies. We used SSWAP to express these offerings in OWL Web Ontology Language (OWL), Resource Description Framework (RDF) and eXtensible Markup Language (XML) documents, which are appropriate for their semantic discovery and retrieval. We implemented SSWAP services to respond to web queries and return data. These services are registered with the SSWAP Discovery Server and are available for semantic discovery at http://sswap.info. Results: A total of ten services delivering QTL information from Gramene were created. From SoyBase, we created six services delivering information about soybean QTLs, and seven services delivering genetic locus information. For LIS we constructed three services, two of which allow the retrieval of DNA and RNA FASTA sequences with the third service providing nucleic acid sequence comparison capability (BLAST). Conclusions: The need for semantic integration technologies has preceded available solutions. We report the feasibility of mapping high priority data from local, independent, idiosyncratic data schemas to common shared concepts as implemented in web-accessible ontologies. These mappings are then amenable for use in semantic web services. Our implementation of approximately two dozen services means that biological data at three large information resources (Gramene, SoyBase, and LIS) is available for programmatic access, semantic searching, and enhanced interaction between the separate missions of these resources. C1 [Nelson, Rex T.; Shoemaker, Randy C.] USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Avraham, Shulamit; Ware, Doreen] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [May, Gregory D.] Natl Ctr Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. [Ware, Doreen] USDA ARS, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Gessler, Damian D. G.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Gessler, DDG (reprint author), Univ Arizona, 1657 E Helen St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM dgessler@iplantcollaborative.org FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0516487, 703908]; NSF Plant Cyberinfrastructure Program [EF-0735191]; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) [3625-21000-038-01] FX Many thanks to Gary Schlitz for software engineering on SSWAP; to Selene Virk for software development on the LIS services, and Lincoln Stein for contributions. We would also like to acknowledge David Grant, SoyBase curator for contributions to the formation of the SoyBase services. We also thank Ken Youens-Clark and Jim Thomason for critical review of the manuscript. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grants #0516487, #703908, and the NSF Plant Cyberinfrastructure Program (#EF-0735191); by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Specific Cooperative Agreement 3625-21000-038-01. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-0381 J9 BIODATA MIN JI BioData Min. PY 2010 VL 3 AR UNSP 3 DI 10.1186/1756-0381-3-3 PG 14 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA V29PU UT WOS:000208761100003 PM 20525377 ER PT B AU Anderson, RL AF Anderson, Randy L. BE Lichtfouse, E TI Synergism Among Crops to Improve Dryland Crop Production SO BIODIVERSITY, BIOFUELS, AGROFORESTRY AND CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE SE Sustainable Agriculture Reviews LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Crop diversity; No-till; Water-use-efficiency; Weed tolerance ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; GRAIN LEGUMES; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; WHEAT; AGROECOSYSTEMS; GROWTH; INTENSIFICATION AB Water supply is a major constraint for crop production in dryland agriculture across the world, and extensive research has been conducted to improve water use. In the grass steppe of the United States, water use has improved through a series of management advancements, such as preservation of crop residue on the soil surface, no-till, and crop diversity. We have observed an additional advancement after several years of no-till rotations; some crops synergistically improve water-use-efficiency (WUE) of following crops. For example, proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) produces 24% more grain with the same water use following corn (Zen mays L.) than following winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The presence of corn and dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) in the rotation also improves WUE of winter wheat. Furthermore, synergism among crops increases tolerance of weed interference. The cause of synergism is not known, but identifying synergistic crop sequences and designing rotations to include these sequences can improve water conversion into grain for dryland agriculture. Because of no-till, crop diversity, and synergism, producers in the U.S. steppe have doubled land productivity with the same water supply. C1 USDA, Brookings, SD USA. RP Anderson, RL (reprint author), USDA, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD USA. EM randy.anderson@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-9512-1 J9 SUSTAIN AGR REV JI Sustain. Agric. Rev. PY 2010 VL 5 BP 239 EP 251 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9513-8_8 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA BRL20 UT WOS:000283004500008 ER PT B AU Sharma, SK Ramesh, A Sharma, MP Joshi, OP Govaerts, B Steenwerth, KL Karlen, DL AF Sharma, Sushil K. Ramesh, Aketi Sharma, Mahaveer P. Joshi, Om Prakash Govaerts, Bram Steenwerth, Kerni L. Karlen, Douglas L. BE Lichtfouse, E TI Microbial Community Structure and Diversity as Indicators for Evaluating Soil Quality SO BIODIVERSITY, BIOFUELS, AGROFORESTRY AND CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE SE Sustainable Agriculture Reviews LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Soil quality; Microbial community; Diversity; Gene chip; AMF; MDS; Tillage; Crop rotation; Inoculation ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; STRAND-CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; LEVEL PHYSIOLOGICAL PROFILES; SULFATE-REDUCING PROKARYOTES; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY AB The living soil system is of primary importance in sustainable agricultural production. Soil quality is considered as an integrative indicator of environmental quality, food security and economic viability. Therefore, soil itself serves as a potential indicator for monitoring sustainable land management. As part of the soil quality concept, a healthy soil supports high levels of biological diversity, activity, internal nutrient cycling and resilience to disturbance. The use of microbial community structure and diversity as an indicator to monitor soil quality is challenging due to little understanding of the relationship between community structure and soil function. This review addresses two critical questions regarding soil quality: (1) which soil microbial properties, particularly diversity and community structure, most effectively characterize soil quality and can be used as indicators, and (2) how can soil quality assessed by such indicators be improved or maintained? We provide an overview of available techniques to characterize microbial community structure and diversity, and furnish information pertaining to strategies that can improve microbial diversity, including mycorrhizae, in relation to soil quality by adopting suitable agricultural practices to sustain soil and crop productivity. These techniques include those for structural profiling, i.e. fatty acid methyl ester analysis, genetic profiling, i.e. PCR-DGGE, SSCP, T-RFLP, functional profiling, i.e. catabolic profiling, diversity of enzyme activity, and to profile both structural and functional communities comprehensively, i.e. gene chip. We identify the importance of minimum data sets (MDS) of microbial indicators, such that they must be (i) compatible with basic ecosystem processes in soil as well as physical or chemical indicators of soil health, (ii) sensitive to management in acceptable time frames, (iii) easy to assess or measure, (iv) composed of robust methodology with standardized sampling techniques, (v) cost-effective, and (vi) relevant to human goals, food security, agricultural production, sustainability and economic efficiency. We focus on specific agricultural strategies such as tillage, crop rotations, organic amendments and microbial inoculation to improve soil quality by managing microbial communities and diversity. Overall, we provide techniques to assess microbial communities and diversity, and their management through agricultural practices to improve quality of soil. C1 [Sharma, Sushil K.; Ramesh, Aketi; Sharma, Mahaveer P.; Joshi, Om Prakash] Directorate Soybean Res ICAR, Indore 452001, Madhya Pradesh, India. [Govaerts, Bram] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Steenwerth, Kerni L.] USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Karlen, Douglas L.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sharma, SK (reprint author), Directorate Soybean Res ICAR, Khandwa Rd, Indore 452001, Madhya Pradesh, India. EM sks_micro@rediffmail.com NR 279 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-9512-1 J9 SUSTAIN AGR REV JI Sustain. Agric. Rev. PY 2010 VL 5 BP 317 EP 358 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9513-8_11 PG 42 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA BRL20 UT WOS:000283004500011 ER PT B AU Fernandez-Cornejo, J AF Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge BE Garcia, A Durand, C TI BIOTECHNOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE SO BIOENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES, METHODOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE Biotechnology in Agriculture Industry and Medicine LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Farmers adopting first-generation genetically engineered (GE) crops derive tangible benefits, even though not all benefits are reflected in standard measures of net returns. The impacts of GE crops vary with annual pest infestations, seed premiums, prices of alternative pest control programs, and any premiums paid for segregated (i.e., non-GE) crops. C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Fernandez-Cornejo, J (reprint author), ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60741-762-0 J9 BIOTECH AGR IND MED PY 2010 BP 191 EP 201 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA BSC52 UT WOS:000284121800008 ER PT J AU Pingintha, N Leclerc, MY Beasley, JP Durden, D Zhang, G Senthong, C Rowland, D AF Pingintha, N. Leclerc, M. Y. Beasley, J. P., Jr. Durden, D. Zhang, G. Senthong, C. Rowland, D. TI Hysteresis response of daytime net ecosystem exchange during drought SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L; MEDITERRANEAN C3/C4 GRASSLAND; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; SOIL RESPIRATION; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; LIGHT INTERCEPTION; ENERGY-BALANCE; USE EFFICIENCY AB Continuous measurements of net ecosystem CO(2) exchange (NEE) using the eddy-covariance method were made over an agricultural ecosystem in the southeastern US. During optimum environmental conditions, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was the primary driver controlling daytime NEE, accounting for as much as 67 to 89% of the variation in NEE. However, soil water content became the dominant factor limiting the NEE-PAR response during the peak growth stage. NEE was significantly depressed when high PAR values coincided with very low soil water content. The presence of a counter-clockwise hysteresis of daytime NEE with PAR was observed during periods of water stress. This is a result of the stomatal closure control of photosynthesis at high vapor pressure deficit and enhanced respiration at high temperature. This result is significant since this hysteresis effect limits the range of applicability of the Michaelis-Menten equation and other related expressions in the determination of daytime NEE as a function of PAR. The systematic presence of hysteresis in the response of NEE to PAR suggests that the gap-filling technique based on a non-linear regression approach should take into account the presence of water-limited field conditions. Including this step is therefore likely to improve current evaluation of ecosystem response to increased precipitation variability arising from climatic changes. C1 [Pingintha, N.; Leclerc, M. Y.; Durden, D.; Zhang, G.] Univ Georgia, Lab Environm Phys, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Beasley, J. P., Jr.] Univ Georgia, Crop & Soil Sci Dept, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Pingintha, N.; Senthong, C.] Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Agron, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. [Rowland, D.] ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Leclerc, MY (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Lab Environm Phys, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM mleclerc@uga.edu RI Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-FG0206ER64321]; Thailand Research Fund (TRF); Chiang Mai University FX This research was funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, grant DE-FG0206ER64321. We would like to thank the Royal Golden Jubilee (RGJ) Ph. D. program of Thailand Research Fund (TRF) and Chiang Mai University for providing a research scholarship. We wish to gratefully acknowledge the Georgia Peanut Commission and the National Peanut Board for their precious support leading to the present experiment. We sincerely acknowledge Cross's family for their patient and sustained logistical support in conducting this research on the premises. A special thank goes to Ian Flitcroft for his editorial input. NR 56 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2010 VL 7 IS 3 BP 1159 EP 1170 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 576WJ UT WOS:000276180300025 ER PT B AU Springborn, M Costello, C Ferrier, P AF Springborn, Michael Costello, Christopher Ferrier, Peyton BE Perrings, C Mooney, H Williamson, M TI Optimal Random Exploration for Trade-related Nonindigenous Species Risk SO BIOINVASIONS AND GLOBALIZATION: ECOLOGY, ECONOMICS, MANAGEMENT, AND POLICY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Springborn, Michael] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Costello, Christopher] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Ferrier, Peyton] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Springborn, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND BN 978-0-19-956016-5; 978-0-19-956015-8 PY 2010 BP 127 EP 144 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BA0UC UT WOS:000332260800010 ER PT J AU Slothouber Galbreath, JGM Smith, JE Becnel, JJ Butlin, RK Dunn, AM AF Slothouber Galbreath, Johanna G. M. Smith, Judith E. Becnel, James J. Butlin, Roger K. Dunn, Alison M. TI Reduction in post-invasion genetic diversity in Crangonyx pseudogracilis (Amphipoda: Crustacea): a genetic bottleneck or the work of hitchhiking vertically transmitted microparasites? SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Biological invasions; Enemy release; Emergent disease; Microsporidia; Sex ratio distortion; Vertical transmission ID PARASITE POLYMORPHUS-MINUTUS; FRESH-WATER AMPHIPOD; GAMMARUS-ROESELI; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DIKEROGAMMARUS-VILLOSUS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; WOLBACHIA INFECTION; DNA AB Parasites can strongly influence the success of biological invasions. However, as invading hosts and parasites may be derived from a small subset of genotypes in the native range, it is important to examine the distribution and invasion of parasites in the context of host population genetics. We demonstrate that invasive European populations of the North American Crangonyx pseudogracilis have experienced a reduction in post-invasion genetic diversity. We predict that vertically transmitted parasites may evade the stochastic processes and selective pressures leading to enemy release. As microsporidia may be vertically or horizontally transmitted, we compared the diversity of these microparasites in the native and invasive ranges of the host. In contrast to the reduction in host genetic diversity, we find no evidence for enemy release from microsporidian parasites in the invasive populations. Indeed, a single, vertically transmitted, microsporidian sex ratio distorter dominates the microsporidian parasite assemblage in the invasive range and appears to have invaded with the host. We propose that overproduction of female offspring as a result of parasitic sex ratio distortion may facilitate host invasion success. We also propose that a selective sweep resulting from the increase in infected individuals during the establishment may have contributed to the reduction in genetic diversity in invasive Crangonyx pseudogracilis populations. C1 [Slothouber Galbreath, Johanna G. M.; Smith, Judith E.; Dunn, Alison M.] Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Inst Integrat & Comparat Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Slothouber Galbreath, Johanna G. M.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Environm & Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. [Becnel, James J.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. [Butlin, Roger K.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Dunn, AM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Inst Integrat & Comparat Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM a.dunn@leeds.ac.uk RI Butlin, Roger/F-7709-2013; OI Butlin, Roger/0000-0003-4736-0954; Dunn, Alison/0000-0002-4855-1077; Smith, Judith/0000-0002-2206-3534 FU ORS; University of Leeds; Natural Environment Research Council; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [NE/DO12937/1] FX This research was carried out at The University of Leeds. JSG was supported by an ORS award and a University of Leeds John Henry Garner scholarship. Samples were collected with the assistance of an Ann Bishop Travel Award from the British Society for Parasitology. JS and AD acknowledge support from the Natural Environment Research Council and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (NE/DO12937/1). We thank Beth McClymont, Genie White, Lucas Terracina, Joan Jass, William Brooks and Alex Douglas for technical support and two anonymous referees for helpful suggestions. NR 83 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JAN PY 2010 VL 12 IS 1 BP 191 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s10530-009-9442-3 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 533TJ UT WOS:000272847900019 ER PT S AU Riddell, J Padgett, PE Nash, TH AF Riddell, Jennifer Padgett, Pamela E. Nash, Thomas H., III BE Nash, TH Geiser, L McCune, B Triebel, D Tomescu, AMF Sanders, WB TI Responses of the lichen Ramalina menziesii Tayl. to ozone fumigations SO BIOLOGY OF LICHENS-SYMBIOSIS, ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, SYSTEMATICS AND CYBER APPLICATIONS SE Bibliotheca Lichenologica LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EPIPHYTIC MACROLICHEN COMMUNITIES; SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; OXIDANT AIR-POLLUTION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; CRITICAL LOADS; FORESTS; SULFUR; PONDEROSA AB Tropospheric ozone (O-3) is a strong oxidant, and is known to have serious negative effects on forest health. Lichens have been used as biomonitors of the effects of air pollution on forest health for sulfur and nitrogen pollutants. However, effects of O-3 on lichens are not well understood, as past fumigation studies and community analyses produced conflicting results. We fumigated the lichen Ramalina menziesii Tayl. with three levels of O-3 (10, 60, and 120 ppb) in two-month long experiments, testing photosynthesis, respiration, chlorophyll content, pigment degradation, and cell membrane leakage in response to the treatments. In southern California, the high ozone pollution season coincides with the warm arid summers. Many of the O-3 fumigations conducted by others were located in climates with regular rainfall events. In our fumigations, we allowed the lichens to maintain ambient water status. We found that R. showed no signs of physiological decline in response to low and moderate levels of O-3 fumigations and an insignificant response in some parameters to 120 ppb fumigations. Several plant species have been shown to be good indicators of O-3 pollution, while community studies of lichens and ozone have shown that lichens are not. In our estimation, the lichen R. menziesii is not a good indicator species for O-3 pollution, possibly due to antioxidant activity protecting the plant portion of the thallus (the algal cells within the symbiosis). RP Riddell, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM jenariddell@gmail.com NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU J CRAMER PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESSTR 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1436-1698 BN 978-3-443-58084-1 J9 BIBL LICHENOL JI Bibl. Lichen. PY 2010 VL 105 BP 113 EP 123 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BVC18 UT WOS:000291013000014 ER PT S AU Geiser, L Schrlau, J Simonich, SM Glavich, D Dillman, K AF Geiser, Linda Schrlau, Jill Simonich, Staci Massey Glavich, Doug Dillman, Karen BE Nash, TH Geiser, L McCune, B Triebel, D Tomescu, AMF Sanders, WB TI Lichens and conifer needles as indicators of airborne semi-volatile organic compounds in western North America SO BIOLOGY OF LICHENS-SYMBIOSIS, ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, SYSTEMATICS AND CYBER APPLICATIONS SE Bibliotheca Lichenologica LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLLUTANTS; CONTAMINANTS; DEPOSITION; CANADA; PLANTS; SOIL; AIR AB The Western Airborne Contaminants Assessment Project was designed to answer basic questions about the sources, quantity, distribution, and ecological effects of airborne semi-volatile organic compounds (SOCs) in 20 western US national park ecosystems. Here we highlight findings from lichen and conifer needle sampling. Of the 73 SOCs measured, including pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls, 42 were detected in lichens and 39 in needles. Highest number, concentrations, and per ha accumulations of SOCs were observed in highly productive forests of California, Colorado, Washington, and Montana near regional sources; lowest values were observed in parks of central and arctic Alaska. Pesticide concentrations generally increased with elevation, needle age (1 vs. 2 yrs), and proximity to agriculture. Polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons generally decreased with elevation and distance from urban areas. SOC concentrations were genus-dependent with Plotismatia and Hypogymnia being the best accumulators, followed in order of decreasing ability to accumulate SOCs by Letharia, Usnea Xanthoparmelia > Bryoria, Alectoria > Flavocetraria >> Masonhalea. Similarly, the ability to concentrate SOCs differed across conifer genera, with Tsuga > Abies, Pseudotsuga > Picea > Pious. Lichens are especially recommended for indication of spatial and elevational gradients in SOCs. More work is needed to elucidate the ecological fate of SOCs accumulated in conifer needle biomass. RP Geiser, L (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Air Program, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. EM lgeiser@fs.fed.us; lgeiser@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU J CRAMER PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESSTR 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1436-1698 BN 978-3-443-58084-1 J9 BIBL LICHENOL JI Bibl. Lichen. PY 2010 VL 105 BP 125 EP 137 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BVC18 UT WOS:000291013000015 ER PT J AU Robbins, KM Wells, KD Geary, T O'Gorman, C MacNeil, MD Smith, MF Pohler, K Jinks, E Rivera, RM AF Robbins, Katherine M. Wells, Kevin D. Geary, Tom O'Gorman, Chad MacNeil, Michael D. Smith, Michael F. Pohler, Ky Jinks, Emma Rivera, Rocio Melissa TI Establishment of a Phenotypical Model of Adverse Outcomes Associated with Assisted Reproductive Technologies SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2010 CL Milwaukee, WI SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. ARS Ft Keogh, USDA, Miles City, MT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2010 SU S MA 316 BP 119 EP 120 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 682DY UT WOS:000284381300293 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Rohrer, GA Nonneman, D Vallet, JL AF Kim, Jong Gug Rohrer, Gary A. Nonneman, Dan Vallet, Jeffrey L. TI Molecular Cloning of Porcine Chemokine CXC Motif Ligand 2 (CXCL2) and Mapping to the SSC8. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2010 CL Milwaukee, WI SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 Chonbuk Natl Univ, Jeonju, South Korea. USDA, ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2010 SU S MA 351 BP 127 EP 127 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 682DY UT WOS:000284381300328 ER PT J AU McFee, R Pohlmeier, W Smith, J Kerl, J Slattery, R Clopton, D Wood, J Cushman, R Cupp, A AF McFee, Renee Pohlmeier, William Smith, Jacqueline Kerl, Jill Slattery, Racheal Clopton, Debra Wood, Jennifer Cushman, Robert Cupp, Andrea TI Follicle Size and Volume Is Less Indicative of Development of a Persistent Follicle In Beef Heifers SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2010 CL Milwaukee, WI SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2010 SU S MA 618 BP 181 EP 182 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 682DY UT WOS:000284381300563 ER PT J AU Joshi, H Moser, BR Toler, J Walker, T AF Joshi, Hem Moser, Bryan R. Toler, Joe Walker, Terry TI Preparation and fuel properties of mixtures of soybean oil methyl and ethyl esters SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Ethyl esters; Glycine max; Methyl esters; Soybean oil; Transesterification ID ACID ALKYL ESTERS; FRYING OIL; BIODIESEL; TRANSESTERIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; STABILITY; ETHANOLYSIS; LUBRICITY; TALLOW; GREASE AB Soybean oil was transesterified using various mixtures of methanol and ethanol at a constant molar ratio of alcohol to oil of 12:1 in the presence of 1 wt% potassium hydroxide catalyst at 30 degrees C for 60 min. The effect of mixtures of methanol and ethanol on percentage yields and fuel properties of soybean oil methyl and ethyl esters (SME/SEE) was studied. The formation of methyl esters was faster in comparison to ethyl esters, as evidenced by a molar ratio of methyl to ethyl esters of 1.7:1 in the case of a 1:1 mixture of methanol and ethanol. High yields (94.6-97.9%) were obtained for all molar ratios of reactants studied. The resultant SME/SEE mixtures prepared from a methanol to ethanol molar ratio of 1:2 or greater exhibited enhanced low temperature properties and oxidative stability, as well as superior lubricity in comparison to neat SME. All other ratios that contained a higher percentage of methanol displayed similar behavior to pure SME. These results indicate that the fuel properties of soybean oil-based biodiesel can be improved by substituting a portion of the methanol reagent with ethanol during transesterification, albeit at higher production cost as a result of the higher price of ethanol versus methanol. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Joshi, Hem; Walker, Terry] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Moser, Bryan R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Walker, T (reprint author), Clemson Univ, 114 Biosyst Res Complex, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM walker4@clemson.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture FX The authors are very grateful to the United States Department of Agriculture for their financial support. The authors also acknowledge Benetria Banks (USDA ARS NCAUR) for excellent technical assistance and Dr. Karl Vermillion (USDA ARS NCAUR) for acquisition of NMR data. NR 31 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 34 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.09.006 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 556FR UT WOS:000274575800002 ER PT J AU Mullen, CA Boateng, AA Goldberg, NM Lima, IM Laird, DA Hicks, KB AF Mullen, Charles A. Boateng, Akwasi A. Goldberg, Neil M. Lima, Isabel M. Laird, David A. Hicks, Kevin B. TI Bio-oil and bio-char production from corn cobs and stover by fast pyrolysis SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Pyrolysis; Fluidized bed; Zea mays; Bio-oil; Bio-char ID BIOMASS; SOIL; BIOENERGY; RESIDUES AB Bio-oil and bio-char were produced from corn cobs and corn stover (stalks, leaves and husks) by fast pyrolysis using a pilot scale fluidized bed reactor. Yields of 60% (mass/mass) bio-oil (high heating values are similar to 20 MJ kg(-1), and densities >1.0 Mg m(-3)) were realized from both corn cobs and from corn stover. The high energy density of bio-oil, similar to 20-32 times on a per unit volume basis over the raw corn residues, offers potentially significant savings in transportation costs particularly for a distributed "farm scale" bio-refinery system. Bio-char yield was 18.9% and 17.0% (mass/mass) from corn cobs and corn stover, respectively. Deploying the bio-char co-product, which contains most of the nutrient minerals from the corn residues, as well as a significant amount of carbon, to the land can enhance soil quality, sequester carbon, and alleviate environmental problems associated with removal of crop residues from fields. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mullen, Charles A.; Boateng, Akwasi A.; Goldberg, Neil M.; Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Lima, Isabel M.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Laird, David A.] US Agr Res Serv, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Boateng, AA (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM akwasi.boateng@ars.usda.gov RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 FU National Corn Growers Association FX The authors would like to thank the National Corn Growers Association for supporting this work and the opportunity to present preliminary results at Corn Utilization and Technology Conference, 2008. We thank Larry Shrawder for providing the corn cobs and corn stover used in the experiments. Rich Cook and Kenneth Schaffer of USDA-ARS, ERRC provided technical support and Peregrine Carlson, ERRC summer student from Swarthmore College, performed mass and elemental balances. We also thank Guoping Bao and Peter Cooke of ERRC for performing the SEM microscopy. NR 20 TC 199 Z9 207 U1 11 U2 85 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 34 IS 1 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.09.012 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 556FR UT WOS:000274575800008 ER PT J AU Yennamalli, RM Wolt, JD Sen, TZ AF Yennamalli, Ragothaman M. Wolt, Jeffrey D. Sen, Taner Z. TI Origins of Thermophilicity in Endoglucanases SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yennamalli, Ragothaman M.; Wolt, Jeffrey D.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Sen, Taner Z.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 455A EP 455A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762004278 ER PT J AU Kim, S AF Kim, Sanghoon BE Elnashar, MM TI Production of Biopolymer Composites by Particle Bonding SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ALPHA-ZEIN PROTEINS; CORN GLUTEN MEAL; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS-ETHANOL; MAIZE; FILMS; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; CONDUCTIVITY; PERCOLATION; INVERSION C1 [Kim, Sanghoon] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-109-1 PY 2010 BP 61 EP 80 D2 10.5772/286 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BD7YE UT WOS:000363690100005 ER PT J AU Ducey, TF Vanotti, MB Shriner, AD Szogi, AA Ellison, AQ AF Ducey, Thomas F. Vanotti, Matias B. Shriner, Anthony D. Szogi, Ariel A. Ellison, Aprel Q. TI Characterization of a microbial community capable of nitrification at cold temperature SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nitrite; Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria; Nitrosomonas; Activated sludge; 16S rRNA gene ID BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN REMOVAL; AMMONIA-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; SP-NOV.; GEN.-NOV.; NITRITE ACCUMULATION; NITRIFYING BACTERIA; LANDFILL LEACHATE; SEQUENCES AB While the oxidation of ammonia is an integral component of advanced aerobic livestock wastewater treatment, the rate of nitrification by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria is drastically reduced at colder temperatures. In this study we report an acclimated lagoon nitrifying sludge that is capable of high rates of nitrification at temperatures from 5 degrees C (11.2 mg N/g MLVSS/h) to 20 degrees C (40.4 mg N/g MLVSS/h). The composition of the microbial community present in the nitrifying sludge was investigated by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. After DNA extraction and the creation of a plasmid library, 153 partial length 16S rRNA gene clones were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically. Over 80% of these clones were affiliated with the Proteobacteria, and grouped with the beta- (114 clones), gamma- (7 clones), and alpha-classes (2 clones). The remaining clones were affiliated with the Acidobacteria (1 clone), Actinobacteria (8 clones), Bacteroidetes (16 clones), and Verrucomicrobia (5 clones). The majority of the clones belonged to the genus Nitrosomonas, while other clones affiliated with microorganisms previously identified as having floc forming or psychrotolerance characteristics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ducey, Thomas F.; Vanotti, Matias B.; Shriner, Anthony D.; Szogi, Ariel A.; Ellison, Aprel Q.] ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, USDA, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Ducey, TF (reprint author), ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, USDA, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM thomas.ducey@ars.usda.gov OI Ducey, Thomas/0000-0001-8199-0584 NR 58 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 8 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 101 IS 2 BP 491 EP 500 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.091 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 511LE UT WOS:000271165700008 PM 19734046 ER PT J AU Moser, BR Vaughn, SF AF Moser, Bryan R. Vaughn, Steven F. TI Evaluation of alkyl esters from Camelina sativa oil as biodiesel and as blend components in ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Camelina sativa; Diesel; Fuel properties; Methyl esters ID LONG-CHAIN ESTERS; METHYL-ESTERS; SURFACE-TENSION; CATALYZED ALCOHOLYSIS; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; KINEMATIC VISCOSITY; FATTY-ACIDS; SOYBEAN OIL; CRAMBE OIL; PETRODIESEL AB Methyl and ethyl esters were prepared from camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] oil by homogenous base-catalyzed transesterification for evaluation as biodiesel fuels. Camelina oil contained high percentages of linolenic (32.6 wt.%), linoleic (19.6 wt.%), and oleic (118.6 wt.%) acids. Consequently, camelina oil methyl and ethyl esters (CSME and CSEE) exhibited poor oxidative stabilities and high iodine values versus methyl esters prepared from canola, palm, and soybean oils (CME, PME, and SME). Other fuel properties of CSME and CSEE were similar to CME, PME, and SME, such as low temperature operability, acid value, cetane number, kinematic viscosity, lubricity, sulfur and phosphorous contents, as well as surface tension. As blend components in ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel, CSME and CSEE were essentially indistinguishable from SME and soybean oil ethyl ester blends with regard to low temperature operability, kinematic viscosity, lubricity, and surface tension. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Moser, Bryan R.; Vaughn, Steven F.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Bryan.Moser@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 117 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 101 IS 2 BP 646 EP 653 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.054 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 511LE UT WOS:000271165700029 PM 19740653 ER PT J AU Piazza, GJ Garcia, RA AF Piazza, G. J. Garcia, R. A. TI Meat & bone meal extract and gelatin as renewable flocculants SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flocculation; Gelatin; Meat & bone meal; Soybean protein; Whey protein ID POLYACRYLAMIDE; PROTEIN; KAOLINITE; ADHESIVES AB Readily available proteins were tested as renewable flocculants. and their actions were compared to that of anionic PAM, a common, commercial flocculant that requires the coaddition of a calcium ion source. Two soy proteins, a whey fraction, a porcine gelatin, and a meat & bone meal (MBM) extract were used in the flocculation test. It was found that MBM extract and porcine gelatin promoted clay flocculation, and flocculation was complete by 24 h with or without the addition of calcium chloride. The other tested proteins did not promote clay flocculation, but all of the proteins were found to be adsorbed to clay. The protein adsorptions were well described by the Langmuir model, and gelatin and MBM extract had higher maximum adsorption capacities than the other proteins. Zwitterionic buffer solutions at pH 5.5. 7.0, and 10.0 were tested in the flocculation experiments. Addition of the pH 5.5 buffer caused the two soy proteins to become clay flocculants and lowered the concentration of gelatin and MBM extract necessary to promote complete flocculation by 24 h. Calcium chloride was not required for flocculation. Under optimal testing conditions, the dried weight of gelatin or MBM extract was 2.6 and 17 times higher, respectively, than the weight of anionic PAM required for complete flocculation at 24 h. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Piazza, G. J.; Garcia, R. A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Piazza, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM george.piazza@ars.usda.gov RI Garcia, Rafael/D-2796-2009; OI Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-5452-3929; Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 17 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 101 IS 2 BP 781 EP 787 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.078 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 511LE UT WOS:000271165700047 PM 19734043 ER PT J AU Chun, DTW Foulk, JA McAlister, DD AF Chun, David T. W. Foulk, Jonn A. McAlister, David D., III TI ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES AND DRYING EFFECTS OF FLAX DENIM AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF NONWOVEN FLAX FABRIC SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Flax; Antibacterial; Bacteriostatic; Fiber quality ID FIBERS AB A modification of "AATCC Test Method 100-1999" was used for assaying for bacteriostatic/antibacterial properties of denim containing various flax concentrations. Since no direct evidence that increasing the flax content of fabric imparted the fabric with increased bacteriostatic properties was found against the control bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, other possible explanations for the long held presumption that flax fabric exhibited antibacterial properties was sought. Because the appearance of having antibacterial or bacteriostatic properties might be imitated if the flax content would decrease the time fabric would be moist enough for bacterial growth, the effect of drying was evaluated. When flax fabric was saturated and the moisture lost during incubation was measured, there was no improved drying associated with increased flax content. When untreated nonwoven flax was evaluated as possibly containing more 'antibacterial' or bacteriostatic components than scoured nonwoven flax material, the population densities increased. This increase suggests that the unscoured nonwoven flax contain components that support bacterial growth to the extent that bacteriostatic or antibacterial components, if any, are overwhelmed by the components that support bacterial growth. In tests involving the control bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, increasing the flax content of flax fabric did not demonstrate increased antibacterial properties. C1 [Chun, David T. W.; Foulk, Jonn A.] USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. [McAlister, David D., III] Uster Technol Inc, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Chun, DTW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Box 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. EM dtwchun@mindspring.com NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2010 VL 5 IS 1 BP 244 EP 258 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 582KK UT WOS:000276596000020 ER PT J AU Karaaslan, AM Tshabalala, MA Buschle-Diller, G AF Karaaslan, Ahmet M. Tshabalala, Mandla A. Buschle-Diller, Gisela TI WOOD HEMICELLULOSE/CHITOSAN-BASED SEMI-INTERPENETRATING NETWORK HYDROGELS: MECHANICAL, SWELLING AND CONTROLLED DRUG RELEASE PROPERTIES SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Hemicellulose; Forest biomass; Hydrogel; Film; Semi-IPN; Chitosan; pH-sensitive; Drug release; Interpenetrating network ID CROSS-LINKED CHITOSAN; BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS; POLY(ACRYLIC ACID); RENEWABLE SOURCES; POLY(N-VINYLPYRROLIDONE); FORMULATIONS; SEPARATION; DELIVERY; PROGRESS AB The cell wall of most plant biomass from forest and agricultural resources consists of three major polymers, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Of these, hemicelluloses have gained increasing attention as sustainable raw materials. In this study, novel pH-sensitive semi-IPN hydrogels based on hemicelluloses and chitosan were prepared using glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking agent. The hemicellulose isolated from aspen was analyzed for sugar content by HPLC, and its molecular weight distribution was determined by high performance size exclusion chromatography. Results revealed that hemicellulose had a broad molecular weight distribution with a fair amount of polymeric units, together with xylose, arabinose, and glucose. The effects of hemicellulose content on mechanical properties and swelling behavior of hydrogels were investigated. The semi-IPNs hydrogel structure was confirmed by FT-IR, X-ray study, and the ninhydrin assay method. X-ray analysis showed that higher hemicellulose contents yielded higher crystallinity. Mechanical properties were mainly dependent on the crosslink density and average molecular weight between crosslinks. Swelling ratios increased with increasing hemicellulose content and were high at low pH values due to repulsion between similarly charged groups. In vitro release study of a model drug showed that these semi-IPN hydrogels could be used for controlled drug delivery into gastric fluid. C1 [Karaaslan, Ahmet M.; Buschle-Diller, Gisela] Auburn Univ, Dept Polymer & Fiber Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Tshabalala, Mandla A.] USDA Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Buschle-Diller, G (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Polymer & Fiber Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM buschgi@auburn.edu FU Wood Education and Resource Center, NA [07-DG-11420004-235] FX The authors are grateful for the support of the Wood Education and Resource Center, NA Grant. No. 07-DG-11420004-235. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 34 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2010 VL 5 IS 2 BP 1036 EP 1054 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 582KU UT WOS:000276597000042 ER PT J AU Chun, JA Cooke, RA Eheart, JW Cho, J AF Chun, J. A. Cooke, R. A. Eheart, J. W. Cho, J. TI Estimation of flow and transport parameters for woodchip-based bioreactors: II. field-scale bioreactor SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; WATER; DENITRIFICATION; BIODEGRADATION; NUTRIENT; NITRATE AB To reduce nitrate-N from tile drains, subsurface bioreactors using woodchips as a carbon source for denitrification have been installed for the past two decades. The objectives of this study were to estimate effective porosity, longitudinal and transverse dispersivity, and first- or zero-order decay coefficients for a field-scale bioreactor with woodchips as the carbon source. in a field-scale bioreactor (6.1 m by 6.1 m) installed at Decatur, IL nitrate-N concentrations were monitored in 16 monitoring wells installed at 1.5 In intervals and 0.75 In from each corner. An interpolation method was used for transient, two-dimensional groundwater flow, and the Random Walk Method which does not introduce numerical dispersion errors was used for two-dimensional nitrate-N transport. Nonlinear techniques for fitting the numerical solution to the observed breakthrough curves were used to estimate the transport parameters for the field-scale bioreactor. The longitudinal and transverse dispersivity, the first-order decay coefficient, and the effective porosity were estimated as 10.2 cm, 1.13 cm, 0.01 h(-1), and 0.79, respectively. Under a pulse of nitrate-N, high reduction rate of nitrate-N in mass (approximately 47% for 269.9 g nitrate-N of the input mass) was observed at the outlet of the field-scale bioreactor at 4.4h of hydraulic retention time. This result suggests that field-scale bioreactors using woodchips as a carbon source may be used to provide significant nutrient reduction from tile-drained fields. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IAgrE. C1 [Cho, J.] ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Chun, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cooke, R. A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Eheart, J. W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Cho, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Ste 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM jaepil.cho@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 105 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.09.018 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 562EP UT WOS:000275032800010 ER PT B AU Trabue, S Sauer, T Pfeiffer, R Hernandez, G Tyndall, J AF Trabue, Steven Sauer, Thomas Pfeiffer, Richard Hernandez, Guillermo Tyndall, John BE Bartacek, J Kennes, C Lens, PNL TI ODOR MITIGATION WITH TREE BUFFERS: Swine production case study SO BIOTECHNIQUES FOR AIR POLLUTION CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Biotechniques for Air Pollution Control CY SEP 28-30, 2009 CL Delft, NETHERLANDS ID OPERATIONS AB Tree buffers are a potential low cost sustainable odor mitigation strategy used by animal feeding operations; however, there is little to no data on their effectiveness. This study was designed to evaluate how tree buffers affect air flow patterns at a swine facility and measure their effectiveness in controlling odor from the facility. Wind tunnel experiments were used to determine the effect buffers had on wind flow patterns within the facility. Odor mitigation analysis measure both particulate matter and vapor phase odorants before and after tree buffer. Particle concentrations were measured with optical particle counters (OPC) and odorous compound concentrations were measured using sorbent tubes with thermal desorption (TDS) GC-MS analysis. Both particle filters and plant material from tree buffers were analyzed for sorption of odorous compounds with TDS-GC-MS analysis. The wind tunnel experiments indicated that the effect of both buildings and trees on wind velocity and turbulence would potentially enhance trapping of odorous material by slowing wind velocity and increasing mixing near trees. For particulates, tree buffers reduced concentrations by 44% when winds came from the south (main buffer ran east-west on the north side of the facility). Most particles were classified in the smaller size fraction (0.30-0.49 mu m); however, the tree buffers removed the larger size particles more effectively than smaller size fraction. The buffer removed volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the air stream by over 50%, while aromatic odorants were not as easily removed with the summer sampling showing little to no difference in terms of concentrations of these compounds and Fall sampling showing reduced levels. Odorants sorbed to both particulate filters and plant material also support this finding in that VFA were significantly higher than odorous aromatic compounds. Plant material taken from trees in the buffer showed significantly higher loadings of odorous VFAs, phenolic, and indole compounds for samples taken from 8 ft compared to samples taken from either 2 or 4 ft. C1 [Trabue, Steven; Sauer, Thomas; Pfeiffer, Richard; Hernandez, Guillermo] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Tyndall, John] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource & Ecol Management, Ames, IA USA. RP Trabue, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50010 USA. OI Trabue, Steven/0000-0002-4584-5790 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-84929-3; 978-0-415-58270-4 PY 2010 BP 341 EP 344 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Environmental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA BD3WQ UT WOS:000360248300059 ER PT S AU Rains, GC KUlasiri, D Zhou, ZK Samarasinghe, S Tomberlin, JK Olson, DM AF Rains, Glen C. KUlasiri, Don Zhou, Zhongkun Samarasinghe, Sandhya Tomberlin, JeffeRy K. Olson, Dawn M. BE Harding, SE Tombs, MP TI Synthesizing Neurophysiology, Genetics, Behaviour and Learning to Produce Whole-Insect Programmable Sensors to Detect Volatile Chemicals SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING REVIEWS, VOL 26 SE Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Reviews LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID MOTH MANDUCA-SEXTA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER LARVAE; CONTEXT-DEPENDENT MODULATION; OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS; CANDIDATE TASTE RECEPTORS; NEURAL-NETWORK MODEL; ANTENNAL LOBE; MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES; ODORANT RECEPTORS; ENSEMBLE REPRESENTATIONS AB Insects have extremely sensitive systems of olfaction. These systems have been explored as potential sensors for odourants associated with forensics, medicine, security, and agriculture application. Most sensors based on insect olfaction utilize associative learning to "program" the insects to exhibit some form of behavioural response to a target odourant. To move to the next stage of development with whole-insect programmable sensors, an examination of how odourants are captured, processed and used to create behaviour is necessary. This review article examines how the neurophysiological, molecular, genetic and behavioural system of olfaction works and how an understanding of these systems should lead the way to future developments in whole-insect programmable sensors. C1 [Rains, Glen C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [KUlasiri, Don; Zhou, Zhongkun; Samarasinghe, Sandhya] Lincoln Univ, Ctr Adv Computat Solut C Facs, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Tomberlin, JeffeRy K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Olson, Dawn M.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Rains, GC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM grains@uga.edu NR 149 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 14 PU NOTTINGHAM UNIVERSITY PRESS PI LOUGHBOROUGH PA SUTTON BONNINGTON CAMPUS, LOUGHBOROUGH LE12 5RD, ENGLAND SN 0264-8725 BN 978-1-907284-48-9 J9 BIOTECHNOL GENET ENG JI Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. PY 2010 VL 26 BP 179 EP 204 PG 26 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA BSV14 UT WOS:000285867700008 PM 21415881 ER PT J AU Mikhael, M Orr, R Amsen, F Greene, D Singh, MAF AF Mikhael, Monica Orr, Rhonda Amsen, Fleur Greene, David Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone TI Effect of standing posture during whole body vibration training on muscle morphology and function in older adults: A randomised controlled trial SO BMC GERIATRICS LA English DT Article AB Background: Whole body vibration (WBV) is a novel modality of exercise shown to improve musculoskeletal function. This study aims to examine the effects of standing posture during low magnitude WBV training on muscle function and muscle morphology in older adults. Methods: Nineteen men and women (50-80 years) were recruited to a three month randomised controlled trial and allocated to one of three groups: WBV with flexed knees (FK), WBV with locked knees (LK), or sham WBV with flexed knees (CON). Exposure was intermittent (1 min WBV: 1 min rest) for 20 min, three times per week for 13 weeks. Measurements were taken at baseline and at three months. Primary outcomes included upper and lower body muscle function (strength, power and velocity). Secondary outcomes were muscle morphology, balance, habitual and maximal gait velocity, stair climb power, and chair stand performance. Results: Sixteen subjects completed the study. Relative (%) upper body contraction velocity improved significantly after WBV with FK compared to LK (FK 16.0%, LK -7.6%, CON 4.7, p = 0.01). Relative upper body strength (LK 15.1%, p = 0.02; FK 12.1%, p = 0.04; CON 4.7%) increased significantly following WBV compared to control. Absolute (p = 0.05) and relative (p = 0.03) lower leg strength significantly improved with both standing postures (LK 14.4%; FK 10.7%; CON 1.3%). Only the LK group differed significantly from CON in relative leg strength gains (p = 0.02). Potentially clinically meaningful but statistically non-significant improvements in lower leg muscle cross-sectional area (LK 3.7 cm(2), FK 2.4 cm(2), CON 2.2 cm(2) p = 0.13) were observed after WBV with LK compared to the other groups. No significant effects of WBV on any functional performance tests were observed. Conclusions: Our results suggest that WBV may improve muscle strength and contraction velocity in some muscle groups in older adults. However, hypothesised differential adaptation to standing posture (FK > LK) was observed only for upper body contraction velocity, making recommendations regarding this prescriptive element inconclusive. The efficacy, mechanism of action and long term feasibility of WBV for musculoskeletal health in older adults warrants continued investigation in robustly designed, sufficiently powered future studies. C1 [Mikhael, Monica; Orr, Rhonda; Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac, Res Grp, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Amsen, Fleur] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Greene, David] Australian Catholic Univ, Sch Exercise Sci, Fac Hlth Sci, Strathfield, NSW 2135, Australia. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Fac Med, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Tufts Univ, Hebrew SeniorLife & Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ct, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Orr, R (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac, Res Grp, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM rhonda.orr@sydney.edu.au NR 61 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2318 J9 BMC GERIATR JI BMC Geriatr. PY 2010 VL 10 AR 74 DI 10.1186/1471-2318-10-74 PG 13 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA V29EL UT WOS:000208731600074 PM 20946685 ER PT J AU Wadsworth, FH Bryan, B Figueroa-Colon, JC AF Wadsworth, Frank H. Bryan, Brynne Figueroa-Colon, Julio C. TI Cutover tropical forest productivity potential merits assessment, Puerto Rico SO BOIS ET FORETS DES TROPIQUES LA English DT Article DE tree productivity; tree competition; tropical forest; cutover forest; forest site; Puerto Rico AB Timber extraction continues to add to vast cutover tropical forests. They are unattractive economically because of the loss of merchantable timber and the long delay foreseen for recovery. Despite this, wood in cutover tropical forests is in line to become more marketable as demand continues and old-growth forests become less accessible. In a cutover forest in Puerto Rico a well formed immature trees of timber species was found. They were ubiquitous, growing throughout the foothills of a mountain on both convex and concave land surfaces, on steep as well as low slopes, and exposed to prevailing winds as well as protected. Higher tree productivity generally accompanied freedom from competitors, crown exposure, or crown size. One quarter of these trees, apparently enough for a second crop, had been producing at more than double the rate of the rest, approaching maturity in half the time. Appreciation of this potential might prevent wanton conversion of cutover forests to other land uses. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, USDA, Forest Serv Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. [Bryan, Brynne] Calif State Univ, Carson, CA 90747 USA. [Figueroa-Colon, Julio C.] Fdn Sendero Verde, San Juan, PR 00928 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CIRAD-CENTRE COOPERATION INT RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE POUR PI MONTPELLIER PA B P 5035, MONTPELLIER, 00000, FRANCE SN 0006-579X J9 BOIS FOR TROP JI Bois For. Trop. PY 2010 IS 305 BP 33 EP 41 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 716GM UT WOS:000286957100004 ER PT J AU Weaver, PL AF Weaver, Peter L. TI Tree species distribution and forest structure along environmental gradients in the dwarf forest of the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico SO BOIS ET FORETS DES TROPIQUES LA English DT Article DE dwarf forest; endemic flora and fauna; forest structure; environmental gradients; Puerto Rico ID ELFIN FOREST; CLOUD-FOREST; HURRICANE HUGO; ECOLOGY; DISTURBANCE; RECOVERY; GROWTH; ROOT AB TREE SPECIES DISTRIBUTION AND FOREST STRUCTURE ALONG ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS IN THE DWARF FOREST OF THE LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS OF PUERTO RICO Eleven groups of three plots stratified by aspect (windward vs. leeward) and topography (ridge, slope, and ravine) and varying in elevation from 880 to about 1,000 metres were used to sample forest structure and species composition within the dwarf forest of the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. Stem density to windward was significantly greater on slopes, and for all topographies combined, than to leeward. The leeward canopy height was significantly greater on slopes, and for all topographies combined, than to windward. In addition, combined mean density declined from ridge through slope to ravine for all sites whereas the opposite was true of the combined mean canopy height. Biomass was greater on ridges and slopes than in ravines for both aspects combined. Also, biomass to leeward was greater than to windward for all topographies combined; however, none of the biomass relationships was significant. Tabebuia rigida Urban was the most abundant species, accounting for > 23 % of the 3,619 stems counted, whereas Eugenia borinquensis Britton was the most widespread, occurring on 90 % of the plots. One-half of the 42 recorded species accounted for < 2 % all stems. Climatic, edaphic, and physiological factors account for dwarf forest, which is adapted for survival under rigorous conditions. Dwarf forest provides numerous benefits, including critical habitat for many endemic flora and fauna, valuable water supplies, panoramic vistas, and recreational opportunities. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. RP Weaver, PL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Jardin Bot 1201 Calle Ceiba, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU CIRAD-CENTRE COOPERATION INT RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE POUR PI MONTPELLIER PA B P 5035, MONTPELLIER, 00000, FRANCE SN 0006-579X J9 BOIS FOR TROP JI Bois For. Trop. PY 2010 IS 306 BP 33 EP 44 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 738KV UT WOS:000288639600005 ER PT J AU Cheng, H AF Cheng, Hans BE Bishop, SC Axford, RFE Nicholas, FW Owen, JB TI Viral Diseases in Chickens SO BREEDING FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE IN FARM ANIMALS, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; AVIAN-LEUKOSIS VIRUS; LOCI AFFECTING SUSCEPTIBILITY; B-HAPLOTYPE INFLUENCE; MAREKS-DISEASE; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; RECEPTOR GENE; LINKAGE MAP; MX-PROTEIN; RNA INTERFERENCE AB Controlling infectious disease is one of the major issues facing poultry breeders, particularly since the introduction of high-density rearing. The poultry industry relies primarily on animal husbandry and vaccination for disease control. Commercial poultry vary in disease incidence for most of the important avian viral pathogens; thus, selection for enhanced genetic resistance to disease offers another added layer of control. Furthermore, chickens with enhanced disease resistance would help poultry-breeding companies gain market share, maintain consumer confidence and improve animal welfare. Due to the high costs associated with pathogen challenge and the biological complexity of disease resistance, selection has been limited to very few viral diseases where the primary control methods of animal husbandry and vaccination may fail. With the advent of the chicken genome sequence and related genomic technologies, there is enormous potential to identify specific genes, mutations and pathways controlling disease resistance. The ensuing knowledge can be utilized to produce commercial poultry resistant to many more diseases using genetic markers and other indirect methods of selection. This chapter highlights the technologies that are making this advance in biological knowledge possible, specific diseases where cutting-edge technologies are being applied and future prospects. C1 ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Cheng, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 94 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-555-9 PY 2010 BP 70 EP 87 D2 10.1079/9781845935559.0000 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BWK65 UT WOS:000294160100005 ER PT J AU Lunney, JK AF Lunney, Joan K. BE Bishop, SC Axford, RFE Nicholas, FW Owen, JB TI Viral Diseases in Pigs SO BREEDING FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE IN FARM ANIMALS, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME-VIRUS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; AFRICAN-SWINE-FEVER; LONG-OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAY; MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME; ATROPHIC RHINITIS VACCINES; DIVERSE COMMERCIAL LINES; LOW IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ANIMAL HEALTH AB Genomic approaches have expanded our understanding of genes and gene pathways and quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling traits of economic importance in pig production, recently including health traits and disease resistance. Efforts are under way to use novel tools including pig gene arrays, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) chips, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and advanced bioinformatics to find new candidate genes and biological pathways associated with host resistance, viral disease processes and mechanisms, and biomarkers that account for control of responses to viral pathogens and vaccine efficacy in targeted pig populations. This chapter focuses on the advances made on using genomic approaches to define swine resistance to viral pathogens, particularly for the most economically important viruses, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus (PCV). These studies will have substantial impact for the pig industry: it is now possible to include the use of biomarkers for basic health traits alongside a broader set of markers utilized for selection of pigs for improved performance and reproductive traits, as well as for pork quality. C1 ARS, APDL, ANRI, USDA,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lunney, JK (reprint author), ARS, APDL, ANRI, USDA,BARC E, Bldg 1040,Room 103, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Luan, Gan/B-3211-2015 NR 139 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-555-9 PY 2010 BP 141 EP 165 DI 10.1079/9781845935559.0141 D2 10.1079/9781845935559.0000 PG 25 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BWK65 UT WOS:000294160100007 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Lillehoj, HS Hong, YH Jang, SI Lillehoj, EP Ionescu, C Mazuranok, L Bravo, D AF Lee, S. H. Lillehoj, H. S. Hong, Y. H. Jang, S. I. Lillehoj, E. P. Ionescu, C. Mazuranok, L. Bravo, D. TI In vitro effects of plant and mushroom extracts on immunological function of chicken lymphocytes and macrophages SO BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; TUMOR-CELLS; EIMERIA-ACERVULINA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SILYBUM-MARIANUM; INTERFERON-GAMMA; BROILER-CHICKENS; MILK THISTLE; HEPATITIS-B; COCCIDIOSIS AB 1. The present study was conducted to examine the effects of organic extracts from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), turmeric (Curcuma longa), reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), and shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) on innate immunity and tumor cell viability. 2. Innate immunity was measured by lymphocyte proliferation and nitric oxide production by macrophages, and the inhibitory effect on tumor cell growth was assessed using a non-radioactive assay. For measuring the cytokine levels in the HD11 macrophages which were treated with extracts of turmeric or shiitake mushroom, the levels of mRNAs for interferon- (IFN- ), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15 (TNFSF15) were quantified by real time RT-PCR. 3. In vitro culture of chicken spleen lymphocytes with extracts of milk thistle, turmeric, and shiitake and reishi mushrooms induced significantly higher cell proliferation compared with the untreated control cells. Stimulation of macrophages with extracts of milk thistle and shiitake and reishi mushrooms, but not turmeric, resulted in robust nitric oxide production to levels that were similar with those induced by recombinant chicken interferon-. All extracts uniformly inhibited the growth of chicken tumor cells in vitro at the concentration of 6 center dot 3 through 100 mu g/ml. Finally, the levels of mRNAs encoding IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, and TNFSF15 were enhanced in macrophages that were treated with extracts of turmeric or shiitake mushroom compared with the untreated control. 4. These results document the immunologically-based enhancement of innate immunity in chickens by extracts of plants and mushrooms with known medicinal properties in vitro. In vivo studies are being planned to delineate the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for their mechanism of action. C1 [Lee, S. H.; Lillehoj, H. S.; Hong, Y. H.; Jang, S. I.] USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lillehoj, E. P.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Ionescu, C.; Mazuranok, L.; Bravo, D.] Pancosma SA, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 1043,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ars.usda.gov FU ARS-USDA; Pancosma FX This project was partially supported by a Trust agreement established between ARS-USDA and Pancosma. The authors thank Margie Nichols for her significant contribution to this research. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1668 J9 BRIT POULTRY SCI JI Br. Poult. Sci. PY 2010 VL 51 IS 2 BP 213 EP 221 AR PII 922096871 DI 10.1080/00071661003745844 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 594OT UT WOS:000277547700007 PM 20461582 ER PT J AU Mahmood, R Pielke, RA Hubbard, KG Niyogi, D Bonan, G Lawrence, P McNider, R McAlpine, C Etter, A Gameda, S Qian, BD Carleton, A Beltran-Przekurat, A Chase, T Quintanar, AI Adegoke, JO Vezhapparambu, S Conner, G Asefi, S Sertel, E Legates, DR Wu, YL Hale, R Frauenfeld, OW Watts, A Shepherd, M Mitra, C Anantharaj, VG Fall, S Lund, R Trevino, A Blanken, P Du, JY Chang, HI Leeper, RE Nair, US Dobler, S Deo, R Syktus, J AF Mahmood, Rezaul Pielke, Roger A., Sr. Hubbard, Kenneth G. Niyogi, Dev Bonan, Gordon Lawrence, Peter McNider, Richard McAlpine, Clive Etter, Andres Gameda, Samuel Qian, Budong Carleton, Andrew Beltran-Przekurat, Adriana Chase, Thomas Quintanar, Arturo I. Adegoke, Jimmy O. Vezhapparambu, Sajith Conner, Glen Asefi, Salvi Sertel, Elif Legates, David R. Wu, Yuling Hale, Robert Frauenfeld, Oliver W. Watts, Anthony Shepherd, Marshall Mitra, Chandana Anantharaj, Valentine G. Fall, Souleymane Lund, Robert Trevino, Anna Blanken, Peter Du, Jinyang Chang, Hsin-I Leeper, Ronni E. Nair, Udaysankar S. Dobler, Scott Deo, Ravinesh Syktus, Jozef TI IMPACTS OF LAND USE/LAND COVER CHANGE ON CLIMATE AND FUTURE RESEARCH PRIORITIES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID US CORN-BELT; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SYNOPTIC CIRCULATION; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; PRECIPITATION; URBANIZATION; WEATHER; TRENDS; VARIABILITY C1 [Mahmood, Rezaul; Quintanar, Arturo I.; Conner, Glen; Leeper, Ronni E.; Dobler, Scott] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Mahmood, Rezaul; Quintanar, Arturo I.; Conner, Glen; Leeper, Ronni E.; Dobler, Scott] Western Kentucky Univ, Kentucky Climate Ctr, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Pielke, Roger A., Sr.; Beltran-Przekurat, Adriana] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hubbard, Kenneth G.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, High Plains Reg Climate Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Niyogi, Dev] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Niyogi, Dev] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bonan, Gordon] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [McAlpine, Clive; Deo, Ravinesh] Univ Queensland, Ctr Remote Sensing & Spatial Informat Sci, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Etter, Andres] Univ Javeriana, Dept Ecol & Terr, Bogota, Colombia. [Gameda, Samuel; Qian, Budong] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Carleton, Andrew] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Adegoke, Jimmy O.; Vezhapparambu, Sajith] Univ Missouri, Dept Geosci, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Asefi, Salvi; Nair, Udaysankar S.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Sertel, Elif] Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Geodesy & Photogrammetry, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey. [Legates, David R.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Climat Res, Dept Geog, Newark, DE USA. [Hale, Robert] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Frauenfeld, Oliver W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Shepherd, Marshall; Mitra, Chandana] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Watts, Anthony] IntelliWeather, Chico, CA USA. [Anantharaj, Valentine G.] Mississippi State Univ, GeoResources Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Fall, Souleymane; Chang, Hsin-I] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lund, Robert] Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC USA. [Trevino, Anna] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Blanken, Peter] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Du, Jinyang] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Syktus, Jozef] Queensland Climate Change Ctr Excellence, Queensland Dept Environm & Resource Management, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Mahmood, R (reprint author), Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, 1906 Coll Hts Blvd, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM rezaul.mahmood@wku.edu RI Etter, Andres/E-1860-2011; Syktus, Jozef/E-7173-2011; Deo, Ravinesh/F-6157-2012; Qian, Budong/F-2345-2011; McAlpine, Clive/A-3907-2010; Sertel, Elif/C-1558-2014 OI Etter, Andres/0000-0003-0665-9300; Syktus, Jozef/0000-0003-1782-3073; Deo, Ravinesh/0000-0002-2290-6749; BLANKEN, PETER/0000-0002-7405-2220; FU National Science Foundation [CAREER-0847472]; USDA [586445-6-068]; DOE [08ER64674]; NASA FX The authors would like to thank the editor and the reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. These comments helped to significantly improve this manuscript. This paper is the outcome of a National Science Foundation-funded workshop entitled "Detecting the Atmospheric Response to the Changing Face of the Earth: A Focus on Human-Caused Regional Climate Forcings, Land-Cover/Land-Use Change, and Data Monitoring." It was held in Boulder, Colorado, on 27-29 August, 2007. The presentations can be found online at http://kyclim.wku.edu/Boulder.html and http://cires.colorado.edu/science/groups/pielke/links/Detect/. The paper also benefited from USDA Grant 586445-6-068, the DOE ARM Program (08ER64674), NSF CAREER-0847472, and NASA's Terrestrial Hydrology Program. R. A. Pielke Sr., was supported on this study through the University of Colorado in Boulder (CIRES/ATOC). The authors thank Dr. Bruce Baker for his valuable comments and suggestions during the workshop and for providing Figure 1. We would also like to thank Dallas Staley for her outstanding contribution in editing and finalizing the paper. NR 66 TC 92 Z9 106 U1 9 U2 78 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 91 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2769.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 567CO UT WOS:000275420100003 ER PT J AU Turgeon, JJ Pedlar, J de Groot, P Smith, MT Jones, C Orr, M Gasman, B AF Turgeon, Jean J. Pedlar, John de Groot, Peter Smith, Michael T. Jones, Chuck Orr, Mary Gasman, Ben TI Density and location of simulated signs of injury affect efficacy of ground surveys for Asian longhorned beetle SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ANOPLOPHORA-GLABRIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; CERAMBYCIDAE; POPULATIONS; FECUNDITY; CHINA; TREES AB Surveys for Asian longhorned beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), currently rely upon visual examination of trees to discover signs of attack. By embedding simulated A. glabripennis oviposition pits and exit holes on open-grown Norway maples, Acer platanoides L. (Aceraccae), we evaluated the effect of sign density, height above ground (below or above 2.5 m), and position (bole or branch) when foliage was present or absent on inspector ability to distinguish trees with or without signs. From this, we quantified detectability, or the proportion of trees correctly identified as infested, and determined the time taken to do so. Effectiveness in detecting trees with signs improved when sign density increased, when signs were below 2.5 m, and when oviposition pits were located on boles and exit holes on branches. These main findings require some caveats, due to a number of significant interactions. Foliage presence/absence had no apparent influence on effectiveness; possible reasons are provided for this result. Time-to-find curves, which illustrated the proportion of inspectors who accurately identified an infested tree as a function of survey duration, revealed that for most treatment combinations, most infested trees were detected within the first 2 min of survey time. These findings provide baseline data to assist managers in designing effective protocols for ground surveys of A. glabripennis. C1 [Turgeon, Jean J.; Pedlar, John; de Groot, Peter; Jones, Chuck] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Smith, Michael T.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Orr, Mary; Gasman, Ben] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Toronto, ON M3J 2E2, Canada. RP Turgeon, JJ (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, 1219 Queen St E, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. EM jean.turgeon@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca NR 41 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 142 IS 1 BP 80 EP 96 DI 10.4039/n09-049 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 557JY UT WOS:000274666600009 ER PT J AU Lachenbruch, B Johnson, GR Downes, GM Evans, R AF Lachenbruch, B. Johnson, G. R. Downes, G. M. Evans, R. TI Relationships of density, microfibril angle, and sound velocity with stiffness and strength in mature wood of Douglas-fir SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE WOOD; RADIATA PINE; CELL-WALL; ELASTICITY; PREDICTION; MODULUS; GROWTH AB The relative importance of density, acoustic velocity, and microfibril angle (MFA) for the prediction of stiffness (MOE) and strength (MOR) has not been well established for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). MOE and MOR of small clear specimens of mature wood were better predicted by density and velocity than by either variable alone (183 trees >20 years old, six specimens per tree, 1087 specimens total). Specimens sampled around the stern circumference had similar density (intraclass correlation coefficient t = 0.74) but not MOE (t = 0.40) or acoustic velocity (t = 0.32), indicating benefits front sampling several circumferential positions. For MOE, the path coefficients (beta) were moderate for density and velocity. For MOR, beta was only high for density. End-matched samples of one specimen per tree were analyzed with SilviScan. Simple correlations with MOE were highest for density (r = 0.67) and then acoustic velocity(2) (0.53), MFA (-0.50), earlywood MFA (-0.45), and latewood proportion (0.40). Most correlations were weaker for MOR. Density had a higher beta than did MFA for either MOE or MOR, In more complex path models, latewood proportion and latewood density were the most important contributors to MOE and MOR, and MFA was relatively unimportant. The path analyses showed what simple correlation did not: that latewood proportion has strong predictive value for Douglas-fir mature wood quality. C1 [Lachenbruch, B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Johnson, G. R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Downes, G. M.] CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Evans, R.] CSIRO Mat Sci & Engn, Clayton, Vic, Australia. RP Lachenbruch, B (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM barb.lachenbruch@oregonstate.edu RI Downes, Geoffrey/C-5803-2011 OI Downes, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6502-7413 FU PNW Agenda 2020 program; USDA grant to Oregon State University FX We thank Amy Grotta and Matt Peterson for field and laboratory help, John Nairn for discussion, and anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions. This research was funded by the PNW Agenda 2020 program and a special USDA grant to Oregon State University for wood utilization research. NR 37 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 29 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 40 IS 1 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1139/X09-174 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 549PO UT WOS:000274066300006 ER PT J AU Friesen, TL Faris, JD AF Friesen, Timothy L. Faris, Justin D. TI Characterization of the wheat-Stagonospora nodorum disease system: what is the molecular basis of this quantitative necrotrophic disease interaction? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Canadian-Phytopathological-Society CY JUN 22-25, 2009 CL Winnipeg, CANADA SP Canadian Phytopathol Soc DE effector proteins; host selective toxin; Phaeosphaeria nodorum; Triticum aestivum ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; HOST-SELECTIVE TOXINS; WALL-DEGRADING ENZYMES; SEPTORIA-NODORUM; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; PTR TOXA; IN-VITRO; TAN SPOT; TSN1-TOXA INTERACTION; SENSITIVITY GENES AB Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) has long been a problem in wheat production areas by affecting both the leaves and glumes of susceptible bread and durum wheat. Resistance to both disease phases has been shown to be complexly inherited and although much effort has gone into the identification and introgression of disease resistance, less than satisfactory progress has been made in producing SNB resistant cultivars. A major pitfall in this process has been the lack of understanding of the underlying mechanism of disease resistance. Recently, we have shown the Stagonospora nodorum-wheat interaction to involve multiple effector proteins also known as host-selective toxins (HSTs) that interact either directly or indirectly with dominant wheat sensitivity/susceptibility gene products to induce disease. Therefore, we have referred to this system as an 'inverse gene-for-gene' interaction (i.e. effector-triggered susceptibility) because the recognition of an effector protein by the host leads to susceptibility rather than resistance as it does in classical gene-for-gene interactions currently referred to as effector-triggered immunity. To date, we have reported five HST-host gene interactions. In each case, toxin sensitivity and susceptibility is controlled by a single dominant gene and in all but one case the interaction is dependent on light. Using quantitative trait loci analysis, the toxin-host gene interactions have been shown to account for 18-95% of the disease variation, highlighting the importance of these interactions. Several unpublished interactions also exist making this a model system for the investigation of the molecular mechanism of necrotrophic disease. C1 [Friesen, Timothy L.; Faris, Justin D.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Friesen, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM timothy.friesen@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 1 BP 20 EP 28 AR PII 920007684 DI 10.1080/07060661003620896 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 622MX UT WOS:000279669000003 ER PT J AU Gilbert, J Clear, RM Ward, TJ Gaba, D Tekauz, A Turkington, TK Woods, SM Nowicki, T O'Donnell, K AF Gilbert, J. Clear, R. M. Ward, T. J. Gaba, D. Tekauz, A. Turkington, T. K. Woods, S. M. Nowicki, T. O'Donnell, K. TI Relative aggressiveness and production of 3-or 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol by Fusarium graminearum in spring wheat SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE 3-; 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol; 3-; 15-ADON; deoxynivalenol; Fusarium graminearum; fusarium head blight; mycotoxin; Triticum aestivum ID HEAD BLIGHT; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; TRICHOTHECENE; BARLEY; RESISTANCE; SCAB AB Fusarium graminearum is the principal cause of fusarium head blight in North America, a disease that has caused severe losses in yield and quality of cereals. In North America, the vast majority of F. graminearum isolates produce 3- or 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (ADON) in addition to DON. Until recently, 15-ADON isolates predominated, but a rapid shift from 15-ADON to 3-ADON producers in Canada and north central USA has been documented. In order to better understand the effect of this population shift on relative aggressiveness of isolates and mycotoxin accumulation, we tested a total of 58 isolates for 3- and 15-ADON production on two Canadian spring wheat cultivars, 'Roblin' (susceptible) and '5602 HR' (moderately resistant). In Experiment 1, three isolates from the Canadian provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, each of which produced either 15-ADON or 3-ADON, were tested using spray inoculation. In Experiment 2, 20 isolates which produced 15-ADON and 20 which produced 3-ADON from Manitoba, were tested using point inoculation. There were no significant differences in aggressiveness among isolates based either on geographic origin or mycotoxin type. Analysis of seeds from inoculated heads by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry indicated that the 3-ADON producing isolates had significantly higher DON levels than the 15-ADON isolates in 'Roblin' after both spray and point inoculation and in '5602HR' after point inoculation. DON levels following point inoculation by 15-ADON isolates were similar in the two cultivars. The 15-ADON isolates from Alberta produced less DON than 15-ADON isolates from Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Consistently, more ADON was produced by 15-ADON isolates than by 3-ADON isolates. The results of the study suggest that if the percentage of 3-ADON isolates in Canada increases, DON levels in cereals are likely to increase in epidemic years. C1 [Gilbert, J.; Tekauz, A.; Woods, S. M.] AAFC, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 3E5, Canada. [Clear, R. M.; Gaba, D.; Nowicki, T.] Canadian Grain Commiss, Grain Res Lab, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G8, Canada. [Ward, T. J.; O'Donnell, K.] ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Turkington, T. K.] AAFC, Lacombe Res Ctr, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. RP Gilbert, J (reprint author), AAFC, Cereal Res Ctr, 195 Dafoe Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 3E5, Canada. EM jeannie.gilbert@agr.gc.ca FU Western Grains Research Foundation; Matching Investments Initiative FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Ron Kaethler, Kirsten Slusarenko and Courtney Leclerc for technical support and the Western Grains Research Foundation and Matching Investments Initiative for financial support. NR 18 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 2 BP 146 EP 152 AR PII 922717702 DI 10.1080/07060661003740231 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 608EM UT WOS:000278565500004 ER PT J AU Acevedo, M Jackson, EW Sturbaum, A Ohm, HW Bonman, JM AF Acevedo, M. Jackson, E. W. Sturbaum, A. Ohm, H. W. Bonman, J. M. TI An improved method to quantify Puccinia coronata f. sp avenae DNA in the host Avena sativa SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE crown rust; disease resistance; fungal detection; genetic mapping ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CROWN RUST; PARTIAL RESISTANCE; OAT; CULTIVARS; PCR; SELECTION; SOFTWARE; DETECT AB Identification and genetic mapping of loci conferring resistance to polycyclic pathogens such as the rust fungi depends on accurate measurement of disease resistance. We converted an absolute quantification assay of Puccinia coronata DNA to a relative assay by adding a TaqMan (R) primers/probe set specific to the oat -actin gene to simplify and improve quantification of fungal infection. The new multiplex assay estimates the amount of fungal DNA in a sample relative to the amount of host DNA and requires fewer and less labour-intensive steps than previous assays. The relative fungal DNA assay (RFDNA) reliably detected and quantified both host and pathogen DNA over five orders of magnitude and was at least as sensitive as either digital image analysis (DLA) or absolute estimation of fungal DNA (AFDNA) in repeated greenhouse studies using 12 oat cultivars with different resistance responses to P. coronata isolate LGCG. Measuring crown rust resistance to LGCG using DLA, AFDNA and RFDNA in a P8669/P94163 recombinant inbred line population produced segregation ratios that did not differ from the 1:1 Mendelian ratio expected for a single gene. Compared to the AFDNA assessment method, the RFDNA assay is equally sensitive, yet faster and much easier to use than the AFDNA method for precise quantification of the crown rust pathogen in oat leaves. The method will be especially useful for streamlining measurement of partial resistance, since uncovering small differences in resistance requires phenotypic evaluation of large populations. C1 [Acevedo, M.; Jackson, E. W.; Sturbaum, A.; Bonman, J. M.] USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Ohm, H. W.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Acevedo, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM maricelis.acevedo@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 2 BP 215 EP 224 AR PII 922729358 DI 10.1080/07060661.2010.484182 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 608EM UT WOS:000278565500010 ER PT J AU Chen, XM Penman, L Wan, AM Cheng, P AF Chen, Xianming Penman, Laura Wan, Anmin Cheng, Peng TI Virulence races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici in 2006 and 2007 and development of wheat stripe rust and distributions, dynamics, and evolutionary relationships of races from 2000 to 2007 in the United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; Puccinia striiformis f; sp; tritici; races; stripe rust; virulence; wheat; yellow rust ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; NORTH-AMERICA; GENES; CULTIVARS; EPIDEMIC; IDENTIFICATION; INHERITANCE AB Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (PST), has historically been the most frequently destructive disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the western United States and has become a more frequent problem in the central and southeastern states since 2000. The race composition of PST has been determined every year from rust-infected leaf samples of wheat and grasses collected in the United States on a set of 20 differential wheat genotypes. In 2006, a total of 18 races were detected, of which five were detected for the first time. In 2007, a total of 30 races were detected, of which 11 were newly detected. Among the 16 new races detected in 2006 and 2007, PST-127 was the most important as it has the broadest virulence spectrum identified so far (virulent to all 20 differential genotypes except for 'Moro', AVS/6*Yr5 (Yr5), and 'Tres') and combined virulence factors to 'Tyee' (YrTye) and 'Hyak' (Yr17 and YrTye) and those common in the race group detected since 2000. The distribution, frequency changes, and evolutionary relationships for races detected from 2000 to 2007 were analyzed. Three major waves of race changes were identified during the eight-year period. From 2000 to 2002, the predominant races were PST-78 and PST-80, which were virulent on wheat genotypes 'Lemhi', 'Heines VII', 'Lee', 'Fielder', 'Express', AVS/6*Yr8, AVS/6*Yr9, 'Clement' and 'Compair'. Race PST-80 is also virulent on 'Produra'. From 2003 to 2006, the predominant race was PST-100, with the same virulence formula as PST-80 plus virulence on 'Yamhill' and 'Stephens'. Starting in 2006, races with the same virulence formula of PST-100 plus virulence to Yr1 became predominant in California and races with the virulence of PST-100 plus virulence on Yr10 became predominant in the Pacific Northwest. During 2000 to 2007, races with more virulence factors became more predominant in the United States, indicating that races with increased virulence factors are at an advantage in the pathogen population over those with fewer virulence factors because they are able to infect more wheat cultivars. C1 [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming; Penman, Laura; Wan, Anmin; Cheng, Peng] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, XM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM xianming@wsu.edu FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [5348-22000-014-00D]; Washington Wheat Commission; Idaho Wheat Commission; PPNS [0515]; Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Agricultural Research Center [WNP00823, 13C-3061-3923, 13C-3061-5822]; Washington State University, Pullman, USA FX This study was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (Projects No. 5348-22000-014-00D), Washington Wheat Commission, and Idaho Wheat Commission. PPNS No. 0515, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Agricultural Research Center, Project No. WNP00823 (Projects 13C-3061-3923 and 13C-3061-5822), Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA. The authors thank the following people for collecting and sending stripe rust samples: G. Aksland, R. Allan, D. Anderson, J. Avant, D. Bland, T. Blunt, R. Bowden, M. Bowman, B. Brown, C. Brown, K. Burch, J. Burns, O. Cantu, M. Carson, B. Carver, R. Cartwright, G. Cisar, A. Corey, J. Costa, A. Coulon, C. Cowger, B. Cunfer, E. DeWolf, B. Edge, J. Engle, D. Falk, S. Fichtner, A. Fritz, J. Gilbert, B. Grey, C. Griffey, J. Hancock, S. Haley, S. Harrison, R. Herrington, D. Herron, D. Hole, R. Hunger, L. Jackson, Y. Jin, J. Johnson, M. Johnston, R. Johnston, D. Jones, S. Jones, R. Karow, D. Kirby, A. Klatt, J. Kleinjan, T. Koehler, L. Kolb, M. Kolding, J. Kolmer, H. Lambert, M. Larson, M. Lazar, M. Lewis, R. Line, P. Lipps, Y. Liu, A. Loladze, D. Long, L. Lowe, S. Lyon, S. Markell, D. Marshall, R. Matchett, R. McIntosh, J. Miller, E. Milus, J. Moffat, S. Monfort, S. Mornell, C. Nelson, L. Osborne, B. Padgett, T. Paulitz, J. Peterson, S. Petrie, S. Pomoransky, L. Reddy, T. Reoper, T. Richard, J. Roberts, J. Rudd, D. Sanford, D. Santra, J. Schimelfenig, J. Schmierer, T. Schubert, R. Sears, G. Shaner, G. Shelton, R. Smiley, E. Souza, J. Stack, B. Steffenson, J. Stein, A. Steve, D. Tague, T. Tayson, A. Tenuta, V. Velasco, J. Vestal, M. Vuhoeven, M. Wang, J. Watkins, J. Windes, D. Wood, J. Youmans, R. Zemetra, X. Zhang and J. Zitzenitz. We also thank Drs Roland F. Line and Dennis A. Johnson for their critical review of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 78 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3 BP 315 EP 333 AR PII 925538723 DI 10.1080/07060661.2010.499271 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 647XH UT WOS:000281653500005 ER PT J AU Blaedow, KE Baumgartner, K Cox, KD Schnabel, G AF Blaedow, K. E. Baumgartner, K. Cox, K. D. Schnabel, G. TI Natural infection of an herbaceous host by Armillaria: a case study on Hemerocallis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Armillaria gallica; Armillaria root rot; daylily; host range; oak root rot ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; NORTH-AMERICA; DNA-SEQUENCES; UNITED-STATES; RFLP ANALYSIS; ROOT-ROT; IDENTIFICATION; MELLEA; OSTOYAE; PATHOGENICITY AB Symptoms of Armillaria root rot were observed on the herbaceous ornamental, Hemerocallis sp. (daylily), in a residential area in Walhalla, South Carolina, which was surrounded by dense, hardwood forest that also contained diseased hosts. Our objectives were to describe a natural occurrence of Armillaria root rot on daylily, a newly discovered host for the pathogen, and to characterize the Armillaria species involved. To characterize the Armillaria species collected from daylily, we used all available methods, including both traditional (sexual compatibility tests, basidiome morphology) and molecular (phylogenetic analyses of rDNA internal transcribed spacer, ITS, and intergenic spacer I, IGS-I) approaches. The presence of rhizomorphs in the topsoil of daylily beds and on the roots of symptomatic daylilies, coupled with our finding of identical ITS1 sequences among isolates originating from each of a rhizomorph, a daylily, and a neighbouring dogwood, suggests that Armillaria rhizomorphs had spread from native hosts to infect the daylilies. Basidiocarp morphology and basidiospore size best matched that documented for A. gallica. However, rDNA sequence analysis and sexual compatibility were not 100% conclusive. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences revealed that the unknown Armillaria isolates were most closely related to A. calvescens and A. gallica. Analysis of IGS-I sequences was even less informative, grouping our isolates with A. cepistipes, A. gallica and A. sinapina. Sexual compatibility (mating) tests revealed that haploid isolates from daylily were compatible with three of the A. gallica tester isolates, but also one of the A. calvescens tester isolates. Our findings suggest a possible southerly distribution and expanded host range for A. gallica, and raise further questions about the Armillaria species concept as it pertains to the two closely related species, A. calvescens and A. gallica. C1 [Schnabel, G.] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Blaedow, K. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Baumgartner, K.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cox, K. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Barton Lab, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Schnabel, G (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM schnabe@clemson.edu NR 72 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3 BP 351 EP 360 AR PII 926630966 DI 10.1080/07060661.2010.508629 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 647XH UT WOS:000281653500008 ER PT J AU Worrall, JJ Adams, GC Tharp, SC AF Worrall, James J. Adams, Gerard C. Tharp, Sarah C. TI Summer heat and an epidemic of cytospora canker of Alnus SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Alnus incana ssp; tenuifolia; climate change; cytospora canker; endophyte; latent infection; mortality; temperature oscillation; thinleaf alder; Valsa melanodiscus; water potential ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS; BETULA-OCCIDENTALIS; WATER STATUS; DROUGHT; XYLEM; PLANT; PREDISPOSITION; CAVITATION; RESISTANCE AB An epidemic of cytospora canker [Valsa melanodiscus, anamorph Cytospora umbrina] is associated with dieback and mortality of Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia in the Southern Rocky Mountains and had begun by the late 1980s. Isolations showed that inoculum was often abundant on bark and bud surfaces even in winter, especially near diseased stems. The pathogen was occasionally isolated from internal tissues of dormant buds and asymptomatic wood and phloem. In infected stems, the pathogen was detected up to 5 cm beyond visible canker margins. The data suggest that the pathogen can cause latent infections, but the infection court remains unclear. Inoculations of healthy stems in the field did not induce canker formation. Fruiting of the anamorph was primarily in late winter and spring, and sexual maturation occurred in late summer and fall. Stem age and growth data support earlier conclusions that the mortality does not represent a steady-state condition with normal attrition of older stems. Canker expansion and killing of branches and stems occurred almost exclusively in the warmest part of summer. We present a hypothesis and supporting evidence suggesting that warm summer temperatures are conducive to the disease. Locally, summer temperatures, and especially maxima, have varied with a dominant oscillation period of approximately 21 years. We speculate that alder populations expand during cool climate phases and shrink during warm phases due to epidemics of cytospora canker. More recently, the oscillation has dampened as an increasing trend of temperature has become dominant, locally and globally. If the trend continues, this already severe epidemic may become more damaging, without intervening opportunities for alder populations to recover. C1 [Worrall, James J.; Tharp, Sarah C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. [Adams, Gerard C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Worrall, JJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 216 N Colorado St, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. EM jworrall@fs.fed.us RI Worrall, James/G-9496-2011 FU USDA Forest Service FX This work was supported by funds from USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Monitoring, Evaluation Monitoring Program. Jennifer Lorango, Anthony Clawson and Katie Wilcox assisted with field and laboratory work. Leanne Egeland provided logistical support. Bruce Bartleson provided recent weather data and helped resolve issues with other station data. Dmitri Kondrashov and Michael Ghil provided valuable advice on spectral analysis. The manuscript or portions thereof was kindly reviewed by John Sperry, Roger Ruess, Jennifer Rohrs-Richey and Suzanne Marchetti. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3 BP 376 EP 386 AR PII 925521369 DI 10.1080/07060661.2010.499265 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 647XH UT WOS:000281653500011 ER PT J AU Kumar, K Xi, K Holtz, M Turkington, TK Chen, XM Helm, J Salmon, D Booker, H Spaner, D AF Kumar, K. Xi, K. Holtz, M. Turkington, T. K. Chen, X. M. Helm, J. Salmon, D. Booker, H. Spaner, D. TI Virulence of Puccinia striiformis of cereals in central Alberta SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Field Crop Dev Ctr Alberta Agr & Rural Dev, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. [Turkington, T. K.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lacombe Res Ctr, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. [Chen, X. M.] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Helm, J.; Salmon, D.] Field Crop Dev Alberta Agr & Rural Dev, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W8, Canada. [Booker, H.; Spaner, D.] Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Agr Forestry Ctr 410, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3 BP 408 EP 409 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 647XH UT WOS:000281653500023 ER PT J AU Xi, K Kumar, K Holtz, M Vandermaar, L Langford, L Wilson, M Chen, XM Booker, H Spaner, D Turkington, TK Nyachiro, J Salmon, D AF Xi, K. Kumar, K. Holtz, M. Vandermaar, L. Langford, L. Wilson, M. Chen, X. M. Booker, H. Spaner, D. Turkington, T. K. Nyachiro, J. Salmon, D. TI Cereal resistance to stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis and potential sources of inoculum SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Alberta Agr & Rural Dev, Field Crop Dev Ctr, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. [Chen, X. M.] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Booker, H.; Spaner, D.] Univ Alberta, Dept Agri Food & Nutr Sci, Agr Forestry Ctr 410, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. [Turkington, T. K.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lacombe Res Ctr, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. [Nyachiro, J.; Salmon, D.] Alberta Agr & Rural Dev, Field Crop Dev Ctr, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W8, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3 BP 410 EP 411 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 647XH UT WOS:000281653500029 ER PT J AU Talukder, ZI Anderson, E Miklas, PN Blair, MW Osorno, J Dilawari, M Hossain, KG AF Talukder, Z. I. Anderson, E. Miklas, P. N. Blair, M. W. Osorno, J. Dilawari, M. Hossain, K. G. TI Genetic diversity and selection of genotypes to enhance Zn and Fe content in common bean SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Common bean; genetic diversity; mineral nutrients; breeding ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L.; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; ZINC-DEFICIENCY; CORE COLLECTION; RAPD MARKERS; LANDRACES; CULTIVARS; MESOAMERICAN; COEFFICIENT; DIVERGENCE AB Talukder, Z. I., Anderson, E., Miklas, P. N., Blair, M. W., Osorno, J., Dilawari, M. and Hossain, K. G. 2010. Genetic diversity and selection of genotypes to enhance Zn and Fe content in common bean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 90: 49-60. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important source of dietary protein and minerals worldwide. Genes conditioning variability for mineral contents are not clearly understood. Our ultimate goal is to identify genes conditioning genetic variation for Zn and Fe content. To establish mapping populations for this objective, we tested mineral content of 29 common bean genotypes. Chemical analyses revealed significant genetic variability for seed Zn and Fe contents among the genotypes. Genetic diversity was evaluated with 49 primer pairs, of which 23 were simple sequence repeats (SSR), 16 were developed from tentative consensus (TC) sequences, and 10 were generated from common bean NBS-LRR gene sequences. The discriminatory ability of molecular markers for identifying allelic variation among genotypes was estimated by polymorphism information content (PIC) and the genetic diversity was measured from genetic similarities between genotypes. Primers developed from NBS-LRR gene sequences were highly polymorphic in both PIC values and number of alleles (0.82 and 5.3), followed by SSRs (0.56 and 3.0), and markers developed from TC (0.39 and 2.0). genetic similarity values between genotypes ranged from 14.0 (JaloEEP558 and DOR364) to 91.4 (MIB152 and MIB465). Cluster analysis clearly discriminated the genotypes into Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools. Common bean genotypes were selected to include in crossing to enhance seed Zn and Fe content based on genetic diversity and seed mineral contents of the genotypes. C1 [Talukder, Z. I.; Hossain, K. G.] Mayville State Univ, Mayville, ND 58257 USA. [Miklas, P. N.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Blair, M. W.] Ctr Int Agr Trop, Cali, Colombia. [Osorno, J.; Dilawari, M.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Hossain, KG (reprint author), Mayville State Univ, Mayville, ND 58257 USA. EM K_hossain@mayvillestate.edu RI Osorno, Juan/C-6971-2009 FU USDA [2006-03590] FX The authors thank Dr. Phillip E. McClean, Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, for providing SSR primers and primers developed from TC sequences. The project was supported by the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service; National Research Initiative-Plant Genome Program (Award#: 2006-03590). NR 53 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 90 IS 1 BP 49 EP 60 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 554QN UT WOS:000274449600006 ER PT J AU Rupasinghe, HPV Huber, GM Embree, C Forsline, PL AF Rupasinghe, H. P. Vasantha Huber, Gwendolyn M. Embree, Charles Forsline, Philip L. TI Red-fleshed apple as a source for functional beverages SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Red-fleshed apple; Malus species; antioxidants; cyanidin-3-O-galactoside; Folin-Ciocalteu; FRAP; ORAC; functional beverage ID TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; POLYPHENOLS; JUICE; VEGETABLES; CULTIVARS; PHENOLICS; FRUITS; ASSAY AB Rupasinghe. H. P. V., Huber, G. M., Embree, C. and Forsline, P. L. 2010. Red-fleshed apple as a source for functional beverages. Can. J. Plant Sci. 90: 95-100. The potential of anthocyanin pigments in fruits and vegetables to provide protection against oxidative damage is well known. Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside is a naturally occurring red pigment commonly found in skin of apples but also present in flesh of certain crab apple and apple genotypes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cyanidin-3-O-galactoside concentration and antioxidant capacity of juice made from 14 genotypes of red-fleshed apples in comparison to three white-fleshed apple cultivars and three commercial apple juices. Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside was found only in the juice made from red-fleshed apple genotypes with the highest concentrations (39 mg L(-1)) in a crab apple Roberts Crab. The antioxidant capacity measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays were the greatest in juice prepared from the red-fleshed genotypes Babine and Malus pumila Niedzwetzkyana, a red-fleshed crab apple genotype. The antioxidant capacity measures were strongly correlated with each other; however, there was no correlation between the concentration of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside and the antioxidant capacity measures. The juice quality parameters degrees Brix and titratable acidity values were not significantly different among the juices made from the redfleshed apples, commercial apples and commercial apple juice products. C1 [Rupasinghe, H. P. Vasantha; Huber, Gwendolyn M.] Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Dept Environm Sci, Tree Fruit Bioprod Res Program, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. [Embree, Charles] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Hort Res Ctr, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. [Forsline, Philip L.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Rupasinghe, HPV (reprint author), Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Dept Environm Sci, Tree Fruit Bioprod Res Program, POB 550, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. EM vrupasinghe@nsac.ca FU Advancing Canadian Agriculture and Agri-Food (ACAAF) program of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Atlantic Canada Opportunity Agency (ACOA); Nova Scotia Fruit Growers' Association FX This research was funded by the Advancing Canadian Agriculture and Agri-Food (ACAAF) program of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Atlantic Innovation Funds of Atlantic Canada Opportunity Agency (ACOA) and the Nova Scotia Fruit Growers' Association. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 90 IS 1 BP 95 EP 100 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 554QN UT WOS:000274449600011 ER PT J AU White, SN O'Rourke, KI Gidlewski, T VerCauteren, KC Mousel, MR Phillips, GE Spraker, TR AF White, Stephen N. O'Rourke, Katherine I. Gidlewski, Thomas VerCauteren, Kurt C. Mousel, Michelle R. Phillips, Gregory E. Spraker, Terry R. TI Increased risk of chronic wasting disease in Rocky Mountain elk associated with decreased magnesium and increased manganese in brain tissue SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; PRION DISEASE; PRP GENOTYPES; SCRAPIE; PROTEIN; METALS; BLOOD AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of Rocky Mountain elk in North America. Recent studies suggest that tissue and blood mineral levels may be valuable in assessing TSE infection in sheep and cattle. The objectives of this study were to examine baseline levels of copper, manganese, magnesium, zinc, selenium, and molybdenum in the brains of Rocky Mountain elk with differing prion genotypes and to assess the association of mineral levels with CWD infection. Elk with leucine at prion position 132 had significantly lower magnesium levels than elk with 2 copies of methionine. Chronic wasting disease-positive elk had significantly lower magnesium than control elk. The incorporation of manganese levels in addition to magnesium significantly refined explanatory ability, even though manganese alone was not significantly associated with CWD. This study demonstrated that mineral analysis may provide an additional disease correlate for assessing CWD risk, particularly in conjunction with genotype. C1 [White, Stephen N.; O'Rourke, Katherine I.] ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Unit, Pullman, WA USA. [White, Stephen N.; O'Rourke, Katherine I.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Gidlewski, Thomas] USDA APHIS, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. [VerCauteren, Kurt C.; Phillips, Gregory E.] USDA APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Mousel, Michelle R.] ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. [Spraker, Terry R.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP White, SN (reprint author), Anim Dis Res Unit, POB 646630, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM swhite@vetmed.wsu.edu OI White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054; Mousel, Michelle/0000-0003-1367-7005 FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [5348-32000-026-00D]; College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University; [58-5348-2-678]; [CSREES 2003-51140-02126] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Codie Hanke for technical assistance, Cathy Bedwell for mineral analysis, veterinarians and technicians with the USDA Animal Plant Health Inspection Service and the state of Colorado for epidemiology and tissue collection, and Jennifer Swenson and Elaine Anderson for meticulous record keeping. Supported by grants from the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service 5348-32000-026-00D, Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-5348-2-678, CSREES 2003-51140-02126, and the College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 50 EP 53 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 699GG UT WOS:000285651300009 PM 20357959 ER PT J AU Yan, L Spitznagel, EL Bosland, MC AF Yan, Lin Spitznagel, Edward L. Bosland, Maarten C. TI Soy Consumption and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Humans: A Meta-Analysis SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DIETARY SOY; COLON-CANCER; CELL-PROLIFERATION; UNITED-STATES; RAT COLON; JAPAN; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; TUMORIGENESIS AB The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between soy consumption and colorectal cancer risk in humans by conducting a meta-analysis of available epidemiologic studies. We systematically reviewed publications obtained through a Medline literature search and identified four cohort and seven case-control studies on soy and colorectal cancer risk that met the inclusion criteria. We extracted the risk estimate (hazard ratio, relative risk, or odds ratio) of the highest and the lowest reported categories of intake from each study and conducted this analysis using a random-effects model. Our analysis did not find that soy consumption was associated with colorectal cancer risk [combined risk estimate, 0.90; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.79-1.03] nor did the separate analyses on colon cancer (combined risk estimate, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.74-1.06) and rectal cancer (combined risk estimate, 0.88; 95% Cl, 0.67-1.14). However, when separately analyzed on the basis of gender, we found that soy was associated with an approximately 21% reduction in colorectal cancer risk in women (combined risk estimate, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65-0.97; P = 0.026), but not in men (combined risk estimate, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.90-1.33). Thus, consumption of soy foods may be associated with a reduction in colorectal cancer risk in women, but not in men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(1); 148-58. (C)2010 AACR. C1 [Yan, Lin] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Spitznagel, Edward L.] Washington Univ, Dept Math, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Bosland, Maarten C.] Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Yan, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM lin.yan@ars.usda.gov OI yan, lin/0000-0003-3646-6374 FU USDA ARS [5450-51000-036-00D] FX USDA ARS research project 5450-51000-036-00D. NR 47 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1 BP 148 EP 158 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0856 PG 11 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 543OA UT WOS:000273586700018 PM 20056634 ER PT B AU Mein, JR Wang, XD AF Mein, Jonathan R. Wang, Xiang-Dong BE Landrum, JT TI Oxidative Metabolites of Lycopene and Their Biological Functions SO CAROTENOIDS: PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS AND PROPERTIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GAP JUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION; PROSTATE-CANCER CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; FACTOR-BINDING PROTEIN-3; SMOKE-EXPOSED FERRETS; BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-A; BETA,BETA-CAROTENE 15,15'-MONOOXYGENASE C1 [Mein, Jonathan R.; Wang, Xiang-Dong] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mein, JR (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 123 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-5231-2; 978-1-4200-5230-5 PY 2010 BP 417 EP 435 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA BC7QN UT WOS:000355146600021 ER PT S AU Sampedro, F Fan, X Rodrigo, D AF Sampedro, F. Fan, X. Rodrigo, D. BE Doona, CJ Kustin, K Feeherry, FE TI High hydrostatic pressure processing of fruit juices and smoothies: research and commercial application SO CASE STUDIES IN NOVEL FOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES: INNOVATIONS IN PROCESSING, PACKAGING, AND PREDICTIVE MODELLING SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE fruit juices; smoothies; high hydrostatic pressure; microbial safety; food quality; enzymes; bioactive compounds; consumer attitudes; commercial application ID PULSED ELECTRIC-FIELDS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PECTIN METHYL ESTERASE; ORANGE JUICE; APPLE JUICE; ALICYCLOBACILLUS-ACIDOTERRESTRIS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; INACTIVATION KINETICS; VITAMIN-C; REFRIGERATED STORAGE AB Several world-wide health organizations have pointed out the importance of increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables in the diet. Consumers are also increasing the demand for more convenient, nutritious, fresh and price-reasonable products. Although thermal pasteurization has been the processing technology of choice to preserve fruit juices, the thermal process damages the nutritional and sensory properties of products. As a result of scientific studies demonstrating the benefits of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) technology and the advances in the design of process equipment, high quality fruit juices and related products treated by HHP are appearing in food markets around the world. C1 [Sampedro, F.; Fan, X.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Rodrigo, D.] CSIC, Inst AgroChem & Food Technol, Valencia 46100, Spain. RP Fan, X (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM confsp@iata.csic.es; xuetong.fan@ars.usda.gov; lolesra@iata.csic.es OI Rodrigo, Dolores/0000-0001-9854-111X NR 92 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-84569-551-4 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2010 IS 197 BP 34 EP 72 DI 10.1533/9780857090713.1.34 D2 10.1533/9780857090713 PG 39 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BVB49 UT WOS:000290957900004 ER PT S AU Pan, Z Atungulu, GG AF Pan, Z. Atungulu, G. G. BE Doona, CJ Kustin, K Feeherry, FE TI The potential of novel infrared food processing technologies: case studies of those developed at the USDA-ARS Western Region Research Center and the University of California-Davis SO CASE STUDIES IN NOVEL FOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES: INNOVATIONS IN PROCESSING, PACKAGING, AND PREDICTIVE MODELLING SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE infrared heating; food processing; drying; blanching; pasteurization; safety; roasting; peeling; emerging technologies; commercialization ID MILLING QUALITY; RADIATION; DEHYDRATION; STRAWBERRIES; SLICES; POTATO; AIR; TEMPERATURE; MICROWAVE; TRANSPORT AB Infrared (IR) radiation heating has been considered as an alternative to current food and agricultural processing methods for improving product quality and safety, increasing energy and processing efficiency, and reducing water and chemical usage. As part of the electromagnetic spectrum, IR has the capacity to provide high heating and heat transfer rates. This chapter reports several IR-based processing technologies that have recently been developed to take advantages of IR for the blanching and dehydration of fruits and vegetables, roasting and pasteurization of almonds, disinfestation and drying of rice, and peeling of tomatoes. The development and commercialization of IR-based food processing technologies could open new avenues to delivering safe and value-added foods desirable to consumers, while reducing the consumption of natural resources during processing. C1 [Pan, Z.; Atungulu, G. G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Pan, Z (reprint author), USDA ARS, Processed Foods Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Zhongli.pan@ars.usda.gov; ggatungulu@ucdavis.edu NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-84569-551-4 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2010 IS 197 BP 139 EP 208 DI 10.1533/9780857090713.2.139 D2 10.1533/9780857090713 PG 70 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BVB49 UT WOS:000290957900008 ER PT S AU Niemira, BA AF Niemira, B. A. BE Doona, CJ Kustin, K Feeherry, FE TI Novel technologies for the decontamination of fresh and minimally processed fruits and vegetables SO CASE STUDIES IN NOVEL FOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES: INNOVATIONS IN PROCESSING, PACKAGING, AND PREDICTIVE MODELLING SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE cold plasma; ozone; chlorine dioxide; gas phase; bacteriophage ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; CHLORINE DIOXIDE GAS; ACIDIC ELECTROLYZED WATER; CAPSICUM-ANNUUM L.; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; HOT-WATER; INACTIVATION KINETICS; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; APPLE SURFACES AB The complex challenges of ensuring food safety and quality that producers and processors of fresh produce face require them to seek creative applications of conventional treatments and innovative approaches to develop entirely novel treatments. The variable nature of fresh and fresh-cut produce necessitates developing treatments that are adapted and optimized for each kind of commodity, ranging from leafy greens to whole fruits to processed products. This chapter will examine the state of development and commercialization of a range of novel technologies. These will include advanced aqueous-phase and gas-phase chemical treatments, precision thermal treatments, cold plasma systems, and biological control treatments. The chapter will conclude with a summary of current trends and future prospects for how the industry is working to meet goals for produce safety, quality and integrity for consumers. C1 ARS, Produce Safety Res Project, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Niemira, BA (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety Res Project, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Brendan.Niemira@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-84569-551-4 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2010 IS 197 BP 283 EP 300 DI 10.1533/9780857090713.2.283 D2 10.1533/9780857090713 PG 18 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BVB49 UT WOS:000290957900012 ER PT S AU Fan, X AF Fan, X. BE Doona, CJ Kustin, K Feeherry, FE TI Irradiation of fresh fruits and vegetables: principles and considerations for further commercialization SO CASE STUDIES IN NOVEL FOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES: INNOVATIONS IN PROCESSING, PACKAGING, AND PREDICTIVE MODELLING SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE irradiation; fruits; vegetables; quality; microbial safety ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; IONIZING-RADIATION; FOOD IRRADIATION; CHLORINATION; QUALITY AB This chapter describes the current status on irradiation of fresh fruits and vegetables. Major applications of irradiation around the world include disinfestation of fresh fruits to eliminate pests and reduction of tuber crop losses by inhibiting sprouting. In recent years, a number of irradiated tropical fruits have been shipped and distributed in the United States (US) market, however, there is little application of irradiation for fresh vegetables in the US. Considerations and challenges for the commercialization of this technology in the US are discussed, with topics covered including the types of irradiation, dose mapping, microbial safety and quality of irradiated produce, consumer acceptance, labeling requirements, regulatory approval, packaging materials, and logistics. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, X (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xuetong.fan@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-84569-551-4 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2010 IS 197 BP 427 EP 441 DI 10.1533/9780857090713.4.427 D2 10.1533/9780857090713 PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BVB49 UT WOS:000290957900019 ER PT J AU Phillips, KA Ruggio, DM Ashraf-Khorassani, M Eitenmiller, RR Cho, S Lemar, LE Perry, CR Pehrsson, PR Holden, JM AF Phillips, Katherine A. Ruggio, David M. Ashraf-Khorassani, Mehdi Eitenmiller, Ronald R. Cho, Sungeun Lemar, Linda E. Perry, Charles R. Pehrsson, Pamela R. Holden, Joanne M. TI Folic Acid Content of Ready-to-Eat Cereals Determined by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Comparison to Product Label and to Values Determined by Microbiological Assay SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPE DILUTION ASSAYS; TOTAL FOLATE; TRIENZYME EXTRACTION; GRAIN PRODUCTS; FOOD FOLATE; FORTIFICATION; DISEASE; HEALTH AB Twelve popular ready-to-eat breakfast cereals fortified with folic acid were sampled in the United States in 2006, and the data have been incorporated into the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Cereals were collected from three statistically selected retail outlets in each of four primary census regions, and four composites of each product were prepared using random groupings of three locations each. Folic acid was determined using a validated LC-MS method, with (13)C-folic acid as an internal standard, after trienzyme treatment and solid phase extraction. A cereal reference material (AACC VMA399) was analyzed as a control. Selected samples were also assayed using the standard micro-biological method, with and without trienzyme extraction, to generate an estimate of endogenous folate. On average, as shown on the label, folate content was underestimated. In seven cereals, folate was within 5% of the declared value, in four cereals, it was 5-20% higher; and in two cereals, it was >20% greater, representing -75 to +69 mu g/serving (mean 17) of the label value, equivalent to -19% to +17% of the 400 mu g/daily value. The microbiologically determined folic acid was higher than LC-MS by 10-67% (mean 40%). Therefore, use of label values might underestimate folate intake from some breakfast cereals. C1 [Phillips, Katherine A.; Ruggio, David M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Biochem Dept 0308, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ashraf-Khorassani, Mehdi] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Eitenmiller, Ronald R.; Cho, Sungeun] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lemar, Linda E.; Perry, Charles R.; Pehrsson, Pamela R.; Holden, Joanne M.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Phillips, KA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Biochem Dept 0308, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM kmpvpi@vt.edu OI Phillips, Katherine/0000-0002-4586-8538 FU USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory as part of the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program [Y1-HV-8116-11]; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Nutrient Data Laboratory and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [1235-52000-051-16]; National Institutes of Health [Y1-HV-8116]; National Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute; USDA FX Funding was provided by the USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory as part of the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program, through specific cooperative agreement #Y1-HV-8116-11 between the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Nutrient Data Laboratory and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and #1235-52000-051-16 between the USDA and the University of Georgia, with support from the National Institutes of Health through interagency agreement #Y1-HV-8116 between the National Institutes of Health, under coordination of the National Cancer Institute, and the USDA. The detailed work of Amy Rasor and Nancy Conley on coordination of sample preparation and sample descriptive information is greatly appreciated. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 87 IS 1 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-87-1-0042 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 548GL UT WOS:000273948000006 ER PT J AU Ong, YL Ross, AS Engle, DA AF Ong, Y. L. Ross, A. S. Engle, D. A. TI Glutenin Macropolymer in Salted and Alkaline Noodle Doughs SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WHEAT-FLOUR DOUGH; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; WATER-ABSORPTION; PARTICLES; COLOR; GMP AB An attempt was made to understand the physicochemical attributes that are the basis of physical differences between alkaline and salted noodle doughs. Hour and dough properties of one soft and three hard-grained wheat cultivars were observed. Doughs were made with either sodium chloride or sodium carbonate. Each formulation variant was tested at both high and low water additions. Samples for glutenin macropolymer (GMP) isolation were taken at selected noodle dough processing stages. When a 1.67% w/v Na(2)CO(3) solution was used for mixograph testing, dough characteristics were radically altered and differences between cultivars were masked. In lubricated squeezing flow (LSF) testing, hard wheat noodle doughs had significantly (P < 0.01) longer relaxation times and higher % residual force values than soft wheat doughs in both the salted and alkaline variants. LSF maximum force and biaxial viscosity were significantly higher in alkaline doughs than salted. GMP extracted from alkaline doughs was gummy and sticky, and was more opaque than GMP from salted doughs. GMP weight decreased sequentially when extracted from samples taken in the active phase (mix, compound, sheet) of noodle dough processing and decreased more in alkaline doughs. GMP weight increased more after 24 hr of dough rest in salted doughs. GMP gel strength was noticeably higher in GMP extracted from alkaline doughs. After dough resting, alkaline GMP gel strength significantly increased, whereas it decreased in GMP from salted doughs, suggesting a role for GMP in the increased stiffness of alkaline noodle doughs. C1 [Ong, Y. L.; Ross, A. S.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Engle, D. A.] USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ross, AS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM andrew.ross@oregonstate.edu RI Ross, Andrew/C-7488-2013 OI Ross, Andrew/0000-0003-1509-9106 FU Oregon Wheat Commission FX We thank Craig F. Morris of the USDA Western Wheat Quality Laboratory for his contribution to the analytical data on the flour samples, and also thank the participants of the United States Pacific Northwest Wheat Quality Council for their generosity in allowing the use of their samples for this research. The work was funded in part by the Oregon Wheat Commission. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 87 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-87-1-0079 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 548GL UT WOS:000273948000011 ER PT J AU Delcour, JA Hoseney, RC AF Delcour, Jan A. Hoseney, R. Carl TI Principles of Cereal Science and Technology Authors Provide Insight into the Current State of Cereal Processing SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Delcour, Jan A.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Food Chem Course, Louvain, Belgium. [Delcour, Jan A.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Cereal Sci & Technol Course, Louvain, Belgium. [Hoseney, R. Carl] ARS, USDA, Sacramento, CA USA. [Hoseney, R. Carl] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Delcour, JA (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Food Chem Course, Louvain, Belgium. EM jan.delcour@biw.kuleuven.be; r_and_r@kansas.net RI Delcour, Jan/A-7636-2013; OI delcour, jan/0000-0003-2954-1022 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 36 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 BP 21 EP 22 DI 10.1094/CFW-55-1-0021 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 544ZX UT WOS:000273701900006 ER PT S AU Delwiche, SR AF Delwiche, S. R. BE Wrigley, CW Batey, IL TI Analysis of grain quality at receival SO CEREAL GRAINS: ASSESSING AND MANAGING QUALITY SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE receival; country elevator; inspection; grade; class; contaminants; defects; sampling ID DIGITAL IMAGE-ANALYSIS; X-RAY INSPECTION; ELECTRONIC NOSE; MACHINE VISION; WHEAT-GRAIN; COLOR ANALYSIS; CEREAL-GRAINS; CLASSIFICATION; DISCRIMINATION; KERNELS AB The major cereal grains - wheat, maize, and rice - undergo a series of stages between harvest and the food- or feed-processing plant, involving storage, overland transport, terminal storage and overseas shipment. At each transfer point, a document accompanies a grain consignment that pertains to its quality (class, purity, sanitation, and grade). Even at the first point of sale, known as receival, grain quality is viewed in terms of its export value. Each of the major grain exporting countries (Argentina, Australia, Canada, the European Union, and the United States) has developed quality standards. This chapter addresses these quality standards in the context of how a cereal lot is assessed at receival. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Qual Lab, Bldg 303 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM stephen.delwiche@ars.usda.gov NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-84569-563-7 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2010 IS 190 BP 267 EP 310 DI 10.1533/9781845699529.3.267 D2 10.1533/9781845699529 PG 44 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BRS70 UT WOS:000283544300012 ER PT J AU Lizotte, RE Knight, SS Bryant, CT AF Lizotte, Richard E., Jr. Knight, Scott S. Bryant, Charles T. TI Sediment quality assessment of Beasley Lake: bioaccumulation and effects of pesticides in Hyalella azteca SO CHEMISTRY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; land management; pesticides; Hyalella azteca tissue pesticide residues ID LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; FRESH-WATER AMPHIPODS; DELTA OXBOW LAKES; LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN; BODY RESIDUES; TOXICITY; CONTAMINATION; MICROCOSMS; SURVIVAL; ATRAZINE AB Beasley Lake is a Conservation Effects Assessment Program (CEAP) watershed in the intensively cultivated Mississippi Delta, USA. Lake sediment quality at three sites was evaluated in 2004 and 2008 for biological impairment and uptake (animal tissue pesticide residues) from 14 pesticides and three metabolites using Hyalella azteca (Saussure). Eleven pesticides and three metabolites were detected in sediment among the three sites in 2004 and all 17 compounds examined were detected among the three sites in 2008, with the herbicide atrazine having the greatest concentrations. Twenty-eight-day H. azteca survival and growth (mg w/w) indicated no survival effects at any site for either year, but growth impairment occurred in H. azteca exposed to sediments in 2004, whereas growth enhancement occurred in H. azteca exposed to sediments at one site in 2008. Pesticides observed in animal tissue pesticide residues occurred more frequently and in greater concentrations in 2004 compared with 2008. Thirteen pesticides were detected in animal tissue pesticide residues in 2004, with chlorpyrifos occurring in the greatest concentrations, and six pesticides were detected in 2008, with p,p'-DDT occurring in the greatest concentrations. H. azteca tissue pesticide residues of seven pesticides, two herbicides, three insecticides, one insecticide metabolite, and p,p'-DDT, were associated with growth. C1 [Lizotte, Richard E., Jr.; Knight, Scott S.; Bryant, Charles T.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. RP Lizotte, RE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. EM richard.lizotte@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0275-7540 J9 CHEM ECOL JI Chem. Ecol. PY 2010 VL 26 IS 6 BP 411 EP 424 AR PII 930670625 DI 10.1080/02757540.2010.522997 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 689UA UT WOS:000284954000002 ER PT J AU Friedman, M AF Friedman, Mendel TI Origin, Microbiology, Nutrition, and Pharmacology of D-Amino Acids SO CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY LA English DT Review ID D-ASPARTIC ACID; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SERINE-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY; METHIONINE-CONTAINING SOLUTION; CISPLATIN-INDUCED OTOTOXICITY; PROTEIN-BOUND LYSINOALANINE; PISUM-SATIVUM SEEDLINGS; ALKALI-TREATED PROTEINS; HEPATOMA-BEARING RATS; ALANYL-D-ALANINE AB Exposure of food proteins to certain processing conditions induces two major chemical changes: racemization of all L-amino acids (LAAs) to D-amino acids (DAAs) and concurrent formation of crosslinked amino acids such as lysinoalanine (LAL). The diet contains both processing-induced and naturally-formed DAA. The latter include those found in microorganisms, plants, and marine invertebrates. Racemization impairs digestibility and nutritional quality. Racemization of LAA residues to their D-isomers in food and other proteins is pH-. time-, and temperature-dependent. Although racemization rates of LAA residues in a protein vary, relative rates in different proteins are similar. The nutritional utilization of different DAAs varies widely in animals and humans. Some DAAs may exert both adverse and beneficial biological effects. Thus. although D-Phe is utilized as a nutritional source of L-Phe, high concentrations of D-Tyr in such diets inhibit the growth of mice. Both D-Ser and LAL induce histological changes in the rat kidney. The wide variation in the utilization of DAAs is illustrated by the fact that, whereas D-Meth is largely utilized as a nutritional source of the L-isomer, D-Lys is not. Similarly, although L-CysSH has a sparing effect on L-Meth when fed to mice. D-CysSH does not. Since DAAs are consumed as part of their normal diet, a need exists to develop a better understanding of their roles in foods, microbiology, nutrition, and medicine. To contribute to this effort, this overview surveys our present knowledge of the chemistry, nutrition, safety, microbiology, and pharmacology of DAAs. Also covered are the origin and distribution of DAAs in food and possible roles of DAAs in human physiology, aging, and the etiology and therapy of human diseases. C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Mendel.Friedman@ars.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 264 TC 67 Z9 75 U1 7 U2 77 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1612-1872 J9 CHEM BIODIVERS JI Chem. Biodivers. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1491 EP 1530 PG 40 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 643PN UT WOS:000281310800019 PM 20564567 ER PT J AU Cantrell, CL Pridgeon, JW Fronczek, FR Becnel, JJ AF Cantrell, Charles L. Pridgeon, Julia W. Fronczek, Frank R. Becnel, James J. TI Structure - Activity Relationship Studies on Derivatives of Eudesmanolides from Inula helenium as Toxicants against Aedes aegypti Larvae and Adults SO CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; IN-FIELD POPULATIONS; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; TRANSMISSION; DENGUE; MOSQUITOS; THAILAND; OUTBREAK; BRAZIL AB An Aedes aegypti larval toxicity bioassay was performed on compounds representing many classes of natural compounds including polyacetylenes, phytosterols, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, and triterpe-noids. Among these compounds, two eudesmanolides, alantolactone, and isoalantolactone showed larvicidal activities against Ae. aegypti and, therefore, were chosen for further structure activity relationship study. In this study, structural modifications were performed on both alantolactone and isoalantolactone in an effort to understand the functional groups necessary for maintaining and/or increasing its activity, and to possibly lead to more effective insect-control agents. All parent compounds and synthetic modification reaction products were evaluated for their toxic activities against Ae. aegypti larvae and adults. Structure modifications included epoxidations, reductions, catalytic hydrogenations, and Michael additions to the alpha,beta-unsaturated lactones. None of the synthetic isomers synthesized and screened against Ae. aegypti larvae were more active than isoalantolactone itself which had an LC(50) value of 10.0 mu g/ml. This was not the case for analogs of alantolactone for which many of the analogs had larvicidal activities ranging from 12.4 to 69.9 mu g/ml. In general, activity trends observed from Ae. aegypti larval screening were not consistent with observations from adulticidal screening. The propylamine Michael addition analog of alantolactone was the most active adulticide synthesized with an LC(50) value of 1.07 mu g/mosquito. In addition, the crystal structures of both alantolactone and isoalantolactone were determined using CuK(a) radiation, which allowed their absolute configurations to be determined based on resonant scattering of the light atoms. C1 [Cantrell, Charles L.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Pridgeon, Julia W.; Becnel, James J.] USDA ARS, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Fronczek, Frank R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Cantrell, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM charles.cantrell@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board FX The authors thank Amber Reichley, Solomon Green III, and Willian Reid for technical assistance. This study was supported, in part, by Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program Grant funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1612-1872 J9 CHEM BIODIVERS JI Chem. Biodivers. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 7 BP 1681 EP 1697 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 634VF UT WOS:000280613000001 PM 20658657 ER PT J AU Wang, HZ Xu, JM Yates, SR Zhang, JB Gan, J Ma, JC Wu, JJ Xuan, RC AF Wang, Haizhen Xu, Jianming Yates, Scott R. Zhang, Jiabao Gan, Jay Ma, Jincai Wu, Jianjun Xuan, Richeng TI Mineralization of metsulfuron-methyl in Chinese paddy soils SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE C-14-metsulfuron-methyl; Mineralization; Soil pH; Soil moisture; Soil temperature ID SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES; THIFENSULFURON-METHYL; BOUND RESIDUES; MOISTURE; C-14-METSULFURON-METHYL AB A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the mineralization of metsulfuron-methyl (MSM) in paddy soils in response to soil moisture, temperature and soil properties. The results indicated that MSM mineralization was relatively limited in the paddy soils when soil temperature was low. Only 2.2-6.0% of the applied C-14 mineralized after 84 d of incubation at 15 degrees C. The mineralization of MSM was enhanced by increasing soil moisture and soil temperature. Soil moisture would have different impact on the response of MSM mineralization to variation in soil temperature. An increase of 10 degrees C accelerated the average rate of MSM mineralization by 2.3 times at 50% water-holding capacity (WHC) and 1.9 times at 40% WHC. Regression analysis showed that soil pH, organic carbon contents, microbial biomass carbon contents, and silt/clay fractions were the dominant factors affecting MSM mineralization, with pH as the most important factor. The relatively slow mineralization rate of MSM suggested long persistence of this herbicide in soil, thus increasing its potential ecological risk, especially when applied in alkaline soils and in cold areas. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Haizhen; Xu, Jianming; Wu, Jianjun] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Soil & Water Resources & Environm Sci, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Wang, Haizhen; Xu, Jianming; Wu, Jianjun] Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Subtrop Soil & Plant Nutr, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Wang, Haizhen; Yates, Scott R.; Ma, Jincai; Xuan, Richeng] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Wang, Haizhen; Yates, Scott R.; Gan, Jay; Ma, Jincai; Xuan, Richeng] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Zhang, Jiabao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agr, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. RP Xu, JM (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Inst Soil & Water Resources & Environm Sci, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM jmxu@zju.edu.cn; Scott.Yates@ars.usda.gov RI Ma, Jincai/D-1290-2013; Xu, Jianming/C-8752-2016 OI Ma, Jincai/0000-0002-0792-0251; FU National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguish Young Scholars of China [40425007]; National Basic Research Program of China [2005CB121104]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40701075, 40671092]; Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province [2006C12027] FX This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguish Young Scholars of China (No. 40425007), the National Basic Research Program of China (2005CB121104), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40701075 and 40671092), and Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province (2006C12027). We thank Prof. Qingfu Ye and his group at Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Science, Zhejiang University, for help with radioactivity analyses. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2010 VL 78 IS 3 BP 335 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.10.023 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 551QA UT WOS:000274222900018 PM 19906402 ER PT B AU Lohmar, B Gale, F Tuan, F Hansen, J AF Lohmar, Bryan Gale, Fred Tuan, Francis Hansen, Jim BE Jeffries, RH TI CHINA'S ONGOING AGRICULTURAL MODERNIZATION: CHALLENGES REMAIN AFTER 30 YEARS OF REFORM SO CHINAS AGRICULTURAL MODERNIZATION SE China in the 21st Century LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE China; economic reform; economic development; agricultural production; agricultural trade ID TENURE; PRODUCTIVITY; INVESTMENT; RIGHTS; WATER AB Thirty years ago, China began implementing a series of reforms to improve efficiency in agricultural production. These, and subsequent, reforms reshaped China's position in the world economy. China's rapid economic development and transformation from a planned to a market-oriented economy, however, has reached a stage where further efficiency gains in agricultural production will likely hinge on the development of modern market-supporting institutions. The development of market-supporting institutions in China will bring about long-term and sustainable benefits to producers and consumers in China and the global agricultural economy. This report provides an overview of current issues in China's agricultural development, policy responses to these issues, and the effects of these policies on China's growing role in international markets. C1 [Lohmar, Bryan; Gale, Fred; Tuan, Francis; Hansen, Jim] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Lohmar, B (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-088-6 J9 CHINA 21ST CENTURY PY 2010 BP 1 EP 68 PG 68 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BPD14 UT WOS:000278552300001 ER PT B AU Gale, F Huang, K AF Gale, Fred Huang, Kuo BE Jeffries, RH TI DEMAND FOR FOOD QUANTITY AND QUALITY IN CHINA SO CHINAS AGRICULTURAL MODERNIZATION SE China in the 21st Century LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE China; food; consumption; demand; income; elasticities; Engel curve; households; rural; urban ID CONSUMPTION; INCOME AB As their incomes rise, Chinese consumers are changing their diets and demanding greater quality, convenience, and safety in food. Food expenditures grow faster than quantities purchased as income rises, suggesting that consumers with higher incomes purchase more expensive foods. The top-earning Chinese households appear to have reached a point where the income elasticity of demand for quantity of most foods is near zero. China's food market is becoming segmented. The demand for quality by high-income households has fueled recent growth in modern food retail and sales of premium-priced food and beverage products. Food expenditures and incomes have grown much more slowly for rural and low-income urban households. C1 [Gale, Fred; Huang, Kuo] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Gale, F (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-088-6 J9 CHINA 21ST CENTURY PY 2010 BP 69 EP 115 PG 47 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BPD14 UT WOS:000278552300002 ER PT B AU Gale, F Collender, R AF Gale, Fred Collender, Robert BE Jeffries, RH TI NEW DIRECTIONS IN CHINA'S AGRICULTURAL LENDING SO CHINAS AGRICULTURAL MODERNIZATION SE China in the 21st Century LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE China; agricultural; loans; rural; finance; banks; credit cooperatives; credit; investment; policy; farms; farmers; micro loans; ERS; USDA AB China has substantially boosted lending to farmers and agribusinesses in recent years. The balance of loans to farmers doubled bestween 2001 and 2005. Loans for agribusinesses and rural infrastructure rose as well. Rural credit cooperatives and banks that lend to agriculture are being reformed and commercialized but agricultural lending is still largely policy-driven. The boost in farm lending is one of several policy initiatives to aid farmers. Chinese agriculture remains dominated by extremely small farms using little physical capital, but rising investment is helping the sector diversify and is improving the quality and safety of agricultural produce. The campaign to inject capital into rural China is enabled by an abundant supply of domestic savings and large inflows of foreign investment. The agricultural lending campaign is likely to continue as long as China's economy continues growing. C1 [Gale, Fred; Collender, Robert] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Gale, F (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-088-6 J9 CHINA 21ST CENTURY PY 2010 BP 117 EP 140 PG 24 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BPD14 UT WOS:000278552300003 ER PT S AU Ruhlman, TA Cary, JW Rajasekaran, K AF Ruhlman, Tracey A. Cary, Jeffrey W. Rajasekaran, Kanniah BE Rebeiz, CA Benning, C Bohnert, HJ Daniell, H Hoober, JK Lichtenthaler, HK Portis, AR Tripathy, BC TI The Plastid Genome as a Platform for the Expression of Microbial Resistance Genes SO CHLOROPLAST: BASICS AND APPLICATIONS SE Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE aflatoxin; antimicrobial proteins; Aspergillus flavus; chloroperoxidase; cotton, transgenic; disease resistance; drought tolerance ID PSBA MESSENGER-RNA; STABLE CHLOROPLAST TRANSFORMATION; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; COLI BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE AB Stagnation in absolute yield increases of major food and fiber crops around the world is raising awareness that breeding for quantitative yield characteristics will most likely be insufficient to meet the needs of the burgeoning global population. Additionally the attractive agronomic characteristics of high absolute yield and disease resistance have been challenging to stack into new cultivars by classical breeding. Losses incurred along the production-consumption continuum are not considered in evaluations of yield stability. Reports from the Food and Agriculture Organization indicate that up to 25% of all food productivity is lost due to post-harvest variables including pre-harvest infestations which result in accumulation of toxic metabolites in storage Annual losses caused by mycotoxigenic fungi, such as members of the genus Aspergillus, can potentially reach up to a billion dollars due to market rejection and animal health impacts. A flatoxin B-1, the most prevalent of the toxins produced by a number of Aspergillus and Emericella species, is classified as a class 1 carcinogen. Around the globe effective management programs for the detection and elimination of aflatoxins presents a major challenge. Much attention has been focused on implementing strategies to prevent pre-harvest infestation by Aspergillus flavus, the major source of aflatoxin contamination in food and feed crops. Genetic improvement of susceptible crop species may enhance resistance to microbial pathogens and facilitate reduced pesticide load, yet the possibility for transmission of novel genes to wild relatives has hampered acceptance of GM crops in some markets. Chloroplast transformation presents an attractive alternative to nuclear transformation and offers the potential to ameliorate this and other environmental concerns. Most agronomically important species exhibit maternal inheritance of organellar genomes eliminating the threat of transgene escape through pollen. Additionally, gene silencing is absent due to site directed, single copy insertion by homologous recombination. Foreign proteins can accumulate to high levels and are retained within the chloroplast envelope protecting them from degradation by host cytoplasmic proteases In this study, a bacterial chloroperoxidase gene (cpo-p) was transformed into the tobacco chloroplast genome to test its efficacy against several plant pathogens and Aspergillus flavus. C1 [Ruhlman, Tracey A.; Cary, Jeffrey W.; Rajasekaran, Kanniah] Agr Res Serv, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Rajasekaran, K (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 136 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-0233 BN 978-90-481-8530-6 J9 ADV PHOTOSYNTH RESP JI Adv. Photo. Respirat. PY 2010 VL 31 BP 245 EP 262 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8531-3 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA BQH20 UT WOS:000281002300017 ER PT J AU Mazzola, M AF Mazzola, Mark BE Reynolds, MP TI Management of Resident Soil Microbial Community Structure and Function to Suppress Soilborne Disease Development SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND CROP PRODUCTION SE CABI Climate Change Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NAPUS SEED MEAL; RHIZOCTONIA DAMPING-OFF; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS STRAINS; ORGANIC FARMING SYSTEMS; APPLE REPLANT DISEASE; ALL DECLINE SOILS; BLACK ROOT-ROT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FUSARIUM-WILT; TAKE-ALL AB Climate change is likely to alter the distribution and severity of soilborne diseases affecting both intensive and low-input agricultural production systems. Naturally occurring disease suppressive soils have been documented in a variety of cropping systems, and in many instances the biological attributes contributing to suppressiveness have been identified. While these studies have often yielded an understanding of operative mechanisms leading to the suppressive state, significant difficulty has been realized in the transfer of this knowledge into the development of effective field-level disease control practices. Early efforts focused on the inundative application of individual or mixtures of microbial strains recovered from these systems, and known to function in specific soil suppressiveness. However, the introduction of biological agents into non-native soil ecosystems typically fails to yield commercially viable or consistent levels of disease control. Of late, greater emphasis has been placed on manipulation of the cropping system to manage resident beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms as a means to suppress soilborne plant pathogens. One such strategy is the cropping of specific plant species or genotypes, or the application of soil amendments with the goal of selectively enhancing disease suppressive microbial communities. This chapter will briefly review the existence of biologically functional disease suppressive soils, document the research history supporting the potential in managing microbial communities for disease control, describe methods available for the effective manipulation of bioactive populations, and describe specific examples demonstrating the effective application of the approach. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mark.mazzola@ars.usda.gov NR 121 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 16 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-633-4 J9 CABI CLIM CHANGE SER PY 2010 VL 1 BP 200 EP 218 DI 10.1079/9781845936334.0200 D2 10.1079/9781845936334.0000 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BWO72 UT WOS:000294412900013 ER PT J AU Hodson, D White, J AF Hodson, David White, Jeffrey BE Reynolds, MP TI GIS and Crop Simulation Modelling Applications in Climate Change Research SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND CROP PRODUCTION SE CABI Climate Change Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELEVATED CO2; PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS; SYSTEMS SIMULATION; IMPACT ASSESSMENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FOOD; AFRICA; RESPONSES; SCENARIO AB The challenges that climate change presents to humanity require an unprecedented ability to predict the responses of crops to environment and management. Geographic information systems (GIS) and crop simulation models are two powerful and highly complementary tools that are increasingly used for such predictive analyses. The role of both technologies in predicting future situations centres around extrapolation. For GIS, extrapolation from the past based on correlation in a very loose sense plays an important role. For crop models, extrapolation based on how known processes respond to factors of interest (i.e. simulation) is a key factor. GIS and crop models can be integrated, providing predictions that combine the spatial perspective of GIS with the stronger representation of temporal processes of simulation models. This chapter reviews the use of these two tools for predicting impacts of climate change and examining options for adaptation. Increasingly, downscaled outputs from a range of global general circulation models under differing future scenarios are used as key inputs for both tools. Examples are given for major food crops and key agricultural zones, with a bias towards tropical and subtropical regions. Consideration is also given to factors limiting efficient application of the tools to climate change research. Both technologies will see increasing use in climate change research and in applications of research in decision making. Credible studies of crop responses to climate involve dealing with large sets of data and potentially millions of simulations, especially if adaptation is considered. While the computational challenges are daunting, the greater challenge is how to devise efficient protocols for selecting the most meaningful scenarios, interpreting the results and summarizing outputs for decision makers. C1 [Hodson, David] Food & Agr Org United Nations FAO, Cereal Rust Monitoring Program, Agr Plant Prod & Protect AGP Div, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [White, Jeffrey] USDA ARS, ALARC, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Hodson, D (reprint author), Food & Agr Org United Nations FAO, Cereal Rust Monitoring Program, Agr Plant Prod & Protect AGP Div, Viale Terme di Caracalla, I-00153 Rome, Italy. EM david.hodson@fao.org; jeffrey.white@ars.usda.gov NR 74 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-633-4 J9 CABI CLIM CHANGE SER PY 2010 VL 1 BP 245 EP 262 DI 10.1079/9781845936334.0245 D2 10.1079/9781845936334.0000 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BWO72 UT WOS:000294412900015 ER PT S AU White, JW Hoogenboom, G AF White, Jeffrey W. Hoogenboom, Gerrit BE Lobell, D Burke, M TI Crop Response to Climate: Ecophysiological Models SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOOD SECURITY: ADAPTING AGRICULTURE TO A WARMER WORLD SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CULTIVAR COEFFICIENTS; PERFORMANCE TRIALS; SIMULATION-MODELS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GENETIC COEFFICIENTS; AGRICULTURAL CROPS; ELEVATED CO2; GROWTH-MODEL; WHEAT; IMPACT AB To predict the possible impacts of global warming and increased CO(2) on agriculture, scientists use computer-based models that attempt to quantify the best-available knowledge on plant physiology, agronomy, soil science and meteorology in order to predict how a plant will grow under specific environmental conditions. The chapter reviews the basic features of crop models with emphasis on physiological responses to temperature and CO(2) and explains how models are used to predict potential impacts of climate change, including options for adaptation. The closing section reviews major issues affecting the reliability of model-based predictions. These include the need for accurate inputs, the challenges of improving the underlying physiological knowledge, and the need to improve representations of genetic variation that likely will affect adaptation to climate change. C1 [White, Jeffrey W.] USA, Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85224 USA. [Hoogenboom, Gerrit] Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP White, JW (reprint author), USA, Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85224 USA. EM jeffrey.white@ars.usda.gov; Gerrit@uga.edu NR 76 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-90-481-2951-5 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2010 VL 37 BP 59 EP 83 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2953-9_4 PG 25 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA BMQ42 UT WOS:000273346700004 ER PT S AU Ainsworth, EA McGrath, JM AF Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. McGrath, Justin M. BE Lobell, D Burke, M TI Direct Effects of Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Ozone on Crop Yields SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOOD SECURITY: ADAPTING AGRICULTURE TO A WARMER WORLD SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; SOURCE-SINK RELATIONS; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; ELEVATED CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; AGRICULTURAL CROPS AB Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO(2)]) in this century will alter crop yield quantity and quality. It is important to understand the magnitude of the expected changes and the mechanisms involved in crop responses to elevated [CO(2)] in order to adapt our food systems to the committed change in atmospheric [CO(2)] and to accurately model future food supply. Free-Air CO(2) Enrichment (FACE) allows for crops to be grown in their production environment, under fully open air conditions, at elevated [CO(2)] Current best estimates for the response of the staple crops wheat, soybean and rice from FACE experiments are that grain yield will increase by 13% at 550 ppm CO(2). For the C(4) species, sorghum and maize, grain yield is not expected to increase at elevated [CO(2)] if water supply is adequate. Grain quality is adversely affected by elevated [CO(2)]. On average, protein content decreases by 10-14% in non-leguminous grain crops and concentrations of minerals, such as iron and zinc decrease by 15-30%. While these represent our best estimate of changes in crop yield quantity and quality, most studies have been done in temperate regions, and do not account for possible interactions of rising [CO(2)] with other aspects of climate change, including increased temperature, drought stress and tropospheric ozone concentration. C1 [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; McGrath, Justin M.] ARS, USDA, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ainsworth, EA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Photosynth Res Unit, 147 Edward R Madigan Lab,1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM Lisa.Ainsworth@ars.usda.gov NR 118 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-90-481-2951-5 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2010 VL 37 BP 109 EP 130 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2953-9_7 PG 22 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA BMQ42 UT WOS:000273346700007 ER PT J AU Baker, B Diaz, H Hargrove, W Hoffman, F AF Baker, Barry Diaz, Henry Hargrove, William Hoffman, Forrest TI Use of the Koppen-Trewartha climate classification to evaluate climatic refugia in statistically derived ecoregions for the People's Republic of China SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID TIBETAN PLATEAU; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; LIFE ZONES; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; VEGETATION; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; SCENARIOS; GROWTH AB Changes in climate as projected by state-of-the-art climate models are likely to result in novel combinations of climate and topo-edaphic factors that will have substantial impacts on the distribution and persistence of natural vegetation and animal species. We have used multivariate techniques to quantify some of these changes; the method employed was the Multivariate Spatio-Temporal Clustering (MSTC) algorithm. We used the MSTC to quantitatively define ecoregions for the People's Republic of China for historical and projected future climates. Using the Koppen-Trewartha classification system we were able to quantify some of the temperature and precipitation relationships of the ecoregions. We then tested the hypothesis that impacts to environments will be lower for ecoregions that retain their approximate geographic locations. Our results showed that climate in 2050, as projected from anthropogenic forcings using the Hadley Centre HadCM3 general circulation model, were sufficient to create novel environmental conditions even where ecoregions remained spatially stable; cluster number was found to be of paramount importance in detecting novelty. Continental-scale analyses are generally able to locate potentially static ecoregions but they may be insufficient to define the position of those reserves at a grid cell-by-grid cell basis. C1 [Baker, Barry] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Diaz, Henry] NOAA ESRL CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hargrove, William] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Hoffman, Forrest] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Baker, B (reprint author), Nat Conservancy Canyonlands Res Ctr, 820 Kane Creek Blvd,POB 1329, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM Barry.Baker@Colostate.edu; Henry.F.Diaz@noaa.gov; hnw@geobabble.org; forrest@climatemodeling.org RI Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012 OI Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134 NR 61 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s10584-009-9622-2 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 532WS UT WOS:000272781700006 ER PT J AU Ceglia, L Abrams, SA Harris, SS Rasmussen, HM Dallal, GE Dawson-Hughes, B AF Ceglia, Lisa Abrams, Steven A. Harris, Susan S. Rasmussen, Helen M. Dallal, Gerard E. Dawson-Hughes, Bess TI Evaluation of an inexpensive calcium absorption index in healthy older men and women SO CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIETARY CALCIUM AB P>Objective Calcium absorption is an important determinant of calcium retention and bone metabolism. However, most methods of measuring calcium absorption, including the well-established dual stable isotope method, are costly and cumbersome to implement. We evaluated whether an oral calcium tolerance test (OCTT), which involves measuring calcium excretion in a fasting 2-h urine collection and two 2-h collections following an oral calcium dose, may be a useful index of calcium absorption in older adults consuming a fixed calcium intake of 30 mmol/day. Design After a 10-day metabolic diet containing 30 mmol/day of calcium, subjects had calcium absorption measured using the dual stable isotope method and the OCTT. Participants Eleven healthy subjects aged 54-74 years. Measurements Fractional calcium absorption (FCA), calcium excretion in a fasting 2-h urine collection and two 2-h collections in response to a 10-mmol calcium dose (total intake 30 mmol/day). Results Calcium excretion from several combinations of the urine collections was examined in relation to FCA. The most predictive of FCA was calcium excretion 4 h following the calcium dose. This measure was significantly correlated with FCA (r = 0 center dot 735, P = 0 center dot 010), fitting 54% of the variability in FCA. Conclusion Urinary calcium excretion during the 4 h after a 10-mmol calcium dose is a useful index of calcium absorption among older adults consuming recommended calcium intakes. This test is inexpensive, easy to implement and potentially useful in large clinical studies. C1 [Ceglia, Lisa; Harris, Susan S.; Rasmussen, Helen M.; Dallal, Gerard E.; Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Abrams, Steven A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Ceglia, L (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM lisa.ceglia@tufts.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7707]; Unilever Corporate Research, Bedfordshire, UK; [DK007651] FX This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under agreement No. 58-1950-7707. Any opinions, findings, conclusion or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture.; We thank the Metabolic Research Unit at the Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA at Tufts University and the staff at the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine for their work on the study. L. Ceglia was supported by grant DK007651. This research was supported by the Unilever Corporate Research, Bedfordshire, UK. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0300-0664 EI 1365-2265 J9 CLIN ENDOCRINOL JI Clin. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 72 IS 1 BP 22 EP 25 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03576.x PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 532SX UT WOS:000272771200005 PM 19320650 ER PT B AU Stednick, JD Paschke, MW Sutherland, PL Walker, RD Bauder, TA AF Stednick, J. D. Paschke, M. W. Sutherland, P. L. Walker, R. D. Bauder, T. A. BE Reddy, KJ TI ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR COALBED NATURAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN COLORADO SO COALED NATURAL GAS: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT SE Energy Science Engineering and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SALINE-SODIC WATERS; ROOT-ZONE SALINITY; POWDER RIVER-BASIN; LAND APPLICATION; TOLERANCE; CHEMISTRY; IRRIGATION; METHANE; STATES; SOIL AB Increased development and production rates of coalbed natural gas (CBNG) in Colorado have increased environmental concerns over soils, vegetation, water, and air resources. This chapter reviews the potential CBNG effects on these resources and discusses the associated state regulations. CBNG activities may involve large areas of soil disturbance with drill pads, roads, and compressor or pump stations. Less site disturbance generally results in less soil erosion. Site disturbance will result in vegetation disturbance. Site-recognizance is often needed to identify unique vegetation communities, including old-growth forests and riparian areas, and can often or should be excluded from disturbance. Disturbed lands from CNBG are required to be reclaimed and previous research on site reclamation and revegetation suggests that 50 years may be required for vegetation restoration for arid lands in eastern Colorado. Dewatering during CBNG activities requires a water right, since it was recently ruled a beneficial use of water. Uses of coproduced CBNG waters included direct discharge to streams or use as irrigation water or livestock/wildlife watering. Irrigation use requires consideration of the water salinity, infiltration maintenance (sodicity), nutritional imbalances or major ion toxicity for crops. Air resource concerns include volatile organic compounds and particulate materials. Although some natural resource related regulations are in place, it appears that additional monitoring is required for many situations to determine if the regulations are protective of the natural resources and what additional regulations are needed. Recent changes in the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission regulations were interpreted by the gas industry as an economic burden that would 'regulate' them out of business, and offer little additional natural resources protection. Natural resources monitoring data need to be collected cooperatively, with equal representation of all parties to determine current regulatory appropriateness and propose additional oversight that will allow for resources sustainability. C1 [Stednick, J. D.; Bauder, T. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sutherland, P. L.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Lajunta, CO 81050 USA. [Walker, R. D.] Mesa State Coll, Grand Junction, CO 81501 USA. RP Stednick, JD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jds@cnr.colostate.edu; Mark.Paschke@colostate.edu; lorenz.sutherland@co.usda.gov; rwalker@mesastate.edu; Troy.Bauder@colostate.edu NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-61668-036-7 J9 ENERG SCI ENG TECH PY 2010 BP 207 EP 226 PG 20 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BTF95 UT WOS:000286869000010 ER PT J AU Venkatesh, MP Abrams, SA AF Venkatesh, Mohan P. Abrams, Steven A. TI Oral lactoferrin for the prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID NEONATAL RESEARCH NETWORK; CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C; LATE-ONSET SEPSIS; BOVINE LACTOFERRIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VIRUS VIREMIA; INFECTION; DEFENSE; SUPPLEMENTATION; PROPHYLAXIS AB Background Lactoferrin, a normal component of human colostrum, milk, tears and saliva can enhance host defence and may be effective in the prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm neonates. Objectives To assess the safety and effectiveness of oral lactoferrin in the prevention of sepsis and NEC in preterm neonates. Search strategy The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE and PREMEDLINE (1966 to Oct 2009), EMBASE (1980 to Oct 2009) and CINAHL (1982 to Oct 2009) were searched. Ongoing trials at www.clinicaltrials.gov and www.controlled-trials.com were searched. Conference proceedings of Pediatric Academic Societies (American Pediatric Society, Society for Pediatric Research and European Society for Pediatric Research) were searched for abstracts 1990 from the journal 'Pediatric Research' and 'Abstracts Online'. Selection criteria Randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials evaluating oral lactoferrin at any dose or duration for the prophylaxis of sepsis or NEC in preterm neonates. Data collection and analysis Data collection and analysis were performed according to the standard methods of the CNRG. Main results One trial (Manzoni 2008) that randomized 472 very low birth weight infants was eligible. A statistically significant reduction in late-onset sepsis was observed in the groups that received either lactoferrin alone (RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.17, 0.70; RD -0.11, 95% CI -0.18, -0.05; NNT 9, 95% CI 5, 20) or in combination with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.12, 0.60; RD -0.13, 95% CI -0.19, -0.06; NNT 8, 95% CI 5, 17). In subgroup analyses, infants weighing less than 1000 g and those fed exclusively on maternal milk had significant reduction in late-onset sepsis after oral lactoferrin supplementation alone. In the group supplemented with oral lactoferrin and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, infants weighing less than 1000 g had a significant reduction in late-onset sepsis, but not exclusively maternal milk fed infants. Prophylaxis with oral lactoferrin alone did not reduce the incidence of NEC (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.09, 1.17; RD -0.04, 95% CI -0.08, 0.00), but a significant reduction in NEC with combination of lactoferrin with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG was noted (RR 0.05, 95% CI 0.00, 0.90; RD -0.06, 95% CI -0.10, -0.02; NNT17, 95% CI 10, 50). No adverse effects due to lactoferrin were observed in this study. Long-term neurological outcomes were not assessed in this trial. Authors' conclusions Oral lactoferrin prophylaxis reduces the incidence of late-onset sepsis in infants weighing less than 1500 g and most effective in infants weighing less than 1000 g. There is no evidence of efficacy of oral lactoferrin (given alone) in the prevention of NEC in preterm neonates. Well designed, randomized trials should address dosing, duration, type of lactoferrin (bovine or human) prophylaxis in prevention of sepsis and NEC. The effect of exclusive maternal milk feeding should be clarified. C1 [Venkatesh, Mohan P.] Baylor Coll Med, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Abrams, Steven A.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Venkatesh, MP (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Sect Neonatol, 6621 Fannin,MC WT 6-104, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mohanv@bcm.tmc.edu FU Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, USA [HHSN267200603418C] FX The Cochrane Neonatal Review Group has been funded in part with Federal funds from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, USA, under Contract No. HHSN267200603418C. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1469-493X J9 COCHRANE DB SYST REV JI Cochrane Database Syst Rev. PY 2010 IS 5 AR CD007137 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD007137.pub2 PG 26 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 595LD UT WOS:000277611100014 PM 20464748 ER PT J AU Frankman, D Webb, BW Butler, BW Latham, DJ AF Frankman, David Webb, Brent W. Butler, Bret W. Latham, Don J. TI FINE FUEL HEATING BY RADIANT FLUX SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fine fuel; Heating; Radiation ID FIRE SPREAD; FOREST FUEL; CONVECTION; RADIATION; CYLINDER; MODEL; BEDS AB Experiments were conducted wherein wood shavings and Ponderosa pine needles in quiescent air were subjected to a steady radiation heat flux from a planar ceramic burner. The internal temperature of these particles was measured using fine diameter (0.076 mm diameter) type K thermocouples. A narrow angle radiometer was used to determine the emissive power generated by the burner. A model was developed to predict the steady-state temperature of a cylindrical particle with an imposed radiation heat flux under both quiescent air (buoyancy-induced cooling) and windy (forced convection cooling) conditions. Excellent agreement was observed between the model predictions and the experimental data. Parametric studies using the validated model explore the effect of burner (flame) temperature and distance, fuel size, and wind speed. The data suggest that ignition of the fuel element by radiation heating alone is likely only under circumstances where the fire is very intense (such as crown fires), and even then may still be dependent on pilot ignition sources. C1 [Frankman, David; Webb, Brent W.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Butler, Bret W.; Latham, Don J.] US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. RP Webb, BW (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM webb@byu.edu NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 182 IS 2 BP 215 EP 230 DI 10.1080/00102200903341538 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 552PF UT WOS:000274304800006 ER PT J AU Lozano, J Tachajapong, W Weise, DR Mahalingam, S Princevac, M AF Lozano, Jesse Tachajapong, Watcharapong Weise, David R. Mahalingam, Shankar Princevac, Marko TI Fluid Dynamic Structures in a Fire Environment Observed in Laboratory-Scale Experiments SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Firespread; Particle image velocimetry; Vorticity ID DISCRETE FUEL-ELEMENTS; WIND-AIDED FIRESPREAD; SPREAD; ENTRAINMENT; FLAME; BEDS; TEMPERATURE; PROPAGATION; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM AB Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements were performed in laboratory-scale experimental fires spreading across horizontal fuel beds composed of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx) excelsior. The continuous flame, intermittent flame, and thermal plume regions of a fire were investigated. Utilizing a PIV system, instantaneous velocity fields for the three regions were measured and special attention was given to the coherent fluid dynamic structures that are present in a propagating fire environment. Measurements were performed inside the fire itself and in the surrounding environment. From the PIV data the formation of vortex structures in front of the fire were observed. For the 3 flame regions, instantaneous velocity field data was analyzed to determine existing vortex diameters and vorticity values. The presented results of the detailed and measured velocity field within a propagating fire are likely the first of its type. C1 [Lozano, Jesse; Tachajapong, Watcharapong; Mahalingam, Shankar; Princevac, Marko] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Weise, David R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. RP Lozano, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Bourns Hall B242, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM lozanj02@student.ucr.edu RI Mahalingam, Shankar/K-6746-2015; OI Mahalingam, Shankar/0000-0002-4543-7201 NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 182 IS 7 BP 858 EP 878 AR PII 923933807 DI 10.1080/00102200903401241 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 621XO UT WOS:000279619900007 ER PT J AU Frankman, D Webb, BW Butler, BW AF Frankman, David Webb, Brent W. Butler, Bret W. TI Time-Resolved Radiation and Convection Heat Transfer in Combusting Discontinuous Fuel Beds SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Discontinuous fuel; Radiative and convective heat transfer ID FOREST FUEL; SPREAD; FIRES; WIND AB Time-resolved radiation and convection heat flux were measured in a series of experimental fires designed to explore heat transfer behavior during the combustion of discontinuous fuel beds. Fuel spacing and height were varied for both buoyancy- and wind-driven combustion. Peak radiation and convection heat fluxes as high as 130kW/m2 were recorded. Radiation flux had the effect of heating the fuel before flame arrival. Both positive (heating) and negative (cooling) convective heat transfer occurred before flame arrival. Surprisingly, the convection could also be positive or negative after flame arrival, indicating that even when engulfed in flames there were packets of cooler air moving across the sensor. In nearly all cases, short-duration convective heating pulses appear to precede the full onset of combustion, suggesting that convective heating may be critical as a pilot ignition source. Flame spread rate appears to be primarily governed by factors that affect the intensity of the convective transport. Rapid temporal fluctuations were observed in both radiation and convection, and spectral analysis revealed spectral content at frequencies as high as 50-70Hz under buoyant flow conditions, and 150-200Hz under the influence of wind. C1 [Frankman, David; Webb, Brent W.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Butler, Bret W.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. RP Webb, BW (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM webb@byu.edu FU U.S. Forest Service; National Fire Plan FX This work was supported in part by funding provided by the U.S. Forest Service and the National Fire Plan. The assistance of Anita Hershman and Danette Paige in preparing fuel beds is appreciated. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 182 IS 10 BP 1391 EP 1412 AR PII 927397107 DI 10.1080/00102202.2010.486388 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 659NO UT WOS:000282573900002 ER PT J AU Busby, RR Gebhart, DL Torbert, HA Dawson, JO Bollero, GA Potter, KN Curtin, DR AF Busby, R. R. Gebhart, D. L. Torbert, H. A. Dawson, J. O. Bollero, G. A. Potter, K. N. Curtin, D. R. TI Effects of a New Waste-Processing By-product on Soil and Vegetation at Fort Campbell, Tennessee SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Heavy metals; municipal waste; nutrient immobilization; plant establishment; soil restoration ID ANDROPOGON-GERARDII; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; RESPONSES; SWITCHGRASS; RECLAMATION; SUCCESSION AB A garbage-processing technology has been developed that sterilizes and separates inorganic and organic components of municipal solid waste. A study was initiated to evaluate the uncomposted organic by-product of this process as a soil amendment for establishing native prairie grasses on disturbed Army training lands. The waste was incorporated into a silt loam soil at Fort Campbell Military Reservation in the central United States. The waste material was applied at rates of 0, 4.5, 9, 18, and 36 Mg ha(-1) and seeded with native prairie grasses to assess its effects on vegetation for two growing seasons, with an additional unseeded control treatment for comparison to natural recovery. Treatments receiving the highest rate of application had significantly more native grass basal cover and percent composition than the controls. Plant phosphorus accumulation increased significantly with increasing pulp application. Soil phosphorus and lead concentrations increased in the top 10 cm of the highest application rates where pulp was mixed in the soil. Because minimal environmental effects were detected and the pulp improved perennial grass establishment and nutrition at the 36 Mg ha(-1) rate, land application should be considered a viable and beneficial alternative to current waste-management practices. C1 [Busby, R. R.; Gebhart, D. L.; Curtin, D. R.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. [Torbert, H. A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. [Dawson, J. O.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bollero, G. A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Potter, K. N.] ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX USA. RP Busby, RR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. EM ryan.busby@us.army.mil FU U.S. Army Office of the Directorate of Environmental Programs (DAIM); U.S. Army Forces Command; Congressional Plus Up FX We thank Beth Boren and Steve Taylor of the Fort Campbell Environmental Division for their assistance in planning and executing the study; Jerry Carrington, Marlon Siegford, and Dr. Stephen Prior of the USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Lab for their expertise in data collection; and Pat Kemme of the U. S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory for her assistance in performing the initial sampling and analysis of the fluff. This study was funded by the U.S. Army Office of the Directorate of Environmental Programs (DAIM), Assistant Chief of Staff (Installation Management); U.S. Army Forces Command; and Congressional Plus Up. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 3 BP 250 EP 266 DI 10.1080/00103620903460773 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 552JR UT WOS:000274286600003 ER PT J AU Jokela, WE Tilley, JP Ross, DS AF Jokela, William E. Tilley, Joel P. Ross, Donald S. TI Manure Nutrient Content on Vermont Dairy Farms: Long-Term Trends and Relationships SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Copper; dairy manure; phosphorus ID LAND-APPLIED MANURE; RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; DIET PHOSPHORUS; EXCRETION; LOSSES AB Manure nutrient analysis is an important component of nutrient-management planning on dairy farms. The University of Vermont Agricultural and Environmental Testing Laboratory analyzed more than 2,300 dairy manure samples from 1992 to 2006. Means of nutrient content were consistent with published values, but variability among the sample results supports the need for laboratory analysis to determine manure application rates. Phosphorus (P) content of manure decreased by about 30% from 1992 to 2004, presumably reflecting a shift in dairy diets to avoid feeding excess P, but P content increased in the following 2 years. The copper (Cu) content of liquid manure increased four-fold, mostly after 1998, a change attributed to increased use of copper sulfate (CuSO(4)) in foot baths. While not reliable for making nutrient-management decisions on individual farms, long-term summaries can be useful to detect trends and to put individual analytical results in context. C1 [Jokela, William E.] USDA ARS, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Tilley, Joel P.; Ross, Donald S.] Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Jokela, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2615 E 29th St, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM bill.jokela@ars.usda.gov RI Ross, Donald/A-4477-2008 OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-5390-6602 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 5 BP 623 EP 637 DI 10.1080/00103620903531193 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 584OZ UT WOS:000276763400008 ER PT J AU Arnold, SL Tubbs, RS Arnold, NS Walker, AE AF Arnold, S. L. Tubbs, R. S. Arnold, N. S. Walker, A. E. TI Automated Collector of Terrestrial Systems Used for the Gathering of Soil Atmospheric-Gas Emissions SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Automated sampler; gas analysis; greenhouse gas emissions; soil; terrestrial systems ID LONG-TERM; FLUXES; CARBON; FIELD AB Soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are complex, and their study requires considerable sampling of field spatial and temporal differences. Manual and simple automated gas-collection techniques used at multiple sites during specific time intervals are labor intensive. The objective of this work was to construct a device that can independently collect GHG samples with the accuracy and precision of manually drawn samples. An automated collector of terrestrial systems (ACTS) is a 24-h, 7-d/week programmable sampler used in the field for real-time gathering and containment of soil GHG emissions. The sampler opens and closes an exterior soil gas chamber, mixes gases in the chamber by turning fans on/off, and utilizes programmable circuits to purge the system and draw a sample from the chamber with a pneumatic-driven syringe. Each sample was stored in an evacuated vial held in a 30-vial capacity carousel. Vial content was analyzed for carbon dioxide (CO(2)), methane (CH(4)), and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) at the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Services (ARS) Agroecosystem Management Research Unit (AMRU). A Tracor MT-220 gas chromatograph (GC) configured with a thermal conductivity detector (TCD) was used for CO(2) analysis, and an automated gas-sampling system (AGSS) attached to a Varian 3700 GC configured with flame ionization detection (FID) and electron capture detection (ECD) was used for CH(4) and N(2)O analysis. Field and laboratory mean values and coefficients of variation (standards and field concentrations of CO(2), CH(4), and N(2)O ranging from ambient to 71 kg ha(-1) d(-1) had coefficients of variation ranging from 1.2 to 4.2%) were similar between ACTS and manually drawn samples. Results showed strong correlation (R(2) = 0.81 to 1.00) between sampling methods. The sampler design provides a realistic and inexpensive approach for collecting emission samples while reducing human error associated with adverse sampling conditions and fatigue. The ACTS has potential for use in monitoring and comparing management practices in terrestrial systems to determine their contribution to GHG emissions. C1 [Arnold, S. L.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Tubbs, R. S.] Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA USA. [Arnold, N. S.] NSA Consulting, Lincoln, NE USA. [Walker, A. E.] AEW Consulting, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Arnold, SL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, 305 Entomology Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM spencer.arnold@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 5 BP 638 EP 648 DI 10.1080/00103620903531201 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 584OZ UT WOS:000276763400009 ER PT J AU Jabro, JD Stevens, WB Iversen, WM Evans, RG AF Jabro, J. D. Stevens, W. B. Iversen, W. M. Evans, R. G. TI Tillage Depth Effects on Soil Physical Properties, Sugarbeet Yield, and Sugarbeet Quality SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Aeration; bulk density; hydraulic conductivity; penetration resistance; root nitrate; root sucrose; sugarbeet; water content ID ZEA-MAYS L.; DEEP-TILLAGE; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; CLAY LOAM; CROP; FERTILIZATION; COMPACTION; NITROGEN; MINIMUM; GROWTH AB Tillage depth influences the soil-water-plant ecosystem, thereby affecting crop yield and quality. The effects of tillage depth on soil physical properties and sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) yield and quality were evaluated. A field study composed of two tillage depths [10 cm, referred to as shallow (ST), and 20 cm, referred to as deep (DT)] was conducted on a Lihen sandy loam soil in spring 2007 at the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) irrigated research farm near Williston, North Dakota. Soil bulk density (rho b), gravimetric water content (theta(w)), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were measured three times during the growing season at four depth increments to 40 cm deep. Samples were taken approximately 0.5 m apart within the crop row of irrigated sugarbeet. Soil air-filled pore volume (theta(a)) was calculated from soil bulk density and water content data. Soil penetration resistance (PR) was also measured in 2.5-cm increments to a depth of 35 cm. Roots were hand-harvested from each plot, and each sample consisted of the roots within an area consisting of two adjacent rows 1.5 m long. Soil rho(b) was greater in ST than in DT, whereas Ks was greater with DT than with ST. Soil PR was significantly greater in ST than in DT at the 0- to 20-cm depth. Soil theta(w) and epsilon(a) were slightly greater in DT than those under ST. Although tillage depth had no significant effect on sugarbeet population, root yield, or sucrose content, a small difference in sucrose yield between two depths of tillage may be attributed to reduced rho(b), increased water intake, improved aeration, and increased response to nitrogen uptake under DT than under ST. It was concluded that tillage depth enhanced soil physical quality and had little effect on sugarbeet yield or quality. C1 [Jabro, J. D.; Stevens, W. B.; Iversen, W. M.; Evans, R. G.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Jabro, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM jay.jabro@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 7 BP 908 EP 916 DI 10.1080/00103621003594677 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 584PE UT WOS:000276763900010 ER PT J AU Moore, AD Alva, AK Collins, HP Boydston, RA AF Moore, A. D. Alva, A. K. Collins, H. P. Boydston, R. A. TI Mineralization of Nitrogen from Biofuel By-products and Animal Manures Amended to a Sandy Soil SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Biofuel by-products; dairy manure compost; distillers grains; mineralization; mustard meal; nitrogen; nutrient cycling; poultry litter; soil fertility ID NITRIFYING BACTERIA; HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY; AVAILABLE NITROGEN; ORGANIC AMENDMENTS; POULTRY LITTER; GERMINATION; NITRIFICATION; INHIBITION; MEAL; TEMPERATURE AB Transformations of nitrogen (N) from poultry litter (PL), dairy manure compost (DMC), anaerobically digested fiber (ADF), Perfect Blend 7-2-2 (PB), a compost/litter mixture (C/L), dried distillers grains from ethanol production (DG), and mustard meal from biodiesel production (MM) applied to a Quincy fine sand were investigated in an incubation experiment over 210 days. The cumulative release totals of available N after 210 days were 61, 61, 56, 44, 29, 2, and -2% for the total N in MM, PB, DG, PL, C/L, DMC, and ADF, respectively. With application of MM and DG, ammonium (NH4-N) accumulated initially in the soil with very little nitrification, possibly because of inhibition of nitrification related to chemical compounds in the amendments. Mineralization of organic N to NH4-N and nitrate (NO3-N) was relatively slow from MM- and DG-amended soils, indicating the potential for using biofuel by-products as slow-release N sources for plants. C1 [Moore, A. D.] Univ Idaho, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. [Alva, A. K.; Collins, H. P.; Boydston, R. A.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Lab, Prosser, WA USA. RP Moore, AD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, 315 Falls Ave,Evergreen Bldg, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. EM amberm@uidaho.edu NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1315 EP 1326 AR PII 922446947 DI 10.1080/00103621003759320 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 600OY UT WOS:000277997800004 ER PT J AU Pagliari, P Rosen, C Strock, J Russelle, M AF Pagliari, Paulo Rosen, Carl Strock, Jeff Russelle, Michael TI Phosphorus Availability and Early Corn Growth Response in Soil Amended with Turkey Manure Ash SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Bray P; early corn growth; Olsen P; phosphorus; turkey manure ash ID SLUDGE INCINERATOR ASH; WOOD ASH; NITROGEN AB Incinerating turkey manure is a new option in the USA to generate renewable energy and to eliminate environmental problems associated with manure stockpiling. Incineration produces turkey manure ash (TMA) with a nutrient content of 43 g phosphorus (P) kg-1 and 100 g potassium (K) kg-1. We conducted a greenhouse pot study using a low P (6 mg kg-1) and high K (121 mg kg-1) soil/sand mixture with a 7.0 pH to evaluate early growth response of corn (Zea mays L.) to TMA. A control and five rates based on P (5.6, 10.9, 16.5, 21.9, and 27.2 mg kg-1) and respective K contents in TMA were compared with triple-superphosphate and potassium chloride fertilizer. Plant height and stalk thickness at 24 and 31 days after emergence (DAE) were greatest with the fertilizer, but no differences were detected at the final sampling (52 DAE). Regardless of nutrient source, plant biomass increased with P rate. Because of faster initial plant development, corn dry matter 52 DAE was 15 to 20% greater with fertilizer than with TMA. Corn tissue P concentration was greater with TMA than with fertilizer, but P uptake was similar. Tissue micronutrient concentrations were greatest for the control. Bray 1 P appeared to extract excessive amounts of P in TMA-amended soil, whereas soil P levels with the Olsen extractant provided an estimate of plant-available P that was consistent with plant response. Based on this first approximation, we conclude that TMA is a potential source of P for field crops. Field studies are required to determine recommended application rates. C1 [Pagliari, Paulo; Rosen, Carl; Strock, Jeff; Russelle, Michael] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Rosen, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM crosen@umn.edu NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1369 EP 1382 AR PII 922448553 DI 10.1080/00103621003759379 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 600OY UT WOS:000277997800009 ER PT J AU Saifullah Ghafoor, A Murtaza, G Waraich, EA Zia, MH AF Saifullah Ghafoor, Abdul Murtaza, Ghulam Waraich, Ejaz Ahmad Zia, Munir Hussain TI Effect of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid on Growth and Phytoremediative Ability of Two Wheat Varieties SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Chelating agents; leaching; phytoremediation; wheat ID CHELATE-ASSISTED PHYTOEXTRACTION; POTENTIAL SOIL AMENDMENTS; HEAVY-METALS; INDIAN MUSTARD; ENHANCED PHYTOEXTRACTION; CONTAMINATED SOILS; LEAD PHYTOEXTRACTION; EDTA; PB; PLANTS AB Chelating agents are commonly used to enhance the phytoremediative ability of plants. The type of chelating agent applied and the selection of plant species are important factors to consider for successful phytoremediation. This study investigates the effects of four different rates (0, 2, 4, 8 mmol kg-1) of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on lead (Pb) dissolution, plant growth, and the ability of two spring wheat varieties (Auqab-2000 and Inqalab-91) to accumulate Pb from contaminated soils in a pot study. The results indicated that the addition of EDTA to the soil significantly increased the aqueous solubility of Pb and that wheat variety Inqalab-91 was more tolerant to Pb than Auqab-2000. Application of EDTA at 8 mmol kg-1 resulted in biomass yield, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate significantly lower in Auqab-2000 than in Inqalab-91. Although EDTA enhanced the uptake of Pb by both wheat varieties, Auqab-2000 accumulated significantly more Pb in the shoots than Inqalab-91. The results of the present study suggest that under the conditions used in this experiment, EDTA at the highest dose was the best amendment for enhanced phytoextraction of Pb using wheat. High concentrations of Pb were found in leachates collected from the bottom of columns treated with EDTA. Application of EDTA in the column leaching experiment increased the concentration of Pb in leachate with increasing EDTA dosage (0-8 mmol kg-1). These results suggest that EDTA addition for enhancing soil cleanup must be designed properly to minimize the uncontrolled release of metals from soils into groundwater. C1 [Saifullah; Ghafoor, Abdul; Murtaza, Ghulam] Univ Agr, Inst Soil & Environm Sci, Fasialabad 38040, Pakistan. [Saifullah] Univ Florida, Inst Food Sci & Agr, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. [Waraich, Ejaz Ahmad] Univ Agr, Dept Crop Physiol, Fasialabad 38040, Pakistan. [Zia, Munir Hussain] Fauji Fertilizer Co Ltd, Tech Serv Dept, Lahore, Pakistan. [Zia, Munir Hussain] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Saifullah (reprint author), Univ Agr, Inst Soil & Environm Sci, Fasialabad 38040, Pakistan. EM saifullagoraya@yahoo.com RI Zia, Munir/G-3249-2010; Murtaza, Ghulam/C-2322-2015; Ullah, Saif/E-1717-2013 NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1478 EP 1492 AR PII 923392580 DI 10.1080/00103624.2010.482170 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 616HB UT WOS:000279198600007 ER PT J AU Haney, RL Haney, EB AF Haney, R. L. Haney, E. B. TI Simple and Rapid Laboratory Method for Rewetting Dry Soil for Incubations SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Capillary action; microbial activity; water-filled pore space ID QUALITY INDICATORS; N MINERALIZATION; CARBON AB Soil microbial activity is greatly affected by soil water content. Determining the appropriate moisture content to rewet soils that have been dried in preparation for laboratory incubations to determine microbial activity can be laborious and time-consuming. The most common methods used achieve sufficient moisture content for peak microbial respiration are gravimetric water content, soil matric potential, or percentage of water-filled pore space (WFPS). Alternatively, a fast, simple, and accurate way to ensure that a given soil receives the appropriate amount of water for peak soil microbial respiration is to rely on natural capillary action for rewetting the dry soil. The capillary method is related to the gravimetric method for water uptake and has a strong correlation with WFPS. A microbial respiration test was conducted to compare rewetting methods. The 24-h carbon dioxide (CO2) / carbon (C) results were very similar and strongly correlated using the gravimetric method and the capillary method for rewetting dried soil. C1 [Haney, R. L.] USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Haney, E. B.] Railrd Commiss Texas Surface Min & Reclamat, Austin, TX USA. RP Haney, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM rick.haney@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 40 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1493 EP 1501 AR PII 923392968 DI 10.1080/00103624.2010.482171 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 616HB UT WOS:000279198600008 ER PT J AU Haney, RL Haney, EB Hossner, LR Arnold, JG AF Haney, R. L. Haney, E. B. Hossner, L. R. Arnold, J. G. TI Modifications to the New Soil Extractant H3A-1: A Multinutrient Extractant SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Organic acids; pH; root exudates; soil extractant ID ROOT EXUDATION; IRON; ALUMINUM; RHIZOSPHERE; PHOSPHORUS; PHOSPHATE; TESTS AB A new soil extractant (H3A-1) with the ability to extract ammonium (NH4) nitrogen (N), nitrate (NO3) N, and phosphorus (P) from soil was originally developed and tested against 32 soils (Haney et al. 2006). H3A-1 is composed of organic acid root exudates, which are naturally occurring, and lithium citrate. In this study, H3A-1 was modified to reduce the extractable iron and aluminum and improve the nutrient extracting relationships with other well-known soil extractants. Correlations show improved relationships with NO3, NH4, PO4, P, potassium, calcium, and zinc when compared to the original H3A-1 as well as standard soil-test methods [Olsen, potassium chloride (KCl), water, Mehlich 3, Bray 1, ammonium acetate (NH4 OAc), and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)]. The modifications were tested against the results from the North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) database, which included 60 soils, varying in pH, organic carbon, and clay content. C1 [Haney, R. L.; Arnold, J. G.] USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Haney, E. B.] State Texas Railrd Commiss, Austin, TX USA. [Hossner, L. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Haney, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM rick.haney@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 32 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1513 EP 1523 AR PII 923392549 DI 10.1080/00103624.2010.482173 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 616HB UT WOS:000279198600010 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Owens, PR AF Smith, D. R. Owens, P. R. TI Impact of Time to First Rainfall Event on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Following Manure Applications SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; methane; nitrous oxide; poultry litter; soil gas flux; swine manure; urea ID CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; NITROUS-OXIDE; LAND-USE; SOILS; METHANE; FERTILIZER; DYNAMICS; N2O AB Use of inorganic fertilizers and manures are known to result in the release of greenhouse gases (GHG) to the atmosphere, and rainfall events can also increase GHG emissions from soils. The objective of this study was to examine how the time between fertilizer or manure application and the first rainfall event affects carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) fluxes. Swine manure, poultry litter, and urea were surface applied to plots. Rainfall was simulated 1, 4, 8, 15, or 29 days after application. Gas fluxes were determined before and after each rainfall simulation. Postrain CO2 fluxes were the greatest from poultry litter at 4 to 8 days after fertilization, and all fertilizer treatments produced similar N2O emissions with a peak 4 days after fertilization. These data seem to indicate that if manures are applied during drier periods of the year, GHG emissions can be minimized, in addition to reducing nutrient runoff losses. C1 [Smith, D. R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Owens, P. R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM drsmith@purdue.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 13 BP 1604 EP 1614 AR PII 923575471 DI 10.1080/00103624.2010.485240 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 619OH UT WOS:000279439000007 ER PT J AU Sistani, KR Adeli, A Tewolde, H AF Sistani, K. R. Adeli, A. Tewolde, H. TI Apparent Use Efficiency of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Litter Applied to Bermudagrass SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Broiler litter; nitrogen; nitrogen-use efficiency; phosphorus; waste management ID MANURE-AMENDED SOIL; BROILER LITTER; ORGANIC-MATTER; POULTRY MANURE; MINERALIZATION; FIELD; TEMPERATURE; WASTES; YIELD; CORN AB More than 80% of broiler (chicken, Gallus gallus domesticus) litter produced annually is applied as a plant nutrient source, particularly for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), to pastures. However, N losses during the process of litter N mineralization limit availability of N to crops. This study determined broiler litter N and P availability and apparent use efficiency (ANUE, APUE) to bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon] during the first year after litter application. Treatments consisted of three litter rates (3.3, 6.6, and 13.2 Mg ha-1), a commercial N fertilizer rate that provided 358 kg N ha-1 as ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), and an untreated control. Results showed bermudagrass dry-matter (DM) yield increased significantly with increase in litter rate. Commercial N fertilizer produced significantly greater DM yield than 3.3 and 6.6 Mg ha-1 of litter but produced less DM yield than 13.2 Mg ha-1 of litter. The overall average of ANUE from litter was 39% compared to the 59% from fertilizer. The mean litter N availabilities to bermudagrass during the first year after litter application were 48.5, 112.5, and 222 kg ha-1, corresponding to the 3.3, 6.6, and 13.2 Mg ha-1 litter rates, respectively. The overall mean of litter N mineralization, which was surface broadcast to bermudagrass plots during the first year, was 59.5% of the total litter N applied. The APUE, averaged across the rate and locations, was 13.6%, which was quite smaller than the ANUE of 39%. This finding of small APUE also validates the potential for P accumulation in soil after long-term animal manure application. C1 [Sistani, K. R.] ARS, USDA, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Adeli, A.; Tewolde, H.] ARS, USDA, Starkville, MS USA. RP Sistani, KR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM karamat.sistani@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 15 BP 1873 EP 1884 AR PII 924384012 DI 10.1080/00103624.2010.492444 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 626KJ UT WOS:000279964600009 ER PT J AU Finocchiaro, RG Kremer, RJ AF Finocchiaro, Raymond G. Kremer, Robert J. TI Effect of Municipal Wastewater as a Wetland Water Source on Soil Microbial Activity SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Microbiology; salinity; sewage; soil water content ID ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; IRRIGATION; SEED; MICROORGANISMS; SALINITY; EFFLUENT; BACTERIA; BIOMASS; CARBON AB Microbial activity levels of two soil materials, excavated from a wetland and irrigated with municipal wastewater effluent or Missouri River water, were compared. The wastewater had twice the electrical conductivity and four times the sodium concentration as river water. We performed activity assays on the soils before leaching, immediately after leaching, and after harvesting plants. Gas chromatography was used to measure carbon dioxide (CO2) evolved in soil samples incubated for 7 d. Activity was significantly reduced in preleached wastewater-irrigated soils compared with river water-irrigated soils. Immediately after leaching, activity significantly increased and was similar to river water-irrigated soils. Activity decreased slightly after plant harvest in postleached treatments. Increased activity after leaching may be related to decreased salinity and sodicity, which probably lowered osmotic pressure in the soil. Our study demonstrated that soil salinity and sodicity induced by wastewater irrigation decreased microbial activity, which may impact nutrient cycling and glycophytic vegetation communities in wetlands. C1 [Finocchiaro, Raymond G.; Kremer, Robert J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Kremer, Robert J.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Finocchiaro, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM rfinocchiaro@usgs.gov FU Gaylord Memorial Laboratory, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri-Columbia; Missouri Department of Conservation Cooperating; Missouri Agricultural Experimental Station [183] FX This research was supported by contributions from Gaylord Memorial Laboratory, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri-Columbia; the Missouri Department of Conservation Cooperating; and Missouri Agricultural Experimental Station Project 183. Great appreciation is given to Dr. L. Stanley and J. Nichols for laboratory assistance and to K. Park and N. Means for assisting in processing samples through gas chromatography. Special thanks go to Dr. R. Dresbach of the Soil Characterization Laboratory, University of Missouri-Columbia, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory, Morris, Minnesota, for assisting with soil analyses. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 16 BP 1974 EP 1985 AR PII 926813190 DI 10.1080/00103624.2010.495807 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 648XL UT WOS:000281728500008 ER PT J AU Qualm, AM Osborne, SL Gelderman, R AF Qualm, A. M. Osborne, S. L. Gelderman, R. TI Utilizing Existing Sensor Technology to Predict Spring Wheat Grain Nitrogen Concentration SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen; precision agriculture; remote sensing ID PROTEIN; YIELD; GROWTH; CORN AB Optimum grain nitrogen (N) concentration and yield in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can be problematic without proper N fertilizer management. Sensor-based technologies have been used for application of fertilizers and also to predict yield in wheat, although little has been done in the prediction of grain N. Field studies were conducted in South Dakota in 2006 (Gettysburg, Bath, and Cresbard) and 2007 (Gettysburg, Aurora, Leola, and Artas). There were five N treatments (0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg N ha(-1)) applied pre-plant with a second N application applied foliar at anthesis. Sensor readings were taken at growth stages Feekes 10, anthesis, and postfoliar application using the GreenSeeker Hand Held optical sensor. Grain samples were taken at maturity and analyzed for total N. Using similar information collected in 2003 and 2005, a critical normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) value was determined using the Cate-Nelson procedure. The critical NDVI value needed to ensure optimum grain N was 0.70. In 2006 and 2007, the plots that received an application of N at anthesis had higher grain N than the plots not receiving N. There was also a significant response between applied N and grain yield. The results show that with further studies, the Greenseeker could be used to apply N to maximize yield and grain N in a precise and accurate manner. C1 [Qualm, A. M.; Osborne, S. L.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Gelderman, R.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Osborne, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM Shannon.Osborne@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 17 BP 2086 EP 2099 DI 10.1080/00103624.2010.498538 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 655XB UT WOS:000282288000006 ER PT J AU Adeli, A Tewolde, H Sistani, K Rowe, D AF Adeli, Ardeshir Tewolde, Haile Sistani, Karamat Rowe, Dennis TI Comparison of Broiler Litter and Commercial Fertilizer at Equivalent N Rates on Soil Properties SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Aggregate stability; biomass C; broiler litter; soil quality; upland soil ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; POULTRY LITTER; CROP-ROTATION; COTTON; QUALITY; NITROGEN; TILLAGE; CARBON; MANURE; YIELD AB A 3-year study was conducted to determine the effects of broiler litter relative to inorganic fertilizer on soil nutrient content and quality in an upland Loring silt loam soil. Treatments included annual broiler litter rates of 0, 2.2, 4.5, 5.6, 6.7, 10.1, and 13.4 Mg ha-1 y-1 and commercial fertilizer rates of 34, 68, 90, 112, 134, and 168 kg nitrogen (N) ha-1 y-1. Broiler litter application linearly increased soil total carbon (C), microbial biomass C, extractable soil phosphorus (P), potassium (K), soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), and the stability of soil aggregate. At the highest broiler litter rate, the stability of soil aggregate was 34% greater than inorganic fertilizer. Application of broiler litter or fertilizer N at rate greater than 6.7 Mg ha-1 or 90 kg N ha-1, respectively, exceeded plant N utilization potential as evidenced by higher end-of-season soil residual nitrate (NO3)-N. Broiler litter is more effective in improving soil physical, chemical, and biological components than conventional fertilizer. C1 [Sistani, Karamat] USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY USA. [Rowe, Dennis] Mississippi State Univ Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Adeli, Ardeshir; Tewolde, Haile] USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Starkville, MS USA. RP Adeli, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, 810 HWY 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. EM ardeshir.adeli@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 20 BP 2432 EP 2447 AR PII 929164001 DI 10.1080/00103624.2010.511374 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 675YU UT WOS:000283877700005 ER PT J AU Ramsay, TG Richards, MP Li, CJ Caperna, TJ AF Ramsay, T. G. Richards, M. P. Li, C. J. Caperna, T. J. TI IGF-I mediated inhibition of leptin receptor expression in porcine hepatocytes SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hepatocytes; Leptin receptor; Insulin-like growth factor 1; Somatotropin; Swine ID GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; HORMONAL-REGULATION; GLYCOGEN-STORAGE; PRIMARY CULTURES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GROWTH-HORMONE; INSULIN; PIG; SERUM AB A study was conducted to elucidate hormonal control of leptin receptor gene expression in primary cultures of porcine hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were isolated from swine and seeded into T-25 flasks. Cultures were established in medium containing fetal bovine serum for one day and switched to serum-free medium (William's E medium and 1 ng/mL insulin) for the remainder of the 3 d culture period. For the final 24 h, medium was supplemented with porcine growth hormone (GH, 100 or 500 ng/mL), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1, 50 to 250 ng/mL) or triiodothyronine (T3, 100 ng/mL). RNA was extracted and relative quantitative RT-PCR was performed with primers for long form leptin receptor. Receptor expression was calculated relative to 18S rRNA. Insulin had no effect (P>0.05), while T3 increased leptin receptor mRNA abundance (P<0.05). Treatment with GH or IGF-I reduced leptin receptor expression (P<0.05). Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in response to acute leptin treatment was inhibited by previous exposure to GH or IGF-I. Hepatocytes secreted IGF-I under basal conditions and this was enhanced by GH addition. These data suggest porcine hepatocytes may be less sensitive to leptin stimulation due to the actions of endogenous IGF-I on leptin receptor expression. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ramsay, T. G.; Richards, M. P.; Caperna, T. J.] USDA ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Li, C. J.] USDA ARS, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ramsay, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, BARC E, Bldg 200,Rm 207, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM timothy.ramsay@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 155 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.09.007 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 537XM UT WOS:000273147600006 PM 19786114 ER PT J AU Kim, S Xu, JY Liu, S AF Kim, Sanghoon Xu, Jingyuan Liu, Sean TI Production of biopolymer composites by particle bonding SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Polymer-matrix composites; Mechanical properties; Mechanical testing; Compression moulding ID CORN GLUTEN MEAL; AQUEOUS-ETHANOL; ZEIN; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; CONDUCTIVITY; PERCOLATION; PROTEIN; FILMS AB This paper describes a new technology to produce biopolymer composites at room temperature. During the process, micrometer-scale raw material is coated with zein that has strong adhesive property, which is then compressed to form a rigid material. Since this technology does not require purification of the raw materials, various types of compounds can be used as component materials. The coating of particles with zein makes use of the unique property of zein in aqueous ethanol solution. Zein molecules adsorb to the surface of hydrophilic particles when the ethanol content of solvent mixture increases. Formation of aggregates is followed to form large agglomerates. Removal of solvents from the agglomerates yields the final product. Biopolymer composites thus formed showed a broad range of compressive strengths depending on the hardness of the starting raw material used as a base component. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kim, Sanghoon; Xu, Jingyuan; Liu, Sean] Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sanghoon.kim@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 41 IS 1 SI SI BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.09.019 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 543BV UT WOS:000273545800019 ER PT J AU Yamaguchi, I Cohen, JD Culler, AH Quint, M Slovin, JP Nakajima, M Yamaguchi, S Sakakibara, H Kuroha, T Hirai, N Yokota, T Ohta, H Kobayashi, Y Mori, H Sakagami, Y AF Yamaguchi, Isomaro Cohen, Jerry D. Culler, Angela H. Quint, Marcel Slovin, Janet P. Nakajima, Masatoshi Yamaguchi, Shinjiro Sakakibara, Hitoshi Kuroha, Takeshi Hirai, Nobuhiro Yokota, Takao Ohta, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Yuichi Mori, Hitoshi Sakagami, Yoji BE Mander, L Liu, HW TI Plant Hormones SO COMPREHENSIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY, VOL 4: CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ABSCISIC-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; F-BOX PROTEINS; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; PEPTIDE GROWTH-FACTOR; RICH REPEAT RECEPTOR; TO-ASP PHOSPHORELAY; GIBBERELLIN SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY C1 [Yamaguchi, Isomaro] Maebashi Inst Technol, Gunma, Japan. [Cohen, Jerry D.; Culler, Angela H.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Quint, Marcel] Leibniz Inst Plant Biochem, Halle, Germany. [Slovin, Janet P.] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Nakajima, Masatoshi] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [Yamaguchi, Shinjiro; Sakakibara, Hitoshi; Kuroha, Takeshi] RIKEN Plant Sci Ctr, Kanagawa, Japan. [Hirai, Nobuhiro] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. [Yokota, Takao] Teikyo Univ, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan. [Ohta, Hiroyuki; Kobayashi, Yuichi] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. [Mori, Hitoshi; Sakagami, Yoji] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Yamaguchi, I (reprint author), Maebashi Inst Technol, Gunma, Japan. OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 1036 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-045382-8 PY 2010 BP 9 EP 125 PG 117 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BA4ZS UT WOS:000336460000002 ER PT J AU Elbein, AD Molyneux, RJ AF Elbein, Alan D. Molyneux, Russell J. BE Mander, L Liu, HW TI Alkaloid Glycosidase Inhibitors SO COMPREHENSIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY, VOL 6: CARBOHYDRATES, NUCLEOSIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BROUSSONETIA-KAZINOKI SIEB; ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS; N-LINKED OLIGOSACCHARIDES; LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASES; HYACINTHOIDES-NON-SCRIPTA; QUADRUPOLE ION-TRAP; RAT-LIVER GOLGI; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; PYRROLIDINE ALKALOIDS; GAUCHER-DISEASE C1 [Elbein, Alan D.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Molyneux, Russell J.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Elbein, AD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. NR 228 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-045382-8 PY 2010 BP 225 EP 260 PG 36 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BA4ZU UT WOS:000336460400008 ER PT J AU Todoroki, CL Lowell, EC Dykstra, D AF Todoroki, C. L. Lowell, E. C. Dykstra, D. TI Automated knot detection with visual post-processing of Douglas-fir veneer images SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Knot detection; Image processing; Veneer stiffness; Acoustic velocity ID DEFECT-DETECTION; ACOUSTIC VELOCITY; MARK ALGORITHMS; WOOD STIFFNESS; RADIATA PINE; LUMBER; LOGS; ZEALAND; TREES AB Knots on digital images of 51 full veneer sheets, obtained from nine peeler blocks crosscut from two 35-foot (10.7 m) long logs and one 18-foot (5.5 m) log from a single Douglas-fir tree, were detected using a two-phase algorithm. The algorithm was developed using one image, the Development Sheet, refined on five other images, the Training Sheets, and then applied to all remaining sheets. In phase one, global thresholding was used to segment the image through a series of morphological operations to isolate regions likely to contain knots. In phase two, adaptive thresholding was applied to grey scale and red component segmented images to improve the accuracy of the segmented knot. Overall performance, judged in terms of confusion matrix performance metrics, was better for the red component images. Red component recall (true positive) rate was 1.00, 0.99, and 0.96 for the Development, Training, and complete sets, respectively. For the grey scale images, recall rates were 0.96 for all sets. Red component accuracy was 0.76, 0.92, 0.73 (Development, Training, and complete) and those for the grey scale images were 0.71, 0.85, and 0.69, respectively. Red component precision also exceeded that of the grey scale (0.75, 0.93, 0.73 compared to 0.72, 0.88, 0.70). A greater percentage of knots (78%) segmented from red component images were correctly sized, while 16% had more pixels than required and 6% had fewer pixels. Comparative figures for the grey scale images were 57% correctly sized, 2% with more pixels, and 42% with less pixels. Based on our results, we will adopt the red component image for continuing work with digital veneer images from a sample of Douglas-fir trees selected on the basis of acoustic velocity measures. Together with acoustic measurements of the veneer sheets, we are investigating the extent that the number, size, and spatial arrangement of knots influences the average stiffness of veneer sheets, with a view to determining if a relationship exists between the average stiffness of veneer sheets in a peeler block, stiffness of the log, and stiffness of the parent tree from a range of silvicultural treatments. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Todoroki, C. L.] Scion, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand. [Lowell, E. C.; Dykstra, D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Todoroki, CL (reprint author), Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand. EM christine.todoroki@scionresearch.com; elowell@fs.fed.us; ddykstra@fs.fed.us FU Scion; USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station FX The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the sustainable forestry component of Agenda 2020, a Joint effort of the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service Research and Development and the American Forest and Paper Association, the Stand Management Cooperative and its industrial partners, and Weyer-haeuser Company for veneer processing. This work was partially funded by a Joint Venture Agreement between Scion and the USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 70 IS 1 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2009.10.002 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 548BK UT WOS:000273933600019 ER PT J AU McKinion, JM Willers, JL Jenkins, JN AF McKinion, J. M. Willers, J. L. Jenkins, J. N. TI Spatial analyses to evaluate multi-crop yield stability for a field SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE GIS; GPS; LIDAR; Precision agriculture; Yield monitor; Digital elevation map; Spatial analysis; Cluster analysis; Terrain features ID SOYBEAN QUALITY DATA; LASER SCANNER DATA; LANDSCAPE POSITION; SOIL PROPERTIES; GRAIN-YIELD; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; LIDAR; CORN; TOPOGRAPHY AB This paper proposes that yield stability patterns exist for multiple crops planted on the same land area over a period of years that growers can use to their advantage in planning crop management strategies using precision agriculture technologies. This study examines the relationship of soil elevation, slope, aspect and curvature to crop yield stability using a digital elevation model of the study area derived from a precise light detection and ranging (LIDAR) image of the farming area and surroundings. Three crop years of cotton and two crop years of corn yields Were used to evaluate this hypothesis. The interpolation methods of Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), simple Kriging and Natural Neighbor found in ESRI's ARCGIS were used to produce crop yield maps. These methods were also compared in the analysis. Simple Kriging gave the best R(2) estimates of yield as a function of elevation, slope, curvature and aspect. When the SAS FastCluster procedure was used to group yield points together using topographical features, the resulting regression analyses R(2) values of yield as a function of elevation, aspect, curvature and slope by cluster number were improved. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McKinion, J. M.; Willers, J. L.; Jenkins, J. N.] USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP McKinion, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM james.mckinion@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 70 IS 1 BP 187 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2009.10.005 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 548BK UT WOS:000273933600021 ER PT S AU Miles, C Granatstein, D Huggins, D Jones, S Myers, J AF Miles, Carol Granatstein, David Huggins, David Jones, Steve Myers, James BE Gliessman, SR Rosemeyer, M TI Pacific Northwest (US) Diverse Movements toward Sustainability Amid a Variety of Challenges SO CONVERSION TO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND PRACTICES SE Advances in Agroecology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID APPLE C1 [Miles, Carol; Jones, Steve] Washington State Univ, Mt Vernon Northwestern Washington Res & Extens Ct, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. [Granatstein, David] Washington State Univ, Ctr Sustaining Agr & Nat Resources, Wenatchee, WA USA. [Huggins, David] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Myers, James] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Miles, C (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Mt Vernon Northwestern Washington Res & Extens Ct, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2153-9847 BN 978-1-4200-0359-8; 978-0-8493-1917-4 J9 ADV AGROECOL JI Adv. Agroecol. PY 2010 BP 91 EP 116 PG 26 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC5QY UT WOS:000353501200006 ER PT J AU Hass, A Fine, P AF Hass, Amir Fine, Pinchas TI Sequential Selective Extraction Procedures for the Study of Heavy Metals in Soils, Sediments, and Waste Materialsa Critical Review SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE biosolids; iron oxide; metal partitioning; metal solubility; metal speciation ID ARID-ZONE SOILS; CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIALS; MOLECULAR-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; CALCIUM-CARBONATE SURFACES; AMMONIUM OXALATE SOLUTIONS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SODIUM-HYPOCHLORITE; CONTAMINATED SOILS AB The authors review selected protocols of sequential selective extraction procedure that are used to characterize the geochemical distribution of heavy metals in soils, wastes, and sediments. They discuss the development of earlier protocols, their modifications, and the extent to which a given protocol pertains to different conditions. Emphasis is given to the considerations that led to a choice of reagents for each step and to their order in the sequence. Published studies are used as case studies to critically evaluate the implied geochemical components of operationally defined extraction steps. Also assessed are possible effects of subsequent extraction steps and conditions on the selective dissolution of the solid components and their operational definitions. C1 [Fine, Pinchas] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Soil Sci & Plant Nutr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci,Minist Agr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Hass, Amir] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV USA. [Hass, Amir] W Virginia State Univ, Gus R Douglass Land Grant Inst, Institute, WV 25112 USA. [Hass, Amir] W Virginia State Univ, Agr & Environm Res Stn, Institute, WV USA. RP Fine, P (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Soil Sci & Plant Nutr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci,Minist Agr, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM finep@volcani.agri.gov.il NR 159 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 90 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 40 IS 5 BP 365 EP 399 AR PII 921685964 DI 10.1080/10643380802377992 PG 35 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 594FC UT WOS:000277518700001 ER PT J AU Navia, JL Byers, T Djordjevic, D Hentges, E King, J Klurfeld, D Llewellyn, C Milner, J Skrypec, D Weed, D AF Navia, Juan L. Byers, Tim Djordjevic, Darinka Hentges, Eric King, Janet Klurfeld, David Llewellyn, Craig Milner, John Skrypec, Daniel Weed, Douglas TI Integrating the Totality of Food and Nutrition Evidence for Public Health Decision Making and Communication SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE epidemiology; weak associations; dietary guidelines; decision making; communication; nutrition; Bayesian; biomarker ID DIETARY MODIFICATION TRIAL; VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; METAANALYSIS; MORTALITY; DISEASE; PATTERN; RISK AB The interpretation and integration of epidemiological studies detecting weak associations (RR 2) with data from other study designs (e.g., animal models and human intervention trials) is both challenging and vital for making science-based dietary recommendations in the nutrition and food safety communities. The 2008 ILSI North America oDecision-Making for Recommendations and Communication Based on Totality of Food-Related Researcho workshop provided an overview of epidemiological methods, and case-study examples of how weak associations have been incorporated into decision making for nutritional recommendations. Based on the workshop presentations and dialogue among the participants, three clear strategies were provided for the use of weak associations in informing nutritional recommendations for optimal health. First, enable more effective integration of data from all sources through the use of genetic and nutritional biomarkers; second, minimize the risk of bias and confounding through the adoption of rigorous quality-control standards, greater emphasis on the replication of study results, and better integration of results from independent studies, perhaps using adaptive study designs and Bayesian meta-analysis methods; and third, emphasize more effective and truthful communication to the public about the evolving understanding of the often complex relationship between nutrition, lifestyle, and optimal health. C1 [Navia, Juan L.] McNeil Nutr LLC, Ft Washington, PA 19034 USA. [Byers, Tim] Univ Colorado, Aurora, CO USA. [Djordjevic, Darinka; Hentges, Eric] ILSI N Amer, Washington, DC USA. [King, Janet] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Klurfeld, David] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Llewellyn, Craig; Skrypec, Daniel] Kraft Gen Foods Inc, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. [Milner, John] NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Weed, Douglas] DLW Consulting Serv LLC, Kensington, MD USA. RP Navia, JL (reprint author), McNeil Nutr LLC, 601 Off Ctr Dr, Ft Washington, PA 19034 USA. EM jnavia@its.jnj.com FU Technical Committees on Food and Chemical Safety, Carbohydrates and Dietary Lipids of the North American Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI); American Meat Institute Foundation FX This work was supported by the Technical Committees on Food and Chemical Safety, Carbohydrates and Dietary Lipids of the North American Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI). ILSI North America is a public, non-profit foundation that provides a forum to advance understanding of scientific issues related to the nutritional quality and safety of the food supply by sponsoring research programs, educational seminars and workshops, and publications. ILSI North America receives support primarily from its industry membership. Partial financial contribution was provided by the American Meat Institute Foundation. We acknowledge Dr. Sanjiv Agarwal for his contributions to early drafts of this manuscript, and we thank Ms. Cheryl Toner for all of her help in finalizing this manuscript. We also acknowledge scientific input from all of the Committees' members and workshop speakers for their helpful suggestions during development of the 2008 workshop and review of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8398 J9 CRIT REV FOOD SCI JI Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. PY 2010 VL 50 SU 1 BP 1 EP 8 AR PII 930670477 DI 10.1080/10408398.2010.526825 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 689UL UT WOS:000284955300001 PM 21132578 ER PT J AU Russell, RM AF Russell, Robert M. TI Integration of Epidemiologic and Other Types of Data Into Dietary Reference Intake Development SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION LA English DT Review AB This article will examine issues in the use of epidemiologic and other types of data in dietary reference intake development, and offer an approach toward integration. In1994, the framework to determine revised dietary reference intakes (DRIs) was meant to incorporate the concept of risk reduction of chronic disease (Institute of Medicine, 1994). However, of the 19 estimated average requirements (EARs) that were established, none were able to be set on the basis of a chronic disease end point because of inadequacies in the available data. Adequate intake levels were partially determined by using disease end points for five nutrients: calcium (fracture rates), vitamin D (fracture rates), fluoride (dental carries), potassium (hypertension, kidney stones), and fiber (coronary heart disease). Using chronic disease end points was found to be difficult for setting individual nutrient DRIs for a number of reasons: Chronic diseases have long latencies in their development, which results in almost inevitable inconsistencies in the data and makes them difficult and expensive to study. Chronic diseases have numerous linkages to genetic and environmental factors. Risk of a chronic disease can never be brought to zero or reach 100% by any single nutritional intervention (Trumbo, 2008). The notion of attributable risk assumes that each factor is independent of every other factor, which is almost certainly not true. Foods are complex entities. Attributing a chronic disease (e.g., cancer) linkage of a food (e.g., vegetables) to a specific nutrient (e.g., carotene) contained in that food is fraught with uncertainty. Many studies on nutrients and chronic disease prevention were conducted as secondary prevention studies, rather than primary prevention studies. Extrapolation of the results of a secondary prevention study to primary prevention of a disease cannot be done and the results cannot, therefore, be translated into a public health recommendation. Intervention studies on nutrients and chronic disease prevention have generally used single nutrients or a small number of combined nutrients. Such studies are expensive to conduct, and few have incorporated dose responses, which are a necessary component in DRI development. Because of the nature of the enumerated issues above, it can be concluded that prospective cohort studies can and do play a key and important role in initial hypothesis formation (as well as a confirmatory role) of chronic disease-nutrient linkages. However, such studies alone cannot yield definitive answers because of the uncertainties already mentioned that arise from long-term latency periods and from the multiple etiologic causative or modifying factors in chronic disease development. Results from prospective cohort studies (and, less importantly, observational epidemiologic studies) must be combined with evidence from experimental, animal, and small-scale, randomized, controlled clinical studies, which have used verified biomarkers of effect (i.e., biomarkers in the pathway of, or predictive of, chronic disease development) as end points (Institute of Medicine, 2008). Such biomarkers as effectors or predictors of chronic disease would have previously been demonstrated in prospective cohort and clinical intervention studies. Verified biomarkers of effect require an understanding of metabolic trafficking and can be enormously useful for decreasing the cost of studies, for providing early answers, and for studying dose-response relationships. In addition, such biomarkers should be safe to use in large-scale studies and in public helth interventions. The interplay between the various types of studies will be an essential part of future DRI development. Thus, the results from several different types of studies (experimental, epidemiologic, and clinical) should be moving in the same direction with consistency, to be useful for determining DRIs for individual nutrients. In most cases, it would not be necessary to perform large-scale, randomized, and controlled nutrient-intervention trials. This gold standard type of study should be applied very selectively and only for questions of extreme public health relevance, and after a synthesis of data from all of the other various types of studies has been performed. Systematic reviews, to include meta-analysis, should always be used to complete such a synthesis (Lichtenstein et al., 2008), both in the process of designing costly intervention trials and during the DRI development process itself. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Russell, RM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8398 J9 CRIT REV FOOD SCI JI Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. PY 2010 VL 50 SU 1 BP 33 EP 34 AR PII 930663810 DI 10.1080/10408398.2010.526879 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 689UL UT WOS:000284955300013 ER PT J AU Barrett, DM Beaulieu, JC Shewfelt, R AF Barrett, Diane M. Beaulieu, John C. Shewfelt, Rob TI Color, Flavor, Texture, and Nutritional Quality of Fresh-Cut Fruits and Vegetables: Desirable Levels, Instrumental and Sensory Measurement, and the Effects of Processing SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE fresh-cut; fruit; vegetable; quality; color; texture; flavor; nutrients ID MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE; SHELF-LIFE; STORAGE TEMPERATURES; VACUUM IMPREGNATION; CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE; TISSUE DISRUPTION; METHYL JASMONATE; ETHANOL VAPOR; APPLE SLICES; CUCUMIS-MELO AB The color, flavor, texture, and the nutritional value of fresh-cut fruit and vegetable products are factors critical to consumer acceptance and the success of these products. In this chapter, desirable and undesirable quality attributes of fresh-cut fruit and vegetable products are reviewed. Both instrumental and sensory measurements for determining these critical quality attributes are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of sensory and instrumental quality measurements are described. A review of typical unit operations involved in the production of fresh-cut products is presented. The effects of fresh-cut processing techniques and treatments on sensory quality, including the appearance, texture, flavor (taste and aroma) of vegetables, and fruits are detailed. C1 [Barrett, Diane M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Beaulieu, John C.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. [Shewfelt, Rob] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Barrett, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. OI Beaulieu, John/0000-0001-7767-5901 NR 133 TC 72 Z9 79 U1 19 U2 124 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8398 EI 1549-7852 J9 CRIT REV FOOD SCI JI Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 369 EP 389 DI 10.1080/10408391003626322 PG 21 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 588XO UT WOS:000277108200001 PM 20373184 ER PT J AU Schaad, NW Schuenzel, E AF Schaad, N. W. Schuenzel, E. TI Sensitive Molecular Diagnostic Assays to Mitigate the Risks of Asymptomatic Bacterial Diseases of Plants SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant bacteria; risks; molecular diagnosis ID BIO-PCR TECHNIQUE; POTATO-TUBERS; HYBRIDIZATION; PHASEOLICOLA; MANURE AB Our highly concentrated monoculture makes crops vulnerable to pests and diseases. An increase in emerging non-indigenous bacterial diseases poses a real threat to US agriculture. The United States has 100,000 miles of shoreline and 6,000 miles of border, making possible easy introduction of crop pests and diseases. Most threatening to crops are the cross-domain enteric bacteria. In contrast to animals, crops have hundreds of major diseases and development of molecular-based detection protocols for each pathogen is impossible with current technology. Rathayibacter toxicus, a neurotoxin-producing bacterium transmitted by a seed gall nematode, is an example of a high-risk Select Agent. The bacterium infects seeds of grasses without showing any symptoms, often resulting in the death of grazing cattle. A prerequisite for the control of any disease is sensitive detection and proper identification of the causal organism. Detecting bacteria in samples of plants showing symptoms is relatively simple, whereas detection in asymptomatic tissues is difficult due to the extremely low numbers of the target pathogen present. Rapid serological assays work well with symptomatic tissues but not from asymptomatic tissue when bacteria levels are below sensitivity limits. Classical agar-plating assays are 1,000 fold more sensitive then serology or PCR. However, agar plating assays take from 3 to 5 days and require pathogenicity tests to confirm the identity PCR-based assays allow for rapid, accurate identification but are insensitive due to use of 1 mu L sample in comparison to 100 mu L used for agar plating. To overcome this disadvantage, an enrichment technique termed BIO-PCR can be used in combination with agar plating for detection with asymptomatic tissues. The key to developing a successful BIO-PCR protocol is to determine the time required for development of pin point-size colonies to appear. For most plant pathogens 15 to 24 hours is sufficient time, whereas for the cross-domain bacteria only 1 to 2 hours is needed. For greater sensitivity, BIO-PCR can be combined with 96-well microliter plates with membranes to detect a single viable cell per 10 mL of an aqueous sample. C1 [Schaad, N. W.; Schuenzel, E.] USDA, ARS, Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Schaad, NW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. EM norman.schaad@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1040-8401 J9 CRIT REV IMMUNOL JI Crit. Rev. Immunol. PY 2010 VL 30 IS 3 BP 271 EP 275 PG 5 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 590BD UT WOS:000277197400004 PM 20370634 ER PT J AU Bock, CH Poole, GH Parker, PE Gottwald, TR AF Bock, C. H. Poole, G. H. Parker, P. E. Gottwald, T. R. TI Plant Disease Severity Estimated Visually, by Digital Photography and Image Analysis, and by Hyperspectral Imaging SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE plant disease assessment; variance; error; image analysis; hyperspectral imagery; remote sensing ID COMMON ROOT-ROT; HORSFALL-BARRATT SCALE; CITRUS CANKER; POWDERY MILDEW; WINTER-WHEAT; AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY; VEGETATION INDEXES; YIELD LOSS; LEAF-SPOT; ZEA-MAYS AB Reliable, precise and accurate estimates of disease severity are important for predicting yield loss, monitoring and forecasting epidemics, for assessing crop germplasm for disease resistance, and for understanding fundamental biological processes including co-evolution. Disease assessments that are inaccurate and/or imprecise might lead to faulty conclusions being drawn from the data, which in turn can lead to incorrect actions being taken in disease management decisions. Plant disease can be quantified in several different ways. This review considers plant disease severity assessment at the scale of individual plant parts or plants, and describes our current understanding of the sources and causes of assessment error, a better understanding of which is required before improvements can be targeted. The review also considers how these can be identified using various statistical tools. Indeed, great strides have been made in the last thirty years in identifying the sources of assessment error inherent to visual rating, and this review highlights ways that assessment errors can be reducedparticularly by training raters or using assessment aids. Lesion number in relation to area infected is known to influence accuracy and precision of visual estimatesthe greater the number of lesions for a given area infected results in more overestimation. Furthermore, there is a widespread tendency to overestimate disease severity at low severities (10%). Both interrater and intrarater reliability can be variable, particularly if training or rating aids are not used. During the last eighty years acceptable accuracy and precision of visual disease assessments have often been achieved using disease scales, particularly because of the time they allegedly save, and the ease with which they can be learned, but recent work suggests there can be some disadvantages to their use. This review considers new technologies that offer opportunity to assess disease with greater objectivity (reliability, precision, and accuracy). One of these, visible light photography and digital image analysis has been increasingly used over the last thirty years, as software has become more sophisticated and user-friendly. Indeed, some studies have produced very accurate estimates of disease using image analysis. In contrast, hyperspectral imagery is relatively recent and has not been widely applied in plant pathology. Nonetheless, it offers interesting and potentially discerning opportunities to assess disease. As plant disease assessment becomes better understood, it is against the backdrop of concepts of reliability, precision and accuracy (and agreement) in plant pathology and measurement science. This review briefly describes these concepts in relation to plant disease assessment. Various advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches to disease assessment are described. For each assessment method some future research priorities are identified that would be of value in better understanding the theory of disease assessment, as it applies to improving and fully realizing the potential of image analysis and hyperspectral imagery. C1 [Bock, C. H.] USDA ARS, SEFNTRL, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Poole, G. H.; Gottwald, T. R.] USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Parker, P. E.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Edinburg, TX USA. RP Bock, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, SEFNTRL, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM clive.bock@ars.usda.gov NR 261 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 14 U2 112 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0735-2689 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PY 2010 VL 29 IS 2 BP 59 EP 107 AR PII 919760769 DI 10.1080/07352681003617285 PG 49 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 594FA UT WOS:000277518400001 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Johnson, RC Barker, RE Jenderek, MM Papadopoulos, YA Cherney, JH AF Casler, M. D. Johnson, R. C. Barker, R. E. Jenderek, M. M. Papadopoulos, Y. A. Cherney, J. H. TI Feasibility of Seed Production from Nonflowering Orchardgrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA L; LOLIUM-PERENNE L.; MADS-BOX GENES; VERNALIZATION RESPONSE; WHEAT; TEMPERATURE; REQUIREMENT; CEREALS; GROWTH; RICE AB Nonflowering or sparse flowering orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) would greatly simplify management of intensive rotational grazing systems. Our objective was to quantify seed production on nonflowering orcharclgrass clones selected in cold-winter climates, but grown for seed in mild-winter climates. We evaluated 98 orcharclgrass clones for seed production traits at four locations. Most plants (similar to 92%) flowered at the three northern locations, but only 38% flowered at Parlier, which may have a winter insufficiently cold for adequate floral induction and vernalization. Mean panicle number was lowest (11%) for plants selected at the location with the warmest winter conditions, and highest (37%) for plants selected at the location with the coldest winter conditions. These results confirm our expectations that the most desirable plants (nonflowering under cold winters and normal flowering under mild winters) should arise from selection under more severe winters. Selection for nonflowering under mild winter conditions simply leads to nonflowering plants under all conditions. These results demonstrate that individual orchardgrass genotypes are capable of dual phenotypic expression, flowering in mild-winter climates or expressing the nonflowering trait in cold-winter climates and that the expression of this trait depends on both the selection and evaluation location. C1 [Casler, M. D.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Johnson, R. C.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Barker, R. E.] Appl Grass Genet, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Jenderek, M. M.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Papadopoulos, Y. A.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Truro, NS B2N 5Z3, Canada. [Cherney, J. H.] Cornell Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdcasler@wisc.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 50 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.02.0094 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546VN UT WOS:000273842000004 ER PT J AU Yu, JB Bai, GH AF Yu, Jian-Bin Bai, Gui-Hua TI Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci for Long Coleoptile in Chinese Wheat Landrace Wangshuibai SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; BREAD WHEAT; WINTER-WHEAT; PLANT HEIGHT; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; DWARFING GENES; D-GENOME; LENGTH; EMERGENCE AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with long coleoptiles can be sown deeply for better seedling establishment in drought environments. A population of 139 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between a long-coleoptile Chinese landrace, Wangshuibai, and short-coleoptile U.S. wheat cultivar, Wheaton, were characterized for coleoptile length and plant height. Heritabilities for coleoptile length were high (h(2) > 0.82). Interval mapping identified six significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) on 1B, 3D, 4DS, 4DL, 5AS, and 513 for coleoptile length; four of them, on 3D, 4DS, 4DL, and 5AS, showed pleiotropic effects on plant height. One major QTL for long coleoptile was mapped on the locus Rht-D1 (Rht2) for reduced height (Rht) on chromosome 4DS and explained up to 65% of phenotypic variation for coleoptile length. Another major QTL was located on 4DL and explained up to 33% of phenotypic variation for coleoptile length. Standard height allele RhtD1a from Wangshuibai appeared to have an epistatic effect on the 4DL QTL for long coleoptile. Other QTL showed only a minor effect. Although Rht-D1a explained a major portion of genetic variation for long coleoptile in Wangshuibai, a combination of Rht-D1a in Wangshuibai with gibberellic acid (GA)-sensitive Rht genes for reduced wheat height from other sources should be able to select long coleoptiles, semi-dwarf cultivars in wheat breeding programs for which long coleoptile is a breeding objective. C1 [Bai, Gui-Hua] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, PSERU, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Yu, Jian-Bin] Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, PSERU, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gbai@ksu.edu FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Coordinated Agricultural Project [2006-55606-16629] FX We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Dr. WenChun Zhou and Frederic Kolb, University of Illinois, for RIL population. Research is partly funded by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Coordinated Agricultural Project grant number 2006-55606-16629. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 50 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.02.0065 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546VN UT WOS:000273842000005 ER PT J AU Sun, XC Bai, GH Carver, BF Bowden, R AF Sun, Xiaochun Bai, Guihua Carver, Brett F. Bowden, Robert TI Molecular Mapping of Wheat Leaf Rust Resistance Gene Lr42 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-TAUSCHII; WINTER-WHEAT; BREAD WHEAT; PHYSIOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION; PUCCINIA-TRITICINA; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; UNITED-STATES; MAP; REGISTRATION; POPULATIONS AB Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks., is an important foliar disease of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Leaf rust resistance gene Lr42 from Aegilops tauschii Coss has been used as a source of rust resistance in breeding programs. To identify molecular markers closely linked to Lr42, a segregating population, of near-isogenic lines contrasting for the presence of Lr42 was developed in the hard winter wheat cultivar Century background and evaluated for rust infection type at both seedling and adult-plant stages. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were screened using bulked-segregant analysis. Two markers closely linked to Lr42 were identified on chromosome 1DS. The closest marker, Xwmc432, is about 0.8 cM from Lr42. Physical mapping of both SSR markers using Chinese Spring nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic genetic stocks confirmed that the markers lined to Lr42 were on 1DS. Markers for Lr42 were highly polymorphic between parents and among a diverse set of wheat parents and among a diverse set of wheat germplasm collected from several countries, indicating that these markers are useful for marker-assisted selection for Lr42. C1 [Bai, Guihua; Bowden, Robert] USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Sun, Xiaochun] Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Carver, Brett F.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM guihua.bai@ars.usda.gov RI Bowden, Robert/E-3268-2013; Sun, Xiaochun/J-8596-2014 OI Bowden, Robert/0000-0001-9419-6574; Sun, Xiaochun/0000-0001-5395-2580 FU National Research Initiative of USDAs Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-55606-16629] FX Nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic genetic stocks were kindly provided by the Wheat Genetics and Genomics Resources Center of Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. This project was partly funded by the National Research Initiative of USDAs Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, CAP grant number 2006-55606-16629. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This is contribution No. 09-096-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, KS, USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 50 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.01.0049 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546VN UT WOS:000273842000007 ER PT J AU Robins, JG Brummer, EC AF Robins, Joseph G. Brummer, E. Charles TI QTL Underlying Self-Fertility in Tetraploid Alfalfa SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MODEL SELECTION; INCOMPATIBILITY; POPULATIONS; CLONES; L. AB A potential strategy to decrease the levels of self-seed production during the seed increase stages of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) synthetic cultivar development is selection for decreased self-fertility. The underlying genetics of this trait have not been elucidated and, therefore, a study was designed to identify genetic determinants of alfalfa self-fertility. An F(1) mapping population developed by crossing parents representing Medicago sativa subsp. falcata and M. sativa subsp. sativa was characterized for self-fertility in a greenhouse during the winter of 1999. Traits representing self-fertility were measured and then mapped to the resulting genetic maps of both parents. Heritability values for each trait were high, suggesting genetic factors are important for their expression. Quantitative trait loci for self-fertility traits were identified on linkage groups (LGs) 2 and 4 from the falcata parent and LGs 4 and 8 of the sativa parent. C1 [Robins, Joseph G.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Brummer, E. Charles] Univ Georgia, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Brummer, E. Charles] Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Robins, JG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Joseph.Robins@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NRI [97-35300-4573]; USDA-IFAFS [00-52100-9611]; Hatch Regional Research [NE-1010]; Iowa State University Plant Sciences Institute Fellowship FX This research was supported by USDA-NRI (97-35300-4573), USDA-IFAFS (00-52100-9611), and Hatch Regional Research project NE-1010 (all to E.C.B.) and an Iowa State University Plant Sciences Institute Fellowship (to J.G.R.). NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 50 IS 1 BP 143 EP 149 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.02.0104 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546VN UT WOS:000273842000016 ER PT J AU Girdthai, T Jogloy, S Kesmala, T Vorasoot, N Akkasaeng, C Wongkaew, S Holbrook, CC Patanothai, A AF Girdthai, T. Jogloy, S. Kesmala, T. Vorasoot, N. Akkasaeng, C. Wongkaew, S. Holbrook, C. C. Patanothai, A. TI Relationship between Root Characteristics of Peanut in Hydroponics and Pot Studies SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L; PHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; DROUGHT RESISTANCE; GROWTH; GENOTYPES; GROUNDNUT; YIELD; TOLERANCE; RESPONSES; SELECTION AB A large root system can be an important character for drought tolerance. Measuring root characteristics in soil medium is tedious, time consuming, and labor intensive. The objective of this study was to determine the association between root characteristics of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in hydroponics and in pot experiments. Twelve peanut genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in a hydroponics study, a small pot, and a large pot experiment. The studies were conducted in two years during 2004-2005. Shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio, root length, root surface, average diameter of roots, and root volume were measured. Tifton-8 and 'KK 60-3' had consistently higher values for all root characteristics compared to the other genotypes. Root characteristics of peanut genotypes grown in hydroponics were positively correlated with those of peanut genotypes grown in pot conditions. The results suggested that assessment of root characteristics of peanut in hydroponics for possible drought tolerance could replace the assessment in soil medium conditions. C1 [Girdthai, T.; Jogloy, S.; Kesmala, T.; Vorasoot, N.; Akkasaeng, C.; Patanothai, A.] Khon Kaen Univ, Dep Plant Sci & Agr Resources, Fac Agr, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. [Wongkaew, S.] Suranaree Univ Technol, Sch Crop Prod Technol, Inst Agr Technol, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. [Holbrook, C. C.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Jogloy, S (reprint author), Khon Kaen Univ, Dep Plant Sci & Agr Resources, Fac Agr, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. EM sanun@kku.ac.th FU Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program [PHD/0208/2545] FX The authors are grateful for the financial support of the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (grant no. PHD/0208/2545) and the Senior Research Scholar Project of Professor Dr. Aran Patanothai under the Thailand Research Fund, and also the support in part by the Peanut Improvement Project of Khon Kaen University. We are very thankful to the many people who assisted in data collection and processing. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 50 IS 1 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.09.0529 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546VN UT WOS:000273842000018 ER PT J AU Johnson, RC Johnston, WJ Bertoli, FB Golob, CT AF Johnson, R. C. Johnston, W. J. Bertoli, F. B. Golob, C. T. TI Seed Yield, Development, and Variation in Diverse Poa pratensis Accessions SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; REGISTRATION; FLOW AB Post-harvest residue removal is critical for high seed production of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Previous work showed some accessions have little yield reduction with mechanical removal of post-harvest residue compared with the controversial practice of open-field burning. Using 10 of these accessions, our objectives were (i) to relate seed yield and yield components in spaced plants to yield in row-seeded plots, (ii) to link yield to growth and development factors, and (iii) to determine variation for seed production factors among accessions. Seed yield, seeds per panicle, panicle number, weight per seed, heading, anthesis, and harvest dates showed strong accession differences on spaced plants in 2002 and 2003. Yields in row-seeded plots from 1998 and 1999 data were consistently correlated with yield per plant per area in spaced plants in 2002 (r = 0.75, P < 0.05) and 2003 (r = 0.90, P < 0.01). Turf quality was negatively correlated with yield per plant per area in 2002 and 2003 but was not consistently correlated with yield components. Days from heading to anthesis consistently correlated with yield per plant per area in 2002 (r = 0.81, P < 0.01) and 2003 (r = 0.85, P < 0.01). Variation for seed yield and yield components was observed within accessions both years and differed among accessions. The results show that seed yield per plant per area in spaced plants may be a useful predictor of yield in field stands and that a long heading to anthesis period promotes seeds per panicle and seed yield. C1 [Johnson, R. C.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Bertoli, F. B.] Monsanto Co, Milan, Italy. RP Johnson, RC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Box 646402, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rcjohnson@wsu.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 50 IS 1 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.01.0040 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546VN UT WOS:000273842000037 ER PT J AU Jung, HG Phillips, RL AF Jung, H. G. Phillips, R. L. TI Putative Seedling Ferulate Ester (sfe) Maize Mutant: Morphology, Biomass Yield, and Stover Cell Wall Composition and Rumen Degradability SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; 3 PERENNIAL GRASSES; DIETARY FIBER; STEM TISSUES; CROSS-LINKS; LIGNIN; ACID; POLYSACCHARIDES; DIGESTIBILITY; INTERNODES AB Ferulate cross-linking of lignin to arabinoxylan contributes to poor cell wall degradability of grass forages. We hypothesized that reduced ferulate ester deposition will result in formation of fewer ferulate cross links and improved degradability. Objectives were to determine if the putative seedling ferulate ester (sfe) maize (Zea mays L.) mutant, selected for reduced ferulate esters in seedling leaves, (i) exhibits reduced ferulate ethers; (ii) alters morphology, yield, and cell wall concentration and composition; and (iii) changes degradability. Four near-isogenic sfe lines and backcrosses to W23 were compared with the inbred W23 in replicated field trials. Leaf blade, sheath, and stem of immature (1-m plant height) and mature (silage) growth stages were analyzed for ferulate esters and ethers, cell wall concentration and composition, and in vitro rumen degradability. The sfe lines were taller and had greater internode cross-sectional area than W23. Plant yield was greater at silage maturity for sfe lines and backcross lines yielded more than sfe. Mature plant parts of sfe lines had lower ferulate ester concentrations than W23. At silage stage sfe lines had less ferulate ethers, small reductions in cell wall concentration, and shifts in composition. Immature samples were inconsistent for cell wall traits and backcross lines were generally intermediate, regardless of maturity. Cell wall degradability was higher for the sfe mutant as hypothesized. Reducing ferulate-mediated cross-linking of lignin to arabinoxylan in the cell walls of maize stove appears to be an effective strategy for improving cell wall degradability, and the sfe mutant may offer an opportunity to identify a gene controlling ferulate deposition in grasses. C1 [Jung, H. G.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jung, H. G.] US Dairy Forage Res Ctr Cluster, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jung, H. G.; Phillips, R. L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jung, HG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Cir, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Hans.Jung@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 50 IS 1 BP 403 EP 418 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.04.0191 PG 16 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546VN UT WOS:000273842000043 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Fisher, DS AF Burns, J. C. Fisher, D. S. TI Intake and Digestibility of Improved Selections of Tall Fescue and Orchardgrass Hays SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION; ENDOPHYTES; QUALITY; PERFORMANCE; PERSISTENCE; PASTURES; GROWTH AB Improved cool-season grass cultivars may add production potential to ruminant enterprises across the North-South transition zone. Quality among hays of 'MaxQ' ('Jesup' with novel endophyte), HM4 ('HiMag' with novel endophyte No. 4) and 'Cajun' (without endophyte) tall fescues [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] and 'Persist' orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) was evaluated. Forage was harvested in the flag-leaf stage in three of 4 yr and a regrowth (late flag-leaf to heads-emerging stage) in 1 yr. Goats (four trials) consumed MaxQ, HM4, and Persist similarly (P = 0.12; mean = 2.49 kg 100(-1) kg body weight [BW]) and Cajun least (P < 0.01; mean = 1.62 kg x 100(-1) kg BW). Apparent digestibility was similar among tall fescues (P >= 0.07; mean = 609 g kg(-1)), but MaxQ and Cajun were greater than Persist (P <= 0.05; mean = 610 and 623 vs. 582 g kg(-1)). Digestible dry matter intake (DMI) was similar among MaxQ, HM4, and Persist (P >= 0.09; mean 1.49 kg 100(-1) kg BW). Steers (three trials and Cajun not evaluated) consumed more Persist than MaxQ (P = 0.01; 2.40 vs. 2.14 kg 100(-1) kg BW) or HM4 (P = 0.01; 1.98 kg 100(-1) kg BW). MaxQ had greater apparent digestibility than HM4 (P = 0.01) or Persist (P = 0.04; 626 vs. 585 vs. 597 g kg(-1), respectively) but digestible DMI of MaxQ and Persist was similar (P = 0.12; mean = 1.39 kg 100(-1) kg BW). Improved tall fescue cultivars, with novel endophyte, offer the ruminant producer a cool-season forage of similar quality as orchardgrass for their enterprise. C1 [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fisher, D. S.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM joe.burns@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 50 IS 1 BP 419 EP 426 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.03.0157 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546VN UT WOS:000273842000044 ER PT J AU Sauve, AK Huntington, GB Whisnant, CS Burns, JC AF Sauve, A. K. Huntington, G. B. Whisnant, C. S. Burns, J. C. TI Intake, Digestibility, and Nitrogen Balance of Steers Fed Gamagrass Baleage Topdressed at Two Rates of Nitrogen and Harvested at Sunset and Sunrise SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATING GHRELIN CONCENTRATIONS; DRY-MATTER INTAKE; DACTYLON L PERS; BEEF STEERS; TALL FESCUE; EASTERN GAMAGRASS; DIGESTA KINETICS; VOLUNTARY INTAKE; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; ENDOPHYTE-FREE AB Maximum diurnal accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in warm-season grasses is an economic way of increasing hay quality; however, in the humid East, haymaking is difficult. This study evaluated gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.), topdressed with either 56 (LO) or 168 (HI) kg N ha(-1), direct baled after mowing in the afternoon (PM/LO and PM/HI) or morning (AM/LO and AM/HI), wrapped with plastic film, and conserved as baleage. The four baleage treatments were evaluated by steers for dry matter intake (DMI), digestibility, and N retention. Neither harvest time nor N rate altered DMI (mean = 1.87 kg 100(-1) kg body weight). Digestion was similar between PM and AM baleage but greater (P = 0.05) for HI vs. LO N rate (536 vs. 506 g kg(-1)) as was cellulose digestion (P = 0.02; 656 vs. 617 g kg(-1)). The digestion of crude protein was greater (P = 0.01) in the AM vs. PM baleage (519 vs. 443 g kg(-1)) and greater (P = 0.02) in HI vs. LO N rate (520 vs. 441 g kg(-1)). Fermentations differed (P < 0.01) between PM and AM baleage, as pH averaged 5.4 and 4.5, respectively. Greatest (P < 0.01) amounts of alcohols and least fatty acids occurred in PM baleage and N rate reduced (P < 0.01) alcohols but increased fatty acids. Total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) prebaling was 120 g kg(-1) in the PM and 97 g kg(-1) in the AM, but baleage averaged < 38 g kg(-1) and explains the lack of steer response to the PM harvest. Gamagrass preserved well as baleage and was readily consumed, but the TNC fraction was not preserved. C1 [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Sauve, A. K.; Huntington, G. B.; Whisnant, C. S.; Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Joe.Burns@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 50 IS 1 BP 427 EP 437 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.02.0105 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546VN UT WOS:000273842000045 ER PT J AU Hunter, WJ Shaner, DL AF Hunter, William J. Shaner, Dale L. TI Biological Remediation of Groundwater Containing Both Nitrate and Atrazine SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VEGETABLE-OIL AB Due to its high usage, mobility, and recalcitrant nature, atrazine is a common groundwater contaminant. Moreover, groundwaters that are contaminated with atrazine often contain nitrate as well. Nitrate interferes with the biological degradation of atrazine and makes it more difficult to use in situ biological methods to remediate atrazine contaminated groundwater. To solve this problem we used two reactors in sequence as models of in situ biobarriers; the first was a vegetable-oil-based denitrifying biobarrier and the second an aerobic reactor that oxygenated the denitrifying reactor's effluent. The reactors were inoculated with an atrazine-degrading microbial consortium and supplied with water containing 5 mg l(-1) nitrate-N and 3 mg l(-1) atrazine. Our hypothesis was that the denitrifying barrier would remove nitrate from the flowing water and that the downstream reaction would remove atrazine. Our hypothesis proved correct; the two reactor system removed 99.9% of the atrazine during the final 30 weeks of the study. The denitrifying barrier removed similar to 98% of the nitrate and similar to 30% of the atrazine while the aerobic reactor removed similar to 70% of the initial atrazine. The system continued to work when the amount of nitrate-N in the influent water was increased to 50 mg l(-1). A mercury poisoning study blocked the degradation of atrazine indicating that biological processes were involved. An in situ denitrifying barrier coupled with an air injection system or other oxygenation process might be used to remove both nitrate and atrazine from contaminated groundwater or to protect groundwater from an atrazine spill. C1 [Hunter, William J.; Shaner, Dale L.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hunter, WJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2150 D Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM william.hunter@ars.usda.gov; dale.shaner@ars.usda.gov OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 11 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 60 IS 1 BP 42 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s00284-009-9499-3 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 534RN UT WOS:000272915100008 PM 19756863 ER PT J AU Majid, H Kao, C AF Majid, Hashir Kao, Christina TI Utility of exhaled nitric oxide in the diagnosis and management of asthma SO CURRENT OPINION IN PULMONARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE asthma; diagnosis; fraction of nitric oxide in exhaled air; management ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; REFERENCE VALUES; YOUNG-ADULTS; INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS; CONVENTIONAL TESTS; POPULATION-SAMPLE; DIFFICULT ASTHMA; MILD ASTHMA AB Purpose of review The fraction of nitric oxide in exhaled air (FeNO) is elevated in the presence of airway inflammation, and it may be a useful biomarker in asthma. The purpose of the present review is to highlight the current literature investigating the use of exhaled nitric oxide in the diagnosis and management of asthma. Recent findings The measurement of exhaled nitric oxide has been studied in normal populations and in asthmatics. FeNO appears to be a useful screening tool for asthma, although nondisease factors may confound the interpretation of an elevated FeNO level. Clinical trials investigating the use of FeNO measurements in predicting asthma exacerbation and tailoring maintenance therapy have had varying success. Further studies incorporating individualized FeNO profiles into treatment algorithms are needed. Summary FeNO shows promise as a tool in the diagnosis and treatment of asthma. However, further studies are needed to address outstanding questions about its exact role in guiding asthma management. C1 [Majid, Hashir; Kao, Christina] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Sect Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kao, Christina] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Kao, C (reprint author), 1100 Bates St,7th Floor, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ck692121@bcm.tmc.edu NR 63 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1070-5287 J9 CURR OPIN PULM MED JI Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 42 EP 47 DI 10.1097/MCP.0b013e328332ca46 PG 6 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 537LD UT WOS:000273113500008 PM 19797954 ER PT J AU Sutton, WB Wang, Y Schweitzer, CJ AF Sutton, W. B. Wang, Y. Schweitzer, C. J. TI Habitat relationships of reptiles in pine beetle disturbed forests of Alabama, USA with guidelines for a modified drift-fence sampling method SO CURRENT ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE William B. Bankhead National Forest; Canonical Correspondence Analysis; Dendroctonus frontalis; Drift-fence; Arrays; Reptiles; Southern Pine Beetle ID MISSOURI OZARK FORESTS; HERPETOFAUNAL COMMUNITY; PRESCRIBED FIRE; AMPHIBIANS; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; MICROHABITAT; REGENERATION; WILDERNESS; DIVERSITY AB Understanding vertebrate habitat relationships is important to promote management strategies for the longterm conservation of many species. Using a modified drift fence method, we sampled reptiles and compared habitat variables within the William B. Bankhead National Forest (BNF) in Alabama, U.S.A from April 2005 to June 2006. We captured 226 individual reptiles representing 19 species during 564 total trap nights. We used canonical correspondence analysis to examine habitat associations for the reptiles sampled and we detected a distinct habitat gradient ranging from sites with greater litter depth and percent canopy cover to more open sites with greater woody, herbaceous, and coarse woody debris (CWD) coverage, and CWD volume. Little brown skinks Scincella lateralis and eastern worm snakes Carphophis a. amoenus were associated with sites with greater litter depth and canopy cover, whereas eastern fence lizards Sceloporus undulatus, copperheads Agkistrodon contortrix, and gray ratsnakes Pantherophis spiloides were associated with sites possessing greater CWD coverage and volume. We found that disturbances due to the southern pine beetle Dendroctonus frontalis were likely important for influencing reptile distributions through the creation of canopy gaps and fallen coarse woody debris. Compared to other studies, our modified drift-fence trap technique was successful for sampling larger snake species (66 snakes in 564 trap nights). We have also provided detailed schematics for constructing drift fence array and box traps used in this study [Current Zoology 56 (4): 411-420, 2010]. C1 [Sutton, W. B.; Wang, Y.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Schweitzer, C. J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP Sutton, WB (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM billsutton.wv@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station; National Science Foundation; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX We thank R. Sisk, J. Rice, and S. Clark of the U. S. Forest Service and Alabama A&M University students for help with trap construction and installation. Also, we thank M. Bolus for field assistance and Z. Felix, M. Bailey, and J. Sutton for helpful comments regarding trap construction and J. Zak, J. Carpenter, and L. Gardner Barillas for helpful comments on the manuscript. Funds for this study were provided by the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station and the National Science Foundation. In addition, we thank the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for providing an EPA STAR fellowship for WBS. This manuscript was greatly improved by the comments from three anonymous reviewers. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU CURRENT ZOOLOGY PI BEIJING PA CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES, INST ZOOLOGY, BEICHEN XILU, CHAOYANG DISTRICT, BEIJING, 100101, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-5507 J9 CURR ZOOL JI Curr. Zool. PY 2010 VL 56 IS 4 BP 411 EP 420 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 619AS UT WOS:000279399300005 ER PT B AU Sanders, NJ Dunn, RR Fitzpatrick, MC Carlton, CE Pogue, MR Parker, CR Simons, TR AF Sanders, Nathan J. Dunn, Robert R. Fitzpatrick, Matthew C. Carlton, Christopher E. Pogue, Michael R. Parker, Charles R. Simons, Theodore R. BE Spehn, EM Korner, C TI Diverse Elevational Diversity Gradients in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA SO DATA MINING FOR GLOBAL TRENDS IN MOUNTAIN BIODIVERSITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPECIES-RICHNESS PATTERNS; VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY; LEAF-LITTER ANTS; ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT; GEOMETRID MOTHS; GLOBAL PATTERNS; RAIN-FOREST; COSTA-RICA; CLIMATE; ENERGY C1 [Sanders, Nathan J.; Fitzpatrick, Matthew C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dunn, Robert R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Carlton, Christopher E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Pogue, Michael R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC USA. [Parker, Charles R.] US Geol Survey, Great Smokies Field Stn, Gatlinburg, TN USA. [Simons, Theodore R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, USGS NC Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sanders, NJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Fitzpatrick, Matthew/F-7620-2010 OI Fitzpatrick, Matthew/0000-0003-1911-8407 NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8370-5; 978-1-4200-8369-9 PY 2010 BP 75 EP 87 PG 13 WC Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BD3TE UT WOS:000360131200011 ER PT J AU Sen, TZ Harper, LC Schaeffer, ML Andorf, CM Seigfried, TE Campbell, DA Lawrence, CJ AF Sen, Taner Z. Harper, Lisa C. Schaeffer, Mary L. Andorf, Carson M. Seigfried, Trent E. Campbell, Darwin A. Lawrence, Carolyn J. TI Choosing a genome browser for a Model Organism Database: surveying the Maize community SO DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION LA English DT Article AB As the B73 maize genome sequencing project neared completion, MaizeGDB began to integrate a graphical genome browser with its existing web interface and database. To ensure that maize researchers would optimally benefit from the potential addition of a genome browser to the existing MaizeGDB resource, personnel at MaizeGDB surveyed researchers' needs. Collected data indicate that existing genome browsers for maize were inadequate and suggest implementation of a browser with quick interface and intuitive tools would meet most researchers' needs. Here, we document the survey's outcomes, review functionalities of available genome browser software platforms and offer our rationale for choosing the GBrowse software suite for MaizeGDB. Because the genome as represented within the MaizeGDB Genome Browser is tied to detailed phenotypic data, molecular marker information, available stocks, etc., the MaizeGDB Genome Browser represents a novel mechanism by which the researchers can leverage maize sequence information toward crop improvement directly. Database URL: http://gbrowse.maizegdb.org/ C1 [Sen, Taner Z.; Andorf, Carson M.; Seigfried, Trent E.; Campbell, Darwin A.; Lawrence, Carolyn J.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sen, Taner Z.; Lawrence, Carolyn J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Bioinformat & Computat Biol Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Harper, Lisa C.] USDA ARS Plant Gene Express Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Harper, Lisa C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schaeffer, Mary L.] USDA ARS Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Schaeffer, Mary L.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Sen, TZ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM taner.sen@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; MaizeGDB Working Group; MaizeGDB Executive Committee; MaizeGDB Genome Browser; maize community FX United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. Funding for open access charge: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service.; We thank USDA-ARS for its sustained funding, past and present members of the MaizeGDB Working Group (Volker Brendel, Ed Buckler, Karen Cone, Mike Freeling, Owen Hoekenga, Anne-Francoise Lamblin, Thomas Lubberstedt, Karen McGinnis, Lukas Mueller, Mihai Pop, Marty Sachs, Pat Schnable, Tom Slezak, Anne Sylvester, and Doreen Ware), as well as the members of the MaizeGDB Executive Committee (Pat Schnable, Mary Alleman, Tom Brutnell, Sarah Hake, Jane Langdale, Jo Messing, Jean-Phillippe Vielle-Calzada, Anne Sylvester, William Tracy, Virginia Walbot, and Sue Wessler) for their direction, support, and inputs on this work. We also would like to thank the Genome Browser Guidance Group (Peter Balint-Kurti, Sarah Hake, Damon Lisch, Mike Muszynski, and Virginia Walbot) and Beta-testers (Alain Charcosset, Olivier Dugas, James Estill, David Hessel, Damon Lisch, Mike Muszynski, Paul Scott, Virginia Walbot, Rachel Wang, and Cesar Alvarez-Mejia), without whose comments and suggestions we could not have created an implementation of the MaizeGDB Genome Browser customized to support our users' needs. We thank the anonymous reviewers whose suggestions helped us improve this article. We very much appreciate the useful comments by Dr Patrick Armstrong. Last, but not least, we deeply appreciate and thank the maize community for their continuous support. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1758-0463 J9 DATABASE-OXFORD JI Database PY 2010 AR baq007 DI 10.1093/database/baq007 PG 9 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA V21ER UT WOS:000208191400010 ER PT J AU Cheng, S Massaro, JM Fox, CS Larson, MG Keyes, MJ McCabe, EL Robins, SJ O'Donnell, CJ Hoffmann, U Jacques, PF Booth, SL Vasan, RS Wolf, M Wang, TJ AF Cheng, Susan Massaro, Joseph M. Fox, Caroline S. Larson, Martin G. Keyes, Michelle J. McCabe, Elizabeth L. Robins, Sander J. O'Donnell, Christopher J. Hoffmann, Udo Jacques, Paul F. Booth, Sarah L. Vasan, Ramachandran S. Wolf, Myles Wang, Thomas J. TI Adiposity, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Vitamin D Status: The Framingham Heart Study SO DIABETES LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; METABOLIC SYNDROME; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; BODY-FAT; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; HYPOVITAMINOSIS-D; TISSUE VOLUMES AB OBJECTIVE-Because vitamin D deficiency is associated with a variety of chronic diseases, understanding the characteristics that promote vitamin D deficiency in otherwise healthy adults could have important clinical implications. Few studies relating vitamin D deficiency to obesity have included direct measures of adiposity. Furthermore, the degree to which vitamin D is associated with metabolic traits after adjusting for adiposity measures is unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-We investigated the relations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations with indexes of cardiometabolic risk in 3,890 nondiabetic individuals; 1,882 had subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volumes measured by multidetector computed tomography (CT). RESULTS-In multivariable-adjusted regression models, 25(OH)D was inversely associated with winter season, waist circumference, and serum insulin (P < 0.005 for all). In models further adjusted for CT measures, 25(OH)D was inversely related to SAT (-1.1 ng/ml per SD increment in SAT, P = 0.016) and VAT (-2.3 ng/ml per SD, P < 0.0001). The association of 25(OH)D with insulin resistance measures became nonsignificant after adjustment for VAT. Higher adiposity volumes were correlated with lower 25(OH)D across different categories of BMI, including in lean individuals (BMI <25 kg/m(2)). The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency (25[OH]D <20 ng/ml) was threefold higher in those with high SAT and high VAT than in those with low SAT and low VAT (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS-Vitamin D status is strongly associated with variation in subcutaneous and especially visceral adiposity. The mechanisms by which adiposity promotes vitamin D deficiency warrant further study. Diabetes 59:242-248, 2010 C1 [Cheng, Susan; Massaro, Joseph M.; Fox, Caroline S.; Larson, Martin G.; Keyes, Michelle J.; McCabe, Elizabeth L.; Robins, Sander J.; O'Donnell, Christopher J.; Vasan, Ramachandran S.; Wang, Thomas J.] Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. [Cheng, Susan; McCabe, Elizabeth L.; O'Donnell, Christopher J.; Wang, Thomas J.] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA USA. [Cheng, Susan] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Cardiovasc Med, Dept Med,Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Cheng, Susan] Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Clin Investigator Training Program, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Massaro, Joseph M.; Larson, Martin G.; Keyes, Michelle J.] Boston Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Fox, Caroline S.; O'Donnell, Christopher J.] NHLBI, Ctr Populat Studies, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Fox, Caroline S.] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Dept Med,Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Robins, Sander J.; Vasan, Ramachandran S.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Hoffmann, Udo] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Jacques, Paul F.; Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutrit Epidemiol Program, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Vasan, Ramachandran S.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA. [Wolf, Myles] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Div Nephrol & Hypertens, Dept Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. RP Wang, TJ (reprint author), Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. EM tjwang@partners.org OI Massaro, Joseph/0000-0002-2682-4812; Larson, Martin/0000-0002-9631-1254; Ramachandran, Vasan/0000-0001-7357-5970 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) [N01-HC-25195, R01-DK-80739]; American Heart Association FX This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) contract N01-HC-25195, R01-DK-80739, and a grant from the American Heart Association.; M.W. has received honoraria for educational presentations from Abbott Laboratories. T.J.W. has served on the scientific advisory board for DiaSorin. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.; We thank Karol Pencina, MS, for assistance with statistical analyses. NR 51 TC 203 Z9 213 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD JAN PY 2010 VL 59 IS 1 BP 242 EP 248 DI 10.2337/db09-1011 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 542DS UT WOS:000273472500031 PM 19833894 ER PT B AU Cao, HP AF Cao, Heping BE Watson, RR Zibadi, S Preedy, VR TI Cinnamon and Immune Actions: Potential Role in Tristetraprolin-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases SO DIETARY COMPONENTS AND IMMUNE FUNCTION SE Nutrition and Health Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Cancer; cinnamon; immunity; inflammation; insulin; macrophage; obesity; tristetraprolin ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; FACTOR MESSENGER-RNA; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; MOUSE 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS; HIGH-FRUCTOSE DIET; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; RECOMBINANT TRISTETRAPROLIN; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY C1 ARS, USDA, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cao, HP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Heping.Cao@ars.usda.gov NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-60761-060-1 J9 NUTR HEALTH SER JI Nutr. Health Ser. PY 2010 BP 553 EP 565 DI 10.1007/978-1-60761-061-8_30 D2 10.1007/978-1-60761-061-8 PG 13 WC Immunology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Immunology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BQK34 UT WOS:000281202700030 ER PT B AU Kweon, M Slade, L Levine, H AF Kweon, M. Slade, L. Levine, H. BE VanDerKamp, JW Jones, J McCleary, B Topping, D TI Exploration of low-glycemic-impact sugars and polyols in cookie baking, using SRC, DSC, and RVA SO DIETARY FIBRE: NEW FRONTIERS FOR FOOD AND HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Dietary Fibre Conference CY JUL 01-03, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Int Assoc Cereal Sci & Technol DE low-glycemic-impact sugars; polyols; SRC; DSC; RVA; cookie baking ID SNAP COOKIES; REPLACEMENT; QUALITY; INDEX; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; SUCROSE; FAT AB The anti-plasticising action of the high sucrose concentration in a cookie formula inhibits both gluten development during dough mixing and starch gelatinisation/pasting during baking. If alternative sugars and polyols with lower glycemic impact are used to replace sucrose, the resulting absence of readily digestible starch allows production of healthier cookies. For this study, sucrose (as a reference) and potential sucrose-replacing sugars (tagatose and ribose) and polyols (maltitol, lactitol, xylitol, and polydextrose) were used to explore the effects of sugar-replacer type on results from solvent retention capacity (SRC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Rapid Visco-Analyzer (RVA), and wire-cut cookie baking. DSC results showed retardation of starch gelatinisation, and RVA results showed retardation of the onset of starch pasting, both in the same order: water < ribose < tagatose < xylitol < sucrose <= maltitol < lactitol < polydextrose. Cookie-baking results showed that wire-cut cookies formulated with xylitol, tagatose, and ribose exhibited snap-back, diagnostic for gluten development during dough mixing. In contrast, cookies formulated with maltitol, lactitol, and especially polydextrose showed facilitated flow and elongation in the direction of sheeting. Notably, only for the cookies that exhibited snap-back, cookie height was inversely correlated with cookie length, but not with width. Among these potential sugar-replacers, maltitol and lactitol exhibited the most similar baking responses to those of sucrose, as demonstrated by time-lapse photography during baking. These results suggested that those polyols could be used most easily as sucrose substitutes, in order to produce traditional wire-cut cookies with lower glycemic impact. The baking behaviour of polydextrose was also sufficiently similar to that of sucrose, so that a blend of polydextrose with maltitol or lactitol could replace sucrose, with the additional benefit of a prebiotic soluble fibre. C1 [Kweon, M.; Slade, L.; Levine, H.] Ohio State Univ, ARS, USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab,Agr Res & Dev Ctr, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH USA. RP Kweon, M (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, ARS, USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab,Agr Res & Dev Ctr, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH USA. EM meera.kweon@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 12 PU WAGENINGEN ACAD PUBL PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-8686-692-2; 978-90-8686-128-6 PY 2010 BP 513 EP 528 PG 16 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BHW25 UT WOS:000326835300035 ER PT S AU Roecker, SM Thompson, JA AF Roecker, S. M. Thompson, J. A. BE Boettinger, JL Howell, DW Moore, AC Hartemink, AE KienastBrown, S TI Scale Effects on Terrain Attribute Calculation and Their Use as Environmental Covariates for Digital Soil Mapping SO DIGITAL SOIL MAPPING: BRIDGING RESEARCH, ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATION, AND OPERATION SE Progress in Soil Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Global Workshop on Digital Soil Mapping CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2008 CL Utah State Univ, Logan, UT SP Int Union Soil Sci Working Grp Digital Soil Mapping, US Dept Agr Nat Resources Conservat Serv HO Utah State Univ DE Digital elevation model; Terrain analysis; Scale; Resolution; Neighborhood size ID DEM RESOLUTION; CLASSIFICATION; SIZE AB The digital representation of the Earth's surface by terrain attributes is largely dependent on the scale at which they are computed. Typically the effects of scale on terrain attributes have only been investigated as a function of digital elevation model (DEM) grid size, rather than the neighborhood size over which they are computed. With high-resolution DEM now becoming more readily available, a multi-scale terrain analysis approach may be a more viable option to filter out the large amount short-range variation present within them, as opposed to coarsening the resolution of a DEM, and thereby more accurately represent soil-landscape processes. To evaluate this hypothesis, two examples are provided. The first study was designed to evaluate the systematic effects of varying both grid and neighborhood size on terrain attributes computed from LiDAR. In a second study, the objective was to examine how the correlations between soil and terrain attributes vary with neighborhood size, so as to provide an empirical measure of what neighborhood size may be most appropriate. Results suggest that the overall representation of the land surface by terrain attributes is specific to the land surface, but also that the terrain attributes vary independently in response to spatial extent over which they are computed. Results also indicate that finer grid sizes are more sensitive to the scale of terrain attribute calculation than larger grid sizes. For the soil properties examined in this study, slope curvatures produced the highest coefficients of correlation when calculated at neighborhood sizes between 117 and 189 m. C1 [Thompson, J. A.] West Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, POB 6108, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Roecker, S. M.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Victorville, CA 92392 USA. RP Thompson, JA (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, POB 6108, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM stephen.roecker@ca.usda.gov; james.thompson@mail.wvu.edu OI Roecker, Stephen/0000-0002-5376-9097 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-4774 BN 978-90-481-8863-5; 978-90-481-8862-8 J9 PROGR SOIL SCI PY 2010 VL 2 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8863-5_5 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Remote Sensing; Agriculture GA BG7AO UT WOS:000391133800005 ER PT S AU McKay, J Grunwald, S Shi, X Long, RF AF McKay, J. Grunwald, S. Shi, X. Long, R. F. BE Boettinger, JL Howell, DW Moore, AC Hartemink, AE KienastBrown, S TI Evaluation of the Transferability of a Knowledge-Based Soil-Landscape Model SO DIGITAL SOIL MAPPING: BRIDGING RESEARCH, ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATION, AND OPERATION SE Progress in Soil Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Global Workshop on Digital Soil Mapping CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2008 CL Utah State Univ, Logan, UT SP Int Union Soil Sci Working Grp Digital Soil Mapping, US Dept Agr Nat Resources Conservat Serv HO Utah State Univ DE Digital soil mapping; Transferability; Soil inference engine; Vermont; Knowledge-based ID SPATIAL PREDICTION; REFERENCE AREA; ELEVATION; REGION AB Knowledge-based digital soil mapping has been used extensively to predict soil taxonomic and physico-chemical soil characteristics. Fuzzy logic knowledge-based models allow explicit integration of knowledge and expertise from soil mappers familiar with a region. Questions remain about the transferability of soil-landscape models developed in one region to other regions. Objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate a knowledge-based model to predict soil series and fuzzy drainage classes and assess its transferability potential between similar soil landscapes in Essex County, Vermont. Two study areas, study area W1, 3.5 km(2) in size and study area W2, 1.9 km(2) in size, were sampled at 128 and 42 sites, respectively. Both study areas are located in Essex County, Vermont. Rule-based fuzzy inference was used based on fuzzy membership functions characterizing soil-environment relationships to create a model derived from expert knowledge. The model was implemented using the Soil Inference Engine (SIE), which provides tools and a user-friendly interface for soil scientists to prepare environmental data, define soil-environment models, run soil inference, and compile final map products. Defuzzified raster predictions were compared to field mapped soil series and fuzzy drainage class properties to assess their accuracy. In W1 the model was 73.7 and 88.8% accurate, respectively, in predicting soil series and fuzzy drainage classes using an independent validation set. InW2, similar results were achieved, with 71.4 and 89.9% accuracies, respectively. It was shown that the prediction model was transferable to a landscape with similar soil characteristics. For future soil prediction applications it is critical to identify constraints and thresholds that limit transferability of prediction models such as SIE to other soil-landscapes. C1 [McKay, J.; Long, R. F.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, 481 Summer St,Suite 202, St Johnsbury, VT 05819 USA. [Grunwald, S.] Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Shi, X.] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP McKay, J (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, 481 Summer St,Suite 202, St Johnsbury, VT 05819 USA. EM jessica.mckay@vt.usda.gov; sabgru@ufl.edu; xun.shi@dartmouth.edu; robert.long@vt.usda.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-4774 BN 978-90-481-8863-5; 978-90-481-8862-8 J9 PROGR SOIL SCI PY 2010 VL 2 BP 165 EP 177 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8863-5_14 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Remote Sensing; Agriculture GA BG7AO UT WOS:000391133800014 ER PT S AU Stum, AK Boettinger, JL White, MA Ramsey, RD AF Stum, A. K. Boettinger, J. L. White, M. A. Ramsey, R. D. BE Boettinger, JL Howell, DW Moore, AC Hartemink, AE KienastBrown, S TI Random Forests Applied as a Soil Spatial Predictive Model in Arid Utah SO DIGITAL SOIL MAPPING: BRIDGING RESEARCH, ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATION, AND OPERATION SE Progress in Soil Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Global Workshop on Digital Soil Mapping CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2008 CL Utah State Univ, Logan, UT SP Int Union Soil Sci Working Grp Digital Soil Mapping, US Dept Agr Nat Resources Conservat Serv HO Utah State Univ DE Soil components; Soil map units; Digital soil mapping; Digital elevation model; Satellite imagery AB We sought to predict soil classes by applying random forests (RF), a decision tree analysis, to predict 24 soil classes across an arid watershed of western Utah. Environmental covariates were derived from Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and digital elevation models (DEM). Random forests are similar to classification and regression trees (CART). However, RF is doubly random. Many (e.g., 500) weak trees are grown (trained) independently because each tree is trained with a new randomly selected bootstrap sample, and a random subset of variables is used to split each node. To train and validate the RF trees, 561 soil descriptions were made in the field. An additional 111 points were added by case-based reasoning using photo interpretation. As RF makes classification decisions from the mode of many independently grown trees, model uncertainty can be derived. Furthermore, the probability that a pixel belongs to one or more classes in the legend can be determined. The overall out of the bag (OOB) error for discrete classes was 55.2%. The confusion matrix revealed that four soils that frequently co-occurred on land-forms were frequently misclassified as each other. These soils were combined into six soil map units. To identify pixels that might belong to one of these newly created combinations of soil classes, minimum threshold probabilities were set. Employing probability by class can be an effective and objective method of determining membership in soil map unit associations and complexes mapped at the 1:24,000 scale. C1 [Stum, A. K.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, 340 North 600 East, Richfield, UT 84701 USA. [Boettinger, J. L.] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [White, M. A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Ramsey, R. D.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Stum, AK (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, 340 North 600 East, Richfield, UT 84701 USA. EM alex.stum@ut.usda.gov; janis.boettinger@usu.edu; mikew.usu@gmail.com; doug.ramsey@usu.edu NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-4774 BN 978-90-481-8863-5; 978-90-481-8862-8 J9 PROGR SOIL SCI PY 2010 VL 2 BP 179 EP 189 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8863-5_15 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Remote Sensing; Agriculture GA BG7AO UT WOS:000391133800015 ER PT S AU Moore, AC Howell, DW Haydu-Houdeshell, C Blinn, C Hempel, J Smith, D AF Moore, A. C. Howell, D. W. Haydu-Houdeshell, C. Blinn, C. Hempel, J. Smith, D. BE Boettinger, JL Howell, DW Moore, AC Hartemink, AE KienastBrown, S TI Building Digital Soil Mapping Capacity in the Natural Resources Conservation Service: Mojave Desert Operational Initiative SO DIGITAL SOIL MAPPING: BRIDGING RESEARCH, ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATION, AND OPERATION SE Progress in Soil Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Global Workshop on Digital Soil Mapping CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2008 CL Utah State Univ, Logan, UT SP Int Union Soil Sci Working Grp Digital Soil Mapping, US Dept Agr Nat Resources Conservat Serv HO Utah State Univ DE Digital soil mapping; Soil survey; Mojave Desert; Organizational change AB The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), within the context of the U.S. National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS), is working to integrate digital soil mapping methods with existing soil survey procedures. As this effort moves forward, it must address technological, managerial, and political challenges. To better understand these challenges and potential solutions, NRCS is establishing Digital Soil Mapping Operational Initiatives. These projects aim to demonstrate the utility of digital soil mapping in a production setting, provide training to soil scientists in digital soil mapping methods, contribute to completion of the initial soil survey or update of existing surveys, develop detailed instructions for implementing digital soil mapping methods, provide useful soil information products to complement existing soil survey data, and document methods and results. The first Operational Initiative was initiated at the Victorville, California Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) Soil Survey Office (SSO), which is responsible for the soil survey of Mojave Desert region. The immediate focus of this office is completing the initial soil survey for Joshua Tree National Park and adjacent private lands. Under the operational initiative umbrella, detailed digital data sets including IFSAR digital elevation models and an ASTER mosaic have been compiled. Derivatives from these and other data sets are being used to stratify the project area for sampling and modeling, and as inputs into continuous soil property predictive models. Model outputs will be used to develop Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) data products. Technical support for this project is provided by digital soil mapping soil scientists at the MLRA SSO the California State Office, and the National Geospatial Development Center, as well as other NRCS staff and NCSS cooperators. C1 [Moore, A. C.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, 339 Buschs Frontage Rd,Suite 301, Annapolis, MD 21409 USA. [Blinn, C.] Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, 216D Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Haydu-Houdeshell, C.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Victorville, CA 92392 USA. [Hempel, J.] Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Howell, D. W.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Arcata, CA 95518 USA. [Smith, D.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Moore, AC (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, 339 Buschs Frontage Rd,Suite 301, Annapolis, MD 21409 USA. EM amanda.moore@md.usda.gov; david@earthmapphoto.com; carrie-ann.houdeshell@ca.usda.gov; cblinn@vt.edu; jon.hempel@lin.usda.gov; dave.smith@ca.usda.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-4774 BN 978-90-481-8863-5; 978-90-481-8862-8 J9 PROGR SOIL SCI PY 2010 VL 2 BP 357 EP 367 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8863-5_28 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Remote Sensing; Agriculture GA BG7AO UT WOS:000391133800028 ER PT S AU Roecker, SM Howell, DW Haydu-Houdeshell, CA Blinn, C AF Roecker, S. M. Howell, D. W. Haydu-Houdeshell, C. A. Blinn, C. BE Boettinger, JL Howell, DW Moore, AC Hartemink, AE KienastBrown, S TI A Qualitative Comparison of Conventional Soil Survey and Digital Soil Mapping Approaches SO DIGITAL SOIL MAPPING: BRIDGING RESEARCH, ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATION, AND OPERATION SE Progress in Soil Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Global Workshop on Digital Soil Mapping CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2008 CL Utah State Univ, Logan, UT SP Int Union Soil Sci Working Grp Digital Soil Mapping, US Dept Agr Nat Resources Conservat Serv HO Utah State Univ DE Soil survey; Digital soil mapping; Soil Taxonomy; Random forest; Mojave Desert ID GIS AB Research in digital soil mapping has indicated that its methodologies could be successfully extended to a field setting where it could enhance the quality and scientific foundation of soil surveys, as well as save time and money. These assumptions are being put to the test in the Mojave Desert of California as part of a continuing effort within ongoing soil surveys. One of the questions being posed in this study is how comparable is a third-order soil map created by the conventional soil survey approach to one created via digital soil mapping. To compare the two mapping approaches the subgroup level of Soil Taxonomy was chosen as the response variable and the map unit as the unit of comparison. Within each map unit the proportion and number of subgroups predicted by each mapping approach was qualitatively compared. Within the intermontane basins the predictive model used for digital soil mapping, estimated a smaller proportion and number of soil subgroups associated with fan remnants. Whereas within the mountains the conventional approach predicted fewer soil subgroups, and a different composition of soil subgroups. C1 [Roecker, S. M.; Haydu-Houdeshell, C. A.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Victorville, CA 92392 USA. [Blinn, C.] Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Howell, D. W.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Arcata, CA 95518 USA. RP Roecker, SM (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Victorville, CA 92392 USA. EM stephen.roecker@ca.usda.gov; david@earthmapphoto.com; carrie-ann.houdeshell@ca.usda.gov; cblinn@vt.edu OI Roecker, Stephen/0000-0002-5376-9097 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-4774 BN 978-90-481-8863-5; 978-90-481-8862-8 J9 PROGR SOIL SCI PY 2010 VL 2 BP 369 EP 384 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8863-5_29 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Remote Sensing; Agriculture GA BG7AO UT WOS:000391133800029 ER PT S AU Kienast-Brown, S Boettinger, JL AF Kienast-Brown, S. Boettinger, J. L. BE Boettinger, JL Howell, DW Moore, AC Hartemink, AE KienastBrown, S TI Applying the Optimum Index Factor to Multiple Data Types in Soil Survey SO DIGITAL SOIL MAPPING: BRIDGING RESEARCH, ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATION, AND OPERATION SE Progress in Soil Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Global Workshop on Digital Soil Mapping CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2008 CL Utah State Univ, Logan, UT SP Int Union Soil Sci Working Grp Digital Soil Mapping, US Dept Agr Nat Resources Conservat Serv HO Utah State Univ DE Correlation; Remote sensing; Digital elevation model; Pre-mapping; Unsupervised classification ID RASTER CLASSIFICATION METHODOLOGY; RIVER-BASIN; USA AB Digital soil mapping requires simple, straight-forward methods that can be easily implemented into daily activities of soil survey. The Optimum Index Factor (OIF) was developed by Chavez et al. (1982, 1984) as a method for determining the three-band combination that maximizes the variability in a particular multispectral scene. The OIF is based on the amount of total variance and correlation within and between all possible band combinations in the dataset. Although the OIF method was developed for Landsat TM data, the concept and methodology are applicable to any multilayer dataset. We used the OIF method in a subset area of the initial soil survey of the Duchesne Area, Utah, USA, to help determine which combination of data layers would be most useful for modeling soil distribution. Unique multiband images created from layers of multiple data types (elevation and remote sensing derivatives) were evaluated using the OIF method to determine which data layers would maximize the biophysical variability in the study area. A multiband image was created from the optimum combinations of data layers and used for classification and modeling in ERDAS Imagine. The output from the classification and modeling are being evaluated as pre-maps for soil mapping activities in the study area. C1 [Kienast-Brown, S.] Utah State Univ, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Boettinger, J. L.] Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Boettinger, J. L.] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Kienast-Brown, S (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM suzann.kienast@ut.usda.gov; janis.boettinger@usu.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-4774 BN 978-90-481-8863-5; 978-90-481-8862-8 J9 PROGR SOIL SCI PY 2010 VL 2 BP 385 EP 398 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8863-5_30 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Remote Sensing; Agriculture GA BG7AO UT WOS:000391133800030 ER PT S AU Fisk, H Benton, R Unger, C King, T Williamson, S AF Fisk, Haans Benton, Robert Unger, Corey King, Timothy Williamson, Sharie BE Boettinger, JL Howell, DW Moore, AC Hartemink, AE KienastBrown, S TI US Department of Agriculture (USDA) TEUI Geospatial Toolkit: An Operational Ecosystem Inventory Application SO DIGITAL SOIL MAPPING: BRIDGING RESEARCH, ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATION, AND OPERATION SE Progress in Soil Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Global Workshop on Digital Soil Mapping CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2008 CL Utah State Univ, Logan, UT SP Int Union Soil Sci Working Grp Digital Soil Mapping, US Dept Agr Nat Resources Conservat Serv HO Utah State Univ DE Operational ecological inventory; Resource mapping tool; Landscape stratification AB The TEUI-Geospatial Toolkit (Toolkit) is an operational ecological inventory application used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service and other land management agencies. This resource mapping tool complements traditional inventory methods by streamlining the collection and analysis of inventory information in a digital environment. The Toolkit is based on the USDA Forest Service Terrestrial Ecological Unit Inventory Technical Guide, which complies with the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) standards. It is intended for resource specialists with a strong background in terrestrial mapping and intermediate geographic information system (GIS) skills. This Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) ArcGIS (TM) mapping tool guides the user through the TEUI mapping process, helps stratify landscapes and analyze environmental characteristics with geospatial data. Products derived with this operational mapping application comply with corporate data standards and are stored in corporate database systems. Design, development and operational support are performed by the USDA Forest Service Remote Sensing Application Center (RSAC). RSAC provides technical assistance to field units and increases application awareness at various meetings, workshops and conferences. Staying connected with the TEUI soil mapping community establishes an essential feedback loop for gathering new ideas and enhancing application functionality. This paper provides an overview of the current application and highlights specific mapping and data analysis functionality. It also identifies specific benefits that are realized through geospatial technologies as the Toolkit is implemented in the pre-map phase of a TEUI project. C1 [Fisk, Haans; Benton, Robert] Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, USDA, US Forest Serv, 2222 W 2300 South, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [King, Timothy] Gray & Pape Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. [Unger, Corey] Utah Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. [Williamson, Sharie] New Mexico State Univ, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Fisk, H (reprint author), Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, USDA, US Forest Serv, 2222 W 2300 South, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM hfisk@fs.fed.us; robertbenton@fs.fed.us; coreyunger@utah.gov; tking@graypape.com; smwill@nmsu.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-4774 BN 978-90-481-8863-5; 978-90-481-8862-8 J9 PROGR SOIL SCI PY 2010 VL 2 BP 399 EP 410 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8863-5_31 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Remote Sensing; Agriculture GA BG7AO UT WOS:000391133800031 ER PT S AU Hartemink, AE Hempel, J Lagacherie, P McBratney, A McKenzie, N MacMillan, RA Minasny, B Montanarella, L Santos, MDM Sanchez, P Walsh, M Zhang, GL AF Hartemink, Alfred E. Hempel, Jon Lagacherie, Philippe McBratney, Alex McKenzie, Neil MacMillan, Robert A. Minasny, Budiman Montanarella, Luca Mendonca Santos, Maria de Lourdes Sanchez, Pedro Walsh, Markus Zhang, Gan-Lin BE Boettinger, JL Howell, DW Moore, AC Hartemink, AE KienastBrown, S TI GlobalSoilMap.net - A New Digital Soil Map of the World SO DIGITAL SOIL MAPPING: BRIDGING RESEARCH, ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATION, AND OPERATION SE Progress in Soil Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Global Workshop on Digital Soil Mapping CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2008 CL Utah State Univ, Logan, UT SP Int Union Soil Sci Working Grp Digital Soil Mapping, US Dept Agr Nat Resources Conservat Serv HO Utah State Univ DE Soil map; Global consortium; Soil information system AB Knowledge of the world soil resources is fragmented and dated. There is a need for accurate, up-to-date and spatially referenced soil information as frequently expressed by the modelling community, farmers and land users, and policy and decision makers. This need coincides with an enormous leap in technologies that allow for accurately collecting and predicting soil properties. We work on a new digital soil map of the world using state-of-the-art and emerging technologies for soil mapping and predicting soil properties. The global land surface will be mapped in 5 years and the map consists of the primary functional soil properties at a grid resolution of 90 by 90m. It will be freely available, web-accessible and widely distributed and used. The maps will be produced by a global consortium with centres in each of the continents: NRCS for North America, Embrapa for Latin America, JRC for Europe, TSBF-CIAT for Africa, ISSAS for parts of Asia and CSIRO for Oceania. This new global soil map will be supplemented by interpretation and functionality options that aim to assist better decisions in a range of global issues like food production and hunger eradication, climate change, and environmental degradation. In November 2008, a grant has of US$ 18 million has been obtained from the Bill & Melinda Gates foundation to map most parts in Sub-Sahara Africa, and make all Sub-Saharan Africa data available. From this grant there are funds for coordinating efforts in the global consortium. C1 [Hartemink, Alfred E.; MacMillan, Robert A.] ISRIC World Soil Informat, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Hempel, Jon] Natl Soil Survey Ctr, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Lagacherie, Philippe] Supagro Montpellier, IRD, UMR INRA 1221, INRA Lab Etud Interact Sol Agrosyst Hydrosyst,LIS, Montpellier, France. [MacMillan, Robert A.] LandMapper Environm Solut Inc, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [McBratney, Alex] Univ Sydney, Fac Agr Food & Nat Resources, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [McKenzie, Neil] CSIRO Land & Water, Bruce E Butler Lab, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Mendonca Santos, Maria de Lourdes] Natl Ctr Soil Res, Brazilian Agr Res Corp, EMBRAPA Solos, BR-22460000 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Minasny, Budiman] Univ Sydney, Fac Agr Food & Nat Resources, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Montanarella, Luca] DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Land Management & Nat Hazards Unit, European Commiss, TP 280,Via Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Sanchez, Pedro] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Millennium Villages Project, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Walsh, Markus] TSBF, CIAT, Trop Soil Biol & Fertil Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. [Zhang, Gan-Lin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Hartemink, AE (reprint author), ISRIC World Soil Informat, Wageningen, Netherlands. EM alfred.hartemink@wur.nl; jon.hempel@lin.usda.gov; lagache@supagro.inra.fr; alex.mcbratney@sydney.edu.au; Neil.McKenzie@csiro.au; bobmacm@telusplanet.net; budiman.minasny@sydney.edu.au; luca.montanarella@jrc.ec.europa.eu; loumendonca@cnps.embrapa.br; psanchez@ei.columbia.edu; markusgwalsh@gmail.com; glzhang@issas.ac.cn NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-4774 BN 978-90-481-8863-5; 978-90-481-8862-8 J9 PROGR SOIL SCI PY 2010 VL 2 BP 423 EP 427 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8863-5_33 PG 5 WC Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Remote Sensing; Agriculture GA BG7AO UT WOS:000391133800033 ER PT J AU Qian, H Guo, QF AF Qian, Hong Guo, Qinfeng TI Linking biotic homogenization to habitat type, invasiveness and growth form of naturalized alien plants in North America SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Biological invasions; exotic species; floristic differentiation; life history; non-native species; species traits; taxonomic homogenization ID AQUATIC ORGANISMS; FLORISTIC HOMOGENIZATION; NONNATIVE PLANTS; BETA-DIVERSITY; DISPERSAL; FLORAS; FISH; SIMILARITY; CALIFORNIA; SUCCESS AB Aim Biotic homogenization is a growing phenomenon and has recently attracted much attention. Here, we analyse a large dataset of native and alien plants in North America to examine whether biotic homogenization is related to several ecological and biological attributes. Location North America (north of Mexico). Methods We assembled species lists of native and alien vascular plants for each of the 64 state- and province-level geographical units in North America. Each alien species was characterized with respect to habitat (wetland versus upland), invasiveness (invasive versus non-invasive), life cycle (annual/biennial versus perennial) and habit (herbaceous versus woody). We calculated a Jaccard similarity index separately for native, for alien, and for native and alien species. We used the average of Jaccard dissimilarity index (1 - Jaccard index) of all paired localities as a measure of the mean beta diversity of alien species for each set of localities examined in an analysis. We used a homogenization index to quantify the effect of homogenization or differentiation. Results We found that (1) wetland, invasive, annual/biennial and herbaceous alien plants markedly homogenized the state-level floras whereas non-invasive and woody alien plants tended to differentiate the floras; (2) beta diversity was significantly lower for wetland, invasive, annual/biennial and herbaceous alien plants than their counterparts (i.e. upland, non-invasive, perennial and woody alien plants, respectively); and (3) upland and perennial alien plants each played an equal role in homogenizing and differentiating the state-level floras. Main conclusions Our study shows that biotic homogenization is clearly related to habitat type (e.g. wetland versus uplands), species invasiveness and life-history traits such as life cycle (e.g. annual/biennial and herbaceous versus woody species) at the spatial scale examined. These observations help to understand the process of biotic homogenization resulting from alien vascular plants in North America. C1 [Qian, Hong] Illinois State Museum, Res & Collect Ctr, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. [Guo, Qinfeng] USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Qian, H (reprint author), Illinois State Museum, Res & Collect Ctr, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. EM hqian@museum.state.il.us FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0640058] FX We thank Robert E. Ricklefs, Marcel Rejmanek and three anonymous referees for helpful comments. This study was supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0640058). NR 62 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00627.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 545HM UT WOS:000273723100012 ER PT J AU do Amaral, BC Connor, EE Tao, S Hayen, J Bubolz, J Dahl, GE AF do Amaral, B. C. Connor, E. E. Tao, S. Hayen, J. Bubolz, J. Dahl, G. E. TI Heat stress abatement during the dry period influences prolactin signaling in lymphocytes SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gene expression; Heat stress; Lymphocytes; Prolactin ID SHORT-DAY PHOTOPERIOD; DAIRY-COWS; MAMMARY-GLAND; EXPRESSION; RESPONSES; CELLS; ENVIRONMENT; MODULATION; ACTIVATION; BIOLOGY AB Heat stress perturbs prolactin (PRL) release and affects dairy cow lactational performance and immune cell function. We hypothesized that greater PRL concentration in plasma of heat-stressed cows relative to cooled cows would decrease expression of prolactin receptor (PRL-R) mRNA and increase mRNA expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) in lymphocytes, altering their cytokine production. To test this hypothesis, multiparous Holstein cows were dried off 46 d before their expected calving date and assigned randomly to heat stress (HT; n = 9) or cooling (CL; n = 7) during the entire dry period. A second study was conducted the following year with an additional 21 cows (12 HT; 9 CL). Lymphocytes were isolated from cows at -46, -20, +2, and +20 d relative to expected calving date and mRNA expression of PRL-R, SOCS-1, SOCS-2, SOCS-3, cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS), and heat shock protein 70 KDa AS (HSPAS), and housekeeping genes hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS), ATP synthase, H+ transporting mitochondrial F1 complex, beta subunit (ATP5B), and ribosomal protein S9 (RPS9) was analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cows exposed to HT had greater PRL concentration in plasma compared with CL cows. Measurement of lymphocyte proliferation indicated that lymphocytes of CL cows proliferated more than those from HT cows and exressed more PRL-R mRNA and less SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 mRNA relative to HT cows. Further, lymphocytes from CL cows produced more tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha) than those from HT cows. These results suggest that changes in PRL-signaling pathway genes during heat stress are associated with differential cytokine secretion by lymphocytes and may regulate lymphocyte proliferation in dairy cows. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [do Amaral, B. C.; Tao, S.; Hayen, J.; Bubolz, J.; Dahl, G. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Connor, E. E.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dahl, GE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM gdahl@ufl.edu NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 38 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2009.07.005 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 599QN UT WOS:000277928300004 PM 19733997 ER PT S AU Anderson, JV Horvath, DP Chao, WS Foley, ME AF Anderson, James V. Horvath, David P. Chao, Wun S. Foley, Michael E. BE Lubzens, E Cerda, J Clark, M TI Bud Dormancy in Perennial Plants: A Mechanism for Survival SO DORMANCY AND RESISTANCE IN HARSH ENVIRONMENTS SE Topics in Current Genetics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNDERGROUND ADVENTITIOUS BUDS; LOW-TEMPERATURE INDUCTION; SPURGE EUPHORBIA-ESULA; RED-OSIER DOGWOOD; PERSICA L. BATSCH; COLD-ACCLIMATION; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; FLOWERING-TIME; LEAFY SPURGE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA AB Dormancy in vegetative buds of perennial plants plays an important role for surviving harsh environmental conditions. Identifying the genetic and physiological mechanisms regulating dormancy in these vegetative structures will allow manipulation of plant growth and development in both crops and weeds. Model plants have been used to study the physiological effects that photoperiod and temperature impart on dormancy regulation in perennial buds. At the molecular level, models derived through analysis of the transcriptome have shed new light on multiple cellular pathways and physiological processes associated with dormancy transitions and, in some cases, have revealed overlap with pathways regulating flowering and cold acclimation. In this chapter, we discuss proposed models based on advances to our understanding of physiological and molecular factors affecting dormancy regulation in vegetative buds of perennials. C1 [Anderson, James V.; Horvath, David P.; Chao, Wun S.; Foley, Michael E.] USDA ARS, Weed Biol Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Anderson, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Weed Biol Res Unit, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM james.anderson@ars.usda.gov; david.horvath@ars.usda.gov; wun.chao@ars.usda.gov; michael.foley@ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767; Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 111 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1610-2096 BN 978-3-642-12421-1 J9 TOP CURR GENET JI Top. Curr. Genet. PY 2010 VL 21 BP 69 EP 90 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-12422-8_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-12422-8 PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA BQM93 UT WOS:000281350300005 ER PT S AU Bier, DM AF Bier, Dennis M. BE Koletzko, B Koletzko, S Ruemmele, F TI Promoting Innovation in Pediatric Nutrition SO DRIVERS OF INNOVATION IN PEDIATRIC NUTRITION SE Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 66th Nestle-Nutrition-Institute Workshop on Drivers of Innovation in Pediatric Nutrition CY NOV 01-05, 2009 CL Sanya, PEOPLES R CHINA ID DISEASE AB Truly impactful innovation can only be recognized in retrospect. Moreover, almost by definition, developing algorithmic paths on roadmaps for innovation are likely to be unsuccessful because innovators do not generally follow established routes. Nonetheless, environments cart be established within Departments of Pediatrics that promote innovating thinking. The environmental factors necessary to do so include: (1) demand that academic Pediatrics Departments function hi an aggressively scholarly mode; (2) capture the most fundamental science in postnatal developmental biology; (3) focus education and training on the boundaries of our knowledge, rather than the almost exclusive attention to what we think we already know; (4) devote mentoring, time and resources to only the most compelling unanswered questions in the pediatric sciences, including nutrition; (5) accept only systematic, evidence-based answers to clinical questions; (6) if systematic, evidence-based data are not available, design the proper studies to get them; (7) prize questioning the answers to further move beyond the knowledge limit; (8) support the principle that experiments in children will be required to convincingly answer clinical questions important to children, and (9) establish the multicenter resources in pediatric scientist training, clinical study design and implementation, and laboratory and instrument technologies required to answer today's questions with tomorrow's methods. Copyright (C) 2010 Nestec Ltd., Vevey/S. Karger AG, Basel C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Bier, DM (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0742-2806 BN 978-3-8055-9454-7 J9 NESTLE NUTR WORKS SE PY 2010 VL 66 BP 205 EP 215 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA BQR80 UT WOS:000281663400016 PM 20664227 ER PT B AU Manning, TJ Abadi, G Bishop, K McLeod, K Bullock, G Kean, G Grant, D Anderson, S Cooper-White, K Sermons, S Patel, O Phillips, D Potter, T Nienow, J Klausmeyer, P Newman, D AF Manning, Thomas J. Abadi, Giso Bishop, Karly McLeod, Kristen Bullock, Gunter Kean, Greg Grant, Devin Anderson, Stuart Cooper-White, Katrice Sermons, Shanda Patel, Om Phillips, Dennis Potter, Thomas Nienow, James Klausmeyer, Paul Newman, David BA Govil, JN Singh, VK BF Govil, JN Singh, VK TI Production of ET743, Bryostatin, and Taxol Using a Mineral Based Microbial Amplification System SO DRUG PLANTS III SE Recent Progress in Medicinal Plants LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Bryostatin; ET743; Taxol; Natural product; Mass spectrometry; Bacterial amplification chamber ID BRYOZOAN BUGULA-NERITINA; CANDIDATUS ENDOBUGULA SERTULA; BIOACTIVE METABOLITES; HUMIC-ACID; SYMBIONT; IDENTIFICATION; ECOSYSTEM; YEW AB Bacterial amplification chambers (BACs) are artificial media that allow marine bacteria to colonize a receptive surface. The composition of BAC's are derived from analytical measurements of an ecosystem. Marine bacteria are notoriously difficult or impossible to cultivate in a laboratory setting so a method of farming the microbes in their home environment was sought. Specifically, the BAG is left in a respective ecosystem for an extended period of time (days, weeks) and then harvested. We originally applied this to a set of marine natural products found in the Gulf of Mexico (bryostatin, ET743). From that work we adapted the methodology to the production of taxol in the Florida yew tree. We've identified six groups of chemicals that are used in constructing a BAG. (1) Trace inorganic species that may play a nutrient role (2) Organic based structures found in the sediment (3) Organic based nutrients (4) Naturally occurring polymers (5) Bulk inorganic species found in the local ecosystem (6) Components of the host organism. Preliminary results for the production of the pharmaceutical agents ET743 in Sarasota Bay (Fl) and Dickerson Bay (Fl), Taxol in Torreya State Park (Fl) and Bryostatin at Alligator Point Harbor (Fl) are discussed in this paper. C1 [Manning, Thomas J.; Bishop, Karly; McLeod, Kristen; Bullock, Gunter; Kean, Greg; Grant, Devin; Anderson, Stuart; Cooper-White, Katrice; Sermons, Shanda; Patel, Om] Valdosta State Univ, Dept Chem, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. [Abadi, Giso] Univ Sunderland, Sunderland, Tyne & Wear, England. [Phillips, Dennis] Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Mass Spec Facil, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Potter, Thomas] USDA, Watershed Lab, Tifton, GA USA. [Nienow, James] Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Valdosta, GA USA. [Klausmeyer, Paul; Newman, David] NCI Frederick, Nat Prod Grp, SAIC Frederick Inc, Frederick, MD USA. RP Manning, TJ (reprint author), Valdosta State Univ, Dept Chem, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU STUDIUM PRESS LLC PI HOUSTON PA PO BOX 722200, HOUSTON, TX 77072 USA BN 978-1-933699-19-6 J9 RECENT PROG MED PLAN PY 2010 VL 29 BP 41 EP 59 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BQD66 UT WOS:000280742900004 ER PT B AU Chen, GQ AF Chen, Grace Q. BE Singh, VK Govil, JN TI Gene Expression and Reserve Synthesis During Seed Development in Castor (Ricinus communis L.) SO DRUG PLANTS IV SE Recent Progress in Medicinal Plants LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Castor; Oil composition; Gene expression; Ricin; 2S albumin; Lipid gene ID 2S ALBUMIN PRECURSOR; DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; FATTY-ACID; STORAGE PROTEIN; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LECTIN GENE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL SYNTHESIS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; TRANSGENIC ARABIDOPSIS AB Castor oil contains 90% ricinoleate (12-hydroxy-oleate) and has numerous industrial uses. Despite its economic importance, the production of castor oil is hampered by the presence of detrimental seed storage proteins, the toxin ricin and hyper-allergenic 2S albumins. To develop approaches for safe castor oil production, we studied the mechanisms underlying the synthesis of ricin, 2S albumins and ricinoleate I oil. We observed increased transcript levels of 14 genes involved in synthesis of ricin, 2S albumin and oil, but with various temporal patterns and different. maximal inductions ranging from 2 to 43,000-fold. This transcription-profiling data provide not only the initial information on promoter activity for each gene, but also a first glimpse of the global patterns of gene expression and regulation, which are critical to metabolic engineering of transgenic oilseeds. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Chen, GQ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM grace.chen@ars.usda.gov NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU STUDIUM PRESS LLC PI HOUSTON PA PO BOX 722200, HOUSTON, TX 77072 USA BN 978-1-933699-20-2 J9 RECENT PROG MED PLAN PY 2010 VL 30 BP 271 EP 291 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BRW95 UT WOS:000283815400017 ER PT J AU Bobbink, R Hicks, K Galloway, J Spranger, T Alkemade, R Ashmore, M Bustamante, M Cinderby, S Davidson, E Dentener, F Emmett, B Erisman, JW Fenn, M Gilliam, F Nordin, A Pardo, L De Vries, W AF Bobbink, R. Hicks, K. Galloway, J. Spranger, T. Alkemade, R. Ashmore, M. Bustamante, M. Cinderby, S. Davidson, E. Dentener, F. Emmett, B. Erisman, J. -W. Fenn, M. Gilliam, F. Nordin, A. Pardo, L. De Vries, W. TI Global assessment of nitrogen deposition effects on terrestrial plant diversity: a synthesis SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Arctic-alpine ecosystems; boreal ecosystems; critical loads; diversity; ecoregions; mediterranean ecosystems; nitrogen deposition; species richness; temperature ecosystems; terrestrial ecosystems; tropical ecosystems ID SIMULATED ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; ARCTIC POLAR SEMIDESERT; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LONG-TERM; N-DEPOSITION; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; CRITICAL LOADS; RACOMITRIUM-LANUGINOSUM; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AB Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is it recognized threat to plant diversity ill temperate and northern parts of Europe and North America. This paper assesses evidence from field experiments for N deposition effects and thresholds for terrestrial plant diversity protection across a latitudinal range of main categories of ecosystems. from arctic and boreal systems to tropical forests. Current thinking on the mechanisms of N deposition effects on plant diversity, the global distribution of G200 ecoregions, and current and future (2030) estimates of atmospheric N-deposition rates are then used to identify the risks to plant diversity in all major ecosystem types now and in the future. This synthesis paper clearly shows that N accumulation is the main driver of changes to species composition across the whole range of different ecosystem types by driving the competitive interactions that lead to composition change and/or making conditions unfavorable for some species. Other effects such its direct toxicity of nitrogen gases and aerosols long-term negative effects of increased ammonium and ammonia availability, soil-mediated effects of acidification, and secondary stress and disturbance are more ecosystem, and site-specific and often play a supporting role. N deposition effects in mediterranean ecosystems have now been identified, leading to a first estimate of an effect threshold. Importantly, ecosystems thought of as not N limited, such as tropical and subtropical systems, may be more vulnerable in the regeneration phase. in situations where heterogeneity in N availability is reduced by atmospheric N deposition, on sandy soils, or in montane areas. Critical loads are effect thresholds for N deposition. and the critical load concept has helped European governments make progress toward reducing N loads on sensitive ecosystems. More needs to be done in Europe and North America. especially for the more sensitive ecosystem types. including several ecosystems of high conservation importance. The results of this assessment Show that the Vulnerable regions outside Europe and North America which have not received enough attention are ecoregions in eastern and Southern Asia (China, India), an important part of the mediterranean ecoregion (California, southern Europe). and in the coming decades several subtropical and tropical parts of Latin America and Africa. Reductions in plant diversity by increased atmospheric N deposition may be more widespread than first thought, and more targeted Studies are required in low background areas, especially in the G200 ecoregions. C1 [Bobbink, R.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, B WARE Res Ctr, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Hicks, K.; Cinderby, S.] Univ York, Stockholm Environm Inst, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Galloway, J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Spranger, T.] UBA, German Fed Environm Agcy, D-06844 Dessau, Germany. [Alkemade, R.] MNP, Netherlands Environm Assessment Agvy, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Ashmore, M.] Univ York, Dept Environm, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Bustamante, M.] Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Davidson, E.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Dentener, F.] Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, European Commiss, Ispra, VA, Italy. [Emmett, B.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bangor LL57 2UP, Gwynedd, Wales. [Erisman, J. -W.] ECN, Energy Res Ctr Netherlands, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. [Fenn, M.] US Forest Serv, PSW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Gilliam, F.] Marshall Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Huntington, WV 25701 USA. [Nordin, A.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Genet & Plant Physiol, Umea Plant Sci Ctr, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Pardo, L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. [De Vries, W.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Bobbink, R (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, B WARE Res Ctr, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM r.bobbink@b-ware.eu RI Erisman, Jan Willem/C-6900-2008; Emmett, Bridget/D-6199-2011; Galloway, James/C-2769-2013; Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013; Bustamante, Mercedes/H-7597-2015 OI Emmett, Bridget/0000-0002-2713-4389; Galloway, James/0000-0001-7676-8698; Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697; Bustamante, Mercedes/0000-0003-1008-452X FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre FX Partial support for the sessions at the Fourth International Nitrogen Conference (N2007) on the topics of nitrogen deposition, critical loads, and biodiversity was kindly provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and by the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre. NR 186 TC 663 Z9 722 U1 81 U2 675 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 30 EP 59 DI 10.1890/08-1140.1 PG 30 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 566GM UT WOS:000275358100004 PM 20349829 ER PT J AU Merritt, DM Poff, NL AF Merritt, David M. Poff, N. LeRoy TI Shifting dominance of riparian Populus and Tamarix along gradients of flow alteration in western North American rivers SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE dams; flow management; flow regime; index of flow modification; invasive species; Populus; river management; river restoration; tamarisk; Tamarix ramosissima; vegetation change; water development ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; LOWER COLORADO RIVER; WOODY PLANT ESTABLISHMENT; MIDDLE RIO-GRANDE; SAN-PEDRO RIVER; GREEN RIVER; NEW-MEXICO; SEMIARID FLOODPLAIN; MARGIN VEGETATION; NONNATIVE TAMARIX AB Tamarix ramosissima is a naturalized, normative plant species which has become widespread along riparian corridors throughout the western United States. We test the hypothesis that the distribution and success of Tamarix result from human modification of river-flow regimes. We conducted a natural experiment in eight ecoregions in arid and semiarid portions of the western United States, measuring Tamarix and native Populus recruitment and abundance at 64 sites along 13 perennial rivers spanning a range of altered flow regimes. We quantified biologically relevant attributes of flow alteration as an integrated measure (the index of flow modification, IFM), which was then used to explain between-site variation in abundance and recruitment of native and nonnative riparian plant species. We found the likelihood of successful recruitment of Tamarix to be highest along unregulated river reaches and to remain high across a gradient of regulated flows. Recruitment probability for Populus, in contrast, was highest under free-flowing conditions and declined abruptly Under even slight flow modification (IFM > 0.1). Adult Tamarix was most abundant at intermediate levels of IFM. Populus abundance declined sharply with modest flow regulation (IFM > 0.2) and was not present at the Most flow-regulated sites. Dominance of Tamarix was highest along rivers with the most altered flow regimes. At the 16 least regulated sites, Tamarix and Populus were equally abundant. Given observed patterns of Tamarix recruitment and abundance. We infer that Tamarix would likely have naturalized, spread. and established widely in riparian communities ill the of dam construction, diversions, and flow regulation in western North America. absence However, Tamarix dominance over native Species would likely be less extensive ill the absence of human alteration of river-flow regimes. Restoration that combines active mechanical removal of established stands of Tamarix with a program of flow releases conducive to native species establishment and persistence is hypothesized to facilitate the codominance of Populus ill reaches where it has become rare. Our findings have implications for planning flow-related stream restoration, for developing realistic expectations for yield on investment in prescribed flow releases, and for planning flow-related interventions that might be possible if control and management of invasive plant species along rivers is a goal. C1 [Merritt, David M.] US Forest Serv, Natl Watershed Fish & Wildlife Program, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Merritt, David M.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Poff, N. LeRoy] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Poff, N. LeRoy] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Merritt, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Natl Watershed Fish & Wildlife Program, USDA, 2150A Ctr Ave,Suite 368, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dmmerritt@fs.fed.us FU The Nature Conservancy; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation FX This work was funded by the David H. Smith Conservation Postdoctorate Fellowship administered through The Nature Conservancy. This work was also partially funded by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Thank you is extended to David H. Smith (deceased) and his family for generous support of conservation research. NR 127 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 73 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 135 EP 152 DI 10.1890/08-2251.1 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 566GM UT WOS:000275358100011 PM 20349836 ER PT J AU Adams, MJ Chelgren, ND Reinitz, D Cole, RA Rachowicz, LJ Galvan, S McCreary, B Pearl, CA Bailey, LL Bettaso, J Bull, EL Leu, M AF Adams, Michael J. Chelgren, Nathan D. Reinitz, David Cole, Rebecca A. Rachowicz, Lara J. Galvan, Stephanie McCreary, Brome Pearl, Christopher A. Bailey, Larissa L. Bettaso, Jamie Bull, Evelyn L. Leu, Matthias TI Using occupancy models to understand the distribution of an amphibian pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE amphibian declines; Batrachocytrium dendrobatidis; California, USA; disease; occupancy models; Oregon, USA; Rana spp. ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; TIME TAQMAN PCR; DETECTING CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; PEPTIDE DEFENSES; WILD FROGS; PREVALENCE; POPULATIONS; AUSTRALIA; MORTALITY AB Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is a fungal pathogen that is receiving attention around the world for its role in amphibian declines. Study Of its occurrence patterns is hampered by false negatives: the failure to detect the pathogen when it is present. Occupancy Models are a useful but currently underutilized tool for analyzing detection data when the probability of detecting I species is <1. We use occupancy Models to evaluate hypotheses concerning the occurrence and prevalence of B. dendrobatidis and discuss how thiS application differs from a conventional Occupancy approach. We found that the probability of detecting the pathogen, conditional oil presence of the pathogen in the anuran population, was related to amphibian development stage, day of the year, elevation. and human activities. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis was found throughout our Study area but was only estimated to Occur in 53.4% of 78 populations of native amphibians and 66.4% of 40 populations Of normative Rana catesbeiana tested. We found little evidence to Support ally spatial hypotheses concerning the probability that the pathogen Occurs in a population, but did find evidence of Some taxonomic variation. We discuss the interpretation Of occupancy model parameters, when, Unlike a conventional occupancy application, the number of potential samples or observations is finite. C1 [Adams, Michael J.; Chelgren, Nathan D.; Galvan, Stephanie; McCreary, Brome; Pearl, Christopher A.; Leu, Matthias] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Reinitz, David; Cole, Rebecca A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Dis Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Rachowicz, Lara J.] Natl Pk Serv, Golden Gate Natl Recreat Area, San Francisco, CA 94123 USA. [Bailey, Larissa L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Bettaso, Jamie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Field Off, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Bull, Evelyn L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Adams, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mjadams@usgs.gov RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Use of trade names is for informational purposes only and does not constitute endorsement. NR 57 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 36 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 289 EP 302 DI 10.1890/08-2319.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 566GM UT WOS:000275358100023 PM 20349848 ER PT S AU Luzadis, VA Castello, L Choi, J Greenfield, E Kim, SK Munsell, J Nordman, E Franco, C Olowabi, F AF Luzadis, Valerie A. Castello, Leandro Choi, Jaewon Greenfield, Eric Kim, Sung-kyun Munsell, John Nordman, Erik Franco, Carol Olowabi, Flavien BE Limburg, K Costanza, R TI The science of ecological economics A content analysis of Ecological Economics, 1989-2004 SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS REVIEWS SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE ecological economics; content analysis; qualitative analysis; mixed-method research ID CITATION ANALYSIS AB The Ecological Economics journal is a primary source for inquiry on ecological economics and sustainability. To explore the scholarly pursuit of ecological economics, we conducted a content analysis of 200 randomly sampled research, survey, and methodological articles published in Ecological Economics during the 15-year period of 1989-2004. Results of the analysis were used to investigate facets of transdisciplinarity within the journal. A robust qualitative approach was used to gather and examine data to identify themes representing substantive content found within the span of sampled journal papers. The extent to which each theme was represented was counted as well as additional data, such as author discipline, year published, etc. Four main categories were revealed: (1) foundations (self-reflexive themes stemming from direct discussions about ecological economics); (2) human systems, represented by the themes of values, social indicators of well-being, intergenerational distribution, and equity; (3) biophysical systems, including themes, such as carrying capacity and scarcity, energy, and resource use, relating directly to the biophysical aspects of systems; and (4) policy and management encompassing themes of development, growth, trade, accounting, and valuation, as well as institutional structures and management. The results provide empirical evidence for discussing the future direction of ecological economic efforts. C1 [Luzadis, Valerie A.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Forest & Nat Resources Management Dept, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Castello, Leandro] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA. [Greenfield, Eric] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Syracuse, NY USA. [Munsell, John] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kim, Sung-kyun] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY USA. [Nordman, Erik] Grand Valley State Univ, Dept Biol, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. [Franco, Carol] Univ Vermont, Gund Inst, Burlington, VT USA. RP Luzadis, VA (reprint author), SUNY ESF, Forest & Nat Resources Management Dept, 320 Bray Hall, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM vluzadis@esf.edu RI Castello, Leandro/K-4389-2012 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-766-5 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2010 VL 1185 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Ecology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BOV88 UT WOS:000277794400001 PM 20146758 ER PT J AU Thomas, RE Pollen-Bankhead, N AF Thomas, Robert E. Pollen-Bankhead, Natasha TI Modeling root-reinforcement with a fiber-bundle model and Monte Carlo simulation SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Root-reinforcement; Monte Carlo simulation; Fiber-bundle model; Slope stability; Streambank stability ID SHALLOW-SLOPE STABILITY; SOIL SHEAR-STRENGTH; STREAMBANK STABILITY; TREE ROOTS; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; TENSILE-STRENGTH; ARCHITECTURE; RESISTANCE; MOISTURE; RIVER AB This paper uses sensitivity analysis and a fiber-bundle model (FBM) to examine assumptions underpinning root-reinforcement models. First, different methods for apportioning load between intact roots were investigated. Second, a Monte Carlo approach was used to simulate plants with heartroot, plateroot and taproot/herringbone networks growing on slopes and floodplains. Results suggest that: 1. The commonly adopted value (1.2) for a term accounting for initial root orientation, shear distortion angle and soil friction angle is too large and is only attained for friction angles >35 degrees; 2. to obtain the correct dynamics. equal load apportionment must be used in FBMs; 3. root architecture has a significant impact on loading curve shape and the peak load supported by a root bundle; and 4. plants with different root architectures are suitable for stabilizing different features (for example, 500 Eastern Sycamore roots of differing network types provided median reinforcement of 4.86-15.08 kPa on a slope and 9.49-14.82 kPa on a floodplain). These latter variations, and the duration and displacement over which reinforcement is provided, are controlled by the proportions of compressed and tensioned roots as soil shearing initiates. Root-reinforcement may vary dramatically dependent upon the location of a plant relative to a failing soil mass. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Thomas, Robert E.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. [Pollen-Bankhead, Natasha] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Watershed Phys Proc Res Grp, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Thomas, RE (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. EM r.e.thomas02@members.leeds.ac.uk; natasha.bankhead@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [58-6408-8-321]; University of Mississippi FX This study is part of a research project sponsored by the USDA Agricultural Research Service Specific Research Agreement 58-6408-8-321 (monitored by the USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory) and the University of Mississippi. The authors would like to thank Eddy Langendoen and Andrew Simon of the USDA-ARS-NSL for useful discussions and for allowing us the time to undertake this work, respectively. In addition, Dr. F. Doug Shields Jr. (USDA-ARS-NSL), Dr. David Milledge (Durham University, UK) and two anonymous reviewers provided useful reviews of earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 36 IS 1 BP 47 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.09.008 PG 15 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 549PV UT WOS:000274067000006 ER PT J AU Shields, FD Lizotte, RE Knight, SS Cooper, CM Wilcox, D AF Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Lizotte, Richard E., Jr. Knight, Scott S. Cooper, Charles M. Wilcox, Darlene TI The stream channel incision syndrome and water quality SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Water quality; Streams; TMDLs; Sediment; Nutrients; Impairment; Fish; Erosion; Channel incision ID DELTA OXBOW LAKES; LAND-USE; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; FISH COMMUNITIES; PHYSICAL HABITAT; MISSISSIPPI; PHOSPHORUS; URBAN AB Watershed development often triggers channel incision that leads to radical changes in channel morphology. Although morphologic evolution due to channel incision has been documented and modeled by others, ecological effects, particularly water quality effects, are less well understood. Discharge, basic physical parameters, solids, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), chlorophyll and bacteria were monitored for five years at two sites along a stream in a mixed-cover watershed characterized by rapid incision of the entire channel network. Concurrent data were collected from two sites on a nearby stream draining a watershed of similar size and cultivation intensity, but without widespread incision. Data sets describing physical aquatic habitat and fish fauna of each stream were available from other studies. The second stream was impacted by watershed urbanization, but was not incised, so normal channel-floodplain interaction maintained a buffer zone of floodplain wetlands between the study reach and the urban development upstream. The incised stream had mean channel depth and width that were 1.8 and 3.5 times as large as for the nonincised stream, and was characterized by flashier hydrology. The median rise rate for the incised stream was 6.4 times as great as for the nonincised stream. Correlation analyses showed that hydrologic perturbations were associated with water quality degradation, and the incised stream had levels of turbidity and solids that were two to three times higher than the nonincised, urbanizing stream. Total phosphorus. total Kjeldahl N, and chlorophyll a concentrations were significantly higher in the incised stream, while nitrate was significantly greater in the nonincised, urbanizing stream (p <= 0.02). Physical aquatic habitat and fish populations in the nonincised urbanizing stream were superior, as it Supported almost twice as many species and yielded more than four times as much biomass per unit of effort. These results suggest that channel incision is associated with a complex of ecological stressors that includes channel erosion, hydrologic perturbation, and water quality and physical habitat degradation. Ecological engineering of stream corridors must focus at least as much energy on mediating hydrologic perturbations and managing habitat quality as on pollutant loadings. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shields, F. Douglas, Jr.; Lizotte, Richard E., Jr.; Knight, Scott S.; Cooper, Charles M.; Wilcox, Darlene] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM doug.shields@ars.usda.gov NR 86 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 36 IS 1 BP 78 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.09.014 PG 13 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 549PV UT WOS:000274067000009 ER PT J AU Bricker, M Pearson, D Maron, J AF Bricker, Mary Pearson, Dean Maron, John TI Small-mammal seed predation limits the recruitment and abundance of two perennial grassland forbs SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forb abundance; granivory; grassland communities; Lithospermum ruderale; Lupinus sericeus; Peromyscus maniculatus; seet predation, limitation, and addition; small mammal ID PLANT-POPULATION DYNAMICS; OLD-FIELDS; GRANIVORY; SIZE; COMPETITION; COMMUNITY; CONSUMERS; RODENTS; BANK AB Although post-dispersal seed predators are common and often reduce seed density, their influence on plant population abundance remains unclear. On the one hand, increasing evidence suggests that many plant populations are seed limited, implying that seed predators could reduce plant abundance. On the other hand, it is generally uncertain Whether the Magnitude of seed limitation imposed by granivores is strong enough to overcome density-dependent processes that could compensate for seed loss at later stages. We examined the impact of seed predation by small mammals, primarily deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), Oil seedling recruitment and Subsequent plant establishment of two perennial grassland forbs in western Montana, USA: Lupinus sericeus (Fabaceae) and Lithospermum ruderale (Boraginaceae). The experiment combined graded densities of seed addition for each species with it small-mammal exclusion treatment. Seedling recruitment and plant establishment were monitored in the experimental plots for Lip to three years. For both species, small-mammal exclusion increased the total number of seedlings that emerged, and these effects were still significant three years after seed addition, resulting ill greater numbers of established plants inside exclosures than in control plots. We also found evidence of seed limitation, with increasing density of seeds added leading to increased numbers of seedlings. Results from seed addition and small-mammal exclusion experiments ill later years also revealed significant impacts of small mammals on seedling emergence. These results Suggest that granivores can have potentially important impacts in limiting forb abundance in grasslands communities. C1 [Bricker, Mary; Pearson, Dean; Maron, John] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Pearson, Dean] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Bricker, M (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM mary.bricker@mso.umt.edu FU NSF EPSCoR [EPS0346458]; NSF [GK-12 (03-38165)]; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2005-35101-16040]; Mclntire-Stennis; Bureau of Land Management FX We thank the Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management For allowing us to conduct experiments on their protected sites. We appreciate field help From Cedar Grant, Christen iser. and Adam Leiberg. Jennifer Williams's statistical advice Was invaluable, and the manuscript benefited greatly from comments and discussion with members of the Maron and Crone labs at the University of Montana. M. C. Bricker was supported during the course of this study by funds from the NSF EPSCoR grant for the state of Montana (EPS0346458) and by an ECOS Fellowship from an NSF GK-12 grant (03-38165) to the University of Montana. This project was partially supported by grants to J. L. Maron from the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (grant number 2005-35101-16040) and grants from Mclntire-Stennis and the Bureau of Land Management. NR 33 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 50 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2010 VL 91 IS 1 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1890/08-1773.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 567PG UT WOS:000275458500013 PM 20380199 ER PT J AU Royo, AA Collins, R Adams, MB Kirschbaum, C Carson, WP AF Royo, Alejandro A. Collins, Rachel Adams, Mary Beth Kirschbaum, Chad Carson, Walter P. TI Pervasive interactions between ungulate browsers and disturbance regimes promote temperate forest herbaceous diversity SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE browsing; canopy gaps; deciduous forest; fire; herbaceous species; Odocoileus virginianus; understory; West Virginia, USA; white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; APPALACHIAN HARDWOOD FOREST; MIXED-OAK FORESTS; CANOPY GAP CHARACTERISTICS; PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; BEECH-MAPLE FOREST; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; HERB LAYER AB Disruptions to historic disturbance and herbivory regimes have altered plant assemblages in forests worldwide. An emerging consensus suggests that these disruptions often result in impoverished forest biotas. This is particularly true for eastern U.S. deciduous forests where large gaps and understory fires were once relatively common and browsers were far less abundant. Although much research has focused on how disturbance and browsers affect tree diversity, far less attention has been devoted to forest understories where the vast majority (>75%) of the vascular species reside. Here we test the hypothesis that the reintroduction of disturbances resembling historic disturbance regimes and moderate levels of ungulate browsing enhance plant diversity. We explore whether once-common disturbances Mid their interaction with the top-down influence of browsers can create conditions favorable for the maintenance of a rich herbaceous layer in a region recognized as a temperate biodiversity hotspot in West Virginia, USA. We tested this hypothesis via a factorial experiment whereby we manipulated canopy gaps (presence/absence) of a size typically found in old-growth stands, low-tensity understory fire (burned/unburned), and deer browsing (fenced/unfenced). We tracked the abundance and diversity of more than 140 herb species for six years. Interactions among our treatments were pervasive. The combination of canopy gaps and understory fire increased herbaceous layer richness, cover, and diversity well beyond either disturbance alone. Furthermore. we documented evidence that deer at moderate levels of abundance promote herbaceous richness and abundance by preferentially browsing fast-growing pioneer species that thrive following co-occurring disturbances (i.e., fire and gaps). This finding sharply contrasts with the negative impact browsers have when their populations reach levels well beyond those that occurred for centuries,. Although speculative, our results suggest that interactions among fire. canopy gaps, and browsing provided a variable set of habitats and conditions across the landscape that was potentially capable of maintaining much of the plant diversity found in temperate forests. C1 [Royo, Alejandro A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. [Collins, Rachel; Carson, Walter P.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Adams, Mary Beth] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Kirschbaum, Chad] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pedro, OH 45659 USA. RP Royo, AA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, POB 267, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. EM aroyo@fs.fed.us RI Carson, Walter/A-2569-2013 FU USDA National Research Initiative Competitive [99-35101-7732]; MeadWestvaco Corporation; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station FX This work was supported by the USDA National Research Initiative Competitive Grant 99-35101-7732 to W. Carson. Additional support was Provided by MeadWestvaco Corporation and the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. We thank John Stanovick for assistance with statistical analysis and Mark Ford, Frank Gilliam, Todd Hutchinson, Todd Ristau, Tom Schuler, Susan Stout, and Melissa Thomas-Van Gundy for conversations and critiques that greatly improved this manuscript. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier draft of this paper. NR 113 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 5 U2 52 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2010 VL 91 IS 1 BP 93 EP 105 DI 10.1890/08-1680.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 567PG UT WOS:000275458500014 PM 20380200 ER PT J AU Bjornstad, ON Robinet, C Liebhold, AM AF Bjornstad, Ottar N. Robinet, Christelle Liebhold, Andrew M. TI Geographic variation in North American gypsy moth cycles: subharmonics, generalist predators, and spatial coupling SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Allee effect; gypsy moth; Lymantria dispar; nonparametric spatial covariance function; Northeastern United States; space time defoliation data; spatiotemporal dynamics; virus-insect interactions ID POPULATION-CYCLES; NATURAL ENEMIES; LARCH BUDMOTH; NEW-ENGLAND; OUTBREAKS; LEPIDOPTERA; DYNAMICS; LYMANTRIIDAE; SYNCHRONY; PATHOGENS AB Many defoliating forest lepidopterans, cause predictable periodic deforestation. Several of these species exhibit geographical variation in both the strength of periodic behavior and the frequency of cycles. The mathematical models used to describe the population dynamics of such species commonly predict that gradual variation in the underlying ecological mechanisms may lead to punctuated (subharmonic) variation in outbreak cycles through period-doubling cascades. Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, in its recently established range in the northeastern United States may represent an unusually clear natural manifestation of this phenomenon. In this Study we introduce a new statistical spatial-smoothing method for estimating outbreak periodicity from space-time defoliation data collected with spatial error. The method statistically confirms the existence of subharmonic variation in cyclicity among different forest types. Sortie xeric forest types exhibit a statistical 4-5 year period in outbreak dynamics, sortie mesic forest types a 9-10 year period, and sortie intermediate forest types a dominant 9-10 year period with it 4-5 year subdominant superharmonic. We then use a theoretical model involving gypsy moth, pathogens. and predators to investigate the possible role of geographical variation in generalist predator populations as the cause of this variation in dynamics. The model predicts that the period of gypsy moth oscillations should be positively associated with predator carrying capacity and that variation in the carrying capacity provides a parsimonious explanation of previous reports of geographical variation in gypsy Moth periodicity. Furthermore. a two-patch spatial extension of the model shows that, in the presence of spatial coupling, subharmonic attractors can coexist whereas nonharmonic attractors (i.e., where the cycle lengths are not integer multiples of one another) cannot. C1 [Bjornstad, Ottar N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bjornstad, Ottar N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Robinet, Christelle] INRA, UR Zool Forestiere 633, F-45075 Orleans, France. [Robinet, Christelle; Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Bjornstad, ON (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, 501 ASI Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM onb1@psu.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Bjornstad, Ottar/I-4518-2012 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service FX We thank Derek Johnson for his insightful comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service Grants to O. N. Bjornstad and A. M. Liebhold (2002, 2006). NR 63 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 7 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2010 VL 91 IS 1 BP 106 EP 118 DI 10.1890/08-1246.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 567PG UT WOS:000275458500015 PM 20380201 ER PT J AU Dale, VH Lowrance, R Mulholland, P Robertson, GP AF Dale, Virginia H. Lowrance, Richard Mulholland, Patrick Robertson, G. Phillip TI Bioenergy Sustainability at the Regional Scale SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE bioenergy crops; ecosystem services; landscape; management ID RYE COVER CROP; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; NITROGEN; WATER; CORN; FERTILIZATION AB The establishment of bioenergy crops will affect ecological processes and their interactions and thus has an influence on ecosystem services provided by the lands on which these crops are grown. The regional-scale effects of bioenergy choices on ecosystem services need special attention because they often have been neglected yet can affect the ecological, social, and economic aspects of sustainability. A regional-scale perspective provides the opportunity to maximize ecosystem services, particularly with regard to water quality and quantity issues, and also to consider other aspects of ecological, social, and economic sustainability. We give special attention to cellulosic feedstocks because of the opportunities they provide. C1 [Dale, Virginia H.; Mulholland, Patrick] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lowrance, Richard] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Robertson, G. Phillip] WK Kellogg Biol Stn, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. RP Dale, VH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station; UT-Battelle, LLC, for DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under the Office of the Biomass Program. Partial support was also provided by DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center and the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. Allen McBride and Peter Schweizer provided useful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. We appreciate the assistance of Frederick O'Hara in editing the manuscript and Lindsey Amason in organizing the references. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by the UT-Battelle, LLC, for DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 16 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2010 VL 15 IS 4 AR 23 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 702SW UT WOS:000285917100035 ER PT J AU Knoot, TG Schulte, LA Tyndall, JC Palik, BJ AF Knoot, Tricia G. Schulte, Lisa A. Tyndall, John C. Palik, Brian J. TI The State of the System and Steps Toward Resilience of Disturbance-dependent Oak Forests SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE conservation; oak forests; privately-owned lands; qualitative interviews; resilience; systems analysis ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; PINUS-PALUSTRIS; LAND-USE; FIRE; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE; PRESETTLEMENT; CONSERVATION AB Current ecological, economic, and social conditions present unique challenges to natural resource managers seeking to maintain the resilience of disturbance-dependent ecosystems, such as oak (Quercus spp.) forests. Oak-dominated ecosystems throughout the U. S. have historically been perpetuated through periodic disturbance, such as fire, but more recently show decline given shifting disturbance regimes associated with human land management decisions. We characterized the state of the social-ecological oak forest ecosystem in the midwestern U. S. through the perspectives of 32 natural resource professionals. Data from interviews with these change agents provided an integrative understanding of key system components, cross-scale interactions, dependencies, and feedbacks. Foremost, private landowner management decisions figured prominently in influencing oak regeneration success and were directly and indirectly shaped by a suite of interdependent ecological, e. g., deer herbivory, invasive shrub occurrence; economic, e. g., the cost of oak regeneration practices, the stumpage value of maple as compared to oak; and social forces, e. g., forestland parcelization, and personal relationships. Interviewees envisioned, and often preferred, a decline in oak dominance throughout the region, pointing to issues related to general landowner unwillingness to restore oak, the current trajectory of forest change, the threat of forest loss due to parcelization and housing development, and a combination of ecological and social factors that decrease the economic feasibility of restoration efforts. However, a decline in oak dominance may result in ecological communities that have no compositional equivalent on record and may not offer a desirable endpoint. Increasing social support offers the potential to enhance system capacity to manage for oak. C1 [Knoot, Tricia G.; Schulte, Lisa A.; Tyndall, John C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Knoot, TG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FU USDA Forest Service - Northern Research Station; Iowa State University; U.S. EPA FX We wish to thank the research participants for sharing their experiences and insights. Project guidance and helpful review comments were provided by R. Atwell, B. Danielson, N. Grudens-Schuck, J. Miller, M. Rickenbach, and two anonymous reviewers. C. Eberle, B. Jan, A. MacDonald, K. Smith, and M. Boyd participated in transcribing interviews. We received funding from the USDA Forest Service - Northern Research Station and Iowa State University. T. Knoot was a research fellow with the U.S. EPA - STAR Graduate Fellowship Program. EPA has not officially endorsed this publication and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of EPA. NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 18 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2010 VL 15 IS 4 AR 5 PG 23 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 702SW UT WOS:000285917100007 ER PT J AU Jani, AJ Faeth, SH Gardner, D AF Jani, Andrea J. Faeth, Stanley H. Gardner, Dale TI Asexual endophytes and associated alkaloids alter arthropod community structure and increase herbivore abundances on a native grass SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Achnatherum robustum; alkaloids; arthropod diversity; community genetics; community structure; defensive mutualism; endophytes; evenness; herbivory; Neotyphodium ID FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; NEOTYPHODIUM ENDOPHYTES; SUCCESSIONAL FIELDS; PLANT DIVERSITY; ARIZONA FESCUE; TALL FESCUE; MUTUALISM; SYMBIOSIS; PRODUCTIVITY AB Despite their minute biomass, microbial symbionts of plants potentially alter herbivory, diversity and community structure. Infection of grasses by asexual endophytic fungi often decreases herbivore loads and alters arthropod diversity. However, most studies to date have involved agronomic grasses and often consider only infection status (infected vs. uninfected), without explicitly measuring endophyte-produced alkaloids, which vary among endophyte isolates and may impact consumers. We combined field experiments and population surveys to investigate how endophyte infection and associated alkaloids influence abundances, species richness, evenness and guild structure of arthropod communities on a native grass, Achnatherum robustum (sleepygrass). Surprisingly, we found that endophyte-produced alkaloids were associated with increased herbivore abundances and species richness. Our results suggest that, unlike what has been found in agronomic grass systems, high alkaloid levels in native grasses may not protect host grasses from arthropod herbivores, and may instead more negatively affect natural enemies of herbivores. Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 106-117. C1 [Jani, Andrea J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Interdisciplinary Program Biomol Sci & Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Faeth, Stanley H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27204 USA. [Gardner, Dale] ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Jani, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Interdisciplinary Program Biomol Sci & Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM jani@lifesci.ucsb.edu FU NSF [DEB 0128343, DEB 0613551] FX The authors are grateful to Maggie Tseng for assistance in insect identification, C. Hayes, S. Wittlinger, L. Beard, M. R. Faeth, T. Hunt-Joshi, H. Gan, K. Chen, C. Hamilton, M. King, E. Manton, L. Morse, S. Steele, J. Navarro, R. Overson and E. Tassone for assistance in the field and lab, and to C.E. Nelson and E. Shochat for assistance with multivariate analyses. S. Richter provided statistical expertise. We thank Dr Kris Haskins and the staff at The Arboretum of Flagstaff for assistance in the field and use of facilities and the USFS Lincoln National Forest for access to field sites. This research was supported by NSF grants DEB 0128343 and 0613551 to SHF. NR 53 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 13 IS 1 BP 106 EP 117 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01401.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535UD UT WOS:000272996200012 PM 19912292 ER PT B AU Ball, VE Fanfani, R Gutierrez, L AF Ball, V. Eldon Fanfani, Roberto Gutierrez, Luciano BE Ball, VE Fanfani, R Gutierrez, L TI The Economic Impact of Public Support to Agriculture An International Perspective Introduction and Overview SO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF PUBLIC SUPPORT TO AGRICULTURE: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE SE Studies in Productivity and Efficiency LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Ball, V. Eldon] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Fanfani, Roberto] Univ Bologna, Dept Stat, Bologna, Italy. [Gutierrez, Luciano] Univ Sassari, Dept Econ & Woody Plant Ecosyst, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. RP Ball, VE (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St,NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM eball@ers.usda.gov; roberto.fanfani@unibo.it; lgutierr@uniss.it; eball@ers.usda.gov; roberto.fanfani@unibo.it; lgutierr@uniss.it NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6384-0 J9 STUD PRODUCT EFFIC PY 2010 VL 7 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6385-7_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6385-7 PG 8 WC Business; Economics; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BQM15 UT WOS:000281291100001 ER PT B AU Ball, VE Fare, R Grosskopf, S Margaritis, D AF Ball, V. Eldon Faere, Rolf Grosskopf, Shawna Margaritis, Dimitri BE Ball, VE Fanfani, R Gutierrez, L TI Productivity and Profitability of US Agriculture: Evidence from a Panel of States SO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF PUBLIC SUPPORT TO AGRICULTURE: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE SE Studies in Productivity and Efficiency LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT AB This chapter investigates the effect of R&D on US agricultural productivity using panel data at the state level for the period 1960-2004. We employ the Bennet-Bowley indicator to measure multifactor productivity based on a multiple input multiple output technology. Our findings confirm the anticipated positive effect of R&D on agricultural productivity. We also examine the relationship between price change and R&D and between profitability and R&D. We find that R&D has a negative effect on price change while the effect on profit change is positive but not statistically significant. C1 [Ball, V. Eldon] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Faere, Rolf; Grosskopf, Shawna] Oregon State Univ, Dept Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Margaritis, Dimitri] Univ Auckland, Sch Business, Dept Accounting & Finance, Auckland 1, New Zealand. RP Ball, VE (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St,NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM eball@ers.usda.gov; rolf.fare@oregonstate.edu; shawna.grosskopf@oregonstate.edu; dimitri.margaritis@aut.ac.nz; eball@ers.usda.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6384-0 J9 STUD PRODUCT EFFIC PY 2010 VL 7 BP 125 EP 139 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6385-7_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6385-7 PG 15 WC Business; Economics; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BQM15 UT WOS:000281291100007 ER PT B AU Peters, M Stillman, R Somwaru, A AF Peters, May Stillman, Richard Somwaru, Agapi BE Ball, VE Fanfani, R Gutierrez, L TI Biofuels Expansion in a Changing Economic Environment: A Global Modeling Perspective SO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF PUBLIC SUPPORT TO AGRICULTURE: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE SE Studies in Productivity and Efficiency LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter examines the impact of expanding biofuels production and use on agricultural commodity markets. It also examines the continued biofuels expansion under declining energy prices. The analysis uses a Partial Equilibrium Agricultural Trade Simulation (PEATSim) model, a dynamic multi-commodity, multi-country global trade model of the agriculture sector to analyze the interaction between biofuel, crop, and livestock sectors. The ability of countries to achieve their energy goals will be affected by future direction of petroleum prices. A 30% decline in petroleum prices (absent of mandates) would result in rapid decline in biofuel use worldwide accompanied by a decline in feedstock and biofuel prices. C1 [Peters, May; Stillman, Richard; Somwaru, Agapi] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Peters, M (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM mpeters@ers.usda.gov; stillman@ers.usda.gov; agapi@ers.usda.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6384-0 J9 STUD PRODUCT EFFIC PY 2010 VL 7 BP 143 EP 154 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6385-7_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6385-7 PG 12 WC Business; Economics; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BQM15 UT WOS:000281291100008 ER PT B AU Kim, CS Schaible, G Daberkow, S AF Kim, C. S. Schaible, Glenn Daberkow, Stan BE Ball, VE Fanfani, R Gutierrez, L TI Modeling the Effects of US Biofuel Policies on Commodity and Energy Markets SO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF PUBLIC SUPPORT TO AGRICULTURE: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE SE Studies in Productivity and Efficiency LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The Renewable Fuel Standard under the Energy Policy Act of 2005 redefines ethanol as a renewable domestic fuel supply, rather than just a fuel oxygenate, while the American Job Creation Act of 2004 creates biofuel tax credits and the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 mandates biofuel blending. We formulate an integrated economic simulation model of corn/soybean and biofuel production to simultaneously evaluate the impacts of U.S. biofuel policies on domestic commodity and energy prices. The model is used to demonstrate that first, while ethanol production increases due to both the ethanol tax credit and a blending mandate, conventional gasoline production would decline as a result of the blending mandate. These results are supported by current energy data. Therefore, there is no evidence that blended gasoline price would be higher without mandated ethanol production. Second, both domestic corn and ethanol production as well as ethanol imports would slightly decline due to the blenders' market power effects when the tax credit for ethanol is reduced to $0.45 per gallon (beginning in January 2009), but the blended gasoline price would be higher at the pump so that total gasoline consumption would decline. C1 [Kim, C. S.; Schaible, Glenn] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM ckim@ers.usda.gov; schaible@ers.usda.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6384-0 J9 STUD PRODUCT EFFIC PY 2010 VL 7 BP 171 EP 190 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6385-7_10 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6385-7 PG 20 WC Business; Economics; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BQM15 UT WOS:000281291100010 ER PT B AU Ball, VE Butault, JP Juan, C Mora, R AF Ball, V. Eldon Butault, J. -P. San Juan, Carlos Mora, Ricardo BE Ball, VE Fanfani, R Gutierrez, L TI Agricultural Competitiveness SO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF PUBLIC SUPPORT TO AGRICULTURE: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE SE Studies in Productivity and Efficiency LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRODUCTIVITY AB This study looks at international competitiveness of agriculture in the United States and the European Union. At the outset, it is necessary to define a measure of competitiveness. We define international competitiveness as the price of output in the member states of the European Union relative to that in the United States. We then decompose relative price movements into changes in relative input prices and changes in relative productivity levels. Our price comparisons indicate that the United States was more competitive than its European counterparts throughout the period 1973-2002, except for the years 1973-1974 and 1983-1985. Our results also suggest that the relative productivity level was the most important factor in determining international competitiveness. Over time, however, changes in competitiveness were strongly influenced by variations in exchange rates through their impact on relative input prices. During the periods 1979-1984 and 1996-2001, the strengthening dollar helped the European countries improve their competitive position, even as their relative productivity performance lagged. C1 [Ball, V. Eldon] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [San Juan, Carlos; Mora, Ricardo] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Econ, Madrid, Spain. RP Ball, VE (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St,NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM eball@ers.usda.gov; csj@eco.uc3m.es; ricmora@eco.uc3m.es; eball@ers.usda.gov OI SAN JUAN, CARLOS/0000-0003-1955-7303 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6384-0 J9 STUD PRODUCT EFFIC PY 2010 VL 7 BP 243 EP 271 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6385-7_13 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6385-7 PG 29 WC Business; Economics; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BQM15 UT WOS:000281291100013 ER PT B AU Ball, VE Cavazos, R LaFrance, J Pope, R Tack, J AF Ball, V. Eldon Cavazos, Ricardo LaFrance, Jeffrey Pope, Rulon Tack, Jesse BE Ball, VE Fanfani, R Gutierrez, L TI Aggregation and Arbitrage in Joint Production SO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF PUBLIC SUPPORT TO AGRICULTURE: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE SE Studies in Productivity and Efficiency LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEMAND SYSTEMS; CONSUMER-BEHAVIOR; PRODUCTION UNCERTAINTY; INCOME-DISTRIBUTION; COST-FUNCTIONS; ENGEL CURVES; THEOREM; GORMAN; RANK; TECHNOLOGIES AB Two common problems in econometric models of production are aggregation and unobservable variables. Many production processes are subject to production shocks, hence both expected and realized output is unknown when inputs are committed. Expectations processes are notoriously difficult to model, especially when working with aggregated data or risk-averse decision makers. Duality methods for the incomplete systems of consumer demand equations are adapted to the dual structure of variable cost function in joint production. This allows the identification of necessary and sufficient restrictions on technology and cost so that the conditional factor demands can be written as functions of input prices, fixed inputs, and cost. These are observable when the variable inputs are chosen and committed to production, hence the identified restrictions allow ex ante conditional demands to be studied using only observable data. This class of production technologies is consistent with all von Neumann-Morgenstern utility functions when ex post production is uncertain. We then derive the complete class of input demand systems that are exactly aggregable, can be specified and estimated with observable data, and are consistent with economic theory for all von Neumann/Morgenstern risk preferences. We extend this to a general and flexible class of input demand systems that can be used to nest and test for aggregation, global economic regularity, functional form, and flexibility. The theory is applied to U.S. agricultural production and crop acreage allocation decisions by state for the years 1960-1999. Ongoing work includes applying this model to a recently updated data set created by the USDA/ERS through 2004 and estimating the intensive and extensive margin effects for state-level crop production with a stochastic dynamic programming model of risk aversion, asset management, and adjustment costs. C1 [Ball, V. Eldon] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [LaFrance, Jeffrey] Washington State Univ, Sch Econ Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Pope, Rulon] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Econ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Tack, Jesse] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Ball, VE (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St,NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM eball@ers.usda.gov; jtlafrance@wsu.edu; rulon_pope@byu.edu; tack@agecon.msstate.edu; eball@ers.usda.gov NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6384-0 J9 STUD PRODUCT EFFIC PY 2010 VL 7 BP 309 EP 328 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6385-7_16 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6385-7 PG 20 WC Business; Economics; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BQM15 UT WOS:000281291100016 ER PT B AU Livingston, M Erickson, K Mishra, A AF Livingston, Michael Erickson, Ken Mishra, Ashok BE Ball, VE Fanfani, R Gutierrez, L TI Standard and Bayesian Random Coefficient Model Estimation of US Corn-Soybean Farmer Risk Attitudes SO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF PUBLIC SUPPORT TO AGRICULTURE: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE SE Studies in Productivity and Efficiency LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB We estimated standard and Bayesian random coefficient models (RCMs) to examine the risk attitudes of US corn soybean farmers by revenue class using national survey data covering the 2000-2006 growing seasons. Attitudes toward risk are shown to depend on revenue class, with the magnitude of the effect being relatively small. The hypothesis of risk-neutral preferences is not rejected for small- or medium-revenue farmers but is rejected, in favor of a very slight level of risk tolerance, for large- and very large-revenue farmers and for the entire sample of farmer types. The hypothesis of downside risk neutrality is not rejected for small-revenue farmers but is rejected, in favor of a very slight level of downside risk aversion, for medium-, large-, and very large-revenue farmers. Although risk neutrality is rejected for the entire sample of farmer types, the magnitudes of our estimates of the coefficients of absolute risk aversion and absolute downside risk aversion are extremely small. This suggests that the frequent assumption of risk-neutral preferences adopted in the agricultural economics literature is justifiable for the case of US corn soybean farmers during 2000-2006. C1 [Livingston, Michael] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Mishra, Ashok] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Livingston, M (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM mlivingston@ers.usda.gov; amishra@lsu.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6384-0 J9 STUD PRODUCT EFFIC PY 2010 VL 7 BP 329 EP 343 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6385-7_17 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6385-7 PG 15 WC Business; Economics; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BQM15 UT WOS:000281291100017 ER PT B AU Campostrini, E Glenn, DM Yamanishi, OK AF Campostrini, Eliemar Glenn, David M. Yamanishi, Osvaldo K. BE DeMatta, F TI PAPAYA: ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF GROWTH AND PRODUCTION SO ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF TROPICAL TREE CROPS SE Agriculture Issues and Policies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; WATER-STRESS; SAP FLOW; PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SEEDLINGS; APPLE; FLUORESCENCE; METABOLISM AB Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a principal horticultural crop of tropical and subtropical regions. Knowledge of how papaya responds to environmental factors provides a scientific basis for the development of management strategies to optimize fruit yield and quality. A better understanding of genotypic responses to specific environmental factors will contribute to efficient agricultural zoning and papaya breeding programs. The objective of this chapter is to present current research knowledge related to the effect of environmental factors and their interaction with the photosynthetic process and whole-plant physiology. We demonstrate that environmental factors such as light, wind, soil chemical and physical characteristics, temperature, soil water, relative humidity, and biotic factors such as mycorrhizal fungi and genotype profoundly affect the productivity and physiology of papaya. An understanding of the environmental factors and their interaction with physiological processes is extremely important for economically sustainable production in the nursery or in the field. With improved, science-based management, growers will optimize photosynthetic carbon assimilation and increase papaya fruit productivity and quality. C1 [Campostrini, Eliemar] Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Setor Fisiol Vegetal, Ctr Ciencias & Tecnol Agropecuarias, BR-28015620 Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. [Glenn, David M.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Yamanishi, Osvaldo K.] Univ Brasilia, Fac Agron & Med Vet, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Campostrini, E (reprint author), Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Setor Fisiol Vegetal, Ctr Ciencias & Tecnol Agropecuarias, BR-28015620 Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. OI Campostrini, Eliemar/0000-0002-1329-1084 NR 93 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-392-4 J9 AGR ISSUES POLICIES PY 2010 BP 287 EP 307 PG 21 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BRQ91 UT WOS:000283458400011 ER PT J AU Nossov, DR Ruess, RW Hollingsworth, TN AF Nossov, Dana R. Ruess, Roger W. Hollingsworth, Teresa N. TI Climate sensitivity of thinleaf alder growth on an interior Alaskan floodplain SO ECOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Alnus; climate change; dendroecology; drought stress; nitrogen fixation ID TANANA RIVER FLOODPLAIN; DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX; NITROGEN-FIXATION; STABLE-ISOTOPE; UNITED-STATES; WHITE SPRUCE; WATER-UPTAKE; TREE-GROWTH; LIMITATIONS; VEGETATION AB This study examined the climate sensitivity of the growth of riparian Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (thinleaf alder), a keystone nitrogen-fixer, on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska. We investigated correlations between alder radial growth and inter-annual variation in monthly meteorology and hydrology, spatial patterns of alder climate sensitivity in relationship to depth of subsurface water, and long-term climatic trends. Annual radial growth of alder was positively correlated with June precipitation, river discharge, and Palmer Drought Severity Index values and was negatively correlated with June temperature, suggesting a susceptibility of growth to early-season moisture limitation, due to the co-occurrence of dry meteorological conditions and low levels of hyporheic flow. Alder radial growth was positively correlated with August discharge and July temperature, suggesting that moisture may also be limiting in August, but not in July. The sensitivity of alder growth to variation in temperature and precipitation was greater on higher terraces where depth to water table was greater, while the sensitivity to variation in river level was greater on lower terraces, suggesting that subsurface water more strongly influences moisture availability at these sites. Long-term climatic trends in this region suggest increasing drought conditions; however, the overall influence on alder growth and associated rates of nitrogen fixation are uncertain due to the contrasting relationship of growth with climate in June/August versus July. C1 [Nossov, Dana R.; Ruess, Roger W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Nossov, Dana R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hollingsworth, Teresa N.] US Forest Serv, Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Nossov, DR (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM drnossov@alaska.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0620579, DEB-0641033]; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station [PNW01-JV11261952-231]; University of Alaska Fairbanks, Center for Global Change FX We thank D. Walker, S. Brown, B. Charlton, and L. Gutierrez for their generous assistance with this project in the field and in the laboratory. We are grateful for the constructive feedback and advice of S. Winslow, G. Juday, A. Lloyd, and K. Kielland. Funding for the research was provided by the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program (funded jointly by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0620579 and USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station grant PNW01-JV11261952-231), by a University of Alaska Fairbanks, Center for Global Change Student Award to D. R. Nossov, and by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0641033 to R. W. Ruess. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU UNIVERSITE LAVAL PI ST FOY PA PAVILLON CHARLES-EUGENE MARCHAND, LOCAL 0166, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA SN 1195-6860 J9 ECOSCIENCE JI Ecoscience PY 2010 VL 17 IS 3 BP 312 EP 320 DI 10.2980/17-3-3326 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662RA UT WOS:000282827800008 ER PT J AU Peterson, CH Costa-Pierce, BA Dumbauld, BR Friedman, C Hofmann, EE Kite-Powell, H Manahan, DT O'Beirn, F Paine, RT Thompson, P Whitlatch, R Bostrom, J Roberts, S Justice, J Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA Mengelt, C Glickson, D Banskota, S Lewis, P Chiarello, H Justice, J AF Peterson, Charles (Pete) H. Costa-Pierce, Barry A. Dumbauld, Brett R. Friedman, Carolyn Hofmann, Eileen E. Kite-Powell, Haukuke Manahan, Donal T. O'Beirn, Francis Paine, Robert T. Thompson, Paul Whitlatch, Robert Bostrom, Jodi Roberts, Susan Justice, Jeremy Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. Mengelt, Claudia Glickson, Deborah Banskota, Shubha Lewis, Pamela Chiarello, Heather Justice, Jeremy CA Comm Best Practices Shellfish Mari Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIVALVE MARICULTURE Summary SO ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIVALVE MARICULTURE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; SUSPENSION-FEEDING BIVALVES; MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; ABALONE HALIOTIS-CRACHERODII; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; CANDIDATUS-XENOHALIOTIS-CALIFORNIENSIS; RICKETTSIALES-LIKE PROKARYOTE; CLAM POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS C1 [Peterson, Charles (Pete) H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Sea Grant Coll Program, Narragansett, RI USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA, ARS, Newport, OR USA. [Friedman, Carolyn] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. [Kite-Powell, Haukuke] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Manahan, Donal T.] Univ So Calif, Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [O'Beirn, Francis] Inst Marine, Galway, Ireland. [Paine, Robert T.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thompson, Paul] Univ Aberdeen, Zool, Cromarty, Scotland. [Whitlatch, Robert] Univ Connecticut, Marine Sci, Groton, CT USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.; Kim, Kiho] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Holman, Robert A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NR 671 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14695-1 PY 2010 BP 1 EP + PG 53 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BC3XD UT WOS:000352024700001 ER PT J AU Peterson, CH Costa-Pierce, BA Dumbauld, BR Friedman, C Hofmann, EE Kite-Powell, H Manahan, DT O'Beirn, F Paine, RT Thompson, P Whitlatch, R Bostrom, J Roberts, S Justice, J Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA Mengelt, C Glickson, D Banskota, S Lewis, P Chiarello, H Justice, J AF Peterson, Charles (Pete) H. Costa-Pierce, Barry A. Dumbauld, Brett R. Friedman, Carolyn Hofmann, Eileen E. Kite-Powell, Haukuke Manahan, Donal T. O'Beirn, Francis Paine, Robert T. Thompson, Paul Whitlatch, Robert Bostrom, Jodi Roberts, Susan Justice, Jeremy Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. Mengelt, Claudia Glickson, Deborah Banskota, Shubha Lewis, Pamela Chiarello, Heather Justice, Jeremy CA Comm Best Practices Shellfish Mari Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIVALVE MARICULTURE Introduction SO ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIVALVE MARICULTURE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Peterson, Charles (Pete) H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Sea Grant Coll Program, Narragansett, RI USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA, ARS, Newport, OR USA. [Friedman, Carolyn] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. [Kite-Powell, Haukuke] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Manahan, Donal T.] Univ So Calif, Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [O'Beirn, Francis] Inst Marine, Galway, Ireland. [Paine, Robert T.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thompson, Paul] Univ Aberdeen, Zool, Cromarty, Scotland. [Whitlatch, Robert] Univ Connecticut, Marine Sci, Groton, CT USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.; Kim, Kiho] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Holman, Robert A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14695-1 PY 2010 BP 17 EP 27 PG 11 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BC3XD UT WOS:000352024700002 ER PT J AU Peterson, CH Costa-Pierce, BA Dumbauld, BR Friedman, C Hofmann, EE Kite-Powell, H Manahan, DT O'Beirn, F Paine, RT Thompson, P Whitlatch, R Bostrom, J Roberts, S Justice, J Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA Mengelt, C Glickson, D Banskota, S Lewis, P Chiarello, H Justice, J AF Peterson, Charles (Pete) H. Costa-Pierce, Barry A. Dumbauld, Brett R. Friedman, Carolyn Hofmann, Eileen E. Kite-Powell, Haukuke Manahan, Donal T. O'Beirn, Francis Paine, Robert T. Thompson, Paul Whitlatch, Robert Bostrom, Jodi Roberts, Susan Justice, Jeremy Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. Mengelt, Claudia Glickson, Deborah Banskota, Shubha Lewis, Pamela Chiarello, Heather Justice, Jeremy CA Comm Best Practices Shellfish Mari Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Best Management Practices and Performance Standards SO ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIVALVE MARICULTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Peterson, Charles (Pete) H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Sea Grant Coll Program, Narragansett, RI USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA, ARS, Newport, OR USA. [Friedman, Carolyn] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. [Kite-Powell, Haukuke] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Manahan, Donal T.] Univ So Calif, Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [O'Beirn, Francis] Inst Marine, Galway, Ireland. [Paine, Robert T.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thompson, Paul] Univ Aberdeen, Zool, Cromarty, Scotland. [Whitlatch, Robert] Univ Connecticut, Marine Sci, Groton, CT USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.; Kim, Kiho] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Holman, Robert A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14695-1 PY 2010 BP 29 EP 37 PG 9 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BC3XD UT WOS:000352024700003 ER PT J AU Peterson, CH Costa-Pierce, BA Dumbauld, BR Friedman, C Hofmann, EE Kite-Powell, H Manahan, DT O'Beirn, F Paine, RT Thompson, P Whitlatch, R Bostrom, J Roberts, S Justice, J Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA Mengelt, C Glickson, D Banskota, S Lewis, P Chiarello, H Justice, J AF Peterson, Charles (Pete) H. Costa-Pierce, Barry A. Dumbauld, Brett R. Friedman, Carolyn Hofmann, Eileen E. Kite-Powell, Haukuke Manahan, Donal T. O'Beirn, Francis Paine, Robert T. Thompson, Paul Whitlatch, Robert Bostrom, Jodi Roberts, Susan Justice, Jeremy Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. Mengelt, Claudia Glickson, Deborah Banskota, Shubha Lewis, Pamela Chiarello, Heather Justice, Jeremy CA Comm Best Practices Shellfish Mari Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Ecological Effects of Bivalve Mariculture SO ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIVALVE MARICULTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Peterson, Charles (Pete) H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Sea Grant Coll Program, Narragansett, RI USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA, ARS, Newport, OR USA. [Friedman, Carolyn] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. [Kite-Powell, Haukuke] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Manahan, Donal T.] Univ So Calif, Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [O'Beirn, Francis] Inst Marine, Galway, Ireland. [Paine, Robert T.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thompson, Paul] Univ Aberdeen, Zool, Cromarty, Scotland. [Whitlatch, Robert] Univ Connecticut, Marine Sci, Groton, CT USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.; Kim, Kiho] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Holman, Robert A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14695-1 PY 2010 BP 39 EP 72 PG 34 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BC3XD UT WOS:000352024700004 ER PT J AU Peterson, CH Costa-Pierce, BA Dumbauld, BR Friedman, C Hofmann, EE Kite-Powell, H Manahan, DT O'Beirn, F Paine, RT Thompson, P Whitlatch, R Bostrom, J Roberts, S Justice, J Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA Mengelt, C Glickson, D Banskota, S Lewis, P Chiarello, H Justice, J AF Peterson, Charles (Pete) H. Costa-Pierce, Barry A. Dumbauld, Brett R. Friedman, Carolyn Hofmann, Eileen E. Kite-Powell, Haukuke Manahan, Donal T. O'Beirn, Francis Paine, Robert T. Thompson, Paul Whitlatch, Robert Bostrom, Jodi Roberts, Susan Justice, Jeremy Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. Mengelt, Claudia Glickson, Deborah Banskota, Shubha Lewis, Pamela Chiarello, Heather Justice, Jeremy CA Comm Best Practices Shellfish Mari Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Bivalve Mariculture Contrasted with Wild Fisheries SO ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIVALVE MARICULTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Peterson, Charles (Pete) H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Sea Grant Coll Program, Narragansett, RI USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA, ARS, Newport, OR USA. [Friedman, Carolyn] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. [Kite-Powell, Haukuke] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Manahan, Donal T.] Univ So Calif, Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [O'Beirn, Francis] Inst Marine, Galway, Ireland. [Paine, Robert T.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thompson, Paul] Univ Aberdeen, Zool, Cromarty, Scotland. [Whitlatch, Robert] Univ Connecticut, Marine Sci, Groton, CT USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.; Kim, Kiho] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Holman, Robert A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14695-1 PY 2010 BP 73 EP 86 PG 14 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BC3XD UT WOS:000352024700005 ER PT J AU Peterson, CH Costa-Pierce, BA Dumbauld, BR Friedman, C Hofmann, EE Kite-Powell, H Manahan, DT O'Beirn, F Paine, RT Thompson, P Whitlatch, R Bostrom, J Roberts, S Justice, J Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA Mengelt, C Glickson, D Banskota, S Lewis, P Chiarello, H Justice, J AF Peterson, Charles (Pete) H. Costa-Pierce, Barry A. Dumbauld, Brett R. Friedman, Carolyn Hofmann, Eileen E. Kite-Powell, Haukuke Manahan, Donal T. O'Beirn, Francis Paine, Robert T. Thompson, Paul Whitlatch, Robert Bostrom, Jodi Roberts, Susan Justice, Jeremy Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. Mengelt, Claudia Glickson, Deborah Banskota, Shubha Lewis, Pamela Chiarello, Heather Justice, Jeremy CA Comm Best Practices Shellfish Mari Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Carrying Capacity and Bivalve Mariculture SO ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIVALVE MARICULTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Peterson, Charles (Pete) H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Sea Grant Coll Program, Narragansett, RI USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA, ARS, Newport, OR USA. [Friedman, Carolyn] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. [Kite-Powell, Haukuke] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Manahan, Donal T.] Univ So Calif, Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [O'Beirn, Francis] Inst Marine, Galway, Ireland. [Paine, Robert T.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thompson, Paul] Univ Aberdeen, Zool, Cromarty, Scotland. [Whitlatch, Robert] Univ Connecticut, Marine Sci, Groton, CT USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.; Kim, Kiho] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Holman, Robert A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14695-1 PY 2010 BP 87 EP 106 PG 20 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BC3XD UT WOS:000352024700006 ER PT J AU Peterson, CH Costa-Pierce, BA Dumbauld, BR Friedman, C Hofmann, EE Kite-Powell, H Manahan, DT O'Beirn, F Paine, RT Thompson, P Whitlatch, R Bostrom, J Roberts, S Justice, J Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA Mengelt, C Glickson, D Banskota, S Lewis, P Chiarello, H Justice, J AF Peterson, Charles (Pete) H. Costa-Pierce, Barry A. Dumbauld, Brett R. Friedman, Carolyn Hofmann, Eileen E. Kite-Powell, Haukuke Manahan, Donal T. O'Beirn, Francis Paine, Robert T. Thompson, Paul Whitlatch, Robert Bostrom, Jodi Roberts, Susan Justice, Jeremy Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. Mengelt, Claudia Glickson, Deborah Banskota, Shubha Lewis, Pamela Chiarello, Heather Justice, Jeremy CA Comm Best Practices Shellfish Mari Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Economic and Policy Factors Affecting Bivalve Mariculture SO ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIVALVE MARICULTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Peterson, Charles (Pete) H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Sea Grant Coll Program, Narragansett, RI USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA, ARS, Newport, OR USA. [Friedman, Carolyn] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. [Kite-Powell, Haukuke] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Manahan, Donal T.] Univ So Calif, Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [O'Beirn, Francis] Inst Marine, Galway, Ireland. [Paine, Robert T.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thompson, Paul] Univ Aberdeen, Zool, Cromarty, Scotland. [Whitlatch, Robert] Univ Connecticut, Marine Sci, Groton, CT USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.; Kim, Kiho] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Holman, Robert A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14695-1 PY 2010 BP 107 EP 122 PG 16 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BC3XD UT WOS:000352024700007 ER PT J AU Peterson, CH Costa-Pierce, BA Dumbauld, BR Friedman, C Hofmann, EE Kite-Powell, H Manahan, DT O'Beirn, F Paine, RT Thompson, P Whitlatch, R Bostrom, J Roberts, S Justice, J Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA Mengelt, C Glickson, D Banskota, S Lewis, P Chiarello, H Justice, J AF Peterson, Charles (Pete) H. Costa-Pierce, Barry A. Dumbauld, Brett R. Friedman, Carolyn Hofmann, Eileen E. Kite-Powell, Haukuke Manahan, Donal T. O'Beirn, Francis Paine, Robert T. Thompson, Paul Whitlatch, Robert Bostrom, Jodi Roberts, Susan Justice, Jeremy Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. Mengelt, Claudia Glickson, Deborah Banskota, Shubha Lewis, Pamela Chiarello, Heather Justice, Jeremy CA Comm Best Practices Shellfish Mari Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Ecosystem Services of Bivalves: Implications for Restoration SO ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIVALVE MARICULTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Peterson, Charles (Pete) H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Sea Grant Coll Program, Narragansett, RI USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA, ARS, Newport, OR USA. [Friedman, Carolyn] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. [Kite-Powell, Haukuke] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Manahan, Donal T.] Univ So Calif, Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [O'Beirn, Francis] Inst Marine, Galway, Ireland. [Paine, Robert T.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thompson, Paul] Univ Aberdeen, Zool, Cromarty, Scotland. [Whitlatch, Robert] Univ Connecticut, Marine Sci, Groton, CT USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.; Kim, Kiho] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Holman, Robert A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14695-1 PY 2010 BP 123 EP 132 PG 10 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BC3XD UT WOS:000352024700008 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Cahoon, DR Allen, JA Ewel, KC Lynch, JC Cormier, N AF Krauss, Ken W. Cahoon, Donald R. Allen, James A. Ewel, Katherine C. Lynch, James C. Cormier, Nicole TI Surface Elevation Change and Susceptibility of Different Mangrove Zones to Sea-Level Rise on Pacific High Islands of Micronesia SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE disturbance; hydrogeomorphic zone; sea-level rise; subsidence; surface-elevation table; vertical accretion; wetlands; Federated States of Micronesia ID HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION; SEDIMENT ELEVATION; SOIL ELEVATION; SALT MARSHES; FORESTS; VEGETATION; ACCRETION; WETLAND; BAY; VULNERABILITY AB Mangroves on Pacific high islands offer a number of important ecosystem services to both natural ecological communities and human societies. High islands are subjected to constant erosion over geologic time, which establishes an important source of terrigeneous sediment for nearby marine communities. Many of these sediments are deposited in mangrove forests and offer mangroves a potentially important means for adjusting surface elevation with rising sea level. In this study, we investigated sedimentation and elevation dynamics of mangrove forests in three hydrogeomorphic settings on the islands of Kosrae and Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). Surface accretion rates ranged from 2.9 to 20.8 mm y(-1), and are high for naturally occurring mangroves. Although mangrove forests in Micronesian high islands appear to have a strong capacity to offset elevation losses by way of sedimentation, elevation change over 6 years ranged from -3.2 to 4.1 mm y(-1), depending on the location. Mangrove surface elevation change also varied by hydrogeomorphic setting and river, and suggested differential, and not uniformly bleak, susceptibilities among Pacific high island mangroves to sea-level rise. Fringe, riverine, and interior settings registered elevation changes of -1.30, 0.46, and 1.56 mm y-1, respectively, with the greatest elevation deficit (-3.2 mm y(-1)) from a fringe zone on Pohnpei and the highest rate of elevation gain (4.1 mm y(-1)) from an interior zone on Kosrae. Relative to sea-level rise estimates for FSM (0.8-1.8 mm y(-1)) and assuming a consistent linear trend in these estimates, soil elevations in mangroves on Kosrae and Pohnpei are experiencing between an annual deficit of 4.95 mm and an annual surplus of 3.28 mm. Although natural disturbances are important in mediating elevation gain in some situations, constant allochthonous sediment deposition probably matters most on these Pacific high islands, and is especially helpful in certain hydrogeomorphic zones. Fringe mangrove forests are most susceptible to sea-level rise, such that protection of these outer zones from anthropogenic disturbances ( for example, harvesting) may slow the rate at which these zones convert to open water. C1 [Krauss, Ken W.; Allen, James A.; Ewel, Katherine C.; Cormier, Nicole] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Cahoon, Donald R.; Lynch, James C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Krauss, Ken W.; Cormier, Nicole] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Allen, James A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Ewel, Katherine C.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 60 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM kkrauss@usgs.gov RI Allen, James/K-9141-2013 OI Allen, James/0000-0001-6459-5734 NR 60 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2010 VL 13 IS 1 BP 129 EP 143 DI 10.1007/s10021-009-9307-8 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 563XT UT WOS:000275172700010 ER PT J AU Davis, SC Parton, WJ Dohleman, FG Smith, CM Del Grosso, S Kent, AD DeLucia, EH AF Davis, Sarah C. Parton, William J. Dohleman, Frank G. Smith, Candice M. Del Grosso, Stephen Kent, Angela D. DeLucia, Evan H. TI Comparative Biogeochemical Cycles of Bioenergy Crops Reveal Nitrogen-Fixation and Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a Miscanthus x giganteus Agro-Ecosystem SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE biofuel; bioenergy; carbon sequestration; cellulosic; corn; DAYCENT; ethanol; prairie; switchgrass; soil carbon ID LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; ZEA-MAYS L; ACETOBACTER-DIAZOTROPHICUS; C-4-GRASS MISCANTHUS; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; ENERGY-CONVERSION; GROWTH; SUGARCANE; DAYCENT; BIOFUEL AB We evaluated the biogeochemical cycling and relative greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential of proposed biofuel feedstock crops by modeling growth dynamics of Miscanthus x giganteus Greef et Deuter (miscanthus), Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass), Zea mays L. (corn), and a mixed prairie community under identical field conditions. DAYCENT model simulations for miscanthus were parameterized with data from trial plots in Europe and Illinois, USA. Switchgrass, corn, and prairie ecosystems were simulated using parameters published in the literature. A previously unknown source of nitrogen (N) was necessary to balance the plant nutrient budget in miscanthus crops, leading us to hypothesize that miscanthus growth depends on N-fixation. We tested for nitrogenase activity by acetylene reduction of whole rhizomes and bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere and miscanthus tissue. Our results supported the hypothesis that biological N-fixation contributed to the N demand of miscanthus, a highly productive perennial grass. Corn agro-ecosystems emit 956 to 1899 g CO(2eq) m(-2) y(-1) greater GHGs (including CO(2), N(2)O, CH(4)) to the atmosphere than the other biofuel crop alternatives because of greater N(2)O emissions from fertilizer additions. Of the feedstock crops evaluated in this study, miscanthus would result in the greatest GHG reduction. C1 [Davis, Sarah C.; DeLucia, Evan H.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Davis, Sarah C.; Dohleman, Frank G.; DeLucia, Evan H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Parton, William J.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resources & Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Smith, Candice M.; Kent, Angela D.; DeLucia, Evan H.] Univ Illinois, Energy Biosci Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Del Grosso, Stephen] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Kent, Angela D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP DeLucia, EH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM delucia@illinois.edu OI Davis, Sarah/0000-0002-8156-2042 FU Energy Biosciences Institute; Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois; Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA FX This research was funded by the Energy Biosciences Institute and the Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA. NR 53 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 5 U2 80 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2010 VL 13 IS 1 BP 144 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s10021-009-9306-9 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 563XT UT WOS:000275172700011 ER PT J AU McConnell, LL Sparling, DW AF McConnell, Laura L. Sparling, Donald W. BE Sparling, DW Linder, G Bishop, CA Krest, SK TI Emerging Contaminants and Their Potential Effects on Amphibians and Reptiles SO ECOTOXICOLOGY OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; WATER TREATMENT PLANTS; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE PFOS; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; ORGANIC UV FILTERS; FROG RANA-PIPIENS C1 [McConnell, Laura L.] USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sparling, Donald W.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP McConnell, LL (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 127 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6417-9 PY 2010 BP 487 EP 509 DI 10.1201/EBK1420064162-c15 D2 10.1201/EBK1420064162 PG 23 WC Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BTP33 UT WOS:000287695500017 ER PT B AU Hubbard, RK AF Hubbard, Robert K. BE Shah, V TI Floating Vegetated Mats for Improving Surface Water Quality SO EMERGING ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES, VOL II LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Water quality; Surface water bodies; Animal wastewater lagoons; Floating vegetated mats; Nitrogen; Phosphorus ID AQUACULTURE WASTE-WATER; SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT; GROUNDWATER QUALITY; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; CLADIUM-JAMAICENSE; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; TYPHA-DOMINGENSIS AB Contamination of surface and ground waters is an environmental concern. Pollution from both point and nonpoint sources can render water unsuitable for use. Surface waters of concern include streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, canals, and wastewater lagoons. Lagooned wastewater from confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) represents an extreme in water quality problems. Wastewater lagoons are used for primary treatment which includes settling of solids and loss of vases by volatilization. Additional methods are often used to treat the wastewater from the lagoons. These methods include passing the wastewater through constructed wetlands, where both plant uptake and biological processes such as denitrification remove or retain nutrients, and application of the wastewater to agricultural or forestry land. A new concept for improving surface water quality including that of wastewater lagoons is to grow vegetation on floating platforms in the water body. Little research has been conducted in this area, although this technology basically is application of hydroponics using floating platforms for the vegetation which then utilizes nutrients contained in the contaminated waters. Research conducted by USDA-ARS and the University of Georgia at Tifton, GA has focused on determining; the feasibility of growing vegetation to produce biomass and remove nutrients from contaminated surface water bodies. The research has shown that different plant species can be found to grow on floating platforms in a range of different water qualities. In the most contaminated water tested thus far, anaerobic swine lagoon wastewater, it was determined that plants remove nutrients to their maximum capacity such that total removal of nutrients from the water body is a function of biomass produced. This chapter explains the concepts and techniques involved in using floating vegetated mats on contaminated water bodies for nutrient removal, reports results from completed studies, discusses ongoing projects, and identifies research needs for this emerging technology. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Hubbard, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Bob.Hubbard@ars.usda.gov NR 99 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-3351-2 PY 2010 BP 211 EP 244 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3352-9_9 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-3352-9 PG 34 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BMS45 UT WOS:000273466000009 ER PT S AU Wesley, IV Miller, WG AF Wesley, Irene V. Miller, William G. BE Scheld, WM Grayson, ML Hughes, JM TI Arcobacter: an Opportunistic Human Food-Borne Pathogen? SO EMERGING INFECTIONS 9 SE Emerging Infections Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM; SEQUENCE TYPING SYSTEM; WASTE-WATER SAMPLES; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; AEROTOLERANT CAMPYLOBACTER; SP-NOV; MULTIPLEX PCR; CRYAEROPHILUS INFECTION; RAINBOW-TROUT; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY C1 [Wesley, Irene V.] ARS, Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Natl Ctr Anim Hlth,USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Miller, William G.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wesley, IV (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Natl Ctr Anim Hlth,USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 168 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1542-4502 BN 978-1-55581-525-7 J9 EMERG INFECT JI Emerg. Infect. PY 2010 VL 9 BP 185 EP 212 PG 28 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BTW84 UT WOS:000288320400011 ER PT S AU Fletcher, J Luster, D Bostock, R Burans, J Cardwell, K Gottwald, T McDaniel, L Royer, M Smith, K AF Fletcher, Jacqueline Luster, Douglas Bostock, Richard Burans, James Cardwell, Kitty Gottwald, Tim McDaniel, Larry Royer, Matt Smith, Kent BE Scheld, WM Grayson, ML Hughes, JM TI Emerging Infectious Plant Diseases SO EMERGING INFECTIONS 9 SE Emerging Infections Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID F-SP TRITICI; RUST PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI; CITRUS CANKER EPIDEMIC; SOYBEAN RUST; RESISTANCE; VIRULENCE; PARAGUAY; FLORIDA; AGRICULTURE; PATHOGENS C1 [Fletcher, Jacqueline] Oklahoma State Univ, Natl Inst Microbial Forens & Food & Agr Biosecur, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Luster, Douglas] ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res, USDA, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Bostock, Richard] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Burans, James] Natl Bioforens Anal Ctr, Dept Homeland Secur, Frederick, MD 21703 USA. [Cardwell, Kitty] Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Gottwald, Tim] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [McDaniel, Larry] US Custom & Border Protect, Dept Homeland Secur, Washington, DC 20229 USA. [Royer, Matt] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Emergency & Domest Programs, USDA, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Fletcher, J (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Natl Inst Microbial Forens & Food & Agr Biosecur, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 62 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1542-4502 BN 978-1-55581-525-7 J9 EMERG INFECT JI Emerg. Infect. PY 2010 VL 9 BP 337 EP 366 PG 30 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BTW84 UT WOS:000288320400020 ER PT B AU Smith, CR Dolezal, A Eliyahu, D Holbrook, CT Gadau, J Tschinkel, WR Tillberg, CV Brent, C Khila, A Abouheif, E AF Smith, Chris R. Dolezal, Adam Eliyahu, Dorit Holbrook, C. Tate Gadau, Juergen Tschinkel, Walter R. Tillberg, Chadwick V. Brent, Colin Khila, Abderrahman Abouheif, Ehab GP COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS TI Ants (Formicidae): Models for Social Complexity SO EMERGING MODEL ORGANISMS: LABORATORY MANUAL, VOL 2 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIVISION-OF-LABOR; FLORIDA HARVESTER ANT; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; POGONOMYRMEX-BADIUS; CASTE DETERMINATION; NEST ARCHITECTURE; INSECT COLONIES; APIS-MELLIFERA; ARGENTINE ANTS C1 [Smith, Chris R.; Dolezal, Adam; Eliyahu, Dorit; Holbrook, C. Tate; Gadau, Juergen] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Tschinkel, Walter R.] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Tillberg, Chadwick V.] Linfield Coll, Dept Biol, Mcminnville, OR 97128 USA. [Brent, Colin] USDA Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Khila, Abderrahman; Abouheif, Ehab] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. RP Smith, CR (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM csmith38@asu.edu; adam.dolezal@asu.edu; dorit.eliyahu@asu.edu; ctholbrook@asu.edu; juergen.gadau@asu.edu; abderrahman.khila@mcgill.ca NR 120 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 10 SKYLINE DRIVE, PLAINVIEW, NY 11803-2500 USA BN 978-0-87969-872-0 PY 2010 BP 159 EP 221 DI 10.1101/pdb.emo125 PG 63 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BOP07 UT WOS:000277174300007 ER PT B AU Brown, SJ Shippy, TD Miller, S Bolognesi, R Beeman, RW Lorenzen, MD Bucher, G Wimmer, EA Klingler, M Posnien, N Schinko, J Grossmann, D Konopova, B Coleman, CM Tomoyasu, Y Kittelmann, S Koniszewski, N Berghammer, AJ Weber, M Trauner, J AF Brown, Susan J. Shippy, Teresa D. Miller, Sherry Bolognesi, Renata Beeman, Richard W. Lorenzen, Marce D. Bucher, Gregor Wimmer, Ernst A. Klingler, Martin Posnien, Nico Schinko, Johannes Grossmann, Daniela Konopova, Barbora Coleman, Cassondra M. Tomoyasu, Yoshinori Kittelmann, Sebastian Koniszewski, Nikolaus Berghammer, Andreas J. Weber, Markus Trauner, Jochen GP COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS TI The Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera): A Model for Studies of Development and Pest Biology SO EMERGING MODEL ORGANISMS: LABORATORY MANUAL, VOL 2 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAPS; TRANSGENE EXPRESSION; LARVAL RNAI; FAMILY; RESISTANCE; DROSOPHILA; PHYLOGENY; INFECTION; PROMOTER; INSIGHTS C1 [Brown, Susan J.; Shippy, Teresa D.; Miller, Sherry; Bolognesi, Renata; Coleman, Cassondra M.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Beeman, Richard W.; Lorenzen, Marce D.] ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Klingler, Martin; Trauner, Jochen] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Sect Dev Biol, Dept Biol, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Bucher, Gregor; Wimmer, Ernst A.; Posnien, Nico; Schinko, Johannes; Grossmann, Daniela; Kittelmann, Sebastian; Koniszewski, Nikolaus] Univ Gottingen, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Inst, Dept Dev Biol, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Konopova, Barbora] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Entomol, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Tomoyasu, Yoshinori] Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Berghammer, Andreas J.] Metabion Int AG, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. [Weber, Markus] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol & Histol, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Brown, SJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM sjbrown@ksu.edu; gregor.bucher@bio.uni-goettingen.de; klingler@biologie.uni-erlangen.de RI Klingler, Martin/J-8383-2013 OI Klingler, Martin/0000-0001-8859-1965 NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 10 SKYLINE DRIVE, PLAINVIEW, NY 11803-2500 USA BN 978-0-87969-872-0 PY 2010 BP 299 EP 333 DI 10.1101/pdb.emo126 PG 35 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BOP07 UT WOS:000277174300011 ER PT J AU Gomez-Abellan, P Gomez-Santos, C Madrid, JA Milagro, FI Campion, J Martinez, JA Ordovas, JM Garaulet, M AF Gomez-Abellan, P. Gomez-Santos, C. Madrid, J. A. Milagro, F. I. Campion, J. Martinez, J. A. Ordovas, J. M. Garaulet, M. TI Circadian Expression of Adiponectin and Its Receptors in Human Adipose Tissue SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC SYNDROME; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; CLOCK GENES; PERIPHERAL-TISSUES; BLOOD-SUGAR; FATTY-ACIDS; OBESITY; PATTERNS; RHYTHM AB Adiponectin is one of the most clinically relevant cytokines associated with obesity. However, circadian rhythmicity of adiponectin in human adipose tissue (AT) has not been analyzed. To assess whether the mRNA levels of adiponectin and its receptors (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2) might show daily circadian rhythms in visceral and sc fat explants obtained from morbid obese women, visceral and sc abdominal AT biopsies (n = 6) were obtained from morbidly obese women (body mass index >= 40 kg/m(2)). Anthropometric variables were measured and fasting plasma glucose, lipid, and lipoprotein concentrations were analyzed. To investigate rhythmic expression pattern, AT explants were cultured during 24 h, and gene expression was analyzed at the following times: 0800, 1400, 2000, and 0200 h, using quantitative real-time PCR. All genes investigated showed a circadian rhythmicity and oscillated accurately and independently of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in both AT explants (P < 0.05). Adiponectin gene expression fluctuated in the same phase as its receptors. Correlation analyses between the genetic circadian oscillation and components of the metabolic syndrome revealed that adiposity and abdominal obesity correlated with a decrease in adiponectin and adiponectin receptors ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 amplitude (P < 0.05). Visceral fat showed a trend toward a phase delay and dampening of the mRNA amplitude of adiponectin as compared with sc fat. The mRNA expression of adiponectin and its receptors showed 24-h rhythmicity in human AT from morbidly obese patients. (Endocrinology 151: 115-122, 2010) C1 [Gomez-Abellan, P.; Gomez-Santos, C.; Madrid, J. A.; Garaulet, M.] Univ Murcia, Dept Physiol, Fac Biol, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. [Milagro, F. I.; Campion, J.; Martinez, J. A.] Univ Navarra, Dept Nutr & Food Sci Physiol & Toxicol, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain. [Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ordovas, J. M.] Ctr Nacl Invest Cardiovasc, Dept Epidemiol, Madrid 28029, Spain. RP Garaulet, M (reprint author), Univ Murcia, Dept Physiol, Fac Biol, Campus Espinardo S-N, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. EM garaulet@um.es RI Milagro, Fermin/F-2315-2015; OI Milagro, Fermin/0000-0002-3228-9916; Martinez Hernandez, J Alfredo/0000-0001-5218-6941; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Institutes of Health [DK075030]; U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]; Government of Education, Science, and Research of Murcia [BIO/FFA 07/01-0004]; Spanish Government of Science and Innovation [AGL2008-01655/ALI]; Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [BFU200760658/BFI]; Seneca Foundation [PI/05700/07]; Institute of Health Carlos III [RD06/0013/0019]; Linea Especial of University of Navarra [LE/97] FX This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant DK075030 and Contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Service; the Government of Education, Science, and Research of Murcia (Project BIO/FFA 07/01-0004); the Spanish Government of Science and Innovation (Project AGL2008-01655/ALI); the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (Project BFU200760658/BFI); Seneca Foundation (PI/05700/07); the Institute of Health Carlos III (RETICEF, RD06/0013/0019); and Linea Especial of University of Navarra (LE/97). NR 36 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD JAN PY 2010 VL 151 IS 1 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1210/en.2009-0647 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 535NT UT WOS:000272977700014 PM 19887569 ER PT J AU Shankar, K Harrell, A Kang, P Singhal, R Ronis, MJJ Badger, TM AF Shankar, Kartik Harrell, Amanda Kang, Ping Singhal, Rohit Ronis, Martin J. J. Badger, Thomas M. TI Carbohydrate-Responsive Gene Expression in the Adipose Tissue of Rats SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DE-NOVO LIPOGENESIS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; GLYCEMIC INDEX; MESSENGER-RNA; FAT SYNTHESIS; WHOLE-BODY; GLUCOSE; OBESITY; ETHANOL AB Although obesity is often associated with high-fat diets, it can develop from a variety of meal patterns. Excessive intake of simple carbohydrates is one consistent eating behavior leading to obesity. However, the impact of overconsumption of diets with high carbohydrate to fat ratios (C/F) on body composition and global adipose tissue gene expression remains unclear. We used total enteral nutrition to evaluate the effects of caloric intake and C/F on body weight gain and development of obesity. Female Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets with either low C/F or high C/F (HC) (reflecting a 19.5-fold increase in C/F) at two levels of caloric intake: 187 or 220 kcal/kg(3/4) . d (15% excess) for 4 wk. At the end of the study period, rats fed HC diets had about 20% higher body weight at either caloric intake compared with rats fed low C/F diets (P < 0.05). Body composition (assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance, computerized tomography, and adipose tissue weights) revealed higher percent fat mass (P < 0.05) in HC rats. Obesity was associated with increased serum resistin, leptin, fasting hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance after an oral glucose challenge (P < 0.05). Microarray analyses of adipose tissues revealed HC diets led to changes in 270 and 464 transcripts at 187 and 220 kcal/kg(3/4) . d intakes. Genes regulating glucose transport, glycolysis, fatty acid and triglyceride biosynthesis, desaturation and elongation, adipogenesis, and adipokines were affected by HC diets. These results suggest that C/F and interactions with excessive caloric intake per se may regulate body composition and play important roles in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. (Endocrinology 151: 153-164, 2010) C1 [Shankar, Kartik; Harrell, Amanda; Kang, Ping; Singhal, Rohit; Ronis, Martin J. J.; Badger, Thomas M.] USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Shankar, Kartik; Ronis, Martin J. J.; Badger, Thomas M.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Singhal, Rohit; Ronis, Martin J. J.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Badger, Thomas M.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Shankar, K (reprint author), USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 15 Childrens Way,Slot 512-20B, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM shankarkartik@uams.edu RI Singhal, Rohit/F-5457-2011 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [6251-51000-005-03S] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (Current Research Information System Grant 6251-51000-005-03S). NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD JAN PY 2010 VL 151 IS 1 BP 153 EP 164 DI 10.1210/en.2009-0840 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 535NT UT WOS:000272977700018 PM 19880807 ER PT J AU Moser, BR Knothe, G Cermak, SC AF Moser, Bryan R. Knothe, Gerhard Cermak, Steven C. TI Biodiesel from meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba L.) seed oil: oxidative stability and unusual fatty acid composition SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METHYL-ESTERS; SOYBEAN OIL; FUEL PROPERTIES; EXHAUST EMISSIONS; JATROPHA-CURCAS; ALKYL ESTERS; PETRODIESEL; COMPONENTS; BLENDS; TRANSESTERIFICATION AB Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba L.) seed oil methyl esters (MFME), prepared by a standard transesterification procedure using methanol and sodium methoxide catalyst from refined meadowfoam oil (MFO), were evaluated as a potential biodiesel fuel. MFME contains the unusual 5(Z)-eicosenoate (64.2 wt%) and 5(Z), 13(Z)-docosadienoate (18.9 wt%). The cetane number of MFME, 66.9, is among the highest ever reported for a biodiesel fuel. In addition, MFME exhibited exceptionally high oxidative stability of 41.5 h by the Rancimat method. Kinematic viscosity was determined as 6.18 mm(2) s(-1). The cloud, cold filter plugging and pour points of MFME were determined as -6, -9, and -10 degrees C, respectively. Blending MFME with soybean oil methyl esters (SME) provided kinematic viscosity and oxidative stability values within ranges specified in ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. Other properties such as acid value, free and total glycerol content, as well as sulfur and phosphorus contents were below limits specified in ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. Also reported are lubricity, heat of combustion, and Gardner color. For sake of comparison of some fuel properties, MFME was also prepared from crude meadowfoam oil. The most conspicuous difference in fuel properties was the even greater oxidative stability of 71.6 h by the Rancimat method of MFME from crude MFO. Addition of MFME (from refined MFO) to petrodiesel improved lubricity of ultra-low sulfur petrodiesel while not adversely affecting oxidative stability and low temperature operability. In summary, MFME has unusual fuel properties as a result of its unique fatty acid composition and appears to be a satisfactory blend component for SME and petrodiesel. C1 [Moser, Bryan R.; Knothe, Gerhard; Cermak, Steven C.] Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gerhard.knothe@ars.usda.gov NR 70 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 318 EP 327 DI 10.1039/b923740m PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 563UD UT WOS:000275159300010 ER PT J AU Lee, JW Hawkins, B Day, DM Reicosky, DC AF Lee, James Weifu Hawkins, Bob Day, Danny M. Reicosky, Donald C. TI Sustainability: the capacity of smokeless biomass pyrolysis for energy production, global carbon capture and sequestration SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CO2 EMISSIONS; BLACK; HYDROGEN; CHARCOAL; SOIL; AGRICULTURE; CONSTRAINTS; SYSTEMS AB Smokeless biomass pyrolysis for biochar and biofuel production is a possible arsenal for global carbon capture and sequestration at gigatons of carbon (GtC) scales. The United States can annually harvest over 1.3 Gt (gigaton) of dry biomass. Use of the smokeless (clean and efficient) biomass-pyrolysis technology would enable the United States to converts its 1.3 Gt of annually harvestable biomass to biochar products equivalent to 325 million tons of stable carbon plus significant amount of biofuels including syngas and bio-oils. Currently, the world could annually harvest more than 6.5 GtC y(-1) of biomass. The 6.5 GtC y(-1) of biomass could be converted to biochar (3.25 GtC y(-1)) and biofuels (with heating value equivalent to that of 6500 million barrels of crude oil). Because biochar is mostly not digestible to microorganisms, a biochar-based soil amendment could serve as a permanent carbon-sequestration agent in soils/subsoil earth layers for thousands of years. By storing 3.25 GtC y(-1) of biochar (equivalent to 11.9 Gt of CO(2) per year) into soil and/or underground reservoirs alone, it would offset the world's 8.67 GtC y(-1) of fossil fuel CO(2) emissions by about 38%. The worldwide maximum capacity for storing biochar carbon into agricultural soils (1411 million hectares) is estimated to be about 428 GtC. It may be also possible to provide a global carbon "thermostat" mechanism by creating biochar carbon energy storage reserves. This biomass-pyrolysis "carbon-negative" energy approach merits serious research and development worldwide to help provide clean energy and control global warming for a sustainable future of human civilization on Earth. C1 [Lee, James Weifu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hawkins, Bob] BiocharConsulting, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Reicosky, Donald C.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Day, Danny M.] Eprida Power & Life Sci Inc, Atlanta, GA 30339 USA. RP Lee, JW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Whiting Sch Engn, 118 Latrobe Hall, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM JLee349@jhu.edu RI Lee, James/A-3510-2010 FU DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science; US Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers FX The authors wish to thank Mac Post, Gregg Marland, and Joe Katz for stimulating discussions. This research was supported in parts by Oak Ridge National Laboratory Director's Seed Money Project Funds and by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Young Scientist Award and the US Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (to J. W. Lee). Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for DOE under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. We are grateful also to three anonymous referees for their constructive suggestions to the manuscript. NR 52 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 6 U2 76 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 11 BP 1695 EP 1705 DI 10.1039/c004561f PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 672QQ UT WOS:000283602400006 ER PT J AU Mullen, CA Boateng, AA Hicks, KB Goldberg, NM Moreau, RA AF Mullen, Charles A. Boateng, Akwasi A. Hicks, Kevin B. Goldberg, Neil M. Moreau, Robert A. TI Analysis and Comparison of Bio-Oil Produced by Fast Pyrolysis from Three Barley Biomass/Byproduct Streams SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS; BIOENERGY; STABILITY; QUALITY AB Fluidized-bed fast pyrolysis was carried out on three different barley biomass coproduct Streams, straw, hulls, and distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS), from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation of barley grain. Each of these by products Of fuel ethanol production from barley grain is a possible source of feedstock for advanced biofuels production via fast pyrolysis. Bio-oil recovery was in the range of 42-50 wt% of the biomass, but optimized yields could be as much as 70 wt % for each feedstock when the mass balance is mathematically adjusted to account for all Unrecovered products using optimization modeling. Biochar yields were 16-21% from the barley feedstocks. Bio-oil produced front straw and hulls had an energy content of 24-25 MJ/kg on a dry basis. while bio-oil produced From DDGS had it dry basis energy content > 30 MJ/kg. The bio-oils were further characterized for composition and stability. P One of the bio-oils were found to be shelf-stable. its established by in increase in average molecular weight when stored under accelerated aging conditions, a result which is typical for biomass fast pyrolysis bio-oils. Stability wits best for the bio-oils produced from straw and hulls and worse for bio-oil produced from the DDGS. The results indicate that colocating it fast pyrolysis unit in a barley ethanol plant may produce potentially usable and blendable liquid fuel from any byproducts of the barley processing value chain. C1 [Mullen, Charles A.; Boateng, Akwasi A.; Hicks, Kevin B.; Goldberg, Neil M.; Moreau, Robert A.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Boateng, AA (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM akwasi.boateng@ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 23 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN PY 2010 VL 24 BP 699 EP 706 DI 10.1021/ef900912s PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 555MI UT WOS:000274514500089 ER PT J AU Islam, MT Castle, SJ Ren, SX AF Islam, Md. Touhidul Castle, Steven J. Ren, Shunxiang TI Compatibility of the insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana with neem against sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, on eggplant SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE B biotype; Hemiptera; Aleyrodidae; Azadirachta indica; Ascomycota; Hypocreales; Solanum melongena; LT(50); IPM ID MELIA-AZEDARACH L.; PAECILOMYCES-FUMOSOROSEUS; HOST-PLANT; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; HOMOPTERA ALEYRODIDAE; ENTOMOGENOUS FUNGI; EXTRACTS; AZADIRACHTIN; HEMIPTERA; EFFICACY AB A study on the compatibility of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) with neem was conducted against sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), on eggplant. Initially, three concentrations of B. bassiana (106, 107, and 108 conidia ml-1) and three concentrations of neem (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0%) were used as individual treatments against B. tabaci. The highest concentration of B. bassiana yielded the highest B. tabaci egg (25.2%) and nymph mortalities (73.0%), but this was not significantly different from the mortalities caused by the 107 conidia ml-1 suspension. Similarly, the highest concentration of neem yielded the highest egg (27.3%) and nymph mortalities (75.5%), which was also not significantly different from the 0.5% suspension. Therefore, 0.5% neem was used along with 107B. bassiana conidia ml-1 suspension as an integrated pest management program against B. tabaci. The combination of B. bassiana and neem yielded the highest B. tabaci egg (29.5%) and nymph mortalities (97.2%), and the lowest LT(50) (2.08 day) value. Moreover, an integrated combination of B. bassiana with neem caused 27.6 and 20.5% more nymphal mortality than individual treatments of B. bassiana and neem, respectively, 7 days post-application. Thus, a combined application of an entomopathogenic fungus and a botanical insecticide may benefit from both, and it has proven effective for the control of B. tabaci on eggplant. C1 [Islam, Md. Touhidul; Ren, Shunxiang] S China Agr Univ, Engn Res Ctr Biol Control, Minist Educ, Coll Nat Resource & Environm, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Castle, Steven J.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Ren, SX (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, Engn Res Ctr Biol Control, Minist Educ, Coll Nat Resource & Environm, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM rensxcn@yahoo.com.cn FU Chinese National Basic Research Program [2006CB102005]; Public sector specific research projects [200803005]; China Scholarship Council (CSC) FX This research was funded by grants from the Chinese National Basic Research Program (called 973 Program; no. 2006CB102005) and Public sector specific research projects (no. 200803005). The first author is grateful to the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for providing PhD scholarships. He is also grateful to Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC) as well as the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of Bangladesh for accepting deputation during his study period in China. NR 50 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 134 IS 1 BP 28 EP 34 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00933.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 526QT UT WOS:000272308300002 ER PT J AU Bucheli, SR Passoa, S Wenzel, JW AF Bucheli, Sibyl R. Passoa, Steven Wenzel, John W. TI A PHYLOGENETIC TEST OF EHRLICH AND RAVEN'S THEORY OF ESCAPE AND RADIATION IN INSECTS THAT FEED ON TOXIC PLANTS, BASED ON NEARCTIC DEPRESSARIA MOTHS (GELECHIOIDEA: ELACHISTIDAE: DEPRESSARIINAE), WITH DISCUSSION OF THE EVOLUTION OF GENITALIA SO ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA LA English DT Article DE Gelechioidea; Depressariinae; morphology; phylogeny; host-plant evolution ID LEPIDOPTERA; COEVOLUTION; FURANOCOUMARINS AB A classic "escape and radiation" coevolutionary model of host shirts is examined in moths of the genus Depressaria Haworth 1811 that feed on plants of varied toxicity. A phylogeny is constructed using morphological data analyzed under the parsimony criterion, the first modern phylogeny of the subfamily that includes New World and Old World species. The results of this analysis suggest that Depressaria is monophyletic, as are historical species groups of Depressaria. Patterns of host-plant usage do not support an escape and radiation model but rather suggest that feeding on plants containing toxic furanocoumarins may be the ancestral conditions for Depressaria. Thus, a model of escape from control and colonization of more toxic hosts does not apply above the species level. Other phylogenetic results indicate Himmacia Clarke 1941 may be a basal lineage of Depressariinae and Semioscopis Hubner 1825 is not a member of this subfamily. In spite of some apparently very specialized larval features, we conclude that Hasenfussia Fetz 1994 is a member of Depressaria. C1 [Bucheli, Sibyl R.] Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. [Passoa, Steven] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Museum Biol Divers, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Wenzel, John W.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Museum Biol Divers, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Bucheli, SR (reprint author), Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 2116, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. EM bucheli@shsu.edu FU NSF [0416051] FX We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers and our communicating editor for their earful attention to this manuscript while in review. We are grateful to David Adamski at the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., Joel Minet at the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, in Paris, France, and John Rawlins at the Carnegie Mellon Museum of Natural History, in Pittsburgh, PA, who lent specimens for comparison. We thank Rick Hoebeke for Amphisbatis incongruella on loan to Steven C. Passoa from Cornell University Insect Collection. We are also grateful to Christopher P. Randle who translated German text. We are appreciative of comments made by colleagues regarding this manuscript in its earliest drafts (including a poster and submitted talk) and to SRB's SHSU graduate students for helpful final edits. This project was funded by NSF# 0416051. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 1947-5136 J9 ENTOMOL AM-NY JI Entomol. Am. PY 2010 VL 116 IS 3-4 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1664/10-RA-009.1 PG 24 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 704BC UT WOS:000286025100001 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD Hanula, JL AF Ulyshen, Michael D. Hanula, James L. TI HOST-USE PATTERNS OF ERIOTREMEX FORMOSANUS (HYMENOPTERA: SIRICIDAE) IN SOUTH CAROLINA, U.S.A. SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE vertical distribution; forest canopy; saproxylic; non-native; Symphyta; Tremicinae; water oak; sweetgum; loblolly pine ID ASIAN HORNTAIL; UNITED-STATES; FOREST AB Based on emergence data, Eriotremex formosanus (Matsumura), an exotic horntail established in the southeastern United States, was found to be 1) significantly more abundant in Ouercus nigra L. than in Liquidambar Styraciflua L. and absent from Finns taeda L., 2) significantly more abundant in snags than logs, 3) similarly abundant in upland pine-dominated forests and bottomland hardwood-dominated forests, and 4) present at all heights along the bole but not in branchas Captures of E.formosanus in night intercept traps positioned next to snags, logs and living trees of each tree species support these findings. C1 [Ulyshen, Michael D.; Hanula, James L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mulyshen@fs.fed.us; jhanula@fs.fed.us FU Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the U.S. Forest Service Savannah River [DE-A109-00SR22188] FX We thank Scott Horn and Mike Cody for assisting with field work, Nathan Schiff for specimen identification and Dan Miller for reviewing an early version of the manuscript. Support was provided by the Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the U.S. Forest Service Savannah River under Interagency Agreement DE-A109-00SR22188. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X EI 2162-3236 J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 121 IS 1 BP 97 EP 101 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 751CN UT WOS:000289595200015 ER PT J AU Belesky, DP Ruckle, JM Halvorson, JJ AF Belesky, David P. Ruckle, Joyce M. Halvorson, Jonathan J. TI Carbon isotope discrimination as an index of tall fescue-endophyte association response to light availability and defoliation SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Endophyte; Leaf dry matter content; Natural abundance carbon isotope discrimination; Photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency; Shade; Total digestible nutrients ID ALKALOID-PRODUCING ENDOPHYTES; NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY; DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; CULTIVARS; RADIATION; GRADIENT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PRODUCTIVITY; SELECTION AB Tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire] is adapted to the diverse growing conditions of humid, temperate agro-ecosystems. A mutualistic endophytic symbiont (Neotyphodium coenophialum, [Morgan-Jones et Gams] Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin) contributes to this resilience, but at the same time compromises grazing livestock health. Novel endophytes that do not produce ergo-alkaloids were developed to circumvent livestock health issues, but the response of novel associations to site conditions and management practices, such as partial shade and repeated defoliation, is unclear. We conducted a field experiment with tall fescue to determine if carbon isotope discrimination (Delta) could be used to characterize host-endophyte association responses to site and management. Plants infected with either the native or novel non-ergogenic endophyte, or that were endophyte free were clipped to typical pasture (5 cm) or silvopasture (10 cm) residual sward heights each time mean canopy height reached 20 cm. The Delta of tall fescue was inversely related to light availability. Greater variation in Delta occurred when plants were clipped to a 5 rather than a 10 cm residue height. This trend persisted throughout the growing season and was similar whether Delta was expressed relative to potential evapotranspiration (ET(o)), leaf dry matter content (LDMC) or an index of herbage nutritive value (expressed as energy relative to crude protein). Host-endophyte association did not affect Delta. This might be attributable to relatively mild growing conditions occurring in the central Appalachian region of the USA, irrespective of site conditions, or the minimal cost of hosting endophyte. Carbon isotope discrimination responses for tall fescue agree with previous observations on Delta and light availability, and might be a useful means to assess silvopastoral management practices. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Belesky, David P.; Ruckle, Joyce M.; Halvorson, Jonathan J.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaverton, WV 25813 USA. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaverton, WV 25813 USA. EM david.belesky@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 67 IS 3 BP 515 EP 521 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.09.009 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 538BF UT WOS:000273158300012 ER PT J AU Tidball, KG Krasny, ME Svendsen, E Campbell, L Helphand, K AF Tidball, Keith G. Krasny, Marianne E. Svendsen, Erika Campbell, Lindsay Helphand, Kenneth TI Stewardship, learning, and memory in disaster resilience SO ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE resilience; communities of practice; civic ecology; urban; stewardship; memory; disaster; social learning ID ADAPTIVE COMANAGEMENT; MANAGEMENT; KNOWLEDGE; EVOLUTION; RECOVERY; CONTEXT; SYSTEMS; WATER AB In this contribution, we propose and explore the following hypothesis: civic ecology practices, including urban community forestry, community gardening, and other self-organized forms of stewardship of green spaces in cities, are manifestations of how memories of the role of greening in healing can be instrumentalized through social learning to foster social-ecological system (SES) resilience following crisis and disaster. Further, we propose that civic ecology communities of practice within and across cities help to leverage these memories into effective practices, and that these communities of practice serve as urban iterations of the collaborative and adaptive management practices that play a role in SES resilience in more rural settings. We present two urban examples to build support for this hypothesis: the Living Memorials Project in post-9/11 New York City, and community forestry in New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina. These cases demonstrate what we refer to as a memorialization mechanism that leads to feedbacks critical to SES resilience. The process begins immediately after a crisis, when a spontaneous and collective memorialization of lost ones through gardening and tree planting ensues, following which a community of practice emerges to act upon and apply these memories to social learning about greening practices. This in turn may lead to new kinds of learning, including about collective efficacy and ecosystem services production, through a kind of feedback between remembering, learning, and enhancing individual, social, and environmental well-being. This process, in the case of greening in cities, may confer SES resilience, through contributing to both psychological-social resistance and resilience and ecosystem benefits. C1 [Tidball, Keith G.; Krasny, Marianne E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Svendsen, Erika; Campbell, Lindsay] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, New York, NY USA. [Helphand, Kenneth] Univ Oregon, Dept Landscape Architecture, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Tidball, KG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM kgtidball@cornell.edu OI Tidball, Keith/0000-0002-9856-8731 NR 98 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 38 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1350-4622 J9 ENVIRON EDUC RES JI Environ. Educ. Res. PY 2010 VL 16 IS 5-6 BP 591 EP 609 AR PII 928399893 DI 10.1080/13504622.2010.505437 PG 19 WC Education & Educational Research; Environmental Studies SC Education & Educational Research; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 669AN UT WOS:000283318900009 ER PT J AU Paveglio, TB Carroll, MS Jakes, PJ AF Paveglio, Travis B. Carroll, Matthew S. Jakes, Pamela J. TI Alternatives to evacuation during wildland fire: Exploring adaptive capacity in one Idaho community SO ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS LA English DT Article DE adaptive capacity; alternatives to evacuation; community; wildfire ID URBAN INTERFACE; RESILIENCE; WILDFIRES AB The use of alternatives to evacuation during wildfire events continues to be an intensely debated strategy in the professional and policy circles of numerous fire-prone countries. The most recent chapter comes in response to the Black Saturday Fires in Australia, which has led to policy changes concerning alternatives to evacuation in both Australia and USA. This study explores the local context that influenced the development of alternatives to evacuation in one Idaho community through in-depth interviews with local residents and officials. It acknowledges alternatives as one 'fire-adaptive behaviour' of the local community, a key characteristic that US fire professionals identify as a means to better manage wildfire. We apply and extend a recently created adaptive capacity framework for wildfire to uncover specific community characteristics that both led to and reinforce the development of alternatives to evacuation that are tailored to the local population. Identification of these characteristics serves as one important step towards better local assessment of adaptive capacity for a broad classification of 'fire-adaptive' behaviours. We conclude that no one combination of local resources can guarantee the development of alternatives to evacuation. Rather, diverse local context will result in different approaches and applicability of the practice. C1 [Jakes, Pamela J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Paveglio, Travis B.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Carroll, Matthew S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Jakes, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM pjakes@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU EARTHSCAN PI LONDON PA 14A ST CROSS STREET, LONDON, EC1N 8XA, ENGLAND SN 1747-7891 J9 ENVIRON HAZARDS-UK JI Environ. Hazards PY 2010 VL 9 IS 4 BP 379 EP 394 DI 10.3763/ehaz.2010.0060 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 755GB UT WOS:000289914500005 ER PT J AU Williams, G AF Williams, Gerald (Jerry) TI Living with Fire: Fire Ecology and Policy for the Twenty-First Century. SO ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Williams, Gerald (Jerry)] US Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1084-5453 J9 ENVIRON HIST-US JI Environ. Hist. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 15 IS 1 BP 161 EP 162 DI 10.1093/envhis/emq024 PG 2 WC Environmental Studies; History SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History GA 807AR UT WOS:000293863100023 ER PT J AU Wade, TG Wickham, JD Zaccarelli, N Riitters, KH AF Wade, Timothy G. Wickham, James D. Zaccarelli, Nicola Riitters, Kurt H. TI A multi-scale method of mapping urban influence (vol 24, pg 1252, 2009) SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Correction C1 [Wade, Timothy G.; Wickham, James D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zaccarelli, Nicola] Univ Salento, Dept Biol & Environm Sci & Technol, Landscape Ecol Lab, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Riitters, Kurt H.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wade, TG (reprint author), US EPA, MD243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wade.timothy@epa.gov RI Zaccarelli, Nicola/B-9159-2008 OI Zaccarelli, Nicola/0000-0002-3146-0910 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 170 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.07.005 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 536SC UT WOS:000273063100016 ER PT J AU McElrone, AJ Hamilton, JG Krafnick, AJ Aldea, M Knepp, RG DeLucia, EH AF McElrone, Andrew J. Hamilton, Jason G. Krafnick, Anthony J. Aldea, Mihai Knepp, Rachel G. DeLucia, Evan H. TI Combined effects of elevated CO2 and natural climatic variation on leaf spot diseases of redbud and sweetgum trees SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Plant disease; Climate change; Free-air CO2 enrichment; Cercis canadensis; Liquidambar styraciflua; Fungal plant pathogen; Plant-pathogen interactions; Duke FACE; Cercospora leaf spot ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PLANT-DISEASE; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; STYLOSANTHES-SCABRA; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; CARBON-DIOXIDE; INFECTION; UNDERSTORY; PATHOGEN; O-3 AB Atmospheric CO2 concentrations are predicted to double within the next century and alter climate regimes, yet the extent that these changes will affect plant diseases remains unclear. In this study conducted over five years, we assessed how elevated CO2 and interannual climatic variability affect Cercospora leaf spot diseases of two deciduous trees. Climatic data varied considerably between the five years and altered disease expression. Disease incidence and severity for both species were greater in years with above average rainfall. in years with above average temperatures, disease incidence for Liquidambar styraciflua was decreased significantly. When significant changes did occur, disease incidence and severity always increased under elevated CO2. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of leaves revealed that any visible increase in disease severity induced by elevated CO2 was mitigated by higher photosynthetic efficiency in the remaining undamaged leaf tissue and in a halo surrounding lesions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McElrone, Andrew J.] USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McElrone, Andrew J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hamilton, Jason G.] Ithaca Coll, Dept Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Krafnick, Anthony J.] St Josephs Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA. [Aldea, Mihai; Knepp, Rachel G.; DeLucia, Evan H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP McElrone, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, 2154 RMI N, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ajmcelrone@ucdavis.edu RI Shekar, Rachel/L-1536-2013; OI Shekar, Rachel/0000-0003-2417-4294; Krafnick, Anthony/0000-0002-1692-0413 FU Office of Science (BER); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-95ER62083]; Sigma Xi; National Science Foundation [IBN 0326053] FX Research at the Duke FACE facility is supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-95ER62083. Funding for A. Krafnick was provided by a Sigma Xi grant through SJU. E.H. DeLucia gratefully acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (IBN 0326053). Thanks to L. Surry, A. Collins, M. Donahue, F. Mastrobuono, K. Whetstone for help in image collection and analysis; to J. Mohan for providing access to subplots; and to personnel at the Plant Pathogen Identification Laboratory at North Carolina State University for help with isolation and identification of the pathogens. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 158 IS 1 BP 108 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.07.029 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 539HQ UT WOS:000273245000014 PM 19679383 ER PT J AU Moore, MT Kroger, R Locke, MA Cullum, RF Steinriede, RW Testa, S Lizotte, RE Bryant, CT Cooper, CM AF Moore, M. T. Kroeger, R. Locke, M. A. Cullum, R. F. Steinriede, R. W., Jr. Testa, S., III Lizotte, R. E., Jr. Bryant, C. T. Cooper, C. M. TI Nutrient mitigation capacity in Mississippi Delta, USA drainage ditches SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Runoff; Phytoremediation ID RECEIVING AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; WETLAND TREATMENT SYSTEMS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; NITROGEN REMOVAL; HYDROLOGICAL VARIABILITY; PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORT; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; SEDIMENT AB Eutrophication and hypoxia within aquatic systems are a serious international concern. Various management practices have been proposed to help alleviate nutrient loads transported to the Gulf of Mexico and other high-profile aquatic systems. The current study examined the nutrient mitigation capacity of a vegetated (V) and non-vegetated (NV) agricultural drainage ditch of similar size and landform in the Mississippi Delta. While no statistically significant differences in ammonium, nitrate, or dissolved inorganic phosphorus mitigation between the two ditches existed, there were significant differences in total inorganic phosphorus percent load reductions (V: 36% +/- 4; NV: 71% +/- 4). However, both agricultural drainage ditches were able to mitigate nutrients, thus reducing the load reaching downstream aquatic receiving systems. Further studies examining ecosystem dynamics within drainage ditches such as sediment and plant nutrient partitioning, as well as microbial processes involved, are needed to provide a better understanding of natural nutrient variability, seasonality and flux. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Moore, M. T.; Locke, M. A.; Cullum, R. F.; Steinriede, R. W., Jr.; Testa, S., III; Lizotte, R. E., Jr.; Bryant, C. T.; Cooper, C. M.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Kroeger, R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM matt.moore@ars.usda.gov NR 68 TC 43 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 158 IS 1 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.07.024 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 539HQ UT WOS:000273245000024 PM 19656598 ER PT J AU Sigua, GC Hubbard, RK Coleman, SW AF Sigua, Gilbert C. Hubbard, Robert K. Coleman, Samuel W. TI Quantifying phosphorus levels in soils, plants, surface water, and shallow groundwater associated with bahiagrass-based pastures SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bahiagrass; Cow-calf; Nutrient cycling; Phosphorus; Plant uptake; Shallow groundwater; Surface water; Water quality ID CATTLE; NITROGEN; QUALITY; NITRATE; MANAGEMENT; FLORIDA; RUNOFF; UPLAND; RANGE; SALT AB Recent assessments of water quality status have identified eutrophication as one of the major causes of water quality 'impairment' not only in the USA but also around the world. In most cases, eutrophication has accelerated by increased inputs of phosphorus due to intensification of crop and animal production systems since the early 1990s. Despite substantial measurements using both laboratory and field techniques, little is known about the spatial and temporal variability of phosphorus dynamics across landscapes, especially in agricultural landscapes with cow-calf operations. Critical to determining environmental balance and accountability is an understanding of phosphorus excreted by animals, phosphorus removal by plants, acceptable losses of phosphorus within the manure management and crop production systems into soil and waters, and export of phosphorus off-farm. Further research effort on optimizing forage-based cow-calf operations to improve pasture sustainability and protect water quality is therefore warranted. We hypothesized that properly managed cow-calf operations in subtropical agroecosystem would not be major contributors to excess loads of phosphorus in surface and ground water. To verify our hypothesis, we examined the comparative concentrations of total phosphorus among soils, forage, surface water, and groundwater beneath bahiagrass-based pastures with cow-calf operations in central Florida, USA. Soil samples were collected at 0-20; 20-40, 40-60, and 60-100 cm across the landscape (top slope, middle slope, and bottom slope) of 8 ha pasture in the fall and spring of 2004 to 2006. Forage availability and phosphorus uptake of bahiagrass were also measured from the top slope, middle slope, and bottom slope. Bi-weekly (2004-2006) groundwater and surface water samples were taken from wells located at top slope, middle slope, and bottom slope, and from the runoff/seepage area. Concentrations of phosphorus in soils, forage, surface water, and shallow groundwater beneath a bahiagrass-based pasture and forage availability at four different landscape positions and soil depth (for soil samples only) in 2004, 2005, and 2006 were analyzed statistically following a two-way analysis of variance using the SAS PROC general linear models model. Where the F-test indicated a significant (p a parts per thousand currency sign 0.05) effect, means were separated following the method of Duncan multiple range test using the appropriate error mean squares. Concentrations of soil total phosphorus and degree of phosphorus saturation varied significantly (p a parts per thousand currency sign 0.001) with landscape position and sampling depth, but there was no interaction effect of landscape position and sampling depth. Overall, there was slight buildup of soil total phosphorus. There was no movement of total phosphorus into the soil pedon since average degree of phosphorus saturation in the upper 20 cm was 21% while degree of phosphorus saturation at 60-100 cm was about 3%. Our livestock operations contributed negligible concentrations of phosphorus to groundwater (0.67 mg L(-1)) and surface water (0.55 mg L(-1)). The greatest forage mass of 6,842 kg ha(-1) and the greatest phosphorus uptake of 20.4 kg P ha(-1) were observed at the top slope in 2005. Both forage availability and phosphorus uptake of bahiagrass at the bottom slope were consistently the lowest when averaged across landscape position and years. These results can be attributed to the grazing patterns as animals tend to graze more and leave more excretions at the bottom slope. This behavior may lead to an increase in the concentration of soil phosphorus. Effective use and cycling of phosphorus is critical for pasture productivity and environmental stability. Phosphorus cycling in pastures is complex and interrelated, and pasture management practices can influence the interactions and transformations occurring within the phosphorus cycle. Our results indicate that current pasture management systems which include cattle rotation in terms of grazing days and current fertilizer application (inorganic + manures + urine) for bahiagrass pastures in subtropical climates on loamy sand soils offer little potential for negatively impacting the environment. Properly managed livestock operations contribute negligible loads of phosphorus to shallow groundwater and surface water. Overall, there was no buildup of soil total phosphorus in bahiagrass-based pasture. Therefore, results of this study may help to renew the focus on improving inorganic fertilizer efficiency in subtropical beef cattle systems and maintaining a balance of phosphorus removed to phosphorus added to ensure healthy forage growth and minimize phosphorus runoff. Research on the pathways and rates of movement of phosphorus deposited in urine and dung through various pools and back to the plants will be the focal point of our future investigations. Further studies are needed to determine whether the environmental and ecological implications of grazing and haying in forage-based pastures are satisfied over the longer term. New knowledge based on the whole-farm approach is desirable to identify pastureland at risk of degradation and to prescribe treatments or management practices needed to protect the natural resources while maintaining an economically and environmentally viable operation. C1 [Sigua, Gilbert C.; Coleman, Samuel W.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. [Hubbard, Robert K.] ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gilbert.sigua@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 49 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 17 IS 1 BP 210 EP 219 DI 10.1007/s11356-009-0226-1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 540DN UT WOS:000273311100022 PM 19641943 ER PT J AU Najjar, RG Pyke, CR Adams, MB Breitburg, D Hershner, C Kemp, M Howarth, R Mulholland, MR Paolisso, M Secor, D Sellner, K Wardrop, D Wood, R AF Najjar, Raymond G. Pyke, Christopher R. Adams, Mary Beth Breitburg, Denise Hershner, Carl Kemp, Michael Howarth, Robert Mulholland, Margaret R. Paolisso, Michael Secor, David Sellner, Kevin Wardrop, Denice Wood, Robert TI Potential climate-change impacts on the Chesapeake Bay SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE climate; estuaries; circulation; biogeochemistry; vascular plants; fisheries ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; SEA-LEVEL RISE; MID-ATLANTIC REGION; SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; CTENOPHORE MNEMIOPSIS-LEIDYI; CRABS CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; LOW DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; NORTH-AMERICA; WATER-QUALITY AB We review current understanding of the potential impact of climate change on the Chesapeake Bay. Scenarios for CO(2) emissions indicate that by the end of the 21(st) century the Bay region will experience significant changes in climate forcings with respect to historical conditions, including increases in CO(2) concentrations, sea level, and water temperature of 50-160%, 0.7-1.6 m, and 2-6 degrees C, respectively. Also likely are increases in precipitation amount (very likely in the winter and spring), precipitation intensity, intensity of tropical and extratropical cyclones (though their frequency may decrease), and sea-level variability. The greatest uncertainty is associated with changes in annual streamflow, though it is likely that winter and spring flows will increase. Climate change alone will cause the Bay to function very differently in the future. Likely changes include: (1) an increase in coastal flooding and submergence of estuarine wetlands; (2) an increase in salinity variability on many time scales; (3) an increase in harmful algae; (4) an increase in hypoxia; (5) a reduction of eelgrass, the dominant submerged aquatic vegetation in the Bay; and (6) altered interactions among trophic levels, with subtropical fish and shellfish species ultimately being favored in the Bay. The magnitude of these changes is sensitive to the CO(2) emission trajectory, so that actions taken now to reduce CO(2) emissions will reduce climate impacts on the Bay. Research needs include improved precipitation and streamflow projections for the Bay watershed and whole-system monitoring, modeling, and process studies that can capture the likely non-linear responses of the Chesapeake Bay system to climate variability, climate change, and their interaction with other anthropogenic stressors. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Najjar, Raymond G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Pyke, Christopher R.] US Green Bldg Council, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Adams, Mary Beth] US Forest Serv, USDA, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Breitburg, Denise] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Hershner, Carl] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Kemp, Michael] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Howarth, Robert] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mulholland, Margaret R.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth &Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Paolisso, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Anthropol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Secor, David] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Sellner, Kevin] Chesapeake Res Consortium, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Wardrop, Denice] Penn State Cooperat Wetlands Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wood, Robert] NOAA NCCOS, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. RP Najjar, RG (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM najjar@meteo.psu.edu; cpyke@usgbc.org; mbadams@fs.fed.us; breitburgd@si.edu; carl@sweethall.wetlan.vims.edu; kemp@hpl.umces.edu; rwh2@cornell.edu; mmulholl@odu.edu; mpaolisso@anth.umd.edu; secor@cbl.umces.edu; sellnerk@si.edu; dhw110@psu.edu; Bob.Wood@noaa.gov RI Mulholland, Margaret/E-8480-2011 OI Mulholland, Margaret/0000-0001-8819-189X NR 200 TC 145 Z9 150 U1 17 U2 171 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 86 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.09.026 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 545AU UT WOS:000273705000005 ER PT J AU Adame, MF Neil, D Wright, SF Lovelock, CE AF Adame, Maria Fernanda Neil, David Wright, Sara F. Lovelock, Catherine E. TI Sedimentation within and among mangrove forests along a gradient of geomorphological settings SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glomalin; terrigenous sediments; wetlands; saltmarsh; Southeast Queensland; Australia; 27 degrees 30 ' N, 153 degrees 10 ' E ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; SOIL PROTEIN; ORGANIC-MATTER; SALT MARSHES; LAND-USE; GLOMALIN; COASTAL; ESTUARINE; CARBON; HYPHAE AB Coastal wetlands provide important ecological services to the coastal zone, one of which is sediment retention. In this study we investigated sediment retention across a range of geomorphological settings and across vegetation zones comprising coastal wetlands. We selected six coastal wetlands dominated by mangroves over a gradient from riverine to tidal settings in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Each site was comprised of three distinct vegetation communities distributed as parallel zones to the coast line: seaward fringe mangroves, landward scrub mangroves and saltmarsh/ cyanobacteria mat of the high intertidal zone. We measured suspended sediment retention and sedimentation rates. Additionally, in order to assess the origin of sediment transported and deposited in the mangroves, glomalin, a novel terrestrial soil carbon tracer, was used. Our results show a mean average sedimentation of 0.64 +/- 0.01 mg cm(-2) spring tide(-1), which was variable within sites, regardless of geomorphological setting. However, geomorphological setting influenced spatial patterns of sediment deposition. Riverine mangroves had a more homogeneous distribution of sediments across the intertidal zone than tidal mangroves, where most sedimentation occurred in the fringe zone. Overall, the fringe zone retained the majority of sediment entering the coastal wetland during a tidal cycle with 0.90 +/- 0.22 mg cm(-2) spring tide(-1), accounting for 52.5 +/- 12.5% of the total sedimentation. The presence of glomalin in suspended sediments, and thus the relative importance of terrigenous sediment, was strongly influenced by geomorphological setting, with riverine mangroves receiving more glomalin in suspended solids than tidal mangroves. Glomalin was also differentially deposited within the vegetation zones at different geomorphological settings: primarily at the fringe zone of tidal mangroves and within the scrub zone of riverine mangroves. The differences we observed in the spatial distribution of sedimentation and the difference in the origin of the sediment deposited in riverine and tidal mangroves are likely to have an impact on ecological processes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Adame, Maria Fernanda; Lovelock, Catherine E.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Neil, David] Univ Queensland, Sch Geog Planning & Architecture, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Wright, Sara F.] ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Lovelock, Catherine E.] Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Biol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Adame, MF (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM m.adame@uq.edu.au RI Adame, Maria Fernanda/N-8463-2014; Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012; OI Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855; Neil, David T/0000-0003-1786-8992 FU Mexican Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT); Centre for Marine Studies at The University of Queensland; ARC [LP0561498] FX We thank The Mexican Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) and The Centre for Marine Studies at The University of Queensland for financial and logistic support. We also want to acknowledge Dr Timothy Mercer, Dr Alistair Grinham, Aldrie Amir, jock McKenzie and Esteban Marcellin for field assistance, and Dr Mercer for editing assistance. This work was partially supported by ARC Linkage award LP0561498. NR 62 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 43 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 86 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.10.013 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 545AU UT WOS:000273705000006 ER PT J AU Wright, TF Eberhard, JR Hobson, EA Avery, ML Russello, MA AF Wright, T. F. Eberhard, J. R. Hobson, E. A. Avery, M. L. Russello, M. A. TI Behavioral flexibility and species invasions: the adaptive flexibility hypothesis SO ETHOLOGY ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE behavioral flexibility; copying; ecological niche; innovation; invasive species; neophobia; plasticity; social learning ID RAVENS CORVUS-CORAX; GREAT TITS; BRAIN SIZE; EXPLORATORY-BEHAVIOR; FORAGING INNOVATION; RANGE EXPANSION; UNITED-STATES; SOCIAL RANK; BIRDS; SUCCESS AB Behavioral flexibility is an important adaptive response to changing environments for many animal species. Such plasticity may also promote the invasion of novel habitats by introduced species by providing them with the ability to expand or change their ecological niche, a longstanding idea with recent empirical support. At the individual level, flexibility may arise through innovation, in which an individual invents a new behavior, or through social learning, in which an individual adopts a behavior used by others. There is increasing evidence that the adaptive value of these two modes of learning, and the overall expression of behavioral flexibility, may vary with social and environmental context. In this paper, we propose that invasive species may change the degree to which they express behavioral flexibility in an adaptive manner during the different stages of invasion. Specifically, the oadaptive flexibility hypothesiso predicts that the expression of behavioral flexibility, and thus the diversity of behaviors observed in a population, will be high during the initial stage of introduction into a novel environment due to innovation, followed by a decline in behavioral diversity during the establishment and growth of a founding population due to social learning of successful behavioral variants. We discuss several alternatives to this hypothesis and suggest empirical and theoretical tests of these hypotheses. This oadaptive flexibility hypothesiso suggests that a more nuanced approach to the study of the behaviors employed by individuals in populations at different invasion stages could generate new insight into the importance of such flexibility during species invasions, and the evolution of behavioral plasticity in general. C1 [Wright, T. F.; Hobson, E. A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol MSC 3AF, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Eberhard, J. R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Avery, M. L.] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Florida Field Stn, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. [Russello, M. A.] Univ British Columbia Okanagan, Dept Biol, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. RP Wright, TF (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol MSC 3AF, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM wright@nmsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [IOS-0725032] FX We thank C. Dahlin, A. Young, E. Schirtzinger, K. Petren and M.J. West-Eberhard for their helpful comments on the manuscript. TFW was supported by National Science Foundation grant IOS-0725032. NR 84 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 10 U2 127 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0394-9370 EI 1828-7131 J9 ETHOL ECOL EVOL JI Ethol. Ecol. Evol. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 BP 393 EP 404 AR PII 929150328 DI 10.1080/03949370.2010.505580 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 675WW UT WOS:000283872700008 ER PT J AU Leblond, JD Dahmen, JL Evens, TJ AF Leblond, Jeffrey D. Dahmen, Jeremy L. Evens, Terence J. TI Mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol composition of dinoflagellates. IV. Temperature-induced modulation of fatty acid regiochemistry as observed by electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE algae; chloroplast; DGDG; dinoflagellate; lipid; MGDG; Pyrocystis ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MEMBRANE-LIPIDS; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; DGD1 MUTANT; GALACTOLIPIDS; GROWTH AB Members of the dinoflagellate genus Pyrocystis possess forms of mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG and DGDG, respectively) that have the C20 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid [20:5(n-3)] at the sn-1 position and either octadecapentaenoic acid [18:5(n-3)] or octadecatetraenoic acid [18:4(n-3)] at the sn-2 position. We have examined the effect of growth at 15 degrees C, 20 degrees C, and 25 degrees C on modulation of the fatty acids associated with MGDG and DGDG in two strains of each of three species of Pyrocystis, P. fusiformis, P. lunula, and P. noctiluca and have observed using positive-ion electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) and electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ESI/MS/MS) that modulation of the sn-2 fatty acid of DGDG was the only consistent, statistically significant temperature response across all three species. Only one strain of P. lunula displayed a statistically significant temperature-induced modulation of MGDG. In addition, the effect of growth temperature on two forms of the recently identified lipid, trigalactosyldiacylglycerol (TGDG), was examined; TGDG displayed a statistically significant temperature response in only one strain of P. noctiluca. The results presented herein demonstrate how DGDG is modified preferentially over MGDG and TGDG in response to growth temperature by modulating the sn-2 fatty acid of DGDG between the 18:5(n-3) and 18:4(n-3) forms, while the sn-1 fatty acid, 20:5(n-3), remained constant. C1 [Leblond, Jeffrey D.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. [Dahmen, Jeremy L.] Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Evens, Terence J.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Leblond, JD (reprint author), Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, POB 60, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. EM jleblond@mtsu.edu NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0967-0262 J9 EUR J PHYCOL JI Eur. J. Phycol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 AR PII 916674597 DI 10.1080/09670260903171650 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 594AY UT WOS:000277506400002 ER PT J AU Evens, TJ Niedz, RP AF Evens, Terence J. Niedz, Randall P. TI Quantification of nutrient-replete growth rates in five-ion hyperspace for Chlorella vulgaris (Trebouxiophyceae) and Peridinium cinctum (Dinophyceae) SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chlorella vulgaris; design of experiments; hyperspatial; ion-specific effects; multivariate; N:P ratios; Peridinium cinctum ID N-P; MODELS; RATIOS AB The effects of five ions, NO(3)(-), PO(4)(3-), K(+), Na(+) and Cl(-), on growth rates were quantified for Chlorella vulgaris (Trebouxiophyceae) and Peridinium cinctum (Dinophyceae) in batch cultures. A five-dimensional, experimental design hypervolume was defined by five-ion mixture vectors projected across a total ion concentration gradient of 1 to 30 mM to quantify growth rates in relation to N:P ratios and primary bulk solution ions. Both C. vulgaris and P. cinctum exhibited very similar, positive responses to cations and negative responses to anions. It was determined that total ion concentration for these five ions, from 1 to 30 mM, did not directly affect growth rate for either alga, although it did play an interactive role with several ions. No truly 'optimal' N:P ratio was identified for either alga. Instead, regions of fast growth rates were mapped within the multivariate experimental design space, or 'hypervolumes', that encompassed relatively broad ranges of N:P ratios. This illustrates the fact that optimality is highly contextual and directly dependent on the total ion complement of any given medium. Our results also show that pH is a poor indicator of growth medium quality and should not be considered an independent factor. This study is the first set of unconfounded, ion-specific experiments with algae that we are aware of. The data suggest that we need to reconsider the discussion surrounding 'optimal' ratios and concentrations of nutrients/ions in relation to growth to encompass the hyperdimensionality of media defined by multiple ion vectors. This 'ionic context' is extremely important to algal physiology, has broad implications for questions of nutrient requirements, and needs to be further explored. C1 [Evens, Terence J.; Niedz, Randall P.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Evens, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM terence.evens@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0967-0262 J9 EUR J PHYCOL JI Eur. J. Phycol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 3 BP 247 EP 257 DI 10.1080/09670261003754577 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 675QU UT WOS:000283846300004 ER PT J AU Pegg, R Almanza, A AF Pegg, Rayne Almanza, Alfred TI Evaluation of the Food Safety Requirements of the Federal Purchase Ground Beef Program SO EVALUATION OF THE FOOD SAFETY REQUIREMENTS OF THE FEDERAL PURCHASE GROUND BEEF PROGRAM LA English DT Editorial Material; Book C1 [Pegg, Rayne] Agr Mkt Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Almanza, Alfred] Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Pegg, R (reprint author), Agr Mkt Serv, USDA, 1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-17709-2 PY 2010 BP 3 EP 28 PG 26 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BC4IG UT WOS:000352542400001 ER PT B AU Wilson, C Scott, TP Lopez, JD AF Wilson, Craig Scott, Timothy P. Lopez, Juan D., Jr. BE Yaeger, RE TI "Who Ate Our Corn?" We Want to Know and so Should You! SO EXEMPLARY SCIENCE FOR RESOLVING SOCIETAL CHALLENGES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SCIENCE C1 [Wilson, Craig; Scott, Timothy P.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Lopez, Juan D., Jr.] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. RP Wilson, C (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NSTA PRESS PI ARLINGTON PA NATL SCI TEACHERS ASSOC, ARLINGTON, VA 00000 USA BN 978-1-936137-12-1 PY 2010 BP 51 EP 68 PG 18 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BRW05 UT WOS:000283768400005 ER PT J AU Jones, JL Dubey, JP AF Jones, J. L. Dubey, J. P. TI Waterborne toxoplasmosis - Recent developments SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Toxoplasma gondii; Toxoplasmosis; Oocyst; Pathogenesis; Biology; Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Toxoplasma; Waterborne; Parasite; Protozoa ID FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CATS OTOCOLOBUS-MANUL; RURAL WESTERN AMAZON; BOBCATS LYNX-RUFUS; RIO-DE-JANEIRO; GONDII ANTIBODIES; DOMESTIC CATS; STRAY CATS; FERAL CATS; SEROLOGICAL SURVEY AB Humans become infected with Toxoplasma gondii mainly by ingesting uncooked meat containing viable tissue cysts or by ingesting food or water contaminated with oocysts from the feces of infected cats. Circumstantial evidence suggests that oocyst-induced infections in humans are clinically more severe than tissue cyst-acquired infections. Until recently, waterborne transmission of T gondii was considered uncommon, but a large human outbreak linked to contamination of a municipal water reservoir in Canada by wild felids and the widespread infection of marine mammals in the USA provided reasons to question this view. The present paper examines the possible importance of T. gondii transmission by water. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Jones, J. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F22, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM JLJ1@CDC.GOV NR 258 TC 118 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 45 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 124 IS 1 SI SI BP 10 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.03.013 PG 16 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 550NM UT WOS:000274134700003 PM 19324041 ER PT J AU Fayer, R AF Fayer, Ronald TI Taxonomy and species delimitation in Cryptosporidium SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Cryptosporidium; Taxonomy; Species; Fish; Amphibians; Reptiles; Birds; Mammals; International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) ID N. SP APICOMPLEXA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; GEESE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; HIV-INFECTED PERSONS; CATTLE BOS-TAURUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; CAPTIVE REPTILES; MURIS INFECTION AB Amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals serve as hosts for 19 species of Cryptosporidium. All 19 species have been confirmed by morphological, biological, and molecular data. Fish serve as hosts for three additional species, all of which lack supporting molecular data. In addition to the named species, gene sequence data from more than 40 isolates from various vertebrate hosts are reported in the scientific literature or are listed in GenBank. These isolates lack taxonomic status and are referred to as genotypes based on the host of origin. Undoubtedly, some will eventually be recognized as species. For them to receive taxonomic status sufficient morphological, biological, and molecular data are required and names must comply with the rules of the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). Because the ICZN rules may be interpreted differently by persons proposing names, original names might be improperly assigned, original literature might be overlooked, or new scientific methods might be applicable to determining taxonomic status, the names of species and higher taxa are not immutable. The rapidly evolving taxonomic status of Cryptosporidium sp. reflects these considerations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Ronald.Fayer@ars.usda.gov NR 131 TC 160 Z9 185 U1 4 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 124 IS 1 SI SI BP 90 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.03.005 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 550NM UT WOS:000274134700011 PM 19303009 ER PT J AU Silverstein, J Hanson, T Bosworth, B AF Silverstein, Jeffrey Hanson, Terrill Bosworth, Brian BE LeFrancois, NR Jobling, M Carter, C Blier, PU TI The Catfish (Family: Ictaluridae) SO FINFISH AQUACULTURE DIVERSIFICATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHANNEL CATFISH; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; PUNCTATUS; DENSITY; GROWTH; COSTS; DIETS; PONDS C1 [Silverstein, Jeffrey] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Hanson, Terrill] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Bosworth, Brian] ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Silverstein, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM jsilvers@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov; hansontr@auburn.edu NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-494-1 PY 2010 BP 216 EP 233 DI 10.1079/9781845934941.0216 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BWA71 UT WOS:000293279000011 ER PT J AU Dickinson, MB Ryan, KC AF Dickinson, Matthew B. Ryan, Kevin C. TI INTRODUCTION: STRENGTHENING THE FOUNDATION OF WILDLAND FIRE EFFECTS PREDICTION FOR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE fauna; fire effects; fire metrology; fire modeling; fire monitoring; flora ID FOREST-FIRES; FUEL-MANAGEMENT; TREE MORTALITY; BEETLE ATTACKS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WILDFIRES; MODEL; VEGETATION; CONIFERS; DISASTER AB As prescribed fire use increases and the options for responding to wildfires continue to expand beyond suppression, the need for improving fire effects prediction capabilities becomes increasingly apparent. The papers in this Fire Ecology special issue describe recent advances in fire effects prediction for key classes of direct (first-order) fire effects. Important gaps in predictive capabilities exist in pre-, active-, and post-fire measurement technology; in our ability to predict heat deposition to soil and plant surfaces from knowledge of fuels and models that simulate smoldering combustion, flame spread, and plume dynamics; in our ability to predict above and below ground plant heating and injury; in our understanding of the physiological causes of plant mortality; and in our knowledge of direct effects of fire on fauna and their habitats. Fire effects on shrub and grassland systems are particularly poorly studied. Recent advances in software systems, in which multiple models and databases are included in a single application tailored to address fire management questions, give impetus to foundational fire effects research that would improve fire effects prediction. In this introduction, we describe the range of approaches to predicting fire effects, from statistical to process; we define terminology used throughout the issue; and we highlight research and development needs. We offer the following goal as a challenge to the research community: the development of a comprehensive, first-order fire effects model employing a diversity of approaches (from statistical to process) and built to serve a range of applications (from research to land management). C1 [Dickinson, Matthew B.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Ryan, Kevin C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. RP Dickinson, MB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM mbdickinson@fs.fed.us OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0601001 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VD UT WOS:000208707400001 ER PT J AU O'Brien, JJ Hiers, JK Mitchell, RJ Varner, JM Mordecai, K AF O'Brien, Joseph J. Hiers, J. Kevin Mitchell, R. J. Varner, J. Morgan, III Mordecai, Kathryn TI ACUTE PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS AND MORTALITY FOLLOWING FIRE IN A LONG-UNBURNED LONGLEAF PINE ECOSYSTEM SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll; crown scorch; duff; forest floor consumption; Pinus palustris; transpiration AB One important legacy of fire exclusion in ecosystems dependent upon frequent fire is the development of organic soil horizons (forest floor) that can be colonized by fine roots. When fire is re-introduced, the forest floor is often consumed by fire and heavy overstory mortality, often delayed by months, results. We hypothesized that the delayed post-fire tree mortality is a manifestation of a cascade of physiological stresses initiated by root damage that can also magnify the impact of other kinds of damage. We investigated the physiological impact of forest floor consumption on longleaf pines (Pinus palustris Mill.) subjected to a wildfire in 2005 in a long-unburned (>50 years) forest by measuring forest floor consumption, whole tree water use, and leaf chlorophyll content. Ten of the 23 study trees died within three years post fire. Post-fire sap flux was unrelated to crown scorch, but was negatively correlated with forest floor consumption. A segmented linear regression revealed declines in sap flux until a threshold of 31% forest floor consumption, after which further consumption had no additional effect on tree water use. Trees with >30% forest floor consumption beneath their crowns were more than 20 times as likely to die as those with less consumption. Chlorophyll content in needles that flushed post fire was negatively correlated with crown scorch (R-2 = 0.60, P = 0.009) though all trees with scorch also experienced varying degrees of forest floor consumption. Our results suggest that the consumption of the forest floor with the likely concomitant loss of roots initiated a decline spiral, driven by an inability to supply sufficient water to the crown. Though we did not measure loss of stored carbohydrates in consumed roots directly, we infer that this likely effect, coupled with decreased crown photosynthetic capacity, eventually resulted in substantial overstory tree mortality. C1 [O'Brien, Joseph J.; Mordecai, Kathryn] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, Athens, GA 30601 USA. [Hiers, J. Kevin] Eglin AFB, Nat Resources Management, Niceville, FL 32578 USA. [Mitchell, R. J.] Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr Ichauway, Newton, GA 39870 USA. [Varner, J. Morgan, III] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP O'Brien, JJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30601 USA. EM jjobrien@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Programs [01-1-3-11] FX This research was funded by the Joint Fire Science Programs grant 01-1-3-11. The authors wish to acknowledge the invaluable contributions of Dr. Doria Gordon, The Fort Gordon Forestry Program, Dr. Mac Callaham, Jr., and the anonymous reviewers. NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 26 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2010 VL 6 IS 2 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0602001 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VE UT WOS:000208707500001 ER PT J AU Kremens, RL Smith, AMS Dickinson, MB AF Kremens, Robert L. Smith, Alistair M. S. Dickinson, Matthew B. TI FIRE METROLOGY: CURRENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN PHYSICS-BASED MEASUREMENTS SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE energy transport; fire metrology; radiative transport; remote sensing; satellite methods AB The robust evaluation of fire impacts on the biota, soil, and atmosphere requires measurement and analysis methods that can characterize combustion processes across a range of temporal and spatial scales. Numerous challenges are apparent in the literature. These challenges have led to novel research to quantify the 1) structure and heterogeneity of the pre-fire vegetation; 2) energy released during the combustion process and the ultimate disposition of that energy through conduction, radiation, and convective transport; and 3) landscape-scale impacts of fire on soils, vegetation, and atmosphere. The grand challenge is how to integrate the pre-, active-, and post-fire measurements and physical process models into a single robust and well validated framework. This paper presents a brief review of the current state of fire metrology research and proposes future research to address the measurement grand challenge. C1 [Kremens, Robert L.] Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Smith, Alistair M. S.] Univ Idaho, Expt Biophys Measurements Lab, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Dickinson, Matthew B.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Kremens, RL (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, 54 Lomb Mem Dr,Bldg 17-3153, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM kremens@cis.rit.edu RI Smith, Alistair/I-3162-2014; OI Smith, Alistair/0000-0003-0071-9958; Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 FU Northern Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service; NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program; National Science Foundation [EPS-0814387]; Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Northern and Rocky Mountain Research Stations, US Forest Service, without whose help this work would not have been possible. Partial support for Smith was obtained from the NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program and by the National Science Foundation under award number EPS-0814387. Comments from three anonymous reviewers were greatly appreciated. NR 96 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 13 EP 35 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0601013 PG 23 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VD UT WOS:000208707400002 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ McKelvey, SR AF Fettig, Christopher J. McKelvey, Stephen R. TI BARK BEETLE RESPONSES TO STAND STRUCTURE AND PRESCRIBED FIRE AT BLACKS MOUNTAIN EXPERIMENTAL FOREST, CALIFORNIA, USA: 5-YEAR DATA SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Abies concolor; Dendroctonus; fuel reduction; Ips; Pinus jeffreyi; Pinus ponderosa; resiliency; Scolytus AB Highly effective fire suppression and selective harvesting of large-diameter, fire-tolerant tree species, such as ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson) and Jeffrey pine (P. jeffreyi Balf.), have resulted in substantial changes to the structure and composition of interior ponderosa pine forests. Mechanical thinning and the application of prescribed fire are now commonly used to reduce fuel loads and restore late-seral conditions in interior ponderosa pine forests, but the propensity for some bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) to attack fire-injured trees has led to questions regarding how management objectives may be impacted by levels of delayed tree mortality attributed to bark beetle attack. In this study, we examined bark beetle responses to creation of mid-seral (low structural diversity; LoD) and late-seral (high structural diversity; HiD) forest structures at Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest, California, USA, during a five-year period following the application of prescribed fire (B). Twelve experimental plots (LoD and HiD), ranging in size from 77 ha to 144 ha, were split with one half randomly assigned prescribed fire, resulting in four treatments (HiD, HiD + B, LoD, and LoD + B). A total of 6877 pine and fir (Abies) trees (4.0% of all trees) were killed by bark beetles (all bark beetle species combined). Most of the tree mortality was attributed to western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte) and mountain pine beetle (D. ponderosae Hopkins) in ponderosa pine, and fir engraver (Scolytus ventralis LeConte) in white fir (Abies concolor [Gord. & Glend.] Lindl. ex Hildebr.). The majority of bark beetle-caused tree mortality was recorded on HiD + B (41.5% of trees that were killed by bark beetles) with 30.0%, 23.5%, and 5.0% occurring on HiD, LoD + B, and LoD, respectively. Overall, a significantly higher percentage of bark beetle-caused tree mortality (of available trees) occurred on LoD + B (5.3%) and HiD + B (4.8%) compared to LoD (1.1%). We observed no significant differences in levels of bark beetle-caused tree mortality (all bark beetle species combined) among diameter classes, but the level of western pine beetle-caused tree mortality was concentrated in the large tree component on burned split plots, which differs from results obtained two years after the application of prescribed fire. The amount of bark beetle-caused tree mortality increased substantially on unburned split plots compared to burned split plots following our initial survey (i.e., three years to five years after the application of prescribed fire). The implications of these and other results for the management and maintenance of late-seral conditions in interior ponderosa pine forests are discussed. C1 [Fettig, Christopher J.; McKelvey, Stephen R.] US Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us FU Washington Office of the Forest Service, a US President's Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers; Pacific Southwest Research Station FX We thank R. Borys, C. Dabney, M. Patterson, and C. Stoll (formerly Pacific Southwest Research Station, PSW) for technical assistance, and J. Baldwin (PSW) for aid with statistical analyses, specifically concerning the Satterthwaite approximation method. We acknowledge the numerous contributions of M. Ritchie, C. Skinner, and others at the Redding Laboratory (PSW) to the maintenance of scientific infrastructure at BMEF. We also thank our numerous colleagues on the Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest Ecological Research Team for their participation in this large-scale study. Special thanks to C. Hayes (PSW) and two anonymous reviewers for their critiques, which greatly improved earlier versions of this manuscript. This research was supported, in part, by ecosystem management research funds received through the Washington Office of the Forest Service, a US President's Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (to C.J.F.), and the Pacific Southwest Research Station. This article was written and prepared by US government employees on official time and it is, therefore, in the public domain and not subject to copyright. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 10 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2010 VL 6 IS 2 BP 26 EP 42 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0602026 PG 17 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VE UT WOS:000208707500003 ER PT J AU Massman, WJ Frank, JM Mooney, SJ AF Massman, William J. Frank, John M. Mooney, Sacha J. TI ADVANCING INVESTIGATION AND PHYSICAL MODELING OF FIRST-ORDER FIRE EFFECTS ON SOILS SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dynamic feedbacks; pore structure; soil mass transport; soil thermal forcing; surface boundary conditions AB Heating soil during intense wildland fires or slash-pile burns can alter the soil irreversibly, resulting in many significant long-term biological, chemical, physical, and hydrological effects. To better understand these long-term effects, it is necessary to improve modeling capability and prediction of the more immediate, or first-order, effects that fire can have on soils. This study uses novel and unique observational data from an experimental slash-pile burn to examine the physical processes that govern the transport of energy and mass associated with fire-related soil heating. Included in this study are the descriptions of 1) a hypothesized fire-induced air circulation within the soil, and 2) a new and significant dynamic feedback between the fire and the soil structure. The first of these two hypotheses is proposed to account for the almost instantaneous order-of-magnitude increase in soil CO2 observed during the initiation of the burn. The second results from observed changes to the thermal conductivity of the soil, thought to occur during the fire, which allow the heat pulse to penetrate deeper into the soil than would occur without this change. The first ever X-ray computed tomography images of burn area soils are consistent with a change in soil structure and a concomitant change in soil thermal conductivity. Other ways that current technology can be used to aid in improving physically-based process-level models are also suggested. C1 [Massman, William J.; Frank, John M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Mooney, Sacha J.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Biosci, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Massman, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 West Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM wmassman@fs.fed.us OI Mooney, Sacha/0000-0002-9314-8113 NR 61 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 36 EP 54 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0601036 PG 19 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VD UT WOS:000208707400003 ER PT J AU DeSantis, RD Hallgren, SW Stahle, DW AF DeSantis, Ryan D. Hallgren, Stephen W. Stahle, David W. TI HISTORIC FIRE REGIME OF AN UPLAND OAK FOREST IN SOUTH-CENTRAL NORTH AMERICA SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic ignition; Cross Timbers; dendrochronology; fire history; oak forest; Oklahoma; post oak; prescribed burning; Quercus stellata Wangenh AB Prescribed burning is used in upland oak forests of south-central North America to improve wildlife habitat, reduce fire hazard, restore ecosystem integrity, and maintain biological diversity. However, little is known about the frequency, seasonality, and ignition source of historic fires that shaped these forests. In general, it is believed that fire frequency in upland oak forests of south-central North America was influenced by climate and humans, and decreased since Euro-American settlement; yet there is a dearth of scientific evidence to support this conclusion. The objective of this study was to link the fire history of an upland oak forest in east-central Oklahoma with factors controlling the fire regime. We removed cross-sections from 69 dead post oak (Quercus stellata Wangenh.) trees in a 1 km(2) area of old-growth post oak and blackjack oak (Q. marilandica Munchh.) forest, and determined the tree-ring record and exact dates of fire scars from 1750 to 2005, using standard dendrochronological methods. An increase in fire from the eighteenth to early twenty-first centuries appeared to be associated with changes in human occupation, and there was little evidence linking the frequency, severity, or extent of fires to climate factors including drought, lightning, and late-spring frosts. These findings appeared to contradict the belief that fire decreased from the eighteenth to early twenty-first centuries and appeared to emphasize the importance of anthropogenic ignition to the local fire regime. C1 [DeSantis, Ryan D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hallgren, Stephen W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Stahle, David W.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP DeSantis, RD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM desantisr@missouri.edu RI Hallgren, Stephen/A-2131-2013 NR 70 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2010 VL 6 IS 3 BP 45 EP 61 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0603045 PG 17 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VF UT WOS:000208707600003 ER PT J AU Butler, BW Dickinson, MB AF Butler, Bret W. Dickinson, Matthew B. TI TREE INJURY AND MORTALITY IN FIRES: DEVELOPING PROCESS-BASED MODELS SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boundary conditions; fire effects; plant mortality; process modeling; wildland fire ID FINE FUEL MOISTURE; PONDEROSA PINE; HEAT-TRANSFER; FORCED-CONVECTION; DUFF CONSUMPTION; TISSUE NECROSIS; BOREAL FORESTS; SURFACE FIRES; ECOSYSTEMS; COMBUSTION AB Wildland fire managers are often required to predict tree injury and mortality when planning a prescribed burn or when considering wildfire management options; and, currently, statistical models based on post-fire observations are the only tools available for this purpose. Implicit in the derivation of statistical models is the assumption that they are strictly applicable only for the species or conditions for which they were developed. The result has been a profusion of separate models of uncertain generality. A parallel research effort, the process approach, has been directed at modeling tree injury and mortality by directly simulating the energy-transfer process from the fire to the exterior surface of the plant, and thence into roots, stems, and foliage. Process models can currently predict stem or tree death if certain injury thresholds are reached. We present a brief review of the current understanding of the biophysical processes causing fire-induced plant injury, and focus on the challenges associated with defining boundary conditions, initial conditions, and thermal and physical properties required for modeling plant heating and tissue necrosis. We argue for integration of statistical and process approaches to predicting tree injury and mortality wherein process models provide inputs for statistical models. Research gaps that hinder the application of process-based tree injury and mortality models include linkage of fire effects models with combustion models (especially coupled fire-atmosphere models) through the boundary conditions required for simulating tissue heating, descriptions of live tree thermal and physical characteristics, and better understanding of the physiological basis for delayed fire-caused mortality and the interactions between fire injury and second-order causes of mortality such as diseases and insects. C1 [Butler, Bret W.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Dickinson, Matthew B.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Butler, BW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Highway 10W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM bwbutler@fs.fed.us OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 NR 162 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 11 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 55 EP 79 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0601055 PG 25 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VD UT WOS:000208707400004 ER PT J AU Holden, ZA Morgan, P Hudak, AT AF Holden, Zachary A. Morgan, Penelope Hudak, Andrew T. TI BURN SEVERITY OF AREAS REBURNED BY WILDFIRES IN THE GILA NATIONAL FOREST, NEW MEXICO, USA SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE burn severity; Gila Wilderness; New Mexico; wildland fire use ID LANDSCAPE AB We describe satellite-inferred burn severity patterns of areas that were burned and then reburned by wildland fire from 1984 to 2004 within the Gila Aldo Leopold Wilderness Complex, New Mexico, USA. Thirteen fires have burned 27 000 hectares across multiple vegetation types at intervals between fires ranging from 3 yr to 14 yr. Burn severity of reburned areas showed sensitivity to the severity of the initial fire. The severity of reburned areas also varied by vegetation type and time elapsed between fires. Initial fires that burned at low severity tended to reburn at low severity, while reburned areas where initial fire was severe showed higher probability of reburning at high severity. Our analysis also suggests that there may be thresholds in the severity of an initial burn above which the severity of the subsequent fire is likely to increase. Because the spectral index used primarily reflects changes in vegetation relative to pre-burn conditions, a large relative change in post-fire vegetation (e. g., shrubs and small trees), as inferred from remotely sensed spectral data, is likely at sites that previously burned at high severity. Field data are needed to fully assess the reburn severity issue, in order to demonstrate that severe reburns may be a relatively new phenomenon occurring outside the historical norm, with potential long-term ecological significance. C1 [Holden, Zachary A.] US Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Morgan, Penelope] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hudak, Andrew T.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Holden, ZA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 200 East Broadway St, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM zaholden@fs.fed.us FU Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture [02-JV-111222048-252]; USDA/USDI [JFSP 05-02-1-101] FX This research was supported in part by funds provided by the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture (Research Joint Venture Agreement 02-JV-111222048-252); and the USDA/USDI Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP 05-02-1-101). Two anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved the manuscript. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 11 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2010 VL 6 IS 3 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0603077 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VF UT WOS:000208707600005 ER PT J AU Kavanagh, KL Dickinson, MB Bova, AS AF Kavanagh, Kathleen L. Dickinson, Matthew B. Bova, Anthony S. TI A WAY FORWARD FOR FIRE-CAUSED TREE MORTALITY PREDICTION: MODELING A PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCE OF FIRE SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cavitation; crown scorch; fire plume; tree mortality; vapor pressure deficit AB Current operational methods for predicting tree mortality from fire injury are regression-based models that only indirectly consider underlying causes and, thus, have limited generality. A better understanding of the physiological consequences of tree heating and injury are needed to develop biophysical process models that can make predictions under changing or novel conditions. As an illustration of the benefits that may arise from including physiological processes in models of fire-caused tree mortality, we develop a testable, biophysical hypothesis for explaining pervasive patterns in conifer injury and functional impairment in response to fires. We use a plume model to estimate vapor pressure deficits (D) in tree canopies during surface fires and show that D are sufficiently high to cause embolism in canopy branches. The potential implications of plume conditions and tree response are discussed. C1 [Kavanagh, Kathleen L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Dickinson, Matthew B.; Bova, Anthony S.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Kavanagh, KL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, POB 441133, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM katyk@uidaho.edu OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 FU National Fire Plan; Joint Fire Science Program FX Thanks to Melvin Tyree, Richard Waring, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on a draft of the manuscript. Bova and Dickinson's work on this paper was supported in part by the National Fire Plan, and Kavanagh's work on this paper was partially supported by the Joint Fire Science Program. NR 63 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 13 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 80 EP 94 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0601080 PG 15 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VD UT WOS:000208707400005 ER PT J AU Ellsworth, LM Kauffman, JB AF Ellsworth, Lisa M. Kauffman, J. Boone TI NATIVE BUNCHGRASS RESPONSE TO PRESCRIBED FIRE IN UNGRAZED MOUNTAIN BIG SAGEBRUSH ECOSYSTEMS SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata; Bromus tectorum; bunchgrass; cheatgrass; fire return interval; mountain big sagebrush; prescribed fire; Pseudoroegneria spicata; rangeland restoration AB Fire was historically a dominant ecological process throughout mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. vaseyana [Rydb.] Beetle) ecosystems of western North America, and the native biota have developed many adaptations to persist in a regime typified by frequent fires. Following spring and fall prescribed fires conducted in sites of different ecological conditions at the Lava Beds National Monument, California, USA, we examined the reproductive, density, and cover responses of four native bunchgrasses: bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata [Pursh] A. Love), Thurber's needlegrass (Achnatherum thurberianum [Piper] Barkworth), squirreltail (Elymus elymoides [Raf.] Swezey), and Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda J. Presl). High rates of survival and fire-enhanced flowering were measured following fires. Thurber's needlegrass density decreased following spring burns in sites dominated by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) (from 3.3 plants m(-2) to 0.8 plants m(-2); P < 0.05). Density of bluebunch wheatgrass decreased following spring fires (from 3.7 plants m(-2) to 1.9 plants m(-2); P = 0.02) and cover was reduced in both spring and fall burn treatments (P = 0.04) in native dominated sites. Fire-enhanced flowering (increases in reproductive efforts) occurred in bluebunch wheatgrass in cheatgrass dominated sites (244% increase in reproductive culms following fire), native dominated sites (350% increase), and woody encroachment sites (500% increase) sites following fall fires. These results show that these native bunchgrasses positively respond to prescribed fire through increases in reproductive efforts and high rates of survival following fires. This suggests that fire can be an important tool for the restoration and conservation of these fire adapted bunchgrasses. C1 [Ellsworth, Lisa M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kauffman, J. Boone] US Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Ellsworth, LM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, 1910 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM lmellsworth@gmail.com RI Ellsworth, Lisa/I-6689-2013 FU Joint Fire Sciences Program; National Park Service FX Many thanks to L. Irwin, M. Columbo, J. Wilson, and L. Kellogg for assistance in data collection. This manuscript was greatly improved by the comments and suggestions submitted by P. Doescher, R. Miller, and two anonymous reviewers. This work was funded by the Joint Fire Sciences Program and the National Park Service. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 21 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2010 VL 6 IS 3 BP 86 EP 96 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0603086 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VF UT WOS:000208707600006 ER PT J AU Stephan, K Miller, M Dickinson, MB AF Stephan, Kirsten Miller, Melanie Dickinson, Matthew B. TI FIRST-ORDER FIRE EFFECTS ON HERBS AND SHRUBS: PRESENT KNOWLEDGE AND PROCESS MODELING NEEDS SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cacti; heat tolerance; herbs; fire ecology; first-order fire effects; process modeling; research needs; review; shrubs AB Herbaceous plants and shrubs have received little attention in terms of fire effects modeling despite their critical role in ecosystem integrity and resilience after wildfires and prescribed burns. In this paper, we summarize current knowledge of direct effects of fire on herb and shrub (including cacti) vegetative tissues and seed banks, propose key components for process-based modeling, and outline research needs. Most herbs and shrubs are likely to be killed or top-killed even in low intensity surface fires. Therefore, modeling efforts should focus on mortality of protected above and below ground meristematic tissue and seeds as well as the effects on seed germination. Further development of an organic and mineral soil heating model capable of describing heating patterns under a range of flaming and smoldering fire behaviors, validated heat transfer models for protected plant structures, standardized descriptions of tissue heat tolerance for a wider range of species, and a better understanding of the effects of soil heating on seed banks are required. The combination of these components would result in a comprehensive, process-based model predicting immediate herb, shrub, and seed mortality and post-fire responses. It would permit quantitative description of fire severity and a more accurate prediction of post-fire ecosystem recovery. C1 [Stephan, Kirsten] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Miller, Melanie] Natl Interagency Fire Ctr, Bur Land Management, Natl Off Fire & Aviat, Boise, ID 83705 USA. [Dickinson, Matthew B.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Stephan, K (reprint author), Lincoln Univ, Dept Life & Phys Sci, 820 Chestnut St, Jefferson City, MO 65101 USA. EM stephank@lincolnu.edu OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 NR 105 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 13 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 95 EP 114 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0601095 PG 20 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VD UT WOS:000208707400006 ER PT J AU Reinhardt, ED Dickinson, MB AF Reinhardt, Elizabeth D. Dickinson, Matthew B. TI FIRST-ORDER FIRE EFFECTS MODELS FOR LAND MANAGEMENT: OVERVIEW AND ISSUES SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE empirical models; first-order fire effects; land management applications; process models; rule-based models AB We give an overview of the science application process at work in supporting fire management. First-order fire effects models, such as those discussed in accompanying papers, are the building blocks of software systems designed for application to landscapes over time scales from days to centuries. Fire effects may be modeled using empirical, rule based, or process approaches. Fire effects software systems can be used to conduct risk assessments, develop prescriptions for fuel treatments or prescribed fire, or support long-term planning. A brief review of the software systems available and the fire effects models on which they are based is presented. We consider the future of software systems for fire management and, given gaps in fire effects modeling capabilities, how to strengthen their foundation. C1 [Reinhardt, Elizabeth D.] US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Dickinson, Matthew B.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Reinhardt, ED (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, 5785 West Broadway St, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM ereinhardt@fs.fed.us OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 131 EP 142 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0601131 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VD UT WOS:000208707400008 ER PT S AU Kahlon, TS AF Kahlon, Talwinder S. BE Qian, MC Rimando, AM TI Evaluating Health Benefits of Various Fruits SO FLAVOR AND HEALTH BENEFITS OF SMALL FRUITS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc ID IN-VITRO BINDING; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; BILE-ACIDS; VEGETABLE INTAKE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK; CHOLESTEROL; PREVENTION; CRANBERRY; CHOLESTYRAMINE AB Fruits are an essential part of our daily diets. Most fruits are naturally low in fat, sodium, and calories. Fruits are important sources of many nutrients, including potassium, dietary fiber, vitamin C and folic, acid and they do not contain cholesterol. Some fruits have laxative effect, and prevent urinary tract infections or kidney stone formation. Phytonutrients in fruits have been shown to stimulate natural detoxifying enzymes in the body and lower the risk of atherosclerosis and cancer. Fruit consumption in US is less than half of the daily recommended level. Comprehensive national efforts are needed to increase fruit consumption for school children, adolescents and adults. Stock up fruits and never be fruitless! Bag some fruit for your morning commute. Buy fresh fruits in season when they taste best and cost less. The recommended consumption of fruits is 1 cup/1000 Calories or 2-2.5 cups (400-500g) per day. Fruit consumption needs to be doubled and it would improve nutrition and lower the risk of premature degenerative diseases. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kahlon, TS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM talwinder.kahlon@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2549-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1035 BP 13 EP 23 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BVT24 UT WOS:000292708300002 ER PT S AU Dean, LL Leavens, JB Boyd, LC AF Dean, Lisa L. Leavens, Je'Velle B. Boyd, Leon C. BE DaCosta, NC Cannon, RJ TI Processing Effects on the Flavor and Quality of Blueberries SO FLAVORS IN NONCARBONATED BEVERAGES SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc ID HIGH HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; JUICE; ANTHOCYANINS; PHENOLICS; FRUIT; ASTRINGENCY; BITTERNESS; BILBERRY; ENZYME AB The valuable nutrients and antioxidants present in fruits and berries are responsible for their perception as healthy foods. To prepare these products for juices and wines, they are often heated and pasteurized. This can cause flavor changes and losses of antioxidant compounds in blueberries. Changes induced by traditional hot pasteurization were compared to newer processing technologies such as enzyme treatment and high hydrostatic pressure. Consumer perceptions of the resulting products and changes in the flavor quality and the antioxidant retention showed that degradation was not lessened by the newer processes. C1 [Dean, Lisa L.] ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Dean, LL (reprint author), ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Lisa.Dean@ars.usda.gov RI Dean, Lisa/B-1463-2015 OI Dean, Lisa/0000-0002-2407-9548 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2551-0 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1036 BP 129 EP 141 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BVX94 UT WOS:000293101800010 ER PT J AU Cantamutto, M Presotto, A Moroni, IF Alvarez, D Poverene, M Seiler, G AF Cantamutto, Miguel Presotto, Alejandro Fernandez Moroni, Ivana Alvarez, Daniel Poverene, Monica Seiler, Gerald TI High infraspecific diversity of wild sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) naturally developed in central Argentina SO FLORA LA English DT Article DE Ferality; Crop-related weed; Non-native invader; Genetic resource; De-domestication ID GENE FLOW; ENVIRONMENT; PLANT; POPULATIONS; INVASIONS; EVOLUTION AB The sunflower's wild relative Helianthus annuus L is a non-native invader in several regions of the world. It was introduced as an experimental forage plant in central Argentina six decades ago where it probably escaped and developed extended populations coexisting with the sunflower crop. If the invasive taxon was diffused without modifications, it would be expected to have phenotypic similarities with its parental sources. Nine populations representative of different geographic regions of central Argentina were compared with 17 populations from the USA (center of origin) in a common garden study at Bahia Blanca, Argentina using 47 phenotypic traits. The nine invasive wild populations were differentiated among themselves and from the native populations by plant form and life cycle traits, oil composition, inflorescence, and achene morphology. Populations from both continents shared traits related to domesticated sunflower, such as bract width over 0.8 cm, but the frequency of this trait was higher in populations from Argentina. The high variability of wild H. annuus populations from Argentina did not reveal any founder effects. The diversity found in the invasive populations reflected about three-fourths of the phenotypic variability of those from the center of origin, even though the environmental conditions of the Argentine habitats represented only half of the variability present in the North American habitats. The current findings demonstrated that the invasive wild sunflower populations have developed within few decades a high degree of variability, which could be a source of a novel biodiversity useful as a genetic resource for sunflower crop improvement. (C) 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Cantamutto, Miguel; Presotto, Alejandro; Fernandez Moroni, Ivana; Poverene, Monica] Univ Nacl Sur, Dept Agron, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Cantamutto, Miguel] Ctr UdL IRTA, Lleida, Cataluna, Spain. [Alvarez, Daniel] Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria, RA-5988 Manfredi, Argentina. [Seiler, Gerald] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Cantamutto, M (reprint author), Univ Nacl Sur, Dept Agron, San Andres 800, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM mcantamutto@yahoo.com FU Fundacion Carolina, Spain; National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET); ANPCYT [PICT 08-9881]; UNS [PGI 24A106]; INTA PNCER [1339] FX The authors would like to thank the Fundacion Carolina, Spain, for a fellowship to M.C., and to National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET) for a fellowship to A.P. We are also grateful to Drs. Ignacio Romagosa and Lluis Torres from Centro UdL-IRTA, Lleida, Spain for assistance with statistical data analyses. This research was supported by grants ANPCYT-PICT 08-9881, UNS-PGI 24A106 and INTA PNCER 1339. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0367-2530 J9 FLORA JI Flora PY 2010 VL 205 IS 5 BP 306 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.flora.2009.12.009 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 609JK UT WOS:000278652300003 ER PT B AU Boller, B Greene, SL AF Boller, Beat Greene, Stephanie L. BE Boller, B Posselt, UK Veronesi, F TI Genetic Resources SO FODDER CROPS AND AMENITY GRASSES SE Handbook of Plant Breeding LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FESTUCA-PRATENSIS HUDS.; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS POPULATIONS; PLANT GERMPLASM COLLECTIONS; CORE COLLECTION; WHITE CLOVER; MICROSATELLITE DIVERSITY; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; MEADOW FESCUE; SEED YIELD; MANAGEMENT C1 [Boller, Beat] Res Stn ART, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. [Greene, Stephanie L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Temperate Forage Legume Genet Resources Unit, Prosser, WA 99352 USA. RP Boller, B (reprint author), Res Stn ART, Reckenholzstr 191, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. EM beat.boller@art.admin.ch; stephanie.greene@ars.usda.gov; beat.boller@art.admin.ch NR 90 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0759-2 J9 HANDB PLANT BREED JI Handb. Plant Breed. PY 2010 VL 5 BP 13 EP 37 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0760-8_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0760-8 PG 25 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BND80 UT WOS:000274240900002 ER PT B AU Casler, MD van Santen, E AF Casler, Michael D. van Santen, Edzard BE Boller, B Posselt, UK Veronesi, F TI Breeding Objectives in Forages SO FODDER CROPS AND AMENITY GRASSES SE Handbook of Plant Breeding LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TEMPERATE AGRICULTURE; GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; COLD TOLERANCE; PHASE-CHANGE; SELECTION; GRASSES; CULTIVARS; ALFALFA; LOLIUM C1 [Casler, Michael D.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [van Santen, Edzard] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdcasler@wisc.edu; evsanten@acesag.auburn.edu NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0759-2 J9 HANDB PLANT BREED JI Handb. Plant Breed. PY 2010 VL 5 BP 115 EP 136 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0760-8_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0760-8 PG 22 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BND80 UT WOS:000274240900005 ER PT J AU Donner, M Atehnkeng, J Sikora, RA Bandyopadhyay, R Cotty, PJ AF Donner, M. Atehnkeng, J. Sikora, R. A. Bandyopadhyay, R. Cotty, P. J. TI Molecular characterization of atoxigenic strains for biological control of aflatoxins in Nigeria SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Global Discussion Forum on Worldwide Mycotoxin Reduction in Food and Feed Chains CY SEP 09-11, 2009 CL Tullin, AUSTRIA SP Int Soc Mycotoxicol, European Project MycoRed, Univ Nat Resources & Appl Sci DE polymerase chain reaction (PCR); mycology; health significance; aflatoxins; cereals ID ASPERGILLUS SECTION FLAVI; BIOSYNTHESIS GENE-CLUSTER; 3 AGROECOLOGICAL ZONES; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; FLANKING REGIONS; UNITED-STATES; PARASITICUS; ORYZAE; SEQUENCE AB Aflatoxins are highly toxic carcinogens produced by several species in Aspergillus section Flavi. Strains of A. flavus that do not produce aflatoxins, called atoxigenic strains, have been used commercially in North America as tools for limiting aflatoxin contamination. A similar aflatoxin management strategy is being pursued in Nigeria. In the current study, loci across the 68 kb aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster were compared among 18 atoxigenic and two aflatoxin-producing vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) from Nigeria and an atoxigenic VCG used commercially in North America. Five of the atoxigenic VCGs had large deletions (37-65 kb) extending from the teleomeric side of the aflatoxin biosynthesis cluster. In one VCG (AV0222) the deletion extended through the cluster to the adjacent sugar cluster. The remaining twelve atoxigenic VCGs, including the VCG used for aflatoxin management in North America, contained all the aflatoxin pathway genes, but with defects. Two observations support the long-term persistence of atoxigenicity within A. flavus: first, a comparison of pathway genes revealed more changes in atoxigenic than in aflatoxin-producing isolates relative to the aflatoxin-producing strain NRRL 3357; and second, several non-synonymous changes are unique to atoxigenics. Atoxigenic VCG diversity was assessed with phylogenetic analyses. Although some atoxigenics share relatively recent ancestry, several are more closely related to aflatoxin producers than to other atoxigenics. The current study demonstrates VCGs of A. flavus in West Africa with diverse mechanisms of atoxigenicity and potential value in aflatoxin management programmes. C1 [Cotty, P. J.] Univ Arizona, USDA, ARS, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol,Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Donner, M.; Sikora, R. A.] Univ Bonn, INRES Inst Crop Sci & Resource Conservat, Dept Plant Pathol, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Atehnkeng, J.; Bandyopadhyay, R.] IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. RP Cotty, PJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, USDA, ARS, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol,Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM pjcotty@email.arizona.edu NR 80 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1944-0049 J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM A JI Food Addit. Contam. Part A-Chem. PY 2010 VL 27 IS 5 BP 576 EP 590 AR PII 922045203 DI 10.1080/19440040903551954 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 593US UT WOS:000277487200002 PM 20455156 ER PT J AU Maragos, CM Busman, M AF Maragos, C. M. Busman, M. TI Rapid and advanced tools for mycotoxin analysis: a review SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry (LC-MS); immunoassays; screening-biosensor; screening assays; mycotoxins ID FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION IMMUNOASSAY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; ELECTROCHEMICAL IMMUNOSENSOR ARRAY; PLASMON RESONANCE BIOSENSOR; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; AFLATOXIN B-1; OCHRATOXIN-A; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY AB The problems associated with mycotoxin contamination of foods and feeds are well established and, in many cases, have been known for a long time. Consequently, the techniques for detecting known mycotoxins are quite advanced and range from methods for directly detecting the toxins themselves, based upon physical characteristics of the toxins, to methods for indirectly detecting the toxins, such as immunoassays. This review focuses on recent technologies that can be used to detect mycotoxins and, as such, is not a comprehensive review of the mycotoxin analytical literature. Rather, the intent is to survey the range of technologies from those that are instrument intensive such as modern chromatographic methods to those that require no instrumentation, such as certain immunoassays and biosensors. In particular, mass spectrometric techniques using ambient ionization offer the intriguing possibility of non-destructive sampling and detection. The potential application of one such technique, desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), is demonstrated for fumonisin B1 on maize. While methods for detecting mycotoxins are quite advanced, the need remains for assays with increased throughput, for the exploration of novel detection technologies, and for the comprehensive validation of such technologies as they continue to be developed. C1 [Maragos, C. M.; Busman, M.] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM chris.maragos@ars.usda.gov NR 113 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 9 U2 65 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1944-0049 J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM A JI Food Addit. Contam. Part A-Chem. PY 2010 VL 27 IS 5 BP 688 EP 700 AR PII 919235854 DI 10.1080/19440040903515934 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 593US UT WOS:000277487200012 PM 20155533 ER PT J AU Yao, H Hruska, Z Kincaid, R Brown, R Cleveland, T Bhatnagar, D AF Yao, H. Hruska, Z. Kincaid, R. Brown, R. Cleveland, T. Bhatnagar, D. TI Correlation and classification of single kernel fluorescence hyperspectral data with aflatoxin concentration in corn kernels inoculated with Aspergillus flavus spores SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE analysis-near infrared (NIR); regression; mycotoxins-aflatoxins; cereals and grain ID GREENISH-YELLOW FLUORESCENCE; CONTAMINATED PISTACHIO NUTS AB The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between fluorescence emissions of corn kernels inoculated with Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination levels within the kernels. Aflatoxin contamination in corn has been a long-standing problem plaguing the grain industry with potentially devastating consequences to corn growers. In this study, aflatoxin-contaminated corn kernels were produced through artificial inoculation of corn ears in the field with toxigenic A. flavus spores. The kernel fluorescence emission data were taken with a fluorescence hyperspectral imaging system when corn kernels were excited with ultraviolet light. Raw fluorescence image data were preprocessed and regions of interest in each image were created for all kernels. The regions of interest were used to extract spectral signatures and statistical information. The aflatoxin contamination level of single corn kernels was then chemically measured using affinity column chromatography. A fluorescence peak shift phenomenon was noted among different groups of kernels with different aflatoxin contamination levels. The fluorescence peak shift was found to move more toward the longer wavelength in the blue region for the highly contaminated kernels and toward the shorter wavelengths for the clean kernels. Highly contaminated kernels were also found to have a lower fluorescence peak magnitude compared with the less contaminated kernels. It was also noted that a general negative correlation exists between measured aflatoxin and the fluorescence image bands in the blue and green regions. The correlation coefficients of determination, r2, was 0.72 for the multiple linear regression model. The multivariate analysis of variance found that the fluorescence means of four aflatoxin groups, 1, 1-20, 20-100, and epsilon 100 ng g-1 (parts per billion), were significantly different from each other at the 0.01 level of alpha. Classification accuracy under a two-class schema ranged from 0.84 to 0.91 when a threshold of either 20 or 100 ng g-1 was used. Overall, the results indicate that fluorescence hyperspectral imaging may be applicable in estimating aflatoxin content in individual corn kernels. C1 [Yao, H.; Hruska, Z.; Kincaid, R.] Mississippi State Univ, Geosyst Res Inst, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Brown, R.; Cleveland, T.; Bhatnagar, D.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Yao, H (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Geosyst Res Inst, Bldg 1103,Suite 118, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM haibo@gri.msstate.edu FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA) [58-6435-3-121] FX Funding for this work was provided by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) (Cooperative Agreement Number 58-6435-3-121). The authors would like to thank Dr Matthew Krakowsky from the USDA/ARS, Tifton, Georgia, for help with producing the corn samples for this study, including planting, inoculation, and harvesting. NR 24 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1944-0049 J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM A JI Food Addit. Contam. Part A-Chem. PY 2010 VL 27 IS 5 BP 701 EP 709 AR PII 919785687 DI 10.1080/19440040903527368 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 593US UT WOS:000277487200013 PM 20221935 ER PT J AU Kmellar, B Abranko, L Fodor, P Lehotay, SJ AF Kmellar, B. Abranko, L. Fodor, P. Lehotay, S. J. TI Routine approach to qualitatively screening 300 pesticides and quantification of those frequently detected in fruit and vegetables using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry (LC; MS); pesticide residues; pesticides; fruit; mushrooms; vegetables ID ETHYL-ACETATE EXTRACTION; RESIDUE ANALYSIS; VALIDATION; FOOD; IDENTIFICATION; UNCERTAINTY; GAS; MS AB This paper describes an efficient and effective analytical scheme to first screen for 300 pesticides in fruit and vegetables samples using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with a commercially enhanced product ion method. Then presumed positive extracts are analysed using a quantitative and confirmatory LC-MS/MS method optimized for 55 pesticides. A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method with acetate buffering (AOAC Official Method 2007.01) was used for sample preparation, which has been previously shown to yield high-quality results for hundreds of pesticide residues in foods. The advantages and disadvantages of both the qualitative screening and quantitative/confirmatory methods and their combination are critically discussed. No false-negatives for the 55 pesticides occurred above 10 ng g-1 for extracts analysed by both LC-MS/MS methods, and the no false-positives were encountered from the screening analysis (after analyst review) because all presumptive identifications were confirmed in the second analysis. The monitoring scheme was applied during a one-year period on 200 fruit and vegetable samples from Hungarian markets. No pesticide residues were found in half the samples, and twelve violations of European maximum residue limits were detected. C1 [Kmellar, B.; Abranko, L.; Fodor, P.] Corvinus Univ Budapest, Fac Food Sci, Dept Appl Chem, Budapest, Hungary. [Lehotay, S. J.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Kmellar, B (reprint author), Corvinus Univ Budapest, Fac Food Sci, Dept Appl Chem, 1118 Villanyi St 29-43, Budapest, Hungary. EM bela.kmellar@uni-corvinus.hu OI Abranko, Laszlo/0000-0002-0160-7280 NR 22 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1944-0049 J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM A JI Food Addit. Contam. Part A-Chem. PY 2010 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1415 EP 1430 AR PII 923379778 DI 10.1080/19440049.2010.490791 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 641XJ UT WOS:000281165600007 PM 20582778 ER PT J AU Voss, KA Snook, ME AF Voss, K. A. Snook, M. E. TI Stability of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) during the production of flour-based foods and wheat flake cereal SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE GC; GC; MS; mycotoxins; trichothecenes; bakery products; bread; cereals; snack products ID CONTAMINATED WHEAT; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BAKING; VOMITOXIN; FATE; DEGRADATION; ZEARALENONE; SPAGHETTI; EXTRUSION; COOKING AB Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin found in cereal grains and cereal-based foods. DON concentrations in finished products are reduced under some processing conditions, but not others. DON concentrations in flour, wheat and selected foods made from them under commercially relevant conditions were compared by GC with electron capture detection. Average concentrations (n = 9/item) in cookies, crackers and pretzels ranged from 61% (cookies) to 111% (pretzels) compared with flour (100% = 0.46 mu g g-1). Lesser amounts were found in donuts and bread: their respective DON concentrations were 44% and 30% that of flour. Mass balance estimates for DON (mu g g-1 flour equivalents) ranged from 50% (bread = 0.23 mu g g-1 flour equivalents) to 120% (donuts), indicating that dilution by recipe ingredients contributed to DON reductions in bread and accounted for all of the apparent reduction in donuts. Mass balance estimates averaged 76% (crackers) to 107% (pretzels) for the other flour products. DON concentrations were higher in cereal flakes (0.55 mu g g-1 in the finished product and 0.58 mu g g-1 on a mass balance basis) than in wheat (0.40 mu g g-1), suggesting that DON concentrations might increase during processing of wheat cereals under some conditions. In summary, DON concentrations of finished food products were reduced epsilon 50% only in bread and donuts. Reduction in bread resulted from a combination of DON 'loss' and dilution by recipe ingredients whereas the reduction in donuts was due entirely to dilution. These results are further evidence of DON stability during the preparation of popular flour or wheat-based products. C1 [Voss, K. A.; Snook, M. E.] ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Voss, KA (reprint author), ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, USDA, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM Ken.Voss@ars.usda.gov FU Grocery Manufacturers Association under US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service [58-6612-5-256] FX The authors thank N. Stewart, T. Mitchell and, especially, E. Wray for their technical assistance with DON analyses. The contributions of J. Barach and N. Rachman, Grocery Manufacturers Association; B. Strouts, AIB, Inc.; S. Saunders and W. Li, Frito-Lay, Inc.; T. Trautman, General Mills, Inc.; J. Bair, North American Millers Association; and their associates for consultations and technical support with milling and manufacturing the food items are gratefully acknowledged. The project was supported by the Grocery Manufacturers Association (formerly National Food Processors Research Foundation) under US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service Cooperative Research Agreement Number 58-6612-5-256. Mention of a trademark, proprietary name or vendor does not imply its approval by the USDA to the exclusion of others that may be equally suitable. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1944-0049 J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM A JI Food Addit. Contam. Part A-Chem. PY 2010 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1694 EP 1700 AR PII 930068812 DI 10.1080/19440049.2010.514688 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 685ML UT WOS:000284632700007 PM 20936557 ER PT J AU Scarbrough, FE AF Scarbrough, F. Edward TI Codex - What's All the Fuss? SO FOOD AND DRUG LAW JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Scarbrough, F. Edward] USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOOD DRUG LAW INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1000 VERMONT AVE NW, SUITE 1200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4903 USA SN 1064-590X J9 FOOD DRUG LAW J JI Food Drug Law J. PY 2010 VL 65 IS 4 BP 631 EP 638 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Food Science & Technology; Government & Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 701MH UT WOS:000285821500001 PM 24479245 ER PT B AU Liu, LS Jin, T Liu, CK Hicks, K Mohanty, AK Bhardwaj, R Misra, M AF Liu, LinShu Jin, Tony Liu, Cheng-Kung Hicks, Kevin Mohanty, Amar K. Bhardwaj, Rahul Misra, Manjusri BE Hollingworth, CS TI A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON ANTIMICROBIAL EDIBLE FILMS FROM PECTIN AND OTHER FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS BY EXTRUSION METHOD SO FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS: CHARACTERISTICS, PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURES SE Food Science and Technology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Pectin; antimicrobial; fiber; films; extrusion ID PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES; DRUG-DELIVERY; STARCH; COMPOSITES; BLENDS AB Antimicrobial Edible films were prepared from natural fiber of pectin and other food hydrocolloids for food packaging or wrapping by extrusion followed by compression or blown film method. Microscopic analysis revealed a well mixed integrated structure of extruded pellets and an even distribution of the synthetic hydrocolloid in the biopolymers. The resultant composite films possess the mechanical properties that are comparable to films cast from most natural hydrocolloids that consumed as foods or components in processed foods. The inclusion of poly(ethylene oxide) alters the textures of the resultant composite films and therefore, demonstrating a new technique for the modification of film properties. The composite films were produced in mild processing conditions, thus, the films are able to protect the bioactivity of the incorporated nisin, as shown by the inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes bacterial growth by a liquid incubation method. C1 [Liu, LinShu; Jin, Tony; Liu, Cheng-Kung; Hicks, Kevin] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Mohanty, Amar K.; Bhardwaj, Rahul] Michigan State Univ, Sch Packaging, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Misra, Manjusri] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Composite Mat & Struct, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Liu, LS (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM linshu.liu@ars.usda.gov; tony.jin@ars.usda.gov; chengkung.liu@ars.usda.gov; kevin.hicks@ars.usda.gov OI Jin, Tony/0000-0003-0504-5817 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-222-4 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL PY 2010 BP 273 EP 289 PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BSF80 UT WOS:000284345000011 ER PT J AU Hachana, Y Kraiem, K Paape, MJ AF Hachana, Yasser Kraiem, Khemais Paape, Max J. TI Effect of Plasmin, Milk Somatic Cells and Psychrotrophic Bacteria on Casein Fractions of Ultra High Temperature Treated Milk SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE plasmin; somatic cell proteinase; bacterial proteinase; proteolysis; RP-HPLC; UHT milk ID PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY; STORAGE STABILITY; UHT MILK; BOVINE-MILK; PROTEIN; COUNT; DENATURATION; LEUKOCYTES; MASTITIS; GELATION AB The present study examined the enzymes responsible for proteolysis of casein in milk. Reversed-phase HPLC was used to differentiate the peptide products, of each proteinase, soluble in 12% trichloroacetic acid and in pH 4.6 milk filtrates. Peptides produced by bacterial proteinase were less hydrophobic and eluted early in the RP-HPLC chromatogram, while peptides produced by plasmin and somatic cell proteinase were more hydrophobic and eluted later. beta-caseins were preferential substrates for plasmin, whereas alpha s- and kappa-caseins were hydrolysed to a lesser extent. Proteases from bacterial origin predominantly affected kappa-casein, while beta-casein and alpha s-casein were less susceptible. Somatic cell proteinase degraded mainly P-casein, followed by alpha s-casein and kappa-casein. When milk was contaminated by bacterial proteinases, chromatograms of the TCA 12% filtrate showed early peaks, while the pH 4.6 filtrate showed early and late peaks when proteolysis was caused by either plasmin, somatic cell proteinase or bacterial proteinase. C1 [Hachana, Yasser; Kraiem, Khemais] Super Inst Agr, Dept Anim Sci, Chott Meriem 4042, Sousse, Tunisia. [Paape, Max J.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hachana, Y (reprint author), Super Inst Agr, Dept Anim Sci, Chott Meriem 4042, Sousse, Tunisia. EM hachana@yahoo.fr NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 16 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1344-6606 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL RES JI Food Sci. Technol. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 558EI UT WOS:000274723200011 ER PT J AU Kogut, MH He, HQ Genovese, KJ Jiang, YWW AF Kogut, Michael H. He, Haiqi Genovese, Kenneth J. Jiang, Yiwei W. TI Feeding the BT Cationic Peptides to Chickens at Hatch Reduces Cecal Colonization by Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis and Primes Innate Immune Cell Functional Activity SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID HOST-DEFENSE PEPTIDES; CPG OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; IN-VITRO; INFECTIONS; ACTIVATION; HETEROPHIL; ANIMALS AB The BT/TAMUS 2032 (BT) cationic peptides are a group of related cationic peptides produced by a Gram-positive soil bacterium, Brevibacillus texasporus. Cationic amphiphilic peptides produced by host cells have been found to stimulate or prime the innate immune responses in mammals, but little information is available on the effects of bacterial-produced peptides on host immunity. We have previously shown that BT, provided as a feed additive for 4 days after hatch, significantly induced protection against extraintestinal colonization by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. We also found that feeding BT significantly upregulated the functional efficiency of heterophils, the avian equivalent to mammalian neutrophils. The objective of the present study was to further evaluate the effect of BT as a nonantibiotic, antibacterial compound and a stimulator of the innate immune response of young chickens. BT, provided as a feed additive at three different concentrations (12, 24, or 48 ppm) for 4 days after hatch, significantly increased protection against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis cecal colonization in a concentration-dependent manner. We also confirmed our previous results that the functional activities of heterophils from chickens fed the BT rations were significantly upregulated. In addition, we also found that the functional activities of peripheral blood monocytes were significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner when compared with monocytes isolated from chickens fed a control diet. This is the first report of bacterial cationic peptides providing protection against Salmonella cecal colonization. The significance of these data is that the orally delivered cationic peptides stimulate the innate response during the first week after hatch, normally a time of immunologic inefficiency and increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. We speculate that BT given as a feed additive during the first week after hatch could provide increased protection against a variety of bacterial pathogens because of the nonspecific nature of the innate response. C1 [Kogut, Michael H.; He, Haiqi; Genovese, Kenneth J.] Agr Res Serv, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Jiang, Yiwei W.] Univ N Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cell Biol & Genet, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM mike.kogut@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 7 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1089/fpd.2009.0346 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 540AI UT WOS:000273302100004 PM 19735207 ER PT J AU Alig, R Latta, G Adams, D McCarl, B AF Alig, Ralph Latta, Greg Adams, Darius McCarl, Bruce TI Mitigating greenhouse gases: The importance of land base interactions between forests, agriculture, and residential development in the face of changes in bioenergy and carbon prices SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Forest Sector Models and Their Applications of Policy Matters CY NOV, 2008 CL Seattle, WA DE Avoided deforestation; Carbon payments; Intersectoral land transfers; Policy simulations ID SEQUESTRATION; LEAKAGE AB The forest sector can contribute to atmospheric greenhouse gas reduction, while also providing other environmental, economic, and social benefits. Policy tools for climate change mitigation include carbon-related payment programs as well as laws and programs to impede the loss of agricultural and forest lands to development. Policy makers will base their expectations of the effectiveness of these strategies to some degree on anticipated land use impacts. We examine a number of scenarios about carbon prices. urban development rates, and potential future land transfers between forestry and agriculture to provide information about the potential effectiveness of policies to address climate change in the U.S. Because large areas of land can move between forestry and agricultural uses, we used the Forest and Agriculture Sector Optimization Model-Greenhouse Gases model to examine responses between sectors as part of GHG policy analysis. The model projects changes in land uses, has full carbon accounting for both forestry and agriculture, and can examine a broad range of adaptation and climate change mitigation options. Modeling results suggest that receipt of carbon-related payments by landowners in forestry and agriculture can have substantial impacts on future land use patterns, levels of terrestrial carbon sequestration, forest resource conditions, agricultural production trends, and bioenergy production. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Alig, Ralph; Latta, Greg; Adams, Darius; McCarl, Bruce] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Alig, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ralig@fs.fed.us RI McCarl, Bruce/E-9445-2011 NR 19 TC 33 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 EI 1872-7050 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 12 IS 1 SI SI BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2009.09.012 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 534IK UT WOS:000272889600010 ER PT J AU Lebow, S Lebow, P Halverson, S AF Lebow, Stan Lebow, Patricia Halverson, Steven TI Penetration of Boron from Topically Applied Borate Solutions SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID WESTERN HEMLOCK LUMBER; DOUGLAS-FIR; DIFFUSION; WOOD AB Borate penetration relies on diffusion when borate and glycol-borate preservatives are applied to the surface of wood. This study evaluated the extent of borate penetration in framing lumber as a function of preservative formulation, wood moisture content, and diffusion time after treatment. In Phase I of the study, end-matched specimens were conditioned to target average moisture contents of 15, 25, or 35 percent, briefly immersed in borate formulations, and then placed into wooden frames to minimize air exchange during diffusion. Penetration in these specimens was generally less than 5 mm (or 35% of the cross section) regardless of treatment solution, target moisture content at time of treatment, or diffusion period (2, 4, or 8 wk). Assay of boron concentrations after 8 weeks of diffusion also indicated that the boron was concentrated in the outer 5 mm of the wood. Diffusion appeared to have been limited by the relatively rapid drying of the specimens, even with the restricted air movement within the wooden frames. In Phase II of the study, specimens were conditioned to a target average moisture content of 20 percent prior to dip immersion and then placed in a room that maintained an equilibrium moisture content of 19 to 21 percent. Penetration in these specimens was assessed after 6, 13, and 26 weeks of diffusion. After 6 weeks of diffusion, average boron penetration exceeded 5 mm, and after 26 weeks of diffusion, penetration exceeded 11 mm, or over 70 percent of the cross section. Little difference in diffusion was observed between the types of borate formulations evaluated in either phase of this study. The results of this study indicate that rapid drying conditions may limit penetration of boron from spray applications; however, in situations where high humidity is maintained in a structure, substantial diffusion is possible. C1 [Lebow, Stan; Lebow, Patricia; Halverson, Steven] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Lebow, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM slebow@fs.fed.us; plebow@fs.fed.us; shalverson@fs.fed.us FU Sostram Corporation (Durham, North Carolina) FX The authors acknowledge Sostram Corporation (Durham, North Carolina) for contributing funding and providing consultation. We also thank Paulie Bocanegra for her assistance in sample preparation and Dan Foster for his assistance in boron analysis. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2010 VL 60 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 612XI UT WOS:000278938700002 ER PT J AU Bergman, RD Simpson, WT Turk, C AF Bergman, Richard D. Simpson, William T. Turk, Christopher TI Evaluating Warp of 2 by 4s Sawn from Panels Produced through Green Gluing Dimension Lumber from Small Ponderosa Pine Logs SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID ADHESIVES; STUDS; WOOD AB Overstocked small-diameter softwood timber in western US forests has created a serious forest health and fire hazard, and the costs of removing this material are high. One way to lower costs is to reduce loss because of warp on lumber sawn from these small logs. Using a green-gluing process, standard 38 by 89-mm (nominal 2 by 4-in.) pieces (2 by 4s) ripped from pressed panels of edge-glued (edge-glued-and-rip [EGAR]) boards sawn from small ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) logs were evaluated for warp reduction. Material was bonded at high moisture content (MC) to simulate lumber freshly sawn from water-saturated logs and examine potential MC effects on wood wood bonding. We selected a liquid, one-component, fast-curing, cold-setting polyurethane for green gluing wood. Results showed statistically significant reduction in bow (P < 0.001) and twist (P < 0.001) and no statistical difference in crook (P = 0.321) for EGAR boards compared with conventional 2 by 4s before planing. After planing and equilibrating, EGAR boards showed statistically significant increases in crook (P < 0.001) and bow (P < 0.001) but maintained a statistically significant reduction in twist (P < 0.001). Lumber quality decreased after planing and equilibrating to 12 percent MC. Because of high MC in flitches during the green-gluing process, bondline failures sometimes occurred, distorting the final results. High amount of bondline failure after planing and equalizing indicates this process is unfeasible as tested. Greater MC control during green gluing may reduce warp to allow more effective utilization of these small logs. C1 [Bergman, Richard D.; Simpson, William T.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Turk, Christopher] Gulfstream Aerosp, Appleton, WI USA. RP Bergman, RD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM rbergman@fs.fed.us; bsimpso@charter.net; techturk@gmail.com NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2010 VL 60 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 612XI UT WOS:000278938700008 ER PT J AU Buehlmann, U Zuo, XQ Thomas, RE AF Buehlmann, Urs Zuo, Xiaoqiu Thomas, R. Edward TI Second-Order Polynomial Model to Solve the Least-Cost Lumber Grade Mix Problem SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID CUTTING-STOCK PROBLEM; LINEAR-PROGRAMMING APPROACH; TRIM-LOSS PROBLEMS; ROUGH MILL; DIMENSION PARTS; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM; DEFECT; MINLP; OPERATIONS AB Material costs when cutting solid wood parts from hardwood lumber for secondary wood products manufacturing account for 20 to 50 percent of final product cost. These costs can be minimized by proper selection of the lumber quality used. The lumber quality selection problem is referred to as the least-cost lumber grade mix problem in the industry. The objective of this study was to create a least-cost optimization model using a design that incorporates a statistical approach to address shortcomings of existing models using linear optimization methods. The results of this study showed that optimal solutions tend to use as much low-quality lumber as possible to minimize costs. Comparison of results from this new least-cost grade mix model with other existing least-cost lumber grade mix models has shown that the new model results in lower-cost solutions. C1 [Buehlmann, Urs] Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zuo, Xiaoqiu] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Thomas, R. Edward] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Forest Sci Lab, Princeton, WV USA. RP Buehlmann, U (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM buehlmann@gmail.com; xzuo@unity.ncsu.edu; ethomas@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service's Northern Research Station Forest Sciences Laboratory in Princeton, West Virginia, Virginia Tech; Virginia Cooperative Extension, Blacksburg FX The authors thank Drs. J. Wiedenbeck and J. Brown, USDA Forest Service, for their valuable review and input. The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This research was supported by the USDA Forest Service's Northern Research Station Forest Sciences Laboratory in Princeton, West Virginia, Virginia Tech, and Virginia Cooperative Extension, Blacksburg. NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 6 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2010 VL 60 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 612XI UT WOS:000278938700010 ER PT J AU Wiedenbeck, J Parsons, J AF Wiedenbeck, Jan Parsons, Jeff TI Digital Technology Use by Companies in the Furniture, Cabinet, Architectural Millwork, and Related Industries SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Review AB Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), in which computer-aided design (CAD) and computer numerically controlled (CNC) machining are integrated for the production of parts, became a viable option for the woodworking industry in the 1980s. To determine if using computer-based technologies in wood products design and manufacturing can streamline the many phases of production, a survey was conducted in 2006. Sixty-three percent of survey respondents indicated they use CAD. Even in the very small woodworking companies, CAD use was not uncommon, with 46 percent of them using CAD technology. Web sites and Web-based sales were being used by 41 percent of the survey respondents. Forty-one percent also used CNC machining. A much higher percentage of the large companies used CNC, considering that of all companies with 50 or more employees, 93 percent used CNC machining. CAM was the only other computer technology utilized by more than 20 percent of the respondents. C1 [Wiedenbeck, Jan] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Princeton, WV USA. [Parsons, Jeff] Beeken Parsons Inc, Shelburne, VT USA. RP Wiedenbeck, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Princeton, WV USA. EM jwiedenbeck@fs.fed.us; jparsons@beekenparsons.com FU Wood Education and Resource Center [06-DG-234] FX The authors acknowledge and thank Mr. Bruce Beeken for his help and support with this project; Mr. Rich Christiansen and Wood & Wood Products for assistance in reaching our target population in conducting the survey; and the Wood Education and Resource Center for partial funding of this work (Grant No. 06-DG-234). NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2010 VL 60 IS 1 BP 78 EP 85 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 612XI UT WOS:000278938700011 ER PT J AU Keegan, CE Morgan, TA Blatner, KA Daniels, JM AF Keegan, Charles E., III Morgan, Todd A. Blatner, Keith A. Daniels, Jean M. TI Trends in Lumber Processing in the Western United States. Part I: Board Foot Scribner Volume per Cubic Foot of Timber SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This article describes trends in board foot Scribner volume per cubic foot of timber for logs processed by sawmills in the western United States. Board foot to cubic foot (BF/CF) ratios for the period from 2000 through 2006 ranged from 3.70 in Montana to 5.71 in the Four Corners Region (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah). Sawmills in the Four Corners Region, Alaska, and California had the highest ratios, with each state's BF/CF ratio greater than 5.0. Among the states using the Eastside Scribner scale, the Four Corners Region had the highest BF/CF ratio (5.71), followed by California (5.03). Among states using primarily the Westside Scribner scale, Alaska had the highest ratio (5.29). All states or regions, with the exception of Alaska, have shown declines in BF/CF ratios over the last three decades. Montana has had the largest estimated decline (29%), followed by Oregon (23%). The increase in Alaska was the smallest change among states (<2%). Two major factors in the western United States appear to have largely influenced BF/CF ratios: changes in log diameter processed by western sawmills and the use of Westside versus Eastside variants of the Scribner Log Rule. C1 [Blatner, Keith A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Daniels, Jean M.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. [Keegan, Charles E., III; Morgan, Todd A.] Univ Montana, Bur Business & Econ Res, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM Charles.Keegan@business.umt.edu; Todd.Morgan@business.umt.edu; blatner@wsu.edu; jdaniels@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station [PNW-07-JV-11261975-343] FX This report was partially funded by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Joint Venture Agreement PNW-07-JV-11261975-343. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2010 VL 60 IS 2 BP 133 EP 139 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 643XS UT WOS:000281334600004 ER PT J AU Keegan, CE Morgan, TA Blatner, KA Daniels, JM AF Keegan, Charles E., III Morgan, Todd A. Blatner, Keith A. Daniels, Jean M. TI Trends in Lumber Processing in the Western United States. Part II: Overrun and Lumber Recovery Factors SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SCRIBNER; VOLUME AB This article describes trends in three measures of lumber recovery for sawmills in the western United States: lumber overrun (LO), lumber recovery factor (LRF), and cubic lumber recovery (CLR). All states and regions showed increased LO during the last three decades. Oregon and Montana had the highest LO at 107 and 100 percent, respectively. Alaska had the lowest LO at 31 percent, followed by the Four Corners Region (i.e., Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah). Because sawmills in the western United States use the Scribner Log Rule (SLR) as the unit of log input, higher LO is not a clear indication that mills are using improved sawing technology and techniques. At best, LO is an imprecise measure of production efficiency. Better measures of lumber output per unit input include LRF and CLR. These measures are substantially better than LO because they are based on the cubic volume of solid wood fiber in a log, thus eliminating a number of the problems associated with the SLR. Oregon, followed by Washington, had the highest LRF (8.67 and 8.43 board feet lumber tally per cubic foot of logs, respectively) and the highest CLR (52% and 50%, respectively). Alaska had the lowest LRF and CLR. Changes in LRF and CLR suggest that sawmills in the western United States have used improved sawing technology and techniques to increase the volume of lumber recovered even as log sizes have decreased. C1 [Keegan, Charles E., III; Morgan, Todd A.] Univ Montana, Bur Business & Econ Res, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Blatner, Keith A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Daniels, Jean M.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. EM Charles.Keegan@business.umt.edu; Todd.Morgan@business.umt.edu; blatner@wsu.edu; jdaniels@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station [PNW-07-JV-11261975-343] FX This report was partially funded by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Joint Venture Agreement PNW-07-JV-11261975-343. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2010 VL 60 IS 2 BP 140 EP 143 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 643XS UT WOS:000281334600005 ER PT J AU Piao, C Groom, L AF Piao, Cheng Groom, Leslie TI Residual Strength and Stiffness of Lumber from Decommissioned Chromated Copper Arsenate-Treated Southern Pine Utility Poles SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BONDING PERFORMANCE; DOUGLAS-FIR; CCA; QUALITY; SERVICE AB The reusability of decommissioned treated wood is primarily dependent on the residual strength of the wood after service. Determining the residual strength can provide useful information for structural design and reuse of the decommissioned treated wood. This study evaluated the residual strength of decommissioned chromated copper arsenate treated utility pole wood. Eleven decommissioned southern pine (Pinus spp.) distribution poles and pole sections were evaluated, using small clear samples, for bending strength and stiffness across and along each pole. Results showed that the strength of the decommissioned treated wood varied across and along each pole and among the poles. Average modulus of rupture (MOR) was 80.9 percent of the typical MOR of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) virgin wood, and average modulus of elasticity (MOE) was 83.9 percent of the typical MOE. Average MOR of the samples in the outer surface (first test zone) was 7.5 percent lower than the average MOR of the adjacent samples toward the pith (second test zone) on each side of the pole surfaces, but average MOE showed no significant difference between the two zones. Older poles lost more strength in the first test zone. Results demonstrated that spiral grain substantially reduced the strength of utility pole wood. C1 [Piao, Cheng] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Calhoun, LA USA. [Groom, Leslie] USDA Forest Serv, Pineville, LA USA. RP Piao, C (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Calhoun, LA USA. EM cpiao@agcenter.lsu.edu; lgroom@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2010 VL 60 IS 2 BP 166 EP 172 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 643XS UT WOS:000281334600009 ER PT J AU Lebow, S Foster, D AF Lebow, Stan Foster, Daniel TI Soil and Sediment Concentrations of Chromium, Copper, and Arsenic Adjacent to a Chromated Copper Arsenate-Treated Wetland Boardwalk SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WOOD; CONTAMINATION; METALS; DECKS AB Environmental accumulation of preservative adjacent to a chromated copper arsenate (type C) treated wetland boardwalk was evaluated. The site is considered a realistic "worst case" because of the large volume of treated wood, low current speeds, high annual rainfall, and environmental sensitivity. Soil and sediment samples were collected before construction and 0.5, 2, 5.5, 11, 24, 60, and 131 months (11 y) after construction and analyzed for total chromium, copper, and arsenic concentrations. This article updates the findings after 11 years of exposure. Environmental concentrations varied with time, with proximity to the treated wood, and between riparian and aquatic locations. Concentrations of leached components in the soil developed slowly, were greatest at the 60-month sampling, and declined at the 131-month inspection. Soil samples with elevated levels of copper and chromium were confined to directly under the drip line of the boardwalk, and arsenic appeared to be limited to within 0.3 m (1 ft) of the structure. Concentrations of leached components in the sediments increased more quickly than those in the soil and tended to reach maximum or near maximum levels within the first year. However, concentrations of arsenic and copper in sediments directly under the walkway reached maximum levels after 60 months, before declining at the 131-month sampling. Elevated concentrations of copper, chromium, and arsenic were occasionally found in sediments as much as 3 m (10 ft) from the boardwalk. C1 [Lebow, Stan; Foster, Daniel] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Lebow, S (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. EM slebow@fs.fed.us; dofoster@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2010 VL 60 IS 2 BP 183 EP 189 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 643XS UT WOS:000281334600011 ER PT J AU Picklo, MJ Uthus, E AF Picklo, Matthew J. Uthus, Eric TI Methionine Sulfoxide Disposition is Altered in Animal Models of Obesity SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-Medicine /15th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Research-International CY NOV 17-21, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Free Radi Biol Med, Soc Free Radi Res Int C1 [Picklo, Matthew J.; Uthus, Eric] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2010 VL 49 SU 1 BP S40 EP S40 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.10.082 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 681VD UT WOS:000284348000102 ER PT J AU Zhu, Q Zhou, SL Schmidt, JP Wu, SH AF Zhu, Qing Zhou, Shenglu Schmidt, John P. Wu, Shaohua TI INFLUENCE OF PLOW PAN ON ENRICHMENT AND DEPLETION OF HEAVY METALS IN SURFACE SOILS SO FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Heavy metal; Hydropedology; Plow pan; Soil morphology ID CONTAMINATED SOIL; ORGANIC-MATTER; COMPOST; CHINA; FLOW; PB; SPECIATION; MOBILITY; RATIO; WATER AB Hydropedology is a new discipline that uses pedological information to understand soil water movement, and thus the storage, transformation, and transportation of heavy metals (HMs). However, limited studies have investigated how the hydropedological feature, for example, water-restrictive soil horizons, would affect the enrichment of HMs in soils. This study investigated the influence of soil properties on the enrichment and depletion of HMs using the data of 27 soil profiles opened in five study areas in Jiangsu, China. The enrichment or depletion of HMs in the Ap1 horizon was estimated using the concentration differences of HMs between surface Ap1 and subsurface B1 (or B) horizons. The great Ap1 sand content (SC) significantly (p<0.1) elevated the depletion of Pb in the Ap1 horizon (r(2)=0.13), while the great Ap1 and Ap2 clay content (CC) significantly (p<0.1) increased the enrichment of Cd and Hg (r(2)>= 0.11) and the great Ap1 and Ap2 organic matter content (OMC) significantly (p<0.05) increased the enrichment of Cd, Cr, and As (r(2)>= 0.15). The Ap2 horizon (water-restrictive plow pan) thickness significantly (p<0.05) elevated the enrichment of all HMs in the Ap1 horizon. In study areas with thick Ap2 horizon (e.g., Taicang), less depletion of HMs in the Ap1 horizon was observed, while in study areas with thin Ap2 horizon (e.g., Baguazhou), depletion of HMs was expected. C1 [Zhu, Qing; Zhou, Shenglu; Wu, Shaohua] Nanjing Univ, Sch Geog & Oceanog Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Qing; Schmidt, John P.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Zhou, SL (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Geog & Oceanog Sci, 22 Hankou Rd, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM zhousl@nju.edu.cn RI Wu, Shaohua/B-8259-2009 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [90411015]; National Basic Research Program of China [2002CB410810] FX This study was supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90411015), and the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2002CB410810). NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P) PI FREISING PA ANGERSTR. 12, 85354 FREISING, GERMANY SN 1018-4619 J9 FRESEN ENVIRON BULL JI Fresenius Environ. Bull. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 10 BP 2176 EP 2184 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 682II UT WOS:000284394200007 ER PT J AU Poff, NL Richter, BD Arthington, AH Bunn, SE Naiman, RJ Kendy, E Acreman, M Apse, C Bledsoe, BP Freeman, MC Henriksen, J Jacobson, RB Kennen, JG Merritt, DM O'Keeffe, JH Olden, JD Rogers, K Tharme, RE Warner, A AF Poff, N. Leroy Richter, Brian D. Arthington, Angela H. Bunn, Stuart E. Naiman, Robert J. Kendy, Eloise Acreman, Mike Apse, Colin Bledsoe, Brian P. Freeman, Mary C. Henriksen, James Jacobson, Robert B. Kennen, Jonathan G. Merritt, David M. O'Keeffe, Jay H. Olden, Julian D. Rogers, Kevin Tharme, Rebecca E. Warner, Andrew TI The ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA): a new framework for developing regional environmental flow standards SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE environmental flows; hydroecology; hydrologic modelling; river management; streamflow classification ID MACROINVERTEBRATE SPECIES TRAITS; ESTIMATION EXPERIMENT MOPEX; FISH ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATER; RIVER ECOSYSTEMS; STREAMFLOW CHARACTERISTICS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; URBANIZING STREAMS; BASIC PRINCIPLES AB 1. The flow regime is a primary determinant of the structure and function of aquatic and riparian ecosystems for streams and rivers. Hydrologic alteration has impaired riverine ecosystems on a global scale, and the pace and intensity of human development greatly exceeds the ability of scientists to assess the effects on a river-by-river basis. Current scientific understanding of hydrologic controls on riverine ecosystems and experience gained from individual river studies support development of environmental flow standards at the regional scale. 2. This paper presents a consensus view from a group of international scientists on a new framework for assessing environmental flow needs for many streams and rivers simultaneously to foster development and implementation of environmental flow standards at the regional scale. This framework, the ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA), is a synthesis of a number of existing hydrologic techniques and environmental flow methods that are currently being used to various degrees and that can support comprehensive regional flow management. The flexible approach allows scientists, water-resource managers and stakeholders to analyse and synthesise available scientific information into ecologically based and socially acceptable goals and standards for management of environmental flows. 3. The ELOHA framework includes the synthesis of existing hydrologic and ecological databases from many rivers within a user-defined region to develop scientifically defensible and empirically testable relationships between flow alteration and ecological responses. These relationships serve as the basis for the societally driven process of developing regional flow standards. This is to be achieved by first using hydrologic modelling to build a 'hydrologic foundation' of baseline and current hydrographs for stream and river segments throughout the region. Second, using a set of ecologically relevant flow variables, river segments within the region are classified into a few distinctive flow regime types that are expected to have different ecological characteristics. These river types can be further subclassified according to important geomorphic features that define hydraulic habitat features. Third, the deviation of current-condition flows from baseline-condition flow is determined. Fourth, flow alteration-ecological response relationships are developed for each river type, based on a combination of existing hydroecological literature, expert knowledge and field studies across gradients of hydrologic alteration. 4. Scientific uncertainty will exist in the flow alteration-ecological response relationships, in part because of the confounding of hydrologic alteration with other important environmental determinants of river ecosystem condition ( e. g. temperature). Application of the ELOHA framework should therefore occur in a consensus context where stakeholders and decision-makers explicitly evaluate acceptable risk as a balance between the perceived value of the ecological goals, the economic costs involved and the scientific uncertainties in functional relationships between ecological responses and flow alteration. 5. The ELOHA framework also should proceed in an adaptive management context, where collection of monitoring data or targeted field sampling data allows for testing of the proposed flow alteration-ecological response relationships. This empirical validation process allows for a fine-tuning of environmental flow management targets. The ELOHA framework can be used both to guide basic research in hydroecology and to further implementation of more comprehensive environmental flow management of freshwater sustainability on a global scale. C1 [Poff, N. Leroy] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Poff, N. Leroy] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Richter, Brian D.] Nature Conservancy, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Arthington, Angela H.; Bunn, Stuart E.] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Arthington, Angela H.; Bunn, Stuart E.] Griffith Univ, eWater Cooperat Res Ctr, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Naiman, Robert J.; Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kendy, Eloise] Nature Conservancy, Helena, MT USA. [Acreman, Mike] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford, Oxon, England. [Apse, Colin] Nature Conservancy, Brunswick, ME USA. [Bledsoe, Brian P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Freeman, Mary C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. [Henriksen, James] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Jacobson, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Kennen, Jonathan G.] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ USA. [Merritt, David M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [O'Keeffe, Jay H.] UNESCO IHE Inst Water Educ, Dept Environm Resources, Delft, Netherlands. [Rogers, Kevin] Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Tharme, Rebecca E.] Int Water Management Inst, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Warner, Andrew] Nature Conservancy, University Pk, PA USA. RP Poff, NL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM poff@lamar.colostate.edu RI Bunn, Stuart/B-9065-2008; Olden, Julian/A-8535-2010; Hurford, Anthony/E-1338-2011; Poff, Nathan/C-1239-2009; Acreman, Michael/I-6212-2012; Naiman, Robert /K-3113-2012; OI Bunn, Stuart/0000-0002-6540-3586; Arthington, Angela/0000-0001-5967-7954; Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187 NR 126 TC 458 Z9 477 U1 22 U2 339 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 BP 147 EP 170 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02204.x PG 24 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 533PK UT WOS:000272836500009 ER PT J AU Merritt, DM Scott, ML Poff, NL Auble, GT Lytle, DA AF Merritt, David M. Scott, Michael L. Poff, N. LeRoy Auble, Gregor T. Lytle, David A. TI Theory, methods and tools for determining environmental flows for riparian vegetation: riparian vegetation-flow response guilds SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE environmental flows; hydrologic alteration; plant water relations; riparian vegetation; vegetation models ID RIVER-MARGIN VEGETATION; EASTERN SIERRA-NEVADA; UPPER MISSOURI RIVER; SAN-PEDRO RIVER; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; BOREAL RIVERS; STREAM-FLOW; GREEN RIVER; UNREGULATED STREAMS; HYDROLOGIC REGIMES AB 1. Riparian vegetation composition, structure and abundance are governed to a large degree by river flow regime and flow-mediated fluvial processes. Streamflow regime exerts selective pressures on riparian vegetation, resulting in adaptations ( trait syndromes) to specific flow attributes. Widespread modification of flow regimes by humans has resulted in extensive alteration of riparian vegetation communities. Some of the negative effects of altered flow regimes on vegetation may be reversed by restoring components of the natural flow regime. 2. Models have been developed that quantitatively relate components of the flow regime to attributes of riparian vegetation at the individual, population and community levels. Predictive models range from simple statistical relationships, to more complex stochastic matrix population models and dynamic simulation models. Of the dozens of predictive models reviewed here, most treat one or a few species, have many simplifying assumptions such as stable channel form, and do not specify the time-scale of response. In many cases, these models are very effective in developing alternative streamflow management plans for specific river reaches or segments but are not directly transferable to other rivers or other regions. 3. A primary goal in riparian ecology is to develop general frameworks for prediction of vegetation response to changing environmental conditions. The development of riparian vegetation-flow response guilds offers a framework for transferring information from rivers where flow standards have been developed to maintain desirable vegetation attributes, to rivers with little or no existing information. 4. We propose to organise riparian plants into non-phylogenetic groupings of species with shared traits that are related to components of hydrologic regime: life history, reproductive strategy, morphology, adaptations to fluvial disturbance and adaptations to water availability. Plants from any river or region may be grouped into these guilds and related to hydrologic attributes of a specific class of river using probabilistic response curves. 5. Probabilistic models based on riparian response guilds enable prediction of the likelihood of change in each of the response guilds given projected changes in flow, and facilitate examination of trade-offs and risks associated with various flow management strategies. Riparian response guilds can be decomposed to the species level for individual projects or used to develop flow management guidelines for regional water management plans. C1 [Merritt, David M.] US Forest Serv, Natl Watershed Fish & Wildlife Program, Nat Resource Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Merritt, David M.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Scott, Michael L.; Auble, Gregor T.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Poff, N. LeRoy] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Poff, N. LeRoy] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lytle, David A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Merritt, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Natl Watershed Fish & Wildlife Program, Nat Resource Res Ctr, USDA, 2150A Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dmmerritt@fs.fed.us RI Poff, Nathan/C-1239-2009 NR 123 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 13 U2 120 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 BP 206 EP 225 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02206.x PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 533PK UT WOS:000272836500012 ER PT J AU Mercier, J Lego, SF Smilanick, JL AF Mercier, Julien Lego, Sarah F. Smilanick, Joseph L. TI In-package use of Muscodor albus volatile-generating sachets and modified atmosphere liners for decay control in organic table grapes under commercial conditions SO FRUITS LA English DT Article DE USA; Vitis vinifera; dessert grapes; postharvest technology; Muscodor albus; controlled atmosphere storage; integrated control ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; POSTHARVEST STORAGE; COLD-STORAGE; GRAY MOLD; FUNGUS; BIOFUMIGANT; QUALITY; ROT; TEMPERATURE; STRAWBERRY AB Introduction. In-package biofumigation with the volatile-producing fungus Muscodor albus was tested to control fungal decay in organic table grapes stored at a commercial packinghouse. Materials and methods. Sachets containing two different amounts of activated M. albus culture were inserted into shipping boxes containing approximately 4.5 kg of 'Thompson Seedless' or 'Red Seedless' table grapes. The volatiles were contained inside the boxes either by wrapping pallets of the boxes externally with plastic film after pre-cooling (pallet wrapping) or by using a modified atmosphere liner inside each box. Decay incidence was evaluated after 7 weeks of storage at 0 degrees C. Results. The M. albus sachets reduced decay incidence among 'Red Seedless' table grapes in both wrapped pallets and boxes with liners. In this cultivar, the modified atmosphere liner alone reduced decay incidence by about 70% and the M. albus treatment in the liner further reduced decay incidence, regardless of the amount of M. albus used. The combination of the M. albus sachet and the modified atmosphere liner proved to be the most effective decay control treatment. Decay incidence was lower among 'Thompson Seedless' table grapes and a significant decay control was only observed after the grapes had been allowed to warm up after storage with the 50-g rates applied inside the liner. No adverse effects were associated with the treatment or the liners. Discussion. Based on our results, biofumigation with M. albus sachets is compatible with the commercial handling of organic table grapes and could provide significant improvement in their shelf life. C1 [Mercier, Julien; Lego, Sarah F.] AgraQuest Inc, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Smilanick, Joseph L.] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Mercier, J (reprint author), Driscoll Strawberry Assoc, 151 Silliman Rd, Watsonville, CA 95076 USA. EM Julien.Mercier@driscolls.com NR 32 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0248-1294 J9 FRUITS JI Fruits PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 65 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1051/fruits/2009039 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 556UX UT WOS:000274619900005 ER PT J AU Otrosina, WJ Garbelotto, M AF Otrosina, William J. Garbelotto, Matteo TI Heterobasidion occidentale sp nov and Heterobasidion irregulare nom. nov.: A disposition of North American Heterobasidion biological species SO FUNGAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Host specificity; Mating barriers; Phylogenetic species; Species complex; Taxonomy ID IMBALANCED NUCLEAR-RATIOS; INTERSTERILITY GROUPS; SOMATIC INCOMPATIBILITY; ANNOSUM; HETEROKARYONS; HYBRIDIZATION; PATHOGEN; ROOT; REASSORTMENT; PARVIPORUM AB The genus Heterobasidion includes some of the most important pathogens of conifers in the world, and as such it is one of the most intensely studied genera of fungi. Because of the remarkable paucity of distinguishing morphological traits, the taxonomy of species within this genus has always been problematic. A partial resolution of the taxonomic issues regarding this genus was achieved by defining the most important and first described species within it, Heterobasidion annosum, as a species complex containing at least two partially intersterile biological species defined as intersterility groups (ISGs). With time, the number of ISGs has increased to include at least two distinct North American and three distinct Eurasian ISGs. Two additional, yet unnamed, taxonomic groups within Heterobasidion have been recently described in Japan. ISGs are distinguishable either by minor morphological differences, by partial intersterility, by ecological traits including host preference, and/or by their geographic range. Several studies employing a variety of molecular tools and analyses have confirmed the distinct genetic divergence among ISGs, identifying each of them as a monophyletic group. Using genetic markers, genotypes can always be unambiguously assigned to one ISG, and very few inter-ISG hybrids have been identified. In this paper, we summarize the available information, both genetic and ecological, that differentiates the two North American ISGs from each other and from other taxonomic units within the genus. We demonstrate that morphometric characteristics such as pore density and pore shape differentiate the two ISGs. Based on the cumulative genetic, ecological, and morphological evidence, we propose a disposition of ISGs of the North American H. annosum by replacing the P ISG with Heterobasidion irregulare, and the S ISG with Heterobasidion occidentale. (C) 2009 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Garbelotto, Matteo] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci, Policy & Management Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Otrosina, William J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Garbelotto, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci, Policy & Management Ecosyst Sci Div, 137 Mulford Hall 3114, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM matteog@berkeley.edu NR 47 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1878-6146 J9 FUNGAL BIOL-UK JI Fungal Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 114 IS 1 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2009.09.001 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 592VF UT WOS:000277408300004 PM 20965057 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, K Bhat, R Fujiyoshi, P AF Baumgartner, Kendra Bhat, Ravi Fujiyoshi, Philip TI A rapid infection assay for Armillaria and real-time PCR quantitation of the fungal biomass in planta SO FUNGAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 3309C; Elongation factor subunit 1-alpha; Freedom; UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyl transferase; Vitis vinifera ID SESQUITERPENE ARYL ESTERS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ROOT-ROT; VITIS-VINIFERA; IN-VITRO; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; ANTIFUNGAL PROTEIN; UNITED-STATES; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SOUTH-AFRICA AB Slow and unreliable infection in the greenhouse has been a barrier to research on Armillaria root disease. The existing infection assay takes 7-18 months for detectable infection, during which time the inoculum often dies, resulting in unequal challenge among plants. Because symptom expression and mortality are rare, presence or absence of infection, determined by culturing, is the only datum derived from the existing infection assay. This limits both routine comparisons of strain virulence and complex investigations of pathogenesis, neither of which have been done for Armillaria mellea. We tested a new infection assay, in which grape rootstocks growing in tissue culture medium are inoculated, and compared to rootstocks previously characterized from the existing infection assay as tolerant (Freedom) or susceptible (3309C). Culture media of 25 plants per rootstock was inoculated and five plants per rootstock were harvested 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks postinoculation; the experiment was completed twice. Confocal microscopy and quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) were used to quantify infection. Roots were treated with WGA-AlexaFluor488, hyphae and roots were scanned on green and red channels on a confocal microscope, and percent root colonization was quantified. A fungal gene (EF1 alpha) was determined to have a single copy in A. mellea, and both EF1 alpha and a single-copy grape gene (UFGT) were amplified by Q-PCR; fungal DNA: plant DNA served as a measure of fungal biomass. Armillaria was detected by culture, microscopy, and Q-PCR starting 2 weeks postinoculation from all inoculated plants, demonstrating that the new infection assay is rapid and plants do not escape infection. Our findings of higher percent root colonization (as measured by microscopy) of 3309C than Freedom at all harvests (P < 0.0001), consistently higher fungal biomass (as measured by Q-PCR) of 3309 than Freedom, and a significant positive correlation between percent root colonization and fungal biomass (P = 0.01) suggests that the quantitative methods of our new assay give similar results to the qualitative method of the existing infection assay. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. C1 [Baumgartner, Kendra; Fujiyoshi, Philip] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Baumgartner, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kbaumgartner@ucdavis.edu NR 94 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1878-6146 J9 FUNGAL BIOL-UK JI Fungal Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 114 IS 1 BP 107 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2009.11.003 PG 13 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 592VF UT WOS:000277408300014 PM 20965067 ER PT J AU Grubman, MJ Moraes, MP Schutta, C Barrera, J Neilan, J Ettyreddy, D Butman, BT Brough, DE Brake, DA AF Grubman, Marvin J. Moraes, Mauro P. Schutta, Christopher Barrera, Jose Neilan, John Ettyreddy, Damodar Butman, Bryan T. Brough, Douglas E. Brake, David A. TI Adenovirus serotype 5-vectored foot-and-mouth disease subunit vaccines: the first decade SO FUTURE VIROLOGY LA English DT Review DE foot-and-mouth disease virus; replication-defective adenovirus; subunit vaccines ID EXPRESSING CAPSID PROTEINS; VIRUS FMDV; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; EMPTY PARTICLES; 3C PROTEASE; SWINE; CHALLENGE; ANTIGEN; TYPE-5; CATTLE AB The results of the first decade of the development of a replication-defective human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) containing the capsid- and 3C protease-coding regions of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus as a vaccine candidate are presented. In proof-of-concept studies, it was demonstrated that a single inoculation with this vaccine vector containing the capsid of FMD virus A24 Cruzeiro protected both swine and cattle following homologous challenge by direct inoculation I week postvaccination. We have expanded these studies in cattle with larger numbers of animals and by testing the vaccine in direct-contact challenge studies, including its ability to prevent FMD virus shedding and transmission. Furthermore, we have developed manufacturing protocols to allow the scalable production of these FMD molecular vaccine products for US Department of Agriculture licensure approval and availability for inclusion in the US National Veterinary Stockpile. We have also constructed and initiated cattle efficacy testing of Ad5 vectors containing the capsid-coding regions from other FMD virus serotypes and subtypes, as well as initiated studies to improve FMD molecular vaccine potency. C1 [Grubman, Marvin J.; Moraes, Mauro P.] ARS, USDA, NAA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Schutta, Christopher; Neilan, John] Dept Homeland Secur, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Sci & Technol Directorate, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Barrera, Jose] McConnell Grp Inc, Dublin, PA 18917 USA. [Ettyreddy, Damodar; Butman, Bryan T.; Brough, Douglas E.] GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Brake, David A.] BioQuest Associates LLC, E Lyme, CT 06333 USA. RP Grubman, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NAA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM marvin.grubman@ars.usda.gov; mauro.moraes@ars.usda.gov; christopher.schutta@dhs.gov; jose.barrera@associates.dhs.gov; john.neilan@dhs.gov; dreddy@genvec.com; bbutman@genvec.com; dbrough@genvec.com; david.brake@associates.dhs.gov FU Current Research Information System (CRIS) [1940-32000-32053-00D]; ARS; US Department of Agriculture (Marvin J Grubman); DHS Science and Technology FX This research was supported in part by Current Research Information System (CRIS) project number 1940-32000-32053-00D, ARS, US Department of Agriculture (Marvin J Grubman) and by funding from DHS Science and Technology. David A Brake is the founder of Bio Quest Associates LLC. Damodar Ettyreddy, Bryan T Butman and Douglas E Brough are employees of GenVec, Inc., which is working on commercialization of the adenovirus serotype 5-foot-and-mouth disease vector. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. NR 28 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1746-0794 J9 FUTURE VIROL JI Future Virol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 5 IS 1 BP 51 EP 64 DI 10.2217/FVL.09.68 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 543TQ UT WOS:000273601900011 ER PT B AU Martin, H Burgess, EPJ Masarik, M Kramer, KJ Beklova, M Adam, V Kizek, R AF Martin, Harry Burgess, Elisabeth P. J. Masarik, Michal Kramer, Karl J. Beklova, Miroslava Adam, Vojtech Kizek, Rene BE Lichtfouse, E TI Avidin and Plant Biotechnology to Control Pests SO GENETIC ENGINEERING, BIOFERTILISATION, SOIL QUALITY AND ORGANIC FARMING SE Sustainable Agriculture Reviews LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Transgenic plants; avidin-biotin technology; agriculture; electrochemical method ID BIOTIN-BINDING PROTEINS; SQUARE-WAVE VOLTAMMETRY; POTATO BEETLE COLEOPTERA; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; CONFERS RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; INSECT PESTS; TUBER MOTH; ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS AB The urgency of the global food crisis, coupled with the environmental impact of global warming and fuel shortages, indicate that transgenic methods may be required to enhance food production and quality. Widely used chemical insecticides, such as phosphine and methyl bromide, are losing their utility either due to insect resistance or to the environmental damage they cause. It is most unlikely that traditional plant-breeding methods for generating insect resistance will deliver the crop improvements required in the available time frame. In this review, we discuss the application of transgenic avidin, a protein naturally occurring in egg-white, for the protection of rice, maize, potato and apple leaf from insect pests. Avidin binds the vitamin biotin with extraordinary affinity (10(-15) M). Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin required for normal cellular metabolism and growth. The presence of avidin in the diet of insect pests is lethal since biotin is unavailable to them. The use of streptavidin, a bacterial homologue of avidin, is also described. We discuss the sub-cellular targeting of avidin expression in plants to avoid toxicity to the plant host and we describe the qualities of avidin which make it suitable for crop protection during cultivation and storage. Avidin is stable under normal conditions of crop storage but biodegradable and destroyed by cooking. These combined qualities make it an excellent choice for the protection of crops from insects. Finally, we discuss the modification of the avidin gene to allow expression in plants, the methods for transfection of the gene into plants, and the approaches used to quantify gene expression and avidin function in plant tissues. These methods include: polymerase chain reaction; enzyme-linked immmunosorbent assay; polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis; fluorescence polarisation (FP); capillary electrophoresis; tissue-printing; square-wave voltammetry (SWV) and the measurement of larvae morbidity and mortality. C1 [Adam, Vojtech; Kizek, Rene] Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry Brno, Dept Chem & Biochem, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic. [Martin, Harry; Burgess, Elisabeth P. J.] Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, Mt Albert Res Ctr, Auckland, New Zealand. [Masarik, Michal] Masaryk Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pathol Physiol, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic. [Kramer, Karl J.] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Beklova, Miroslava] Univ Vet & Pharmaceut Sci, Fac Vet Hyg & Ecol, Dept Vet Ecol & Environm Protect, CZ-61242 Brno, Czech Republic. [Adam, Vojtech] Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry Brno, Fac Agron, Dept Anim Nutr & Forage Prod, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic. RP Kizek, R (reprint author), Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry Brno, Dept Chem & Biochem, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic. EM kizek@sci.muni.cz RI Kizek, Rene/D-7748-2012; Masarik, Michal/D-9920-2012; Adam, Vojtech/D-7686-2012 OI Adam, Vojtech/0000-0002-8527-286X NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-8740-9 J9 SUSTAIN AGR REV JI Sustain. Agric. Rev. PY 2010 VL 4 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8741-6_1 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8741-6 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA BPI58 UT WOS:000278926800001 ER PT B AU Armstrong, SD Smith, DR Owens, PR Joern, B Williams, C AF Armstrong, Shalamar D. Smith, Douglas R. Owens, Phillip R. Joern, Brad Williams, Candiss BE Lichtfouse, E TI Manure Spills and Remediation Methods to Improve Water Quality SO GENETIC ENGINEERING, BIOFERTILISATION, SOIL QUALITY AND ORGANIC FARMING SE Sustainable Agriculture Reviews LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Manure spills; manure spill remediation methods; alum; ammonium; phosphorus; sediments ID AMENDED POULTRY LITTER; LIQUID SWINE MANURE; CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS; PHOSPHORUS CONSUMPTION; ANIMAL PRODUCTION; PIG PRODUCTION; SPRING LAKE; NITROGEN; ALUM; DRAINAGE AB Within the last 2 decades the transition in livestock production technology and intensity has resulted in an increase in annual livestock production and a drastic decrease in the number of livestock operations. Consequently, the susceptibility of current livestock operations to experience manure spills is far greater relative to livestock farms 20 years ago, due to increased herd size per farm. Therefore, manure spills in agricultural communities have become a pervasive issue and have led to the catastrophic contributions of nutrients and pathogens to surface and groundwaters, human health issues, and large fish kills. Furthermore, the current remediation methods for manure spills that reach surface waters focus on mitigating contaminants in the water column and give no attention to the manure-exposed ditch sediments that remain in the fluvial system and continue to impair the water column. Therefore, this chapter addresses the causes, environmental impacts, and current and alternative remediation methods for manure spills in agricultural streams. Geographic data suggest that the location of animal-feeding operations and the occurrence of manure spills were highly correlated with the location of tile-drained agriculture fields. In addition, at least 14% of reported manure spills were separately attributed to the failure in waste storage equipment and over-application of manure in the states of Iowa and Ontario, Canada. Evaluations of the downstream impacts of manure spills have reported ammonia, total phosphorus, and total N concentrations that were at least 28 times the average upstream concentrations before the spill occurred. Studies have also determined that the current manure spill remediation method results in soluble phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations significantly greater than the Environmental Protection Agency total phosphorus nutrient critical limit, 24 h after the plume of the spill has passed. However, supplemental treatment of manure exposed sediments resulted in at least a 50% decrease in the soluble phosphorus concentrations which was in compliance with the phosphorus nutrient criteria. C1 [Armstrong, Shalamar D.; Owens, Phillip R.; Joern, Brad; Williams, Candiss] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Armstrong, Shalamar D.; Smith, Douglas R.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Armstrong, SD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sarmstro@purdue.edu NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-8740-9 J9 SUSTAIN AGR REV JI Sustain. Agric. Rev. PY 2010 VL 4 BP 201 EP 215 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8741-6_7 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8741-6 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA BPI58 UT WOS:000278926800007 ER PT J AU Xu, M Brar, HK Grosic, S Palmer, RG Bhattacharyya, MK AF Xu, Min Brar, Hargeet K. Grosic, Sehiza Palmer, Reid G. Bhattacharyya, Madan K. TI Excision of an Active CACTA-Like Transposable Element From DFR2 Causes Variegated Flowers in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTATION; ANTIRRHINUM-MAJUS; ZEA-MAYS; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; UNSTABLE MUTATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MALE-STERILE; W4 LOCUS; MAIZE; COLOR AB Active endogenous transposable elements, useful tools for gene isolation, have not been reported from any legume species. An active transposable element was suggested to reside in the W4 locus that governs flower color in soybean. Through biochemical and molecular analyses of several revertants of the w4-m allele, we have shown that the W4 locus encodes dihydroflavonol-4-reductase 2 (DFR2). w4-m has arisen through insertion of Tgm9, a 20,548-bp CACTA-like transposable element, into the second intron of DFR2. Tgm9 showed high nucleic acid sequence identity to Tgmt*. Its 5' and 3' terminal inverted repeats start with conserved CACTA sequence. The 39 subterminal region is highly repetitive. Tgm9 carries TNP1- and TNP2-like transposase genes that are expressed in the mutable line, T322 (w4-m). The element excises at a high frequency from both somatic and germinal tissues. Following excision, reinsertions of Tgm9 into the DFR2 promoter generated novel stable alleles, w4-dp (dilute purple flowers) and w4-p (pale flowers). We hypothesize that the element is fractured during transposition, and truncated versions of the element in new insertion sites cause stable mutations. The highly active endogenous transposon, Tgm9, should facilitate genomics studies specifically that relate to legume biology. C1 [Palmer, Reid G.; Bhattacharyya, Madan K.] Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bhattacharyya, MK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Agron, G303 Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mbhattac@iastate.edu FU Hatch Act; State of Iowa FX The authors thank R. W. Groose, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, for providing flower pictures; R. C. Shoemaker, United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS) and Iowa State University, Ames, IA, for providing the EST clone Gm-c1086-2103; and M. P. Scott, USDA ARS and Iowa State University, for the guidance on the HPLC analysis. We also thank R. Takahashi, National Institute of Crop Science, Tsukuba, Japan and L. Vodkin, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, IL for critically reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript and Cathie Martin, John Innes Center, United Kingdom, for reviewing the manuscript. This is a joint contribution of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, Project No. 4403, and the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, and was supported by the Hatch Act and the State of Iowa. The mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by Iowa State University or the USDA, and the use of the name by Iowa State University or the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 53 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JAN PY 2010 VL 184 IS 1 BP 53 EP U110 DI 10.1534/genetics.109.107904 PG 23 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 649PH UT WOS:000281784000007 PM 19897750 ER PT B AU Groover, AT Nieminen, K Helariutta, Y Mansfield, SD AF Groover, Andrew T. Nieminen, Kaisa Helariutta, Yka Mansfield, Shawn D. BE Jansson, S Bhalerao, RP Groover, AT TI Wood Formation in Populus SO GENETICS AND GENOMICS OF POPULUS SE Plant Genetics and Genomics Crops and Models LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRACHEARY ELEMENT DIFFERENTIATION; HYBRID POPLAR CLONES; TENSION WOOD; FORMING TISSUES; TREMBLING ASPEN; SCOTS PINE; GRAVITATIONAL INDUCTION; VASCULAR CAMBIUM; AUXIN TRANSPORT; WALL SYNTHESIS AB Developmental genetic, genomic and biochemical approaches in Populus are providing new insights into the molecular and genetic mechanisms regulating wood formation. We discuss here wood properties, new approaches for the study of wood formation, and the genes and hormones responsible for regulating wood formation in Populus. C1 [Groover, Andrew T.] US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Nieminen, Kaisa; Helariutta, Yka] Univ Helsinki, Inst Biotechnol, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Helsinki 00790, Finland. [Mansfield, Shawn D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Wood Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Groover, AT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM agroover@fs.fed.us; kaisa.nieminen@helsinki.fi; yrjo.helariutta@helsinki.fi; shawn.mansfield@ubc.ca; agroover@fs.fed.us RI Nieminen, Kaisa/N-9051-2015 NR 81 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-1540-5 J9 PLANT GENET GENOMICS JI Plant Genet. Genom. Crops. Mod. PY 2010 VL 8 BP 201 EP 224 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1541-2_10 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-1541-2 PG 24 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BOC23 UT WOS:000276162100010 ER PT J AU Garcia, SAL Van der Lee, TAJ Ferreira, CF Hekkert, BTL Zapater, MF Goodwin, SB Guzman, M Kema, GHJ Souza, MT AF Garcia, S. A. L. Van der Lee, T. A. J. Ferreira, C. F. Hekkert, B. Te Lintel Zapater, M. -F. Goodwin, S. B. Guzman, M. Kema, G. H. J. Souza, M. T., Jr. TI Variable number of tandem repeat markers in the genome sequence of Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the causal agent of black leaf streak disease of banana (Musa spp) SO GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Molecular markers; VNTRs; Genetic diversity; Population genetics; Black Sigatoka ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; SIGATOKA AB We searched the genome of Mycosphaerella fijiensis for molecular markers that would allow population genetics analysis of this plant pathogen. M. fijiensis, the causal agent of banana leaf streak disease, also known as black Sigatoka, is the most devastating pathogen attacking bananas (Musa spp). Recently, the entire genome sequence of M. fijiensis became available. We screened this database for VNTR markers. Forty-two primer pairs were selected for validation, based on repeat type and length and the number of repeat units. Five VNTR markers showing multiple alleles were validated with a reference set of isolates from different parts of the world and a population from a banana plantation in Costa Rica. Polymorphism information content values varied from 0.6414 to 0.7544 for the reference set and from 0.0400 and 0.7373 for the population set. Eighty percent of the polymorphism information content values were above 0.60, indicating that the markers are highly informative. These markers allowed robust scoring of agarose gels and proved to be useful for variability and population genetics studies. In conclusion, the strategy we developed to identify and validate VNTR markers is an efficient means to incorporate markers that can be used for fungicide resistance management and to develop breeding strategies to control banana black leaf streak disease. This is the first report of VNTR-minisatellites from the M. fijiensis genome sequence. C1 [Garcia, S. A. L.; Van der Lee, T. A. J.; Ferreira, C. F.; Hekkert, B. Te Lintel; Kema, G. H. J.; Souza, M. T., Jr.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Plant Res Int BV, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Ferreira, C. F.] Embrapa Mandioca & Fruticultura, Cruz Das Almas, BA, Brazil. [Zapater, M. -F.] CIRAD INRA AGRO M, Montpellier, France. [Goodwin, S. B.] ARS, USDA, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Guzman, M.] CORBANA, La Rita, Limon, Costa Rica. [Souza, M. T., Jr.] Embrapa Agroenergia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Souza, MT (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Plant Res Int BV, Wageningen, Netherlands. EM manoel.souza@embrapa.br OI Goodwin, Stephen/0000-0001-5708-9729 FU CAPES FX The authors thank the US Department of Energy - Joint Genome Institute for sequencing the Mycosphaerella fijiensis genome. Ineke de Vries, Odette Mendes and Els Verstappen at Plant Research International B. V., as well as Donny Vargas and Sergio Duran at CORBANA, for their technical support. Dr. Lute Harm Zwiers, KNAW Fungal Diversity Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands, kindly provided several M. fijiensis reference strains. C. F. Ferreira was supported by a CAPES (http://www.capes.gov.br/) fellowship. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU FUNPEC-EDITORA PI RIBEIRAO PRETO PA RUA HUDSON 655, JARDIM CANADA, RIBEIRAO PRETO, SP, BRAZIL SN 1676-5680 J9 GENET MOL RES JI Genet. Mol. Res. PY 2010 VL 9 IS 4 BP 2207 EP 2212 DI 10.4238/vol9-4gmr934 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 681NX UT WOS:000284324400023 PM 21064028 ER PT J AU Seiler, G Jan, CC AF Seiler, Gerald Jan, Chao-Chien BE Hu, J Seiler, G Kole, C TI Basic Information SO GENETICS, GENOMICS AND BREEDING OF SUNFLOWER SE Genetics Genomics and Breeding of Crop Plants LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Genetic resources; genebanks; botanical description; domestication; wild species utilization; interspecific hybridization; Helianthus ID SUNFLOWER HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS; CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT; CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; GENETIC STOCKS; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS; WILD HELIANTHUS; DOMESTICATED SUNFLOWER; UNITED-STATES AB Sunflower is one of a few crops that has its origin in North America. The crop is grown worldwide and performs well in most temperate climates of the world, with significant production occurring in each of the six crop producing continents. It is the second largest hybrid crop and the fifth largest edible oilseed crop grown on 22.9 million hectares in 60 countries with a value of over US$40 billion. Sunflower production continues to face challenges from both abiotic and biotic factors as production is shifting from areas of high productivity to marginal areas with lower yield potential. The challenge for the sunflower community is to breed sunflowers adaptable to these marginal environments while still increasing seed yield. The wild ancestors of the crop have served as a source of many genes for pest resistance, especially for diseases. Molecular biology has added to the scope of plant breeding in sunflower, providing an option to manipulate plant expressions. Researchers will have to strive to combine the best conventional and molecular genetic and genomic approaches to improve sunflower germplasm to keep sunflower as an economically viable global crop. This will require a multidisciplinary team approach and a commitment to a long-term integrated genetic improvement program. C1 [Seiler, Gerald; Jan, Chao-Chien] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Seiler, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Gerald.Seiler@ars.usda.gov; chaochien.jan@ars.usda.gov; Gerald.Seiler@ars.usda.gov NR 238 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-4049-8 J9 GENET GENOM BREED CR JI Genet. Genome Breed. Crop Plants PY 2010 BP 1 EP 50 DI 10.1201/b10192-2 D2 10.1201/b10192 PG 50 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BTA88 UT WOS:000286314000003 ER PT B AU Hu, JG Seiler, G Kole, C AF Hu, Jinguo Seiler, Gerald Kole, Chittaranjan BE Hu, J Seiler, G Kole, C TI GENETICS, GENOMICS AND BREEDING OF SUNFLOWER Preface to the Volume SO GENETICS, GENOMICS AND BREEDING OF SUNFLOWER SE Genetics Genomics and Breeding of Crop Plants LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Hu, Jinguo] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA USA. [Seiler, Gerald] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND USA. [Kole, Chittaranjan] Clemson Univ, Dept Biochem & Genet, Clemson, SC USA. RP Hu, JG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-4049-8 J9 GENET GENOM BREED CR JI Genet. Genome Breed. Crop Plants PY 2010 BP XIII EP XIII D2 10.1201/b10192 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BTA88 UT WOS:000286314000002 ER PT J AU Hu, JG AF Hu, Jinguo BE Hu, J Seiler, G Kole, C TI Genetic Linkage Maps: Strategies, Resources and Achievements SO GENETICS, GENOMICS AND BREEDING OF SUNFLOWER SE Genetics Genomics and Breeding of Crop Plants LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Genome mapping; isozyme maker; protein marker; DNA marker; linkage groups ID SUNFLOWER HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS; RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MILDEW PLASMOPARA-HALSTEDII; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; OROBANCHE-CUMANA WALLR.; CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; SSR-MARKERS AB Sunflower genome mapping has come a long way. This chapter starts with a brief history of mapping efforts of using morphological and biochemical markers, and then describes all DNA-based marker techniques used in sunflower genome mapping. It also reviews the mapping populations developed and the mapping software packages available and summarizes the sunflower genome mapping achievement of approximately 20 published linkage maps. The chapter ends with listing the challenges to the sunflower research community in three areas: 1. handling the enormous amount of data of high-throughput sequence-based markers in sunflower genome mapping in the near future; 2. correlating DNA sequence alterations with the quantitative variation of economically important traits; and 3. applying the mapping achievement to sunflower improvement, the ultimate goal of genome mapping. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hu, JG (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, 59 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jinguo.hu@ars.usda.gov NR 123 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-4049-8 J9 GENET GENOM BREED CR JI Genet. Genome Breed. Crop Plants PY 2010 BP 79 EP 109 DI 10.1201/b10192-4 D2 10.1201/b10192 PG 31 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BTA88 UT WOS:000286314000005 ER PT J AU Vick, BA Hu, JG AF Vick, Brady A. Hu, Jinguo BE Hu, J Seiler, G Kole, C TI Future Prospects SO GENETICS, GENOMICS AND BREEDING OF SUNFLOWER SE Genetics Genomics and Breeding of Crop Plants LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE sunflower; yield; production; expansion; genomics; uses ID TRANSGENE CONTAINMENT; MALE-STERILITY; SUNFLOWER; ACCUMULATION; OIL AB Cultivated sunflower has undergone significant improvement in yield and other agronomic traits during the past half century. However, non-GMO sunflower faces major challenges from insect and herbicide resistant GMO crops such as maize and soybean for a place in the producer's crop rotation plan. In several sunflower producing countries, sunflower production has shifted in recent years to marginal production regions in response to competition from soybean and maize. Despite displacement to less fertile growing areas, yields have steadily increased as a result of improved hybrids. Yet the potential for increased sunflower cultivation world-wide remains optimistic. Many countries have identified prospective new regions for profitable sunflower production. New advances in sunflower genomics are expected to have enormous impact on the genetic improvement of the sunflower crop. Likewise, expanded uses of sunflower, such as biofuels, biolubricants, or for plant production of pharmaceuticals, are expected to encourage increased sunflower production. C1 [Vick, Brady A.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Hu, Jinguo] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Vick, BA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM brady.vick@ars.usda.gov; jinguo.hu@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-4049-8 J9 GENET GENOM BREED CR JI Genet. Genome Breed. Crop Plants PY 2010 BP 313 EP 326 DI 10.1201/b10192-11 D2 10.1201/b10192 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BTA88 UT WOS:000286314000012 ER PT J AU Garvin, DF McKenzie, N Vogel, JP Mockler, TC Blankenheim, ZJ Wright, J Cheema, JJS Dicks, J Huo, NX Hayden, DM Gu, Y Tobias, C Chang, JH Chu, A Trick, M Michael, TP Bevan, MW Snape, JW AF Garvin, David F. McKenzie, Neil Vogel, John P. Mockler, Todd C. Blankenheim, Zachary J. Wright, Jonathan Cheema, Jitender J. S. Dicks, Jo Huo, Naxin Hayden, Daniel M. Gu, Yong Tobias, Christian Chang, Jeff H. Chu, Ashley Trick, Martin Michael, Todd P. Bevan, Michael W. Snape, John W. TI An SSR-based genetic linkage map of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Brachypodium; genetic analysis; molecular marker; SSR; linkage map; purple false brome ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; MARKERS; BARLEY; SYSTEM; WHEAT; DNA; SEQUENCES; PROSPECTS; GENOMICS; POACEAE AB The grass species Brachypodium distachyon (hereafter, Brachypodium) has been adopted as a model system for grasses. Here, we describe the development of a genetic linkage map of Brachypodium. The genetic linkage map was developed with an F(2) population from a cross between the diploid Brachypodium lines Bd3-1 and Bd21. The map was populated with polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from Brachypodium expressed sequence tag (EST) and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) end sequences and conserved orthologous sequence (COS) markers from other grass species. The map is 1386 cM in length and consists of 139 marker loci distributed across 20 linkage groups. Five of the linkage groups exceed 100 cM in length, with the largest being 231 cM long. Assessment of colinearity between the Brachypodium linkage map and the rice genome sequence revealed significant regions of macrosynteny between the two genomes, as well as rearrangements similar to those reported in other grass comparative structural genomics studies. The Brachypodium genetic linkage map described here will serve as a new tool to pursue a range of molecular genetic analyses and other applications in this new model plant system. C1 [Garvin, David F.; Blankenheim, Zachary J.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wright, Jonathan; Cheema, Jitender J. S.; Dicks, Jo; Trick, Martin] John Innes Ctr, Dept Computat & Syst Biol, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. [Vogel, John P.; Hayden, Daniel M.; Gu, Yong; Tobias, Christian] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Mockler, Todd C.; Chang, Jeff H.; Chu, Ashley] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mockler, Todd C.; Chang, Jeff H.; Chu, Ashley] Oregon State Univ, Ctr Genome Res & Biocomp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wright, Jonathan; Bevan, Michael W.] John Innes Ctr, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. [Huo, Naxin] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Michael, Todd P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Garvin, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM david.garvin@ars.usda.gov RI Tobias, Christian/B-6602-2009; Mockler, Todd/L-2609-2013; OI Tobias, Christian/0000-0002-7881-750X; Mockler, Todd/0000-0002-0462-5775; Michael, Todd/0000-0001-6272-2875; Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689 FU USDA-ARS; John Innes Centre Core Strategic; BBSRC [BB/E004725] FX This research was supported in part by USDA-ARS funds to D.F.G. and J.P.V., and the John Innes Centre Core Strategic Grant and BBSRC grant BB/E004725 to M.W.B. The authors thank Dr. Roger Thilmony and Dr. Sam Yang for critical review of the manuscript. NR 38 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 19 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD JAN PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1139/G09-079 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 553GA UT WOS:000274353100001 PM 20130744 ER PT J AU Gerardo, NM Altincicek, B Anselme, C Atamian, H Barribeau, SM De Vos, M Duncan, EJ Evans, JD Gabaldon, T Ghanim, M Heddi, A Kaloshian, I Latorre, A Moya, A Nakabachi, A Parker, BJ Perez-Brocal, V Pignatelli, M Rahbe, Y Ramsey, JS Spragg, CJ Tamames, J Tamarit, D Tamborindeguy, C Vincent-Monegat, C Vilcinskas, A AF Gerardo, Nicole M. Altincicek, Boran Anselme, Caroline Atamian, Hagop Barribeau, Seth M. De Vos, Martin Duncan, Elizabeth J. Evans, Jay D. Gabaldon, Toni Ghanim, Murad Heddi, Adelaziz Kaloshian, Isgouhi Latorre, Amparo Moya, Andres Nakabachi, Atsushi Parker, Benjamin J. Perez-Brocal, Vincente Pignatelli, Miguel Rahbe, Yvan Ramsey, John S. Spragg, Chelsea J. Tamames, Javier Tamarit, Daniel Tamborindeguy, Cecilia Vincent-Monegat, Caroline Vilcinskas, Andreas TI Immunity and other defenses in pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PEPTIDOGLYCAN RECOGNITION PROTEINS; FLY DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; HUMORAL STRESS-RESPONSE; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; ALARM PHEROMONE; INNATE IMMUNITY; HOST-DEFENSE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES AB Background: Recent genomic analyses of arthropod defense mechanisms suggest conservation of key elements underlying responses to pathogens, parasites and stresses. At the center of pathogen-induced immune responses are signaling pathways triggered by the recognition of fungal, bacterial and viral signatures. These pathways result in the production of response molecules, such as antimicrobial peptides and lysozymes, which degrade or destroy invaders. Using the recently sequenced genome of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), we conducted the first extensive annotation of the immune and stress gene repertoire of a hemipterous insect, which is phylogenetically distantly related to previously characterized insects models. Results: Strikingly, pea aphids appear to be missing genes present in insect genomes characterized to date and thought critical for recognition, signaling and killing of microbes. In line with results of gene annotation, experimental analyses designed to characterize immune response through the isolation of RNA transcripts and proteins from immune-challenged pea aphids uncovered few immune-related products. Gene expression studies, however, indicated some expression of immune and stress-related genes. Conclusions: The absence of genes suspected to be essential for the insect immune response suggests that the traditional view of insect immunity may not be as broadly applicable as once thought. The limitations of the aphid immune system may be representative of a broad range of insects, or may be aphid specific. We suggest that several aspects of the aphid life style, such as their association with microbial symbionts, could facilitate survival without strong immune protection. C1 [Gerardo, Nicole M.; Barribeau, Seth M.; Parker, Benjamin J.; Spragg, Chelsea J.] Emory Univ, Dept Biol, O Wayne Rollins Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Altincicek, Boran; Vilcinskas, Andreas] Univ Giessen, Inst Phytopathol & Appl Zool, Interdisciplinary Res Ctr, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Anselme, Caroline; Heddi, Adelaziz; Perez-Brocal, Vincente; Rahbe, Yvan; Vincent-Monegat, Caroline] Univ Lyon, INRA, BioEnvironm & Sante IFR41, INSA Lyon,BF2I UMR203, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. [Anselme, Caroline] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR Interact Biot & Sante Vegetale, INRA 1301, CNRS 6243, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. [Atamian, Hagop; Kaloshian, Isgouhi] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Grad Program Genet Genom & Bioinformat, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [De Vos, Martin; Ramsey, John S.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Duncan, Elizabeth J.] Univ Otago, Dept Biochem, Lab Evolut & Dev, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. [Evans, Jay D.] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gabaldon, Toni] CRG, Bioinformat & Genom Programme, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Ghanim, Murad] Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Latorre, Amparo; Moya, Andres; Perez-Brocal, Vincente; Pignatelli, Miguel; Tamames, Javier; Tamarit, Daniel] Univ Valencia, Inst Cavanilles Biodiversidad & Biol Evolut, Valencia 46071, Spain. [Latorre, Amparo; Moya, Andres; Perez-Brocal, Vincente; Pignatelli, Miguel; Tamames, Javier; Tamarit, Daniel] Conselleria Sanidad Gen Valenciana, CIBEResp, Valencia 46020, Spain. [Latorre, Amparo; Moya, Andres; Perez-Brocal, Vincente; Pignatelli, Miguel; Tamames, Javier; Tamarit, Daniel] Conselleria Sanidad Gen Valenciana, CSISP, Valencia 46020, Spain. [Nakabachi, Atsushi] RIKEN, Adv Sci Inst, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Tamborindeguy, Cecilia] Cornell Univ, Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol Dept, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tamborindeguy, Cecilia] Texas A&M, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Gerardo, NM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Biol, O Wayne Rollins Res Ctr, 1510 E Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM nicole.gerardo@emory.edu RI Gabaldon, Toni/A-7336-2008; Altincicek, Boran/C-1191-2009; Vincent-Monegat, Carole/G-7287-2011; Nakabachi, Atsushi/H-1661-2011; Rahbe, Yvan/B-9389-2009; Tamborindeguy, Cecilia/A-6110-2012; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; Moya, Andres/A-8190-2008; Perez Brocal, Vicente/K-3627-2014; Latorre, Amparo/E-4997-2015 OI Duncan, Elizabeth/0000-0002-1841-504X; Gabaldon, Toni/0000-0003-0019-1735; Altincicek, Boran/0000-0003-2019-452X; Rahbe, Yvan/0000-0002-0074-4443; Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Moya, Andres/0000-0002-2867-1119; Perez Brocal, Vicente/0000-0002-1927-9676; Latorre, Amparo/0000-0002-9146-7284 FU USDA [2005-35604-15446] FX We thank Angela Douglas, Nancy Moran, Tom Little and members of the International Aphid Genomics Consortium for insightful discussion, and Charles Godfray and two anonymous reviewers for comments that enhanced this manuscript. Cultures of Z. occidentalis were provided by the USDA ARS Collection of Entomopathogenic Fungal Cultures. Samples of ALPV and virus-infection protocols were provided kindly by Bryony Bonning and Liljana Georgievska. Comparison with M. persicae was supported by USDA grant 2005-35604-15446 to Georg Jander. NR 138 TC 148 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 61 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2010 VL 11 IS 2 AR R21 DI 10.1186/gb-2010-11-2-r21 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 580FX UT WOS:000276434300011 PM 20178569 ER PT J AU Harhay, GP Smith, TPL Alexander, LJ Haudenschild, CD Keele, JW Matukumalli, LK Schroeder, SG Van Tassell, CP Gresham, CR Bridges, SM Burgess, SC Sonstegard, TS AF Harhay, Gregory P. Smith, Timothy P. L. Alexander, Leeson J. Haudenschild, Christian D. Keele, John W. Matukumalli, Lakshmi K. Schroeder, Steven G. Van Tassell, Curtis P. Gresham, Cathy R. Bridges, Susan M. Burgess, Shane C. Sonstegard, Tad S. TI An atlas of bovine gene expression reveals novel distinctive tissue characteristics and evidence for improving genome annotation SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELLULAR PRION PROTEIN; MAMMARY-GLAND; RNA-SEQ; SYSTEM; TRANSCRIPTOMES; DATABASE; BRENDA; CELLS AB Background: A comprehensive transcriptome survey, or gene atlas, provides information essential for a complete understanding of the genomic biology of an organism. We present an atlas of RNA abundance for 92 adult, juvenile and fetal cattle tissues and three cattle cell lines. Results: The Bovine Gene Atlas was generated from 7.2 million unique digital gene expression tag sequences (300.2 million total raw tag sequences), from which 1.59 million unique tag sequences were identified that mapped to the draft bovine genome accounting for 85% of the total raw tag abundance. Filtering these tags yielded 87,764 unique tag sequences that unambiguously mapped to 16,517 annotated protein-coding loci in the draft genome accounting for 45% of the total raw tag abundance. Clustering of tissues based on tag abundance profiles generally confirmed ontology classification based on anatomy. There were 5,429 constitutively expressed loci and 3,445 constitutively expressed unique tag sequences mapping outside annotated gene boundaries that represent a resource for enhancing current gene models. Physical measures such as inferred transcript length or antisense tag abundance identified tissues with atypical transcriptional tag profiles. We report for the first time the tissue-specific variation in the proportion of mitochondrial transcriptional tag abundance. Conclusions: The Bovine Gene Atlas is the deepest and broadest transcriptome survey of any livestock genome to date. Commonalities and variation in sense and antisense transcript tag profiles identified in different tissues facilitate the examination of the relationship between gene expression, tissue, and gene function. C1 [Harhay, Gregory P.; Smith, Timothy P. L.; Keele, John W.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68901 USA. [Alexander, Leeson J.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Haudenschild, Christian D.] Illumina Inc, Hayward, CA 94545 USA. [Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.] George Mason Univ, Dept Bioinformat & Computat Biol, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.; Schroeder, Steven G.; Van Tassell, Curtis P.; Sonstegard, Tad S.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gresham, Cathy R.; Bridges, Susan M.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Burgess, Shane C.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Basic Sci, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Harhay, GP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, State Spur 18 D, Clay Ctr, NE 68901 USA. EM gregory.harhay@ars.usda.gov RI Keele, John/A-5846-2009; OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087; Schroeder, Steven/0000-0001-9103-5150 FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension [2006-35616-16648]; USDA Agricultural Research Service [1265-31000-098 D, 5438-31000-073 D] FX This project was supported by NRI-Animal genome reagent and tool development no. 2006-35616-16648 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension and by projects 1265-31000-098 D (BFGL) and 5438-31000-073 D (USMARC) from the USDA Agricultural Research Service. We thank Andy Roberts, Richard Waterman (USDA, LARRL), Steve Moore (University of Alberta), Mike Brownstein (Venter Institute), Steve Smith (TAMU), and Anthony Capuco (USDA, BFGL) for collecting and contributing tissue samples. We also thank Alicia Bertles (USDA, BFGL) for RNA standardization and Keith Moon (Illumina, Inc., formerly Solexa) for cDNA synthesis and next generation sequence analysis of these DGE library samples. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-7596 J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2010 VL 11 IS 10 AR R102 DI 10.1186/gb-2010-11-10-r102 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 721TS UT WOS:000287378900004 PM 20961407 ER PT J AU Levesque, CA Brouwer, H Cano, L Hamilton, JP Holt, C Huitema, E Raffaele, S Robideau, GP Thines, M Win, J Zerillo, MM Beakes, GW Boore, JL Busam, D Dumas, B Ferriera, S Fuerstenberg, SI Gachon, CMM Gaulin, E Govers, F Grenville-Briggs, L Horner, N Hostetler, J Jiang, RHY Johnson, J Krajaejun, T Lin, HN Meijer, HJG Moore, B Morris, P Phuntmart, V Puiu, D Shetty, J Stajich, JE Tripathy, S Wawra, S van West, P Whitty, BR Coutinho, PM Henrissat, B Martin, F Thomas, PD Tyler, BM De Vries, RP Kamoun, S Yandell, M Tisserat, N Buell, CR AF Levesque, C. Andre Brouwer, Henk Cano, Liliana Hamilton, John P. Holt, Carson Huitema, Edgar Raffaele, Sylvain Robideau, Gregg P. Thines, Marco Win, Joe Zerillo, Marcelo M. Beakes, Gordon W. Boore, Jeffrey L. Busam, Dana Dumas, Bernard Ferriera, Steve Fuerstenberg, Susan I. Gachon, Claire M. M. Gaulin, Elodie Govers, Francine Grenville-Briggs, Laura Horner, Neil Hostetler, Jessica Jiang, Rays H. Y. Johnson, Justin Krajaejun, Theerapong Lin, Haining Meijer, Harold J. G. Moore, Barry Morris, Paul Phuntmart, Vipaporn Puiu, Daniela Shetty, Jyoti Stajich, Jason E. Tripathy, Sucheta Wawra, Stephan van West, Pieter Whitty, Brett R. Coutinho, Pedro M. Henrissat, Bernard Martin, Frank Thomas, Paul D. Tyler, Brett M. De Vries, Ronald P. Kamoun, Sophien Yandell, Mark Tisserat, Ned Buell, C. Robin TI Genome sequence of the necrotrophic plant pathogen Pythium ultimum reveals original pathogenicity mechanisms and effector repertoire SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OOMYCETE PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; POTATO FAMINE PATHOGEN; PROTEIN FAMILIES; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; PLEIOTROPIC DRUG; GENE FAMILY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CADHERIN SUPERFAMILY; MICROBE INTERACTIONS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION AB Background: Pythium ultimum is a ubiquitous oomycete plant pathogen responsible for a variety of diseases on a broad range of crop and ornamental species. Results: The P. ultimum genome (42.8 Mb) encodes 15,290 genes and has extensive sequence similarity and synteny with related Phytophthora species, including the potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Whole transcriptome sequencing revealed expression of 86% of genes, with detectable differential expression of suites of genes under abiotic stress and in the presence of a host. The predicted proteome includes a large repertoire of proteins involved in plant pathogen interactions, although, surprisingly, the P. ultimum genome does not encode any classical RXLR effectors and relatively few Crinkler genes in comparison to related phytopathogenic oomycetes. A lower number of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were present compared to Phytophthora species, with the notable absence of cutinases, suggesting a significant difference in virulence mechanisms between P. ultimum and more host-specific oomycete species. Although we observed a high degree of orthology with Phytophthora genomes, there were novel features of the P. ultimum proteome, including an expansion of genes involved in proteolysis and genes unique to Pythium. We identified a small gene family of cadherins, proteins involved in cell adhesion, the first report of these in a genome outside the metazoans. Conclusions: Access to the P. ultimum genome has revealed not only core pathogenic mechanisms within the oomycetes but also lineage-specific genes associated with the alternative virulence and lifestyles found within the pythiaceous lineages compared to the Peronosporaceae. C1 [Hamilton, John P.; Lin, Haining; Whitty, Brett R.; Buell, C. Robin] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Levesque, C. Andre; Robideau, Gregg P.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Levesque, C. Andre; Robideau, Gregg P.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Brouwer, Henk; De Vries, Ronald P.] Fungal Biodivers Ctr, CBS KNAW, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands. [Cano, Liliana; Huitema, Edgar; Raffaele, Sylvain; Win, Joe; Kamoun, Sophien] Sainsbury Lab, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. [Holt, Carson; Moore, Barry; Yandell, Mark] Univ Utah, Eccles Inst Human Genet, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Thines, Marco] Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Thines, Marco] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Ecol Evolut & Divers, D-60323 Frankfurt, Germany. [Zerillo, Marcelo M.; Tisserat, Ned] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Beakes, Gordon W.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Boore, Jeffrey L.; Fuerstenberg, Susan I.] Genome Project Solut, Hercules, CA 94547 USA. [Busam, Dana; Ferriera, Steve; Hostetler, Jessica; Johnson, Justin; Puiu, Daniela; Shetty, Jyoti] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Dumas, Bernard; Gaulin, Elodie] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, UMR5546, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. [Gachon, Claire M. M.] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Govers, Francine; Meijer, Harold J. G.] Wageningen Univ, Phytopathol Lab, NL-16708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Govers, Francine] CBSG, NL-6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Grenville-Briggs, Laura; Horner, Neil; Wawra, Stephan; van West, Pieter] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Med Sci, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland. [Jiang, Rays H. Y.] Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. [Krajaejun, Theerapong] Mahidol Univ, Dept Pathol, Fac Med, Ramathibodi Hosp, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Morris, Paul; Phuntmart, Vipaporn] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Stajich, Jason E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Tripathy, Sucheta; Tyler, Brett M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Coutinho, Pedro M.; Henrissat, Bernard] Univ Aix Marseille I & II, CNRS, UMR6098, F-13288 Marseille, France. [Martin, Frank] USDA ARS, Salinias, CA 93905 USA. [Thomas, Paul D.] SRI Int, Evolutionary Syst Biol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Buell, CR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM buell@msu.edu RI Kamoun, Sophien/B-3529-2009; Stajich, Jason/C-7297-2008; Gachon, Claire /C-2787-2009; Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; Huitema, Edgar/G-3760-2011; Thines, Marco/H-1685-2011; Biodiversity & Climate Res Ctr, BiK-F/C-4266-2012; Raffaele, Sylvain/F-7187-2012; Meijer, Harold/G-5703-2012; Henrissat, Bernard/J-2475-2012; Grenville-Briggs, Laura/B-3386-2013; Govers, Francine/A-5616-2009; de Vries, Ronald/F-8125-2011; Grenville-Briggs, Laura/C-3419-2014; Win, Joe/H-2557-2014; Dumas, Bernard/D-1751-2009; Hamilton, John/G-1379-2016; zerillo, marcelo/M-4159-2016; Wawra, Stephan/D-2781-2013; OI Kamoun, Sophien/0000-0002-0290-0315; Stajich, Jason/0000-0002-7591-0020; Huitema, Edgar/0000-0002-5766-0830; Govers, Francine/0000-0001-5311-929X; de Vries, Ronald/0000-0002-4363-1123; Grenville-Briggs, Laura/0000-0001-5910-3651; Win, Joe/0000-0002-9851-2404; Dumas, Bernard/0000-0002-4138-3533; Hamilton, John/0000-0002-8682-5526; zerillo, marcelo/0000-0001-9671-2894; Wawra, Stephan/0000-0001-8555-1618; Whitty, Brett/0000-0001-5776-5424; Tripathy, Sucheta/0000-0003-0611-8088 FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2007-35600-17774, 2007-35600-18886]; NIH/NHGRI [5R01HG004694]; National Research Initiative of the USDA CSREES [2007-35600-18530]; National Science Foundation [MCB-0731969]; NSERC; European Commission [MIEF-CT-2006-022837, PERG03-GA-2008-230865]; Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality; Max-Planck Society; German Science Foundation (DFG); Landesstiftung Baden-Wurttemberg; Hesse's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts; National Institutes of Health [NCRR 1 S10 RR17214-01] FX Funding for the work was provided by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture Microbial Genome Sequencing Program to CRB and NT (2007-35600-17774 and 2007-35600-18886). The MAKER genome annotation pipeline is funded by NIH/NHGRI 5R01HG004694 to MY. Analysis of the genome was funded in part by grants to BMT from the National Research Initiative of the USDA CSREES #2007-35600-18530 and from the National Science Foundation #MCB-0731969. CAL and GPR are supported by the NSERC Discovery and Network programs. CMMG is the recipient of a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship (MIEF-CT-2006-022837) and a European Reintegration Grant (PERG03-GA-2008-230865) from the European Commission. HB is supported by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality through a FES program. MT acknowledges support by the Max-Planck Society, the German Science Foundation (DFG), the Landesstiftung Baden-Wurttemberg and the LOEWE - Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-okonomischer Exzellenz research program of Hesse's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts. An allocation of computer time from the Center for High Performance Computing at the University of Utah is gratefully acknowledged. The computational resources for annotating the genome were provided by the National Institutes of Health (grant # NCRR 1 S10 RR17214-01) on the Arches Metacluster, administered by the University of Utah Center for High Performance Computing. We want to thank the Canadian Collection of Fungal Cultures (CCFC/DAOM) for supplying and maintaining the culture for this study. We acknowledge the assistance of Nicole Desaulniers for culturing and DNA extractions as well as Jason Miller and Brian Walenz of the J Craig Venter Institute in assembly of the P. ultimum genome. We want to thank George Mahuku for sharing results on resistance of beans before publication. NR 161 TC 142 Z9 148 U1 3 U2 43 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2010 VL 11 IS 7 AR R73 DI 10.1186/gb-2010-11-7-r73 PG 22 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 674UT UT WOS:000283776300004 PM 20626842 ER PT J AU Wang, SL Peatman, E Abernathy, J Waldbieser, G Lindquist, E Richardson, P Lucas, S Wang, M Li, P Thimmapuram, J Liu, L Vullaganti, D Kucuktas, H Murdock, C Small, BC Wilson, M Liu, H Jiang, YL Lee, Y Chen, F Lu, JG Wang, WQ Xu, P Somridhivej, B Baoprasertkul, P Quilang, J Sha, ZX Bao, BL Wang, YP Wang, Q Takano, T Nandi, S Liu, SK Wong, LL Kaltenboeck, L Quiniou, S Bengten, E Miller, N Trant, J Rokhsar, D Liu, ZJ AF Wang, Shaolin Peatman, Eric Abernathy, Jason Waldbieser, Geoff Lindquist, Erika Richardson, Paul Lucas, Susan Wang, Mei Li, Ping Thimmapuram, Jyothi Liu, Lei Vullaganti, Deepika Kucuktas, Huseyin Murdock, Christopher Small, Brian C. Wilson, Melanie Liu, Hong Jiang, Yanliang Lee, Yoona Chen, Fei Lu, Jianguo Wang, Wenqi Xu, Peng Somridhivej, Benjaporn Baoprasertkul, Puttharat Quilang, Jonas Sha, Zhenxia Bao, Baolong Wang, Yaping Wang, Qun Takano, Tomokazu Nandi, Samiran Liu, Shikai Wong, Lilian Kaltenboeck, Ludmilla Quiniou, Sylvie Bengten, Eva Miller, Norman Trant, John Rokhsar, Daniel Liu, Zhanjiang CA Catfish Genome Consortium TI Assembly of 500,000 inter-specific catfish expressed sequence tags and large scale gene-associated marker development for whole genome association studies SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BAC-END SEQUENCES; CHANNEL CATFISH; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; INITIAL ANALYSIS; EST CLUSTERS; PHYSICAL MAP; LINKAGE MAP; MICROSATELLITES AB Background: Through the Community Sequencing Program, a catfish EST sequencing project was carried out through a collaboration between the catfish research community and the Department of Energy's Joint Genome Institute. Prior to this project, only a limited EST resource from catfish was available for the purpose of SNP identification. Results: A total of 438,321 quality ESTs were generated from 8 channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and 4 blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) libraries, bringing the number of catfish ESTs to nearly 500,000. Assembly of all catfish ESTs resulted in 45,306 contigs and 66,272 singletons. Over 35% of the unique sequences had significant similarities to known genes, allowing the identification of 14,776 unique genes in catfish. Over 300,000 putative SNPs have been identified, of which approximately 48,000 are high-quality SNPs identified from contigs with at least four sequences and the minor allele presence of at least two sequences in the contig. The EST resource should be valuable for identification of microsatellites, genome annotation, large-scale expression analysis, and comparative genome analysis. Conclusions: This project generated a large EST resource for catfish that captured the majority of the catfish transcriptome. The parallel analysis of ESTs from two closely related Ictalurid catfishes should also provide powerful means for the evaluation of ancient and recent gene duplications, and for the development of high-density microarrays in catfish. The inter-and intra-specific SNPs identified from all catfish EST dataset assembly will greatly benefit the catfish introgression breeding program and whole genome association studies. C1 [Wang, Shaolin; Peatman, Eric; Abernathy, Jason; Li, Ping; Kucuktas, Huseyin; Liu, Hong; Jiang, Yanliang; Lee, Yoona; Chen, Fei; Lu, Jianguo; Wang, Wenqi; Xu, Peng; Somridhivej, Benjaporn; Baoprasertkul, Puttharat; Quilang, Jonas; Sha, Zhenxia; Bao, Baolong; Wang, Yaping; Wang, Qun; Takano, Tomokazu; Nandi, Samiran; Liu, Shikai; Wong, Lilian; Kaltenboeck, Ludmilla; Liu, Zhanjiang] Auburn Univ, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Waldbieser, Geoff; Murdock, Christopher; Small, Brian C.; Quiniou, Sylvie] ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Lindquist, Erika; Richardson, Paul; Lucas, Susan; Wang, Mei; Rokhsar, Daniel] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Genom Technol Dept, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Thimmapuram, Jyothi; Liu, Lei; Vullaganti, Deepika] Univ Illinois, WM Keck Ctr Comparat & Funct Genom, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wilson, Melanie; Bengten, Eva; Miller, Norman] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Trant, John] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Rokhsar, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, ZJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM liuzhan@auburn.edu RI Liu, Shikai /D-4664-2013; Xu, Peng/J-4018-2012; Wang, Qun/I-7778-2013; Wang, Shaolin/M-2282-2013; OI Liu, Shikai /0000-0001-5777-489X; Wang, Qun/0000-0001-7929-7692; Wang, Shaolin/0000-0003-0866-4584; Abernathy, Jason/0000-0001-6084-8239 FU Joint Genome Institute of the Department of Energy; USDA NRI [2006-35616-16685] FX This project was supported by the Community Sequencing Program of the Joint Genome Institute of the Department of Energy, and partially by grants from USDA NRI Animal Genome Basic Genome Reagents and Tools Program (USDA/NRICGP award # 2006-35616-16685 and USDA/NRICGP award # 2009-35205 05101) and by USDA ARS (CRIS 6402-31000-008-00). The sequencing work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, and by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344, and Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC02-06NA25396. Thanks are given to Alabama Supercomputer Center for providing the computer capacity for the bioinformatics analysis of the ESTs. We are grateful to The Catfish Genome Consortium that supported this Community Sequencing Project, and the consortium is composed of those in the authorship as well as the following in an alphabetical order: Jerald Ainsworth, Ihan Altinok, Cova R Arias, Joel A Bader, Anita L Bilodeau, Curtis Bird, Jan Bogerd, Brian G Bosworth, Richard C Bruch, Karen Burnett, John T Caprio, Jesse Chappell, Nagaraj Chatakondi, Gregory Chinchar, Walton W Dickhoff, Richard T DiGiulio, Cunming Duan, Mary V Duke, Rex A Dunham, Steve Gabel, Troy A Giambernardi, WL Gray, Eric D Green, Larry A Hanson, Michael Hardman, Chongbo He, Jun-ichi Hikima, Alison Hutson, Liliana Jaso-Friedmann, Zhenlin Ju, Attila Karsi, Kevin Kelley, David Kingsley, Conrad Kleinholz, Philip H Klesius, Arif Kocabas, Won Kyo Lee, Mara Lennard, Wayne Litaker, Gary W Litman, Craig J Lobb, George Luker, Brad G Magor, Thomas J McConnell, William Muir, Edward Noga, Kenneth Nusbaum, Donald D Ourth, Victor Panangala, Reynaldo Patino, Brian C Peterson, Ronald Phelps, Karen P Plant, John H Postlethwait, Herbert E Quintero, Daniel Rodriguez, Holly L Saunders, Brian Scheffler, Tom Schwedler, Richard A Shelby, William Simco, Craig A Shoemaker, Letong Tang, Jeff Terhune, Ronald L Thune, Terrence R Tiersch, Gregory W Warr, Thomas Welker, Monte Westerfield, Kristie L Willett, Kenneth Williams, Richard Winn, Changgong Wu, Dehai Xu, Roger Yant, Hung-Y Yeh, Yonathan Zohar, and Jun Zou NR 44 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 AR R8 DI 10.1186/gb-2010-11-1-r8 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 580FS UT WOS:000276433600009 PM 20096101 ER PT S AU Karl, JW Laliberte, AS Rango, A AF Karl, Jason W. Laliberte, Andrea S. Rango, Albert BE Addink, EA VanCoillie, FMB TI Spatial dependence of predictions from image segmentation: a methods to determine appropriate scales for producing land-management information SO GEOBIA 2010: GEOGRAPHIC OBJECT-BASED IMAGE ANALYSIS SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL Ghent, BELGIUM SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE geostatistics; image segmentation; scale; spatial dependence; variogram ID LANDSCAPE PATTERN AB A challenge in ecological studies is defining scales of observation that correspond to relevant ecological scales for organisms or processes. Image segmentation has been proposed as an alternative to pixel-based methods for scaling remotely-sensed data into ecologically-meaningful units. However, to date, selection of image object sets has been largely subjective. Changing scale of image segmentation affects the variance and spatial dependence (amount and range of spatial autocorrelation) of measured variables, and this information can be used to determine appropriate levels of image segmentation. Our objective was to examine how scaling via image segmentation changes spatial dependence of regression-based predictions of landscape features and to determine if these changes could identify appropriate segmentation levels for a given objective. We segmented an Ikonos image for southern Idaho (USA) into successively coarser scales and evaluated goodness-of-fit and spatial dependence of regression predictions of invasive western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) density. Correlations between juniper density estimates and imagery increased with scale initially, but then decreased as scale became coarser. Scales with highest correlations generally exhibited the most spatial dependence in the regression predictions and residuals. Aggregating original juniper density estimates by image objects changed their spatial dependence, and the point at which spatial dependence began to diverge from the original observations coincided with the highest correlations. Looking at scale effects on spatial dependence of observations may be a simple method for selecting appropriate segmentation levels. The robustness of ecological analyses will increase as methods are devised that remove the subjectivity of selecting scales. C1 [Karl, Jason W.; Laliberte, Andrea S.; Rango, Albert] New Mexico State Univ, Jornada Expt Range, USDA, ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Karl, JW (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Jornada Expt Range, USDA, ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jkarl@nmsu.edu; alaliber@nmsu.edu; alrango@nmsu.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38-4-C7 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BD1WL UT WOS:000358414100040 ER PT S AU Laliberte, AS Browning, DM Rango, A AF Laliberte, A. S. Browning, D. M. Rango, A. BE Addink, EA VanCoillie, FMB TI FEATURE SELECTION METHODS FOR OBJECT-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF SUB-DECIMETER RESOLUTION DIGITAL AERIAL IMAGERY SO GEOBIA 2010: GEOGRAPHIC OBJECT-BASED IMAGE ANALYSIS SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL Ghent, BELGIUM SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE object-based image analysis (OBIA); feature selection; high resolution; aerial photography; vegetation; classification; accuracy AB The availability of numerous spectral, spatial, and contextual features renders the selection of optimal features a time consuming and subjective process in object-based image analysis (OBIA). While several feature selection methods have been used in conjunction with OBIA, a robust comparison of the utility and efficiency of approaches could facilitate broader application. In this study, we tested three feature selection methods, 1) Jeffreys-Matusita distance (JM), 2) classification tree analysis (CTA), and 3) feature space optimization (FSO) for object-based classifications of rangeland vegetation with sub-decimeter digital aerial imagery in the arid southwestern U.S. We assessed strengths, weaknesses, and best uses for each approach using the criteria of ease of use, ability to rank and/or reduce input features, and classification accuracies. For the five sites tested, JM resulted in the highest overall classification accuracies for three sites, while CTA was highest for two sites. FSO resulted in the lowest accuracies. CTA offered ease of use and ability to rank and reduce features, while JM had the advantage of assessing class separation distances. FSO allowed for determining features relatively quickly, because it operates within the eCognition software used in this analysis. However, the feature ranking in FSO is unclear and accuracies were relatively low. While all methods offered an objective approach for determining suitable features for classifications of sub-decimeter resolution aerial imagery, we concluded that CTA was best suited for this particular dataset. We explore the limitations, assumptions, and appropriate uses for this and other datasets. C1 [Laliberte, A. S.] New Mexico State Univ, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Browning, D. M.; Rango, A.] ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Laliberte, AS (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM alaliber@nmsu.edu; dbrownin@nmsu.edu; alrango@nmsu.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38-4-C7 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BD1WL UT WOS:000358414100046 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Yang, C Davis, MR AF Everitt, J. H. Yang, C. Davis, M. R. TI Mapping an annual weed with colour-infrared aerial photography and image analysis SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE colour-infrared aerial photography; supervised and unsupervised image analysis; accuracy assessment; Helianthus argophyllus AB Silverleaf sunflower (Helianthus argophyllus, Torr and Gray) is an annual weed found on rangelands in south and southeast Texas. Colour-infrared aerial photography and computer image analysis techniques were evaluated for detecting and mapping silverleaf sunflower infestations on a south Texas rangeland area. Supervised and unsupervised image analysis classification techniques were used to classify photographs from two study sites. Supervised classification of the two photographs showed that silverleaf sunflower had mean producer's and user's accuracies of 95.2% and 91.3%, respectively. Unsupervised classification of the two photographs had mean producer's and user's accuracies for silverleaf sunflower of 65.7% and 80.1%, respectively. These results indicate that the supervised technique is superior to the unsupervised technique for mapping silverleaf sunflower infestations using colour-infrared aerial photos. C1 [Everitt, J. H.; Yang, C.; Davis, M. R.] ARS, USDA, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM james.everitt@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-6049 J9 GEOCARTO INT JI Geocarto Int. PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1080/10106040802677037 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA V27RH UT WOS:000208629800004 ER PT J AU Stivaletta, N Lopez-Gacia, P Boihem, L Millie, DF Barbieri, R AF Stivaletta, Nunzia Lopez-Gacia, Purificacion Boihem, Larry Millie, David F. Barbieri, Roberto TI Biomarkers of Endolithic Communities within Gypsum Crusts (Southern Tunisia) SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE endoliths; gypsum crusts; Sahara Desert; spring mounds ID LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX; RADIATION-RESISTANCE; HYPERARID CORE; ATACAMA DESERT; GREEN-ALGAE; DRY VALLEYS; CYANOBACTERIA; WATER; CHLOROPHYLL; DIVERSITY AB Evaporite accumulations produced by artesian waters in the arid zones of southern Tunisia led to the formation of subrounded, gypsiferous mounds consisting of irregular alternations of mineral precipitates and aeolian sand. The joint occurrence of gypsum crusts and plant colonization determined the stabilization of their top surface. Careful examination of the pigmented (green-brown) crusts revealed endolithic microbial communities just below the surface. In previous optical and scanning electron microscope studies cyanobacteria were the dominant component of these communities. Molecular diversity studies based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene analysis revealed that Flavobacteria, Actinobacteria, Deinococcales, Alpha- and Gamma- Proteobacteria are also important components of the microbial assemblage. Their pigment analyses, determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), detected the presence of carotenoids and chlorophyll (chl) a and b. Microbial communities that produce pigmentation and display an endolithic lifestyle typify the extreme environments as those found in arid/semiarid and hot desert regions. C1 [Stivaletta, Nunzia; Barbieri, Roberto] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Sci Terra & Geol Ambientali, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR 8079, Unite Ecol Systemat & Evolut, F-91405 Orsay, France. ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA USA. Univ S Florida, Florida Inst Oceanog, Florida Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Stivaletta, N (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Sci Terra & Geol Ambientali, Via Zamboni 67, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. EM nunzia.stivaletta@unibo.it RI Lopez-Garcia, Purificacion/B-6775-2012 OI Lopez-Garcia, Purificacion/0000-0002-0927-0651 FU Italian MIUR Programme; French CNRS Programme FX The authors acknowledge D. Moreira for the assistance provided with the sequence analysis and the two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments, which helped to improve the quality of the manuscript. Thanks to Maud Walsh, F. A. Martin, and Jackie Prudente for the hospitality in the Louisiana State University and LSU AgCenter School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences during the preliminary HPLC analyses. The Italian MIUR Programme "Geomicrobiologia di depositi evaporitici continentali: analisi comparata di sistemi fossili e moderni e implicazioni astrobiologiche", and the French CNRS Programme Interdisciplinaire " Origines des planetes et de la vie" financially supported this study. NR 76 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 BP 101 EP 110 AR PII 918634086 DI 10.1080/01490450903410431 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 545GZ UT WOS:000273721800009 ER PT B AU Gonzalez, MA AF Gonzalez, Mark A. BE Migon, P TI Badlands of the Northern Great Plains: Hell with the Fires Out SO GEOMORPHOLOGICAL LANDSCAPES OF THE WORLD LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Badlands; clinker; geomorphology; Great Plains; landforms ID DAKOTA AB Badlands occur worldwide and are especially common in the Northern Great Plains of North America. Badlands form where the erosive power of slopewash reaches its maximum expression and is optimized by the combination of steep, local topography; weakly indurated, readily eroded bedrock; and sparsely vegetated hillslopes. Erosional landforms include finely rifled hillslopes, pipes, gullies, pedestals, and hoodoos. Landslides modify many slopes. Depositional and transportational landforms include pediments, fans, and terraces. Clinker is common; it forms when seams of lignite burn subterraneously and bake overlying rock into a naturally fired brick. Badlands of the Northern Great Plains contain paleontological records of the final days of dinosaurs and the emergence of mammals. Badlands capture the imagination with its geologic wonders, paleontological treasures, and spellbinding vistas. C1 [Gonzalez, Mark A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Bismarck, ND USA. [Gonzalez, Mark A.] Univ Denver, Dept Geog, Denver, CO USA. RP Gonzalez, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Bismarck, ND USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-3054-2 PY 2010 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3055-9_4 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-3055-9 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA BOZ02 UT WOS:000278086500004 ER PT B AU Corwin, DL Lesch, SM AF Corwin, D. L. Lesch, S. M. BE Oliver, MA TI Delineating Site-Specific Management Units with Proximal Sensors SO GEOSTATISTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Soil salinity; Apparent electrical conductivity (ECa); ECa-directed sampling; Response surface sampling design; Electromagnetic induction; Electrical resistivity ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; PRECISION AGRICULTURE; SPATIAL PREDICTION; ONLINE MEASUREMENT; MOISTURE CONTENT; WATER-CONTENT; VARIOGRAM; DESIGN; YIELD AB Conventional farming manages fields uniformly with no consideration for spatial variation. This causes reduced productivity, misuse of finite resources (e.g. water and fertilizers) and detrimental impacts on the environment. Site-specific management units (SSMUs) have been proposed as a way of resolving the spatial variation of various factors (i.e. soil, climate, management, pests, etc.) that affect variation in crop yield. Mobile proximal sensors, such as those used to measure apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa), can be used to characterize the spatial variation of soil properties that affect crop yield. This Chapter provides an overview of the work by the authors that has led to the delineation of SSMUs based on edaphic and anthropogenic properties, with particular emphasis given to the geostatistical techniques needed to direct soil sampling to characterize the spatial variation. The approach uses geospatial proximal sensor measurements to locate the positions of soil samples to characterize the variation in soil properties that affect crop yield within a field. A crop yield response model is developed and maps of SSMUs based on soil and crop yield information are produced. The methodology for delineating SSMUs can be used whenever the proximal sensor measurements correlate with yield. Maps of SSMUs provide the vital information for variable-rate technology (e.g. site-specific fertilizer and irrigation water application). C1 [Corwin, D. L.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Lesch, S. M.] Riverside Publ Util, Resource Div, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. RP Corwin, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Dennis.Corwin@ars.usda.gov; SLesch@riversideca.gov NR 72 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-9132-1 PY 2010 BP 139 EP 165 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9133-8_6 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9133-8 PG 27 WC Agricultural Engineering; Soil Science; Statistics & Probability SC Agriculture; Mathematics GA BQH24 UT WOS:000281003600006 ER PT B AU Ince, PJ AF Ince, Peter J. BE Gan, J Grado, S Munn, IA TI STATUS AND TRENDS OF US PULPWOOD MARKET SO GLOBAL CHANGE AND FORESTRY: ECONOMIC AND POLICY IMPACTS AND RESPONSES SE Climate Change and its Causes Effects and Prediction LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Pulp and paper products; Market outlook; Production and demand shifts; Trade AB Global trends in pulp, paper, and paperboard have deeply affected U.S. pulpwood markets since the late 1990s. Global trends included a shift of growth in paper and paperboard production from North America to Europe and Asia over the past decade. This trend was associated with generally slower growth in U.S. industrial production and displacement of growth in print media advertising expenditures by electronic media. Wood pulp consumption in the United States was also offset by increased paper recycling since the late 1980s. The net impact of these trends was a contraction of growth in U.S. pulpwood demand and generally declining real prices for pulpwood since the late 1990s. The current status and trends of the U.S. pulpwood market contrast sharply to decades prior to the 1990s, when growth in U.S. pulpwood demand was more robust. Future growth in U.S. pulpwood demand is likely to be relatively subdued for the near term. Total pulpwood demand for wood pulp, wood panel products, and export has potential to increase in the U.S. South but only gradually in the decades ahead, while likely to remain flat or declining in other U.S. regions. Biofuels and bioenergy represent emerging demands for wood biomass, and potential future demands for pulpwood, but sustained higher oil prices or further technical advances plus new capital investments will be needed before biofuels create strong competing demands for pulpwood. Pulpwood still has much higher value-added potential in production of wood pulp than in production of biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol. In the near future, consumption of pulpwood in the emerging cellulosic biofuel industry is likely to remain a small fraction of total U.S. pulpwood supply and demand, although long-range future wood use for biofuel could be potentially quite large, depending on future oil prices and technological developments. The current depressed status of the U.S. pulpwood market presents a near-term policy challenge in forest management, whether to provide incentives to sustain or expand pulpwood supply in current times of lean demand growth when there may be much larger foreseeable needs, but only in the long run. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Ince, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM pince@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-262-0 J9 CLIM CHANG CAUSE EFF PY 2010 BP 101 EP 117 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BQO44 UT WOS:000281447700008 ER PT B AU Luppold, WG Bumgardner, MS AF Luppold, William G. Bumgardner, Matthew S. BE Gan, J Grado, S Munn, IA TI TWO ERAS OF GLOBALIZATION AND HARDWOOD SAWTIMBER SO GLOBAL CHANGE AND FORESTRY: ECONOMIC AND POLICY IMPACTS AND RESPONSES SE Climate Change and its Causes Effects and Prediction LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Hardwoods; International markets; Lumber AB In the early 1970s, the adoption of floating exchange rates resulted in more fluid transfers between international currencies and spurred increased international demand for hardwood lumber produced in the United States. Initially, Germany was the most important European customer for U.S. products while Japan was the most important Asian customer. The consumer cultures in both countries were quality oriented, requiring high-grade hardwood lumber and veneer. However, the major consumer of hardwood lumber remained the domestic furniture industry which required long and wide midgrade boards. This combination of quality-oriented international markets and a large board-oriented domestic market resulted in new technology that obtained maximum value yield from high-quality logs. As a result, the demand for and subsequent value of high-grade hardwood sawtimber surged while prices of mid and lower grade sawtimber stagnated. Since the late 1990s, China and India have become major players in the global economy while the influence of European and Japanese markets has diminished. Furniture production in the United States has decreased as a result of Chinese imports but hardwood demand by the domestic flooring and cabinet industries has increased. In this second global era, factors such as price and service have replaced quality and board size as market drivers. Emphasis on cost has caused individual mills to re-examine production and marketing processes and to reevaluate the use of low- and mid-value sawtimber. These changes have major implications for the future value and management of hardwood timber. C1 [Luppold, William G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Luppold, WG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 241 Mercer Springs Rd, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. EM wluppold@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-262-0 J9 CLIM CHANG CAUSE EFF PY 2010 BP 171 EP 178 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BQO44 UT WOS:000281447700012 ER PT J AU Clark, KL Skowronski, N Hom, J AF Clark, Kenneth L. Skowronski, Nicholas Hom, John TI Invasive insects impact forest carbon dynamics SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; ecosystem function; eddy covariance; invasive species; net carbon exchange; New Jersey Pine Barrens; Pitch Pine ID GYPSY-MOTH; NEW-JERSEY; FLUXES; DEFOLIATION; EXCHANGE; DIOXIDE; PINE; DISTURBANCE; PINELANDS; FLORIDA AB Invasive insects can impact ecosystem functioning by altering carbon, nutrient, and hydrologic cycles. In this study, we used eddy covariance to measure net CO(2) exchange with the atmosphere (NEE), and biometric measurements to characterize net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in oak-and pine-dominated forests that were defoliated by Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Three years of data were used to compare C dynamics; 2005 with minimal defoliation, 2006 with partial defoliation of the canopy and understory in a mixed stand, and 2007 with complete defoliation of an oak-dominated stand, and partial defoliation of the mixed and pine-dominated stands. Previous to defoliation in 2005, annual net CO(2) exchange (NEE(yr)) was estimated at -187, -137 and -204 g C m(-2) yr(-1) at the oak-, mixed-, and pine-dominated stands, respectively. Annual NEP estimated from biometric measurements was 108%, 100%, and 98% of NEE(yr) in 2005 for the oak-, mixed-, and pine-dominated stands, respectively. Gypsy moth defoliation strongly reduced fluxes in 2006 and 2007 compared with 2005; NEE(yr) was -122, +103, and -161 g C m(-2) yr(-1) in 2006, and +293, +129, and -17 g C m(-2) yr(-1) in 2007 at the oak-, mixed-, and pine-dominated stands, respectively. At the landscape scale, Gypsy moths defoliated 20.2% of upland forests in 2007. We calculated that defoliation in these upland forests reduced NEE(yr) by 41%, with a 55% reduction in the heavily impacted oak-dominated stands. 'Transient' disturbances such as insect defoliation, nonstand replacing wildfires, and prescribed burns are major factors controlling NEE across this landscape, and when integrated over time, may explain much of the patterning of aboveground biomass and forest floor mass in these upland forests. C1 [Clark, Kenneth L.; Skowronski, Nicholas] US Forest Serv, USDA, New Lisbon, NJ 08064 USA. [Hom, John] US Forest Serv, USDA, Global Change Program, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Clark, KL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 501 4 Mile Rd, New Lisbon, NJ 08064 USA. EM kennethclark@fs.fed.us RI Skowronski, Nicholas/N-4417-2013 OI Skowronski, Nicholas/0000-0002-5801-5614 NR 36 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 6 U2 64 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 88 EP 101 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01983.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554EV UT WOS:000274419200008 ER PT J AU Noormets, A Gavazzi, MJ Mcnulty, SG Domec, JC Sun, G King, JS Chen, JQ AF Noormets, Asko Gavazzi, Michael J. Mcnulty, Steve G. Domec, Jean-Christophe Sun, Ge King, John S. Chen, Jiquan TI Response of carbon fluxes to drought in a coastal plain loblolly pine forest SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE canopy conductance; carbon budget; drained coastal plain forest; ecosystem productivity; ecosystem respiration; heterotrophic respiration; litterfall ID EDDY-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; NET ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; DOUGLAS-FIR STAND; LONG-TERM; SOIL RESPIRATION; SONIC ANEMOMETER; SITE PREPARATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 AB Full accounting of ecosystem carbon (C) pools and fluxes in coastal plain ecosystems remains less studied compared with upland systems, even though the C stocks in these systems may be up to an order of magnitude higher, making them a potentially important component in regional C cycle. Here, we report C pools and CO2 exchange rates during three hydrologically contrasting years (i.e. 2005-2007) in a coastal plain loblolly pine plantation in North Carolina, USA. The daily temperatures were similar among the study years and to the long-term (1971-2000) average, whereas the amount and timing of precipitation differed significantly. Precipitation was the largest in 2005 (147 mm above normal), intermediate in 2006 (48 mm below) and lowest in 2007 (486 mm below normal). The forest was a strong C sink during all years, sequestering 361 +/- 67 (2005), 835 +/- 55 (2006) and 724 +/- 55 (2007) g C m(-2) yr(-1) according to eddy covariance measurements of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE). The interannual differences in NEE were traced to drought-induced declines in canopy and whole tree hydraulic conductances, which declined with growing precipitation deficit and decreasing soil volumetric water content (VWC). In contrast, the interannual differences were small in gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (ER), both seemingly insensitive to drought. However, the drought sensitivity of GEP was masked by higher leaf area index and higher photosynthetically active radiation during the dry year. Normalizing GEP by these factors enhanced interannual differences, but there were no signs of suppressed GEP at low VWC during any given year. Although ER was very consistent across the 3 years, and not suppressed by low VWC, the total respiratory cost as a fraction of net primary production increased with annual precipitation and the contribution of heterotrophic respiration (R-h) was significantly higher during the wettest year, exceeding new litter inputs by 58%. Although the difference was smaller during the other 2 years (R-h : litterfall ratio was 1.05 in 2006 and 1.10 in 2007), the soils lost about 109 g C m(-2) yr(-1), outlining their potential vulnerability to decomposition, and pointing to potential management considerations to protect existing soil C stocks. C1 [Noormets, Asko; Domec, Jean-Christophe; King, John S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Gavazzi, Michael J.; Mcnulty, Steve G.; Sun, Ge] US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Noormets, A (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM anoorme@ncsu.edu RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009 OI Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111 FU USDA [03-CA-11330147-073, 04-CA-11330147-238]; DOE-NICCR [08-SC-NICCR-1072] FX This study was supported by the USDA Forest Service Southern Global Change Program cooperative agreements 03-CA-11330147-073 and 04-CA-11330147-238, and in part by DOE-NICCR award 08-SC-NICCR-1072. The Weyerhaeuser Company is gratefully acknowledged for facilitating access to the study site and offering logistical assistance. Sara Strickland, Johnny Boggs and Emrys Treasure conducted SR and soil C measurements and assisted with field data collection. NR 91 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 10 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 272 EP 287 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01928.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554EV UT WOS:000274419200022 ER PT J AU Eastburn, DM Degennaro, MM Delucia, EH Dermody, O Mcelrone, AJ AF Eastburn, Darin M. Degennaro, Melissa M. Delucia, Evan H. Dermody, Orla Mcelrone, Andrew J. TI Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and ozone alter soybean diseases at SoyFACE SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; elevated CO(2); elevated ozone; fungal pathogens; Fusarium virguliforme; Glycine max; Peronospora manshurica; plant disease; plant-pathogen interactions; Septoria glycines; tropospheric composition ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; POTENTIAL IMPACT; PLANT-DISEASES; GLOBAL CHANGE; CO2; GROWTH; O-3; PATHOGEN; YIELD; FACE AB Human driven changes in the Earth's atmospheric composition are likely to alter plant disease in the future. We evaluated the effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and ozone (O(3)) on three economically important soybean diseases (downy mildew, Septoria brown spot and sudden death syndrome-SDS) under natural field conditions at the soybean free air concentration enrichment (SoyFACE) facility. Disease incidence and/or severity were quantified from 2005 to 2007 using visual surveys and digital image analysis, and changes were related to microclimatic variability and to structural and chemical changes in soybean host plants. Changes in atmospheric composition altered disease expression, but responses of the three pathosystems varied considerably. Elevated CO(2) alone or in combination with O(3) significantly reduced downy mildew disease severity (measured as area under the disease progress curve-AUDPC) by 39-66% across the 3 years of the study. In contrast, elevated CO(2) alone or in combination with O(3) significantly increased brown spot severity in all 3 years, but the increase was small in magnitude. When brown spot severity was assessed in relation to differences in canopy height induced by the atmospheric treatments, disease severity increased under combined elevated CO(2) and O(3) treatment in only one of the 3 years. The atmospheric treatments had no effect on the incidence of SDS or brown spot throughout the study. Higher precipitation during the 2006 growing season was associated with increased AUDPC severity across all treatments by 2.7 and 1.4 times for downy mildew and brown spot, respectively, compared with drought conditions in 2005. In the 2 years with similar precipitation, the higher daily temperatures in the late spring of 2007 were associated with increased severity of downy mildew and brown spot. Elevated CO(2) and O(3) induced changes in the soybean canopy density and leaf age likely contributed to the disease expression modifications. C1 [Mcelrone, Andrew J.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Eastburn, Darin M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Degennaro, Melissa M.] St Josephs Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA. [Delucia, Evan H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dermody, Orla] Pioneer Hi Bred Switzerland SA, DuPont Agr & Nutr, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland. RP Mcelrone, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ajmcelrone@ucdavis.edu FU SJU Sigma Xi; National Science Foundation; Illinois Council on Food and Agricultural Research; Soybean Disease Biotechnology Center - National Soybean Research Laboratory; Illinois Soybean Association; USDA; Office of Science (BER), Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER63489] FX Thanks to J. Lee and J. Foster for help with digital image analysis, K. Snetselaar for help with microscopic analysis of leaves, and Alex Luckew for field disease evaluations. Funding for M. DeGennaro was provided by SJU Sigma Xi grants and a National Science Foundation GK-12 fellowship through the SJU GeoKids program. The SoyFACE experiment was constructed with funds from the Illinois Council on Food and Agricultural Research. This work was also supported in part by The Soybean Disease Biotechnology Center - National Soybean Research Laboratory, The Illinois Soybean Association, USDA Hatch funds, and the Office of Science (BER), Department of Energy Grant no. DE-FG02-04ER63489. NR 37 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 320 EP 330 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01978.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554EV UT WOS:000274419200025 ER PT J AU Anderson, LJ Derner, JD Polley, HW Gordon, WS Eissenstat, DM Jackson, RB AF Anderson, Laurel J. Derner, Justin D. Polley, H. Wayne Gordon, Wendy S. Eissenstat, David M. Jackson, Robert B. TI Root responses along a subambient to elevated CO2 gradient in a C-3-C-4 grassland SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric CO2; elevated CO2; grassland; root biomass; root lifespan; root respiration; roots; subambient CO2 ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; SOIL CARBON; INCREASING CO2; CONCORD GRAPE; FINE ROOTS; RESPIRATION; ENRICHMENT; DYNAMICS; TURNOVER AB Atmospheric CO2 (C-a) concentration has increased significantly during the last 20 000 years, and is projected to double this century. Despite the importance of belowground processes in the global carbon cycle, community-level and single species root responses to rising C-a are not well understood. We measured net community root biomass over 3 years using ingrowth cores in a natural C-3-C-4 grassland exposed to a gradient of C-a from preglacial to future levels (230-550 mu mol mol(-1)). Root windows and minirhizotron tubes were installed below naturally occurring stands of the C-4 perennial grass Bothriochloa ischaemum and its roots were measured for respiration, carbohydrate concentration, specific root length (SRL), production, and lifespan over 2 years. Community root biomass increased significantly (P < 0.05) with C-a over initial conditions, with linear or curvilinear responses depending on sample date. In contrast, B. ischaemum produced significantly more roots at subambient than elevated C-a in minirhizotrons. The lifespan of roots with five or more neighboring roots in minirhizotron windows decreased significantly at high C-a, suggesting that after dense root growth depletes soil resource patches, plants with carbon surpluses readily shed these roots. Root respiration in B. ischaemum showed a curvilinear response to C-a under moist conditions in June 2000, with the lowest rates at C-a < 300 mu mol mol(-1) and peak activity at 450 mu mol mol(-1) in a quadratic model. B. ischaemum roots at subambient C-a had higher SRLs and slightly higher carbohydrate concentrations than those at higher C-a, which may be related to drier soils at low C-a. Our data emphasize that belowground responses of plant communities to C-a can be quite different from those of the individual species, and suggest that complex interactions between and among roots and their immediate soil environment influence the responses of root physiology and lifespan to changing C-a. C1 [Anderson, Laurel J.; Gordon, Wendy S.; Jackson, Robert B.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Anderson, Laurel J.; Eissenstat, David M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Anderson, Laurel J.] Ohio Wesleyan Univ, Dept Bot Microbiol, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Derner, Justin D.; Polley, H. Wayne] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Derner, Justin D.] USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Gordon, Wendy S.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Austin, TX 78744 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Anderson, LJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM ljanders@owu.edu FU DOE [64242-0012346]; USDA-ARS FX We thank C. Beacom, S. Brumbaugh, C. W. Cook, E. Jobaggy, A. Gibson, H. Johnson, K. Jones, W. Pockman, S. Rainey and K. Tiner for field assistance. R. Whitis and C. Kolodziejczyk operated the CO2 chambers. A. Volder and L. Comas provided useful discussions of methods for root respiration and carbohydrate measurements. Members of RBJ's lab group and two anonymous reviewers made helpful editorial comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by the DOE (PER #64242-0012346) and the USDA-ARS. NR 63 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 454 EP 468 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01975.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554EV UT WOS:000274419200036 ER PT J AU Smith, WK Gao, W Steltzer, H Wallenstein, MD Tree, R AF Smith, W. Kolby Gao, Wei Steltzer, Heidi Wallenstein, Matthew D. Tree, Roger TI Moisture availability influences the effect of ultraviolet-B radiation on leaf litter decomposition SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aspen litter; climate change; decomposition; photodegradation; ultraviolet-B; ultraviolet radiation; UV-B ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE REDUCTION; LONG-TERM DECOMPOSITION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; MICROWAVE IRRADIATION; NITROGEN-FIXATION; PLANT LITTER; SOIL; GRASSLAND; CARBON AB Altered surface ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation resulting from a combination of factors that include changes in stratospheric ozone concentrations, cloud cover, and aerosol conditions may affect litter decomposition and, thus, terrestrial nutrient cycling on a global scale. Although litter decomposition rates vary across biomes, patterns of decomposition suggest that UV-B radiation accelerates litter decay in xeric environments where precipitation is infrequent. However, under more frequent precipitation regimes where litter decay rates are characteristically high, the effect of UV-B radiation on litter decomposition has not been fully elucidated. To evaluate this association between moisture regime and UV-B exposure, a litter decomposition experiment was designed for aspen (Populus tremuloides) leaf litter, where conditions that influence both abiotic (photodegradation) and biotic (microbial) processes could be manipulated quantitatively. We found that experimentally increasing UV-B exposure (0, 7.4, and 11.2 kJ m(-2) day(-1), respectively) did not consistently increase litter decomposition rates across simulated precipitation frequencies of 4, 12, and 24 days. Instead, a UV-B exposure of 11.2 kJ m(-2) day(-1) resulted in a 13% decrease in decomposition rates under the 4-day precipitation frequency, but an increase of 80% under the 24-day frequency. Furthermore, the same UV-B dose increased litter decomposition rates under the 24-day precipitation frequency by 78% even in conditions where microbial activity was suppressed. Therefore, under more xeric conditions, greater exposure to UV-B radiation increased decomposition rates, presumably through photodegradation. In contrast, when decomposition was not moisture-limited, greater UV-B exposure slowed decomposition rates, most likely from the resulting inhibition of microbial activity. Ultimately, these experimental results highlight UV-B radiation as a potential driver of decomposition, as well as indicate that both the direction and magnitude of the UV-B effect is dependent on moisture availability, a factor that may change according to future patterns in global precipitation. C1 [Smith, W. Kolby; Gao, Wei; Tree, Roger] Colorado State Univ, USDA, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, UV B Monitoring & Res Program,Dept 1499, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Smith, WK (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, USDA, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, UV B Monitoring & Res Program,Dept 1499, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM smithwk@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu RI Wallenstein, Matthew/C-6441-2008; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016; OI Wallenstein, Matthew/0000-0002-6219-1442; Smith, William/0000-0002-5785-6489 FU USDA [2006-06106]; National Science Foundation [0816720] FX This study was funded by the USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program under a grant from USDA CSREES (Agreement 2006-06106). Laboratory analyses were funded by the National Science Foundation under grant number 0816720 awarded to Heidi Steltzer and Matthew Wallenstein. Glasshouse use and technical support was provided by Jack Morgan at the USDA/ARS Crops Research Laboratory (Fort Collins, CO, USA). Many individuals made important contributions to this research project, including William Parton, George Janson, John Davis, and Roger Reddy. Finally, valuable contributions were made to the writing of this manuscript by the anonymous referees at Global Change Biology. NR 42 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 484 EP 495 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01973.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554EV UT WOS:000274419200038 ER PT S AU Rosegrant, MW Cline, SA Valmonte-Santos, RA AF Rosegrant, Mark W. Cline, Sarah A. Valmonte-Santos, Rowena A. BE Ringler, C Biswas, AK Cline, SA TI Global Water and Food Security: Megatrends and Emerging Issues SO GLOBAL CHANGE: IMPACTS ON WATER AND FOOD SECURITY SE Water Resources Development and Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Feeding the world's growing population will depend to a large extent on irrigation, but the future of irrigation water supplies is increasingly constrained by growth in other sectors. Other challenges, including declining water quality, falling groundwater tables, and growing environmental demands for water further constrain water availability for irrigation. Moreover, globalization and trade liberalization will increasingly impact water use and food production. Some of these challenges will be mediated by what we label the new ABCs of the future of water and food security: Aquaculture, Biotechnology, and Climate Change. In order to address these old and new challenges, fundamental changes in water management are necessary. With the right reforms in water management, implementation of appropriate economic incentives and investments in water infrastructure and agricultural research, progress can be made toward solving these challenges. C1 [Rosegrant, Mark W.; Valmonte-Santos, Rowena A.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Environm & Prod Technol Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Cline, Sarah A.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Rosegrant, MW (reprint author), Int Food Policy Res Inst, Environm & Prod Technol Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM m.rosegrant@cgiar.org; clinesarah@gmail.com; r.valmonte-santos@cgiar.org; clinesarah@gmail.com OI Rosegrant, Mark/0000-0001-6371-6127 NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1614-810X BN 978-3-642-04614-8 J9 WATER RESOUR DEV MAN PY 2010 BP 17 EP 47 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-04615-5_2 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-04615-5 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BNN49 UT WOS:000275066400002 ER PT J AU Drenovsky, RE Steenwerth, KL Jackson, LE Scow, KM AF Drenovsky, Rebecca E. Steenwerth, Kerri L. Jackson, Louise E. Scow, Kate M. TI Land use and climatic factors structure regional patterns in soil microbial communities SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE California; disturbance; microbial biomass; PLFA; soil microbial community; water ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; DIVERSITY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; QUALITY; LANDSCAPE; BACTERIA; TILLAGE AB Aim Although patterns are emerging for macroorganisms, we have limited understanding of the factors determining soil microbial community composition and productivity at large spatial extents. The overall objective of this study was to discern the drivers of microbial community composition at the extent of biogeographical provinces and regions. We hypothesized that factors associated with land use and climate would drive soil microbial community composition and biomass. Location Great Basin Province, Desert Province and California Floristic Province, California, USA. Methods Using phospholipid fatty acid analysis, we compared microbial communities across eight land-use types sampled throughout the State of California, USA (n = 1117). Results The main factor driving composition and microbial biomass was land-use type, especially as related to water availability and disturbance. Dry soils were more enriched in Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, and wetter soils were more enriched in Gram-positive, anaerobic and sulphate-reducing bacteria. Microbial biomass was lowest in ecosystems with the wettest and driest soils. Disturbed soils had less fungal and more Gram-positive bacterial biomass than wildland soils. However, some factors known to influence microbial communities, such as soil pH and specific plant taxa, were not important here. Main conclusions Distinct microbial communities were associated with land-use types and disturbance at the regional extent. Overall, soil water availability was an important determinant of soil microbial community composition. However, because of the inclusion of managed and irrigated agricultural ecosystems, the effect of precipitation was not significant. Effects of environmental and management factors, such as flooding, tillage and irrigation, suggest that agricultural management can have larger effects on soil microbial communities than elevation and precipitation gradients. C1 [Drenovsky, Rebecca E.] John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, University Hts, OH 44118 USA. [Steenwerth, Kerri L.] ARS, USDA, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jackson, Louise E.; Scow, Kate M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Drenovsky, RE (reprint author), John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, 20700 N Pk Blvd, University Hts, OH 44118 USA. EM rdrenovsky@jcu.edu RI Jackson, Louise/A-3562-2010; Guan, Xiaokang/A-6675-2012 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [5 P42 ES04699]; NIH FX We thank K. Batten, K. Baumgartner, D. Bossio, R. Duncan, R. Heizen, E. Kelley, B. Roberts, B. Sanden and S. Strauss for contributed data; K. Graham and M. Edwards for technical assistance; E. Carlisle and C. Sheil for illustration of Fig. 1; and the many Scow Lab undergraduates involved in sample processing and analysis. The comments of three referees significantly improved the manuscript. Partial support was provided by grant number 5 P42 ES04699 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIEHS, NIH. NR 58 TC 79 Z9 84 U1 8 U2 115 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00486.x PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 530FA UT WOS:000272573200003 PM 24443643 ER PT J AU Carpenter, CA Kenar, JA Price, NPJ AF Carpenter, Chrissie A. Kenar, James A. Price, Neil P. J. TI Preparation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid hydrazides and long chain C-glycoside ketohydrazones SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIPASE-CATALYZED ETHANOLYSIS; CANDIDA-ANTARCTICA LIPASE; ONE-STEP SYNTHESIS; MILD-STEEL; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ENZYMATIC-SYNTHESIS; UNPROTECTED SUGARS; AQUEOUS-MEDIA; SUNFLOWER OIL AB A method is described to prepare both saturated and unsaturated fatty acid acyl hydrazides using a lipase as a catalyst. Hydrazides were generated from fatty acid methyl esters as well as directly from vegetable oils, and an organic co-solvent was not needed to maintain the integrity of the unsaturated fatty acids. Both C. antarctica lipase immobilized on acrylic resin and immobilized M. miehei lipase were used to catalyze the reaction, and they provided the desired acyl hydrazides with similar yields of 82.8% and 84.6%, respectively. Analysis of the products by MALDI-TOF-MS and GC-MS fragmentation pathways shows pure products free of starting methyl esters or triacylglycerols. These hydrazide molecules have been used, in conjunction with carbohydrate C-glycoside ketones, to prepare long chain C-glycoside ketohydrazones. This preparation does not require protecting groups or anomeric activation, and various C-glycoside ketohydrazones that retain the closed ring conformation of the parent sugars are described. These compounds have potential as renewable, sugar-based detergents in which the sugar moiety serves as the polar head group while the hydrazide alkyl chain is the non-polar component. C1 [Carpenter, Chrissie A.; Price, Neil P. J.] ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. [Kenar, James A.] ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Carpenter, CA (reprint author), ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL USA. EM Neil.Price@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2010 VL 12 IS 11 BP 2012 EP 2018 DI 10.1039/c0gc00372g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 676RZ UT WOS:000283936800020 ER PT S AU Cheng, HN Gross, RA AF Cheng, H. N. Gross, Richard A. BE Cheng, HN Gross, RA TI Green Polymer Chemistry: Biocatalysis and Biomaterials SO GREEN POLYMER CHEMISTRY: BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOMATERIALS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 238th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY AUG 16-20, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Toxicol, Amer Chem Soc, Env Chem Inc ID BIOFUELS AB This overview briefly surveys the practice of green chemistry in polymer science. Eight related themes can be discerned from the current research activities: 1) biocatalysis, 2) bio-based building blocks and agricultural products, 3) degradable polymers, 4) recycling of polymer products and catalysts, 5) energy generation or minimization during use, 6) optimal molecular design and activity, 7) benign solvents, and 8) improved synthesis to achieve atom economy, reaction efficiency, and reduced toxicity. All of these areas are experiencing an increase in research activity with the development of new tools and technologies. Examples are given of recent developments in green chemistry with a focus on biocatalysis and biobased materials. C1 [Cheng, H. N.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cheng, HN (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM hn.cheng@ars.usda.gov; hn.cheng@ars.usda.gov NR 75 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2581-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1043 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Engineering; Polymer Science GA BVR23 UT WOS:000292523300001 ER PT S AU Fishman, ML Cooke, PH Hotchkiss, AT AF Fishman, Marshall L. Cooke, Peter H. Hotchkiss, Arland T., Jr. BE Cheng, HN Gross, RA TI Extraction and Characterization of Sugar Beet Polysaccharides SO GREEN POLYMER CHEMISTRY: BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOMATERIALS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 238th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY AUG 16-20, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Toxicol, Amer Chem Soc, Env Chem Inc ID PULP; PECTIN; CELLULOSE AB Sugar Beet Pulp (SBP), contains 65 to 80% (dry weight) of potentially valuable polysaccharides. We separated SBP into three fractions. The first fraction, extracted under acid conditions, was labeled pectin, the second was comprised of two sub fractions solubilized under alkaline conditions and was labeled alkaline soluble polysaccharides (ASP) and part of the remaining fraction was solubilized by derivatizing with carboxy methyl groups (DWCM). We have studied the global structure of these fractions after microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) from fresh sugar beet pulp. MAE was employed to minimize the disassembly and possibly the degradation of these polysaccharides during extraction. Fractions were characterized by their carbohydrate composition, by HPSEC with on-line molar mass and viscosity detection and by imaging with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). AFM revealed that pectin formed integrated networks comprised of spheres and strands. ASP aggregated but did not form networks. C1 [Fishman, Marshall L.] USDA, Crop Sci & Engn Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fishman, ML (reprint author), USDA, Crop Sci & Engn Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Marshall.fishman@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2581-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1043 BP 71 EP 86 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Engineering; Polymer Science GA BVR23 UT WOS:000292523300006 ER PT S AU Cheng, HN Gu, QM AF Cheng, H. N. Gu, Qu-Ming BE Cheng, HN Gross, RA TI Synthesis of Poly(aminoamides) via Enzymatic Means SO GREEN POLYMER CHEMISTRY: BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOMATERIALS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 238th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY AUG 16-20, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Toxicol, Amer Chem Soc, Env Chem Inc ID CATALYZED PEPTIDE-SYNTHESIS; AMINO-ACID; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; ACYL DONORS; POLYMERIZATION; PROTEASES; ENZYMES; ESTERS; MEDIA; LATEX AB Poly(aminoamides) constitute a subclass of polyamides that are water-soluble and useful for several applications. Commercially they are made via chemical reaction pathways. A review is made in this work of the enzymatic approaches towards their syntheses. Lipases and esterases have been found to be suitable enzymes to produce high-molecular-weight polyamides under relatively mild reaction conditions. A large number of different polymer compositions can be synthesized through enzymatic means. The design of the polymer structure and synthetic considerations are included in this review. C1 [Cheng, H. N.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cheng, HN (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM h.n.cheng@ars.usda.gov; h.n.cheng@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2581-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1043 BP 255 EP 263 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Engineering; Polymer Science GA BVR23 UT WOS:000292523300018 ER PT J AU Wood, WW Clark, D Imes, JL Councell, TB AF Wood, Warren W. Clark, David Imes, Jeffrey L. Councell, Terry B. TI Eolian Transport of Geogenic Hexavalent Chromium to Ground Water SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID ARABIAN PENINSULA; ULTRAMAFIC SOILS; ABU-DHABI; DUST AB A conceptual model of eolian transport is proposed to address the widely distributed, high concentrations of hexavalent chromium (Cr+6) observed in ground water in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Concentrations (30 to more than 1000 mu g/L Cr+6) extend over thousands of square kilometers of ground water systems. It is hypothesized that the Cr is derived from weathering of chromium-rich pyroxenes and olivines present in ophiolite sequence of the adjacent Oman (Hajar) Mountains. Cr+3 in the minerals is oxidized to Cr+6 by reduction of manganese and is subsequently sorbed on iron and manganese oxide coatings of particles. When the surfaces of these particles are abraded in this arid environment, they release fine, micrometer-sized, coated particles that are easily transported over large distances by wind and subsequently deposited on the surface. During ground water recharge events, the readily soluble Cr+6 is mobilized by rain water and transported by advective flow into the underlying aquifer. Chromium analyses of ground water, rain, dust, and surface (soil) deposits are consistent with this model, as are electron probe analyses of clasts derived from the eroding Oman ophiolite sequence. Ground water recharge flux is proposed to exercise some control over Cr+6 concentration in the aquifer. C1 [Wood, Warren W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Clark, David; Imes, Jeffrey L.] US Geol Survey, NDC Dept State, Dulles, VA 20189 USA. [Councell, Terry B.] USDA, AMS, S&T, Monitoring Program Off,Pesticides Off, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Wood, WW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 206 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM wwwood@msu.edu NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00592.x PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 536SX UT WOS:000273065200010 PM 19563424 ER PT B AU Lee, SM Winn, M Araman, P AF Lee, Sang-Mook Winn, Matt Araman, Philip BE Edelstein, A Bar, D TI URBANCROWNS AND FORESTCROWNS: ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING TOOLS FOR URBAN AND FOREST TREES SO HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH SE Environmental Research Advances LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEFOLIATION ASSESSMENT METHODS; LEAF-AREA INDEX; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; CANOPY STRUCTURE; BIOMASS; PHOTOGRAPHS; SYSTEM; SLIDES; LIGHT AB This chapter describes the development of two digital photo-monitoring programs and discusses several of the image processing techniques used. The software will allow foresters, arborists, citizen foresters, and other concerned individuals to monitor the health of urban or forest trees using digital photographs. The evaluation is based on tree crown characteristics, which serve as good indicators of overall tree health. The software will allow individuals to upload digital images of trees, have those images processed using crown analysis software, and return to the user the results of the analysis. The urban tree software provides estimates of tree length, crown diameter, live crown ratio, crown volume, crown density, and foliage transparency. The database driven software will allow users to monitor individual tree crown characteristics over time and assist in diagnosing declining tree health. Crown volume information can also be used in other software packages to assess the environmental worth of the tree. The forest based tree software analyzes images from below and just assesses foliage transparency and density of parts of trees or groups of tree crowns. C1 [Lee, Sang-Mook] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Winn, Matt; Araman, Philip] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Lee, SM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60741-492-6 J9 ENVIRON RES ADV PY 2010 BP 481 EP 495 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BPE23 UT WOS:000278678600016 ER PT J AU Ajwa, H Ntow, WJ Qin, RJ Gao, SD AF Ajwa, Husein Ntow, William J. Qin, Ruijun Gao, Suduan BE Krieger, R TI Properties of Soil Fumigants and Their Fate in the Environment SO HAYES' HANDBOOK OF PESTICIDE TOXICOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSION; FLOWER-BULB FIELDS; CHLOROPICRIN EMISSIONS; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; CHEMICAL ALTERNATIVES; AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; DRIP APPLICATION; PHASE PARTITION; SHANK INJECTION C1 [Ajwa, Husein; Ntow, William J.; Qin, Ruijun] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gao, Suduan] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA USA. RP Ajwa, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 112 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092201-0 PY 2010 BP 315 EP 330 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374367-1.00009-4 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BCS50 UT WOS:000311281800011 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Duke, SO AF Dayan, Franck E. Duke, Stephen O. BE Krieger, R TI Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Inhibiting Herbicides SO HAYES' HANDBOOK OF PESTICIDE TOXICOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES; WATERHEMP AMARANTHUS-RUDIS; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; WEED-CONTROL; PHOTOBLEACHING HERBICIDES; PEROXIDIZING HERBICIDES; CELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; CUCUMBER COTYLEDONS; MULTIPLE RESISTANCE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-BASIS C1 [Dayan, Franck E.; Duke, Stephen O.] USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 145 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092201-0 PY 2010 BP 1733 EP 1751 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374367-1.00081-1 PG 19 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BCS50 UT WOS:000311281800084 ER PT J AU Ashworth, DJ Yates, SR AF Ashworth, D. J. Yates, S. R. BE Krieger, R TI Methyl Iodide SO HAYES' HANDBOOK OF PESTICIDE TOXICOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS; SOIL FUMIGANT; CHEMICAL ALTERNATIVES; BROMIDE ALTERNATIVES; NEMATODE CONTROL; DEGRADATION; EFFICACY; VOLATILIZATION; CHLOROPICRIN; SHANK C1 [Ashworth, D. J.; Yates, S. R.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Ashworth, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092201-0 PY 2010 BP 2307 EP 2317 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374367-1.00108-7 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BCS50 UT WOS:000311281800111 ER PT J AU Lu, AS Baranowski, J Cullen, KW Jago, R Thompson, D Baranowski, T AF Lu, Amy Shirong Baranowski, Janice Cullen, Karen W. Jago, Russ Thompson, Debbe Baranowski, Tom TI Interactive Media for Childhood Obesity Prevention SO HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID OUTCOME EVALUATION; INTERNET PROGRAM; HEALTH; GIRLS; FUN C1 [Lu, Amy Shirong] Indiana Univ, Sch Informat, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Baranowski, Janice; Cullen, Karen W.; Thompson, Debbe; Baranowski, Tom] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Jago, Russ] Univ Bristol, Dept Exercise Nutr & Hlth Sci, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. RP Lu, AS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Informat, IUPUI, 535 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM amylu@iupui.edu OI Jago, Russell/0000-0002-3394-0176; Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222; Lu, Amy Shirong/0000-0002-8230-9049 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [U44 DK066724] NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1041-0236 J9 HEALTH COMMUN JI Health Commun. PY 2010 VL 25 IS 6-7 BP 581 EP 582 AR PII 926891928 DI 10.1080/10410236.2010.496827 PG 2 WC Communication; Health Policy & Services SC Communication; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 650MD UT WOS:000281852700027 PM 20845151 ER PT B AU Caesar, A Caesar-TonThat, T AF Caesar, Anthony Caesar-TonThat, TheCan BE Veress, B Szigethy, J TI THE SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY AND RANGELAND HEALTH, SOME OVERLOOKED THEMES SO HORIZONS IN EARTH SCIENCE RESEARCH, VOL 1 SE Horizons in Earth Science Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; GRASS AMMOPHILA-ARENARIA; FAIRY RING FUNGUS; BASIDIOMYCETE FUNGUS; NATURAL VEGETATION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SURFACE MINE; FEEDBACK; COEXISTENCE AB Recognition of the importance of soil microbial communities in various ecosystems is burgeoning. Additionally, the effects of microbial biodiversity on rangeland plant communities, rangeland soil health and quality are becoming increasingly recognized. Concepts such as plant soil feedback on invasive species including in combination with insect herbivory are also receiving greater recognition. There are some overlooked themes in this area of study. The role of plant pathogens in restoration of rangeland plant communities and on rangeland productivity and community structure should receive more emphasis. Out of the spotlight of the prevailing focus on effects and impact of mycorrhizae in prairie systems, the study of basidiomycetes is overlooked. The extension of the concept of functional diversity generally applied to plant communities in their resistance to invasion can also be extended to soil microflora and microfauna. The implication of this is that rangelands will be a highly relevant setting to explore relationship between microbial diversity and plant diversity. A more complete and holistic approach to managing rangelands for the sustainable provision of ecosystem services must properly include the role of soil microbial community diversity and further the role of key (or keystone) species in these communities. C1 [Caesar, Anthony; Caesar-TonThat, TheCan] ARS, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Caesar, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60741-221-2 J9 HORIZ EARTH SCI RES PY 2010 BP 403 EP 416 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BPC04 UT WOS:000278494800016 ER PT B AU Caesar, A Caesar-TonThat, T Sainju, U AF Caesar, Anthony Caesar-TonThat, TheCan Sainju, Upendra BE Veress, B Szigethy, J TI THE PLANT PATHOLOGY OF NATIVE PLANT RESTORATION SO HORIZONS IN EARTH SCIENCE RESEARCH, VOL 1 SE Horizons in Earth Science Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPURGE EUPHORBIA-ESULA; COMPARATIVE VIRULENCE; LEAFY SPURGE; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; CENTAUREA-DIFFUSA; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; NORTHERN PLAINS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL BIOTA AB It will be argued that restoration of ecologically degraded sites will benefit from the convergence of knowledge drawn from such disparate and often compartmentalized (and heretofore not widely considered) areas of research as soil microbial ecology, plant pathology and agronomy. Restoration following biological control will be discussed to highlight issues that we regard as more widely applicable to general restoration science and ecology. A main focal point of future restoration work in natural areas will be sites that were infested with exotic invasive plants. Invasive plant species have been shown to cause soil microbial communities that significantly differ from those of prominent native species in the same habitat. These changes are further compounded by the effects on the microbial communities of control measures applied to large scale, heavy infestations of invasive species. Greater understanding of the effects of such an altered soil microbial ecology on the ability to establish or reestablish native forbs will be drawn from working within the intersection of ecological restoration science soil microbiology, plant pathology, and agronomy. The necessity of isolating, culturing and testing the effects of key members of the soil and rhizosphere microflora on native forbs and grasses intended for use as restoration species will be discussed. The importance of applying knowledge of such soil quality factors as soil aggregating fungi and bacteria will also be emphasized. This review is intended to develop a new perspective that the authors hope will provoke discussion of how multidisciplinary work can aid native species restoration. C1 [Caesar, Anthony; Caesar-TonThat, TheCan; Sainju, Upendra] ARS, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Caesar, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. OI Sainju, Upendra/0000-0001-6943-733X NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60741-221-2 J9 HORIZ EARTH SCI RES PY 2010 BP 417 EP 428 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BPC04 UT WOS:000278494800017 ER PT J AU Reilly, CC Wood, BW Stevenson, KL AF Reilly, Charles C. Wood, Bruce W. Stevenson, Katherine L. TI Relationship of Shoot Dieback in Pecan to Fungi and Fruiting Stress SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carya illinoinensis; Botryosphaeria spp; winter cold injury; stress pathogen; summer dieback ID BOTRYOSPHAERIA-DOTHIDEA; FALL DEFOLIATION; UNITED-STATES; PHOMOPSIS; BLIGHT; PEACH AB Two shoot dieback maladies (SDM) of pecan vertical bar Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Kochi are of unknown cause and can adversely affect tree canopy health. They occur during either early spring (SpSDM) or early summer (SuSDM). Field studies found that both maladies predominantly occur on shoots retaining peduncles from the previous crop year's fruit cluster. Isolations of transition zone (from living to dead) tissue of symptomatic shoots, of 14 cultivars, found Phomopsis sp. in 89% or greater of samples an Botryosphaeria spp. in 40% or greater of sampled shoots. Isolations occasionally found some combination of eight other apparently saprobic fungal genera with individual genera typically present in 10% or less of symptomatic shoots but were always present in association with either Phomopsis sp. or Botryosphaeria spp. when shoots exhibited either SuSDM or SpSDM. The SpSDM form was associated with 10 cm or less of the shoot's length before budbreak in early March before expanding to 30 cm or greater by late June to produce the SuSDM form, thus, providing evidence for an ongoing and expanding infection common to both SDM forms. The incidence of both "Phomopsis-associated" SDM forms was greatest on trees likely exhibiting substantial stress, some of which was crop-associated. The consistent association of these two fungi with SDM indicates a role for one or both in its development; however, further pathogenicity research is needed to determine if they are the primary cause of these shoot dieback maladies and how the), interact with stress factors. Linkage of Phomopsis sp., and possibly Botryosphaeria spp., to these two SDMs raises the possibility of significant canopy damage in prolific cultivars and emphasizes the importance of management practices that minimize stress in orchard trees. C1 [Reilly, Charles C.; Wood, Bruce W.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Stevenson, Katherine L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM bruce.wood@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 87 EP 91 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 546QI UT WOS:000273824900014 ER PT J AU Ehlenfeldt, MK Polashock, JJ Stretch, AW Kramer, M AF Ehlenfeldt, Mark K. Polashock, James J. Stretch, Allan W. Kramer, Matthew TI Mummy Berry Fruit Rot and Shoot Blight Incidence in Blueberry: Prediction, Ranking, and Stability in a Long-term Study SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE modeling; environmental effects; weather; variance decomposition ID MONILINIA-VACCINII-CORYMBOSI; HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; CULTIVARS; RESISTANCE; DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTION; PARAMETER AB Mummy berry (Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi) is an important disease of cultivated blueberry (Vaccinium spp.). The disease has two distinct phases: a blighting phase initiated by ascospores and a fruit infection stage initiated by conidia during bloom. In this study, we investigated, in a nursery setting, blueberry cultivar resistance to both phases of the disease and, using multiple "standards" with a range of susceptibilities, examined, over 9 to 12 years, factors affecting disease incidence in controlled inoculations. The analyses of our data show that a minimum of 8 years of testing is necessary to obtain stable rankings of cultivar susceptibility for the fruit infection phase of the disease. Insufficient years of data were available to estimate this for the blight phase. Eight years are necessary largely as a result of uncertainty arising from the large environment x genotype interaction, estimated to be more than double any other source of observed variation, other than that resulting from sampling/individual plants. For individual cultivars, temperature and the amount and frequency of precipitation in January to March (when neither plant nor pathogen were presumed active and when both were in cold frames somewhat protected from environmental conditions) were predictive of later disease incidence. For most cultivars, the same weather variables at the same time period were found to be predictive for independently modeled cultivars. Additional cultivars, with only a few years' data, were grouped with the standard with which they shared similar environmental (year) responses and possibly similar disease predictive models. C1 [Ehlenfeldt, Mark K.; Polashock, James J.; Stretch, Allan W.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kramer, Matthew] USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), PE Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. EM mark.ehlenfeldt@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 92 EP 97 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 546QI UT WOS:000273824900015 ER PT J AU Stringer, SJ Spiers, JM Marshall, DA Draper, AD AF Stringer, Stephen J. Spiers, James M. Marshall, Donna A. Draper, Arlen D. TI 'Prince' Rabbiteye Blueberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Vaccinium ashei; fruit breeding ID SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY C1 [Stringer, Stephen J.; Spiers, James M.; Marshall, Donna A.; Draper, Arlen D.] ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Stringer, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, 810 Highway 26 W, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM stephen.stringer@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 144 EP 145 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 546QI UT WOS:000273824900024 ER PT J AU Matsumoto, TK Zee, FTP Suzuki, JY Tripathi, S Carr, J Mackey, B AF Matsumoto, Tracie K. Zee, Francis T. P. Suzuki, Jon Y. Tripathi, Savarni Carr, James Mackey, Bruce TI Determining Sex and Screening for the Adventitious Presence of Transgenic Material in Carica papaya L. Seed Germplasm SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hermaphrodite; female; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV); GUS; papain; GMO detection ID VIRUS RESISTANT PAPAYA; COAT PROTEIN GENE; RINGSPOT VIRUS; PCR AB Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is a devastating disease that has a detrimental impact on both commercial papaya production and Caricaceae germplasm conservation. In 1998, the PRSV coat protein transgenic line 55-1 and derived progeny were released to growers in Hawaii. The transgenic varieties have provided durable and practical control of the disease that have saved the papaya industry. However, like with transgenic crops throughout the world, there is public concern about the possibility of cross-contamination of these transgenic materials into nontransgenic lines. As the designated germplasm repository for Caricaceae, we are responsible for maintaining the genetic integrity of each accession. Therefore, we have developed a protocol using polymerase chain reaction for detection of the adventitious presence of the 55-1 transgene insertion event in both parental plants and their progeny seed populations. This protocol assures a 99.9% confidence level of obtaining seeds that are 99.5% transgene-free. The protocol developed in this stud), is not typical for most seed validation techniques because there is a higher than normal producer risk resulting from the potential of large numbers of seeds not meeting the stringent criteria. However, we believe this is necessary to ensure the genetic integrity of seeds stored in the repository. C1 [Matsumoto, Tracie K.; Zee, Francis T. P.; Suzuki, Jon Y.; Tripathi, Savarni; Carr, James] ARS, USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Trop Plant Genet Resource & Dis Res Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Mackey, Bruce] ARS, USDA, Pacific W Area, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Matsumoto, TK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Trop Plant Genet Resource & Dis Res Unit, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM tracie.matsumoto@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 161 EP 164 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 546QI UT WOS:000273824900031 ER PT J AU Byard, S Wisniewski, M Li, JH Karlson, D AF Byard, Stephanie Wisniewski, Michael Li, Jianhua Karlson, Dale TI Interspecific Analysis of Xylem Freezing Responses in Acer and Betula SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cold acclimation; woody plants; supercooling; nonsupercooling; freezing response ID CORNUS-STOLONIFERA MICHX; RAY PARENCHYMA CELLS; RED-OSIER DOGWOOD; COLD-ACCLIMATION; WOODY-PLANTS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL; LOW-TEMPERATURE; TISSUE WATER; SERICEA L; TOLERANCE AB Temperate woody plants have evolved two methods for coping with seasonal exposure to subzero temperatures. Supercooling is a freeze-avoidance strategy in which cells can avoid intracellular freezing below subzero temperatures. Nonsupercooling is a freeze-tolerance strategy in which the growth of extracellular ice crystals is promote and intracellular water is withdrawn. Thus, nonsupercooling species have also evolved adaptations to tolerate intracellular dehydration, which results from the formation of extracellular ice. The goal of our stud), was to provide the first broad characterization of freezing response within two representative woody genera (Acer and Betula) in relation to the evolution of the freezing response trait. Although all of the examined Acer species (nine) exhibited xylem supercooling response, only five of 14 Betula species were identified as supercooling species. When the characterized freezing responses were overlaid onto a phylogenetic tree, the supercooling freezing response was revealed as an ancestral trait in Betula. C1 [Byard, Stephanie; Karlson, Dale] W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wisniewski, Michael] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Li, Jianhua] Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02130 USA. RP Karlson, D (reprint author), Monsanto Co, Abiot Stress Physiol, 110 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dale.karlson@monsanto.com RI Karlson, Dale/A-7617-2013 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 165 EP 168 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 546QI UT WOS:000273824900032 ER PT J AU Gao, P Zhang, XC Mu, XM Wang, F Li, R Zhang, XP AF Gao, Peng Zhang, Xunchang Mu, Xinming Wang, Fei Li, Rui Zhang, Xiaoping TI Trend and change-point analyses of streamflow and sediment discharge in the Yellow River during 1950-2005 SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE Yellow River; precipitation; streamflow; sediment discharge; human intervention; change-point analysis ID LOESS PLATEAU; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; FLOW REGIME; CHINA; IMPACTS; CATCHMENTS; BASIN; TESTS AB The objectives of this work are: (a) to statistically test and quantify the decreasing trends of streamflow and sediment discharge of the Yellow River in China during 1950-2005, (b) to identify change points or transition years of the decreasing trends, and (c) to diagnose whether the decreasing trends were caused by precipitation changes or human intervention, or both. The results show that significant decreasing trends in annual streamflow and sediment discharge have existed since the late 1950s at three stations located in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yellow River (P = 0.01). Change-point analyses further revealed that transition years existed and that rapid decline in streamflow and sediment discharge began in 1985 in most parts of the basin (P = 0.05). Adoption of conservation measures in the 1980s and 1990s corroborates the identified transition years. Double-mass curves of precipitation vs streamflow (sediment) for the periods before and after the transition years show remarkable decreases in proportionality of streamflow (sediment) generation. All percentiles of streamflow and sediment discharge after the transition years showed rapid reduction. In the absence of significantly decreasing precipitation trends, it is concluded that the decreasing trends were very likely caused by human intervention. Relative to the period before the transition, human intervention during 1985-2005 reduced cumulative streamflow by 13.5, 14.3 and 24.6% and cumulative sediment discharge by 29.0, 24.8 and 26.5%, at Toudaoguai, Huayuankou and Lijin, respectively, showing the quantitative conservation effect in the basin. C1 [Gao, Peng; Mu, Xinming; Wang, Fei; Li, Rui; Zhang, Xiaoping] NW A&F Univ, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xunchang] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Gao, P (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, 26 Xinong Rd, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China. EM xmmu@ms.iswc.ac.cn RI Gao, Peng/K-7487-2014; WANG, Fei/J-8497-2013 OI Gao, Peng/0000-0002-4723-4256; WANG, Fei/0000-0002-5213-4399 FU National Basic Research Programme (973 Programme) [2007CB407203]; [KZCX2-XB2-05-03] FX This paper is financially supported by The National Basic Research Programme (also called 973 Programme) (2007CB407203) and Programme KZCX2-XB2-05-03. The authors would also like to thank Dr Ninghu Su of James Cook University and Dr John Gates for their insightful comments and suggestions. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PY 2010 VL 55 IS 2 BP 275 EP 285 DI 10.1080/02626660903546191 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 600TY UT WOS:000278013000011 ER PT J AU Gruhier, C de Rosnay, P Hasenauer, S Holmes, T de Jeu, R Kerr, Y Mougin, E Njoku, E Timouk, F Wagner, W Zribi, M AF Gruhier, C. de Rosnay, P. Hasenauer, S. Holmes, T. de Jeu, R. Kerr, Y. Mougin, E. Njoku, E. Timouk, F. Wagner, W. Zribi, M. TI Soil moisture active and passive microwave products: intercomparison and evaluation over a Sahelian site SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN MONSOON; PRECIPITATION; RETRIEVAL; SURFACE; SPACE AB This paper presents a comparison and an evaluation of five soil moisture products based on satellite-based passive and active microwave measurements. Products are evaluated for 2005-2006 against ground measurements obtained from the soil moisture network deployed in Mali (Sahel) in the framework of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis project. It is shown that the accuracy of the soil moisture products is sensitive to the retrieval approach as well as to the sensor type (active or passive) and to the signal frequency (from 5.6 GHz to 18.8 GHz). The spatial patterns of surface soil moisture are compared between the different products at meso-scale (14.5 degrees N-17.5 degrees N and 2 degrees W-1 degrees W). A general good consistency between the different satellite soil moisture products is shown in terms of meso-scale spatial distribution, in particular after convective rainfall occurrences. Comparison to ground measurement shows that although soil moisture products obtained from satellite generally over-estimate soil moisture values during the dry season, most of them capture soil moisture temporal variations in good agreement with ground station measurements. C1 [Gruhier, C.; Kerr, Y.; Mougin, E.; Timouk, F.; Zribi, M.] UPS, IRD, CNES, CNRS,Ctr Etud Spatiales BIOsphere,UMR 5126, Toulouse, France. [de Rosnay, P.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Hasenauer, S.; Wagner, W.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Holmes, T.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [de Jeu, R.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Njoku, E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Gruhier, C (reprint author), UPS, IRD, CNES, CNRS,Ctr Etud Spatiales BIOsphere,UMR 5126, Toulouse, France. EM claire.gruhier@cesbio.cnes.fr RI de Rosnay, Patricia/M-8203-2013; Holmes, Thomas/F-4512-2010; OI de Rosnay, Patricia/0000-0002-7374-3820; Holmes, Thomas/0000-0002-4651-0079; Wagner, Wolfgang/0000-0001-7704-6857 FU European Community Sixth Framework Research Program FX The ground validation data set was obtained in the framework of the AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis) Program. Based on a French initiative, AMMA was built by an international scientific group and is currently funded by a large number of agencies, especially from France, UK, US and Africa. It has been the beneficiary of a major financial contribution from the European Community Sixth Framework Research Program. Detailed information on scientific coordination and funding is available on the AMMA International web site http://www.amma-international.org. NR 33 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2010 VL 14 IS 1 BP 141 EP 156 DI 10.5194/hess-14-141-2010 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 549NR UT WOS:000274058900010 ER PT J AU Luce, CH Tarboton, DG AF Luce, C. H. Tarboton, D. G. TI Evaluation of alternative formulae for calculation of surface temperature in snowmelt models using frequency analysis of temperature observations SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL SNOW; ENERGY; PARAMETERIZATION; PROPAGATION; PREDICTION; MOISTURE AB The snow surface temperature is an important quantity in the snow energy balance, since it modulates the exchange of energy between the surface and the atmosphere as well as the conduction of energy into the snowpack. It is therefore important to correctly model snow surface temperatures in energy balance snowmelt models. This paper focuses on the relationship between snow surface temperature and conductive energy fluxes that drive the energy balance of a snowpack. Time series of snow temperature at the surface and through the snowpack were measured to examine energy conduction in a snowpack. Based on these measurements we calculated the snowpack energy content and conductive energy flux at the snow surface. We then used these estimates of conductive energy flux to evaluate formulae for the calculation of the conductive flux at the snow surface based on surface temperature time series. We use a method based on Fourier frequency analysis to estimate snow thermal properties. Among the formulae evaluated, we found that a modified force-restore formula, based on the superimposition of the force-restore equation capturing diurnal fluctuations on a gradually changing temperature gradient, had the best agreement with observations of heat conduction. This formula is suggested for the parameterization of snow surface temperature in a full snowpack energy balance model. C1 [Luce, C. H.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. [Tarboton, D. G.] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Luce, CH (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. EM cluce@fs.fed.us RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008; Tarboton, David/G-8972-2011 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662; Tarboton, David/0000-0002-1998-3479 FU NASA [NAG 5-7597] FX This work was supported by NASA Land Surface Hydrology Program, grant number NAG 5-7597. The views and conclusions expressed are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing official policies, either expressed or implied, of the US Government. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2010 VL 14 IS 3 BP 535 EP 543 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 576VQ UT WOS:000276178100011 ER PT J AU Konz, N Baenninger, D Konz, M Nearing, M Alewell, C AF Konz, N. Baenninger, D. Konz, M. Nearing, M. Alewell, C. TI Process identification of soil erosion in steep mountain regions SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WEPP; PREDICTION; RUNOFF; CLIMATE; MODELS; RATES; CESIUM-137; CATCHMENT; TRANSPORT; SLOPES AB Mountainous soil erosion processes were investigated in the Urseren Valley (Central Switzerland) by means of measurements and simulations. The quantification of soil erosion was performed on hill slope scale (2 center dot 20 m) for three different land use types: hayfields, pastures with dwarf shrubs and pastures without dwarf shrubs with three replicates each. Erosion rates during growing season were measured with sediment traps between June 2006 and November 2007. Long-term soil erosion rates were estimated based on Cs- 137 redistribution. In addition, soil moisture and surface flow were recorded during the growing season in the field and compared to model output. We chose the WEPP model (Water Erosion Prediction Project) to simulate soil erosion during the growing season. Model parameters were determined in the field (slope, plant species, fractional vegetation cover, initial saturation level), by laboratory analyses (grain size, organic matter) and by literature study. The WEPP model simulates sheet erosion processes (interrill and splash erosion processes, please note that no rill erosion occurs at our sites). Model output resulted in considerable smaller values than the measured erosion rates with sediment traps for the same period. We attribute the differences to observed random gravity driven erosion of soil conglomerates. The Cs-137 measurements deliver substantially higher mean annual erosion rates, which are most likely connected to snow cover related processes such as snow gliding and avalanche activities. C1 [Konz, N.; Baenninger, D.; Alewell, C.] Univ Basel, Inst Environm Geosci, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Konz, N.] Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon Res Stn ART, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. [Konz, M.] ETH, Inst Environm Engn Hydrol & Water Resources Manag, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Nearing, M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN USA. RP Konz, N (reprint author), Univ Basel, Inst Environm Geosci, Bernoullistr 30, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. EM n.konz@gmx.ch RI Alewell, Christine/K-5104-2016 OI Alewell, Christine/0000-0001-9295-9806 FU State Secretariat for Education and Research (SER) FX This work was financially supported by the State Secretariat for Education and Research (SER), in the framework of the European COST action 634: "On- and Off-site Environmental Impacts of Runoff and Erosion". NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2010 VL 14 IS 4 BP 675 EP 686 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 589WO UT WOS:000277185100006 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Carey, SK Quinton, WL Janowicz, JR Pomeroy, JW Flerchinger, GN AF Zhang, Y. Carey, S. K. Quinton, W. L. Janowicz, J. R. Pomeroy, J. W. Flerchinger, G. N. TI Comparison of algorithms and parameterisations for infiltration into organic-covered permafrost soils SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; FROZEN PRAIRIE SOILS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; WATER-MOVEMENT; ACTIVE-LAYER; SIMULTANEOUS HEAT; MASS-TRANSFER; COUPLED HEAT; COLD REGIONS; FREEZE-THAW AB Infiltration into frozen and unfrozen soils is critical in hydrology, controlling active layer soil water dynamics and influencing runoff. Few Land Surface Models (LSMs) and Hydrological Models (HMs) have been developed, adapted or tested for frozen conditions and permafrost soils. Considering the vast geographical area influenced by freeze/thaw processes and permafrost, and the rapid environmental change observed worldwide in these regions, a need exists to improve models to better represent their hydrology. In this study, various infiltration algorithms and parameterisation methods, which are commonly employed in current LSMs and HMs were tested against detailed measurements at three sites in Canada's discontinuous permafrost region with organic soil depths ranging from 0.02 to 3 m. Field data from two consecutive years were used to calibrate and evaluate the infiltration algorithms and parameterisations. Important conclusions include: (1) the single most important factor that controls the infiltration at permafrost sites is ground thaw depth, (2) differences among the simulated infiltration by different algorithms and parameterisations were only found when the ground was frozen or during the initial fast thawing stages, but not after ground thaw reaches a critical depth of 15 to 30 cm, (3) despite similarities in simulated total infiltration after ground thaw reaches the critical depth, the choice of algorithm influenced the distribution of water among the soil layers, and (4) the ice impedance factor for hydraulic conductivity, which is commonly used in LSMs and HMs, may not be necessary once the water potential driven frozen soil parameterisation is employed. Results from this work provide guidelines that can be directly implemented in LSMs and HMs to improve their application in organic covered permafrost soils. C1 [Zhang, Y.; Carey, S. K.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Quinton, W. L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. [Janowicz, J. R.] Yukon Dept Environm, Environm Programs Branch, Whitehorse, YT, Canada. [Pomeroy, J. W.] Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Hydrol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Flerchinger, G. N.] ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Boise, ID USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM yinsuo_zhang@carleton.ca RI Pomeroy, John/A-8589-2013 OI Pomeroy, John/0000-0002-4782-7457 FU Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS); International Polar Year (IPY); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX This study was supported by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS) via the project: Improved processes and parameterisation for predictions in cold regions (IP3), International Polar Year (IPY) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). Masaki Hayashi provided some thoughtful insights and contributed to the original field data collection. Nicole Wright and Matt MacDonald provided some processed observation data. The source code and documentation of CLASS frozen soil infiltration module were obtained from Diana Verseghy and Ric Soulis. NR 90 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2010 VL 14 IS 5 BP 729 EP 750 DI 10.5194/hess-14-729-2010 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 603CD UT WOS:000278184600002 ER PT J AU Flerchinger, GN Marks, D Reba, ML Yu, Q Seyfried, MS AF Flerchinger, G. N. Marks, D. Reba, M. L. Yu, Q. Seyfried, M. S. TI Surface fluxes and water balance of spatially varying vegetation within a small mountainous headwater catchment SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BOREAL ASPEN FOREST; ENERGY-BALANCE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; COMPLEX TERRAIN; SNOW DEPOSITION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; PINE FOREST; OVERSTORY; CANOPY AB Precipitation variability and complex topography often create a mosaic of vegetation communities in mountainous headwater catchments, creating a challenge for measuring and interpreting energy and mass fluxes. Understanding the role of these communities in modulating energy, water and carbon fluxes is critical to quantifying the variability in energy, carbon, and water balances across landscapes. The focus of this paper was: (1) to demonstrate the utility of eddy covariance (EC) systems in estimating the evapotranspiration component of the water balance of complex headwater mountain catchments; and (2) to compare and contrast the seasonal surface energy and carbon fluxes across a headwater catchment characterized by large variability in precipitation and vegetation cover. Eddy covariance systems were used to measure surface fluxes over sagebrush (Artemesia arbuscula and Artemesia tridentada vaseyana), aspen (Populus tremuloides) and the understory of grasses and forbs beneath the aspen canopy. Peak leaf area index of the sagebrush, aspen, and aspen understory was 0.77, 1.35, and 1.20, respectively. The sagebrush and aspen canopies were subject to similar meteorological forces, while the understory of the aspen was sheltered from the wind. Missing periods of measured data were common and made it necessary to extrapolate measured fluxes to the missing periods using a combination of measured and simulated data. Estimated cumulative evapotranspiratation from the sagebrush, aspen trees, and aspen understory were 384 mm, 314 mm and 185 mm. A water balance of the catchment indicated that of the 699 mm of areal average precipitation, 421 mm was lost to evapotranspiration, and 254 mm of streamflow was measured from the catchment; water balance closure for the catchment was within 22 mm. Fluxes of latent heat and carbon for all sites were minimal through the winter. Growing season fluxes of latent heat and carbon were consistently higher above the aspen canopy than from the other sites. While growing season carbon fluxes were very similar for the sagebrush and aspen understory, latent heat fluxes for the sagebrush were consistently higher, likely because it is more exposed to the wind. Sensible heat flux from the aspen tended to be slightly less than the sagebrush site during the growing season when the leaves were actively transpiring, but exceeded that from the sagebrush in May, September and October when the net radiation was not offset by evaporative cooling in the aspen. Results from this study demonstrate the utility of EC systems in closing the water balance of headwater mountain catchments and illustrate the influence of vegetation on the spatial variability of surface fluxes across mountainous rangeland landscapes. C1 [Flerchinger, G. N.; Marks, D.; Reba, M. L.; Seyfried, M. S.] ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID USA. [Yu, Q.] Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. RP Flerchinger, GN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID USA. EM gerald.flerchinger@ars.usda.gov RI Yu, Qiang/D-3702-2009 OI Yu, Qiang/0000-0001-6950-1821 NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2010 VL 14 IS 6 BP 965 EP 978 DI 10.5194/hess-14-965-2010 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 618XV UT WOS:000279390400010 ER PT J AU Dai, Z Li, C Trettin, C Sun, G Amatya, D Li, H AF Dai, Z. Li, C. Trettin, C. Sun, G. Amatya, D. Li, H. TI Bi-criteria evaluation of the MIKE SHE model for a forested watershed on the South Carolina coastal plain SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGICAL MODELS; CATCHMENT-SCALE; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; SIMULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY; FLATWOODS; EUROPEEN; FLORIDA; SYSTEM AB Hydrological models are important tools for effective management, conservation and restoration of forested wetlands. The objective of this study was to test a distributed hydrological model, MIKE SHE, by using bi-criteria (i.e., two measurable variables, streamflow and water table depth) to describe the hydrological processes in a forested watershed that is characteristic of the lower Atlantic Coastal Plain. Simulations were compared against observations of both streamflow and water table depth measured on a first-order watershed (WS80) on the Santee Experimental Forest in South Carolina, USA. Model performance was evaluated using coefficient of determination (R(2)) and Nash-Sutcliffe's model efficiency (E). The E and root mean squared error (RMSE) were chosen as objective functions for sensitivity analysis of parameters. The model calibration and validation results demonstrated that the streamflow and water table depth were sensitive to most of the model input parameters, especially to surface detention storage, drainage depth, soil hydraulic properties, plant rooting depth, and surface roughness. Furthermore, the bi-criteria approach used for distributed model calibration and validation was shown to be better than the single-criterion in obtaining optimum model input parameters, especially for those parameters that were only sensitive to some specific conditions. Model calibration using the bi-criteria approach should be advantageous for constructing the uncertainty bounds of model inputs to simulate the hydrology for this type of forested watersheds. R(2) varied from 0.60-0.99 for daily and monthly streamflow, and from 0.52-0.91 for daily water table depth. E changed from 0.53-0.96 for calibration and 0.51-0.98 for validation of daily and monthly streamflow, while E varied from 0.50-0.90 for calibration and 0.66-0.80 for validation of daily water table depth. This study showed that MIKE SHE could be a good candidate for simulating streamflow and water table depth in coastal plain watersheds. C1 [Dai, Z.; Li, C.] Univ New Hampshire, EOS, CSRC, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Trettin, C.; Amatya, D.; Li, H.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. [Sun, G.] US Forest Serv, S Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Dai, Z (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, EOS, CSRC, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM zdai@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2010 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1033 EP 1046 DI 10.5194/hess-14-1033-2010 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 618XV UT WOS:000279390400015 ER PT J AU Cammalleri, C Anderson, MC Ciraolo, G D'Urso, G Kustas, WP La Loggia, G Minacapilli, M AF Cammalleri, C. Anderson, M. C. Ciraolo, G. D'Urso, G. Kustas, W. P. La Loggia, G. Minacapilli, M. TI The impact of in-canopy wind profile formulations on heat flux estimation in an open orchard using the remote sensing-based two-source model SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; LEAF-AREA INDEX; PLANT CANOPIES; LAND SURFACES; NET-RADIATION; SOIL; TEMPERATURE; EVAPORATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ALGORITHM AB For open orchard and vineyard canopies containing significant fractions of exposed soil (>50%), typical of Mediterranean agricultural regions, the energy balance of the vegetation elements is strongly influenced by heat exchange with the bare soil/substrate. For these agricultural systems a "two-source" approach, where radiation and turbulent exchange between the soil and canopy elements are explicitly modelled, appears to be the only suitable methodology for reliably assessing energy fluxes. In strongly clumped canopies, the effective wind speed profile inside and below the canopy layer can strongly influence the partitioning of energy fluxes between the soil and vegetation components. To assess the impact of in-canopy wind profile on model flux estimates, an analysis of three different formulations is presented, including algorithms from Goudriaan (1977), Massman (1987) and Lalic et al. (2003). The in-canopy wind profile formulations are applied to the thermal-based two-source energy balance (TSEB) model developed by Norman et al. (1995) and modified by Kustas and Norman (1999). High resolution airborne remote sensing images, collected over an agricultural area located in the western part of Sicily (Italy) comprised primarily of vineyards, olive and citrus orchards, are used to derive all the input parameters needed to apply the TSEB. The images were acquired from June to October 2008 and include a relatively wide range of meteorological and soil moisture conditions. A preliminary sensitivity analysis of the three wind profile algorithms highlights the dependence of wind speed just above the soil/substrate to leaf area index and canopy height over the typical range of canopy properties encountered in these agricultural areas. It is found that differences among the models in wind just above the soil surface are most significant under sparse and medium fractional cover conditions (15-50%). The TSEB model heat flux estimates are compared with micro-meteorological measurements from a small aperture scintillometer and an eddy covariance tower collected over an olive orchard characterized by moderate fractional vegetation cover (approximate to 35%) and relatively tall crop (approximate to 3.5 m). TSEB fluxes for the 7 image acquisition dates generated using both the Massman and Goudriaan in-canopy wind profile formulations give close agreement with measured fluxes, while the Lalic et al. equations yield poor results. The Massman wind profile scheme slightly outperforms that of Goudriaan, but it requires an additional parameter accounting for the roughness sub-layer of the underlying vegetative surface. The analysis also suggests that within-canopy wind profile model discrepancies become important, in terms of impact on modelled sensible heat flux, only for sparse canopies with moderate vegetation coverage. C1 [Cammalleri, C.; Ciraolo, G.; La Loggia, G.] Univ Palermo, Dept Hydraul Engn & Environm Applicat DIIAA, Palermo, Italy. [Anderson, M. C.; Kustas, W. P.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [D'Urso, G.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Agr Engn & Agron, Naples, Italy. [Minacapilli, M.] Univ Palermo, Dept Engn & Agroforest Technol ITAF, Palermo, Italy. RP Cammalleri, C (reprint author), Univ Palermo, Dept Hydraul Engn & Environm Applicat DIIAA, Palermo, Italy. EM cammillino@gmail.com RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Cammalleri, Carmelo/B-4227-2010 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; Minacapilli, Mario/0000-0001-7125-5754; Ciraolo, Giuseppe/0000-0001-6627-0175; FU Sicilian Regional Government FX The authors thank the ENEA (Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente) for the helpful collaboration in the scintillometer installation management, the IBIMET (Istituto di Biometeorologia) of CNR-Bologna and the DCA (Dipartimento di Colture Arboree) of the Universita degli Studi di Palermo for the eddy covariance installation management, and the farm "Rocchetta di Angelo Consiglio" for kindly hosting the experiment. This work was partially funded by the DIFA projects of the Sicilian Regional Government within the Accordo di Programma Quadro "Societa dell'Informazione". NR 62 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2010 VL 14 IS 12 BP 2643 EP 2659 DI 10.5194/hess-14-2643-2010 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 698EX UT WOS:000285576800020 ER PT J AU Seibert, J McDonnell, JJ Woodsmith, RD AF Seibert, Jan McDonnell, Jeffrey J. Woodsmith, Richard D. TI Effects of wildfire on catchment runoff response: a modelling approach to detect changes in snow-dominated forested catchments SO HYDROLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE conceptual runoff model; Entiat; land-cover change; runoff change detection; wildfire ID MOUNTAIN-CATCHMENTS; PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY; WASHINGTON; POSTFIRE; FIRE; INFILTRATION; WATERSHEDS; SIMULATION; AUSTRALIA; NORTHWEST AB Wildfire is an important disturbance affecting hydrological processes through alteration of vegetation cover and soil characteristics. The effects of fire on hydrological systems at the catchment scale are not well known, largely because site specific data from both before and after wildfire are rare. In this study a modelling approach was employed for change detection analyses of one such dataset to quantify effects of wildfire on catchment hydrology. Data from the Entiat Experimental Forest (Washington State, US) were used, a conceptual runoff model was applied for pre- and post-fire periods and changes were analyzed in three different ways: reconstruction of runoff series, comparison of model parameters and comparison of simulations using parameter sets calibrated to the two different periods. On average, observed post-fire peak flows were 120% higher than those modelled based on pre-fire conditions. For the post-fire period, parameter values for the snow routine indicated deeper snow packs and earlier and more rapid snowmelt. The net effect of the changes in all parameters was largely increased post-fire peak flows. Overall, the analyses show that change detection modelling provides a viable alternative to the paired-watershed approach for analyzing wildfire disturbance effects on runoff dynamics and supports discussions on changes in hydrological processes. C1 [Seibert, Jan] Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. [Seibert, Jan] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary, Stockholm, Sweden. [McDonnell, Jeffrey J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Woodsmith, Richard D.] US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Seibert, J (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. EM jan.seibert@geo.uzh.ch RI Seibert, Jan/B-1432-2009 OI Seibert, Jan/0000-0002-6314-2124 NR 50 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 34 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1998-9563 J9 HYDROL RES JI Hydrol. Res. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 5 BP 378 EP 390 DI 10.2166/nh.2010.036 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 651GG UT WOS:000281914700002 ER PT S AU Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D AF Dale, Virginia H. Kling, Catherine L. Meyer, Judith L. Sanders, James Stallworth, Holly Armitage, Thomas Wangsness, David Bianchi, Thomas Blumberg, Alan Boynton, Walter Conley, Daniel J. Crumpton, William David, Mark Gilbert, Denis Howarth, Robert W. Lowrance, Richard Mankin, Kyle Opaluch, James Paerl, Hans Reckhow, Kenneth Sharpley, Andrew N. Simpson, Thomas W. Snyder, Clifford S. Wright, Donelson BA Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D BF Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D TI Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Introduction SO HYPOXIA IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; LOUISIANA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; CORN-SOYBEAN ROTATION; MULTISPECIES RIPARIAN BUFFERS; RATE PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION; CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; SITE-SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGIES; COASTAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS C1 [Kling, Catherine L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Meyer, Judith L.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sanders, James] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Stallworth, Holly; Armitage, Thomas] US EPA, Sci Advisory Board, Staff Off, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wangsness, David] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bianchi, Thomas] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Blumberg, Alan] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biomed & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Boynton, Walter] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Conley, Daniel J.] Lund Univ, Dept Geol, GeoBiosphere Sci Ctr, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Crumpton, William] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol EEOB, Environm Programs, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [David, Mark] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gilbert, Denis] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ocean & Environm Sci Branch, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Howarth, Robert W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lowrance, Richard] ARS, USDA, Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Mankin, Kyle] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Opaluch, James] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Econ, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Paerl, Hans] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Reckhow, Kenneth] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Sharpley, Andrew N.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Simpson, Thomas W.] Univ Maryland, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Chesapeake Bay Programs, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Snyder, Clifford S.] Int Plant Nutr Inst, Nitrogen Program, Conway, AR 72033 USA. [Wright, Donelson] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. NR 644 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0172-6161 BN 978-0-387-89685-4 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2010 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-89686-1_1 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-89686-1 PG 45 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BOE94 UT WOS:000276403900001 ER PT S AU Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D AF Dale, Virginia H. Kling, Catherine L. Meyer, Judith L. Sanders, James Stallworth, Holly Armitage, Thomas Wangsness, David Bianchi, Thomas Blumberg, Alan Boynton, Walter Conley, Daniel J. Crumpton, William David, Mark Gilbert, Denis Howarth, Robert W. Lowrance, Richard Mankin, Kyle Opaluch, James Paerl, Hans Reckhow, Kenneth Sharpley, Andrew N. Simpson, Thomas W. Snyder, Clifford S. Wright, Donelson BA Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D BF Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D TI Characterization of Hypoxia SO HYPOXIA IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kling, Catherine L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Meyer, Judith L.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sanders, James] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Stallworth, Holly; Armitage, Thomas] US EPA, Sci Advisory Board, Staff Off, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wangsness, David] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bianchi, Thomas] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Blumberg, Alan] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biomed & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Boynton, Walter] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Conley, Daniel J.] Lund Univ, Dept Geol, GeoBiosphere Sci Ctr, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Crumpton, William] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol EEOB, Environm Programs, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [David, Mark] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gilbert, Denis] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ocean & Environm Sci Branch, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Howarth, Robert W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lowrance, Richard] ARS, USDA, Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Mankin, Kyle] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Opaluch, James] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Econ, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Paerl, Hans] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Reckhow, Kenneth] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Sharpley, Andrew N.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Simpson, Thomas W.] Univ Maryland, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Chesapeake Bay Programs, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Snyder, Clifford S.] Int Plant Nutr Inst, Nitrogen Program, Conway, AR 72033 USA. [Wright, Donelson] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. OI Kling, Catherine L/0000-0002-4785-7154 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0172-6161 BN 978-0-387-89685-4 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2010 BP 9 EP 50 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-89686-1_2 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-89686-1 PG 42 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BOE94 UT WOS:000276403900002 ER PT S AU Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D AF Dale, Virginia H. Kling, Catherine L. Meyer, Judith L. Sanders, James Stallworth, Holly Armitage, Thomas Wangsness, David Bianchi, Thomas Blumberg, Alan Boynton, Walter Conley, Daniel J. Crumpton, William David, Mark Gilbert, Denis Howarth, Robert W. Lowrance, Richard Mankin, Kyle Opaluch, James Paerl, Hans Reckhow, Kenneth Sharpley, Andrew N. Simpson, Thomas W. Snyder, Clifford S. Wright, Donelson BA Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D BF Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D TI Nutrient Fate, Transport, and Sources SO HYPOXIA IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kling, Catherine L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Meyer, Judith L.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sanders, James] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Stallworth, Holly; Armitage, Thomas] US EPA, Sci Advisory Board, Staff Off, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wangsness, David] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bianchi, Thomas] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Blumberg, Alan] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biomed & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Boynton, Walter] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Conley, Daniel J.] Lund Univ, Dept Geol, GeoBiosphere Sci Ctr, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Crumpton, William] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol EEOB, Environm Programs, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [David, Mark] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gilbert, Denis] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ocean & Environm Sci Branch, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Howarth, Robert W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lowrance, Richard] ARS, USDA, Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Mankin, Kyle] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Opaluch, James] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Econ, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Paerl, Hans] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Reckhow, Kenneth] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Sharpley, Andrew N.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Simpson, Thomas W.] Univ Maryland, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Chesapeake Bay Programs, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Snyder, Clifford S.] Int Plant Nutr Inst, Nitrogen Program, Conway, AR 72033 USA. [Wright, Donelson] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. OI Kling, Catherine L/0000-0002-4785-7154 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0172-6161 BN 978-0-387-89685-4 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2010 BP 51 EP 109 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-89686-1_3 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-89686-1 PG 59 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BOE94 UT WOS:000276403900003 ER PT S AU Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D AF Dale, Virginia H. Kling, Catherine L. Meyer, Judith L. Sanders, James Stallworth, Holly Armitage, Thomas Wangsness, David Bianchi, Thomas Blumberg, Alan Boynton, Walter Conley, Daniel J. Crumpton, William David, Mark Gilbert, Denis Howarth, Robert W. Lowrance, Richard Mankin, Kyle Opaluch, James Paerl, Hans Reckhow, Kenneth Sharpley, Andrew N. Simpson, Thomas W. Snyder, Clifford S. Wright, Donelson BA Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D BF Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D TI Scientific Basis for Goals and Management Options SO HYPOXIA IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kling, Catherine L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Meyer, Judith L.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sanders, James] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Stallworth, Holly; Armitage, Thomas] US EPA, Sci Advisory Board, Staff Off, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wangsness, David] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bianchi, Thomas] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Blumberg, Alan] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biomed & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Boynton, Walter] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Conley, Daniel J.] Lund Univ, Dept Geol, GeoBiosphere Sci Ctr, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Crumpton, William] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol EEOB, Environm Programs, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [David, Mark] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gilbert, Denis] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ocean & Environm Sci Branch, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Howarth, Robert W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lowrance, Richard] ARS, USDA, Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Mankin, Kyle] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Opaluch, James] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Econ, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Paerl, Hans] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Reckhow, Kenneth] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Sharpley, Andrew N.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Simpson, Thomas W.] Univ Maryland, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Chesapeake Bay Programs, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Snyder, Clifford S.] Int Plant Nutr Inst, Nitrogen Program, Conway, AR 72033 USA. [Wright, Donelson] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. OI Kling, Catherine L/0000-0002-4785-7154 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0172-6161 BN 978-0-387-89685-4 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2010 BP 111 EP 204 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-89686-1_4 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-89686-1 PG 94 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BOE94 UT WOS:000276403900004 ER PT S AU Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D AF Dale, Virginia H. Kling, Catherine L. Meyer, Judith L. Sanders, James Stallworth, Holly Armitage, Thomas Wangsness, David Bianchi, Thomas Blumberg, Alan Boynton, Walter Conley, Daniel J. Crumpton, William David, Mark Gilbert, Denis Howarth, Robert W. Lowrance, Richard Mankin, Kyle Opaluch, James Paerl, Hans Reckhow, Kenneth Sharpley, Andrew N. Simpson, Thomas W. Snyder, Clifford S. Wright, Donelson BA Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D BF Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D TI Summary of Findings and Recommendations SO HYPOXIA IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kling, Catherine L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Meyer, Judith L.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sanders, James] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Stallworth, Holly; Armitage, Thomas] US EPA, Sci Advisory Board, Staff Off, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wangsness, David] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bianchi, Thomas] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Blumberg, Alan] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biomed & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Boynton, Walter] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Conley, Daniel J.] Lund Univ, Dept Geol, GeoBiosphere Sci Ctr, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Crumpton, William] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol EEOB, Environm Programs, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [David, Mark] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gilbert, Denis] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ocean & Environm Sci Branch, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Howarth, Robert W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lowrance, Richard] ARS, USDA, Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Mankin, Kyle] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Opaluch, James] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Econ, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Paerl, Hans] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Reckhow, Kenneth] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Sharpley, Andrew N.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Simpson, Thomas W.] Univ Maryland, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Chesapeake Bay Programs, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Snyder, Clifford S.] Int Plant Nutr Inst, Nitrogen Program, Conway, AR 72033 USA. [Wright, Donelson] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. OI Kling, Catherine L/0000-0002-4785-7154 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0172-6161 BN 978-0-387-89685-4 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2010 BP 205 EP 213 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-89686-1_5 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-89686-1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BOE94 UT WOS:000276403900005 ER PT S AU Rinehart, TA Pounders, CT AF Rinehart, T. A. Pounders, C. T. BE Sramek, F Dostalkova, J Chaloupakova, S TI Estimating Diversity among Lagerstroemia Species and Hybrids Using SSR Markers SO I INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WOODY ORNAMENTALS OF THE TEMPERATE ZONE SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Woody Ornamentals of the Temperate Zone CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Pruhonice, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE crapemyrtle; molecular markers; L. indica; L. fauriei; L. speciosa AB Lagerstroemia, native to south-eastern part of Asia, is one of the approximately 31 genera composing the Lythraceae family (Order: Myrtales) and there are approximately 80 species in the genus. Lagerstroemia indica, L. fauriei, L. speciosa and L. subcostata have been employed as ornamental plants, but only the first two have been extensively used in the breeding, selection, and development of modern crapemyrtle cultivars. The wide assortment of inflorescence colors, forms, and sizes, coupled with a long flowering period have increased the popularity of this genus. Cultivars with a broad range of plant sizes (from miniature <1 m shrubs to +10 m tall trees), growth habits (broad, upright, weeping), cold hardiness (Zones 6-10), disease resistance, and a range of bark characteristics and foliage fall colorations have been introduced by breeding programs over the last 30 years. In this study, DNA was extracted from leaf tissue from Lagerstroemia species and cultivars and analyzed for simple sequence repeat (SSR) variation. Objectives include assessment of marker utility in estimating species diversity, verifying L. indica and L. fauriei pedigrees of named cultivars, and unambiguous cultivar identification. C1 [Rinehart, T. A.; Pounders, C. T.] ARS, USDA, Southern Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Rinehart, TA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Southern Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-663-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 885 BP 285 EP 290 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BGO33 UT WOS:000323620500039 ER PT S AU Rinehart, TA Reed, SM AF Rinehart, T. A. Reed, S. M. BE Sramek, F Dostalkova, J Chaloupakova, S TI Using SSR Markers to Correctly Identify Hydrangea Germplasm, Assess Parentage, and Verify Hybrids SO I INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WOODY ORNAMENTALS OF THE TEMPERATE ZONE SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Woody Ornamentals of the Temperate Zone CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Pruhonice, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE Hydrangea macrophylla; molecular markers; bigleaf hydrangea ID MACROPHYLLA; DIVERSITY; RBCL AB Popularity and use of Hydrangea in the landscape has expanded rapidly in recent years with the addition of remontant varieties. Most cultivars in production belong to the species Hydrangea macrophylla but H. paniculata, H. arborescens, H. anomala, and H. quercifolia are also widely cultivated. In addition to species diversity, there is high intraspecies variation, particularly in H. macrophylla which includes two cultivated subspecies, mophead and lacecap inflorescence forms, French, Japanese, dwarf, and variegated varieties. Relatively little is known about the genetic background or combinability of these plants. Recently a molecular key for Hydrangea species was established and used to resolve taxonomy at the species level. Here microsatellite markers are used to verify interspecific hybrid between H. aspera and H. involucrata, determine the parentage of new H. macrophylla cultivars such as 'Midnight Duchess', 'Blushing Bride' and 'Queen of Pearls', to identify mislabeled cultivars, to confirm the renaming of cultivars, and to demonstrate that some similar-looking cultivars are actually genetically unique. The same technology can be applied to "true to name" guarantees; plant labeling disputes, and enhance plant patent applications. C1 [Rinehart, T. A.] ARS, USDA, Southern Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Rinehart, TA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Southern Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-663-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 885 BP 291 EP 296 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BGO33 UT WOS:000323620500040 ER PT S AU Roh, MS AF Roh, M. S. BE Sramek, F Dostalkova, J Chaloupakova, S TI Evaluation, Characterization, and Identification of Woody Landscape Plants SO I INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WOODY ORNAMENTALS OF THE TEMPERATE ZONE SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Woody Ornamentals of the Temperate Zone CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Pruhonice, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE landscape plants; seed germination; polymerase chain reaction; nuclear magnetic imaging; molecular markers ID MARKERS AB The objectives of the Woody Landscape Plants Germplasm Repository (WLPGR) program at the US National Arboretum (USNA) can be divided into a repository component and a research component. Repository components are to introduce, maintain, and distribute diverse and wild-origin genetic resources of trees and shrubs for landscape use. Research components include evaluation, characterization, and identification of germplasm. Seed germination in Styrax japonicus has been studied. Seeds require one month of warm stratification followed by two to three months of cold stratification to achieve greater than 85% germination within one month of sowing. Characterization of Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestriformis by cpDNA and SSR revealed that this taxon may be the hybrid, P. densiflora x P. sylvestris, rather than P. sylvestris var. sylvestriformis. Molecular markers including randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have also been utilized to study Ilex x wandoensis, Prunus taxa native to Korea including P. yedoensis from wild populations and cultivated sources, and Corylopsis including C. coreana, C. glabrescens and C. gotoana. A sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker differentiated a subgroup of seedlings from a natural cross of a white-berry form of Ardisia crenata with variegated foliage from a form of A. crenata with red berries. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-663-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 885 BP 297 EP 303 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BGO33 UT WOS:000323620500041 ER PT S AU Roh, MS McNamara, WA Barnes, C Yin, KP Wang, Q AF Roh, M. S. McNamara, W. A. Barnes, C. Yin, Kaipu Wang, Qian BE Sramek, F Dostalkova, J Chaloupakova, S TI Genetic Variations of Acer pentaphyllum Based on AFLP Analysis, Seed Germination, and Seed Morphology SO I INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WOODY ORNAMENTALS OF THE TEMPERATE ZONE SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Woody Ornamentals of the Temperate Zone CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Pruhonice, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE molecular markers; seed germination; morphology; genetic diversity ID MARKERS; DNA AB To study genetic variations of Acer pentaphyllum Diels, leaf samples were collected from three locations (Shade, Jiulong, and Yajiang) in Sichuan, China and were subjected to amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and sequence analysis of ribosomal protein L16 (rpL16) gene, internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS nrDNA), and the chloroplast tRNA-Leu (tRNA-Leu) gene of the limited accessions. All A. pentaphyllum accessions formed one major cluster and showed little genetic variation. This lack of genetic variation was considered to be attributed to the close proximity of the three localities along the Yalong River. However, significant variations in seed morphology were, observed. Seeds that sink when soaked in water germinated well without warm and cold stratification. C1 [Roh, M. S.] ARS, USDA, USNA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, USNA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-663-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 885 BP 305 EP 312 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BGO33 UT WOS:000323620500042 ER PT J AU Lushbough, C Bergman, MK Lawrence, CJ Jennewein, D Brendel, V AF Lushbough, Carol Bergman, Michael K. Lawrence, Carolyn J. Jennewein, Doug Brendel, Volker TI BioExtract Server-An Integrated Workflow-Enabling System to Access and Analyze Heterogeneous, Distributed Biomolecular Data SO IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Bioinformatics (genome or protein) databases; data integration; distributed architectures; heterogeneous databases; mash-up; scientific workflow automation ID BIOLOGICAL DATABASES; INFORMATION; SEQUENCES; TAXONOMY; SERVICES AB Many in silico investigations in bioinformatics require access to multiple, distributed data sources and analytic tools. The requisite data sources may include large public data repositories, community databases, and project databases for use in domain-specific research. Different data sources frequently utilize distinct query languages and return results in unique formats, and therefore researchers must either rely upon a small number of primary data sources or become familiar with multiple query languages and formats. Similarly, the associated analytic tools often require specific input formats and produce unique outputs which make it difficult to utilize the output from one tool as input to another. The BioExtract Server (http://bioextract.org) is a Web-based data integration application designed to consolidate, analyze, and serve data from heterogeneous biomolecular databases in the form of a mash-up. The basic operations of the BioExtract Server allow researchers, via their Web browsers, to specify data sources, flexibly query data sources, apply analytic tools, download result sets, and store query results for later reuse. As a researcher works with the system, their "steps" are saved in the background. At any time, these steps can be preserved long-term as a workflow simply by providing a workflow name and description. C1 [Lushbough, Carol; Jennewein, Doug] Univ S Dakota, Dept Comp Sci, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Bergman, Michael K.] VisualMetrics Corp, Coralville, IA 52241 USA. [Lawrence, Carolyn J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Crop Genome Informat Lab 1034, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Brendel, Volker] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lushbough, C (reprint author), Univ S Dakota, Dept Comp Sci, 414 E Clark St, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. EM Carol.Lushbough@usd.edu; mike@mkbergman.com; carolyn.lawrence@ars.usda.gov; Doug.Jennewein@usd.edu; vbrendel@iastate.edu FU National Human Genome Research Institute [2R44HG001850-03]; US National Science Foundation [DBI-0090732, DBI-0321600, DBI-0606909] FX The development of the FSDW System was originally funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute Grant 2R44HG001850-03 to Michael Bergman, VisualMetrics Corp. The BioExtract Server project was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation Grants DBI-0090732, DBI-0321600, and DBI-0606909 to Volker Brendel. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers and the editor Dr. Ludaescher for many helpful comments on earlier versions of their manuscript. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1545-5963 J9 IEEE ACM T COMPUT BI JI IEEE-ACM Trans. Comput. Biol. Bioinform. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 7 IS 1 BP 12 EP 24 DI 10.1109/TCBB.2008.98 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Mathematics GA 549ON UT WOS:000274063600002 PM 20150665 ER PT S AU Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO AF Trabelsi, Samir Nelson, Stuart. O. GP IEEE TI Microwave Moisture Sensor for Rapid and Nondestructive Grading of Peanuts SO IEEE SOUTHEASTCON 2010: ENERGIZING OUR FUTURE SE IEEE SoutheastCon-Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE SoutheastCon 2010 Conference on Energizing Our Future CY MAR 18-21, 2010 CL Concord, NC SP IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Charlotte Sect, IEEE NC Council AB A low-cost microwave moisture sensor operating at a single frequency for instantaneous and nondestructive determination of moisture content in peanut kernels from microwave dielectric measurements on peanut pods was developed and tested. The sensor operates at a frequency of 5.8 GHz and uses the principle of free-space transmission measurement of the dielectric properties. Moisture content is determined independent of bulk density with a permittivity-based algorithm. C1 [Trabelsi, Samir; Nelson, Stuart. O.] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. EM samir.trabelsi@ars.usda.gov; stuart.nelson@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-0050 BN 978-1-4244-5853-0 J9 IEEE SOUTHEASTCON PY 2010 BP 57 EP 59 DI 10.1109/SECON.2010.5453815 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTM89 UT WOS:000287373300015 ER PT S AU Cantrell, KB Martin, JH AF Cantrell, K. B. Martin, J. H., II GP IEEE TI An Integrated, Semi-Automated Approach to Thermochemical Conversion Research for Sustainable Farming Systems SO IEEE SOUTHEASTCON 2010: ENERGIZING OUR FUTURE SE IEEE SoutheastCon-Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE SoutheastCon 2010 Conference on Energizing Our Future CY MAR 18-21, 2010 CL Concord, NC SP IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Charlotte Sect, IEEE NC Council ID ENERGY-PRODUCTION; BIOMASS; WASTE; OPPORTUNITIES; FUELS AB An integrated, semi-automated system is presented for the rapid and efficient testing and production of research-scale quantities of biochar. This biochar, produced from agricultural waste materials, can easily be incorporated in future sustainable livestock farming systems. These farming systems will be able to diversify farm income by generating a consistent, predictable, marketable product. Before biochar is incorporated into production systems, it needs to be assessed for its potential to improve soil or crop systems or produce energy. To assess the potential of biochar and proceed quickly from experimental design to experimental results, a variety of analytical instrumentation, control technologies, and processing technologies were brought together to decrease analysis time and double production of a wide variety of biochar types. C1 [Cantrell, K. B.; Martin, J. H., II] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. RP Cantrell, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. EM keri.cantrell@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-0050 BN 978-1-4244-5853-0 J9 IEEE SOUTHEASTCON PY 2010 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1109/SECON.2010.5453812 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTM89 UT WOS:000287373300024 ER PT S AU Nelson, SO Trabelsi, S AF Nelson, Stuart O. Trabelsi, Samir GP IEEE TI Measurement of Grain and Seed Microwave Permittivity for Moisture and Density Determination SO IEEE SOUTHEASTCON 2010: ENERGIZING OUR FUTURE SE IEEE SoutheastCon-Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE SoutheastCon 2010 Conference on Energizing Our Future CY MAR 18-21, 2010 CL Concord, NC SP IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Charlotte Sect, IEEE NC Council ID DENT FIELD CORN; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; BULK-DENSITY; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; CEREAL-GRAINS; WHEAT; DEPENDENCE; PARAMETERS; SENSORS AB The importance of moisture measurement in grain and seed is discussed, and a brief history of the development of moisture sensing instruments, based on sensing of dielectric properties of these materials, is presented. Data are presented graphically on the permittivities or dielectric properties of wheat, showing their variation with frequency and moisture content, and references are cited for further information. More recent developments on microwave measurements for moisture content and bulk density sensing are briefly described, and numerous studies are cited providing sources of information on these promising techniques. C1 [Nelson, Stuart O.; Trabelsi, Samir] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM stuart.nelson@ars.usda.gov; samir.trabelsi@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-0050 BN 978-1-4244-5853-0 J9 IEEE SOUTHEASTCON PY 2010 BP 463 EP 466 DI 10.1109/SECON.2010.5453809 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTM89 UT WOS:000287373300112 ER PT S AU Keith, LM Zee, FT AF Keith, L. M. Zee, F. T. BE Rohde, W Fermin, G TI Guava Diseases in Hawaii and the Characterization of Pestalotiopsis spp. Affecting Guava SO II INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GUAVA AND OTHER MYRTACEAE SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Guava and Other Myrtaceae CY NOV 17-18, 2008 CL Aguascalientes, MEXICO DE Psidium guajava; scabby canker AB Guava (Psidium guajava L.), one of the most widely grown plants in the tropics, is very susceptible to disease which can decrease its marketability. Leaf and fruit spot diseases commonly occur on guava grown in Hawaii. A disease survey was conducted on more than 50 accessions grown at the USDA/ARS Tropical Plant Genetic Resource and Disease Research Unit in Hilo, Hawaii. The four main fungi isolated from leaves and fruit were Pestalotiopsis, Colletotrichum, Mucor and Guignardia. Disease symptoms of these fungi were visible on leaves without fruit present, and on the skin of young fruits (pinhead size) which progressed as fruits matured. The highest disease incidence by far (>85%) was for Pestalotiopsis spp. The main diagnostic symptoms were grey/light brown lesions surrounded by dark brown borders on leaves and brown, raised, corky, necrotic lesions on the exocarp of fruit. The Pestalotiopsis spp. were isolated, identified and characterized. Pathogenicity was demonstrated on wound-inoculated fruit and leaves by fulfilling Koch's postulates. Potential sources of host resistance were identified in the germplasm. The importance of Pestalotiopsis as a guava pathogen and its cross-infection potential are discussed. C1 [Keith, L. M.; Zee, F. T.] ARS, Trop Plant Genet Resource & Dis Res Unit, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Keith, LM (reprint author), ARS, Trop Plant Genet Resource & Dis Res Unit, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66050-18-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 849 BP 269 EP 275 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDN84 UT WOS:000314097800031 ER PT S AU Suzuki, JY Tripathi, S Fermin, GA Jan, FJ Hou, SB Saw, JH Ackerman, CM Yu, QY Schatz, MC Pitz, KY Yepes, M Fitch, MMM Manshardt, RM Slightom, JL Ferreira, SA Salzberg, SL Alam, M Ming, R Moore, PH Gonsalves, D AF Suzuki, J. Y. Tripathi, S. Fermin, G. A. Jan, Fuh-Jyh Hou, Shaobin Saw, J. H. Ackerman, C. M. Yu, Qingyi Schatz, M. C. Pitz, K. Y. Yepes, M. Fitch, M. M. M. Manshardt, R. M. Slightom, J. L. Ferreira, S. A. Salzberg, S. L. Alam, M. Ming, R. Moore, P. H. Gonsalves, D. BE Kumar, N Soorianathasundaram, K Jeyakumar, P TI Efforts to Deregulate Rainbow Papaya in Japan: Molecular Characterization of Transgene and Vector Inserts SO II INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PAPAYA SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Papaya CY DEC 09-12, 2008 CL Madurai, INDIA DE genetically engineered; Papaya ringspot virus; particle bombardment; rainbow papaya; SunUp papaya; transgene ID RINGSPOT VIRUS; GENOME; GENE AB Transformation plasmid-derived insert number and insert site sequence in 55-1 line papaya derivatives Rainbow and SunUp was determined as part of a larger petition to allow its import into Japan (Suzuki et al., 2007, 2008). Three insertions were detected by Southern analysis and their corresponding sequences determined by clones (Fermin, 2002) or via the whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequence database of SunUp (Ming et al., 2008). All functional transgenes including the coat protein (CP) gene that confers resistance to PRSV, and visible and selectable marker genes, uidA encoding glucuronidase (GUS) and nptII encoding neomycin phosphotransferase II were found in a single 9,789 basepair (bp) insert referred to as the functional transgene. The two other insertion sites consisted of a 290 bp nonfunctional sequence of the nptII gene and a 1,533 bp plasmid-derived fragment containing a nonfunctional 222 bp segment of the tetA gene. Detection of the same three inserts in Rainbow and in samples of SunUp representing transgenic generations five to eight (R5 to R8) suggests that the inserts are stable. Five out of the six genomic DNA segments flanking the three inserts were nuclear plastid sequences (nupts). No changes to endogenous gene function based on sequence structure of the transformation plasmid DNA insertion sites could be determined and no allergenic or toxic proteins were predicted from analysis of the insertion site and flanking genomic DNA. These results should support a positive review of the petition to allow the import and consumption of Rainbow and its derivatives in Japan, which is currently in its final stages. Export of Rainbow papaya to Japan will greatly benefit the local papaya industry in Hawaii and will provide a case for testing consumer acceptance of genetically engineered fresh products in Japan. C1 [Suzuki, J. Y.; Tripathi, S.; Fitch, M. M. M.; Moore, P. H.; Gonsalves, D.] USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Fermin, G. A.] Univ Los Andes, Ctr Jardin Bot, Merida, Venezuela. [Jan, Fuh-Jyh] Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung, Taiwan. [Hou, Shaobin; Saw, J. H.; Alam, M.] Univ Hawaii, Adv Studies Gen Proteom & Bioinformat, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ackerman, C. M.; Yu, Qingyi; Ming, R.] Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Schatz, M. C.; Salzberg, S. L.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Bioinformat & Computat Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tripathi, S.; Pitz, K. Y.; Ferreira, S. A.] Univ Hawaii, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Yepes, M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, New York, NY 14456 USA. [Manshardt, R. M.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Slightom, J. L.] AureoGen Biosci, Kalamazoo, MI 49009 USA. [Saw, J. H.; Alam, M.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Microbiol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ming, R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Suzuki, JY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66050-65-5 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 851 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDJ71 UT WOS:000313555600035 ER PT J AU Monath, TP Kahn, LH Kaplan, B AF Monath, Thomas P. Kahn, Laura H. Kaplan, Bruce TI Introduction: One Health Perspective SO ILAR JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Monath, Thomas P.] Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers Pandem Preparedn, Cambridge, MA USA. [Kahn, Laura H.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Program Sci & Global Secur, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kaplan, Bruce] CDC, Washington, DC USA. [Kaplan, Bruce] USDA FSIS, Washington, DC USA. RP Kaplan, B (reprint author), 4748 Hamlets Grove Dr, Sarasota, FL 34235 USA. EM bkapdvm@verizon.net NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 8 PU INST LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH, NATL RES COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, N W, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 1084-2020 J9 ILAR J JI ILAR J. PY 2010 VL 51 IS 3 BP 193 EP 198 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 736LI UT WOS:000288495800001 PM 21131719 ER PT J AU Willard, RR Shappell, NW Meekin, JH Talbot, NC Caperna, TJ AF Willard, Ryan R. Shappell, Nancy W. Meekin, John H. Talbot, Neil C. Caperna, Thomas J. TI Cytochrome P450 expression profile of the PICM-19H pig liver cell line: potential application to rapid liver toxicity assays SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE Cell; Cytochrome; Liver; Hepatocyte; Toxicology ID IN-VITRO; BIOARTIFICIAL LIVER; PORCINE HEPATOCYTES; PRIMARY CULTURES; AFLATOXIN B-1; ACETAMINOPHEN; CYTOTOXICITY; MODELS; METABOLISM; OXIDATION AB Liver in vitro models are needed to replace animal models for rapid assessment of drug biotransformation and toxicity. The PICM-19 pig liver stem cell line may fulfill this need since these cells have activities associated with xenobiotic phase I and II metabolism lacking in other liver cell lines. The objective of this study was to characterize phase I and II metabolic functions of a PICM-19 derivative cell line, PICM-19H, compared to the tumor-derived human HepG2 C3A cell line and primary cultures of adult porcine hepatocytes. Following exposure of PICM-19H cells to either 3-methylcholanthrene, rifampicin or phenobarbital, the induced activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isozymes CYP-1A, -2, and-3A were assessed. Relative to adult porcine hepatocytes, PICM-19H cells exhibited 30% and 43%, respectively, of CYP1A and 3A activities, while HepG2 C3A cells exhibited 7% and 0% of those activities. Fluorescent metabolites were extensively conjugated, i.e., 52% and 96% of CYP450-1A and-3A metabolites were released from medium samples following treatment with beta-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase. Rifampicin induction of CYP450 isozyme activities was confirmed by conversion of testosterone to 6 beta-OH-, 2 alpha-OH- and 2 beta-OH-testosterone, as determined by mass spectrometry. Susceptibility of PICM-19H cells to acetaminophen toxicity was determined; CD(50) was calculated to be 14.9 +/- 0.9 mM. Toxicity and bioactivation of aflatoxin B1 was determined in 3-methylcholanthrene-treated cultures and untreated controls; CD(50) were 1.59 mu M and 31 mu M, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential use of PICM-19H cells in drug biotransformation and toxicity testing and further support their use in extracorporeal artificial liver device technology. C1 [Willard, Ryan R.; Talbot, Neil C.; Caperna, Thomas J.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Shappell, Nancy W.] ARS, USDA, Anim Metab Unit, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Meekin, John H.] Hepalife Technol Inc, Boston, MA 02109 USA. RP Talbot, NC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Bldg 200,Rm 13,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM neil.talbot@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s11626-009-9244-z PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 559UB UT WOS:000274852400003 PM 19915937 ER PT B AU Hoffmann, EM Selje-Assmann, N Becker, K Wallace, RJ Broderick, GA AF Hoffmann, Ellen M. Selje-Assmann, Natascha Becker, Klaus Wallace, R. John Broderick, Glen A. BE Vercoe, PE Makkar, HPS Schlink, AC TI Screening for Anti-proteolytic Compounds SO IN VITRO SCREENING OF PLANT RESOURCES FOR EXTRA-NUTRITIONAL ATTRIBUTES IN RUMINANTS: NUCLEAR AND RELATED METHODOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on the Alternative Feed Resources - A Key Livestock Intensification in Developing Countries CY SEP, 2006 CL ENGLAND SP FAO, IAEA Div, Writtle Coll ID RUMINAL PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; AMINO-ACIDS; RUMEN; SOYBEANS; RATES; ASSAY; EXTRACTS; FORAGE; MODEL; COWS C1 [Hoffmann, Ellen M.; Selje-Assmann, Natascha; Becker, Klaus] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Anim Prod Trop & Subtrop, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. [Wallace, R. John] Rowett Res Inst, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Broderick, Glen A.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Hoffmann, EM (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim, Inst Anim Prod Trop & Subtrop, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. EM Inst480@uni-hohenheim.de NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-3296-6 PY 2010 BP 55 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3297-3_5 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA BOD30 UT WOS:000276267700005 ER PT J AU Hadjigeorgalis, E AF Hadjigeorgalis, Ereney BE Bjornlund, H TI Incorporating the environment into the market: The case of water trusts and environmental water transfers in the western United States SO INCENTIVES AND INSTRUMENTS FOR SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Endangered species act; In-stream flows; Water markets; Water trusts AB As population growth and urbanization accelerate, it is becoming increasingly difficult to meet competing demands for water resources without detrimental impacts on the environment. Nonetheless, a healthy aquatic ecosystem is essential to the sustainability of irrigation and food production in the coming decades. One solution that holds promise for environmental water flows is to incorporate the environment into the market. This has been accomplished to a certain extent in the western United States where federal, state, and nonprofit entities have engaged in environmental water transfers to augment stream flows. This chapter discusses the evolution of the market for environmental water in the western United States and the institutional structures that have both facilitated and obstructed efforts to restore and enhance stream flows. It reviews the institutional and legal basis of water management in the western United States as espoused in the doctrine of prior appropriation, the beneficial use clause, and the provisions of the Endangered Species Act with respect to water flows. It then gives a description of federal provision of water for in-stream flows as well as the various nonprofit water trusts that have arisen in the Pacific Northwest. This chapter concludes with a look to the future of private efforts to fill a niche in environmental resource management in the western United States. C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Hadjigeorgalis, E (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84564-406-2 PY 2010 BP 107 EP 121 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BWY28 UT WOS:000295289500008 ER PT J AU Russo, VM Bruton, BD Sams, CE AF Russo, V. M. Bruton, B. D. Sams, C. E. TI Classification of temperature response in germination of Brassicas SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Biofumigation; Chamber; Line; Temperature; Time; Total germination; Variety ID CANOLA; EMERGENCE; STRESS AB Since soil temperature affects germination and emergence of Brassica nopus L., mustard [B. juncea (L) Czerniak. and Sinapsis alba L.], and Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz.] planting dates have to be adjusted to prevent crop failures. These crops can be used as biofuel feedstocks and some mustard varieties can be used as a soil biofumigant. Knowledge of germination temperature optima/range for brassicas is critical for inclusion of these crops into crop rotations. The B. napus varieties 'Clearwater'(UI-C-1).'DKW 13-86' (Roundup (R) ready), and 'Gem'(UI-G-1); the mustards 'Caliente 61', 'Florida Broad leaf, 'Idagold', 'Kodiak Brown', and 'Pacific Gold', and the Camelina line 'NEB C-1' were germinated in the dark in Petri-dishes at 4, 10, 16. 21, 27 or 32 degrees C for up to 12 days. The shortest time to maximum germination (2 days) for all but 'Florida Broadleaf and 'Kodiak Brown' occurred at 16 degrees C. 'NEB C-1' had the greatest percent germination at all temperatures except 32 degrees C where it was lower; 'DKW 13-86' decreased with increased temperature; 'Clearwater', 'Gem', 'Pacific Gold' and 'Kodiak Brown' had optimum germination between temperature extremes; 'Caliente 61' had the lowest maximum percent germination at 4 degrees C: 'Florida Broadleaf' had increased germination with increased temperature, and germination of 'Idagold' was not affected by temperature. Variability in Brassica seed germination in response to temperature indicates that there may be the opportunity for flexibility in the planting dates over which these crops can be sown. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Russo, V. M.; Bruton, B. D.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Sams, C. E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, 911 Highway 3W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM vincent.russo@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 31 IS 1 BP 48 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.08.007 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 538GO UT WOS:000273172800007 ER PT J AU Coffelt, TA Nakayama, FS AF Coffelt, T. A. Nakayama, F. S. TI Determining optimum harvest time for guayule latex and biomass SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Breeding; Germplasm evaluation; Hypoallergenic latex; Latex yield; Plant growth; Biomass; Latex analysis; Harvest date ID PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; RUBBER; GROWTH; RESIN AB Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a perennial shrub native to the Chihuahuan Desert of Northern Mexico and the Big Bend area of southwest Texas. One of the most valuable products from guayule is its hypoallergenic latex. However, little research has been done on the optimum harvest time for latex concentration and yield. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum harvest time during the growth cycle for latex content, plant biomass, and latex yield of guayule. Treatments consisted of three guayule lines (11591. AZ3, and G7-11TC) harvested every other month for 2 years. Plants were transplanted on 4 April 1995 at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center, Maricopa, Arizona. Harvesting began in March 1998 and continued every other month through January 2000. Samples were analyzed for latex concentration and total biomass. Latex yields were calculated as the product of the latex concentration times the dry plant biomass. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Results varied among lines and harvest dates. There appears to be enough differences among lines that planting lines selected for different optimum harvest dates would allow growers to spread the optimum harvest time throughout most of the year. This would also benefit processors by allowing them to reduce their production costs by spreading the harvest over several months instead of only a few months. More research must be done to determine whether specific environmental factors can be associated with the optimum harvest time and line specific harvesting guides such as growing degree days or other methods for determining optimum harvest date can be utilized in guayule. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Coffelt, T. A.; Nakayama, F. S.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Coffelt, TA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM terry.coffelt@ars.usda.gov FU Fund for Rural America [97-36200:FRS306180] FX The research was supported in part by a grant from the Fund for Rural America #97-36200:FRS306180. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 31 IS 1 BP 131 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.09.015 PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 538GO UT WOS:000273172800019 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Tew, T Panella, L Klasson, T AF Eggleston, Gillian Tew, Thomas Panella, Lee Klasson, Thomas BE Singh, BP TI Ethanol from Sugar Crops SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND USES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION; CELLULOSIC ETHANOL; PRETREATMENT; BIOMATERIALS; TECHNOLOGIES; CONVERSION; BIOFUELS; ALCOHOL; BAGASSE; SORGHUM C1 [Eggleston, Gillian; Klasson, Thomas] USDA ARS SRRC, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA. [Panella, Lee] USDA ARS NPA, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Tew, Thomas] SRRC USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS SRRC, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA. EM Eggleston@ARS.USDA.GOV; Thomas.Tew@ARS.USDA.GOV; Lee.Panella@ARS.USDA.GOV; Thomas.klasson@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 95 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-616-7 PY 2010 BP 60 EP 83 DI 10.1079/9781845936167.0060 D2 10.1079/9781845936167.0000 PG 24 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BVY23 UT WOS:000293125000005 ER PT J AU Zhao, RY Wu, XR Bean, S Wang, DH AF Zhao, Renyong Wu, Xiaorong Bean, Scott Wang, Donghai BE Singh, BP TI Ethanol from Grain Crops SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND USES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; FUEL ALCOHOL PRODUCTION; PROTEIN-RICH MATERIAL; HULL-LESS BARLEY; CORN FIBER; BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION; STARCH DIGESTIBILITY; WHEAT-VARIETIES; COOKED SORGHUM; THIN STILLAGE C1 [Zhao, Renyong] Hunan Univ Technol, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China. [Wu, Xiaorong; Wang, Donghai] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bean, Scott] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Zhao, RY (reprint author), Hunan Univ Technol, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China. EM zry8600@hotmail.com; xwu3786@k-state.edu; Scott.Bean@ARS.USDA.GOV; dwang@ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 112 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-616-7 PY 2010 BP 84 EP 103 DI 10.1079/9781845936167.0084 D2 10.1079/9781845936167.0000 PG 20 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BVY23 UT WOS:000293125000006 ER PT J AU Takamizawa, K Anderson, W Singh, HP AF Takamizawa, Kazuhiro Anderson, William Singh, Hari P. BE Singh, BP TI Ethanol from Lignocellulosic Crops SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND USES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SWITCHGRASS PANICUM-VIRGATUM; BICOLOR L. MOENCH; DILUTE-ACID PRETREATMENT; CELL-WALL COMPOSITION; WESTERN CORN-BELT; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; ZYMOBACTER-PALMAE; ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS; PICHIA-STIPITIS C1 [Takamizawa, Kazuhiro] Gifu Univ, Dept Appl Biol Sci, Gifu, Japan. [Singh, Hari P.] Ft Valley State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA USA. [Anderson, William] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Takamizawa, K (reprint author), Gifu Univ, Dept Appl Biol Sci, Gifu, Japan. EM tak2003@gifu-u.ac.jp; Bill.Anderson@ARS.USDA.GOV; singhh@fvsu.edu NR 173 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-616-7 PY 2010 BP 104 EP 139 DI 10.1079/9781845936167.0104 D2 10.1079/9781845936167.0000 PG 36 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BVY23 UT WOS:000293125000007 ER PT J AU Campbell, BT Hinze, L AF Campbell, B. Todd Hinze, Lori BE Singh, BP TI Cotton Production, Processing and Uses of Cotton Raw Material SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND USES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UPLAND COTTON; MOLECULAR MARKERS; PLANT; GERMPLASM; GENES C1 [Campbell, B. Todd] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. [Hinze, Lori] USDA ARS Coll Stn, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. RP Campbell, BT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. EM Todd.Campbell@ARS.USDA.GOV; Lori.Hinze@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-616-7 PY 2010 BP 259 EP 276 DI 10.1079/9781845936167.0259 D2 10.1079/9781845936167.0000 PG 18 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BVY23 UT WOS:000293125000013 ER PT J AU Ray, DT Foster, MA Coffelt, TA McMahan, C AF Ray, Dennis T. Foster, Michael A. Coffelt, Terry A. McMahan, Colleen BE Singh, BP TI Guayule: Culture, Breeding and Rubber Production SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND USES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM-GRAY; WATER-STRESS INDEX; IRRIGATED GUAYULE; SEED-GERMINATION; IGE ANTIBODIES; PLANT-GROWTH; LATEX; RESIN; REGISTRATION; YIELDS C1 [Ray, Dennis T.] Univ Arizona, Div Hort & Crop Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Foster, Michael A.] Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Pecos, TX USA. [Coffelt, Terry A.] USDA ARS, New Crops Plant Physiol & Genet Res Unit, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [McMahan, Colleen] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, PWA, WRRC CIU, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ray, DT (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Div Hort & Crop Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM dtray@email.arizona.edu; ma-foster@tamu.edu; Terry.Coffelt@ARS.USDA.GOV; Colleen.McMahan@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 159 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-616-7 PY 2010 BP 384 EP 410 DI 10.1079/9781845936167.0384 D2 10.1079/9781845936167.0000 PG 27 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BVY23 UT WOS:000293125000019 ER PT B AU Pope, KL Lochmann, SE Young, MK AF Pope, Kevin L. Lochmann, Steve E. Young, Michael K. BE Hubert, WA Quist, MC TI Methods for Assessing Fish Populations SO INLAND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI-LEWISI; WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; LIFE-HISTORY; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROWN TROUT; CHINOOK SALMON; BODY CONDITION; YELLOW PERCH; DNA ANALYSIS C1 [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Lochmann, Steve E.] Univ Arkansas, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. [Young, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Pope, KL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 402 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 NR 118 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-16-5 PY 2010 BP 325 EP 351 PG 27 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BSB43 UT WOS:000284075600011 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Porto-Fett, ACS Call, JE Marks, HB Tamplin, ML Luchansky, JB AF Juneja, Vijay K. Porto-Fett, Anna C. S. Call, Jeffrey E. Marks, Harry B. Tamplin, Mark L. Luchansky, John B. TI Thermal inactivation of Bacillus anthracis Sterne in irradiated ground beef heated in a water bath or cooked on commercial grills SO INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; Ground beef; Pathogen; Biosecurity; Food safety ID STEAROTHERMOPHILUS SPORES; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; VEGETATIVE CELLS; RESISTANCE; STRAINS; MILK; MINERALIZATION; TEMPERATURES; CEREUS; INJURY AB The thermal stability of heat-shocked and non-heat-shocked spores of the virulence-attenuated Sterne strain of Bacillus anthracis was evaluated at select temperatures in irradiated, raw ground beef (25% fat) heated in a water bath or cooked using two different commercial grills. For the former, 3-g portions of inoculated ground beef were packaged in bags that were completely immersed in a temperature-control led circulating water bath held at 65 degrees C (149 degrees F), 70 degrees C (158 degrees F). 75 degrees(167 degrees F), and 80 degrees C (176 degrees F) for a predetermined length of time. For the latter, formed ground beef patties (95-g each) were inoculated with spore stock A or B of the Sterne strain and then cooked on a commercial open-flame gas grill or on a commercial clamshell electric grill to achieve target internal temperatures of either 71.1 degrees C (160 degrees F), 82.2 degrees C (180 degrees F), or 93.3 degrees C (200 degrees F). Cooking ground beef patties on commercial grills, resulted in reductions of ca. 0.8 to 3.5 log(10) CFU/g for spore stocks A and B of B. anthracis Sterne after heating to 71.1 degrees C (160 degrees F), 82.2 degrees C (180 degrees F), or 93.3 degrees C (200 degrees F) on either the open-flame gas grill which required ca. 9.6 min to reach the target internal temperatures or on the clamshell electric grill which required ca. 4.0 min to reach the target internal temperatures. In comparison, our data using a water bath system and heating at 65 degrees to 80 degrees C predict nearly 4 log reductions in spore levels for short times, similar to 1/2 min, depending possibly on the temperature. Thus, our data suggest that models based on heating ground beef in a water bath is not a good predictor of reductions of levels of spores of B. anthracis Sterne strain that would be obtained when cooking ground beef patties on commercial grills under conditions that may be typically used by consumers and/or retail establishments. Nevertheless, our data validated that cooking ground beef patties on a commercial grill at a temperature considered to be "well-done" and a temperature (71.1 degrees C: 160 degrees F) recommended by the USDA/FSIS, is effective at killing spores of B. anthracis Sterne. Industrial relevance: Heating ground beef in a water bath or cooking ground beef patties on commercial grills under conditions simulating those that are used by consumers and/or that occur in retail food service establishments is effective at killing spores of B. anthracis Sterne. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Juneja, Vijay K.; Porto-Fett, Anna C. S.; Call, Jeffrey E.; Luchansky, John B.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Marks, Harry B.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Tamplin, Mark L.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Agr Sci, Tasmanian Inst Agr Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM vijay.juneja@ars.usda.gov FU National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center; USDA/FSIS; USDA/ARS FX We extend our appreciation to the following individuals at the USDA/ARS/ERRC in Wyndmoor, PA, who in large measure contributed to the successful completion of this study by sharing their time, talents, resources, and opinions: Brad Shoyer, Rosemary Martinjuk, John Cherry, Angie Martinez, Ellen Sanders, John Phillips, and the "ERRC Bio-Security Special Projects Team". For these same reasons, we are extremely grateful to our colleagues from the USDA/FSIS, namely Lynda Kelley and Robert Phillips (Athens, GA) and Tim Mohr (Omaha, NE). This research was supported, in part, by the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, the USDA/FSIS, and the USDA/ARS. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1466-8564 J9 INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG JI Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.ifset.2009.08.011 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 556OI UT WOS:000274600100017 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Marks, H Thippareddi, HH AF Juneja, Vijay K. Marks, Harry Thippareddi, Harshavardhan H. TI Predictive model for growth of Clostridium perfringens during cooling of cooked ground pork SO INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE Clostridium perfringens; Cooling; Cooked pork; Spores ID FOODBORNE DISEASE OUTBREAKS; UNITED-STATES; FOOD; BEEF; MEAT; SURVEILLANCE; PATHOGENS; VEHICLES; ILLNESS AB A predictive dynamic model for Clostridium perfringens spore germination and outgrowth in cooked pork products during cooling is presented. Cooked. ground pork was inoculated with C. perfringens spores and vacuum packaged. For the isothermal experiments, all samples were incubated in a water bath stabilized at selected temperatures between 10 and 51 degrees C and sampled periodically. For dynamic experiments, the samples were cooled from 54.4 to 27 degrees C and subsequently from 27 to 4 degrees C for different time periods, designated as x and y hours. respectively. The growth models used were based on a model developed by Baranyi and Roberts (1994), which incorporates a constant, referred to as the physiological state constant, q(0). The value of this constant captures the cells' history before the cooling begins. To estimate specific growth rates, data from isothermal experiments were used, from which a secondary model was developed, based on a particular form of Ratkowsky's 4-parameter equation. Using the data from dynamic experiments and the Ratkowsky model, an optimal value of q(0) (=0.01375) was derived minimizing the mean square error of predictions. However, using this estimate, the model had a tendency to over-predict relative growth when there was observed small amounts of relative growth, and under-predict relative growth when there was observed large relative growth. To provide more fail-safe estimates, rather than using the derived value of q(0), a value of 0.04 is recommended. The predictive model with this value of q(0) would provide more fail-safe estimates of relative growth and could aid producers and regulatory agencies with determining disposition of products that were subjected to cooling deviations. Industrial relevance: Safe time/temperature for cooling of cooked pork is very important to guard against the pathogen in cooked products. Predictive model will assist industry to determine compliance with regulatory performance standards and to ensure microbiological safety of cooked products. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Juneja, Vijay K.] Agr Res Serv, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Marks, Harry] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Thippareddi, Harshavardhan H.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM vijay.juneja@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1466-8564 J9 INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG JI Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 BP 146 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.ifset.2009.10.010 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 556OI UT WOS:000274600100020 ER PT J AU Howard, RW AF Howard, Ralph W. BA Blomquist, GJ Bagneres, AG BF Blomquist, GJ Bagneres, AG TI INSECT HYDROCARBONS BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND CHEMICAL ECOLOGY Foreword SO INSECT HYDROCARBONS: BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Howard, Ralph W.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89814-0 PY 2010 BP IX EP X DI 10.1017/CBO9780511711909.001 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511711909 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA BEG10 UT WOS:000316452700001 ER PT J AU Buckner, JS AF Buckner, James S. BA Blomquist, GJ Bagneres, AG BF Blomquist, GJ Bagneres, AG TI Oxygenated derivatives of hydrocarbons SO INSECT HYDROCARBONS: BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENTS; METHYL-BRANCHED ALCOHOLS; INSECT CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; BLATTELLA-GERMANICA L; FIR TUSSOCK MOTH; LONG-CHAIN; MANDUCA-SEXTA; GEOMETRID MOTH; COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX; PHILANTHUS-TRIANGULUM C1 USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Buckner, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 103 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89814-0 PY 2010 BP 187 EP 203 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511711909.010 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511711909 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA BEG10 UT WOS:000316452700010 ER PT J AU Blank, SM Vilhelmsen, L Smith, DR AF Blank, Stephan M. Vilhelmsen, Lars Smith, David R. TI Ophrynon (Hymenoptera: Orussidae) in California: diversity, distribution and phylogeny SO INSECT SYSTEMATICS & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE New species; western Nearctic; biogeography ID SAWFLIES; INSECTA; TENTHREDINIDAE; GENUS; WASP AB Three new species of Ophrynon Middlekauff, 1983, O. dominiqueae, O. martini and O. patricki, are added to the only species known previously, O. levigatus Middlekauff, 1983. All species are described, illustrated and keyed. Cladistic analyses under different weighting conditions retrieved Ophrynon as monophyletic, but the topologies produced for the higher ophrynopine taxa are quite variable. The possible closest relatives of Ophrynon are Argentophrynopus Vilhelmsen & D.R. Smith, 2002 and Kulcania Benson, 1935. The internal phylogeny of Ophrynon is O. martini + (O. levigatus + (O. dominiqueae + O. patricki)). The distribution of Ophrynon is restricted to central and southern California. Supposedly, the species belong to the californo-eremial distribution type and are the result of a comparatively recent speciation process. C1 [Blank, Stephan M.] Senckenberg Deutsch Entomol Inst, D-15374 Muncheberg, Germany. [Vilhelmsen, Lars] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Smith, David R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Blank, SM (reprint author), Senckenberg Deutsch Entomol Inst, Eberswalder Str 90, D-15374 Muncheberg, Germany. EM sblank@senckenberg.de RI Vilhelmsen, Lars/A-3396-2013 OI Vilhelmsen, Lars/0000-0002-5593-5722 FU European Commission [DK-TAF 4845] FX Stephen D. Gaimari and Martin Hauser (CSCA, Sacramento, CA, USA), Wojciech J. Pulawski and Vincent F. Lee (CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA) and Doug Yanega (UCR, Riverside, CA, USA) are acknowledged for the loan or gift of specimens. Dominique Orozco and Patrick Woods (Sacramento, CA, USA) are cordially thanked for their hospitality during S.M.B.'s visits to California. Hans Muhle (Munich, Germany) supported us with information on the buprestid species. Christian Kutzscher (DEI, Muncheberg, Germany) finished the distribution map. S.M.B.'s work at the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen was supported by a grant from the European Commission's (FP 6) Integrated Infrastructure Initiative programme SYNTHESYS (DK-TAF 4845). NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU APOLLO BOOKS PI STENSTRUP PA KIRKEBY SAND, 19, DK-5771 STENSTRUP, DENMARK SN 1399-560X J9 INSECT SYST EVOL JI Insect Syst. Evol. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 1 BP 3 EP 27 DI 10.1163/139956009X12550095535756 PG 25 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 609WI UT WOS:000278688300002 ER PT J AU Dellape, PM Henry, TJ AF Dellape, Pablo M. Henry, Thomas J. TI Acrolophyses, a new seed bug genus and two new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhyparochromidae: Myodochini) from forest-canopy fogging in Ecuador and Peru SO INSECT SYSTEMATICS & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE New myodochines; Acrolophyses arboricolous; Acrolophyses hadros; new species ID LYGAEOIDEA AB The new myodochine (Rhyparochromidae) genus Acrolophyses is described to accommodate the two new species A. arboricolous from Ecuador and Peru, designated as the type species, and A. hadros from Ecuador. The new species are diagnosed and described, and adult photographs, scanning electron photomicrographs of selected structures and illustrations of male genitalia are provided to aid in identification. The relationship of Acrolophyes with the genera Distingphyses and Pephysena is discussed. C1 [Dellape, Pablo M.] Univ Nacl La Plata, Div Entomol, Fac Ciencias Nat & Museo, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Henry, Thomas J.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Dellape, PM (reprint author), Univ Nacl La Plata, Div Entomol, Fac Ciencias Nat & Museo, Paseo Bosque S-N, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM pdellape@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar OI Dellape, Pablo M./0000-0002-6914-1026 FU CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina) FX We thank Terry L. Erwin (Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History (USNM), Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, US) for the specimens collected during his fogging studies in Ecuador and Peru, and Scott D. Whittaker (Smithsonian Institution SEM Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA) for coating specimens and general SEM support. We also thank Michael G. Pogue (Systematic Entomology Laboratory (SEL), ARS, USDA, do National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA), Steven W. Lingafelter (SEL) and Merrill H. Sweet (Emeritus Professor, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA) for kindly reviewing the manuscript. The senior author gives thanks to CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina) for providing a three-month research grant to visit the USNM. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1399-560X EI 1876-312X J9 INSECT SYST EVOL JI Insect Syst. Evol. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 1 BP 75 EP 89 DI 10.1163/187631210X487002 PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 609WI UT WOS:000278688300006 ER PT J AU Rozkosny, R Woodley, NE AF Rozkosny, Rudolf Woodley, Norman E. TI A new genus and three new species of Oriental Oxycerini (Diptera: Stratiomyidae: Stratiomyinae) with notes on new generic synonyms in two other stratiomyine genera SO INSECT SYSTEMATICS & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Oxycerina gen.n.; O. hauseri sp.n.; O. merzi sp.n.; O. sabaha sp.n.; new synonyms; Thailand; Malaysia ID INSECTA AB Oxycerina gen.n. (Stratiomyidae: Stratiomyinae), including three new species, O. hauseri sp.n., O. merzi sp.n. and O. sabaha sp.n., is described from the Oriental Region and compared with related genera of Stratiomyinae and Raphiocerinae. The monotypic genus Scapanocnema Enderlein, 1914 is considered to be a synonym of Odontomyia Meigen, 1803; S. spathulipes Enderlein, 1914 and O. latitibia Rozkosny & Kovac, 1994 are considered to be new synonyms of O. luteiceps de Meijere, 1911. Cyrtopus Bigot, 1883, is also proposed as a synonym of Odontomyia, resulting in new or resurrected combinations for the species O. fastuosa (Bigot, 1883), O. magnifica Lachaise & Lindner, 1973, and O. smaragdifira (Lindner, 1938). Timorimyia Frey, 1934 is proposed as a new synonym of Acanthasargus White, 1914, resulting in A. bidentatus (Frey, 1934), comb.n. A key to the genera of the Oriental Stratiomyinae and Raphiocerinae is presented. C1 [Rozkosny, Rudolf] Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Bot & Zool, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic. [Woodley, Norman E.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,NHB 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Rozkosny, R (reprint author), Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Bot & Zool, Kotlarksa 2, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic. EM rozk@sci.muni.cz RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 FU Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic, Prague; Masaryk University, Brno [MSM 0021622416] FX Our thanks are due to the colleagues who provided material for our study: F. Ciampor and J. Kodada (via M. Kozanek, Bratislava), M. Hauser (Sacramento, CA), who mediated valuable material from the National Museum of Natural History in Leiden, H. de Jong and B. Brugge (Amsterdam), B. Merz (Geneva), Eva Sprecher (Basel) and M. Wolsan (Warsaw). F. Gregor (Brno) kindly made original colour illustrations and V. Prochazkova (Brno) final pen drawings of the new species. We are grateful to Martin Hauser (Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, Sacramento, CA), Jens Prena and Allen Norrbom (both of the Systematic Entomology Lab) and Wayne Mathis (Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC) for reviewing the manuscript. Our study was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic, Prague, and the Masaryk University, Brno (Programme MSM 0021622416). NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU APOLLO BOOKS PI STENSTRUP PA KIRKEBY SAND, 19, DK-5771 STENSTRUP, DENMARK SN 1399-560X J9 INSECT SYST EVOL JI Insect Syst. Evol. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 3 BP 275 EP 294 DI 10.1163/187631210X502833 PG 20 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 644ZA UT WOS:000281419500003 ER PT B AU Clem, RJ Popham, HJR Shelby, KS AF Clem, Rollie J. Popham, Holly J. R. Shelby, Kent S. BE Asgari, S Johnson, KN TI Antiviral Responses in Insects: Apoptosis and Humoral Responses SO INSECT VIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; CALIFORNICA M-NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS CELLS; DROSOPHILA IMMUNE-RESPONSE; COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER; CASPASE INHIBITOR P35; IN-VIVO APOPTOSIS; BOMBYX-MORI; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; BACULOVIRUS INFECTION AB Insects are subject to infection by many different kinds of DNA and RNA viruses. These include viruses that are pathogenic to insects, as well as vertebrate pathogens that are vectored by insects. Although the study of antiviral responses in insects has lagged behind studies of responses to other types of pathogens, progress in this area has begun to rapidly accelerate over the past several years. Within the field of insect pathology, antiviral responses in insects have traditionally been categorized as falling into one of three types: physical barriers, cellular immunity, and humoral immunity. However, it has become clear in recent years that a fourth type of response exists, called intracellular immunity. Intracellular immunity is particularly relevant to virus infection because it operates within infected cells, and includes responses such as RNA interference and, as we propose here, apoptosis. In this chapter we discuss the current understanding of antiviral responses in insects, focusing mainly on two of the best understood types of responses, apoptosis and humoral immunity. C1 [Clem, Rollie J.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Arthropod Genom Ctr, Mol Cellular & Dev Biol Program, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Popham, Holly J. R.; Shelby, Kent S.] ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO USA. RP Clem, RJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Arthropod Genom Ctr, Mol Cellular & Dev Biol Program, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM rclem@ksu.edu; Holly.Popham@ars.usda.gov; Kent.Shelby@ars.usda.gov NR 170 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-904455-71-4 PY 2010 BP 389 EP 410 PG 22 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BRS15 UT WOS:000283520500017 ER PT J AU Guber, AK Pachepsky, YA Rowland, R Gish, TJ AF Guber, A. K. Pachepsky, Y. A. Rowland, R. Gish, T. J. TI Field correction of the multisensor capacitance probe calibration SO INTERNATIONAL AGROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE water content; multisensor capacitance probes; site-specific correction ID SOIL-WATER DYNAMICS; SENSORS; TEMPERATURE; MANAGEMENT; CORN; FLOW AB Multisensor capacitance probes (MCPs) have been used in many soil water-related fields. The manufacturer recommends a site-specific calibration before MCP use, and the calibration protocol requires replicated measurements of soil water content and MCP readings in the same soil volumes. In field research, such calibration is hardly plausible, and results cannot be extrapolated to plot average water contents in heterogeneous soils. A site-specific correction of the manufacturer calibration is a practical alternative to the field calibration in this case. The Typic Hapludult soil at the OPE3 USDA-ARS research site in Beltsville, MD was sampled in triplicate at the distance of 50 cm from four MCPs on three dates with distinctly different water contents. Both systematic and random differences between MCP and plot-average gravimetrically determined water contents were encountered. The manufacturer calibration led to the overestimation of low water contents and to the underestimation of high water contents. The depth-specific linear transformation of the factory calibration improved the estimation of plot-average water contents at all observation depths. Correcting MCP measurements for depth resulted in up to a 14.6% decrease in root-mean-square difference between MCP and plot-average measurements. Site-specific calibration correction may be useful when using MCPs in soil water monitoring. C1 [Guber, A. K.; Pachepsky, Y. A.; Rowland, R.] ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gish, T. J.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Guber, AK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Bldg 173,Powder Mill Rd,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Andrey.Guber@ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 FU NRC/USDA [IAA-NRC-05-005] FX This work was partially funded by NRC/USDA Interagency Agreement IAA-NRC-05-005 on 'Model Abstraction Techniques to Simulate Transport in Soils'. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI LUBLIN PA INST AGROPHYSICS, DOSWIADCZALNA 4, LUBLIN, 20-290, POLAND SN 0236-8722 J9 INT AGROPHYS JI Int. Agrophys. PY 2010 VL 24 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 580DN UT WOS:000276427200007 ER PT S AU Reid, LM Lisle, TE AF Reid, L. M. Lisle, T. E. BE Jones, J Faaborg, J TI The Caspar Creek watershed studies: long-term research in a temperate, rain-dominated forest SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 30, PT 9 SE International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY AUG 12-18, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol DE cumulative impacts; experimental watershed; forestry; rainfall interception; redwood; water yield C1 [Reid, L. M.; Lisle, T. E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Reid, LM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM lreid@fs.fed.us NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 978-3-510-54080-8 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW JI Int. Assoc. Theor. Appl. Limnol. Proc. PY 2010 VL 30 BP 1326 EP 1328 PN 9 PG 3 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDB09 UT WOS:000312418900004 ER PT S AU Parker, MS Welsh, HH Sarr, D AF Parker, Michael S. Welsh, Hartwell H. Sarr, Daniel BE Jones, J Faaborg, J TI Distribution of introduced fishes and their effects on high elevation lake communities in Lassen Volcanic National Park, CA, USA SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 30, PT 9 SE International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY AUG 12-18, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol DE Invertebrate assemblages; mountain lakes; nonnative fishes ID FROG RANA-CASCADAE; MOUNTAIN LAKES; NONNATIVE TROUT; ALPINE LAKES; CALIFORNIA; POPULATIONS; STOCKING; ECOSYSTEMS; REMOVAL AB Stocking of nonnative fishes into historically fishless lakes represents one of the most widespread manipulations of high elevation aquatic ecosystems throughout mountainous regions of western North America (BAHLS 1992; DUNHAM et al. 2004, PISTER 2001). Ecological impacts of nonnative fish introductions have been well documented and include dramatic reductions and extirpations of large, mobile benthic invertebrate and zooplankton species (BRADFORD et al. 1998, CARLISLE & HAWKINS 1998, PARKER et al. 2001; but see WISSINGER et al. 2006 for contrasting results from New Zealand lakes) and amphibian populations (BRADFORD 1989; KNAPP 2005, PILLIOD & PETERSON 2001). These massive alterations of lake communities can lead to large-scale changes in ecological processes (SCHINDLER et al. 2001, WALTERS & VINCENT 1973) and may extend into the terrestrial environment (MATTHEWS et al. 2002). Cessation of fish stocking in the 1970s and 80s within national parks and wilderness areas has resulted in many smaller lakes returning to a fishless condition, but self-sustaining fish populations continue to persist in most larger lakes (DONALD 1987, PARKER et al. 2001). Lack of systematic surveys in many areas limits knowledge of current fish distributions and ongoing impacts on native biota (BAHLS 1992). In this study we surveyed permanent lakes and ponds within Lassen Volcanic National Park (LVNP) to (1) describe current fish distributions 20-30 yr after stocking ceased, and (2) assess continuing effects of introduced fishes on the distribution and abundance of zooplankton and littoral benthos. Because most, if not all, natural lakes >2 m deep within LVNP were stocked in the past, current fish less lakes would have lost their fish populations after the cessation of stocking. Differences in invertebrate distribution and abundance between fish and fishless lakes should, therefore, reveal changes in response to fish loss and show whether communities within previously stocked lakes are resilient to major shifts in top predator abundance. This study was done in conjunction with a survey of amphibian distribution within LVNP reported elsewhere (J.E. STEAD et al., U.S. Forest Service, unpubl.) and is the first complete survey of lakes within LVNP. C1 [Parker, Michael S.] Southern Oregon Univ, Dept Biol, 1250 Siskiyou Blvd, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Welsh, Hartwell H.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacif Southwest Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Sarr, Daniel] Natl Pk Serv, Klamath Network Inventory & Monitoring Program, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Parker, MS (reprint author), Southern Oregon Univ, Dept Biol, 1250 Siskiyou Blvd, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. EM parker@sou.edu FU U.S. National Park Service Klamath Network Inventory and Monitoring Program FX Jon Stead coordinated logistics and served as leader of a field crew that included Jessie Goldstein, Miranda Haggarty, Lyndia Hammer, Kate Meyer and John Speece, who collected the majority of the field samples and data. Lyndia Hammer, Kate Meyer, John Speece, John Prunty, Erim Gomez and Aaron Maxwell assisted in processing invertebrate samples. The U.S. National Park Service Klamath Network Inventory and Monitoring Program funded this project. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 978-3-510-54080-8 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW JI Int. Assoc. Theor. Appl. Limnol. Proc. PY 2010 VL 30 BP 1397 EP + PN 9 PG 3 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDB09 UT WOS:000312418900019 ER PT J AU Lung'aho, MG Glahn, RP AF Lung'aho, Mercy G. Glahn, Raymond P. TI Use of White Beans instead of Red Beans May Improve Iron Bioavailability from a Tanzanian Complementary Food Mixture SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tanzanian complementary food; iron bioavailability; iron; in vitro digestion/Caco-2 model ID PHYTIC ACID; ABSORPTION; INFANTS; GROWTH; MODEL; AGE AB In the study presented, an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model was used to assess the amount of bioavailable iron from a modified Tanzanian complementary food formulation. The main objective of the study was to determine whether a change from red beans to white beans in the complementary food recipe would improve iron bioavailability from the mixture, as recent studies had indicated that iron bioavailability in white beans is significantly higher compared to that in the colored beans. The white beans had a significantly higher (p<0.0001) amount of ferritin formation (13.54 ng/mg) when compared to all other porridge ingredients including the red beans (2.3 ng/mg), and it is plausible that the complementary food formulated with the white beans may be superior to that formulated with the red beans, with reference to iron bioavailability. The results are important as they suggest that substitution of complementary food ingredients with high anti-nutrient concentrations with those that have lower anti-nutrient concentrations may improve iron bioavailability from complementary food home-recipes. C1 [Glahn, Raymond P.] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lung'aho, Mercy G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Glahn, RP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rpg3@cornell.edu NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 80 IS 1 BP 24 EP 31 DI 10.1024/0300-9831/a000003 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 619WY UT WOS:000279462200003 PM 20533242 ER PT J AU Bochkov, AV Mertins, JW AF Bochkov, Andre V. Mertins, James W. TI HARPIRHYNCHUS QUASIMODO N. SP (ACARIFORMES: HARPIRHYNCHIDAE), A NEW SPECIES PARASITIZING MOLOTHRUS ATER (PASSERIFORMES: ICTERIDAE) IN FLORIDA, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mites; bird parasites; Harpirhynchus quasimodo n; sp; Molothrus ater; systematics; North America ID CHEYLETOID MITES ACARI; HARPYRHYNCHIDAE; BIRDS; PROSTIGMATA; CANADA; AVES AB A new species, Harpirhynchus quasimodo n. sp., is described from Molothrus ater (Boddeart) (Passeriformes: Icteridae) in Florida, USA. The new species differs from the three other species known in this genus by the presence of a hump-like process at the anterior part of the propodonotum in males. The new species is close to Harpirhynchus dusbabeki Bochkov and Literak, 2006, from Panurus biarmicus (L.) (Passeriformes: Timaliidae) captured in Slovakia. It differs from this species by the following characters: in females and males of H. quasimodo, the body lengths, including gnathosoma, are 500-510 and 390-410 m, respectively (vs. 410-470 and 285-310 m in H. dusbabeki); subcapitular setae m are always absent (vs. present or absent in H. dusbabeki); apical segments of legs III and IV bear five or six setae (vs. five setae in H. dusbabeki); and in males, setae vi are 33-35 m long, or about three times shorter than ve (vs. 4-6 m long, 9-10 times shorter than ve in H. dusbabeki). C1 [Bochkov, Andre V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Bochkov, Andre V.] Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mertins, James W.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Vet Serv, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Bochkov, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Univ Skaya Embankment 1, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. EM prostigmata@zin.ru; James.W.Mertins@aphis.usda.gov OI Bochkov, Andre/0000-0002-3894-6163 FU Russian Foundation [08-04-90412-Ukr_a] FX This research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (08-04-90412-Ukr_a) to A. V. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0164-7954 J9 INT J ACAROL JI Int. J. Acarol. PY 2010 VL 36 IS 1 BP 83 EP 87 AR PII 919436715 DI 10.1080/01647950903520693 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 562CE UT WOS:000275026000011 ER PT J AU Beard, J Ochoa, R AF Beard, Jenny Ochoa, Ronald TI Ontogenetic modification in the Tuckerellidae (Acari: Tetranychoidea) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Developmental sequence; life cycle; mite; ontogeny; pharate; plant feeding; peacock mite; Tetranychoidea AB We confirm the ancestral prostigmatic condition of three nymphal stages during ontogeny, i.e. the retention of a tritonymph, for three species of Tuckerella (Acari: Tuckerellidae), T. japonica Ehara, T. filipina Corpuz-Raros and T. ornata (Tucker). In addition, we demonstrate that this primitive condition is not retained for males of at least two species, T. saetula Chaudhri and T. nr pavoniformis, in which the male is shown to emerge from the deutonymph. C1 [Beard, Jenny] Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. [Ochoa, Ronald] USDA ARS PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Beard, J (reprint author), Queensland Museum, POB 3300, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. EM jenny.beard@qm.qld.gov.au; Ron.Ochoa@ars.usda.gov FU Queensland Government; Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS), Australia FX The senior author was funded by a Queensland-Smithsonian Fellowship from the Queensland Government and by the Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS), Australia. We offer special thanks to Fabio A. Hernandes (UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo (SP), Brazil) who visited collections held in India and directly examined and photographed the type specimens of T. channabasavannai Mallik & Kumar, T. delhiensis Ghai & Maninder (National Pusa Collection (NPC), New Delhi, India) and T. kumaonensis Gupta ( Zoological Survey India, Kolkata (Calcutta), India) on our behalf. Additional thanks go to Pratibha Menon (NPC, India) for her drawings and images; and to Antonio Lofego (UNESP, SP, Brazil), Gilberto DeMoraes (Departamento de Entomologia, Fitopatologia e Zoologia Agricola, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil), Peterson Demite (UNESP, SP, Brazil), and Jeferson de C. Mineiro (Laboratorio de Entomologia Economica, Centro Experimental Central, Instituto Biologico, Campinas, SP, Brazil) for the loan of specimens. We are also grateful to Cal Welbourn ( Museum of Entomology, Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, FL, USA), Barry OConnor and Pavel Klimov (Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA), Michael Gates and Gary Miller (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA), and Owen Seeman (Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia) for their valuable comments on this manuscript. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0164-7954 J9 INT J ACAROL JI Int. J. Acarol. PY 2010 VL 36 IS 2 BP 169 EP 173 AR PII 921747967 DI 10.1080/01647950903555459 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 593QC UT WOS:000277473400005 ER PT J AU Cicero, JM Sammataro, D AF Cicero, Joseph M. Sammataro, Diana TI The salivary glands of adult female Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae), an ectoparasite of the honey bee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Varroa; bee mite; honey bee; parasite; salivary glands; disease transmission; varroatosis; biofilms ID JACOBSONI OUDEMANS; PARALYSIS VIRUS; FINE-STRUCTURE; COXAL GLANDS; MITES; INFECTION; PARTICLES; SYSTEM; LARVAE AB Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman 2000, an ectoparasite of honey bees, causes huge economic losses to apiculture annually. Its role as a vector of diseases is thought to involve the salivary glands as the terminal organs of transmission. The salivary glands are paired, oval, non-acinar organs, closely attached to the base of the gnathosoma and enveloped in a sheath of unknown embryological origin. Ultrastructurally, they are characterized by the surrounding sheath, and cells that have a strong presence of rough endoplasmic reticulum, irregular-shaped nuclei, and secretory spheres surrounded by an otherwise electron-lucent cytosol. Secretory spheres are sparse in most peripheral cells and heavily converged about the apical membranes of interior cells. Interior cells are positioned radially about the internal duct cells. The internal ducal lumen is narrow and brush-bordered. The membranes between the ducal lumen and the gland cell cytoplasm are fused and ruptured, allowing the salivary spheres to pass into the interior duct for secretion through the exterior duct. Bacterial biofilms are associated with the spheres and the rupture. Virus particles and endosymbionts are also present in the glands. The external duct remains uncharacterized, but the assumption that its embryonic origin is the same as that of the internal duct and surrounding gland cells is questioned. C1 [Cicero, Joseph M.] Univ Arizona, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Sammataro, Diana] USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Honey Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Cicero, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Plant Sci, POB 210036, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jmc6@ag.arizona.edu; Diana.Sammataro@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0164-7954 J9 INT J ACAROL JI Int. J. Acarol. PY 2010 VL 36 IS 5 BP 377 EP 386 AR PII 928786202 DI 10.1080/01647951003757961 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 673ST UT WOS:000283684000004 ER PT J AU Walter, DE Moser, JC AF Walter, David Evans Moser, John C. TI Gaeolaelaps invictianus, a new and unusual species of hypoaspidine mite (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) phoretic on the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Louisiana, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Laelapidae; Gaeolaelaps; invasive species; RIFA; phoresy; inquiline; Formicidae ID LARGE AUSTRALIAN COCKROACHES AB A new species of hypoaspidine laelapid mite, Gaeolaelaps invictianus, associated with the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren in the southern United States of America is described. This new species is unusual among the gamasine Mesostigmata in lacking a postanal seta in adults of both sexes and among species of Gaeolaelaps in being phoretic on dispersing male and female alate ants, lacking dorsal shield setae z3 and J1, and in having a separate anal shield in the adult male. The chelicerae of this new species are similar to free-living forms, suggesting that it may be a predator of small invertebrates in the ant colony. C1 [Walter, David Evans] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Walter, David Evans] Royal Alberta Museum, Edmonton, AB T5N 0M6, Canada. [Moser, John C.] USDA Forest Serv, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Walter, DE (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. EM david.walter@gov.ab.ca; johnmoser@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0164-7954 EI 1945-3892 J9 INT J ACAROL JI Int. J. Acarol. PY 2010 VL 36 IS 5 BP 399 EP 407 AR PII 928793356 DI 10.1080/01647954.2010.481263 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 673ST UT WOS:000283684000006 ER PT J AU Dodson, MV Hausman, GJ Guan, LL Du, M Rasmussen, TP Poulos, SP Mir, P Bergen, WG Fernyhough, ME McFarland, DC Rhoads, RP Soret, B Reecy, JM Velleman, SG Jiang, ZH AF Dodson, Michael V. Hausman, Gary J. Guan, LeLuo Du, Min Rasmussen, Theodore P. Poulos, Sylvia P. Mir, Priya Bergen, Werner G. Fernyhough, Melinda E. McFarland, Douglas C. Rhoads, Robert P. Soret, Beatrice Reecy, James M. Velleman, Sandra G. Jiang, Zhihua TI Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells from Animals I. Basic Cell Biology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Skeletal muscle stem cells; Satellite cells; Adipocytes; Adipofibroblasts; Embryogenesis; Postnatal myogenesis ID ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-GAMMA; PROMOTES ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; INTRAMUSCULAR ADIPOSE-TISSUE; LIPOGENIC ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; DEPOT-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; STROMAL-VASCULAR CELLS; IN-VITRO; BETA-CATENIN; SATELLITE CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Skeletal muscle stem cells from food-producing animals are of interest to agricultural life scientists seeking to develop a better understanding of the molecular regulation of lean tissue (skeletal muscle protein hypertrophy) and intramuscular fat (marbling) development. Enhanced understanding of muscle stem cell biology and function is essential for developing technologies and strategies to augment the metabolic efficiency and muscle hypertrophy of growing animals potentially leading to greater efficiency and reduced environmental impacts of animal production, while concomitantly improving product uniformity and consumer acceptance and enjoyment of muscle foods. C1 [Dodson, Michael V.; Jiang, Zhihua] Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hausman, Gary J.] USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Stn, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Guan, LeLuo] Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. [Du, Min] Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Rasmussen, Theodore P.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Poulos, Sylvia P.] Coca Cola Co, Res & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Mir, Priya] Agr & Agri Food Canada Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. [Bergen, Werner G.] Auburn Univ, Program Cellular & Mol Biosci & Anim Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Fernyhough, Melinda E.] Hartz Mt Corp, Secaucus, NJ 07003 USA. [McFarland, Douglas C.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Rhoads, Robert P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Anim Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Soret, Beatrice] Univ Publ Navarra, Pamplona 31006, Spain. [Reecy, James M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Velleman, Sandra G.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Anim Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Dodson, MV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dodson@wsu.edu RI Jiang, Zhihua/A-3378-2008; Du, Min/H-4311-2011; Rhoads, Robert/F-2861-2016 OI Jiang, Zhihua/0000-0003-1986-088X; Du, Min/0000-0002-7232-072X; Rhoads, Robert/0000-0002-5205-5834 NR 107 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU IVYSPRING INT PUBL PI LAKE HAVEN PA PO BOX 4546, LAKE HAVEN, NSW 2263, AUSTRALIA SN 1449-2288 J9 INT J BIOL SCI JI Int. J. Biol. Sci. PY 2010 VL 6 IS 5 BP 465 EP 474 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 651WV UT WOS:000281959000006 PM 20827399 ER PT J AU Dodson, MV Hausman, GJ Guan, LL Du, M Rasmussen, TP Poulos, SP Mir, P Bergen, WG Fernyhough, ME McFarland, DC Rhoads, RP Soret, B Reecy, JM Velleman, SG Jiang, ZH AF Dodson, Michael V. Hausman, Gary J. Guan, LeLuo Du, Min Rasmussen, Theodore P. Poulos, Sylvia P. Mir, Priya Bergen, Werner G. Fernyhough, Melinda E. McFarland, Douglas C. Rhoads, Robert P. Soret, Beatrice Reecy, James M. Velleman, Sandra G. Jiang, Zhihua TI Lipid metabolism, adipocyte depot physiology and utilization of meat animals as experimental models for metabolic research SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Meat animals; lipid metabolism; adipose depots; adipocytes; adipogenesis ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; TRIGLYCERIDE TRANSFER PROTEIN; ADIPOSE-TISSUE GROWTH; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; MATURE ADIPOCYTES; GENE-EXPRESSION; BEEF-CATTLE; STEM-CELLS; DAIRY-COWS AB Meat animals are unique as experimental models for both lipid metabolism and adipocyte studies because of their direct economic value for animal production. This paper discusses the principles that regulate adipogenesis in major meat animals (beef cattle, dairy cattle, and pigs), the definition of adipose depot-specific regulation of lipid metabolism or adipogenesis, and introduces the potential value of these animals as models for metabolic research including mammary biology and the ontogeny of fatty livers. C1 [Dodson, Michael V.; Jiang, Zhihua] Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hausman, Gary J.] USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Stn, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Guan, LeLuo] Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. [Du, Min] Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Rasmussen, Theodore P.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Poulos, Sylvia P.] Coca Cola Co, Res & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Mir, Priya] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. [Bergen, Werner G.] Auburn Univ, Program Cellular & Mol Biosci & Anim Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Fernyhough, Melinda E.] Hartz Mt Corp, Secaucus, NJ 07094 USA. [McFarland, Douglas C.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Rhoads, Robert P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Anim Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Soret, Beatrice] Univ Publ Navarra, Pamplona 31006, Spain. [Reecy, James M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Velleman, Sandra G.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Anim Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Dodson, MV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dodson@wsu.edu RI Jiang, Zhihua/A-3378-2008; Du, Min/H-4311-2011; Rhoads, Robert/F-2861-2016 OI Jiang, Zhihua/0000-0003-1986-088X; Du, Min/0000-0002-7232-072X; Rhoads, Robert/0000-0002-5205-5834 NR 53 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 12 PU IVYSPRING INT PUBL PI LAKE HAVEN PA PO BOX 4546, LAKE HAVEN, NSW 2263, AUSTRALIA SN 1449-2288 J9 INT J BIOL SCI JI Int. J. Biol. Sci. PY 2010 VL 6 IS 7 BP 691 EP 699 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 700UU UT WOS:000285770600009 PM 21103072 ER PT J AU Leblond, JD Lasiter, AD Li, C Logares, R Rengefors, K Evens, TJ AF Leblond, Jeffrey D. Lasiter, Andrew D. Li, Cen Logares, Ramiro Rengefors, Karin Evens, Terence J. TI A data mining approach to dinoflagellate clustering according to sterol composition: correlations with evolutionary history SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DATA MINING AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE bioinformatics; clustering; cluster validation; data mining; dinoflagellate; knowledge discovery; phylogeny analysis; sterol ID LIPID-COMPOSITION; FATTY-ACID; DNA SUBSTITUTION; KARENIA-BREVIS; R-PACKAGE; DINOPHYCEAE; VALIDATION; MODEL; IDENTIFICATION; HETEROCAPSA AB This study examined the sterol compositions of 102 dinoflagellates using clustering and cluster validation techniques, as a means of determining the relatedness of the organisms. In addition, dinoflagellate sterol-based relationships were compared statistically to 18S rDNA-based phylogenetic relationships using the Mantel test. Our results indicated that the examined dinoflagellates formed six clusters based on sterol composition and that several, but not all, dinoflagellate genera, which formed discrete clusters in the 18S rDNA-based phylogeny, shared similar sterol compositions. This and other correspondences suggest that the sterol compositions of dinoflagellates are explained, to a certain extent, by the evolutionary history of this lineage. C1 [Leblond, Jeffrey D.; Lasiter, Andrew D.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. [Li, Cen] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. [Logares, Ramiro] Uppsala Univ, Limnol Dept, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. [Rengefors, Karin] Lund Univ, Dept Ecol, Limnol Div, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Evens, Terence J.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Leblond, JD (reprint author), Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, POB 60, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. EM jleblond@mtsu.edu; andrewlasiter@gmail.com; cli@mtsu.edu; ramiro.logares@gmail.com; Karin.Rengefors@limnol.lu.se; Terence.Evens@ARS.USDA.GOV RI Logares, Ramiro/D-5920-2011 OI Logares, Ramiro/0000-0002-8213-0604 FU MTSU; Lund University; MICROBIOMICS consortium FX Sterol data contributed by Jeremy Dahmen were greatly appreciated. Internal MTSU grants supported portions of this work. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this paper is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out at University of Oslo, Bioportal (http://www.bioportal.uio.no/). Financial support to RL was provided by Lund University PhD position and the MICROBIOMICS consortium (http://www.microbiomics.se/). NR 48 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 856, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1748-5673 EI 1748-5681 J9 INT J DATA MIN BIOIN JI Int. J. Data Min. Bioinform. PY 2010 VL 4 IS 4 BP 431 EP 451 DI 10.1504/IJDMB.2010.034198 PG 21 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 627BB UT WOS:000280011800005 PM 20815141 ER PT J AU Rasooly, R Do, PM AF Rasooly, Reuven Do, Paula M. TI Shiga toxin Stx2 is heat-stable and not inactivated by pasteurization SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Shiga toxins; Escherichia coli O157:H7; Pasteurization; Vero cell; Protein inhibition ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; FOOD RAW-MATERIALS; UNITED-STATES; IN-VITRO; MILK; CHEESE; O111; O26 AB Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli have been associated with food-borne illnesses. Pasteurization is used to inhibit microbial growth in milk. and an open question is whether milk pasteurization inactivates Shiga toxins. To answer this question we measured Shiga toxin's inhibition effect on Vero cell dehydrogenase activity and protein synthesis. Our data demonstrate that Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) is heat-stable and that pasteurization of milk, at the various suggested temperatures and times by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, (63 degrees C for 30 min, or 72 degrees C for 15 s or 89 degrees C for 1 s), did not reduce the biological activity of Stx2. However. treatment at 100 degrees C for 5 min inactivated the toxin. These data demonstrate that Stx2 is not inactivated by conventional pasteurization. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rasooly, Reuven; Do, Paula M.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Rasooly, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM reuven.rasooly@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 136 IS 3 BP 290 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.10.005 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 549UI UT WOS:000274079400007 PM 19875188 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, S AF Bhaduri, Saumya TI Effect of fat in ground beef on the growth and virulence plasmid (pYV) stability in Yersinia pestis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Y. pestis; Ground beef; Fat; Growth; pYV stability ID PLAGUE; PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS; ENTEROCOLITICA AB Knowledge of the behavior of Yersinia pestis in food may be useful in the event Y. pestis is used in a bioterrorism attack on the food supply. However, there are no reports on the growth of plasmid-bearing (pYV) virulent Y. pestis in food. The growth of a conditionally virulent pYV-bearing Y. pestis KIM5 in sterile raw ground beef with 7, 15 and 25% fat content was studied at 0, 4, 10 and 25 degrees C. The Y. pestis KIM5 did not grow but survived in raw ground beef at 0 and 4 degrees C. In raw ground beef with fat contents of 7, 15 and 25% Y. pestis KIM5 replicated at 10 degrees C with growth rates of 0.06, 0.05, and 0.06 log(10) CFU/h and maximum population densities of 8.65, 8.30, and 8.43 log(10) a CFU/g, respectively. The growth rate was 4-fold higher and the maximum population density was slightly higher at 25 degrees C in raw ground beef at all levels of fat as compared to 10 degrees C. Moreover, there was no loss of pYV in surviving Y. pestis KIM5 in raw ground beef stored at refrigerator temperatures or during its growth in raw ground beef. This suggests that raw ground beef contaminated with virulent Y. pestis could cause oro-pharyngeal plague due to refrigeration failure, temperature (10-25 degrees C) abuse, and if the meat was not properly cooked. The resultant disease may lead to outbreaks of highly infectious pneumonic plague. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bhaduri, S (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM saumya.bhaduri@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 136 IS 3 BP 372 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.09.026 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 549UI UT WOS:000274079400020 PM 19875186 ER PT J AU Onwulata, CI Thomas, AE Cooke, PH Phillips, JG Carvalho, CWP Ascheri, JLR Tomasula, PM AF Onwulata, C. I. Thomas, A. E. Cooke, P. H. Phillips, J. G. Carvalho, C. W. P. Ascheri, J. L. R. Tomasula, P. M. TI Glycemic Potential of Extruded Barley, Cassava, Corn, and Quinoa Enriched With Whey Proteins and Cashew Pulp SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES LA English DT Article DE Extrusion; Glycemic potential; Barley; Cassava; Quinoa; Corn ID IMPORTANT STARCH FRACTIONS; RAPIDLY AVAILABLE GLUCOSE; IN-VITRO; DIETARY FIBER; RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; INDEX; FOODS; EXTRUSION; PRODUCTS AB Adding whey protein concentrate (WPC80) and cashew pulp (CP) to extruded snacks can reduce overall carbohydrate content. In this study, barley, cassava, corn meal and quinoa were blended with WPC80 (12.5 wt%) or with CP (12.5 wt%), then extruded and baked. The products' rapidly available glucose values or potential glycemic index were: quinoa (70%), barley (61%), corn (54%), and cassava (48%). Adding WPC80 with or without CP improved the glycemic potential values for barley and quinoa, but not for cassava, which increased from 61 to 77%. Adding WPC80 or CP had no effect on corn products. C1 [Onwulata, C. I.; Thomas, A. E.; Tomasula, P. M.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Cooke, P. H.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Phillips, J. G.] ARS, USDA, NAA, Off Area Director, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Carvalho, C. W. P.; Ascheri, J. L. R.] Embrapa Food Technol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Onwulata, CI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM charles.onwulata@ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1094-2912 J9 INT J FOOD PROP JI Int. J. Food Prop. PY 2010 VL 13 IS 2 BP 338 EP 359 AR PII 919650501 DI 10.1080/10942910802398487 PG 22 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 564EK UT WOS:000275195900011 ER PT J AU Miller, JO Karathanasis, AD Wendroth, OOB AF Miller, Jarrod O. Karathanasis, Anastasios D. Wendroth, Ole O. B. TI In situ colloid generation and transport in 30-year-old mine soil profiles receiving biosolids SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINING RECLAMATION AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE colloids; biosolids; reclamation; transport ID POROUS-MEDIA AB Colloid mobility has been tied to contaminant transport in many agricultural soils, and may be a factor in reclaimed mine soils as well. Before contaminant transport can be predicted, the actual patterns in colloid generation and transport following disturbance needs to be elucidated. A site in the Appalachian region of southwest Virginia was chosen to observe colloid transport within natural forest soils (F), reclaimed soils (R) and reclaimed soils underlain by spoil material (RS). A fourth treatment included the application of lime-stabilised biosolids to separate RS monoliths (RSB). These intact soil monoliths were leached with deionised water at a rate of 1.0 cm/h for at least 2 pore volumes. Total eluted colloid loads were greatest within natural forest (F) soil monoliths (2205 mg), followed by R (1460 mg) and RS (76 mg) monoliths. The addition of biosolids (RSB) induced greater colloid transport (871 mg) compared to RS monoliths not receiving biosolids. This was likely due to an increase in pH and EC from the applied biosolids. The results suggested that colloid and potentially contaminant transport should indeed be a concern in soils disturbed by mining activities, but predicting the magnitude and patterns of colloid behaviour may be difficult due to variations in physical and chemical properties of the reclaimed soils. C1 [Miller, Jarrod O.; Wendroth, Ole O. B.] USDA ARS, Florence, SC USA. [Karathanasis, Anastasios D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY USA. RP Miller, JO (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC USA. EM jarrod@uky.edu OI Miller, Jarrod/0000-0002-5353-233X NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1748-0930 EI 1748-0949 J9 INT J MIN RECLAM ENV JI Int. J. Min. Reclam. Environ. PY 2010 VL 24 IS 2 BP 95 EP 108 DI 10.1080/17480931003640207 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 818BQ UT WOS:000294724400002 ER PT J AU Eason, CT Fagerstone, KA Eisemann, JD Humphrys, S O'Hare, JR Lapidge, SJ AF Eason, Charles T. Fagerstone, Kathleen A. Eisemann, John D. Humphrys, Simon O'Hare, Jeanette R. Lapidge, Steven J. TI A review of existing and potential New World and Australasian vertebrate pesticides with a rationale for linking use patterns to registration requirements SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE toxin; regulation; environmental safety; data requirements; America; Australia; New Zealand ID NEW-ZEALAND; FERAL PIGS; SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE; ORAL TOXICITY; UNITED-STATES; PEST-CONTROL; SUS-SCROFA; RATS; AMINOPROPIOPHENONE; BRODIFACOUM AB Registration is a necessarily sophisticated evaluation process applied to vertebrate pesticide products. Although conducted to minimise any potential impacts upon public health, the environment and food production, the all-encompassing process of registration can stifle innovation. Vertebrate pesticides are rarely used to control pest animals in food crops. In contrast to agrochemicals, relatively small amounts of vertebrate pesticides are used (<0.1%), usually in solid or paste baits, and generally by discrete application methods rather than by broad-scale spray applications. We present a hierarchy or sliding scale of typical data requirements relative to application techniques, to help clarify an evolving science-based approach which focuses on requiring data to address key scientific questions while allowing waivers where additional data have minor value. Such an approach will facilitate the development and delivery of increasingly humane, species-targeted, low residue pesticides in the New World, along with the phasing out of less desirable chemicals that continue to be used due to a lack of alternatives. C1 [Eason, Charles T.] Lincoln Univ, Fac Agr & Life Sci, Dept Ecol, Canterbury, New Zealand. [Fagerstone, Kathleen A.; Eisemann, John D.; O'Hare, Jeanette R.] USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Humphrys, Simon; Lapidge, Steven J.] Invas Anim Cooperat Res Ctr, Adelaide, SA 5061, Australia. RP Eason, CT (reprint author), Lincoln Univ, Fac Agr & Life Sci, Dept Ecol, POB 84, Canterbury, New Zealand. EM Charlieeason@xtra.co.nz FU Animal Health Board in New Zealand FX The National Wildlife Research Centre, Fort Collins USA, are thanked for hosting a workshop in March 2008, and the Animal Health Board in New Zealand are thanked for encouraging and supporting Professor Eason with his involvement in this project. NR 82 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0967-0874 J9 INT J PEST MANAGE JI Int. J. Pest Manage. PY 2010 VL 56 IS 2 BP 109 EP 125 DI 10.1080/09670870903243463 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 582ZQ UT WOS:000276640500004 ER EF