FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Dalin, P Bean, DV Dudley, TL Carney, VA Eberts, D Gardner, KT Hebertson, E Jones, EN Kazmer, DJ Michels, GJ O'Meara, SA Thompson, DC AF Dalin, Peter Bean, Daniel V. Dudley, Tom L. Carney, Vanessa A. Eberts, Debra Gardner, Kevin T. Hebertson, Elizabeth Jones, Erin N. Kazmer, David J. Michels, G. J., Jr. O'Meara, Scott A. Thompson, David C. TI Seasonal Adaptations to Day Length in Ecotypes of Diorhabda spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Inform Selection of Agents Against Saltcedars (Tamarix spp.) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Critical daylength response; voltinism; biological control; biological invasions ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; ELONGATA-DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LEAF BEETLE; PHOTOPERIODIC RESPONSE; DIFFERENT POPULATIONS; DIAPAUSE INDUCTION; HOST-SPECIFICITY; PLANT; LEPIDOPTERA AB Seasonal adaptations to daylength often limit the effective range of insects used in biological control of weeds. The leaf beetle Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers) was introduced into North America from Fukang, China (latitude 44 degrees N) to control saltcedars (Tamarix spp.), but failed to establish south of 38 degrees N latitude because of a mismatched critical daylength response for diapause induction. The daylength response caused beetles to enter diapause too early in the season to survive the duration of winter at southern latitudes. Using climate chambers, we characterized the critical daylength response for diapause induction (CDL) in three ecotypes of Diorhabda beetles originating from 36,38, and 43 degrees N latitudes in Eurasia. In a field experiment, the timing of reproductive diapause and voltinism were compared among ecotypes by rearing the insects on plants in the field. CDL declined with latitude of origin among Diorhabda ecotypes. Moreover, CDL in southern (<39 degrees N latitude) ecotypes was shortened by more than an hour when the insects were reared under a fluctuating 35-15 degrees C thermoperiod than at a constant 25 degrees C. In the northern (>42 degrees N latitude) ecotypes, however. CDL was relatively insensitive to temperature. The southern ecotypes produced up to four generations when reared on plants in the field at sites south of 38 degrees N, whereas northern ecotypes produced only one or two generations. The study reveals latitudinal variation in how Diorhabda ecotypes respond to daylength for diapause induction and how these responses affect insect voltinism across the introduced range. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Bean, Daniel V.] Biol Pest Control, Colorado Dept Agr, Palisade, CO 81526 USA. [Carney, Vanessa A.; Jones, Erin N.; Michels, G. J., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas AgriLife Res, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [O'Meara, Scott A.] Tech Serv Ctr, US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Gardner, Kevin T.; Thompson, David C.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Hebertson, Elizabeth] US Forest Serv, Ogden, UT 84403 USA. [Kazmer, David J.] USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Dalin, P (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, POB 7044, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. EM Peter.Dalin@ekol.slu.se FU USDA-NRI [2006-35302]; USDA-BLM; Forest Service (U.S. Forest Service-Forest Health Protection STDP) [R4-2004-01]; Carl Trygger Foundation FX We thank Sara Baguskas, Lynn Ensey, Derek Hitchcock, Keegan Kennedy, Nina Louden, Terri Locke, Mary Mayer, Jiana ten Brinke, and Brian Zens for technical assistance. We also thank Christer Solbreck for valuable comments and suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. The study was supported by grants from USDA-NRI (#2006-35302), USDA-BLM, Forest Service (U.S. Forest Service-Forest Health Protection STDP R4-2004-01), and the Carl Trygger Foundation. NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 16 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1666 EP 1675 DI 10.1603/EN09270 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 662ZK UT WOS:000282852600034 PM 22546466 ER PT J AU Ruiz, EA Rinehart, JE Hayes, JL Zuniga, G AF Ruiz, Enrico A. Rinehart, John E. Hayes, Jane L. Zuniga, Gerardo TI Historical Demography and Phylogeography of a Specialist Bark Beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus pseudotsugae; glaciations; divergence time; demographic expansion; range expansion ID POSTGLACIAL COLONIZATION ROUTES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DOUGLAS-FIR; POPULATION-GROWTH; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; STATISTICAL TESTS; TOMICUS-DESTRUENS; GLACIAL REFUGIA; CONTROL REGION AB Contemporary distribution of North American species has been shaped by past glaciation events during the Quaternary period. However, their effects were not as severe in the southern Rocky Mountains and Northern Mexico as elsewhere in North America. In this context, we test hypotheses about the historical demography of Dendroctonus pseudotsugae, based on 136 haplotypes of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I. The phylogenetic analysis yielded four haplogroups corresponding to northwestern United States and southwestern Canada (NUS), southwestern United States (Arizona, SUS), northwestern Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental, SMOC), and northeastern Mexico (Sierra Madre Oriental, SMOR). Predictions of demographic expansion were examined through neutrality tests against population growth and mismatch distribution. Results showed that the NUS and SMOC haplogroups have experienced demographic expansion events, whereas the SUS and SMOR haplogroups have not. Divergence times between pairs of haplogroups were estimated from early to middle Pleistocene. The longer divergence time between NUS and all other haplogroups could be the result of refugia within the Pacific Northwest and northern Rocky Mountains and long-term isolation from southernmost populations in Mexico. The results obtained in this study are in agreement with the evolutionary history of the host Douglas-fir, as the warmer climates of interglacial periods pushed conifers northward of Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, whereas environmental changes reduced the population size of Douglas-fir and forced fragmentation of distribution range southward into northern Mexico. C1 [Ruiz, Enrico A.] Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Lab Variac Biol & Evoluc, Dept Zool, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. [Rinehart, John E.] Eastern Oregon Univ, Biol Program, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Hayes, Jane L.] ARS, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Ruiz, EA (reprint author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Lab Variac Biol & Evoluc, Dept Zool, Carpio & Plan Ayala S-N,Col Santo Tomas, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. EM enrico_ruiz@yahoo.com FU Microsoft; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) [44887]; Secretaria de Investigacion y Posgrado-Instituto Politecnico Nacional [SIP-20060421]; Pacific Northwest Research Station; Eastern Oregon University, La Grande FX We thank Francisco Bonilla, Antonio Olivo, Luis M. Torres, Sergio Quinones (Comision Nacional Forestal, Mexico City, Mexico), Flor Rivera, and Javier Zavala (Centro de Investigacion y Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, Mexico) for providing field assistance; Gene Paul (Pacific Northwest Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Portland, OR), Brytten Steed (Forest Health Protection, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Missoula, MT), and Toni DeGomez (University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ) provided fresh or alcohol-preserved specimens. We also thank Agnes Horn (University of Lausanne, Switzerland) and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. Part of this work was carried out by using the resources of the Computational Biology Service Unit from Cornell University, which is partially funded by Microsoft. The project was funded by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT 44887) and Secretaria de Investigacion y Posgrado-Instituto Politecnico Nacional (SIP-20060421). J.L.H. and J.E.R. were supported by the Pacific Northwest Research Station. J.E.R. was also supported by a Faculty Scholars award (Eastern Oregon University, La Grande, OR). This work was part of E.A.R.'s Ph.D. dissertation. He was a Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (176313) and Programa Institucional de Formacion de Investigadores del Instituto Politecnico Nacional fellow. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1685 EP 1697 DI 10.1603/EN09339 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 662ZK UT WOS:000282852600036 PM 22546468 ER PT J AU White, MJ Storm, DE Busteed, PR Smolen, MD Zhang, HL Fox, GA AF White, Michael J. Storm, Daniel E. Busteed, Philip R. Smolen, Michael D. Zhang, Hailin Fox, Garey A. TI A quantitative phosphorus loss assessment tool for agricultural fields SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Spatial targeting; Farmland preservation; SWAT; Modeling; Watershed management; Nutrients; Nonpoint source pollution ID SOIL TEST PHOSPHORUS; WATERSHED SUBDIVISION; ALUMINUM SULFATE; SEDIMENT YIELD; UNITED-STATES; SWAT MODEL; MANAGEMENT; RUNOFF; MANURE; POLLUTION AB In the United States, government sponsored conservation programs are under increasing pressure to quantify the environmental benefits of practices they subsidize. To meet this objective, conservation planners need tools to accurately predict phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural lands. Existing P export coefficient based tools are easy to use, but do not adequately account for local conditions. Hydrologic and water quality models are more accurate, but are prohibitively complex for conservation planners to use. Pasture Phosphorus Management (PPM) Plus was developed as a user-friendly P and sediment loss prediction tool based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a popular comprehensive hydrologic and water quality model. PPM Plus is applicable under a wide variety of management options and conservation practices and simple enough for use by conservation planners. SWAT hydrologic components were calibrated to allow application anywhere in the State of Oklahoma. The SWAT model was modified to include soil P algorithm updates and improved representation of conservation practices. This tool was successfully validated using 286 field years of measured data from the southern United States. PPM Plus allows the development of more effective conservation plans by allowing planners to evaluate pollutant losses resulting from a particular management strategy prior to implementation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [White, Michael J.] ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Storm, Daniel E.; Smolen, Michael D.; Fox, Garey A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Biosyst & Agr Engn Dept, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Busteed, Philip R.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Zhang, Hailin] Oklahoma State Univ, Plant & Soil Sci Dept, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP White, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM mike.white@ars.usda.gov FU Oklahoma Conservation Commission; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region VI; Oklahoma State University Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank the Oklahoma Conservation Commission, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region VI, and the Oklahoma State University Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Agricultural Experiment Station for funding this work. NR 61 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1121 EP 1129 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.03.017 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619DY UT WOS:000279410600005 ER PT J AU Birt, AG Valdez-Vivas, MR Feldman, RM Lafon, CW Cairns, D Coulson, RN Tchakerian, M Xi, W Guldin, JM AF Birt, A. G. Valdez-Vivas, M. R. Feldman, R. M. Lafon, C. W. Cairns, D. Coulson, R. N. Tchakerian, M. Xi, W. Guldin, J. M. TI A simple stochastic weather generator for ecological modeling SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Weather generator; Climate; Stochastic model; Ecology AB Stochastic weather generators are useful tools for exploring the relationship between organisms and their environment. This paper describes a simple weather generator that can be used in ecological modeling projects. We provide a detailed description of methodology, and links to full C++ source code (http://weathergen.sourceforge.net) required to implement or modify the generator. We argue that understanding the principles of weather generation will allow ecologists to tailor a solution for their own requirements. The detailed, repeatable methodology we present demonstrates that weather generation is relatively straightforward for ecologists to implement and modify. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Birt, A. G.; Coulson, R. N.; Tchakerian, M.; Xi, W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Valdez-Vivas, M. R.; Feldman, R. M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ind Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Lafon, C. W.; Cairns, D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Guldin, J. M.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Hot Springs, AR 71901 USA. RP Birt, AG (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM abirt@tamu.edu FU USDA Forest Service [SRS 06-CA-11330124-196]; Knowledge Engineering Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Texas AM University FX This research was supported in part by the USDA Forest Service Cooperative agreement SRS 06-CA-11330124-196 and through the Knowledge Engineering Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Texas A&M University. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1252 EP 1255 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.03.006 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619DY UT WOS:000279410600015 ER PT J AU Uchimiya, M Gorb, L Isayev, O Qasim, MM Leszczynski, J AF Uchimiya, Minori Gorb, Leonid Isayev, Olexandr Qasim, Mohammad M. Leszczynski, Jerzy TI One-electron standard reduction potentials of nitroaromatic and cyclic nitramine explosives SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Reduction potential; Explosives; Electron transfer; Nitroaromatic compounds; Cyclic nitramine ID ABIOTIC REDUCTION; HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE RDX; QUINONE DERIVATIVES; ENERGETIC COMPOUNDS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; N-15 NMR; FE(II); TRANSFORMATION; CL-20; IRON AB Extensive studies have been conducted in the past decades to predict the environmental abiotic and biotic redox fate of nitroaromatic and nitramine explosives. However, surprisingly little information is available on one-electron standard reduction potentials (E(o)(R-NO(2)/R-NO(2)(-))). The E(o)(R-NO(2)/R-NO(2)(-)) is an essential thermodynamic parameter for predicting the rate and extent of reductive transformation for energetic residues. In this study, experimental (linear free energy relationships) and theoretical (ab initio calculation) approaches were employed to determine E(o)(R-NO(2)/R-NO(2)(-)) for nitroaromatic, (caged) cyclic nitramine, and nitroimino explosives that are found in military installations or are emerging contaminants. The results indicate a close agreement between experimental and theoretical E(o)(R-NO(2)/R-NO(2)(-)) and suggest a key trend: E(o)(R-NO(2)/R-NO(2)(-)) value decreases from di- and tri-nitroaromatic (e.g., 2,4-dinitroanisole) to nitramine (e.g., RDX) to nitroimino compound (e.g., nitroguanidine). The observed trend in E(o)(R-NO(2)/R-NO(2)(-) agrees with reported rate trends for reductive degradation, suggesting a thermodynamic control on the reduction rate under anoxic/suboxic conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Uchimiya, Minori; Qasim, Mohammad M.; Leszczynski, Jerzy] US Army, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Gorb, Leonid] SpecPro Inc, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Isayev, Olexandr] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Leszczynski, Jerzy] Jackson State Univ, Interdisciplinary Ctr Nanotoxic, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. RP Uchimiya, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sophie.uchimiya@ars.usda.gov RI Isayev, Olexandr/B-7944-2008 OI Isayev, Olexandr/0000-0001-7581-8497 FU Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS FX This project was supported by the U.S. Army Environmental Quality Technology Program at the Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 158 IS 10 BP 3048 EP 3053 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.06.033 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 655OV UT WOS:000282260200007 PM 20656388 ER PT J AU Cisneros, R Bytnerowicz, A Schweizer, D Zhong, SR Traina, S Bennett, DH AF Cisneros, Ricardo Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Schweizer, Donald Zhong, Sharon Traina, Samuel Bennett, Deborah H. TI Ozone, nitric acid, and ammonia air pollution is unhealthy for people and ecosystems in southern Sierra Nevada, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; Ozone; Nitrogen deposition; Phytotoxicity; Human health; Critical loads ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; DRY DEPOSITION; PONDEROSA PINE; POLLUTANTS; EXPOSURE; VEGETATION; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT AB Two-week average concentrations of ozone (O(3)), nitric acid vapor (HNO(3)) and ammonia (NH(3)) were measured with passive samplers during the 2002 summer season across the central Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, along the San Joaquin River drainage. Elevated concentrations of the pollutants were determined with seasonal means for individual sites ranging between 62 and 88 ppb for O(3), 1.0-3.8 mu g m(-3) for HNO(3), and 2.6-5.2 mu g m(-3) for NH(3). Calculated O(3) exposure indices were very high, reaching SUM00-191 ppm h, SUM60-151 ppm h, and W126-124 ppm h. Calculated nitrogen (N) dry deposition ranged from 1.4 to 15 kg N ha(-1) for maximum values, and 0.4-8 kg N ha(-1) for minimum values; potentially exceeding Critical Loads (CL) for nutritional N. The U.S., California, and European 8 h O(3) human health standards were exceeded during 104, 108, and 114 days respectively, indicating high risk to humans from ambient O(3). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cisneros, Ricardo; Schweizer, Donald] USDA, Forest Serv, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. [Bytnerowicz, Andrzej] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Zhong, Sharon] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Traina, Samuel] Univ Calif Merced, Environm Syst Grad Grp, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Bennett, Deborah H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Cisneros, R (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 1600 Tollhouse Rd, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. EM rcisneros@fs.fed.us; abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us; dschweizer@fs.fed.us; zhongs@msu.edu; straina@ucmerced.edu; dhbennett@ucdavis.edu RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 60 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 158 IS 10 BP 3261 EP 3271 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.07.025 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 655OV UT WOS:000282260200035 PM 20708832 ER PT J AU Zhao, WC Qi, LL Gao, XA Zhang, GS Dong, JA Chen, QJ Friebe, B Gill, BS AF Zhao, Wanchun Qi, Lili Gao, Xiang Zhang, Gaisheng Dong, Jian Chen, Qijiao Friebe, Bernd Gill, Bikram S. TI Development and characterization of two new Triticum aestivum-Dasypyrum villosum Robertsonian translocation lines T1DS.1V#3L and T1DL.1V#3S and their effect on grain quality SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; Dasypyrum villosum; Robertsonian translocation; Grain quality ID STORAGE PROTEIN GENES; HAYNALDIA-VILLOSA; L CANDARGY; POWDERY MILDEW; 1RS.1BL TRANSLOCATION; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; CENTRIC MISDIVISION; WHEAT; DISEASE AB Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Candargy is a diploid, wild relative of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Previous studies showed that D. villosum chromosome 1V has genes that encode seed storage proteins that may be used to enhance the grain quality of bread wheat. As a first step in genetic transfer, the present study was initiated to develop compensating Robertsonian translocations involving wheat chromosome 1D and D. villosum chromosome 1V and to analyze their effects on grain quality. A monosomic 1D stock was crossed with the disomic addition stock DA1V#3 and the double monosomic plants (20 '' + 1D' + 1V#3') were self pollinated. Two co-dominant STS markers (BE499250 and BE591682) polymorphic for the short arm of 1V#3S and two dominant STS markers (BE518358 and BE585781) polymorphic for the long arm of 1V#3L were developed to screen a large number of progeny to identify plants that had only the 1V#3S or 1V#3L arms. Five compensating Robertsonian heterozygous translocations, two (plants #56 and #83) for the short arm (T1DL.1V#3S)and three (plants #7, #123, and #208) for the long arm (T1DS.1V#3L) were identified from 282 F(2) plants and confirmed by genomic in situ hybridization and C-banding analyses. Two homozygous translocations T1DL.1V#3S (plants #14 and #39) were identified from 52 F(3) plants derived from F(2) plant #83. Four homozygous translocations T1DS.1V#3L (plants #3, #22, #29, and #30) were identified from 68 F(3) plants derived from F(2) plant #208. The homozygous translocation T1DL.1V#3S had a significantly higher (37.4 ml) and T1DS.1V#3L had significantly lower (10 ml) Zeleny sedimentation values compared to Chinese Spring wheat (30.7 ml). Our results showed that 1V#3S increased gluten strength and enhanced wheat quality, but 1V#3L decreased gluten strength and did not enhance wheat quality. C1 [Friebe, Bernd; Gill, Bikram S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Zhao, Wanchun; Gao, Xiang; Zhang, Gaisheng; Dong, Jian; Chen, Qijiao] NW A&F Univ, Coll Agron, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Qi, Lili] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Friebe, B (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM friebe@ksu.edu RI wanchun, zhao/F-2789-2010 FU Kansas Wheat Commission; Kansas Crop Improvement Association; USDA-CSREES; China Scholarship Council; Tang Zhong Ying Wheat Breeding Foundation of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University FX We thank John Raupp for editorial and Duane Wilson for excellent technical assistance. This research was supported by grants from the Kansas Wheat Commission, the Kansas Crop Improvement Association, and a special USDA-CSREES grant to the Wheat Genetic and Genomic Resources Center. This research was also supported by a grant from the China Scholarship Council and Tang Zhong Ying Wheat Breeding Foundation of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University. This paper is contribution number 10-255-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD OCT PY 2010 VL 175 IS 3 BP 343 EP 350 DI 10.1007/s10681-010-0177-0 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 644LZ UT WOS:000281380400007 ER PT J AU Gagliardi, ACM Maranhao, RC de Sousa, HP Schaefer, EJ Santos, RD AF Gagliardi, A. C. M. Maranhao, R. C. de Sousa, H. P. Schaefer, E. J. Santos, R. D. TI Effects of margarines and butter consumption on lipid profiles, inflammation markers and lipid transfer to HDL particles in free-living subjects with the metabolic syndrome SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE butter; margarine; plant sterol; metabolic syndrome; HDL; inflammation ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; DIETARY PORTFOLIO; PLANT STEROLS; FAT; MORTALITY; PROTEIN; SIZE; STATIN AB Objective: Our purpose was to examine the effects of daily servings of butter, no-trans-fat margarine and plant sterol margarine, within recommended amounts, on plasma lipids, apolipoproteins (Apos), biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, and on the transfer of lipids to HDL particles in free-living subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Methods: This was a randomized, single-blind study where 53 metabolic syndrome subjects (62% women, mean age 54 years) received isocaloric servings of butter, no-trans-fat margarine or plant sterol margarine in addition to their usual diets for 5 weeks. The main outcome measures were plasma lipids, Apo, inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers (CRP, IL-6, CD40L or E-selectin), small dense LDL cholesterol concentrations and in vitro radioactive lipid transfer from cholesterol-rich emulsions to HDL. Difference among groups was evaluated by analysis of variance. Results: There was a significant reduction in Apo-B (-10.4 %, P = 0.043) and in the Apo-B/Apo-A-1 ratio (-11.1%, P = 0.034) with plant sterol margarine. No changes in plasma lipids were noticed with butter and no-trans-fat margarine. Transfer rates of lipids to HDL were reduced in the no-trans-fat margarine group: triglycerides -42.0%, (P<0.001 vs butter and sterol margarine) and free cholesterol -16.2% (P = 0.006 vs sterol margarine). No significant effects were noted on the concentrations of inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers among the groups. Conclusions: In free-living subjects with the metabolic syndrome consumption of plant sterol and no-trans-fat margarines within recommended amounts reduced, respectively, Apo-B concentrations and the ability of HDL to accept lipids. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2010) 64, 1141-1149; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.122; published online 21 July 2010 C1 [Gagliardi, A. C. M.; Maranhao, R. C.; de Sousa, H. P.; Santos, R. D.] Univ Sao Paulo, Med Sch Hosp, Heart Inst InCor, BR-05403900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Schaefer, E. J.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Santos, RD (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Heart, Lipid Clin, Av Dr Eneas C Aguiar 44,Segundo Andar Sala 4,Bloc, BR-05403900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM raul.santos@incor.usp.br RI Santos, Raul/A-1170-2010; Maranhao, Raul/I-5996-2012; Souza, Heraldo/C-2498-2012 OI Santos, Raul/0000-0002-9860-6582; Maranhao, Raul/0000-0003-1520-4914; FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Pesquisa (National Research and Scientific Council) of Brazil; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); US Department of Agriculture FX This study was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Pesquisa (National Research and Scientific Council) of Brazil, Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Proap and by a contract from the US Department of Agriculture. The spread products were provided by Unilever Corporation and Laticinios Aviacao - Goncalves Salles SA. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 64 IS 10 BP 1141 EP 1149 DI 10.1038/ejcn.2010.122 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 659NM UT WOS:000282573700015 PM 20648041 ER PT J AU Ceglia, L Abrams, SA Harris, SS Rasmussen, HM Dallal, GE Dawson-Hughes, B AF Ceglia, L. Abrams, S. A. Harris, S. S. Rasmussen, H. M. Dallal, G. E. Dawson-Hughes, B. TI A Simple Single Serum Method to Measure Fractional Calcium Absorption using Dual Stable Isotopes SO EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & DIABETES LA English DT Article DE fractional calcium absorption; stable isotopes; (44)Ca; (42)Ca AB The dual stable isotope method with a timed 24-h urine collection is the gold standard approach to measure fractional calcium absorption. However, the need to collect urine for 24 h makes this technique time-consuming and laborious. Our study sought to determine whether a dual isotope method using a single serum sample obtained 4 h after administration of the initial isotope provides a useful approach to measure fractional calcium absorption. Following a metabolic diet with a fixed calcium intake of 30 mmol/day for 10 days, nineteen healthy subjects age 54-74 were given a test meal with an oral isotope ((44)Ca) followed 2 h later by an intravenous isotope ((42)Ca). Once the oral isotope was administered, urine was collected for 24 h, and a serum sample was obtained after 4 h. The ratio of the oral to intravenous isotopes was measured in the urine and serum by mass spectroscopy. Fractional calcium absorption was 16.2 +/- 7.7% by the 4-h single serum method versus 18.5 +/- 7.5% by the 24-h urine method. There was a small mean difference between the urine and serum methods of 2.33% with a confidence interval -3.97 to 8.60%. The two methods showed a strong linear association (r = 0.912, p < 0.001). Use of dual stable isotopes with a 4-h single serum method gives fractional calcium absorption values that are 12.5% lower than with the 24-h urine method; however, it rank orders subjects accurately thus making it a useful alternative method in clinical research applications. C1 [Ceglia, L.; Harris, S. S.; Rasmussen, H. M.; Dallal, G. E.; Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, Jesan Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Abrams, S. A.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. [Abrams, S. A.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Ceglia, L (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jesan Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM lisa.ceglia@tufts.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU Unilever Corporate Research, Bedfordshire, UK; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; [DK007651] FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Dept of Agriculture. We thank the staff at the Metabolic Research Unit at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, and at the Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine for their work on the study. LC was supported by grant DK007651. This research was supported by the Unilever Corporate Research, Bedfordshire, UK. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHANN AMBROSIUS BARTH VERLAG MEDIZINVERLAGE HEIDELBERG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA RUEDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0947-7349 J9 EXP CLIN ENDOCR DIAB JI Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabet. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 118 IS 9 BP 653 EP 656 DI 10.1055/s-0029-1234088 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 664WB UT WOS:000282992900015 PM 19856249 ER PT J AU Poulos, SP Dodson, MV Hausman, GJ AF Poulos, Sylvia P. Dodson, Michael V. Hausman, Gary J. TI Cell line models for differentiation: preadipocytes and adipocytes SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE adipose; adipocyte; preadipocyte; stromal-vascular; differentiation; in vitro ID MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS; STROMAL-VASCULAR CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; BOVINE PERIMUSCULAR PREADIPOCYTES; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; SERUM-FREE CULTURES; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; C/EBP-DELTA; GENE-EXPRESSION; PRECURSOR CELLS AB In vitro models have been invaluable in determining the mechanisms involved in adipocyte proliferation, differentiation, adipokine secretion and gene/protein expression. The cells presently available for research purposes all have unique advantages and disadvantages that one should be aware of when selecting cells. Established cell lines, such as 3T3-L1 cells, are easier and less costly to use than freshly isolated cells, even though freshly isolated cells allow for various comparisons such as the in vitro evaluation of different in vivo conditions that may not be possible using cell lines. Moreover, stem cells, transdifferentiated cells or dedifferentiated cells are relatively new cell models being evaluated for the study of adipocyte regulation and physiology. The focus of this brief review is to highlight similarities and differences in adipocyte models to aid in appropriate model selection and data interpretation for successful advancement of our understanding of adipocyte biology. C1 [Poulos, Sylvia P.] Coca Cola Co, Res & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Dodson, Michael V.] Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hausman, Gary J.] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Poulos, SP (reprint author), Coca Cola Co, Res & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. EM sypoulos@na.ko.com OI Poulos, Sylvia/0000-0002-4476-6679 NR 72 TC 117 Z9 127 U1 3 U2 29 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 235 IS 10 BP 1185 EP 1193 DI 10.1258/ebm.2010.010063 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 670VN UT WOS:000283455500007 PM 20864461 ER PT J AU Huang, LP Yan, M Kirschke, CP AF Huang, Liping Yan, Mi Kirschke, Catherine P. TI Over-expression of ZnT7 increases insulin synthesis and secretion in pancreatic beta-cells by promoting insulin gene transcription SO EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Slc30a7; ZnT7; MRE; Mtf1; Insulin gene expression; Insulin secretion; Glucose stimulation ID MAMMALIAN ZINC TRANSPORTER; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; METALLOTHIONEIN-I GENE; GOLGI-APPARATUS; FACTOR MTF-1; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ELEMENT MRE; MOUSE; MICE; BINDING AB The mechanism by which zinc regulates insulin synthesis and secretion in pancreatic beta-cells is still unclear. Cellular zinc homeostasis is largely maintained by zinc transporters and intracellular zinc binding proteins. In this study, we demonstrated that zinc transporter 7 (ZnT7, Slc30a7) was co-expressed with insulin in the islet of Langerhans in the mouse pancreas. In RIN5mF cells (rat insulinoma cells), ZnT7 was found mainly residing in the perinuclear region of the cell, which is consistent with its Golgi apparatus localization. Over-expression of ZnT7 in RIN5mF cells increased the total cellular insulin content leading to a high basal insulin secretion. Furthermore, glucose-induced insulin secretion was not altered in RIN5mF cells over-expressing Zn17. Quantitative RTPCR and (35)S metabolic labeling analysis demonstrated that over-expression of ZnT7 in RIN5mF cells led to an increase of insulin mRNA expression and subsequent insulin protein synthesis in the cell. Metal-responsive elements (MREs) were identified in the promoter regions of the Ins1 and Ins2 genes. Mtf1, a metal-responsive transcription factor, was shown to specifically bind to the MRE in the Ins genes and activated the insulin gene transcription. Together, the data strongly suggest that ZnT7 plays an important role in regulating insulin expression by modulating Mtf1 transcriptional activity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Huang, Liping; Kirschke, Catherine P.] Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Huang, Liping; Yan, Mi] Univ Calif Davis, Genet Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Huang, Liping] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Huang, LP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM liping.huang@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture CRIS [5603-515-30-014-00D] FX We thank Erik Gertz of the Western Human Nutrition Center and Yu-An Evan Lay and Yue Sun of the Department of Nutrition, UCD, for the technical assistance. We thank Drs. Lei Zhang and Sean H. Adams for the critical review of this manuscript. This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture CRIS (5603-515-30-014-00D). NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4827 J9 EXP CELL RES JI Exp. Cell Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 316 IS 16 BP 2630 EP 2643 DI 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.06.017 PG 14 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 643OG UT WOS:000281305800010 PM 20599947 ER PT J AU Kurtzman, CP Price, NPJ Ray, KJ Kuo, TM AF Kurtzman, Cletus P. Price, Neil P. J. Ray, Karen J. Kuo, Tsung-Min TI Production of sophorolipid biosurfactants by multiple species of the Starmerella (Candida) bombicola yeast clade SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sophorolipids; yeasts; biosurfactant; phylogeny; MALDI-TOF MS ID TORULOPSIS-BOMBICOLA; MICROBIAL-PRODUCTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STRAINS AB Sophorolipids are carbohydrate-based, amphiphilic biosurfactants that are of increasing interest for use in environmentally benign cleaning agents. Sophorolipid production was tested for 26 strains representing 19 species of the Starmerella yeast clade, including Starmerella bombicola and Candida apicola, which were previously reported to produce sophorolipids. Five of the 19 species tested showed significant production of sophorolipids: S. bombicola, C. apicola, Candida riodocensis, Candida stellata and a new species, Candida sp. NRRL Y-27208. A high-throughput matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight MS assay was developed that showed S. bombicola and C. apicola to produce a lactone form of sophorolipid, whereas C. riodocensis, C. stellata and Candida sp. NRRL Y-27208 produced predominantly free acid sophorolipids. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences for the D1/D2 domains of the nuclear large subunit rRNA gene placed all sophorolipid-producing species in the S. bombicola subclade of the Starmerella clade. C1 [Kurtzman, Cletus P.] ARS, Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Price, Neil P. J.; Ray, Karen J.; Kuo, Tsung-Min] ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), ARS, Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM cletus.kurtzman@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 311 IS 2 BP 140 EP 146 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02082.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 654PC UT WOS:000282179400006 PM 20738402 ER PT J AU Al-Chokhachy, R Roper, BB AF Al-Chokhachy, Robert Roper, Brett B. TI Different Approaches to Habitat Surveys Can Impact Fisheries Management and Conservation Decisions SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BULL TROUT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; OREGON STREAMS; ABUNDANCE; COUNTS; VARIABILITY; WASHINGTON; VALIDATION; ATTRIBUTES AB We illustrate how the variability in data collected within and among habitat sampling protocols can profoundly affect the interpretation of habitat quality and quantity, along with the development of habitat-to-fish population metrics. We input data collected from two standardized survey techniques, as well as data collected using one standardized technique with multiple crews, into empirically-based relationships and found the variability in estimates of habitat data resulted in 1-50% differences in predictions of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) egg-to-fry survival rates. Estimates of percent pool habitat collected via different protocols resulted in up to a 3.5-fold difference in juvenile trout abundance. We also found substantial differences in the geomorphic relationships between large woody debris (LWD) and the frequency of pools when using data collected by different protocols. We illustrate how the precision of estimates of LWD and pool frequency can substantially affect data-crosswalk opportunities between habitat data collected via different protocols. The effects of the variability in habitat assessments illustrated here highlights the importance of standardized, well-documented protocols, adequate training of field crews collecting habitat data, and the need to evaluate potential bias and error. C1 [Al-Chokhachy, Robert; Roper, Brett B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Logan, UT USA. RP Al-Chokhachy, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Logan, UT USA. EM ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov RI Roper, Brett/F-2891-2010 FU Bonneville Power Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; EPA; U.S. Forest Service FX We would like to thank J. Faustini, P. Kaufmann, and E. Archer for permitting us to use the data collected by EMAP and PIBO. The Pacific Northwest Aquatic Monitoring Partnership was instrumental in providing the impetus to compare multiple monitoring programs. We thank field crews from Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Washington Department of Environmental Quality, Oregon State University, and PIBO Effectiveness Monitoring Program. Funding was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, EPA, and the U.S. Forest Service. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD OCT PY 2010 VL 35 IS 10 BP 476 EP 488 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-35.10.476 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 685GK UT WOS:000284617000003 ER PT J AU Kang, J Li, ZM Wu, T Jensen, GS Schauss, AG Wu, XL AF Kang, Jie Li, Zhimin Wu, Tong Jensen, Gitte S. Schauss, Alexander G. Wu, Xianli TI Anti-oxidant capacities of flavonoid compounds isolated from acai pulp (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Acai pulp; Flavonoids; ORAC; CAP-e assay; ROS PMN assay ID AMAZONIAN PALM BERRY; FRUIT PULP; FOODS; CONSTITUENTS; BEHAVIOR; SEEDS AB Acai fruit (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) has been demonstrated to exhibit extremely high anti-oxidant capacity. Seven major flavonoids were isolated from freeze-dried acai pulp by various chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated as orientin (1), homoorientin (2), vitexin (3), luteolin (4), chrysoeriol (5), quercetin (6), and dihydrokaempferol (7) by NMR, MS and compared with the reported literature. Compounds 3 and 6 were reported from acai pulp for the first time. Anti-oxidant capacities of these flavonoids were evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, cell-based anti-oxidant protection (CAP-e) assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells (ROS PMN assay). ORAC values varied distinctly (1420-14,800 mu mol TE/g) among the seven compounds based on numbers and positions of hydroxyl groups and/or other substitute groups. The ORAC values of aglycones are generally higher than that of glycosides. CAP-e results indicated that only three compounds (4,6 and 7) could enter the cytosol and contribute to the reduction of oxidative damage within the cell. The ROS PMN assay showed that five compounds (2-3 and 5-7) demonstrated exceptional effects by reducing ROS formation in PMN cells, which produced high amounts of ROS under oxidative stress. In evaluating the anti-oxidant capacity of natural products, combining both chemical and cell-based assays will provide more comprehensive understanding of anti-oxidant effects and potential biological relevance. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kang, Jie; Wu, Xianli] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, USDA Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Li, Zhimin; Wu, Tong] Shanghai Inst Pharmaceut Ind, Shanghai 200040, Peoples R China. [Jensen, Gitte S.] NIS Labs, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA. [Schauss, Alexander G.] AIBMR Life Sci Inc, Puyallup, WA 98373 USA. RP Wu, XL (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, USDA Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 15 Childrens Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM wuxianli@uams.edu FU MonaVie LLC (Salt Lake City, UT) FX The authors wish to thank Steve G. Carter and Kimberlee A. Redman from NIS Labs for excellent technical assistance in CAP-e and ROS PMN assays; Yue Li, Huimin Wang, Danyu Hua and Liangyan Yang from Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Minjie Xue and Jianjun Wu from Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, for MS and NMR measurements. The authors appreciated the financial support of MonaVie LLC (Salt Lake City, UT) that was required to carry out this study. NR 27 TC 71 Z9 78 U1 5 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 122 IS 3 BP 610 EP 617 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.020 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 605OU UT WOS:000278357700022 ER PT J AU Bolling, BW Dolnikowski, G Blumberg, JB Chen, CYO AF Bolling, Bradley W. Dolnikowski, Gregory Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Chen, C. -Y. Oliver TI Polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of California almonds depend on cultivar and harvest year SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Almonds; Flavonoid; Polyphenols; Antioxidant; Year; Folin; FRAP; LC-MS; Skin ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; CHEMOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION; GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; SKIN POLYPHENOLS; VITAMIN-C; FLAVONOIDS; QUANTIFICATION; NETHERLANDS; OXIDATION AB The polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of Nonpareil, Carmel, Butte, Sonora, Fritz, Mission, and Monterey almond cultivars harvested over three seasons in California were examined. LC-MS was employed to quantify 16 flavonoids and two phenolic acids in acidified methanol extracts of almond skins. The 3-year mean polyphenol content of cultivars ranged from 4.0 to 10.7 mg/100 g almonds. Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside was the most abundant flavonoid, present at 28-49% of total polyphenols among cultivars. Almonds from 2006 and 2007 had 13% fewer polyphenols than 2005, but FRAP and total phenols were comparable. Cultivar, but not season, had a differential impact on individual polyphenol synthesis. Using the results of polyphenol, total phenol, and FRAP, multivariate analysis distinguished harvest years and most cultivars with 80% confidence. Flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of almonds may be more dependent on cultivar than on seasonal differences. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bolling, Bradley W.; Blumberg, Jeffrey B.; Chen, C. -Y. Oliver] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dolnikowski, Gregory] Tufts Univ, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Chen, CYO (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM oliver.chen@tufts.edu OI Bolling, Bradley/0000-0002-4222-2467 FU Almond Board of California; 115 Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [K12GM074869] FX Supported by the Almond Board of California, 115 Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-1950-7-707, and K12GM074869 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the NIGMS, NIH, or USDA nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organisations imply endorsement by the US government. NR 37 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 122 IS 3 BP 819 EP 825 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.068 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 605OU UT WOS:000278357700052 PM 25544797 ER PT J AU Kim, HR Hou, CT Lee, KT Kim, BH Kim, IH AF Kim, Hak-Ryul Hou, Ching T. Lee, Ki-Teak Kim, Byung Hee Kim, In-Hwan TI Enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids using a novel cold-active lipase from Pichia lynferdii NRRL Y-7723 SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Acidolysis; Borage oil; Caprylic acid; Enzyme loading; Novel lipase; Regiospecifity; Structured lipids; Temperature ID GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID; EVENING PRIMROSE OIL; ATOPIC ECZEMA; FATTY-ACIDS; TRIGLYCERIDES; HYDROLYSIS; 2-POSITION; ENZYMES; BORAGE; VITRO AB Structured lipids (SL) were synthesized by the acidolysis of borage oil with caprylic acid using lipases. Six commercial lipases from different sources and a novel lipase from Pichia lynferdii NRRL Y-7723 were screened for their acidolysis activities and Lipozyme RM IM and NRRL Y-7723 lipase were selected to synthesize symmetrical SL since recently NRRL Y-7723 lipase was identified as a novel cold-active lipase. Both lipases showed 1,3-regiospecifity toward the glycerol backbone of borage oil. The effects of enzyme loading and temperature on caprylic acid incorporation into the borage oil were investigated. For Lipozyme RM IM and NRRL Y-7723 lipase, the incorporation of caprylic acid increased as enzyme loading increased up to 4% of total weight of the substrate, but significant increases were not observed when enzyme loading was further increased. The activity of NRRL Y-7723 lipase was higher than that of Lipozyme RM IM in the temperature range between 10 and 20 degrees C. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, In-Hwan] Korea Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 136703, South Korea. [Kim, Hak-Ryul] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Hou, Ching T.] ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Lee, Ki-Teak] Chungnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Taejon, South Korea. [Kim, Byung Hee] Chung Ang Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Ansung 456756, Kyunggido, South Korea. RP Kim, IH (reprint author), Korea Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 136703, South Korea. EM k610in@korea.ac.kr FU Korea Research Foundation [KRF-2000-003-G00070] FX This work was supported by a Korea Research Foundation Grant KRF-2000-003-G00070. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 122 IS 3 BP 846 EP 849 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.067 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 605OU UT WOS:000278357700057 ER PT J AU Khanal, RC Rogers, TJ Wilkes, SE Howard, LR Prior, RL AF Khanal, Ramesh C. Rogers, Theodore J. Wilkes, Samuel E. Howard, Luke R. Prior, Ronald L. TI Effects of dietary consumption of cranberry powder on metabolic parameters in growing rats fed high fructose diets SO FOOD & FUNCTION LA English DT Article ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; CINNAMON EXTRACT; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; COMMON FOODS; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; TRIGLYCERIDES; PROCYANIDINS; HOMEOSTASIS; DISEASE AB The effect of dietary consumption of a cranberry powder (CP) containing increased amounts of procyanidins and other phytochemicals on metabolic parameters associated with metabolic syndrome was investigated in growing rats fed a high fructose diet. Dietary treatments were control (starch based), high fructose (HF), and HF containing either 3.3, 6.6, or 33 g CP/kg diet. Fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides tended to be higher with HF feeding and were reduced by feeding CP. The area under curve following an oral glucose tolerance test was 35-50% higher in animals fed HF diet vs. control and was decreased to control levels by the low or medium but not high CP diet. Feeding CP tended to lower fasting plasma insulin. Homeostatic models of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-BCF) were lowest in animals fed low or medium CP diets (p < 0.05). Rats fed the control starch diet had slightly higher food intake, final body weight, and abdominal fat compared to animals fed other diets. Kidney weight was higher in HF group and feeding CP decreased kidney weight to normal levels. In the fed state, plasma triglyceride was increased with HF diet, whereas insulin was lower in animals fed HF diet. Overall, inclusion of CP in the diet was effective in modulating some aspects of metabolic parameters associated with metabolic syndrome and the medium level of CP in the diet produced a better response than the lower and higher CP levels. C1 [Khanal, Ramesh C.; Rogers, Theodore J.; Wilkes, Samuel E.; Prior, Ronald L.] USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Khanal, Ramesh C.; Howard, Luke R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Prior, Ronald L.] ARS, USDA, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Khanal, RC (reprint author), USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 15 Childrens Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM rpriorl@cablelynx.com FU Decas Botanicals Inc.; Arkansas Biosciences Institute; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service FX Financial support was provided in part by Decas Botanicals Inc., the Arkansas Biosciences Institute and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-6496 J9 FOOD FUNCT JI Food Funct. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 116 EP 123 DI 10.1039/c0fo00089b PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA 758DG UT WOS:000290140200009 PM 21776462 ER PT J AU Williams, MS Withee, JL Ebel, ED Bauer, NE Schlosser, WD Disney, WT Smith, DR Moxley, RA AF Williams, Michael S. Withee, James L. Ebel, Eric D. Bauer, Nathan E., Jr. Schlosser, Wayne D. Disney, William T. Smith, David R. Moxley, Rodney A. TI Determining Relationships Between the Seasonal Occurrence of Escherichia coli O157/H7 in Live Cattle, Ground Beef, and Humans SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; MAJOR RISK-FACTORS; FOODNET SITES; O157-H7; PREVALENCE; INFECTIONS; HAMBURGERS; SCOTLAND AB The prevalence and concentration of many foodborne pathogens exhibit seasonal patterns at different stages of the farm-to-table continuum. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one such pathogen. While numerous studies have described the seasonal trend of E. coli O157:H7 in live cattle, ground beef, and human cases, it is difficult to relate the results from these different studies and determine the interrelationships that drive the seasonal pattern of beef-related human illnesses. This study uses a common modeling approach, which facilitates the comparisons across data sets, to relate prevalence in live cattle to raw ground beef and human illness. The results support an intuitive model where a seasonal rise of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle drives increased ground beef prevalence and a corresponding rise in the human case rate. We also demonstrate the use of these models to assess the public health impact of consumer behaviors. We present an example that suggests that the probability of illness, associated with summertime cooking and handling practices, is not substantially higher than the baseline probability associated with more conventional cooking and handling practices during the remainder of the year. C1 [Williams, Michael S.; Withee, James L.; Ebel, Eric D.; Bauer, Nathan E., Jr.; Schlosser, Wayne D.; Disney, William T.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment Div, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Smith, David R.; Moxley, Rodney A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Williams, MS (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment Div, USDA, 2150 D Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mike.williams@fsis.usda.gov OI Moxley, Rodney/0000-0002-5377-7716 NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 7 IS 10 BP 1247 EP 1254 DI 10.1089/fpd.2010.0576 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 662LC UT WOS:000282807800016 PM 20578912 ER PT J AU Balci, Y Long, RP Mansfield, M Balser, D MacDonald, WL AF Balci, Y. Long, R. P. Mansfield, M. Balser, D. MacDonald, W. L. TI Involvement of Phytophthora species in white oak (Quercus alba) decline in southern Ohio SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOREST SOILS; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; POPULATION-LEVELS; SITE FACTORS; ROOT DAMAGE; SP NOV.; CINNAMOMI; DISEASE; IMPACT; PATHOGENICITY AB P>This study was initiated to investigate the possible role of Phytophthora species in white oak decline (Quercus alba) in southern Ohio at Scioto Trail State Forest. Surveys demonstrated the presence of four species of Phytophthora including one novel species. By far, the most common species was P. cinnamomi; P. citricola and P. cambivora were isolated infrequently. In few instances, P. cinnamomi was isolated from fine roots and necroses on larger roots. No special pattern of incidence was found, but P. cinnamomi was more commonly isolated from greater Integrated Moisture Index values suggesting moist lower bottomlands favour this Phytophthora species. When tree crown condition was examined relative to the presence of Phytophthora, no significant association was found. However, roots of declining P. cinnamomi-infested trees had 2.5 times less fine roots than non-infested and healthy trees, which was significantly different. The population densities of P. cinnamomi from declining trees were significantly greater than from healthy trees, suggesting increased pathogen activity that has the potential to cause dieback and decline and possibly the cause of a reduced fine root amount found on declining trees. C1 [Balci, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Long, R. P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH USA. [Mansfield, M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Balser, D.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Forestry, Columbus, OH USA. [MacDonald, W. L.] W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Balci, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, 2114 Plant Sci Build, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ybalci@umd.edu RI Balci, Yilmaz/B-3420-2013 FU USDA-Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry [06-CA-11244225-316] FX This research was made possible by funding from the USDA-Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Monitoring Program, Evaluation Monitoring component (06-CA-11244225-316). We wish to thank Selin Balci, for her excellent assistance during the extensive lab routines. Special thanks are given to Stephanie Colwell, Jim Stein, Clayton Rico, Timothy Fox, and Joan Jolliff for conducting field sampling and data collection. We also like to thank both anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions that have greatly improved the manuscript. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 40 IS 5 BP 430 EP 442 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2009.00617.x PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 658SI UT WOS:000282509300002 ER PT J AU Love-Myers, KR Clark, A Schimleck, LR Dougherty, PM Daniels, RF AF Love-Myers, Kimberly R. Clark, Alexander, III Schimleck, Laurence R. Dougherty, Phillip M. Daniels, Richard F. TI The Effects of Irrigation and Fertilization on Specific Gravity of Loblolly Pine SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE water availability; optimal fertilization; specific gravity; wood properties ID GROWTH-RESPONSES; RING WIDTH; WOOD; DENSITY; RADIATA; DYNAMICS; NUTRIENT AB The effects of two treatments, irrigation and fertilization, were examined on specific gravity (SG)-related wood properties of loblolly pine trees (Pin us taeda L.) grown in Scotland County, North Carolina. The effects on the core as a whole, on the juvenile core, on the mature core, and from year to year were all analyzed. The results indicate that fertilization significantly lowered latewood SG, overall SG, and percent latewood and did so consistently throughout the period of study. Irrigation significantly lowered earlywood SG during the phase of juvenile wood production but significantly raised latewood SG during the period of mature wood production. Significant interaction between fertilization and irrigation indicated that irrigation helped overall SG and percent latewood of fertilized trees to increase to the level of untreated trees. Therefore, this study provides evidence that although fertilization significantly affects several SG;related properties, water availability is beneficial to the fertilization process; over time, an adequate water supply may help fertilized trees to maintain SG levels similar to those of unfertilized trees. FOR. SCI. 56(5):484-493. C1 [Love-Myers, Kimberly R.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Clark, Alexander, III] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Love-Myers, KR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM krlove@warnell.uga.edu; aclark@fed.us.gov; lschimleck@warnell.uga.edu; pmdough@arborgen.com; ddaniels@warnell.uga.edu FU Wood Quality Consortium, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia FX We thank the Wood Quality Consortium, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, for funding this project, and providing the laboratory analysis of the core samples and the North Carolina State Forest Nutrition Cooperative for access to the Southeast Tree Research and Education Site experiment. We are indebted to the US Forest Service, Athens, Georgia, for their valuable support in conducting this study. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 56 IS 5 BP 484 EP 493 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 665GR UT WOS:000283023900008 ER PT J AU Herrick, JE Lessard, VC Spaeth, KE Shaver, PL Dayton, RS Pyke, DA Jolley, L Goebel, JJ AF Herrick, Jeffrey E. Lessard, Veronica C. Spaeth, Kenneth E. Shaver, Patrick L. Dayton, Robert S. Pyke, David A. Jolley, Leonard Goebel, J. Jeffery TI National ecosystem assessments supported by scientific and local knowledge SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID RESOURCES INVENTORY; RANGELAND HEALTH; LAND DEGRADATION; TREND ANALYSIS; DESERTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; DYNAMICS; SCIENCE; DESIGN AB An understanding of the extent of land degradation and recovery is necessary to guide land-use policy and management, yet currently available land-quality assessments are widely known to be inadequate. Here, we present the results of the first statistically based application of a new approach to national assessments that integrates scientific and local knowledge. Qualitative observations completed at over 10 000 plots in the United States showed that while soil degradation remains an issue, loss of biotic integrity is more wide-spread. Quantitative soil and vegetation data collected at the same locations support the assessments and serve as a baseline for monitoring the effectiveness of policy and management initiatives, including responses to climate change. These results provide the information necessary to support strategic decisions by land managers and policy makers. C1 [Herrick, Jeffrey E.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Lessard, Veronica C.; Dayton, Robert S.] USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv NRCS, Resources Inventory & Assessment Div, Ames, IA USA. [Spaeth, Kenneth E.] USDA NRCS, Cent Natl Technol Support Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Shaver, Patrick L.] USDA NRCS, W Natl Technol Support Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Jolley, Leonard; Goebel, J. Jeffery] USDA NRCS, Resource Inventory & Assessment Div, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Herrick, JE (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jherrick@nmsu.edu NR 44 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 36 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 8 IS 8 BP 403 EP 408 DI 10.1890/100017 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 660PL UT WOS:000282655500012 ER PT J AU Dijkstra, FA Blumenthal, D Morgan, JA LeCain, DR Follett, RF AF Dijkstra, Feike A. Blumenthal, Dana Morgan, Jack A. LeCain, Daniel R. Follett, Ronald F. TI Elevated CO2 effects on semi-arid grassland plants in relation to water availability and competition SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elevated atmospheric CO2; forbs; C-3 and C-4 grasses; greenhouse experiment; inter- and intraspecific competition; nitrogen dynamics; semi-arid grassland; water availability ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES; NITROGEN UPTAKE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; N AVAILABILITY; ENRICHMENT; SOIL AB P>1. It has been suggested that much of the elevated CO2 effect on plant productivity and N cycling in semi-arid grasslands is related to a CO2-induced increase in soil moisture, but the relative importance of moisture-mediated and direct effects of CO2 remain unclear. 2. We grew five grassland species common to the semi-arid grasslands of northern Colorado, USA, as monocultures and as mixtures of all five species in pots. We examined the effects of atmospheric CO2 concentration (ambient vs. 780 p.p.m.) and soil moisture (15 vs. 20% m/m) on plant biomass and plant N uptake. Our objective was to separate CO2 effects not related to water from water-mediated CO2 effects by frequently watering the pots, thereby eliminating most of the elevated CO2 effects on soil moisture, and including a water treatment similar in magnitude to the water-savings effect of CO2. 3. Biomass of the C-3 grasses Hesperostipa comata and Pascopyrum smithii increased under elevated CO2, biomass of the C-4 grass Bouteloua gracilis increased with increased soil moisture, while biomass of the forbs Artemisia frigida and Linaria dalmatica had no or mixed responses. Increased plant N uptake contributed to the increase in plant biomass with increased soil moisture while the increase in plant biomass with CO2 enrichment was mostly a result of increased N use efficiency (NUE). Species-specific responses to elevated CO2 and increased soil moisture differed between monocultures and mixtures. Both under elevated CO2 and with increased soil moisture, certain species gained N in mixtures at the expense of species that lost N, but elevated CO2 led to a different set of winners and losers than did increased water. 4. Elevated CO2 can directly increase plant productivity of semi-arid grasslands through increased NUE, while a CO2-induced increase in soil moisture stimulating net N mineralization could further enhance plant productivity through increased N uptake. Our results further indicate that the largest positive and negative effects of elevated CO2 and increased soil moisture on plant productivity occur with interspecific competition. Responses of this grassland community to elevated CO2 and water may be both contingent upon and accentuated by competition. C1 [Dijkstra, Feike A.; Blumenthal, Dana; Morgan, Jack A.; LeCain, Daniel R.] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Follett, Ronald F.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant & Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Dijkstra, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM feike.dijkstra@ars.usda.gov RI Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012; Dijkstra, Feike/H-2182-2012; OI Dijkstra, Feike/0000-0002-6191-6018 FU Agricultural Research Service FX We thank Caitlin Brooks, Ed Buenger, Alison Eden, Joseph Hansen, Erik Hardy, Patrick McCusker, and David Smith for technical assistance and Wayne Polley and Stephen Prior for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This publication is based upon work supported by the Agricultural Research Service under the ARS GRACEnet Project. NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1152 EP 1161 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01717.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 651AA UT WOS:000281895800024 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Campbell, BC Mahoney, N Chan, KL Molyneux, RJ Balajee, A AF Kim, Jong H. Campbell, Bruce C. Mahoney, Noreen Chan, Kathleen L. Molyneux, Russell J. Balajee, Arunmozhi TI Augmenting the activity of antifungal agents against aspergilli using structural analogues of benzoic acid as chemosensitizing agents SO FUNGAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amphotericin B; Antifungal drugs; Aspergillosis; Aspergillus; Chemosensitization; Fluconazole; MAPK; Natural products; Oxidative stress; Resistance ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; AMPHOTERICIN-B; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; FLUCONAZOLE RESISTANCE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; YEAST; FUMIGATUS; GENES; ENHANCEMENT AB A number of benzoic acid analogues showed antifungal activity against strains of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus terreus, causative agents of human aspergillosis, in in vitro bioassays. Structure activity analysis revealed that antifungal activities of benzoic and gallic acids were increased by addition of a methyl, methoxyl or chloro group at position 4 of the aromatic ring, or by esterification of the carboxylic acid with an alkyl group, respectively. Thymol, a natural phenolic compound, was a potent chemosensitizing agent when co-applied with the antifungal azole drugs fluconazole and ketoconazole. The thymol-azole drug combination demonstrated complete inhibition of fungal growth at dosages far lower than the drugs alone. Co-application of thymol with amphotericin B had an additive effect on all strains of aspergilli tested with the exception of two of three strains of A. terreus, where there was an antagonistic effect. Use of two mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) mutants of A. fumigatus, sakA Delta and mpkC Delta, having gene deletions in the oxidative stress response pathway, indicated antifungal and/or chemosensitization activity of the benzo analogues was by disruption of the oxidative stress response system. Results showed that both these genes play overlapping roles in the MAPK system in this fungus. The potential of safe, natural compounds or analogues to serve as chemosensitizing agents to enhance efficacy of commercial antifungal agents is discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. C1 [Kim, Jong H.; Campbell, Bruce C.; Mahoney, Noreen; Chan, Kathleen L.; Molyneux, Russell J.] USDA ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Balajee, Arunmozhi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Campbell, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bruce.campbell@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [5325-42000-035-00D]; Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission [CP-07-701]; Thomas J. Walsh Clinical Mycology Award FX This research was conducted under USDA-ARS CRIS Projects 5325-42000-035-00D, Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission Project # CP-07-701 and The Thomas J. Walsh Clinical Mycology Award, 2008. We thank Dr. Gregory S. May at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas for kindly providing us A. fumigatus sakA Delta, and mpkC Delta strains. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1878-6146 J9 FUNGAL BIOL-UK JI Fungal Biol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 114 IS 10 BP 817 EP 824 DI 10.1016/j.funbio.2010.07.008 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 676JB UT WOS:000283906000003 PM 20943191 ER PT J AU Soleri, D Koehmstedt, A Aradhya, MK Polito, V Pinney, K AF Soleri, D. Koehmstedt, A. Aradhya, M. K. Polito, V. Pinney, K. TI Comparing the historic olive trees (Olea europaea L.) of Santa Cruz Island with contemporaneous trees in the Santa Barbara, CA area: a case study of diversity and structure in an introduced agricultural species conserved in situ SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE California USA; Crop genetic resources; Crop introduction; Gene flow; Geographic distribution; In situ conservation; Olive; Olea europaea; SSRs ID SEQUENCE REPEATS SSRS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; POPULATIONS; CULTIVARS; MAIZE; IDENTIFICATION; WILD AB Historic populations of crop species outside their centers of origin and diversity, like the domestic olive (Olea europaea L.) in North America, are genetic resources for contemporary agriculture, including genotypes that could be readily evaluated for, and may be adapted to, local conditions. The primary goal of this study was to describe the diversity and structure of several significant, adjacent, contemporaneous historic olive plantings in central coastal California, USA with reference to the USDA ex situ Olea europaea germplasm, and test the hypothesis that physical and chronological proximity are predictive of genetic similarity in those trees. The groups studied using 14 SSR markers were dominated by a limited number of genotypes represented in the USDA collection, but also four unique cultivar genotypes not in that collection. Historical socioeconomic networks appear to have had an important influence on the source and kind of material planted. This is the first study of historic olive trees conserved in situ in North America and provides the basis for a larger regional study integrating genetic, historical and geographic data to describe the structure and diversity of remaining historic olive plantings in California. C1 [Soleri, D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Koehmstedt, A.; Aradhya, M. K.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA Germplasm Repository, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Koehmstedt, A.; Polito, V.; Pinney, K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Soleri, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM soleri@es.ucsb.edu FU Pearl Chase Foundation of UC Santa Barbara; USDA-GRCP FX We thank the following people for their valuable assistance and insights: Carlo and Nancy Bottiani Jr; Marla Daly, Santa Cruz Island Foundation; Jeff Hemphill, formerly with UCSB; Jeff Howarth, formerly with UCSB; Fermina Murray; Paula Power Channel Island National Park; Tino Ziliotto, The Italian Grocery of Santa Barbara and two anonymous reviewers. Special thanks to Ann Huston Channel Island National Park, for support in many forms including logistical assistance and access to historical reference materials. This research was supported in part by grants from the Pearl Chase Foundation of UC Santa Barbara; USDA-GRCP; and in kind contributions from Channel Island National Park. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 57 IS 7 BP 973 EP 984 DI 10.1007/s10722-010-9537-9 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 638PS UT WOS:000280907700002 ER PT J AU Morris, JB AF Morris, J. B. TI Morphological and reproductive characterization of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) genetic resources regenerated in Georgia, USA SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Guar; Cluster analysis; Principal component analysis; Variability; Dendrogram; Morphology; Reproduction AB Guar, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba is used worldwide for food stabilization, fiber source, food, and industry. The United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit (USDA, ARS, PGRCU) conserves 1,298 accessions originating from India, Pakistan, and breeding lines from the USA. My objectives were to determine: (1) if these guar accessions can successfully be regenerated in Georgia, USA, (2) which traits contribute the most variation, and (3) to provide estimates for genetic relatedness among these accessions. Guar accessions were directly seeded to the field in Griffin, GA between early May and mid June 2006-2008. At 50% maturity, 73 accessions were characterized for morphological, phenological, and reproductive traits during the regeneration cycles. High quality plants regenerated from most of the accessions and produced 80 to more than 9,300 seeds per accession. Guar can be successfully grown and regenerated in Griffin, GA. Coefficients of variation and principal component analysis revealed variability among accessions for these traits evaluated. Cluster analysis separated guar accessions into three groups (clusters) based on low, intermediate or high seed numbers. Guar accessions clustered in groups 2 and 3 appear to be more genetically related than those in group 1. C1 ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, USDA, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Morris, JB (reprint author), ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, USDA, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM Brad.Morris@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 57 IS 7 BP 985 EP 993 DI 10.1007/s10722-010-9538-8 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 638PS UT WOS:000280907700003 ER PT J AU Hadziabdic, D Fitzpatrick, BM Wang, X Wadl, PA Rinehart, TA Ownley, BH Windham, MT Trigiano, RN AF Hadziabdic, D. Fitzpatrick, B. M. Wang, X. Wadl, P. A. Rinehart, T. A. Ownley, B. H. Windham, M. T. Trigiano, R. N. TI Analysis of genetic diversity in flowering dogwood natural stands using microsatellites: the effects of dogwood anthracnose SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Cornus florida; Native dogwood populations; Dogwood anthracnose; Microsatellites; Genetic diversity; Mortality ID CORNUS-FLORIDA L.; DISCULA-DESTRUCTIVA REDLIN; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; POPULATION-SIZE; CUMBERLAND PLATEAU; FOREST COMPOSITION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; ALLELIC RICHNESS; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY AB Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) populations recently have experienced severe declines caused by dogwood anthracnose. Mortality has ranged from 48 to 98%, raising the concern that genetic diversity has been reduced significantly. Microsatellite data were used to evaluate the level and distribution of genetic variation throughout much of the native range of the tree. Genetic variation in areas affected by anthracnose was as high as or higher than areas without die-offs. We found evidence of four widespread, spatially contiguous genetic clusters. However, there was little relationship between geographic distance and genetic difference. These observations suggest that high dispersal rates and large effective population sizes have so far prevented rapid loss of genetic diversity. The effects of anthracnose on demography and community structure are likely to be far more consequential than short-term genetic effects. C1 [Hadziabdic, D.; Wadl, P. A.; Ownley, B. H.; Windham, M. T.; Trigiano, R. N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Fitzpatrick, B. M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wang, X.] Texas A&M Syst, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. [Rinehart, T. A.] USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Trigiano, RN (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM rtrigian@utk.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture [58-6404-2-0057] FX Authors thank the United States Department of Agriculture (Agreement number 58-6404-2-0057) for financial support. NR 74 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD OCT PY 2010 VL 138 IS 9-10 BP 1047 EP 1057 DI 10.1007/s10709-010-9490-8 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 657SG UT WOS:000282432000013 PM 20820882 ER PT J AU Baker, MK Kennedy, DJ Bohle, PL Singh, MAF AF Baker, M. K. Kennedy, D. J. Bohle, P. L. Singh, M. A. Fiatarone TI CORE SELF-EVALUATION AS A NOVEL PREDICTOR OF STRENGTH TRAINING ADOPTION IN OLDER ADULTS SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Baker, M. K.; Singh, M. A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Exercise Hlth & Performance Res Grp, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia. [Singh, M. A. Fiatarone] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Singh, M. A. Fiatarone] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Kennedy, D. J.; Bohle, P. L.] Univ Sydney, Ageing & Human Dev Res Grp, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia. RI Baker, Michael/E-9514-2010; Bohle, Philip/K-6397-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2010 VL 50 SU 1 BP 116 EP 116 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 703UL UT WOS:000286006701554 ER PT J AU Baker, MK Kennedy, DJ Bohle, PL Singh, MAF AF Baker, M. K. Kennedy, D. J. Bohle, P. L. Singh, M. A. Fiatarone TI ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS INFLUENCE STRENGTH TRAINING ADOPTION IN OLDER ADULTS SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Baker, M. K.; Singh, M. A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Exercise Hlth & Performance Res Grp, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia. [Singh, M. A. Fiatarone] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Singh, M. A. Fiatarone] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Kennedy, D. J.; Bohle, P. L.] Univ Sydney, Ageing & Human Dev Res Grp, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia. RI Baker, Michael/E-9514-2010; Bohle, Philip/K-6397-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2010 VL 50 SU 1 BP 360 EP 361 PG 2 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 703UL UT WOS:000286006702842 ER PT J AU Castellano, MJ Schmidt, JP Kaye, JP Walker, C Graham, CB Lin, H Dell, CJ AF Castellano, Michael J. Schmidt, John P. Kaye, Jason P. Walker, Charles Graham, Chris B. Lin, Henry Dell, Curtis J. TI Hydrological and biogeochemical controls on the timing and magnitude of nitrous oxide flux across an agricultural landscape SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE matric potential; nitrogen; soil hydrology; water filled pore space ID FILLED PORE-SPACE; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; EMISSION FACTORS; SOIL-MOISTURE; N2O EMISSIONS; WATER-CONTENT; NO EMISSIONS; COMPACTION; CO2; TERRESTRIAL AB Anticipated increases in precipitation intensity due to climate change may affect hydrological controls on soil N(2)O fluxes, resulting in a feedback between climate change and soil greenhouse gas emissions. We evaluated soil hydrologic controls on N(2)O emissions during experimental water table fluctuations in large, intact soil columns amended with 100 kg ha-1 KNO(3)-N. Soil columns were collected from three landscape positions that vary in hydrological and biogeochemical properties (N = 12 columns). We flooded columns from bottom to surface to simulate water table fluctuations that are typical for this site, and expected to increase given future climate change scenarios. After the soil was saturated to the surface, we allowed the columns to drain freely while monitoring volumetric soil water content, matric potential and N(2)O emissions over 96 h. Across all landscape positions and replicate soil columns, there was a positive linear relationship between total soil N and the log of cumulative N(2)O emissions (r2 = 0.47; P = 0.013). Within individual soil columns, N(2)O flux was a Gaussian function of water-filled pore space (WFPS) during drainage (mean r2 = 0.90). However, instantaneous maximum N(2)O flux rates did not occur at a consistent WFPS, ranging from 63% to 98% WFPS across landscape positions and replicate soil columns. In contrast, instantaneous maximum N(2)O flux rates occurred within a narrow range (-1.88 to -4.48 kPa) of soil matric potential that approximated field capacity. The relatively consistent relationship between maximum N(2)O flux rates and matric potential indicates that water filled pore size is an important factor affecting soil N(2)O fluxes. These data demonstrate that matric potential is the strongest predictor of the timing of N(2)O fluxes across soils that differ in texture, structure and bulk density. C1 [Castellano, Michael J.; Kaye, Jason P.; Walker, Charles; Graham, Chris B.; Lin, Henry] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schmidt, John P.; Dell, Curtis J.] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Castellano, MJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 116 Agr Sci & Ind Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mjc471@psu.edu RI Lin, Henry/E-8234-2011; Graham, Chris/B-1736-2012; Castellano, Michael/A-9687-2008 OI Castellano, Michael/0000-0003-1411-7931 FU USDA; USDA-ARS FX We would like to thank Arlene Adviento-Borbe, Krystal Bealing, Sara Eckert, Sarah Fishel, Kristen Jurinko, Michelle Knabb, David Lewis and Marshall McDaniel for laboratory assistance. M. J. C was supported by a USDA National Needs Graduate Fellowship. This research was funded by the USDA-ARS. Trade or manufacturers' names mentioned in the paper are for information only and do not constitute endorsement, recommendation or exclusion by the USDA-ARS. NR 42 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 67 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2711 EP 2720 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02116.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 648FV UT WOS:000281676700007 ER PT J AU Karlen, DL AF Karlen, Douglas L. TI Corn stover feedstock trials to support predictive modeling SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE bioenergy; landscape management; REAP; soil quality; sustainable feedstock production ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; PRECISION AGRICULTURE SYSTEM; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; RESIDUE REMOVAL; CROP RESIDUES; ECONOMIC-IMPACTS; GRASSLAND SOILS; UNITED-STATES; EROSION AB To be sustainable, feedstock harvest must neither degrade soil, water, or air resources nor negatively impact productivity or subsequent crop yields. Simulation modeling will help guide the development of sustainable feedstock production practices, but not without field validation. This paper introduces field research being conducted in six states to support Sun Grant Regional Partnership modeling. Our objectives are to (1) provide a fundamental understanding of limiting factor(s) affecting corn (Zea mays L.) stover harvest, (2) develop tools (e. g., equations, models, etc.) that account for those factors, and (3) create a multivariant analysis framework to combine models for all limiting factors. Sun Grant modelers will use this information to improve regional estimates of feedstock availability. A minimum data set, including soil organic carbon (SOC), total N, pH, bulk density (BD), and soil-test phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) concentrations, is being collected. Stover yield for three treatments (0%, 50%, and 90% removal) and concentrations of N, P, and K in the harvested stover are being quantified to assess the impact of stover harvest on soil resources. Grain yield at a moisture content of 155 g kg(-1) averaged 9.71 Mg ha(-1), matching the 2008 national average. Stover dry matter harvest rates ranged from 0 to 7 Mg ha(-1). Harvesting stover increased N-P-K removal by an average of 42, 5, and 45 kg ha(-1) compared with harvesting only grain. Replacing those three nutrients would cost $53.68 ha(-1) based on 2009 fertilizer prices. This first-year data and that collected in subsequent years is being used to develop a residue management tool that will ultimately link multiple feedstock supplies together in a landscape vision to help develop a comprehensive carbon management plan, quantify corn stover harvest effects on soil quality, and predict regional variability in feedstock supplies. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Karlen, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM doug.karlen@ars.usda.gov FU North Central Regional Sun Grant Center at South Dakota State University, US Department of Energy Office of Biomass Programs [DE-FC36-05GO85041] FX This work contributes to the objectives of the USDA-ARS cross-location Renewable Energy Assessment Project (REAP). It was presented in part at the American Society of Agronomy (ASA) Division 10 Symposium - Estimating Current and Future Biomass Feedstocks at the Annual Meeting in Pittsburgh, PA, on November 2, 2009, and was funded in part by the North Central Regional Sun Grant Center at South Dakota State University through a grant provided by the US Department of Energy Office of Biomass Programs under award number DE-FC36-05GO85041. The author thanks all REAP and Regional Partnership members for their contribution to this paper. The US Department of Agriculture offers its programs to all eligible persons regardless of race, color, age, sex, or national origin, and is an equal opportunity employer. NR 79 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1757-1693 J9 GCB BIOENERGY JI GCB Bioenergy PD OCT PY 2010 VL 2 IS 5 BP 235 EP 247 DI 10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01061.x PG 13 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 648GD UT WOS:000281677600003 ER PT J AU Sun, G Zhu, C Kramer, MH Yang, SS Song, W Piepho, HP Yu, J AF Sun, G. Zhu, C. Kramer, M. H. Yang, S-S Song, W. Piepho, H-P Yu, J. TI Variation explained in mixed-model association mapping SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE QTL mapping; association mapping; genetic variation; maize ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; SPATIAL GENETIC-STRUCTURE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; GOODNESS-OF-FIT; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COMPLEX TRAITS; SELECTION; RELATEDNESS; DIFFERENTIATION AB Genomic mapping of complex traits across species demands integrating genetics and statistics. In particular, because it is easily interpreted, the R(2) statistic is commonly used in quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping studies to measure the proportion of phenotypic variation explained by molecular markers. Mixed models with random polygenic effects have been used in complex trait dissection in different species. However, unlike fixed linear regression models, linear mixed models have no well-established R(2) statistic for assessing goodness-of-fit and prediction power. Our objectives were to assess the performance of several R(2)-like statistics for a linear mixed model in association mapping and to identify any such statistic that measures model-data agreement and provides an intuitive indication of QTL effect. Our results showed that the likelihood-ratio-based R(2) (R(LR)(2)) satisfies several critical requirements proposed for the R(2)-like statistic. As R(LR)(2) reduces to the regular R(2) for fixed models without random effects other than residual, it provides a general measure for the effect of QTL in mixed-model association mapping. Moreover, we found that R(LR)(2) can help explain the overlap between overall population structure modeled as fixed effects and relative kinship modeled though random effects. As both approaches are derived from molecular marker information and are not mutually exclusive, comparing R(LR)(2) values from different models provides a logical bridge between statistical analysis and underlying genetics of complex traits. Heredity (2010) 105, 333-340; doi:10.1038/hdy.2010.11; published online 10 February 2010 C1 [Yu, J.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 2004, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Kramer, M. H.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Yang, S-S; Song, W.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Piepho, H-P] Univ Hohenheim, Bioinformat Unit, Inst Crop Prod & Grassland Res, D-7000 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Yu, J (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 2004, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jyu@ksu.edu RI Zhu, Chengsong/F-8045-2011; OI Yu, Jianming/0000-0001-5326-3099; Piepho, Hans-Peter/0000-0001-7813-2992 FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) [2006-03578]; National Science Foundation [DBI-0820610]; Kansas State University; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) FX This project is supported by the National Research Initiative (NRI) Plant Genome Program of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) (2006-03578), the National Science Foundation (DBI-0820610), and the Targeted Excellence Program of Kansas State University. Hans-Peter Piepho is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the AgroClustEr 'Synbreed-Synergistic plant and animal breeding'. NR 49 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD OCT PY 2010 VL 105 IS 4 BP 333 EP 340 DI 10.1038/hdy.2010.11 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 653BY UT WOS:000282059900003 PM 20145669 ER PT J AU Sun, QF Yu, HP Liu, YX Li, JA Lu, Y Hunt, JF AF Sun, Qingfeng Yu, Haipeng Liu, Yixing Li, Jian Lu, Yun Hunt, John F. TI Improvement of water resistance and dimensional stability of wood through titanium dioxide coating SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE coating; dimensional stability; titanium dioxide; water resistance; wood ID CHEMICAL-MODIFICATION; ADSORPTION; GROWTH; FILM AB Moisture absorption and dimensional distortion are the major drawbacks of wood utilization as building material. In this study, poplar wood coated with a thin layer of titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) was prepared by the cosolvent-controlled hydrothermal method. Subsequently, its moisture absorption and dimensional stability were examined. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the wood substrate was closely and entirely covered with the TiO(2) coat. Microscale features were visible despite masking of the ultrastructural features of the cell wall. To explore the effects of TiO(2) coating on the water-repellency and dimensional stability of wood, a 90-day water immersion test was carried out. Results showed that water absorption and thickness swelling of TiO(2)-coated wood increase very slowly and minimally. Weight change after 90 days of water immersion was reduced to 20.5%, nearly one-tenth of untreated control wood, and that maximum cross-sectional relative swelling was only 1.2%. Specimens were conditioned for 3 months at 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% relative humidity (RH) to determine the effects of RH on moisture absorption and dimensional swelling of TiO(2)-coated wood. There was no change in weight after 3 months of being exposed to humidity conditions below 60%, whereas there was linear weight increase above 60% RH, but the maximum change was less than 6%. Cross-sectional relative swelling was less than 0.3% below 60% RH but increased as RH exceeded 60%. The maximum change was approximately 3%. Anisotropic thickness swelling of wood was almost eliminated after coating. It is obvious that TiO(2) coating can act as a moisture barrier for wood and is an exceptionally strong water vapor-inhibiting shield under very humid conditions. C1 [Liu, Yixing] NE Forestry Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Coll, Key Lab Biobased Mat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China. [Hunt, John F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Liu, YX (reprint author), NE Forestry Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Coll, Key Lab Biobased Mat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, 26 Hexing Rd, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China. EM yuhaipeng20000@yahoo.com.cn RI Lu, Yun/B-6548-2015 FU Northeast Forestry University [GRAT09]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30630052]; Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China [B08016] FX This research was financially supported by the Breeding Plan of Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of Northeast Forestry University (GRAT09) and Program for the Top Young Talents of Northeast Forestry University. This research was also partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30630052) and the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China (B08016). NR 22 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 11 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD OCT PY 2010 VL 64 IS 6 BP 757 EP 761 DI 10.1515/HF.2010.114 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 665VE UT WOS:000283062800010 ER PT J AU Moon, RJ Wells, J Kretschmann, DE Evans, J Wiedenhoeft, AC Frihart, CR AF Moon, Robert J. Wells, Joseph Kretschmann, David E. Evans, James Wiedenhoeft, Alex C. Frihart, Charles R. TI Influence of chemical treatments on moisture-induced dimensional change and elastic modulus of earlywood and latewood SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE acetylation; earlywood; dimension change; hydroxymethylated resorcinol; latewood; loblolly pine; micromechanics; modulus of elasticity; shrinking; swelling ID RESORCINOL COUPLING AGENT; LOBLOLLY-PINE; DOUGLAS-FIR; WOOD; SHRINKAGE; STABILITY AB To better understand the performance of bonded, coated, and modified wood, knowledge of how these processes alter the dimensional change and mechanical properties of wood at a given moisture content (MC) are important. These localized influences on earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) properties are not well understood. In the present study, the influence of chemical treatments by hydroxymethylated resorcinol (HMR) and acetylation on moisture-induced dimensional change and longitudinal modulus of elasticity (MOE) of isolated EW and LW specimens of Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was evaluated. The dimensional change was not altered by the HMR treatment, whereas acetylation lowered it by; 50% in EW and LW in both radial and tangential directions. The MOE was not influenced by the two chemical treatments tested. Based on results of swelling, shrinkage, and MOE it can be concluded that chemical treatment does not modify EW selectively compared with LW neither in radial nor in tangential orientation. C1 [Moon, Robert J.; Wells, Joseph; Kretschmann, David E.; Evans, James; Wiedenhoeft, Alex C.; Frihart, Charles R.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Moon, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM robertmoon@fs.fed.us; dkretschmann@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service FX This research was funded by the U.S. Forest Service. The authors thank Cherilyn Hatfield for assistance in the statistical analysis and Linda Lorenz for completing chemical treatments. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD OCT PY 2010 VL 64 IS 6 BP 771 EP 779 DI 10.1515/HF.2010.106 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 665VE UT WOS:000283062800012 ER PT J AU Lee, AK Yuan, T Suh, JK Choi, DS Choi, IY Roh, MS Joung, YH Ko, JY Lee, JS AF Lee, Ae Kyung Yuan, Tao Suh, Jeung Keun Choi, Dae-Sung Choi, Ik-Young Roh, Mark S. Joung, Young Hee Ko, Jae-Young Lee, Jong Suk TI Pulsatilla tongkangensis, a Natural Hybrid Swarm Population Hybridized with P. koreana Based on RAPD and SNPs of Chloroplast DNA SO HORTICULTURE ENVIRONMENT AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hybrid origin; introgression; molecular markers; new species; Ranunculaceae ID MARKERS; RANUNCULACEAE; MITOCHONDRIAL; VERNALIS; GENETICS; ORIGINS AB A new putative species of Pulsatilla, P. tongkangensis Y. Lee et T. C. Lee, growing in calcified rock cavities was discovered along the Donggang, Jeongseon-gun, Gangwon Province, Korea. Accessions of P. tongkangensis and P. koreana (Y. Yabe ex Nakai) Nakai ex T. Mori were characterized with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the chloroplast trnQ, trnH, psbA genes and the atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer regions. Pulsatilla tongkangensis exhibits significant morphological variation in leaf morphology, and flower color (white, purple blue, to light red), and flower bud orientation (lateral-facing to up-facing). Two data sources were used: RAPD analysis and SNPs of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) from accessions collected from the native sites and with progeny from controlled pollination between P. tongkangensis and P. koreana. One P. tongkangensis accession with light-red flowers was clustered with P. koreana in dendrograms using RAPD markers, and three accessions of P. tongkangensis with pink-blue narrow petals, light-blue narrow petals, and white petals had the same SNPs as P. koreana. A species-specific RAPD band for each P. tongkangensis and P. koreana was identified, and both bands were present in some P. tongkangensis accessions collected from Mt. Backwoon, indicating that these were of hybrid origin. The presence of species-specific bands and variations in SNPs suggest that significant genetic variation exists and that variation resulted possibly from cross pollination and introgression between these two closely related species. Based on the results of these studies, it is suggested that P. tongkangensis is a heterogeneous population resulting from the introgression due to cross-pollination with P. koreana. A discussion is presented to reconsider the taxonomic treatment of P. tongkangensis as a new taxon based on the modem concepts of species. C1 [Lee, Jong Suk] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Taejon 305764, South Korea. [Lee, Ae Kyung; Suh, Jeung Keun] Dankook Univ, Dept Environm Hort, Coll Bioresources Sci, Cheonan 330714, South Korea. [Yuan, Tao] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Landscape Architecture, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Choi, Dae-Sung] Jeongseon Agr Technol & Extens Ctr, Jeongseon 233701, South Korea. [Choi, Ik-Young] Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Instrumentat Ctr Environm Management, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Roh, Mark S.] ARS, USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Joung, Young Hee] Chonnam Natl Univ, Sch Biol Sci & Technol, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Ko, Jae-Young] Gangwon Agr Res & Extens Serv, Hort Res Div, Chunchon 200150, South Korea. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Taejon 305764, South Korea. EM joslee@cnu.ac.kr RI CHOI, Ik-Young/H-3366-2012 FU Rural Development Administration, Korea [20070401-034-026-008-04-00] FX Information on the existence of P. tongkangensis through photos loaded at the Korean Wildplant Research Association (www.wildflower114.com), the Wildflower Club (http://wildflower.kr), and at Donghae City and Donggang Halmikkot Maeul (http://www.idonggang.com) web page has been useful to document different flower colors from the nature. We also appreciate greatly for the assistance in providing information and leaf samples from K.Y. Byun, and T. J. Lee. Critical review of this manuscript by Drs. R. G. Anderson, and S. Hoot is greatly appreciated. A part of this research was supported by a grant from BioGreen 21 Program, Rural Development Administration, Korea to Y. H. Joung (Code 20070401-034-026-008-04-00). NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU KOREAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI SUWON PA C/O NATL HORTICULTURAL RES INST, IMOK-DONG 475, JANGAN-GU, SUWON, 440-706, SOUTH KOREA SN 2211-3452 EI 2211-3460 J9 HORTIC ENVIRON BIOTE JI Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 51 IS 5 BP 409 EP 421 PG 13 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 684NM UT WOS:000284556600010 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS Hanson, BD AF Banuelos, Gary S. Hanson, Bradley D. TI Use of Selenium-enriched Mustard and Canola Seed Meals as Potential Bioherbicides and Green Fertilizer in Strawberry Production SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brassica; seed meal; bioherbicides ID NITROGEN; CROPS; SOILS AB New plant-based products can be produced from seed harvested from Brassica species used for phytomanaging selenium (Se) in the west side of central California. Se-enriched seed meals produced from canola (Brassica napus) and mustard (Sinapis alba) plants were tested as potential bioherbicides and green fertilizers in strawberry production under controlled and field conditions for two seasons. Treatments consisted of adding each meal (containing 2.2 mg Se/kg dry mass) to the soil at rates equivalent to 0, 2, and 6 t/acre, respectively, 7 days before planting. In growth chamber studies, the highest rates of either meal lowered berry yields by a high of 30% compared with no application (control). Among the nutrient accumulation, berry Se, calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn). and zinc consistently increased with most Brassica meal treatments and most significantly with the mustard meal. In the field studies, mustard treatments lowered the emergence of summer-germinating and resident winter annual weeds more than canola and control treatments. Strawberry fruit yields increased with all Brassica treatments, except a 42% fruit yield reduction was observed at a 6 t/acre rate of mustard meal. Increases in fruit Se concentrations and increases in Ca, phosphorus, and Mn were often observed for all Brassica treatments. Amending soils with Brassica seed meals may have more practical viability in organic agriculture as a potential bioherbicide and green fertilizer. C1 [Banuelos, Gary S.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Hanson, Bradley D.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, 9611 S Riverbend, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM gary.banuelos@ars.usda.gov RI Ruezinsky, Diane/E-6208-2011 FU CSU Fresno Agriculture Research Initiative; California Department of Water Resources FX We extend our thanks to John Diener Red Rock Ranch, Five Points, CA, for growing canola and harvesting mustard plants on his Se-laden soil sites, which was supported by the CSU Fresno Agriculture Research Initiative and California Department of Water Resources. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2010 VL 45 IS 10 BP 1567 EP 1572 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 662HA UT WOS:000282796900029 ER PT J AU Zasada, IA Walters, TW Pinkerton, JN AF Zasada, Inga A. Walters, Thomas W. Pinkerton, John N. TI Post-Plant Nematicides for the Control of Root Lesion Nematode in Red Raspberry SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci DE Rubus idaeus; Pratylenchus penetrans; migratory endoparasite ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; METHYL-BROMIDE; ALTERNATIVES; FUMIGANT; BERMUDAGRASS; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; YIELD AB To identify a post-plant nematicide to control root lesion nematode [RLN (Pratylenchus penetrant)] in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus), a number of nematicides was tested in soil-only and plant-based experiments. In soil-only experiments, soil naturally infested with RLN was drenched with the nematicides and nematode survival was assessed 7 and 14 days after treatment. Fosthiazate and oxamyl reduced RLN recovery 92% and 52% across trials and sampling times, respectively, compared with the nontreated control. Other nematicides that resulted in moderate, and sometimes inconsistent, control of RLN were soapbark (Quillaja saponaria) saponins, 1,3-dichloropropene, and methomyl. In plant-based experiments, 'Meeker' red raspberry was established in pots with RLN-infested soil mixed with greenhouse soil and the nematicides were applied as soil drenches or as a foliar application. Nematode recovery and cane and root weights were quantified as measurements of nematicide toxicity and phytotoxicity, respectively. Similar to soil-only experiments, fosthiazate and oxamyl were the most effective nematicides tested in reducing RLN population densities in established red raspberry. Fosthiazate and oxamyl significantly reduced RLN per gram dry root population densities by 97% and 87%, respectively, compared with the infested, nontreated control. None of the other nematicides reduced RLN population densities compared with the infested, nontreated controls. There was no phytotoxicity to red raspberry associated with any of the nematicides. C1 [Zasada, Inga A.] Agr Res Serv HCRL, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Walters, Thomas W.; Pinkerton, John N.] Washington States Univ, Mt Vernon NWREC, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. RP Zasada, IA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv HCRL, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM inga.zasada@ars.usda.gov RI Walters, Thomas/G-1348-2010 OI Walters, Thomas/0000-0002-2938-8542 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT PY 2010 VL 20 IS 5 BP 856 EP 862 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 668NK UT WOS:000283276500006 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, GE Blackwell, BF DeVault, TL Kutschbach-Brohl, L AF Bernhardt, Glen E. Blackwell, Bradley F. DeVault, Travis L. Kutschbach-Brohl, Lisa TI Fatal injuries to birds from collisions with aircraft reveal anti-predator behaviours SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE airport; bird strike; Cartesian distance; laterality; necropsy; US Federal Aviation Administration ID ESCAPE; LATERALIZATION; PREDATOR; BRAIN; HEMIFIELD; ATTACK; FISH RP Blackwell, BF (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM bradley.f.blackwell@aphis.usda.gov FU Wildlife Services, New York; WS National Wildlife Research Center FX Birds used in this study were provided by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey staff at JFK, with assistance from the USDA Wildlife Services (WS) programme in New York. Wildlife Services, New York, also provided salary support to G. E. B. and L. K.; support for B. F. B. and T. L. D. was provided by the WS National Wildlife Research Center. We thank E. Fernandez-Juricic, T. W. Seamans, M. Stapanian and B. Washburn for their helpful reviews of earlier versions of this paper. E. Poggiali provided critical logistical support. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD OCT PY 2010 VL 152 IS 4 BP 830 EP 834 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 650MB UT WOS:000281852500014 ER PT J AU Talbot, NC Blomberg, L Garrett, WM Caperna, TJ AF Talbot, Neil C. Blomberg, Le Ann Garrett, Wesley M. Caperna, Thomas J. TI Feeder-independent continuous culture of the PICM-19 pig liver stem cell line SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE Cell line; Culture; Feeder cells; Hepatocyte; Liver ID BIOARTIFICIAL LIVER; IN-VITRO; PORCINE HEPATOCYTES; CYTOCHROME-P450 EXPRESSION; RAT-LIVER; EPIBLAST; FAILURE; TRANSPLANTATION; COMPONENTS; GROWTH AB The PICM-19 pig liver stem cell line is a bipotent cell line, i.e., capable of forming either bile ductules or hepatocyte monolayers in vitro, that was derived from the primary culture of pig embryonic stem cells. The cell line has been strictly feeder-dependent in that cell replication, morphology, and function were lost if the cells were cultured without STO feeder cells. A method for the feeder-independent continuous culture of PICM-19 cells (FI-PICM-19) is presented. PICM-19 cells were maintained and grown without feeder cells on collagen I-coated tissue culture plastic for 26 passages (P26) with initial split ratios of 1:3 that diminished to split ratios of less than 1:2 after passage 16. Once plated, the FI-PICM-19 cells were overlaid with a 1:12 to 1:50 dilution of Matrigel or related extracellular matrix product. Growth of the cells was stimulated by daily refeedings with STO feeder-cell conditioned medium. The FI-PICM-19 cells grew to an approximate confluence of 50% prior to each passage at 2-wk intervals. Growth curve analysis showed their average cell number doubling time to be similar to 96 h. Morphologically, the feeder-independent cells closely resembled PICM-19 cells grown on feeder cells, and biliary canalicui were present at cell-to-cell junctions. However, no spontaneous multicellular ductules formed in the monolayers of FI-PICM-19 cells. Ultrastructural subcellular features of the FI-PICM-19 cells were similar to those of PICM-19 cells cultured on feeder cells. The FI-PICM-19 cells produced a spectrum of serum proteins and expressed many liver/hepatocyte-specific genes. Importantly, cytochrome P450 (EROD) activity, ammonia clearance, and urea production were maintained by the feeder-independent cells. This simple method for the propagation of the PICM-19 cell line without feeder cells should simplify the generation and selection of functional mutants within the population and enhances the cell line's potential for use in toxicological/pharmacological screening assays and for use in an artificial liver device. C1 [Talbot, Neil C.; Blomberg, Le Ann; Garrett, Wesley M.; Caperna, Thomas J.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab,Beltsville Agr Res C, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Talbot, NC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab,Beltsville Agr Res C, Bldg 200,Rm 13,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM neil.talbot@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 EI 1543-706X J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 46 IS 9 BP 746 EP 757 DI 10.1007/s11626-010-9336-9 PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 672OC UT WOS:000283594200004 ER PT J AU Broughton-Neiswanger, LE White, SN Knowles, DP Mousel, MR Lewis, GS Herndon, DR Herrmann-Hoesing, LM AF Broughton-Neiswanger, Liam E. White, Stephen N. Knowles, Donald P. Mousel, Michelle R. Lewis, Gregory S. Herndon, David R. Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M. TI Non-maternal transmission is the major mode of ovine lentivirus transmission in a ewe flock: A molecular epidemiology study SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV); Maedi-visna virus (MVV); Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV); Lentivirus; Molecular epidemiology; Maternal transmission; Substitution rate; Phylogenetic analysis ID ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; PROGRESSIVE-PNEUMONIA-VIRUS; SMALL-RUMINANT LENTIVIRUSES; MAEDI-VISNA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; NATURAL TRANSMISSION; TYPE-1 TRANSMISSION; HIV-1 TRANSMISSION; RNA VIRUSES AB Transmission of ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV), a lentivirus of sheep, occurs through both maternal and non-maternal means. Currently, the contribution of each route to the overall flock OPPV prevalence is poorly understood since previous serological epidemiologic studies lacked the ability to accurately track routes of transmission within an infected flock. In this study, the amount of maternal OPP transmission was assessed in a naturally infected ewe flock by applying molecular analyses to proviral sequences derived from peripheral blood leukocytes of OPP positive dam-daughter pairs (N = 40). Both proviral envelope (env) and long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences, separately and combined, were utilized in the following 2 sequence analysis methods: phylogenetic analysis and pairwise distance calculations. True maternal transmission events were defined as agreement in 2 out of the 2 sequence analysis methods. Using this criterion, proviral env sequences resulted in a 14.3% maternal transmission frequency, and proviral LTR sequences resulted in a 10% maternal transmission frequency. Both proportions of maternal transmission varied significantly from equality (P < 0.0001). This indicates that the remaining 85.7-90% of daughters are infected via non-maternal transmission. This is also the first study to calculate the OPP proviral rate of change for the env gene and LTR promoter. Accurately defining the routes of OPPV transmission provides critical epidemiological data supporting management intended to reduce flock transmission and viral dose. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Broughton-Neiswanger, Liam E.; White, Stephen N.; Knowles, Donald P.; Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M.] Washington State Univ, ADBF 3003, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [White, Stephen N.; Knowles, Donald P.; Herndon, David R.; Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M.] Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [White, Stephen N.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Integrated Biotechnol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Mousel, Michelle R.; Lewis, Gregory S.] ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Herrmann-Hoesing, LM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, ADBF 3003, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM lherrman@vetmed.wsu.edu OI White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054; Mousel, Michelle/0000-0003-1367-7005 FU USDA-ARS CWU [5348-32000-029-00D] FX USDA-ARS CWU #5348-32000-029-00D supports this work. We thank Nicholas Durfee and Carl Johnson for technical assistance. We wish to thank J. Bret Taylor, John Stellflug, Mark Williams, and the USSES operations crew for collecting samples from the 1098 ewes. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 10 IS 7 BP 998 EP 1007 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.06.007 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 659XD UT WOS:000282599700020 PM 20601169 ER PT J AU Willis, LM Bielinski, DF Fisher, DR Matthan, NR Joseph, JA AF Willis, Lauren M. Bielinski, Donna F. Fisher, Derek R. Matthan, Nirupa R. Joseph, James A. TI Walnut Extract Inhibits LPS-induced Activation of Bv-2 Microglia via Internalization of TLR4: Possible Involvement of Phospholipase D2 SO INFLAMMATION LA English DT Article DE essential fatty acid; microglial activation; toll-like receptor 4 ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; LINOLENIC ACID; KAPPA-B; EXPRESSION; INNATE AB Walnuts are a rich source of essential fatty acids, including the polyunsaturated fatty acids alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid. Essential fatty acids have been shown to modulate a number of cellular processes in the brain, including the activation state of microglia. Microglial activation can result in the generation of cytotoxic intermediates and is associated with a variety of age-related and neurodegenerative conditions. In vitro, microglial activation can be induced with the bacterial cell wall component lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the present study, we generated a methanolic extract of English walnuts (Juglans regia) and examined the effects of walnut extract exposure on LPS-induced activation in BV-2 microglial cells. When cells were treated with walnut extract prior to LPS stimulation, production of nitric oxide and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase were attenuated. Walnut extract also induced a decrease in tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF alpha) production. We further found that walnut extract induced internalization of the LPS receptor, toll-like receptor 4, and that the anti-inflammatory effects of walnut were dependent on functional activation of phospholipase D2. These studies represent the first to describe the anti-inflammatory effects of walnuts in microglia, which could lead to nutritional interventions in the prevention and treatment of neurodegeneration. C1 [Willis, Lauren M.; Bielinski, Donna F.; Fisher, Derek R.; Joseph, James A.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA ARS, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Matthan, Nirupa R.] Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA ARS, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM james.joseph@ars.usda.gov FU California Walnut Commission (Sacramento, CA, USA) FX The present study was funded in part by the California Walnut Commission (Sacramento, CA, USA) NR 37 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0360-3997 J9 INFLAMMATION JI Inflammation PD OCT PY 2010 VL 33 IS 5 BP 325 EP 333 DI 10.1007/s10753-010-9189-0 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA 637HX UT WOS:000280809300007 PM 20213499 ER PT J AU Fu, DY Hu, SJ Ye, H Haack, RA Zhou, PY AF Fu, Da-Ying Hu, Shao-Ji Ye, Hui Haack, Robert A. Zhou, Ping-Yang TI Pine wilt disease in Yunnan, China: Evidence of non-local pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) populations revealed by mitochondrial DNA SO INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mitochondrial DNA; non-local vector; pine wilt disease ID GENETIC-STRUCTURE; SOFTWARE PACKAGE; BEETLE; DIFFERENTIATION; SCARABAEIDAE; SEQUENCES; MARKERS; VECTOR; ASIA AB Monochamus alternatus (Hope) specimens were collected from nine geographical populations in China, where the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer) was present. There were seven populations in southwestern China in Yunnan Province (Ruili, Wanding, Lianghe, Pu'er, Huaning, Stone Forest and Yongsheng), one in central China in Hubei Province (Wuhan), and one in eastern China in Zhejiang Province (Hangzhou). Twenty-two polymorphic sites were recognized and 18 haplotypes were established by analyzing a 565 bp gene fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II (CO II). Kimura two-parameter distances demonstrated that M. alternatus populations in Ruili, Wanding and Lianghe (in southwestern Yunnan) differed from the other four Yunnan populations but were similar to the Zhejiang population. No close relationship was found between the M. alternatus populations in Yunnan and Hubei. Phylogenetic reconstruction established a neighbor-joining (NJ) tree, which divided haplotypes of southwestern Yunnan and the rest of Yunnan into different clades with considerable bootstrapping values. Analysis of molecular variance and spatial analysis of molecular variance also suggested significant genetic differentiation between M. alternatus populations in southwestern Yunnan and the rest of Yunnan. Our research suggests that non-local populations of M. alternates, possibly from eastern China, have become established in southwestern Yunnan. C1 [Fu, Da-Ying; Hu, Shao-Ji; Ye, Hui] Yunnan Univ, Sch Life Sci, Kunming 650091, Peoples R China. [Haack, Robert A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Zhou, Ping-Yang] Forest Dis & Pest Control & Quarantine Stn Dehon, Luxi, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China. RP Ye, H (reprint author), Yunnan Univ, Sch Life Sci, 2 N Green Lake Rd, Kunming 650091, Peoples R China. EM yehuikunming@gmail.com FU State Forestry Administration [2006BAD08A19105]; International S&T Cooperation Program of China [2006DFA31790]; Science and Technology Bureau of Yunnan Province [2005NG03] FX We thank Professor Yong-Zhi Pan (Southwest Forestry College), Rong-Ju Rui and Wen-Cui Cai (Forest Disease and Pest Control and Quarantine Station of Yongsheng), Zu-Qin Li and Bing-Cheng Liu (FDPCQS of Wanding), Zha Nong (FDPCQS of Ruili), He Zhou (Forestry Bureau of Pu'er), Zhaotong Forest Bureau, and Mashu Timberland for field assistance. This research program was conducted with the financial supports of the Forestry Science and Technology Support Plan of the Key Program of State Forestry Administration (2006BAD08A19105), the International S&T Cooperation Program of China (project ID: 2006DFA31790), and the Key Scientific Project Fund of the Science and Technology Bureau of Yunnan Province (project ID: 2005NG03). NR 38 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1672-9609 EI 1744-7917 J9 INSECT SCI JI Insect Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 17 IS 5 BP 439 EP 447 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2010.01329.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 656XB UT WOS:000282373300007 ER PT J AU Lozoya-Saldana, H Belmar-Diaz, CR Bradeen, JM Helgeson, JP AF Lozoya-Saldana, Hector Rocio Belmar-Diaz, Claudia Bradeen, James M. Helgeson, John P. TI CARACTERIZATION OF Phytophthora infestans (MONT, DE BARY) POPULATIONS OBTAINED FROM TRANSGENIC AND RESISTANT SOMATIC Solanum HYBRIDS SO INTERCIENCIA LA Spanish DT Article ID POTATO LATE BLIGHT; BULBOCASTANUM; GENE; MEXICO AB In the Toluca,Valley Mexico, in the summer of 2003, clones obtained by genetic engineering and somatic hybridization between Solarium tuberosum and S. bulbocastanum were exposed to natural infection by Phytophthora infestans in order to quantify their resistance to the oomycete, previously proven under different conditions The objective was to identify was to identify the P infestans genotypes that selectively and progressively infected the potato clones. Most clones were resistant in the early growing stages, although gradual infection showed up later in the cycle. Twenty two P. infestans variants were identified on the basis of mating type (MT) and on the allozymatic multilocus profiles for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) and peptidase (PEP). Six weeks after planting the first infectious by five isolates were obtained in the non transformed control (116, cv. Katahdin). A week later; other five P. infestans genotypes were isolated in the same host, four of winch were different to the ones obtained the previous week. At the same time, other four genotypes were obtained in another clone that did not acquire the transgene (H4). Both clones died at midseason. The P. infestans genotypes infecting most frequently all the clones, mainly at the end of the cycle, were A1, 100/100, 100/100 (MT, GPI, PEP, 19%), and A2, 100/100. 100/100 (14%). The A1.A2 ratio for all the population was 1:1 (86:77: 52.7%:47.3%) It is concluded that a great P. infestans genetic diversity was present, the transgenes conferring resistance worked well in young plants early in the cycle, and no host-pathogen specificity was observed. C1 [Rocio Belmar-Diaz, Claudia] Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Tecn Lab, PICTIPAPA, Metepec, Mexico. [Helgeson, John P.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, EEUU, Madison, WI USA. [Bradeen, James M.] Univ Minnesota, EEUU, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Lozoya-Saldana, H (reprint author), Km 38 5 Carretera Fed Mexico Texcoco, Chapingo 56230, Estado Mexico, Mexico. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERCIENCIA PI CARACAS PA APARTADO 51842, CARACAS 1050A, VENEZUELA SN 0378-1844 J9 INTERCIENCIA JI Interciencia PD OCT PY 2010 VL 35 IS 10 BP 784 EP 788 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 673DQ UT WOS:000283639600013 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH AF Tunick, Michael H. TI Activation energy measurements in rheological analysis of cheese SO INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FRESH CHEESES; TEXTURE; HOMOGENIZATION; TEMPERATURE; MELTABILITY; CHEDDAR; SHEAR; MILK AB Activation energy of flow (E(a)) between 30 and 44 degrees C was calculated from temperature sweeps of cheeses with contrasting characteristics to determine its usefulness in predicting rheological behavior upon heating. Cheddar, Colby, whole milk Mozzarella, low-moisture part-skim Mozzarella, Parmesan, soft goat, and Queso Fresco cheeses were heated from 22 to 70 degrees C, and E(a) was calculated from the resulting Arrhenius plots. Protein and moisture content were highly correlated with E(a). The E(a) values for goat cheese and Queso Fresco, which did not flow when heated, were between 30 and 60 kJ mol(-1). Cheddar, Colby, and the Mozzarellas did flow upon heating, and their E(a) values were between 100 and 150 kJ mol(-1). Parmesan, the hardest cheese, flowed rapidly with heat and had an E(a) > 180 kJ mol(-1). E(a) provides an objective means of quantitating the flow of cheese, and together with elastic modulus and viscous modulus provides a picture of the behavior of cheese as it is heated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tunick, MH (reprint author), ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM michael.tunick@ars.usda.gov RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-6946 J9 INT DAIRY J JI Int. Dairy J. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 20 IS 10 BP 680 EP 685 DI 10.1016/j.idairyj.2010.03.010 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 646DZ UT WOS:000281518200004 ER PT J AU Allen, LH AF Allen, Lindsay Helen TI Bioavailability of Vitamin B12 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE vitamin B12; bioavailability; absorption; cobalamin ID BREAST-FED INFANTS; COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; FOOD-COBALAMIN; ABSORPTION; SERUM; MALABSORPTION; FORTIFICATION; HAPTOCORRIN; POPULATION; MECHANISMS AB Vitamin B12 deficiency is common in people of all ages who consume a low intake of animal-source foods, including populations in developing countries. It is also prevalent among the elderly, even in wealthier countries, due to their malabsorption of B12 from food. Several methods have been applied to diagnose vitamin B12 malabsorption, including Schilling's test, which is now used rarely, but these do not quantify percent bioavailability. Most of the information on B12 bioavailability from foods was collected 40 to 50 years ago, using radioactive isotopes of cobalt to label the corrinoid ring. The data are sparse, and the level of radioactivity required for in vivo labeling of animal tissues can be prohibitive. A newer method under development uses a low dose of radioactivity as C-14-labeled B12, with measurement of the isotope excreted in urine and feces by accelerator mass spectrometry. This test has revealed that the unabsorbed vitamin is degraded in the intestine. The percent bioavailability is inversely proportional to the dose consumed due to saturation of the active absorption process, even within the range of usual intake from foods. This has important implications for the assessment and interpretation of bioavailability values, setting dietary requirements, and interpreting relationships between intake and status of the vitamin. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Lindsay.allen@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 9 U2 42 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 EI 1664-2821 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 80 IS 4-5 SI SI BP 330 EP 335 DI 10.1024/0300-9831/a000041 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 751FR UT WOS:000289603400013 PM 21462117 ER PT J AU Rector, BG De Biase, A Cristofaro, M Primerano, S Belvedere, S Antonini, G Sobhian, R AF Rector, Brian G. De Biase, Alessio Cristofaro, Massimo Primerano, Simona Belvedere, Silvia Antonini, Gloria Sobhian, Rouhollah TI DNA Fingerprinting to Improve Data Collection Efficiency and Yield in an Open-Field Host-Specificity Test of a Weed Biological Control Candidate SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Apionidae; biological control; host range; open-field test; safflower ID CERATAPION-BASICORNE COLEOPTERA; CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS ASTERACEAE; CONTROL AGENT; YELLOW STARTHISTLE; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; APIONIDAE; RANGE; SPP.; IDENTIFICATION; CURCULIONIDAE AB An open-field test was conducted in southern France to assess the host-specificity of Ceratapion basicorne (Illiger), a candidate for biological control of yellow starthistle. Test plants were infested by naturally occurring populations of C. basicorne but were also exposed to sympatric herbivore species, including other Ceratapion spp. Insects from the test plants were collected directly into tubes of ethanol and were subsequently identified to species according to DNA sequence similarity with morphologically identified reference specimens. This integrated, morphological and molecular identification method was used in an effort to maximize the amount of data gained in the field bioassay and to minimize the number of taxonomist hours necessary to complete the study. The results obtained showed that the French C. basicorne population only attacked yellow starthistle and cornflower, another known host of C. basicorne. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the insects collected from all other nonhost plants rejected the possibility that any were C. basicorne. C1 [Rector, Brian G.] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [De Biase, Alessio; Primerano, Simona; Belvedere, Silvia; Antonini, Gloria] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Biol & Biotechnol Charles Darwin, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Cristofaro, Massimo] Casaccia BIOTEC, ENEA CR, BBCA ENEA, I-00123 Rome, Italy. [Sobhian, Rouhollah] USDA ARS, European Biol Control Lab, Montpellier, France. RP Rector, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM brian.rector@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 429 EP 439 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00019.1 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 778MG UT WOS:000291707800008 ER PT J AU Birdsall, JL Markin, GP AF Birdsall, Jennifer L. Markin, George P. TI Biological Control of Yellow Starthistie (Centaurea solstitialis) in the Salmon River Canyon of Idaho SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Seedhead-attacking insects; seed predation; weed containment zones ID CHAETORELLIA-SUCCINEA DIPTERA; CONTROL AGENTS; NATURAL ENEMY; KNAPWEED; TEPHRITIDAE; CANADA; RANGES AB Yellow starthistle is an invasive, annual, spiny forb that, for the past 30 yr has been steadily advancing up the Salmon River Canyon in west central Idaho. In 1994, a decision was made to attempt to manage yellow starthistle by establishing a complex of biological control agents in a containment zone where the weed was most dense. Between 1995 and 1997, six species of seedhead-attacking insects were introduced and successfully established. By 1999, the insects had spread through the entire containment zone. Following this dispersal, a rapid buildup of insect populations occurred, and, since 2003, seed destruction has fluctuated around 90%. Vegetation monitoring plots, however, have shown no consistent decline in the overall population of yellow starthistle, indicating that the amount of seed produced is still sufficient to allow full replacement. However, county weed control personnel, who are responsible for surveying and destroying outlying populations of yellow starthistle beyond the containment zone, report that, during this period, the number of new, isolated pockets of yellow starthistle they are Finding has dropped dramatically. This case study discusses how the biological control program partially met the objective of managing yellow starthistle by reducing the rate of advance of this weed in the Salmon River Canyon. C1 [Birdsall, Jennifer L.; Markin, George P.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Birdsall, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 1648 S 7th Ave,Montana State Univ Campus, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jbirdsall@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 462 EP 469 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00015.1 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 778MG UT WOS:000291707800011 ER PT J AU Moore, GW Watts, DA Goolsby, JA AF Moore, Georgianne W. Watts, David A. Goolsby, John A. TI Ecophysiological Responses of Giant Reed (Arundo donax) to Herbivory SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biological control; leaf physiology; photosynthesis; Rhizaspidiotus donacis; Tetramesa romana; Transpiration; Water resources effect ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; GAS-EXCHANGE; HEMIPTERA DIASPIDIDAE; TETRAMESA-ROMANA; HYMENOPTERA EURYTOMIDAE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATES; ARTHROPOD HERBIVORY; SIMULATED HERBIVORY; INSECT HERBIVORY; NORTH-AMERICA AB The effect of invasive species might be lessened if herbivores reduced transpiration and growth rates; however, simply removing photosynthetic material might not ensure that the transpiration rate of active leaf tissue decreases. We assessed whether biological control has an injurious effect on the target plant species, giant reed (Arundo donax), by quantifying leaf photosynthetic and transpiration responses to two herbivores: an armored scale, Rhizaspidiotus donacis, and a stem-galling wasp, Tetramesa romana. Herbivory by a sap-feeding scale and a stem-galling wasp both separately and together, reduces the rates of leaf level physiological processes in A. donax. The effect of the wasp increases with density and reduces photosynthesis by reducing the carboxylation rate of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase, which controls CO(2) fixation in photosynthesis. The scale insect reduces photosynthesis by decreasing the maximum rate of electron transport, which determines how much light energy can be captured in photosynthesis. The effect of the armored scale takes approximately 5 mo after infestation, which coincides with generation time. When both insects are present at the same time, the effect of their herbivory appears additive after time for the scale to reproduce. We conclude that a combination of two herbivores can have a stronger physiological effect than one type of herbivore, likely because of their different effects on leaf function. C1 [Moore, Georgianne W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Moore, GW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM gwmoore@tamu.edu RI Moore, Georgianne/B-7891-2011; OI Moore, Georgianne/0000-0001-5190-5983; Watts, David A./0000-0003-2054-7719 FU Rio Grande Basin Initiative via the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) CSREES; USDA Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Homeland Security via the Science and Technology Directorate FX Funding for this project was provided by the Rio Grande Basin Initiative via the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) CSREES Program, the USDA Agricultural Research Service via the Arundo Biological Control Program, and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security via the Science and Technology Directorate. We are grateful to USDA-APHIS for use of the quarantine facility and temporary lodging. Technical assistance was provided by Ann Vacek, Kira Zhaurova, Sarah Snavely, Ila Billman, and Crystal Salinas. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 521 EP 530 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00007.1 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 778MG UT WOS:000291707800018 ER PT J AU Flury, C Tapio, M Sonstegard, T Drogemuller, C Leeb, T Simianer, H Hanotte, O Rieder, S AF Flury, C. Tapio, M. Sonstegard, T. Droegemueller, C. Leeb, T. Simianer, H. Hanotte, O. Rieder, S. TI Effective population size of an indigenous Swiss cattle breed estimated from linkage disequilibrium SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Effective population size; linkage disequilibrium; local breed; SNP ID PEDIGREE INFORMATION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; GENOME; EXTENT; VARIABILITY; SELECTION AB P>Effective population size is an important parameter for the assessment of genetic diversity within a livestock population and its development over time. If pedigree information is not available, linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis might offer an alternative perspective for the estimation of effective population size. In this study, 128 individuals of the Swiss Eringer breed were genotyped using the Illumina BovineSNP50 beadchip. We set bin size at 50 kb for LD analysis, assuming that LD for proximal single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-pairs reflects distant breeding history while LD from distal SNP-pairs would reflect near history. Recombination rates varied among different regions of the genome. The use of physical distances as an approximation of genetic distances (e.g. setting 1 Mb = 0.01 Morgan) led to an upward bias in LD-based estimates of effective population size for generations beyond 50, while estimates for recent history were unaffected. Correction for restricted sample size did not substantially affect these results. LD-based actual effective population size was estimated in the range of 87-149, whereas pedigree-based effective population size resulted in 321 individuals. For conservation purposes, requiring knowledge of recent history (< 50 generations), approximation assuming constant recombination rate seemed adequate. C1 [Flury, C.; Rieder, S.] Swiss Coll Agr, CH-3052 Zollikofen, Switzerland. [Tapio, M.; Hanotte, O.] ILRI, Nairobi, KY USA. [Sonstegard, T.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Droegemueller, C.; Leeb, T.] Univ Bern, Vetsuisse Fac, Inst Genet, Bern, Switzerland. [Simianer, H.] Univ Gottingen, Dept Anim Sci, Gottingen, Germany. [Hanotte, O.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Biol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Flury, C (reprint author), Swiss Coll Agr, Langgasse 85, CH-3052 Zollikofen, Switzerland. EM christine.flury@bfh.ch RI Hanotte, Olivier/B-4669-2013; Leeb, Tosso/G-3187-2014; Simianer, Henner/A-6574-2015; OI Leeb, Tosso/0000-0003-0553-4880; Simianer, Henner/0000-0002-7551-3797; Drogemuller, Cord/0000-0001-9773-522X FU USDA [ARS CRIS 1265-31000-098-00D]; RFPP-grant of the North-South-Centre, ETH Zurich; Velux-Foundation FX Dr Marie-Louise Glowatzki, Vet-Suisse Faculty, University of Berne is acknowledged for the access and distribution of the blood-samples. Ellie Fellay from the Swiss Eringer breeders association is acknowledged for the distribution of pedigree information. Alicia Bertle (USDA, ARS, BARC) is recognized for processing the BovineSNP50 assays. Genotyping was partially supported by the USDA, ARS CRIS 1265-31000-098-00D, Enhancing Genetic Merit of Dairy Cattle through Genome Selection and Analysis. Christine Flury benefited from a RFPP-grant of the North-South-Centre, ETH Zurich and a grant of the Velux-Foundation. This is ILRI publication number IL-200905. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2668 J9 J ANIM BREED GENET JI J. Anim. Breed. Genet. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 127 IS 5 BP 339 EP 347 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2010.00862.x PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 648SB UT WOS:000281713200005 PM 20831557 ER PT J AU Pezeshki, A Capuco, AV De Spiegeleer, B Peelman, L Stevens, M Collier, RJ Burvenich, C AF Pezeshki, A. Capuco, A. V. De Spiegeleer, B. Peelman, L. Stevens, M. Collier, R. J. Burvenich, C. TI An integrated view on how the management of the dry period length of lactating cows could affect mammary biology and defence SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE dry period length; bovine mammary gland involution; bovine mammary defence; immune status; intramammary infection ID PERIPARTURIENT DAIRY-COWS; SOMATIC-CELL COUNTS; NONESTERIFIED FATTY-ACIDS; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION; RECOMBINANT BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI MASTITIS; IN-OVINE NEUTROPHILS; SEX STEROID-HORMONES; MILK-PRODUCTION AB P>The dry period is necessary to facilitate cell turnover in the bovine mammary gland and to optimize milk production in the next lactation. An 8-week dry period has long been the golden standard of management for dairy cows. Genetic improvements and new management technologies have led to higher milk production and a need for re-evaluation of the dry period length. Over the last decade, dry period length has been proposed to be shortened or eliminated mainly from an economic point of view. However, the influence of modified dry period length on the immune defence of the bovine mammary gland and the occurrence of new intramammary infections has not yet been appreciated. The objective of this review is to discuss the bovine mammary gland biology, defence and systemic health when the dry period length is modified. Shortening or eliminating the dry period may minimize or remove the impact of milk accumulation at dry off, thereby lessening the immunodeficiency of the dam that is characteristic of this period. Composition of mammary secretions may change and the extent of tissue remodelling may be reduced when the dry period is reduced or eliminated. Additionally, impact of the dry period length on energy and nutritional status, and on hormonal and local regulatory factors, lead us to hypothesize that changing the dry period length might also affect the response to intramammary infection. It is concluded that there is a need to integrate mammary gland biology and defence mechanisms in studies dealing with modified dry period lengths. C1 [Pezeshki, A.; Capuco, A. V.; Stevens, M.; Burvenich, C.] Univ Ghent, Dept Physiol & Biometr, Fac Vet Med, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. [Capuco, A. V.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [De Spiegeleer, B.] Univ Ghent, Drug Qual & Registrat Grp, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Peelman, L.] Univ Ghent, Dept Nutr Genet & Ethol, Fac Vet Med, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. [Collier, R. J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Anim Sci, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Burvenich, C (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Physiol & Biometr, Fac Vet Med, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. EM christian.burvenich@ugent.be RI De Spiegeleer, Bart/A-2001-2008 OI De Spiegeleer, Bart/0000-0001-6794-3108 NR 239 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2439 J9 J ANIM PHYSIOL AN N JI J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 94 IS 5 BP e7 EP e30 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.00991.x PG 24 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 650DP UT WOS:000281829600002 PM 20546070 ER PT J AU Riley, DG Chase, CC Coleman, SW Olson, TA Randel, RD AF Riley, D. G. Chase, C. C., Jr. Coleman, S. W. Olson, T. A. Randel, R. D. TI Evaluation of tropically adapted straightbred and crossbred beef cattle: Heifer age and size at first conception and characteristics of their first calves SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE age at first conception; Brahman; breed effect; calving; heterosis; Romosinuano ID BOS-INDICUS; 5-BREED DIALLEL; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; COMPOSITE POPULATIONS; ADVANCED GENERATIONS; PREWEANING PERFORMANCE; 1ST-GENERATION COWS; POSTWEANING GROWTH; MATERNAL HETEROSIS; SIMMENTAL CATTLE AB The objectives of this work were to estimate genetic effects for age and size at estimated time of first conception, and temperament in straightbred and crossbred heifers (n = 554) produced from Romosinuano, Brahman, and Angus cattle, and to evaluate first-parturition performance of heifers, including calf birth weight, occurrence of calving difficulty, occurrence of poor vigor in their newborn calves, and calf mortality. At approximately 7 mo of age, weaned heifers were pastured with Mashona or Tuli bulls until confirmed pregnant. Body weight, hip height, exit velocity (m/s), and chute temperament score (1 = calm, no movement; 5 = continuous movement, struggling) were recorded at 28-d intervals until heifers averaged 19 mo of age. Age at first conception was estimated as age at calving minus 285 d. Regression analyses were used to estimate BW and hip height at age of first conception. Brahman heifers were older, heavier, and had greater hip height than other straightbred groups (P < 0.05) and most crossbred groups. Brahman and reciprocal Brahman-Angus heifers had greater (P < 0.05) exit velocity than Romosinuano and Angus heifers. Brahman sire and dam breed chute temperament scores were greater (P < 0.05) than those of all other breed groups. Estimates of heterosis for age at first conception were -53.7 +/- 9.5 (-11%), -56 +/- 10.1 (-11%), and -92.9 +/- 11 d (-18%) for Romosinuano-Brahman, Romosinuano-Angus, and Brahman-Angus, respectively (P < 0.01). Heterosis was detected (P < 0.04) for Romosinuano-Brahman for BW (12 +/- 4.3 kg, 3.7%) and hip height (1.3 +/- 0.6 cm, 1%) at first conception. Maternal heterosis for calf birth weight was 3.6 +/- 0.5 (12%) and 2.4 +/- 0.6 kg (8.6%) for Romosinuano-Angus and Brahman-Angus. In Romosinuano-Brahman and Brahman-Angus, heterosis for exit velocity was 0.23 +/- 0.09 (10%) and 0.5 +/- 0.1 m/s (21%). The direct breed effect of Romosinuano was to reduce age (-58.2 +/- 18.9 d), BW (-57.6 +/- 10.5 kg), and hip height (-2.6 +/- 1.1 cm) at the time of first conception (P < 0.01), and the direct Brahman effects (P < 0.001) were large and numerically positive for these traits (169.8 +/- 20.8 d, 93.3 +/- 11.6 kg, and 14 +/- 1.2 cm). Use of Romosinuano in crossbreeding programs with Brahman may be useful for decreasing the age at first conception. The larger birth weights of calves born to Romosinuano-Angus cross heifers would not be desirable in southern cow-calf operations. C1 [Riley, D. G.; Chase, C. C., Jr.; Coleman, S. W.] ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, USDA, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. [Olson, T. A.] Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Randel, R. D.] Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Overton, TX 75684 USA. RP Riley, DG (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 432 Kleberg Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM d-riley8@tamu.edu NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 88 IS 10 BP 3173 EP 3182 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2573 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 648EN UT WOS:000281673300002 PM 20581288 ER PT J AU Reuter, RR Carroll, JA Hulbert, LE Dailey, JW Galyean, ML AF Reuter, R. R. Carroll, J. A. Hulbert, L. E. Dailey, J. W. Galyean, M. L. TI Technical note: Development of a self-contained, indwelling rectal temperature probe for cattle research SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; indwelling temperature probe; rectal temperature monitoring ID BODY-TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; STEERS AB A device was developed to monitor rectal temperature automatically in cattle for application in research settings. Compared with manual measurement of rectal temperature, this device decreases labor and time requirements and allows data collection without the influence of animal handling or restraint. The device consists of a custom-fabricated aluminum tail harness that supports an indwelling rectal temperature data logger. Materials cost approximately US $300 per unit, and units are completely reusable. Use of this device would increase the conditions under which accurate rectal temperature measurements can be obtained in experiments with cattle. C1 [Carroll, J. A.; Hulbert, L. E.; Dailey, J. W.] ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Reuter, R. R.] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Galyean, M. L.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Carroll, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM jeff.carroll@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Livestock Issues Research Unit; Texas Tech University FX Supported by a specific cooperative agreement between the USDA-ARS Livestock Issues Research Unit and Texas Tech University. The Jessie W. Thornton Chair in Animal Science Endowment at Texas Tech University also provided funding to support this research. The efforts of J. McFarlane (MeterMall USA, Marysville, OH) in assisting with the conduct of this research are greatly appreciated. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 88 IS 10 BP 3291 EP 3295 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-3093 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 648EN UT WOS:000281673300015 PM 20562361 ER PT J AU Flythe, MD Aiken, GE AF Flythe, M. D. Aiken, G. E. TI Effects of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) extract on volatile fatty acid production by rumen bacteria SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acetate; hops; lupulone; plant secondary metabolite; propionate ratio; propionic acid; rumen ID ESSENTIAL OILS; RUMINAL FERMENTATION; MICROBIAL FERMENTATION; MEGASPHAERA-CEREVISIAE; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; MILK-COMPOSITION; DAIRY-COWS; MONENSIN; BEER; RESISTANCE AB Aims: To determine the effects of hops extract on in vitro volatile fatty acid (VFA) production by bovine rumen micro-organisms. Methods and Results: When mixed rumen microbes were suspended in media containing carbohydrates, the initial rates of VFA production were suppressed by beta-acid-rich hops extract. The rates of VFA production increased over extended incubations (24 h), and hops extract caused an increase in the propionate to acetate ratio. Hops extract inhibited the growth and metabolism of Streptococcus bovis, but Selenomonas ruminantium and Megasphaera elsdenii were not affected. Likewise, the propionate production of M. elsdenii/S. bovis co-cultures, but not M. elsdenii/S. ruminantium co-cultures, was decreased in the presence of hops extract. Conclusions: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the hops inhibit Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria (S. bovis), and the rumen microbial community requires a period of adaptation before normal VFA production resumes. Selenomonas bovis and S. ruminantium both produce lactate, which is the substrate for propionate production by M. elsdenii. However, S. ruminantium has an outer membrane, while S. bovis does not. Significance and Impact of Study: The enhanced production of the gluconeogenesis precursor, propionic acid, provides further evidence that plant secondary metabolites from hops could be used to improve rumen fermentation. C1 [Flythe, M. D.; Aiken, G. E.] ARS, USDA, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY USA. [Flythe, M. D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Aiken, G. E.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Flythe, MD (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, N-220 Ag Sci N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM michael.flythe@ars.usda.gov RI Flythe, Michael/F-2500-2010 OI Flythe, Michael/0000-0002-8868-9169 FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX This work was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Gloria Gellin and Tracy Hamilton provided technical assistance. We thank the University of Kentucky, Department of Animal and Food Sciences for access to the steers and S. S. Steiner, Inc. for donating the hops extract. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 109 IS 4 BP 1169 EP 1176 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04739.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 650ZU UT WOS:000281895200006 PM 20456526 ER PT J AU Esque, TC Young, JA Tracy, CR AF Esque, Todd C. Young, James A. Tracy, C. Richard TI Short-term effects of experimental fires on a Mojave Desert seed bank SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Invasive; Disturbance; Species composition; Passive avoidance; Active avoidance ID SONORAN DESERT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; DOWNY BROME; SOIL; GERMINATION; NEVADA; VEGETATION; ANNUALS; TEMPERATURES AB A Mojave Desert shrub community was experimentally burned to understand changes in seed bank of desert annual plant species in response to wildfire. Seed mortality ranged from 55 to 80%, and fire caused significant losses of native and alien annual seeds. Schism us arabicus, Schismus barbatus, Bromus madritensis, Bromus tectorum, Erodium cicutarium and Plantago spp. made up >95% of the seed bank. Bromus spp. and Plantago spp. had proportionately greater mortality of seeds than did Schismus spp. and E. cicutarium. Schismus spp. can be lodged into soil cracks thus avoiding lethal temperatures. E. cicutarium has a self-drilling mechanism that places the seeds at greater depth in the soil. Greater seed mortality occurred beneath shrub canopies than interspaces for most species (Plantago, spp., Bromus spp., and E. cicutarium), but microsite had little effect on Schismus spp. Fire reduced the perennial Ambrosia dumosa densities under canopies. Fire reduced the mean number of species found in samples by about one species per plot and no species was extirpated on experimental plots. The relative abundances of common species did not change dramatically as a result of fire or microsite, however; seed densities varied by treatment and affected interpretations of species compositions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Esque, Todd C.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Young, James A.] ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Esque, Todd C.; Tracy, C. Richard] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Esque, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM todd_esque@usgs.gov; jayoung@scs.unr.edu; dtracy@biodiversity.unr.edu FU US Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management in Arizona; US Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management in Utah; US Geological Survey FX We thank D.F. Haines, S.E. Eckert, R.S. Schwarz, and S.J. Scoles-Sciulla, for field assistance throughout this research project. Their personal commitment and enthusiasm was indispensable, and made a very large and difficult task much more fun and fulfilling than it would have been without them. Comments from L.A. DeFalco, J. Keeley, S.B. Jenkins, J.C. Chambers, and J. Yee improved this manuscript. T.A. Duck of the US Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management in Arizona and Utah arranged funding and logistical support.; L. Evers and the fire fighters on engines 147, 154, 163, 711 and 712 provided coordination, technical assistance, and logistical support for the experimental fires. The US Geological Survey, Invasive Species Program provided additional financial and logistical support throughout the project. NR 66 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1302 EP 1308 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.04.011 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 639LQ UT WOS:000280976700026 ER PT J AU Havstad, KM James, D AF Havstad, K. M. James, D. TI Prescribed burning to affect a state transition in a shrub-encroached desert grassland SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Black grama; Ecological sites; Fire; Mesquite control; Rangeland restoration; Sandy ecological site ID NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; AMERICAN GRASSLANDS; FIRE SEASON; VEGETATION; RESPONSES; INTENSITY; MESQUITE; GRASSES; MODELS; MEXICO AB Prescribed burning is a commonly advocated and historical practice for control of woody species encroachment into grasslands on all continents. However, desert grasslands of the southwestern United States often lack needed herbaceous fuel loads for effective prescriptions, dominant perennial graminoids may have poor fire tolerance, and some systems contain fire-tolerant invasive species. We examined long-term vegetation responses of a black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda Tort.) grassland that had been invaded by honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) following a single prescribed burn. Vegetation responses to a 1995 prescribed burn were evaluated in a replicated randomized complete block design with a 2 x 2 factorial treatment structure. Treatments were prescribed burning and livestock exclusion for both a grassland-dominated and a shrub-encroached grassland state within a complex of sandy and shallow sandy ecological sites. Vegetation responses were measured in 2008, 13 years after the burn treatment application. Neither black grama basal cover nor honey mesquite canopy cover were responsive (p < 0.05) to any treatment. A single prescribed burn would be ineffective as a shrub control practice in this environment. Repeated but infrequent prescribed burning within shrub-encroached vegetative states, when used in combination with managed grazing, may be the management required for a transition to desert grassland states within these ecological sites. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Havstad, K. M.; James, D.] New Mexico State Univ, ARS, USDA, Rangeland Res Unit Based Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Havstad, KM (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, ARS, USDA, Rangeland Res Unit Based Jornada Expt Range, Box 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM khavstad@nmsu.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [CRIS 6235-11210-006-00D]; National Science Foundation [DEB 0618210] FX John Anderson, Brandon Bestelmeyer, Dawn Browning, Don Devine, Eddie Garcia, Bob Gibbens, Valerie LaPlante, Jim Lenz, Connie Maxwell, Deb Peters, Kirsten Romig, Amy Slaughter, Lauren Svejcar, and Dave Thatcher were instrumental in providing assistance with different phases of this project. This research was supported by both the USDA Agricultural Research Service (CRIS 6235-11210-006-00D) and by the National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research program in the Jornada basin of southern New Mexico (DEB 0618210). NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1324 EP 1328 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.05.035 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 639LQ UT WOS:000280976700029 ER PT J AU Lawrence, PK Kittichotirat, W Bumgarner, RE McDermott, JE Herndon, DR Knowles, DP Srikumaran, S AF Lawrence, Paulraj K. Kittichotirat, Weerayuth Bumgarner, Roger E. McDermott, Jason E. Herndon, David R. Knowles, Donald P. Srikumaran, Subramaniam TI Genome Sequences of Mannheimia haemolytica Serotype A2: Ovine and Bovine Isolates (vol 192, pg 1167, 2010) SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Lawrence, Paulraj K.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lawrence, PK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Bumgarner, Roger/K-3531-2015 OI Bumgarner, Roger/0000-0002-8168-6985 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 192 IS 19 BP 5272 EP 5272 DI 10.1128/JB.00901-10 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 650QW UT WOS:000281866900055 ER PT J AU Macias-Rubalcava, ML Hernandez-Bautista, BE Oropeza, F Duarte, G Gonzalez, MC Glenn, AE Hanlin, RT Anaya, AL AF Macias-Rubalcava, Martha L. Hernandez-Bautista, Blanca E. Oropeza, Fabiola Duarte, Georgina Gonzalez, Maria C. Glenn, Anthony E. Hanlin, Richard T. Anaya, Ana Luisa TI Allelochemical Effects of Volatile Compounds and Organic Extracts from Muscodor yucatanensis, a Tropical Endophytic Fungus from Bursera simaruba SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Allelopathy; Bursera simaruba; Endophytic fungi; Muscodor yucatanensis; Phytopathogenic fungi; Phytopathogenic fungoids ID ANTIBIOTIC-PRODUCING FUNGUS; SP-NOV.; ALBUS; METABOLITES; ASCOMYCETE; DIVERSITY; CONTINUUM; PLANTS; TREES AB Muscodor yucatanensis, an endophytic fungus, was isolated from the leaves of Bursera simaruba (Burseraceae) in a dry, semideciduous tropical forest in the Ecological Reserve El Eden, Quintana Roo, Mexico. We tested the mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by M. yucatanensis for allelochemical effects against other endophytic fungi, phytopathogenic fungi and fungoids, and plants. VOCs were lethal to Guignardia mangifera, Colletotrichum sp., Phomopsis sp., Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia sp., Phytophthora capsici, and P. parasitica, but had no effect on Fusarium oxysporum, Xylaria sp., the endophytic isolate 120, or M. yucatanensis. VOCs inhibited root elongation in amaranth, tomato, and barnyard grass, particularly those produced during the first 15 days of fungal growth. VOCs were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and included compounds not previously reported from other Muscodor species and the previously reported compounds octane, 2-methyl butyl acetate, 2-pentyl furan, caryophyllene, and aromadendrene. We also evaluated organic extracts from the culture medium and mycelium of M. yucatanensis on the same endophytes, phytopathogens, and plants. In general, extracts inhibited plants more than endophytic or phytopathogens fungi. G. mangifera was the only organism that was significantly stimulated by both extracts regardless of concentration. Compounds in both organic extracts were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. We discuss the possible allelopathic role that metabolites of M. yucatanensis play in its ecological interactions with its host plant and other organisms. C1 [Macias-Rubalcava, Martha L.; Hernandez-Bautista, Blanca E.; Oropeza, Fabiola; Anaya, Ana Luisa] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Dept Ecol Func, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Duarte, Georgina] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Unidad Serv Apoyo Invest, Lab Espectrometria Masas, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Gonzalez, Maria C.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Dept Bot, Lab Micromicetos, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Glenn, Anthony E.] ARS, USDA, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Hanlin, Richard T.] Univ Georgia, Museum Nat Hist Annex, Bogart, GA 30622 USA. RP Anaya, AL (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Dept Ecol Func, Apartado Postal 70-275,Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM alanaya@ecologia.unam.mx FU DGAPA-UNAM [IN230107]; CONACyT [81017] FX This work was supported by grants IN230107 DGAPA-UNAM and CONACyT 81017. We thank Dr. Arturo Gomez-Pompa for support to work in El Eden Ecological Reserve, and to Biol. Juan Castillo for help in the field work. We also thank to Dra. Olga Gomez from Instituto de Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Estado de Mexico for the donation of plant-pathogenic microorganisms used in the bioassays; and Biol. Carmen Loyola for valuable help with photos of results on phytoinhibitory activity of VOCs from Muscodor yucatanensis, and Mar a Teresa Caudillo from Instituto de Ecologia, UNAM for support with the bioassays. NR 29 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1122 EP 1131 DI 10.1007/s10886-010-9848-5 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 661DO UT WOS:000282703400010 PM 20809145 ER PT J AU Nichols, WJ Cosse, AA Bartelt, RJ King, BH AF Nichols, William J., Jr. Cosse, Allard A. Bartelt, Robert J. King, Bethia H. TI Methyl 6-Methylsalicylate: A Female-Produced Pheromone Component of the Parasitoid Wasp Spalangia endius SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS); Methyl 6-methylsalicylate; Parasitoid wasp; Pteromalidae; Sex pheromones; Spalangia endius; Hymenoptera ID MANDIBULAR GLAND SECRETION; SLAVE-MAKING ANT; POLYERGUS-RUFESCENS HYMENOPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE; MATING STATUS; LARIOPHAGUS-DISTINGUENDUS; TRAIL PHEROMONE; PTEROMALIDAE; FORMICIDAE; MALES AB Sex-pheromone-related behavior and chemistry were studied in the wasp Spalangia endius Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a pupal parasitoid of the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Males responded behaviorally to female extracts by arrestment, whereas females did not arrest to male extracts. In a comparison of male and female extracts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), two female-specific compounds were found. One was identified as methyl 6-methylsalicylate (gas chromatographic retention time and mass spectrum versus an authentic standard), but the chemical structure of the second compound is still unknown. Male antennae were sensitive to both compounds in electrophysiological tests (GC-EAD). Males responded behaviorally to methyl 6-methylsalicylate by arrestment, but did not arrest to the second compound. Methyl 6-methylsalicylate has been reported previously from some ant and beetle species, but never from the Pteromalidae. Chemical analysis of the extracts and the male behavioral results are consistent with the hypothesis that methyl 6-methylsalicylate functions as a female-emitted pheromone component at short range, but the exact role of both compounds in intersexual interactions in S. endius remains to be determined. C1 [Nichols, William J., Jr.; King, Bethia H.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Cosse, Allard A.; Bartelt, Robert J.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Nichols, WJ (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM wjnjunior@yahoo.com NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1140 EP 1147 DI 10.1007/s10886-010-9855-6 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 661DO UT WOS:000282703400012 PM 20820889 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, K Sutton, DA Rinaldi, MG Sarver, BAJ Balajee, SA Schroers, HJ Summerbell, RC Robert, VARG Crous, PW Zhang, N Aoki, T Jung, K Park, J Lee, YH Kang, S Park, B Geiser, DM AF O'Donnell, Kerry Sutton, Deanna A. Rinaldi, Michael G. Sarver, Brice A. J. Balajee, S. Arunmozhi Schroers, Hans-Josef Summerbell, Richard C. Robert, Vincent A. R. G. Crous, Pedro W. Zhang, Ning Aoki, Takayuki Jung, Kyongyong Park, Jongsun Lee, Yong-Hwan Kang, Seogchan Park, Bongsoo Geiser, David M. TI Internet-Accessible DNA Sequence Database for Identifying Fusaria from Human and Animal Infections SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLANI SPECIES COMPLEX; VITRO ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; GENE GENEALOGIES; FUNGAL PATHOGENS; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; CRYPTIC SPECIATION; CONTACT-LENS; IDENTIFICATION; ASPERGILLUS AB Because less than one-third of clinically relevant fusaria can be accurately identified to species level using phenotypic data (i.e., morphological species recognition), we constructed a three-locus DNA sequence database to facilitate molecular identification of the 69 Fusarium species associated with human or animal mycoses encountered in clinical microbiology laboratories. The database comprises partial sequences from three nuclear genes: translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1 alpha), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase (RPB1), and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase (RPB2). These three gene fragments can be amplified by PCR and sequenced using primers that are conserved across the phylogenetic breadth of Fusarium. Phylogenetic analyses of the combined data set reveal that, with the exception of two monotypic lineages, all clinically relevant fusaria are nested in one of eight variously sized and strongly supported species complexes. The monophyletic lineages have been named informally to facilitate communication of an isolate's clade membership and genetic diversity. To identify isolates to the species included within the database, partial DNA sequence data from one or more of the three genes can be used as a BLAST query against the database which is Web accessible at FUSARIUM-ID (http://isolate.fusariumdb.org) and the Centraalbureau voor Schimmel-cultures (CBS-KNAW) Fungal Biodiversity Center (http://www.cbs.knaw.nl/fusarium). Alternatively, isolates can be identified via phylogenetic analysis by adding sequences of unknowns to the DNA sequence alignment, which can be downloaded from the two aforementioned websites. The utility of this database should increase significantly as members of the clinical microbiology community deposit in internationally accessible culture collections (e.g., CBS-KNAW or the Fusarium Research Center) cultures of novel mycosis-associated fusaria, along with associated, corrected sequence chromatograms and data, so that the sequence results can be verified and isolates are made available for future study. C1 [O'Donnell, Kerry] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sutton, Deanna A.; Rinaldi, Michael G.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Sarver, Brice A. J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Balajee, S. Arunmozhi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schroers, Hans-Josef] Agr Inst Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Summerbell, Richard C.] Sporometrics Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Robert, Vincent A. R. G.; Crous, Pedro W.] CBS KNAW Fungal Biodivers Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Zhang, Ning] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Aoki, Takayuki] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, NIAS Genebank MAFF, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [Jung, Kyongyong; Park, Jongsun; Lee, Yong-Hwan] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Kang, Seogchan; Park, Bongsoo; Geiser, David M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kerry.odonnell@ars.usda.gov RI Crous, Pedro/H-1489-2012; Zhang, Ning/K-3046-2012; Geiser, David/J-9950-2013; OI Crous, Pedro/0000-0001-9085-8825; Zhang, Ning/0000-0003-0755-2505; Park, Jongsun/0000-0003-0786-4701 NR 86 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 48 IS 10 BP 3708 EP 3718 DI 10.1128/JCM.00989-10 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 659CN UT WOS:000282544700036 PM 20686083 ER PT J AU Flaherty, EA Ben-David, M Smith, WP AF Flaherty, Elizabeth A. Ben-David, Merav Smith, Winston P. TI Quadrupedal locomotor performance in two species of arboreal squirrels: predicting energy savings of gliding SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cost of transport; Dispersal; Energetics; Glaucomys sabrinus; Respirometry; Sciurus niger ID NORTHERN FLYING SQUIRRELS; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; BODY-SIZE; INTERMITTENT LOCOMOTION; RUNNING ENERGETICS; FOREST FRAGMENTS; PTEROMYS-VOLANS; FORAGING TIME; MAMMALS AB Gliding allows mammals to exploit canopy habitats of old-growth forests possibly as a means to save energy. To assess costs of quadrupedal locomotion for a gliding arboreal mammal, we used open-flow respirometry and a variable-speed treadmill to measure oxygen consumption and to calculate cost of transport, excess exercise oxygen consumption, and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption for nine northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) and four fox squirrels (Sciurus niger). Our results indicate that oxygen consumption during exercise by flying squirrels was 1.26-1.65 times higher than predicted based on body mass, and exponentially increased with velocity (from 0.84 +/- A 0.03 ml O(2) kg(-1) s(-1) at 0.40 m s(-1) to 1.55 +/- A 0.03 ml O(2) kg(-1) s(-1) at 0.67 m s(-1)). Also, cost of transport in flying squirrels increased with velocity, although excess exercise oxygen consumption and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption did not. In contrast, oxygen consumption during exercise for fox squirrels was similar to predicted, varying from 0.51 (+/- 0.02) ml O(2) kg(-1) s(-1) at 0.63 m s(-1) to 0.54 (+/- 0.03) ml O(2) kg(-1) s(-1) at 1.25 m s(-1). In addition, the cost of transport for fox squirrels decreased with velocity, while excess exercise oxygen consumption and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption did not. Collectively, these observations suggest that unlike fox squirrels, flying squirrels are poorly adapted to prolonged bouts of quadrupedal locomotion. The evolution of skeletal adaptations to climbing, leaping, and landing and the development of a gliding membrane likely has increased the cost of quadrupedal locomotion by > 50% while resulting in energy savings during gliding and reduction in travel time between foraging patches. C1 [Flaherty, Elizabeth A.; Ben-David, Merav] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Dept 3166, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Ben-David, Merav] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Smith, Winston P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Flaherty, EA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Dept 3166, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM lizf@uwyo.edu RI Flaherty, Elizabeth/F-1825-2017 OI Flaherty, Elizabeth/0000-0001-6872-7984 FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Forest Service; University of Wyoming FX We would like to thank R. Carroll for his assistance caring for the captive squirrels. Sable Systems, Inc. answered many questions and provided assistance with our respirometry equipment. Drs. H. J. Harlow, C. Martinez del Rio, and T. M. Williams provided helpful insights in the early planning stages of this project. We thank S. W. Buskirk, R. L. Essner, Jr., G. Hayward, S. Miller, T. M. Williams and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Forest Service, and the University of Wyoming. NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0174-1578 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 180 IS 7 BP 1067 EP 1078 DI 10.1007/s00360-010-0470-1 PG 12 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 651TH UT WOS:000281949500011 PM 20361193 ER PT J AU Lombard, JE Tucker, CB von Keyserlingk, MAG Kopral, CA Weary, DM AF Lombard, J. E. Tucker, C. B. von Keyserlingk, M. A. G. Kopral, C. A. Weary, D. M. TI Associations between cow hygiene, hock injuries, and free stall usage on US dairy farms SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cow comfort; animal welfare; hock injury; lying ID LYING BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL-WELFARE; ASSURANCE PROGRAMS; TAIL DOCKING; CLEANLINESS; CATTLE; PARAMETERS; COMFORT; UDDER; PREVALENCE AB This cross-sectional study evaluated cow comfort measures in free stall dairies across the United States as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System's Dairy 2007 study. The study was conducted in 17 states and evaluations were completed between March 5 and September 5, 2007. Assessors recorded hygiene and hock scores, number of cows housed in the pen, the number of cows standing with only the front feet in a stall, standing fully in a stall, and lying in a stall. Facility design measures included bedding type, bedding quantity, stall length and width, presence of a neck rail or brisket locator, and relevant distances from the rear and bed of the stall. Of the 491 operations that completed the cow comfort assessment, 297 had Holstein cows housed in free stalls and were included in this analysis. Negative binomial models were constructed to evaluate the following outcomes: the number of cows that were very dirty, had severe hock injuries, stood with front feet in the stall, stood with all feet in the stall, and were lying in the stall. Hygiene was better on farms that did not tail dock cows compared with those that did (5.7 vs. 8.8% were dirty) and on farms located in the study's west region compared with those located in the east region (5.2 vs. 9.7% were dirty). Severe hock injuries were less common on farms in the west than those in the east (0.5 vs. 4.1%). In addition, severe hock injuries were less common on farms that used dirt as a stall base or sand as bedding compared with farms that did not. A higher percentage of cows was standing with front feet in the stall at higher ambient temperatures (incidence rate ratio = 1.016) and as time since feeding increased (incidence rate ratio = 1.030). A lower percentage of cows were standing with front feet in the stall when the stalls were shorter and when there were fewer cows per stall. Standing fully in a stall was performed by a higher percentage of cows during the summer than during the spring (13.6 vs. 8.1%), when cows were provided free stalls with rubber mats or mattresses, and as the distance from the rear curb to neck rail increased. A higher percentage of cows were lying in a stall when sand bedding was used, when bedding was added more frequently, and during the spring months. Results of this national survey indicate that tail docking provides no benefit to cow hygiene and that stall base and bedding are key factors influencing hock injuries and stall usage on US free stall dairy farms. C1 [Lombard, J. E.; Kopral, C. A.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Tucker, C. B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Anim Welf, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [von Keyserlingk, M. A. G.; Weary, D. M.] Univ British Columbia, Anim Welf Program, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Lombard, JE (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jason.e.lombard@aphis.usda.gov RI Weary, Daniel/A-8868-2010 OI Weary, Daniel/0000-0002-0917-3982 NR 41 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 93 IS 10 BP 4668 EP 4676 DI 10.3168/jds.2010-3225 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 654AG UT WOS:000282139900024 PM 20855001 ER PT J AU Williams, WL Tedeschi, LO Kononoff, PJ Callaway, TR Dowd, SE Karges, K Gibson, ML AF Williams, W. L. Tedeschi, L. O. Kononoff, P. J. Callaway, T. R. Dowd, S. E. Karges, K. Gibson, M. L. TI Evaluation of in vitro gas production and rumen bacterial populations fermenting corn milling (co)products SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gas production; distillers grain; bacteria profile; pyrosequencing ID AMPLICON PYROSEQUENCING BTEFAP; DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; SOLUBLES; DIVERSITY; YIELD; FIBER; MILK AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentation dynamics of 2 commonly fed corn (co)products in their intact and defatted forms, using the in vitro gas production (IVGP) technique, and to investigate the shifts of the predominant rumen bacterial populations using the 16S rDNA bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) technique. The bTEFAP technique was used to determine the bacterial profile of each fermentation time at 24 and 48 h. Bacterial populations were identified at the species level. Species were grouped by substrate affinities (guilds) for cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, starch, sugars, protein, lipids, and lactate. The 2 (co)products were a dried distillers grain (DDG) plus solubles produced from a, low-heat drying process (BPX) and a high-protein DDG without solubles (HP). Chemical analysis revealed that BPX contained about 11.4% ether extract, whereas HP contained only 3.88%. Previous studies have indicated that processing methods, as well as fat content, of corn (co)products directly affect fermentation rate and substrate availability, but little information is available regarding changes in rumen bacterial populations. Fermentation profiles of intact and defatted BPX and HP were compared with alfalfa hay as a, standard profile. Defatting before incubation had no effect on total gas production in BPX or HP, but reduced lag time and the fractional rate of fermentation of BPX by at least half, whereas there was no effect for HP. The HP feed supported a greater percentage of fibrolytic and proteolytic bacteria than did BPX. Defatting both DDG increased the fibrolytic (26.8 to 38.7%) and proteolytic (26.1 to 37.2%) bacterial guild populations and decreased the lactate-utilizing bacterial guild (3.06 to 1.44%). Information regarding the fermentation kinetics and bacterial population shifts when feeding corn (co)products may lead to more innovative processing methods that improve feed quality (e.g., deoiling) and consequently allow greater inclusion rates in dairy cow rations. C1 [Williams, W. L.; Tedeschi, L. O.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kononoff, P. J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Callaway, T. R.] ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Dowd, S. E.] Med Biofilm Res Inst, Res & Testing Lab, Lubbock, TX 79410 USA. [Karges, K.; Gibson, M. L.] Dakota Gold Res Assoc, Sioux Falls, SD 57104 USA. RP Tedeschi, LO (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM luis.tedeschi@tamu.edu RI Tedeschi, Luis/C-4395-2016; OI Tedeschi, Luis/0000-0003-1883-4911; Kononoff, Paul/0000-0001-6069-2174 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 93 IS 10 BP 4735 EP 4743 DI 10.3168/jds.2009-2920 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 654AG UT WOS:000282139900031 PM 20855008 ER PT J AU Tovar-Luna, I Puchala, R Sahlu, T Freetly, HC Goetsch, AL AF Tovar-Luna, I. Puchala, R. Sahlu, T. Freetly, H. C. Goetsch, A. L. TI Effects of stage of lactation and dietary concentrate level on energy utilization by Alpine dairy goats SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy goat; lactation; energy ID REQUIREMENTS; MAINTENANCE; EXPENDITURE; RUMINANTS AB Twenty-four lactating and 13 nonlactating Alpine goats were used to determine effects of stage of lactation and dietary concentrate level on energy utilization. Diets comprising 60 or 20% concentrate (60%C and 20%C, respectively) were consumed ad libitum by lactating animals and at a level of intake near maintenance by nonlactating animals. Measurement periods were d 25 to 31 (early), 87 to 94 (mid), and 176 to 183 (late) of lactation. Eleven observations were made in early and mid lactation for each diet, and 8 and 7 were made in late lactation for the 60%C and 20%C diets, respectively. Efficiency of metabolizable energy (ME) use for maintenance (66.9, 71.4, and 61.1% for early, mid, and late lactation, respectively) and the maintenance ME requirement (479, 449, and 521 kJ/kg of BW(0.75) for early, mid, and late lactation., respectively) determined with nonlactating animals differed among stages of lactation. The efficiency of ME use for maintenance was similar between diets, but the maintenance requirement tended to be greater for the 60%C than for the 20%C diet (504 vs. 463 kJ/kg of BW(0.75)). The latter difference may have involved greater ME intake for the 60%C diet, resulting in a slightly greater difference between ME intake and total heat energy for the 60%C compared with the 20%C diet (11 vs. 8 kJ/kg of BW(0.75)). Intake of ME by lactating goats was greater for the 60%C than for the 20%C diet (18.6 vs. 16.3 MJ/d). Recovered energy in lactation from mobilized tissue tended to be greater for the 60%C than for the 20%C diet (8.44 vs. 6.55 MJ/d) and differed among stages of lactation (2.60, 1.59, and 1.13 MJ/d in early, mid, and late lactation, respectively). Recovered energy in tissue gain was similar among stages of lactation and between diets and was not different from 0. Efficiency of use of dietary ME for lactation differed among stages of lactation (59.5, 51.9, and 65.4% for early, mid, and late lactation, respectively) and tended to be greater for the 60%C than for the 20%C diet (64.2 vs. 54.9%). The efficiency of use of dietary ME for maintenance and lactation was similar among stages of lactation and was greater for the 60%C compared with the 20%C diet (64.3 vs. 60.9%). Predicted milk yield from National Research Council requirements was reasonably accurate. In conclusion, using data of nonlactating goats to study energy utilization for maintenance in lactation has limitations. Efficiency of energy use by lactating dairy goats consuming diets high in concentrate appears greater than that by goats consuming diets low in concentrate. Despite differences in nutrient requirement expressions, observations of this study support National Research Council recommendations of energy requirements of lactating dairy goats. C1 [Tovar-Luna, I.; Puchala, R.; Sahlu, T.; Goetsch, A. L.] Langston Univ, Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. [Tovar-Luna, I.] Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Unidad Reg Univ Zonas Aridas, Bermejillo 35230, Durango, Mexico. [Freetly, H. C.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), Langston Univ, Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM goetsch@luresext.edu FU USDA [99-38814-9500] FX This project was supported by USDA Project Number 99-38814-9500. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 93 IS 10 BP 4818 EP 4828 DI 10.3168/jds.2010-3315 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 654AG UT WOS:000282139900038 PM 20855015 ER PT J AU Tovar-Luna, I Puchala, R Sahlu, T Freetly, HC Goetsch, AL AF Tovar-Luna, I. Puchala, R. Sahlu, T. Freetly, H. C. Goetsch, A. L. TI Effects of stage of lactation and level of feed intake on energy utilization by Alpine dairy goats SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy goat; lactation; energy ID METABOLISM; COWS AB Thirty-six lactating Alpine does were used to determine effects of stage of lactation and level of feed intake on energy utilization. Twelve does were assigned to measurement periods in early, mid, and late lactation (wk 5, 13, and 27, respectively). For 6 does of each group, after ad libitum consumption of a 60% concentrate diet, feed intake was restricted to near the metabolizable energy (ME) requirement for maintenance (ME(m)) for 8 d followed by fasting for 4 d. For other does, fasting immediately followed ad libitum consumption. Intake of ME was similar among stages of lactation with ad libitum intake (22.1, 22.1, and 19.8 kJ/d in early, mid, and late lactation, respectively). The efficiency of ME use for maintenance determined with does fed near ME(m) averaged 81%. Fasting heat energy was greater for ad libitum consumption than for near ME(m) consumption [368 vs. 326 kJ/kg of body weight (BW)(0.75)] and was numerically lowest among stages in late lactation with near ME(m) intake (334, 350, and 295 kJ/kg of BW(0.75) in early, mid, and late lactation, respectively) and ad libitum consumption (386, 384, and 333 kJ/kg of BW(0.75) in early, mid, and late lactation, respectively). The efficiency of use of dietary ME for lactation was greater for consumption near ME(m) than for consumption ad libitum (67.9 vs. 58.6%) and with ad libitum consumption tended to decrease with advancing stage of lactation (63.9, 57.3, and 54.5% for early, mid, and late lactation, respectively). Estimated ME(m) was greater for ad libitum intake than for near ME(m) intake and was lowest during late lactation (429, 432, and 358 kJ/kg of BW(0.75) for near ME(m) intake and 494, 471, and 399 kJ/kg of BW(0.75) for ad libitum intake in early, mid, and late lactation, respectively). However, because of increasing BW as the experiment progressed, ME(m) (MJ/d) was similar among stages of lactation with both levels of intake. The efficiency of ME use for maintenance and lactation was similar among stages of lactation and greater with near ME(m) intake than ad libitum intake (77.1 vs. 67.7%). In conclusion, the ME(m) requirement (kJ/kg of BW(0.75)) of does in late lactation was less than in early and rind lactation. A marked effect of restricted feed intake subsequent to ad libitum consumption was observed on estimates of efficiency of energy use for maintenance and lactation was observed compared with use of nonlactating animals. Level of feed intake can have substantial effect; on estimates of energy utilization by lactating dairy goats. C1 [Tovar-Luna, I.; Puchala, R.; Sahlu, T.; Goetsch, A. L.] Langston Univ, Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. [Tovar-Luna, I.] Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Unidad Reg Univ Zonas Aridas, Bermejillo 35230, Durango, Mexico. [Freetly, H. C.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), Langston Univ, Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM goetsch@luresext.edu FU USDA [99-38814-9500]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Mexico, D.F. (CONACYT-Mexico) FX This project was supported by USDA Project Number 99-38814-9500. Appreciation is expressed to Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Mexico, D.F. (CONACYT-Mexico) for a sabbatical scholarship (I. Tovar-Luna). NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 93 IS 10 BP 4829 EP 4837 DI 10.3168/jds.2010-3316 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 654AG UT WOS:000282139900039 PM 20855016 ER PT J AU vanEngelsdorp, D Speybroeck, N Evans, JD Nguyen, BK Mullin, C Frazier, M Frazier, J Cox-Foster, D Chen, YP Tarpy, DR Haubruge, E Pettis, JS Saegerman, C AF vanEngelsdorp, Dennis Speybroeck, Niko Evans, Jay D. Nguyen, Bach Kim Mullin, Chris Frazier, Maryann Frazier, Jim Cox-Foster, Diana Chen, Yanping Tarpy, David R. Haubruge, Eric Pettis, Jeffrey S. Saegerman, Claude TI Weighing Risk Factors Associated With Bee Colony Collapse Disorder by Classification and Regression Tree Analysis SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE colony collapse disorder; epidemiology; classification and regression tree analysis; pathogens; Apis mellifera ID APIS-MELLIFERA; HONEY-BEE; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; ACARICIDE RESIDUES; COUMAPHOS; LOSSES; MITICIDES; TOXICITY; MODELS; WINTER AB Colony collapse disorder (CCD), a syndrome whose defining trait is the rapid loss of adult worker honey bees, Apis mellifera L., is thought to be responsible for a minority of the large overwintering losses experienced by U.S. beekeepers since the winter 2006-2007. Using the same data set developed to perform a monofactorial analysis (PloS ONE 4: e6481, 2009), we conducted a classification and regression tree (CART) analysis in an attempt to better understand the relative importance and interrelations among different risk variables in explaining CCD. Fifty-five exploratory variables were used to construct two CART models: one model with and one model without a cost of misclassifying a CCD-diagnosed colony as a non-CCD colony. The resulting model tree that permitted for misclassification had a sensitivity and specificity of 85 and 74%, respectively. Although factors measuring colony stress (e.g., adult bee physiological measures, such as fluctuating asymmetry or mass of head) were important discriminating values, six of the 19 variables having the greatest discriminatory value were pesticide levels in different hive matrices. Notably, coumaphos levels in brood (a miticide commonly used by beekeepers) had the highest discriminatory value and were highest in control (healthy) colonies. Our CART analysis provides evidence that CCD is probably the result of several factors acting in concert, making afflicted colonies more susceptible to disease. This analysis highlights several areas that warrant further attention, including the effect of sublethal pesticide exposure on pathogen prevalence and the role of variability in bee tolerance to pesticides on colony survivorship. C1 [Saegerman, Claude] Univ Liege, Fac Vet Med, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [vanEngelsdorp, Dennis] Penn Dept Agr, Bur Plant Ind, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. [vanEngelsdorp, Dennis; Mullin, Chris; Frazier, Maryann; Frazier, Jim; Cox-Foster, Diana] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Speybroeck, Niko] Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. [Speybroeck, Niko] Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Hlth & Soc, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. [Evans, Jay D.; Chen, Yanping; Pettis, Jeffrey S.] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Nguyen, Bach Kim; Haubruge, Eric] Univ Liege, Dept Funct & Evolutionary Entomol, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. [Tarpy, David R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Saegerman, C (reprint author), Univ Liege, Fac Vet Med, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. EM claude.saegerman@ulg.ac.be RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; Cox-Foster, Diana/L-1538-2013; vanEngelsdorp, Dennis/E-7934-2010 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; FU National Honey Board; USDA-ARS; Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture; Penn State Hatch funds; North Carolina Agriculture Foundation; North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2007-02281]; University of Liege Belgium FX This research was funded by the National Honey Board and the USDA-ARS Areawide Program on bee health; the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture; Penn State Hatch funds; the North Carolina Agriculture Foundation; a grant from the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services; the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (grant 2007-02281); and the University of Liege Belgium. NR 33 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 8 U2 97 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1517 EP 1523 DI 10.1603/EC09429 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 662FO UT WOS:000282793000002 PM 21061948 ER PT J AU Lord, JC AF Lord, Jeffrey C. TI Dietary Stress Increases the Susceptibility of Tribolium castaneum to Beauveria bassiana SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; starvation; stress; diet; Tribolium castaneum ID METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH; IMMUNE FUNCTION; FOOD; INFECTION; BEETLE; LEPIDOPTERA; COLEOPTERA; EFFICACY; LARVAE AB Sanitation being an important component of chemical-free management of stored-products pests, the nutritional stress on insects that results from a clean environment may prove advantageous to the use of microbial controls. Dietary stress by food deprivation or suboptimal diet increased susceptibility of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), larvae to Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin. Fungus-related mortality increased linearly with the number of days of food deprivation. Rearing of larvae on a rice meal diet resulted in slower development and greater susceptibility to B. bassiana than rearing on whole wheat flour with brewer's yeast. Larvae that were fed for 24 h on flour with B. bassiana conidia consumed significantly less and weighed significantly less than those that were fed fungus-free flour. Thus, the presence of B. bassiana conidia is itself a cause of dietary stress. C1 ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Lord, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM jeff.lord@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1542 EP 1546 DI 10.1603/EC09311 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 662FO UT WOS:000282793000005 PM 21061951 ER PT J AU Tobin, PC Diss-Torrance, A Blackburn, LM Brown, BD AF Tobin, Patrick C. Diss-Torrance, Andrea Blackburn, Laura M. Brown, Brian D. TI What Does "Local" Firewood Buy You? Managing the Risk of Invasive Species Introduction SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asian longhorned beetle; biological invasions; emerald ash borer; firewood; invasive species management ID ANOPLOPHORA-GLABRIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; EMERALD ASH BORER; UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; CERAMBYCIDAE AB Firewood can serve as a vector in the transport of non-native species, including wood-boring insects that feed within the wood and thus can be transported accidentally. Governments have enacted limitations on the movement of firewood in an effort to limit the anthropogenic movement of non-native species through, for example, recreational camping. Although the movement of invasive species through firewood is a documented invasion pathway, it is not trivial for governments to determine a "safe" allowable distance for moving firewood. We were motivated by this challenge and developed a theoretical simulation to determine the campgrounds that could be potentially exposed to infested firewood based upon the hypothetical distribution of an invasive species and the allowable distance for moving firewood. We extend this concept to the known distributions of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). We illustrate, based upon theoretical and empirical observations, that as the distribution of an invasive species increases, more rigid constraints on the movement of firewood would be required relative to those species that are distributed over a smaller scale. Also, on the level of management within a state, smaller states have far less margin for error than larger ones, as even extremely rigid restrictions on the movement of firewood could have little management effect unless the infested area is spatially limited. These results collectively suggest the potential for a dynamic management strategy that adjusts allowable distances for firewood movement based upon the distribution of the non-native species. C1 [Tobin, Patrick C.; Blackburn, Laura M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Diss-Torrance, Andrea; Brown, Brian D.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Off Sci Serv, Div Forestry, Madison, WI 53707 USA. RP Tobin, PC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ptobin@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 27 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1569 EP 1576 DI 10.1603/EC10140 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 662FO UT WOS:000282793000009 PM 21061955 ER PT J AU Jang, E Khrimian, A Holler, T AF Jang, Eric Khrimian, Ashot Holler, Timothy TI Field Response of Mediterranean Fruit Flies to Ceralure B1 Relative to Most Active Isomer and Commercial Formulation of Trimedlure SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ceralure; trimedlure; Mediterranean fruit fly; attractants; detection ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA WIEDEMANN; FLY DIPTERA; CONTROLLED-RELEASE; TEPHRITIDAE; ATTRACTIVENESS; ATTRACTANTS; ENANTIOMERS; PERFORMANCE AB In a field test to examine attractancy of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), relative to release rates, equal moles of racemic ceralure B1 and trimedlure isomer C were compared on cotton wicks. Data were collected at 2, 4, and 7 d. The substrates were analyzed for longevity and overall persistence in the field. Ceralure B1 was equally attractive as trimedlure C for the first 2 d and significantly more so at 4 and 7 d based on trap counts of captured male Mediterranean fruit flies. Residue analysis of weathered wicks showed that the trimedlure C lasted for just 2 d in our field evaluations, whereas ceralure B1 had measurable material present after 7 d. Thus, based on the amounts of chemicals released, ceralure B1 was more active even in the first 2 d. Ceralure B1 also was formulated in a plastic matrix (ceralure coin) at three different dosages and tested for attractancy in the field against a 2-g trimedlure plug. A 150-mg ceralure B1 coin was equally attractive as a commercial 2-g trimedlure plug, whereas a 300-mg coin was significantly more attractive during a 6-8-wk deployment. Although our results clearly show that ceralure B1 is a superior attractant to trimedlure, costs of synthesis need to be considered as part of an overall program management strategy. C1 [Jang, Eric] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Khrimian, Ashot] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Holler, Timothy] USDA APHIS PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Jang, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM eric.jang@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1586 EP 1593 DI 10.1603/EC09296 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 662FO UT WOS:000282793000011 PM 21061957 ER PT J AU Vargas, RI Pinero, JC Jang, EB Mau, RFL Stark, JD Gomez, L Stoltman, L Mafra-Neto, A AF Vargas, Roger I. Pinero, Jaime C. Jang, Eric B. Mau, Ronald F. L. Stark, John D. Gomez, Luis Stoltman, Lyndsie Mafra-Neto, Agenor TI Response of Melon Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Weathered SPLAT-Spinosad-Cue-Lure SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera cucurbitae; Min-U-Gel; male annihilation treatment; naled; control ID ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY; RASPBERRY KETONE FORMATE; MALE-ANNIHILATION; METHYL EUGENOL; FLIES DIPTERA; HAWAII; ERADICATION; TRAPS; FORMULATIONS; SUPPRESSION AB Studies were conducted in Hawaii to measure attraction of male melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae), to SPLAT-Cue-Lure (C-L) and SPLAT-Melo-Lure (M-L) (raspberry ketone formate). Direct field comparisons of SPLAT-C-L and SPLAT-M-L at low (5%) and high (20%) concentrations indicated few differences in attraction over a 15-wk period. Subsequently, only SPLAT-Spinosad-C-L (5%) was compared with Min-U-Gel C-L with naled (standard used in California) in weathering studies. Treatments were weathered for 1, 2, 4, and 8 wk in Riverside, CA, and shipped to Hawaii for attraction/toxicity tests under field and semifield conditions by using released males of controlled ages, and for feeding tests in the laboratory. In terms of attraction, SPLAT-Spinosad-C-L compared favorably to, or outperformed the current standard of Min-U-Gel-C-L with naled. In terms of toxicity, the cumulative 24-h mortality did not differ between the two insecticide-containing C-L treatments in field cage studies after 8 wk. However, in feeding studies in which individual males were exposed for 5 min to the different C-L treatments after 4 wk of weathering, SPLAT-Spinosad-C-L demonstrated reduced mortality compared with the Min-U-Gel-C-L with naled, suggesting reduced persistence of the spinosad material. Spinosad has low contact toxicity and when mixed with SPLAT and C-L offers a reduced risk alternative for control of B. cucurbitae and related C-L-responding species, without many of the negative effects to humans and nontargets of broad-spectrum contact poisons such as naled. C1 [Vargas, Roger I.] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Pinero, Jaime C.; Mau, Ronald F. L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Stark, John D.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Gomez, Luis] Dow AgroSci, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. [Stoltman, Lyndsie; Mafra-Neto, Agenor] ISCA Technol, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Vargas, RI (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM roger.vargas@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1594 EP 1602 DI 10.1603/EC09406 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 662FO UT WOS:000282793000012 PM 21061958 ER PT J AU Mankin, RW Hodges, RD Nagle, HT Schal, C Pereira, RM Koehler, PG AF Mankin, R. W. Hodges, R. D. Nagle, H. T. Schal, C. Pereira, R. M. Koehler, P. G. TI Acoustic Indicators for Targeted Detection of Stored Product and Urban Insect Pests by Inexpensive Infrared, Acoustic, and Vibrational Detection of Movement SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bed bug; cockroach; rice weevil; red flour beetle; drugstore beetle ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; CHEMICAL LURE; WHITE GRUBS; INFESTATION; BEHAVIOR; SENSOR; SOIL; COCKROACHES; DROSOPHILA; KERNELS AB Crawling and scraping activity of three stored-product pests, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and Stegobium paniceum (L.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), and two urban pests. Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Blattellidae) and Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), were monitored individually by infrared sensors, microphones, and a piezoelectric sensor in a small arena to evaluate effects of insect locomotory behavior and size on the ability of an inexpensively constructed instrument to detect insects and distinguish among different species. Adults of all species could be detected when crawling or scraping. The smallest insects in the study, first-fourth-instar C. lectularius nymphs, could not be detected easily when crawling, but could be detected when scraping. Sound and vibration sensors detected brief, 3-10-ms impulses from all tested species, often grouped in distinctive trains (bursts), typical of impulses in previous acoustic detection experiments. To consider the potential for targeting or focusing detection on particular species of interest, indicators were developed to assess the likelihood of detection of C. lectularius. Statistically significant differences were found between C. lectularius and other species in distributions of three measured variables: infrared signal durations, sound impulse-burst durations, and sound pressure levels (energy) of impulses that best matched an averaged spectrum (profile) of scraping behavior. Thus, there is potential that signals collected by an inexpensive, polymodal-sensor instrument could be used in automated trapping systems to detect a targeted species, 0.1 mg or larger, in environments where servicing of traps is difficult or when timeliness of trapping information is important. C1 [Mankin, R. W.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Hodges, R. D.; Nagle, H. T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27645 USA. [Schal, C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pereira, R. M.; Koehler, P. G.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Mankin, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM richard.mankin@ars.usda.gov RI Pereira, Roberto/B-5008-2010; Schal, Coby/A-8717-2010 OI Pereira, Roberto/0000-0002-5618-7690; Schal, Coby/0000-0001-7195-6358 FU Global PBS, Inc., Tampa, FL FX Gopi Naik (University of Florida) and Everett Foreman and Betty Weaver (both ARS) provided technical support. We thank Edward Grant and Nikhil Deshpande (both NCSU) for software support and advice, and Richard G. Santangelo for assisting with insects. Financial support was provided in part by Global PBS, Inc., Tampa, FL. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 27 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1636 EP 1646 DI 10.1603/EC10126 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 662FO UT WOS:000282793000017 PM 21061963 ER PT J AU Brown, MW Mathews, CR Krawczyk, G AF Brown, M. W. Mathews, Clarissa R. Krawczyk, Greg TI Extrafloral Nectar in an Apple Ecosystem to Enhance Biological Control SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple; conservation biological control; Goniozus floridanus; Platynota idaeusalis; extrafloral nectar ID COTESIA-GLOMERATA; HABITAT MANAGEMENT; APHIS-SPIRAECOLA; NATURAL ENEMIES; PEST-MANAGEMENT; FLORAL NECTAR; ORCHARDS; CONSERVATION; PLANTS; LEPIDOPTERA AB A common goal of conservation biological control is to enhance biodiversity and increase abundance and effectiveness of predators and parasitoids. Although many studies report an increase in abundance of natural enemies, it has been difficult to document increases in rates of biological control. To enhance parasitism of the tufted apple bud moth, Platynota idaeusalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), alternate food was provided by interplanting peaches bearing extrafloral nectaries into apple (Mains spp.) orchards. Laboratory studies showed that the presence of nectar increased longevity and parasitism rates by Coniozus floridanus (Bethylidae), the dominant parasitoid of tufted apple bud moth in West Virginia. In orchard studies, we found the total number of hymenopteran parasitoids was higher on peach (Prunus spp.) trees than on adjacent apple trees. Abundance of parasitic Hymenoptera also was significantly higher on the side of traps facing away from rather than toward peach trees, indicating attraction to peach trees. However, total parasitism rates of tufted apple bud moth were not affected by the presence of peach extrafloral nectar in any field studies. Insect injury to fruit at harvest showed that fruit from orchards with interplanted peach trees had less injury from San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus pemiciosus (Comstock) and stink bugs (Pentatomidae) than fruit from an apple monoculture. Although interplanting with peach trees did not produce the hypothesized result of increased biological control, the experiment did have beneficial results for pest management. These results demonstrate the importance of collecting data on variables beyond the targeted species when evaluating habitat manipulation experiments to fully assess the impact on the ecosystem. C1 [Brown, M. W.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Mathews, Clarissa R.] Shepherd Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. [Krawczyk, Greg] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Biglerville, PA 17307 USA. RP Brown, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM mwb_ifp@yahoo.com FU National-Research Initiative of USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2003-35316-13773] FX We thank Brent Short for management of the field experiments and statistical analysis. Roberta Bisignano, Brent Short, Tom Unruh, and Chris Bergh provided valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This project was supported by the National-Research Initiative of USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service grant 2003-35316-13773. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 30 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1657 EP 1664 DI 10.1603/EC10019 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 662FO UT WOS:000282793000019 PM 21061965 ER PT J AU Haack, RA Petrice, TR Wiedenhoeft, AC AF Haack, Robert A. Petrice, Toby R. Wiedenhoeft, Alex C. TI Incidence of Bark- and Wood-Boring Insects in Firewood: A Survey at Michigan's Mackinac Bridge SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exotic; firewood; fuelwood; invasive; pathway ID EMERALD ASH BORER; AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; OAK BORER; BUPRESTIDAE; ECOLOGY; BEETLE; LOGS; MANAGEMENT AB Firewood is a major pathway for the inadvertent movement of bark- and wood-infesting insects. After discovery of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in southeastern Michigan in 2002, quarantines were enacted including prohibition of transporting firewood across the Mackinac Bridge between Michigan's Lower and Upper peninsulas. Drivers are required to surrender firewood before crossing the bridge. We surveyed recently surrendered firewood in April, July, and September 2008 and categorized it by genus, cross-sectional shape (whole, half, or quarter), approximate age (years since it was a live tree), presence of bark, and evidence of bark- and wood-boring insects. The 1,045 pieces of firewood examined represented 21 tree genera: primarily Acer (30%), Quercus (18%), Fraxinus (15%), Ulmus (12%), Betula (5%), and Prunus (5%). Live borers (Bostrichoidea, Brentidae, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Cossidae, Curculionidae [Scolytinae and non-Scolytinae], and Siricidae) were found in 23% of the pieces and another 41% had evidence of previous borer infestation. Of the 152 Fraxinus firewood pieces, 13% had evidence of past A. planipennis infestation, but we found no live A. planipennis. We discuss national "don't move firewood" campaigns and U.S. imports of fuelwood. During 1996-2009, the United States imported fuelwood valued at >$US98 million from 34 countries. C1 [Haack, Robert A.; Petrice, Toby R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Wiedenhoeft, Alex C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Haack, RA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 1407 S Harrison Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM rhaack@fs.fed.us NR 54 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1682 EP 1692 DI 10.1603/EC10041 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 662FO UT WOS:000282793000022 PM 21061968 ER PT J AU Kanga, LHB Adamczyk, J Marshall, K Cox, R AF Kanga, Lambert H. B. Adamczyk, John Marshall, Keith Cox, Robert TI Monitoring for Resistance to Organophosphorus and Pyrethroid Insecticides in Varroa Mite Populations SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Varroa destructor; Apis mellifera; monitoring insecticide resistance ID FLUVALINATE-RESISTANCE; HONEY-BEES; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; APIDAE COLONIES; JACOBSONI; DESTRUCTOR; LEPIDOPTERA; INFESTATION; HYMENOPTERA; ACARICIDES AB The occurrence of resistance in Varroa mite populations is a serious threat to the beekeeping industry and to crops that rely on the honey bee for pollination. Integrated pest management strategies for control of this pest include the judicious use of insecticides. To monitor field populations of Varroa mite for insecticide resistance, a glass vial bioassay procedure was developed to use in the development of a resistance management strategy. Diagnostic concentrations needed to separate susceptible genotypes from resistant individuals were determined for cypermethrin (0.1 mu g per vial), fluvalinate (5.0 mu g per vial), malathion (0.01 mu g per vial), coumaphos (10.0 mu g per vial), diazinon (5.0 mu g per vial), methomyl (0.5 mu g vial), propoxur (0.1 mu g per vial), and endosulfan (2.5 mu g per vial). Resistance to organophosphorus insecticides (malathion, coumaphos) and pyrethroids (cypermetrhrin, fluvalinate) was widespread in both La Media Ranch, TX, and Wewahitchka, FL, from 2007 to 2009. There was no resistance to endosulfan, diazinon, methomyl, and propoxur in field populations of Varroa mite in the two locations where resistance was monitored. The seasonal patterns of resistance in Wewahitchka were different from those of La Media Ranch. In the former location, the frequency of resistance to all insecticides tested decreased significantly from 2007 to 2009, whereas it increased in the latter location. Resistance levels were unstable, suggesting that resistance could be successfully managed. The results validate use of the glass vial bioassay to monitor for resistance in Varroa mite and provide the basis for the development of a resistance management strategy designed to extend the efficacy of all classes of insecticides used for control of Varroa mite. C1 [Kanga, Lambert H. B.; Marshall, Keith] Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Adamczyk, John] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Cox, Robert] ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Kanga, LHB (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. EM lambert.kanga@famu.edu NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 21 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1797 EP 1802 DI 10.1603/EC10064 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 662FO UT WOS:000282793000036 PM 21061982 ER PT J AU Hannon, ER Sisterson, MS Stock, SP Carriere, Y Tabashnik, BE Gassmann, AJ AF Hannon, Eugene R. Sisterson, Mark S. Stock, S. Patricia Carriere, Yves Tabashnik, Bruce E. Gassmann, Aaron J. TI Effects of Four Nematode Species on Fitness Costs of Pink Bollworm Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry1Ac SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecological negative cross-resistance; Pectinophora gossypiella; resistance management; simulation modeling; Steinernema riobrave ID PECTINOPHORA-GOSSYPIELLA SAUNDERS; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; INSECT RESISTANCE; TRANSGENIC CROPS; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; CULEX-PIPIENS; BT RESISTANCE; HOST-PLANT; EVOLUTION AB Evolution of resistance by pests can reduce the efficacy of transgenic crops that produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt). In conjunction with refuges of non-Bt host plants, fitness costs can delay the evolution of resistance. Furthermore, fitness costs often vary with ecological conditions, suggesting that agricultural landscapes can be manipulated to magnify fitness costs and thereby prolong the efficacy of Bt crops. In the current study, we tested the effects of four species of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) on the magnitude and dominance of fitness costs of resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). For more than a decade, field populations of pink bollworm in the United States have remained susceptible to Bt cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. producing Cry1Ac; however, we used laboratory strains that had a mixture of susceptible and resistant individuals. In laboratory experiments, dominant fitness costs were imposed by the nematode Steinernema riobrave Cabanillas, Poinar, and Raulston but no fitness costs were imposed by Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, Steinernema sp. (ML18 strain), or Heterorhabditis sonorensis Stock, Rivera-Orduno, and Flores-Lara. In computer simulations, evolution of resistance to Cry1Ac by pink bollworm was substantially delayed by treating some non-Bt cotton refuge fields with nematodes that imposed a dominant fitness cost, similar to the cost observed in laboratory experiments with S. riobrave. Based on the results here and in related studies, we conclude that entomopathogenic nematodes could bolster insect resistance management, but the success of this approach will depend on selecting the appropriate species of nematode and environment, as fitness costs were magnified by only two of five species evaluated and also depended on environmental factors. C1 [Gassmann, Aaron J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hannon, Eugene R.; Stock, S. Patricia; Carriere, Yves; Tabashnik, Bruce E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Sisterson, Mark S.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Gassmann, AJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM aaronjg@iastate.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture through National Research Initiative [2007-35302-18415] FX We thank Ana Romo, Alex Yelich, Christa Ellers-Kirk, Ginny Harpold, and Gopalan Unnithan for laboratory assistance. This research was supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture through the National Research Initiative 2007-35302-18415. NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1821 EP 1831 DI 10.1603/EC10087 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 662FO UT WOS:000282793000040 PM 21061986 ER PT J AU Puterka, GJ Hammon, RW Burd, JD Peairs, FB Randolph, T Cooper, WR AF Puterka, Gary J. Hammon, Robert W. Burd, John D. Peairs, Frank B. Randolph, Terri Cooper, W. Rodney TI Host Associations and Incidence of Diuraphis spp. in the Rocky Mountain Region of the United States, and Pictorial Key for Their Identification SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diuraphis noxia; Diuraphis mexicana; Diuraphis tritici; Diuraphis frequens; invasive species ID WHEAT APHID HEMIPTERA; NORTH-AMERICA; HOMOPTERA; COLORADO; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY AB The Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis no:via Kurdjumov, is an introduced species first identified in 1986 into the United States. It has since become a major pest of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and other small grains in the western United States. Three other Diuraphis species, Diuraphis frequens (Walker), Diuraphis mexicana (McVicar Baker), and Diuraphis tritici (Gillette), were already endemic to the United States before the introduction of D. noxia. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence and host associations of these four Diuraphis spp. in the Rocky Mountain region that borders the western Great Plains to better understand their distribution and ecological interactions. In addition, a key to these species with photographs of live or fresh preparations of specimens is presented to aid in their identification. D. noxia was the most widely distributed species in the study area spanning the Rocky Mountain areas of Wyoming, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado. This species was most common in the cereal-producing areas of the Colorado Plateau ecoregion. D. frequens was found to be the predominant species in the Alpine/Aspen Mountain areas of the South Central Rockies and Colorado Rockies ecoregions. The other Diuraphis species were rarely encountered even though their plant hosts occurred in the ecoregions sampled. D. noxia shared common hosts and was found co-infesting grasses with other Diuraphis species. Therefore, the potential exists for D. noxia to impact the other native Diuraphis species. C1 [Puterka, Gary J.; Burd, John D.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. [Hammon, Robert W.] Colorado State Univ, Grand Junction, CO 81502 USA. [Peairs, Frank B.; Randolph, Terri] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cooper, W. Rodney] ARS, USDA, WICS, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. RP Puterka, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Ctr, 1301 N Western, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. EM gary.puterka@ars.usda.gov RI Cooper, William/D-3205-2017 FU ARS-USDA [58-6217-7-038]; Colorado State University, Ft. Collins FX We thank Steve Parr (UCEPC) near Meeker, CO, for support in making collections and planting grass species. We also thank Gary Miller (ARS-USDA, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD) for verification of aphid species and for retaining voucher specimens. This study was conducted, in part, under Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-6217-7-038 between the ARS-USDA and Colorado State University, Ft. Collins. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1875 EP 1885 DI 10.1603/EC10135 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 662FO UT WOS:000282793000046 PM 21061992 ER PT J AU Epsky, ND Espinoza, HR Kendra, PE Abernathy, R Midgarden, D Heath, RR AF Epsky, Nancy D. Espinoza, Hernan R. Kendra, Paul E. Abernathy, Robert Midgarden, David Heath, Robert R. TI Effective Sampling Range of a Synthetic Protein-Based Attractant for Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mediterranean fruit fly; spatial statistics; geostatistics; variogram; contour analysis ID FRUIT-FLIES DIPTERA; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA DIPTERA; APPLE MAGGOT FLIES; FLY DIPTERA; TRAPPING SYSTEMS; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; FIELD-EVALUATION; PHEROMONE TRAPS; LUDENS DIPTERA; LOEW DIPTERA AB Studies were conducted in Honduras to determine effective sampling range of a female-targeted protein-based synthetic attractant for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Multi lure traps were baited with ammonium acetate, putrescine, and trimethylamine lures (three-component attractant) and sampled over eight consecutive weeks. Field design consisted of 38 traps (over 0.5 ha) placed in a combination of standard and high-density grids to facilitate geostatistical analysis, and tests were conducted in coffee (Coffea arabica L.), mango (Mangifera indica L.), and orthanique (Citrus sinensis x Citrus reticulata). Effective sampling range, as determined from the range parameter obtained from experimental variogrms that fit a spherical model, was approximate to 30 m for flies captured in tests in coffee or mango and approximate to 40 m for flies captured in orthanique. For comparison, a release-recapture study was conducted in mango using wild (field-collected) mixed sex C. capitata and an array of 20 baited traps spaced 10-50 m from the release point. Contour analysis was used to document spatial distribution of fly recaptures and to estimate effective sampling range, defined by the area that encompassed 90% of the recaptures. With this approach, effective range of the three-component attractant was estimated to be approximate to 28 m, similar to results obtained from variogram analysis. Contour maps indicated that wind direction had a strong influence on sampling range, which was approximate to 15 m greater upwind compared with downwind from the release point. Geostatistical analysis of field-captured insects in appropriately designed trapping grids may provide a supplement or alternative to release-recapture studies to estimate sampling ranges for semiochemical-based trapping systems. C1 [Epsky, Nancy D.; Kendra, Paul E.; Heath, Robert R.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Espinoza, Hernan R.] Fdn Hondurena Invest Agr, La Lima, Cortes, Honduras. RP Epsky, ND (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM nancy.epsky@ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1886 EP 1895 DI 10.1603/EC09286 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 662FO UT WOS:000282793000047 PM 21061993 ER PT J AU Kaufman, PE Nunez, SC Geden, CJ Scharf, ME AF Kaufman, Phillip E. Nunez, Sonia C. Geden, Christopher J. Scharf, Michael E. TI Selection for Resistance to Imidacloprid in the House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Musca domestica; insecticide bait; integrated pest management; dairy pest management; insecticide resistance ID MUSCA-DOMESTICA DIPTERA; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CROSS-RESISTANCE; FLIES; SPINOSAD; STRAINS; BAITS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATIONS AB The house fly, Musca domestic:a L. (Diptera: Muscidae), continues to be a primary pest of livestock facilities worldwide. This pest also has shown a propensity for pesticide resistance development when under high selection pressures. In this study the house fly strain FDm was created by a 20% contribution from each of five colonies collected from dairies in Florida with known imidacloprid resistance. The Fan strain was used to evaluate the level of imidacloprid resistance after five selections near the LC(70) value of each selected generation. Overall, the mean selection mortality was 72.7, with males being considerably more susceptible than females. The unselected (F(0)) FDm strain showed considerable susceptibility to imidacloprid after its creation, compared with the five parental strains. Between 9,500 and 14,000 virgin house flies were used in each selection. After the fifth and final selection, a 331-fold increase in imidacloprid resistance at the LC(70) was observed over the parental FDm strain. In parallel studies, the FDm strain showed increasing tolerance of the commercial imidacloprid product QuickBayt. These results suggest that livestock producers should use caution when choosing pesticides and consider rotating fly baits, as is encouraged with other pesticide treatment regimes on farms. C1 [Kaufman, Phillip E.; Nunez, Sonia C.; Scharf, Michael E.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Geden, Christopher J.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Kaufman, PE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, POB 110620,Bldg 970,Nat Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM pkaufman@ufl.edu OI Kaufman, Phillip/0000-0001-6159-8358 FU Southeast Milk, Inc; Milk Check-Off; University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Federal Formula Funds (Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture) [FLA-ENY-04598] FX We thank J. Pitzer, L. Wood, M. Geden, and C. Carter for assistance and the Florida dairy farmers who cooperated in this study. This research was supported by the Southeast Milk, Inc. Milk Check-Off grants program and in part by the University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Federal Formula Funds, project FLA-ENY-04598 (Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture). NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1937 EP 1942 DI 10.1603/EC10165 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 662FO UT WOS:000282793000053 PM 21061999 ER PT J AU Spurgeon, DW Brent, CS AF Spurgeon, D. W. Brent, C. S. TI Morphological Characters of Diapause in Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE western tarnished plant bug; Lygus hesperus; diapause; fat body ID PLANT BUG HETEROPTERA; REPRODUCTIVE DIAPAUSE; PHOTOPERIOD AB Development of management tactics that reduce reliance on conventional pesticides for control of the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight, will require improved understanding of Lygus ecology. One poorly characterized aspect of Lygus ecology is the induction of adult diapause. Although photoperiod is a key regulator of diapause, previous research has reported inconsistent results, likely because of the different criteria used to distinguish diapause. To establish standardized criteria, we reared L. hesperus under photoperiods of 10- and 14-h and a constant temperature of 26.6 degrees C. Adults were dissected at ages of 3, 7, 10, 14, and 17 days to evaluate associations among characteristics of the fat body and reproductive organs. Whereas most characters examined were at least weakly associated with others, we concluded that seminal vesicle condition, presence of a fatty sheath on the testis, and fat body color were not reliable indicators of L. hesperus physiological status. The most appropriate criteria for distinguishing diapause appeared to be hypertrophied fat bodies combined with undeveloped medial accessory glands (for males) or undeveloped ovaries (for females) in adults that were at least 10 days old. We also evaluated less stringent criteria, permitting some development of accessory glands or ovaries to accommodate the delayed reproductive development observed in some specimens reared under the 10-h photoperiod. The descriptions and illustrations of the morphological characters, combined with our suggested sets of criteria, should permit a more standardized assessment of L. hesperus physiological status, and thereby facilitate meaningful comparisons of research by different investigators. C1 [Spurgeon, D. W.; Brent, C. S.] USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. RP Spurgeon, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM Dale.Spurgeon@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 45 IS 4 BP 303 EP 316 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 671BR UT WOS:000283475200001 ER PT J AU DeFauw, SL Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA Boykin, DL AF DeFauw, S. L. Rojas, M. G. Morales-Ramos, J. A. Boykin, D. L. TI Extracted Venom and Cuticular Compounds of Imported Fire Ants, Solenopsis spp., and Chemotaxonomic Applications Across a Persistent Hybrid Zone SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta Buren; Solenopsis richteri Forel; Solenopsis invicta x S. richteri; hydrocarbons; venom alkaloids ID COMPUTERIZED PATTERN-RECOGNITION; NESTMATE RECOGNITION; HYDROCARBON PATTERNS; SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; FORMICIDAE; INVICTA; HYMENOPTERA; RICHTERI; POPULATIONS; COLONIES AB Characterization of cuticular hydrocarbons permits basic distinctions among colonies of Solenopsis invicta Buren, Solenopsis richteri Forel and their hybrids (Hymenoptera: Formicidae); thus, providing opportunities to investigate details of landscape ecology for this species complex and to assess levels of invasiveness. We introduce an alternative method for the cluster analysis of cuticular molecules of imported fire ants that is complementary to a widely-used method based on calculating cuticular hydrocarbon and venom alkaloid indices. Results from this GC-MS method were analyzed using various hierarchical and normal mixtures clustering methods to test the stability of group membership. Principal component and discriminant analyses were used to produce three-dimensional views of group separation. The relative proportions of 12 intensity peaks served to differentiate imported fire ant hybrids into four assemblages hybrids closely allied with S. invicta, hybrids close to S. rich ten, a 'core' hybrid grouping, and an 'outlier' hybrid group. The most influential peaks of the assemblage (based on F-values) included 3 peaks with the piperidine structural motif and an alkane. Use of 3 peaks identified by stepwise linear discriminant analysis resulted in misclassification of 5% of the ant colonies, whereas use of 4 peaks resulted in the misclassification of 2.5%. Thus, this GC-MS method and multivariate assessment of biochemical data may facilitate the finer-scale distinction of hybrid colonies in terms of their surficial semiochemical complexity and 'alliance' with parental species. Application of these techniques would be especially useful in refining biological control strategies. C1 [DeFauw, S. L.; Rojas, M. G.; Morales-Ramos, J. A.; Boykin, D. L.] USDA ARS MSA NBCL, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP DeFauw, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Sherri.DeFauw@ars.usda.gov; guadalupe.rojas@ars.usda.gov OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 45 IS 4 BP 335 EP 352 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 671BR UT WOS:000283475200004 ER PT J AU Murrieta, CM Bennett, KE Stuart, MA West, M Miller, MM AF Murrieta, Charles M. Bennett, Kristine E. Stuart, Melissa A. West, Mark Miller, Myrna M. TI A Comparison of Hamster Anesthetics and Their Effect on Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Blood Feeding SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hamster; anesthesia; Aedes; Anopheles; Culex C1 [Murrieta, Charles M.; Bennett, Kristine E.; Stuart, Melissa A.; West, Mark; Miller, Myrna M.] USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Miller, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM millermm@uwyo.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [5430-32000-001-00D, 5430-32000-003-00D]; Department of Homeland Security [HSHQDC-07-X-00982] FX This work was supported in part by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Cooperative Research Information Systems (CRIS) Projects 5430-32000-001-00D and 5430-32000-003-00D, and a Department of Homeland Security Interagency Agreement HSHQDC-07-X-00982. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation by the USDA for its use. The use of trade names in this document does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial hardware or software. Do not cite this document for advertisement. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 45 IS 4 BP 388 EP 391 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 671BR UT WOS:000283475200009 ER PT J AU Tobin, PC Van Stappen, J Blackburn, LM AF Tobin, Patrick C. Van Stappen, Julie Blackburn, Laura M. TI Human visitation rates to the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore and the introduction of the non-native species Lymantria dispar (L.) SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biological invasions; Gypsy moth; Invasive species management; Propagule pressure; Risk assessment ID GYPSY-MOTH; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; GRAVITY MODELS; NORTH-AMERICA; DISPERSAL; LEPIDOPTERA; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION AB The introduction of non-native species has accelerated due to increasing levels of global trade and travel, threatening the composition and function of ecosystems. Upon arrival and successful establishment, biological invaders begin to spread and often do so with considerable assistance from humans. Recreational areas can be especially prone to the problem of accidental non-native species transport given the number of visitors that arrive from geographically diverse areas. In this paper, we examine camping permit data to the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore in northwestern Wisconsin, USA, from 1999 to 2007 relative to gypsy moth distribution, phenology and outbreak data. During this time, gypsy moth populations became established in this area ahead of the moving population front of the gypsy moth, suggesting anthropogenic introduction. The permit data revealed that the majority of visitors arrived from outside of the gypsy moth established area. However, there was a consistent yearly trend of visitors that arrived from areas of high gypsy moth populations and who arrived during the gypsy moth life stage (egg masses) most likely to be successfully introduced. Using available data on the gypsy moth and its relationship to camping permit data, we describe how recreational managers could optimize park strategies to mitigate unwanted introductions of the gypsy moth as well as develop analogous strategies for managing other biological invaders in recreational areas. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tobin, Patrick C.; Blackburn, Laura M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Van Stappen, Julie] Natl Pk Serv, US Dept Interior, Bayfield, WI 54814 USA. RP Tobin, PC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ptobin@fs.fed.us NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1991 EP 1996 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.05.005 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 634GQ UT WOS:000280568900008 PM 20570035 ER PT J AU Kini, SG Bhat, A Pan, ZQ Dayan, FE AF Kini, Suvarna G. Bhat, Anilchandra Pan, Zhiqiang Dayan, Franck E. TI Synthesis and antitubercular activity of heterocycle substituted diphenyl ether derivatives SO JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION AND MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Tuberculosis; enoyl-ACP reductase; antitubercular activity ID CARRIER PROTEIN REDUCTASE; ENOYL-ACP REDUCTASE; FATTY-ACID SYNTHESIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; TOPICAL APPLICATION; TRICLOSAN; INHIBITION; BIOSYNTHESIS; SPECTRUM AB Despite being an ancient disease, tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading single-agent infectious disease killer in the world. The emerging serious problem of TB control and clinical management prompted us to synthesize a novel series of heterocyclic substituted diphenyl ether derivatives and determine their activity against the H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium. All ten compounds inhibited the growth of the H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium at concentrations of 1 mu g/mL. This activity was found to be comparable to the reference drugs rifampicin and isoniazid at the same concentration. While the antimicrobial activity of other diphenyl ether analogues, such as triclosan, is associated with the inhibition of enoyl-ACP reductase (ENR), the synthesised substituted diphenyl ether derivatives did not affect this enzyme activity in spite of their structural similarity with triclosan. Therefore, these compounds appear to have a novel mechanism of action against M. tuberculosis, and their structural features should be studied further for their potential as new antitubercular drugs. C1 [Kini, Suvarna G.] Manipal Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Manipal, Karnataka, India. [Bhat, Anilchandra] KLEs Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Belgaum, Karnataka, India. [Pan, Zhiqiang; Dayan, Franck E.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. RP Kini, SG (reprint author), Manipal Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Manipal, Karnataka, India. EM suvarna.gk@manipal.edu RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009; OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499; Kini, Suvarna/0000-0001-5495-0819 NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1475-6366 J9 J ENZYM INHIB MED CH JI J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 730 EP 736 DI 10.3109/14756361003671045 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 654BO UT WOS:000282143300017 PM 20443682 ER PT J AU Kumar, P Sandeep, KP Alavi, S Truong, VD Gorga, RE AF Kumar, P. Sandeep, K. P. Alavi, S. Truong, V. D. Gorga, R. E. TI Preparation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films based on soy protein isolate and montmorillonite using melt extrusion SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Bio-nanocomposite films; Soy protein isolate; Montmorillonite; Extrusion; Structural characterization; Mechanical properties; Water vapor permeability ID WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITE FILMS; BARRIER; PH AB The non-biodegradable and non-renewable nature of plastic packaging has led to a renewed interest in packaging materials based on bio-nanocomposites (biopolymer matrix reinforced with nanoparticles such as layered silicates). Bio-nanocomposite films based on soy protein isolate (SPI) and montmorillonite (MMT) were prepared using melt extrusion. Effects of the pH of film forming solution, MMT content, and extrusion processing parameters (screw speed and barrel temperature distribution) on the structure and properties of SPI-MMT bio-nanocomposite films were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for structural characterization of the films. Properties of the films were determined by tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and water vapor barrier measurement. The arrangement of MMT in the soy protein matrix ranged from exfoliated at lower MMT content (5%) to intercalated at higher MMT content (15%). There was a significant improvement in mechanical (tensile strength and percent elongation at break) and dynamic mechanical properties (glass transition temperature and storage modulus), thermal stability, and water vapor permeability of the films with the addition of MMT. The results presented in this study show the feasibility of using bio-nanocomposite technology to improve the properties of biopolymer films based on SPI. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kumar, P.; Sandeep, K. P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Alavi, S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Truong, V. D.] ARS, USDA, S Atlantic Area, Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC USA. [Gorga, R. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Text Engn Chem & Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sandeep, KP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, 129 Schaub Hall,Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM kp_sandeep@ncsu.edu FU USDA-NRICGP [2008-01503] FX Support for the research study undertaken here, resulting in the publication of paper No FSR-09-37 of the Journal Series of the Dept. of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695-7624 from USDA-NRICGP Grant No 2008-01503, titled: Development of cross-linked bio-nanocomposite packaging films with enhanced barrier and mechanical properties, is gratefully acknowledged. We would also like to thank Birgit Anderson, Gail Liston, Roberto Garcia, Chuck Mooney, Jonathan Pierce, and Sharon Ramsey for their assistance in conducting the experiments. NR 44 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 6 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 100 IS 3 BP 480 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.04.035 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 628KV UT WOS:000280119500013 ER PT J AU Macarisin, D Santin, M Bauchan, G Fayer, R AF Macarisin, Dumitru Santin, Monica Bauchan, Gary Fayer, Ronald TI Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts after Storage of Experimentally Contaminated Apples SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID WATER SUPPLIES; IRRIGATION; CIDER; GIARDIA; GLYCOCALYX; PARASITES AB Irrigation water and washing water have been inferred to be associated with contamination of fresh fruits and vegetables with pathogenic microorganisms infectious for humans. The objective of the present study was to determine whether apples experimentally contaminated with Cryptosporidium oocysts represent a food safety concern. Laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed no morphological changes in Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts attached to apples after 6 weeks of cold storage, suggesting that oocysts might remain viable and possibly infectious during prolonged storage. Mice were fed apple peels from experimentally contaminated apples to determine whether oocysts had remained infectious on apples stored for 4 weeks. All mice developed cryptosporidiosis. To evaluate the strength of oocyst attachment to apples. washing methods that have been reported to be helpful for recovery of oocysts from various foodstuffs were evaluated, except that the intensity of washing was increased in the present study. None of the tested washing methods succeeded in completely removing oocysts from the apple peel. The most efficient removal (37.5%) was achieved by rigorous manual washing in water with a detergent and by agitation in an orbital shaker with Tris-sodium dodecyl sulfate buffer. Glycine and phosphate-buffered saline buffers had no effect on oocyst removal. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that some oocysts were attached in deep natural crevices in the apple exocarp and others were attached to the smooth surface of the peel. Some oocysts were closely associated with what appeared to be an amorphous substance with which they might have been attached to the apple surface. C1 [Macarisin, Dumitru; Santin, Monica; Fayer, Ronald] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bauchan, Gary] ARS, USDA, Electron & Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 173,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ronald.fayer@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 73 IS 10 BP 1824 EP 1829 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 663CF UT WOS:000282859900007 PM 21067670 ER PT J AU Patel, MK Chen, S Pringle, J Russo, E Vinaras, J Weiss, J Anderson, S Sunenshine, R Komatsu, K Schumacher, M Flood, D Theobald, L Bopp, C Wannemuehler, K White, P Angulo, FJ Behravesh, CB AF Patel, Minal K. Chen, Sanny Pringle, Jeshua Russo, Elizabeth Vinaras, Jaime Weiss, Joli Anderson, Shoana Sunenshine, Rebecca Komatsu, Kenneth Schumacher, Mare Flood, Daniel Theobald, Lisa Bopp, Cheryl Wannemuehler, Kathleen White, Patsy Angulo, Frederick J. Behravesh, Casey Barton TI A Prolonged Outbreak of Salmonella Montevideo Infections Associated with Multiple Locations of a Restaurant Chain in Phoenix, Arizona, 2008 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; FOODBORNE DISEASE; ILLNESS; COUNTY; INSPECTIONS; MINNESOTA; PULSENET; PRODUCTS; POULTRY AB An outbreak of Salmonella serotype Montevideo infections associated with multiple locations of restaurant chain A in Phoenix, AZ, was identified in July 2008. One infected individual reported eating at a chain A catered luncheon where others fell ill; we conducted a cohort study among attendees to identify the vehicle. Food and environmental samples collected at six chain A locations were cultured for Salmonella. Restaurant inspection results were compared among 18 chain A locations. Routine surveillance identified 58 Arizona residents infected with the outbreak strain. Three chain A locations, one of which catered the luncheon, were named by two or more case patients as a meal source in the week prior to illness onset. In the cohort study of luncheon attendees, 30 reported illness, 10 of which were later culture confirmed. Illness was reported by 30 (61%) of 49 attendees who ate chicken and by 0 of 7 who did not. The outbreak strain was isolated from two of these three locations from uncooked chicken in marinade, chopped cilantro, and a cutting board dedicated to cutting cooked chicken. Raw chicken, contaminated before arrival at the restaurant, was the apparent source of this outbreak. The three locations where two or more case patients ate had critical violations upon routine inspection, while 15 other locations received none. Poor hygiene likely led to cross-contamination of food and work areas. This outbreak supports the potential use of inspections in identifying restaurants at high risk of outbreaks and the need to reduce contamination of raw products at the source and prevent cross-contamination at the point of service. C1 [Patel, Minal K.; Chen, Sanny; Russo, Elizabeth] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Patel, Minal K.; Angulo, Frederick J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Pringle, Jeshua; Russo, Elizabeth; Behravesh, Casey Barton] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Outbreak Response & Prevent Branch Proposed, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sunenshine, Rebecca] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergen, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Theobald, Lisa; Bopp, Cheryl] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wannemuehler, Kathleen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis Proposed, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chen, Sanny; Weiss, Joli; Anderson, Shoana; Sunenshine, Rebecca; Komatsu, Kenneth; Flood, Daniel] Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. [Vinaras, Jaime] Maricopa Cty Environm Serv Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. [Schumacher, Mare] Maricopa Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Phoenix, AZ 85012 USA. [White, Patsy] Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. RP Patel, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hgo9@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 73 IS 10 BP 1858 EP 1863 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 663CF UT WOS:000282859900011 PM 21067674 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Guraya, R Guard, J Holt, PS AF Gast, Richard K. Guraya, Rupa Guard, Jean Holt, Peter S. TI Multiplication of Salmonella Enteritidis in Egg Yolks after Inoculation outside, on, and inside Vitelline Membranes and Storage at Different Temperatures SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED HENS; IN-VITRO PENETRATION; UNITED-STATES; CONTAMINATION MODEL; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PHAGE TYPE-4; LAYING HENS; SHELL EGGS; GROWTH AB Prompt refrigeration to restrict bacterial growth is important for reducing eggborne transmission of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE). The nutrient-rich yolk interior is a relatively infrequent location for initial SE deposition in eggs, but migration across the vitelline membrane can result in rapid bacterial multiplication during storage at warm temperatures. The objective of the present study was to measure the multiplication of SE in yolks after introduction at three different locations and subsequent storage at a range of temperatures. Using an in vitro egg contamination model, approximately 100 CFU of SE was inoculated either inside yolks, onto the exterior surface of vitelline membranes, or into the adjacent albumen. After storage of samples from each inoculation group at 10, 15, 20, and 25 degrees C for 24 h, SE was enumerated in yolks. For all three inoculation locations, the final SE levels in yolks increased significantly with increasing storage temperatures. At all storage temperatures, significant differences in SE multiplication were observed between inoculation sites (yolk inoculation > vitelline membrane inoculation > albumen inoculation). At 25 degrees C, final log concentrations of 7.759 CFU of SE per ml (yolk inoculation), 2.014 CFU/ml (vitelline membrane inoculation), and 0.757 CFU/ml (albumen inoculation) were attained in yolks after storage. These results demonstrate that, even when the initial site of SE deposition is outside the egg yolk, substantial multiplication supported by yolk nutrients can occur during the first day of storage and the risk of bacterial growth increases at higher ambient storage temperatures. C1 [Gast, Richard K.; Guraya, Rupa; Guard, Jean; Holt, Peter S.] ARS, USDA, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Richard.Gast@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 73 IS 10 BP 1902 EP 1906 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 663CF UT WOS:000282859900016 PM 21067679 ER PT J AU Azhuvalappil, Z Fan, XT Geveke, DJ Zhang, HQ AF Azhuvalappil, Zareena Fan, Xuetong Geveke, David J. Zhang, Howard Q. TI THERMAL AND NONTHERMAL PROCESSING OF APPLE CIDER: STORAGE QUALITY UNDER EQUIVALENT PROCESS CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PULSED ELECTRIC-FIELDS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ORANGE JUICE; UV INACTIVATION; HEAT PASTEURIZATION; AROMA VOLATILES; FLAVOR; MICROORGANISMS; BACTERIA; YEASTS AB Three processing techniques: heat, pulsed electric field (PEF) and ultraviolet (UV) light were optimized to achieve a similar 6 log reduction of inoculated Escherichia coli K12 in apple cider. Microbial populations (total aerobic and yeast and mold), sensory, color and physical properties (pH and degrees Brix) of processed apple cider were investigated during 4-week storage at 4C. PEF and thermally processed cider maintained good microbial quality during 4 weeks of storage while UV-treated cider showed a significant (P < 0.05) growth in yeast and mold after 2 weeks of storage. As a result, degrees Brix value decreased significantly (P < 0.05) for UV cider after 4 weeks of storage. Apple cider pH was neither affected by any treatment nor by storage. Thermal and UV-pasteurized ciders faded significantly (P < 0.05) during storage (International Commission on Illumination L* [lightness] and b* [yellow] values increased) compared to PEF cider. Triangle sensory analysis indicated a significant difference (P < 0.05) in aroma between treatments. PEF-treated cider was preferred over thermal and UV cider by sensory panelists at the end of the storage period. The results suggested that PEF-treated apple cider had a longer shelf life than UV-treated cider and a better aroma and color than thermally processed sample. C1 [Azhuvalappil, Zareena] Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Fan, Xuetong; Geveke, David J.; Zhang, Howard Q.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xuetong.fan@ars.usda.gov RI Diaz, Belen/B-8946-2012 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 33 IS 5 BP 612 EP 631 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2010.00342.x PG 20 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 660ZM UT WOS:000282690300005 ER PT J AU Guan, WQ Huang, LH Fan, XT AF Guan, Wenqiang Huang, Lihan Fan, Xuetong TI Acids in Combination with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Caused Quality Deterioration of Fresh-Cut Iceberg Lettuce during Storage in Modified Atmosphere Package SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chlorine; citric acid; E. coli O157:H7; fresh-cut lettuce; levulinic acid; sodium acid sulfate ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157H7; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ORGANIC-ACID; LACTIC-ACID; VEGETABLES; CHLORINE; WATER; INACTIVATION; SALMONELLA; RADIATION AB Recent studies showed that sodium acid sulfate (SAS) and levulinic acid (LA) in combination with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was effective in inactivating human pathogens on Romaine lettuce. The present study investigated the effects of LA and SAS in combination with SDS (as compared with citric acid and chlorine) on the inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 and sensory quality of fresh-cut Iceberg lettuce in modified atmosphere packages during storage at 4 degrees C. Results showed that LA (0.5% to 3%) and SAS (0.25% to 0.75%) with 0.05% SDS caused detrimental effects on visual quality and texture of lettuce. LA- and SAS-treated samples were sensorially unacceptable due to development of sogginess and softening after 7 and 14 d storage. It appears that the combined treatments caused an increase in the respiration rate of fresh-cut lettuce as indicated by higher CO2 and lower O-2 in modified atmosphere packages. On the positive side, the acid treatments inhibited cut edge browning of lettuce pieces developed during storage. LA (0.5%), SAS (0.25%), and citric acid (approximately 0.25%) in combination with SDS reduced population of E. coli OH157:H7 by 0.41, 0.87, and 0.58 log CFU/g, respectively, while chlorine achieved a reduction of 0.94 log CFU/g without damage to the lettuce. Therefore, compared to chlorine, LA and SAS in combination with SDS have limited commercial value for fresh-cut Iceberg lettuce due to quality deterioration during storage. C1 [Huang, Lihan; Fan, Xuetong] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Guan, Wenqiang] Natl Engn & Technol Res Ctr Preservat Agr Prod, Tianjin Key Lab Postharvest Physiol & Storage Agr, Tianjin 300384, Peoples R China. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xuetong.fan@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 75 IS 8 BP S435 EP S440 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01786.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 663IW UT WOS:000282878200016 PM 21535517 ER PT J AU White, EM Alig, RJ Stein, SM AF White, Eric M. Alig, Ralph J. Stein, Susan M. TI Socioeconomic Changes and Forestland Development: Commonalities and Distinctions between the Eastern and Western United States SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE rural development; US regions; population growth; forestland loss ID POPULATION-GROWTH; PROPERTY-VALUES; US; URBANIZATION; LANDSCAPE; MANAGEMENT; IMPACT; FRAGMENTATION; WASHINGTON; MIGRATION AB Impacts of rural land development on natural resources in the United States have been well documented and research on rural land development provides important inputs to land conservation policy and program development. Although numerous land-use studies have been completed for the western and eastern states, still lacking is a single study examining changes in population, housing, and land development in the two regions. To provide context for natural resource and land conservation programs and policies, we quantify recent and long-term changes in population and housing, rural development rates, and land-use transitions involving forests for the eastern and western regions. Relative to the West, the East has a more evenly distributed population and has experienced greater population increases, rates of land development, and forestland conversion. We discuss these patterns of population growth and land development in the context of natural resource policies and forestland goods and services. C1 [White, Eric M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Alig, Ralph J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Stein, Susan M.] US Forest Serv, Cooperat Forestry Staff, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP White, EM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, 204 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM eric.white@oregonstate.edu; ralig@fs.fed.us; sstein@fs.fed.us NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT-NOV PY 2010 VL 108 IS 7 BP 329 EP 337 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 666JW UT WOS:000283112000003 ER PT J AU Khanal, RC Howard, LR Wilkes, SE Rogers, TJ Prior, RL AF Khanal, Ramesh C. Howard, Luke R. Wilkes, Samuel E. Rogers, Theodore J. Prior, Ronald L. TI Cranberry pomace partially ameliorates metabolic factors associated with high fructose feeding in growing Sprague-Dawley rats SO JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS LA English DT Review DE Cranberry pomace; Insulin resistance; Metabolic syndrome; Polyphenols; Rats; Triacylglycerolemia ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; NONFASTING TRIGLYCERIDES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; POSTPRANDIAL LIPEMIA; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; DIETARY FRUCTOSE; WOMEN; RISK; MORTALITY; STATE AB The effect of feeding cranberry pomace (CBP) on selected metabolic parameters associated with high fructose feeding (58% by weight) was investigated in growing Sprague-Dawley rats Compared to a positive control (modified AIN93 diet) high fructose feeding increased fasting plasma insulin cholesterol and triacylglycerols (TAG) post prandial plasma TAG as well as homeostatic assessment models of insulin resistance and beta cell function, but not weight gain diet intake and efficiency abdominal fat oral glucose tolerance and fasting and post prandial plasma glucose and cholesterol levels Inclusion of CBP was effective in minimizing or ameliorating some of the metabolic anomalies such as increased fasting plasma insulin cholesterol and TAG level as well as decreasing insulin resistance especially when extruded CBP was fed at 3% of the diet Feeding HF diets was only partially effective in augmenting some of the metabolic factors associated with high fructose feeding including triacylglycerolemia and insulin resistance but not weight gain or abdominal obesity Overall CBP was effective in minimizing or ameliorating the metabolic anomalies observed in the current study more so with 3% extruded CBP (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Khanal, Ramesh C.; Howard, Luke R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Prior, Ronald L.] ARS, USDA, Arkansas Children s Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Howard, LR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. FU Arkansas Biosciences Institute FX We thank Decas Botanicals Inc, Carver, MA for providing cranberry pomace and B L White for help with extrusion This work was funded by an Arkansas Biosciences Institute grant NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1756-4646 J9 J FUNCT FOODS JI J. Funct. Food. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 2 IS 4 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.jff.2010.11.003 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 693OW UT WOS:000285234400008 ER PT J AU Dossett, M Lee, J Finn, CE AF Dossett, Michael Lee, Jungmin Finn, Chad E. TI Variation in anthocyanins and total phenolics of black raspberry populations SO JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS LA English DT Article DE Rubus occidentalis; Rubus leucodermis; Blackcap; Bramble; Caneberry; Quality ID ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FRUIT; VACCINIUM; RUBUS; CYANIDIN; TUMORIGENESIS; AMERICA; MARKERS; PIGMENT AB Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L) has long been recognized as a rich source of anthocyanins Despite renewed interest in this crop for its potential health benefits, the range of variation in anthocyanin content and other phenolic compounds has not been well examined Here we present anthocyanin concentration and profiles as well as total phenolics in the fruit of 26 black raspberry seedling populations (190 samples over two growing seasons) derived from cultivated and wild parents There was more than a twofold difference in total anthocyanin concentration between the lowest and highest pigmented populations (ranging from 244 8 to 541 3 mg 100 mL(-1)) The relative amounts of the two major anthocyanins (cyanidin 3 rutinoside and cyanidin 3 xylosylrutinoside) in black raspberry fruit were significantly different The range of total phenolics found was much lower (206 7-330 4 mg 100 mL(-1)) This information will provide a valuable baseline for researchers Interested in studying the health effects of these compounds product developers in the nutraceutical market and breeders interested in developing new cultivars with improved fruit chemistry traits Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Lee, Jungmin] ARS, USDA, PWA Hort Crops Res Unit Worksite, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Dossett, Michael] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Finn, Chad E.] ARS, USDA, PWA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PWA Hort Crops Res Unit Worksite, 29603 U 1 Ln, Parma, ID 83660 USA. RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 FU Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research CRIS [5358 21000 041 00D, 5358 21000 037 00D] FX We thank Mary Peterson, Ted Mackey, Chris Rennaker of USDA ARS, and Brian Yorgey (OSU) for their assistance throughout the course of this project This work was funded by a grant from the Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research CRIS Number 5358 21000 041 00D and CRIS Number 5358 21000 037 00D NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1756-4646 J9 J FUNCT FOOD JI J. Funct. Food. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 2 IS 4 BP 292 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.jff.2010.10.004 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 693OW UT WOS:000285234400009 ER PT J AU Appell, M Jackson, MA AF Appell, Michael Jackson, Michael A. TI Synthesis and evaluation of cyclodextrin-based polymers for patulin extraction from aqueous solutions SO JOURNAL OF INCLUSION PHENOMENA AND MACROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cyclodextrin; Patulin; Mycotoxin; PM3; Nanoporous; Nanotechnology ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; APPLE JUICE; WASTE-WATER; REMOVAL; COMPLEXATION; MYCOTOXINS; POLYURETHANES; FREUNDLICH; SORPTION AB Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by fungi that contaminate fruits, juices, and other agricultural commodities. Sorption properties of polyurethane-beta-cyclodextrin polymers were evaluated for the ability to remove patulin from solutions, including apple juice. Freundlich isotherm analysis determined the polymers possess a degree of heterogeneity. Evaluation of the polymers by solid phase extraction analysis indicated patulin sorption is enhanced in aqueous environments. Polymers crosslinked with tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate were suitable for extraction of patulin from apple juice. Quantum chemical studies of the interactions of patulin and beta-cylcodextrin using the PM3 semi-empirical method infer patulin is capable of binding to the polymer in multiple modes. Certain of these bound complexes possess intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions between the primary hydroxyls of beta-cyclodextrin and patulin. These nanoporous cyclodextrin polymers exhibit favorable properties to assist the detection of patulin in aqueous solutions. C1 [Appell, Michael; Jackson, Michael A.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Appell, M (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. EM michael.appell@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-0750 J9 J INCL PHENOM MACRO JI J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 68 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s10847-010-9744-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 648OC UT WOS:000281702800011 ER PT J AU Harvey, WR Okech, BA Linser, PJ Becnel, JJ Ahearn, GA Sterling, KM AF Harvey, William R. Okech, Bernard A. Linser, Paul J. Becnel, James J. Ahearn, Gregory A. Sterling, Kenneth M. TI H+ V-ATPase-Energized Transporters in Brush Border Membrane Vesicles from Whole Larvae of Aedes aegypti SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE BBMV; H+ V-ATPase; NHA1; NAT8; VAN ID ANIMAL PLASMA-MEMBRANE; MANDUCA-SEXTA MIDGUT; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; SMALL-INTESTINE; VACUOLAR MEMBRANES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOSQUITO LARVAE; K+/H+ ANTIPORT AB Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) from Whole larvae of Aedes aegypti (AeBBMVWs) contain an H+ V-ATPase (V), a Na+/H+ antiporter, NHA1 (A) and a Na+-coupled, nutrient amino acid transporter, NAT8 (N), VAN for short All V-ATPase subunits are present in the Ae aegypti genome and in the vesicles. AgNAT8 was cloned from Anopheles gambiae, localized in BBMs and characterized in Xenopus lams oocytes. AgNHA1 was cloned and localized in BBMs but characterization in oocytes was compromised by an endogenous cation conductance. AeBBMVWs complement Xenopus oocytes for characterizing membrane proteins, can be energized by voltage from the V-ATPase and are in their natural lipid environment. BBMVs from caterpillars were used in radio-labeled solute uptake experiments but similar to 10,000 mosquito larvae are needed to equal 10 caterpillars. By contrast, functional AeBBMVWs can be prepared from 10,000 whole larvae in 4 h Na+-coupled (311)phenylalanine uptake mediated by AeNAT8 in AeBBMVs can be compared to the Phe-induced inward Na+ currents mediated by AgNAT8 in oocytes Western blots and light micrographs of samples taken during AeBBMVW isolation are labeled with antibodies against all of the VAN components The use of AeBBMVWs to study coupling between electrogenic V-ATPases and the electrophoretic transporters is discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Harvey, William R.; Okech, Bernard A.; Linser, Paul J.; Sterling, Kenneth M.] Univ Florida, Whitney Lab Marine Biosci, St Augustine, FL 32080 USA. [Harvey, William R.] Univ Florida, Dept Physiol & Funct Genom, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Harvey, William R.; Okech, Bernard A.] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Okech, Bernard A.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm & Global Hlth, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Becnel, James J.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Ahearn, Gregory A.] Univ N Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. RP Harvey, WR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Whitney Lab Marine Biosci, 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd, St Augustine, FL 32080 USA. FU NIH [Al-52436, Al-30464, Al-45098]; Emerging Pathogens Institute; Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida FX This publication was supported in part by NIH Research Grants Al-52436, Al-30464 and Al-45098 and by funds from The Emerging Pathogens Institute and The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida. We thank Dr. Michael J Adang from the University of Georgia for the antibody to APN2, Dr. David A. Price for the epitope alignments and Ms M Lynn Milstead for the artwork and assistance with the figures. NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 56 IS 10 SI SI BP 1377 EP 1389 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.04.017 PG 13 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 645XR UT WOS:000281500000003 PM 20435040 ER PT J AU Jones, G Jones, D Li, XB Tang, LF Ye, L Teal, P Riddiford, L Sandifer, C Borovsky, D Martin, JR AF Jones, Grace Jones, Davy Li, Xiaobo Tang, Lingfeng Ye, Li Teal, Peter Riddiford, Lynn Sandifer, Courtney Borovsky, Dov Martin, Jean-Rene TI Activities of natural methyl farnesoids on pupariation and metamorphosis of Drosophila melanogaster SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Methyl farnesoate; Ultraspiracle; RXR; HMGCoA reductase; Juvenile hormone; Methyl epoxyfarnesoate; Bisepoxy JH III; JH esterase ID JUVENILE-HORMONE ESTERASE; RETINOID-X-RECEPTOR; CORPUS-ALLATUM; BISEPOXIDE BIOSYNTHESIS; ECDYSONE RECEPTOR; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; III BISEPOXIDE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; AEDES-AEGYPTI; GENE-PRODUCT AB Methyl farnesoate (MF) and juvenile hormone (JH III), which bind with high affinity to the receptors USP and MET, respectively, and bisepoxy JH Ill (bisJH III) were assessed for several activities during Drosophila larval development, and during prepupal development to eclosed adults Dietary MF and JH Ill were similarly active, and more active than bisJH Ill, in lengthening larval development prior to pupariation. However, the order of activity was changed (JH III > bisJH III > MF) with respect to preventing prepupae from eclosing as normal adults, whether administered in the larval diet or as topically applied at the white puparium stage. If endogenous production of all three larval methyl farnesoids was suppressed by a strongly driven RNAi against HMGCR in the corpora allata cells, most larvae did not attain puparation. Farnesol (which has no demonstrated life-necessary function in larval life except in corpora allata cells as a precursor to methyl farnesoid biosynthesis) when incorporated into the diet rescued attainment of pupariation in a dose-dependent manner, presumably by rescuing endogenous production of all three hormones A more mild suppression of endogenous methyl farnesoid production enabled larval attainment of pupariation However, in this background dietary MF had Increased activity in preventing puparia from attaining normal adult eclosion. The physiological relevance of using exogenous methyl farnesoids to block prepupal development to normally eclosed adults was tested by, instead, protecting in prepupae the endogenous titer of methyl farnesoids. JH esterase normally Increases during the mid-late prepupal stage, presumably to clear endogenous methyl farnesoids. When JH esterase was inhibited with an RNAi, it prevented attainment of adult eclosion. Cultured adult corpora allata from male and female Aedes aegypti released both MF and JH III, and the A aegypti nuclear receptor USP bound MF with nanomolar affinity These A aegypti data support the use of Drosophila as a model for mosquitoes of the binding of secreted MF to USP. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. C1 [Jones, Grace; Li, Xiaobo; Tang, Lingfeng; Ye, Li; Sandifer, Courtney] Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jones, Davy] Univ Kentucky, Grad Ctr Toxicol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Teal, Peter] ARS, USDA, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Riddiford, Lynn] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Riddiford, Lynn] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA. [Borovsky, Dov] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Florida Med Entomol Lab, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. [Martin, Jean-Rene] CNRS, Lab Neurobiol Cellulaire & Mol NBCM, UOR 9040, Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Jones, G (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RI Tang, Lingfeng/C-5945-2009 FU NIH [GM075248]; NSF [IBN0344933]; Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumers Services [75900]; United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Jerusalem [97-00081, 2007-037] FX Support for the research described here was provided, in part, by NIH grant GM075248 (to CJ), by NSF IBN0344933 (to LMR): by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumers Services grant 75900 and grants 97-00081 and 2007-037 from the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Jerusalem (to DB). We express appreciation to Larry Harshman for providing our early access to the manuscript he submitted in connection with this symposium issue. Dr Alex Raikhel kindly provided the cDNA for A. aegypti ultraspiracle isoform A. We want to acknowledge the two reviewers selected by the journal that reviewed the manuscript. NR 65 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 56 IS 10 SI SI BP 1456 EP 1464 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.06.001 PG 9 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 645XR UT WOS:000281500000012 PM 20541556 ER PT J AU Adkins, S Karthikeyan, G Damayanthi, T Kodetham, G Riley, DJ Naidu, RA AF Adkins, Scott Karthikeyan, Gandhi Damayanthi, Tri Kodetham, Gopinath Riley, David J. Naidu, Rayapati A. TI IXth International Symposium on Thysanoptera and Tospoviruses 31(st) August-4(th) September 2009, Sea World Resort, Queensland, Australia Abstracts SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 [Adkins, Scott] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Karthikeyan, Gandhi] Tamil Nadu Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India. [Damayanthi, Tri] Bogor Agr Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Bogor, Indonesia. [Kodetham, Gopinath] Univ Hyderabad, Dept Plant Sci, Hyderabad 500134, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Riley, David J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA USA. [Naidu, Rayapati A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Prosser, WA USA. RP Adkins, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM Scott.Adkins@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 166 PG 57 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 659VV UT WOS:000282596000001 ER PT J AU Bautista, E Zerihun, D Clemmens, AJ Strelkoff, TS AF Bautista, E. Zerihun, D. Clemmens, A. J. Strelkoff, T. S. TI External Iterative Coupling Strategy for Surface-Subsurface Flow Calculations in Surface Irrigation SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Irrigation systems; Simulation models; Computational fluid dynamics technique; Unsteady flow; Porous media flow ID FURROW IRRIGATION; 2-DIMENSIONAL INFILTRATION; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; ADVANCE; MODEL AB Coupling the unsteady open-channel flow equations of surface irrigation with the equation of variably saturated porous media flow is a computationally complex problem because of the dependence of infiltration on surface-flow depths. Several models of this coupled process have been developed, all of which solve the surface and subsurface flow iteratively at each time step of the surface-flow solution. This study presents an alternative strategy, in which stand-alone surface and subsurface-flow models are used to conduct the calculations sequentially and iteratively at the time level of the irrigation event. At each iteration, the subsurface-flow results are computed using the surface-flow depths generated by the surface-flow model at the current iteration. Infiltration results computed at selected computational nodes are fitted to an empirical infiltration function, and then fed back to the surface-flow model. The proposed strategy, labeled external iterative coupling, was prototyped for border and basin irrigation systems using the WinSRFR and HYDRUS-ID models. The proposed procedure produced irrigation performance results comparable to those generated with an internally coupled model, even when using a single representative location to calibrate the empirical infiltration equation used by the surface-flow model. In comparison with models that iterate at each time step, the proposed coupling strategy reduces the computational effort and improves convergence. The approach provides a practical alternative for coupling existing and future surface and subsurface flow models. C1 [Bautista, E.; Clemmens, A. J.; Strelkoff, T. S.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Zerihun, D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bautista, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM Eduardo.Bautista@ars.usda.gov; Dawit@ag.arizona.edu; Bert.Clemmens@ars.usda.gov; Theodor.Strelkoff@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD OCT PY 2010 VL 136 IS 10 BP 692 EP 703 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000248 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 652AH UT WOS:000281971500003 ER PT J AU Shen, LR Lai, CQ Feng, XA Parnell, LD Wan, JB Wang, JD Li, D Ordovas, JM Kang, JX AF Shen, Li Rong Lai, Chao Qiang Feng, Xiang Parnell, Laurence D. Wan, Jian Bo Wang, Jing D. Li, Duo Ordovas, Jose M. Kang, Jing X. TI Drosophila lacks C20 and C22 PUFAs SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE D. melanogaster; fatty acid metabolism; desaturases; beta-oxidation; model organism ID LIFE-SPAN; METABOLISM; MELANOGASTER; DIET; NUTRIGENOMICS AB Drosophila melanogaster has been considered a model organism for investigating human diseases and genetic pathways. Whether Drosophila is an ideal model for nutrigenomics, especially for FA metabolism, however, remains to be illustrated. The aim of this study was to examine the metabolism of C20 and C22 PUFAs in Drosophila. Analysis of FA composition revealed a complete lack of C20 and C22 PUFAs in the body tissue of larvae, pupae, and adult flies fed either a base or supplemented diet abundant in the PUFA precursors linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid. PUFA with >C20 could only be found in flies supplemented with specific FAs. Interestingly, the supplemented C22 PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and docosatetraenoic acid (22:4n-6) were largely converted to the shorter chain C20 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), respectively. Furthermore, a genome sequence scan indicated that no gene encoding Delta-6/Delta-5 desaturases, the key enzymes for the synthesis of C20/C22 PUFA, was present in Drosophila. These findings demonstrate that Drosophila lacks the capability to synthesize the biologically important C20 and C22 PUFAs, and thereby argue that Drosophila is not a valid model for the study of lipid metabolism and related diseases.-Shen, L. R., C. Q. Lai, X. Feng, L. D. Parnell, J. B. Wan, J. D, Wang, D. Li, J. M. Ordovas, and J. X. Kang. Drosophila lacks C20 and C22 PUFAs. J. Lipid Res. 2010. 51: 2985-2992. C1 [Shen, Li Rong; Feng, Xiang; Wan, Jian Bo; Wang, Jing D.; Kang, Jing X.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Lab Lipid Med & Technol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Shen, Li Rong; Feng, Xiang; Wan, Jian Bo; Wang, Jing D.; Kang, Jing X.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Shen, Li Rong; Li, Duo] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Lai, Chao Qiang; Parnell, Laurence D.; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Feng, Xiang] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Kang, JX (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Lab Lipid Med & Technol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM jxkang@partners.org RI Wan, Jian-Bo/D-8368-2014; OI Wan, Jian-Bo/0000-0002-6750-2617; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Institutes of Health [CA-113605]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2007AA10Z324] FX This study was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant CA-113605 and grant 2007AA10Z324 from The Ministry of Science and Technology of China. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or other granting agencies. NR 15 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 51 IS 10 BP 2985 EP 2992 DI 10.1194/jlr.M008524 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 649GS UT WOS:000281756800012 PM 20656917 ER PT J AU Alusta, P Im, I Pearc, BA Beger, RD Kretzer, RM Buzatu, DA Wilkes, JG AF Alusta, Pierre Im, Inessa Pearc, Bruce A. Beger, Richard D. Kretzer, Ryan M. Buzatu, Dan A. Wilkes, Jon G. TI Improving Proton MR Spectroscopy of Brain Tissue for Noninvasive Diagnostics SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING LA English DT Article DE MRS; pattern recognition; chemical shift recalibration; variance weighting; biomarker ID H-1; CLASSIFICATION; BIOPSY; VIVO AB Purpose: To examine preprocessing methods affecting the potential use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) as a noninvasive modality for detection and characterization of brain lesions and for directing therapy progress. Materials and Methods: Two reference point re-calibration with linear interpolation (to compensate for magnetic field nonhomogeneity), weighting of spectra (to emphasize consistent peaks and depress chemical noise), and modeling based on chemical shift locations of 97 biomarkers were investigated. Results for 139 categorized scans were assessed by comparing Leave-One-Out (LOO) cross-validation and external validation. Results: For distinction of nine brain tissue categories, use of re-calibration, variance weighting, and biomarker modeling improved LOO classification of MRS spectra from 31% to 95%. External validation of the two best nine-category models on 47 unknown samples gave 96% or 100% accuracy, respectively, compared with pathological diagnosis. Conclusion: Preprocessing of MRS spectra can significantly improve their diagnostic utility for automated consultation of pattern recognition models. Use of several techniques in combination greatly increases available proton MRS information content. Accurate assignment of unknowns among nine tissue classes represents a significant improvement, for a much more demanding task, than has been previously reported. C1 [Alusta, Pierre; Pearc, Bruce A.; Beger, Richard D.; Buzatu, Dan A.; Wilkes, Jon G.] USDA, Div Syst Biol, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR USA. [Im, Inessa] Inessa Im Consulting, Little Rock, AR USA. [Kretzer, Ryan M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Wilkes, JG (reprint author), Ctr Innovat Technol, Div Syst Toxicol, 3900 NCTR Rd,HFT 233, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM jon.wilkes@fda.hhs.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1053-1807 J9 J MAGN RESON IMAGING JI J. Magn. Reson. Imaging PD OCT PY 2010 VL 32 IS 4 BP 818 EP 829 DI 10.1002/jmri.22332 PG 12 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 661WZ UT WOS:000282764800007 PM 20882612 ER PT J AU Luvizotto, RAM Nascimento, AF Veeramachaneni, S Liu, C Wang, XD AF Luvizotto, Renata A. M. Nascimento, Andre F. Veeramachaneni, Sudipta Liu, Chun Wang, Xiang-Dong TI Chronic Alcohol Intake Upregulates Hepatic Expression of Carotenoid Cleavage Enzymes and PPAR in Rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID BETA-CAROTENE; RETINOIC ACID; VITAMIN-A; GENE-EXPRESSION; CYTOCHROME P4502E1; IN-VIVO; ETHANOL; METABOLISM; IDENTIFICATION; CONSUMPTION AB Excessive and chronic alcohol intake leads to a lower hepatic vitamin A status by interfering with vitamin A metabolism. Dietary provitamin A carotenoids can be converted into vitamin A mainly by carotenoid 15,15'-monooxygenase 1 (CMO1) and, to a lesser degree, carotenoid 9'10'-monooxygenase 2 (CMO2). CMO1 has been shown to be regulated by several transcription factors, such as the PPAR, retinoid X receptor, and thyroid receptor (TR). The regulation of CMO2 has yet to be identified. The impact of chronic alcohol intake on hepatic expressions of CMO1 and CMO2 and their related transcription factors are unknown. In this study, Fischer 344 rats were pair-fed either a liquid ethanol Lieber-DeCarli diet (n = 10) or a control diet (n = 10) for 11 wk. Hepatic retinoid concentration and expressions of CMO1, CMO2, PPAR gamma, PPAR alpha, and TR beta as well as plasma thyroid hormones levels were analyzed. We observed that administering alcohol decreased hepatic retinoid levels but increased mRNA concentrations of CMO1, CMO2, PPAR gamma, PPAR alpha, and TR beta and upregulated protein levels of CMO2, PPAR gamma, and PPAR alpha. There was a positive correlation of PPAR gamma with CMO1 (r = 0.89; P < 0.0001) and both PPAR gamma and PPAR alpha with CMO2 (r = 0.72, P < 0.001 and r = 0.62, P < 0.01, respectively). Plasma thyroid hormone concentrations did not differ between the control rats and alcohol-fed rats. This study suggests that chronic alcohol intake significantly upregulates hepatic expression of CMO1 and, to a much lesser extent, CMO2. This process may be due to alcohol-induced PPAR gamma expression and lower vitamin A status in the liver. J. Nutr. 140: 1808-1814, 2010. C1 [Luvizotto, Renata A. M.; Nascimento, Andre F.; Veeramachaneni, Sudipta; Liu, Chun; Wang, Xiang-Dong] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Luvizotto, Renata A. M.; Nascimento, Andre F.] Univ Sao Paulo State, Dept Clin Med, Botucatu Sch Med, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM xiang-dong.wang@tufts.edu FU NIH [R01CA104932]; USDA [1950-51000-064S]; FAPESP [06/58177-0] FX Supported by NIH grant R01CA104932, by USDA grant 1950-51000-064S, and by FAPESP (process no. 06/58177-0). Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NIH and the USDA. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 140 IS 10 BP 1808 EP 1814 DI 10.3945/jn.110.123398 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 704WM UT WOS:000286086300016 PM 20702748 ER PT J AU Krebs-Smith, SM Guenther, PM Subar, AF Kirkpatrick, SI Dodd, KW AF Krebs-Smith, Susan M. Guenther, Patricia M. Subar, Amy F. Kirkpatrick, Sharon I. Dodd, Kevin W. TI Americans Do Not Meet Federal Dietary Recommendations SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID INTAKE DISTRIBUTIONS; FOOD GUIDANCE; POPULATION; NUTRIENTS; PATTERNS; SYSTEM AB A longstanding goal of dietary surveillance has been to estimate the proportion of the population with intakes above or below a target, such as a recommended level of intake. However, until now, statistical methods for assessing the alignment of food intakes with recommendations have been lacking. The purposes of this study were to demonstrate the National Cancer Institute's method of estimating the distribution of usual intake of foods and determine the proportion of the U.S. population who does not meet federal dietary recommendations. Data were obtained from the 2001-2004 NHANES for 16,338 persons, aged 2 y and older. Quantities of foods reported on 24-h recalls were translated into amounts of various food groups using the MyPyramid Equivalents Database. Usual dietary intake distributions were modeled, accounting for sequence effect; weekend/weekday effect, sex, age, poverty income ratio, and race/ethnicity. The majority of the population did not meet recommendations for all of the nutrient-rich food groups, except total grains and meat and beans. Concomitantly, overconsumption of energy from solid fats, added sugars, and alcoholic beverages ("empty calories") was ubiquitous. Over 80% of persons age >= 71 y and over 90% of all other sex-age groups had intakes of empty calories that exceeded the discretionary calorie allowances. In conclusion, nearly the entire U.S. population consumes a diet that is not on par with recommendations. These findings add another piece to the rather disturbing picture that is emerging of a nation's diet in crisis. J. Nutr. 140: 1832-1838, 2010. C1 [Krebs-Smith, Susan M.; Subar, Amy F.; Kirkpatrick, Sharon I.; Dodd, Kevin W.] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Guenther, Patricia M.] USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. RP Krebs-Smith, SM (reprint author), NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM krebssms@mail.nih.gov OI Kirkpatrick, Sharon/0000-0001-9896-5975 NR 30 TC 246 Z9 247 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 140 IS 10 BP 1832 EP 1838 DI 10.3945/jn.110.124826 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 704WM UT WOS:000286086300019 PM 20702750 ER PT J AU Noel, SE Newby, PK Ordovas, JM Tucker, KL AF Noel, Sabrina E. Newby, P. K. Ordovas, Jose M. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Adherence to an (n-3) Fatty Acid/Fish Intake Pattern Is Inversely Associated with Metabolic Syndrome among Puerto Rican Adults in the Greater Boston Area SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; HISPANIC WHITE ELDERS; DIETARY-FAT; SCIENTIFIC STATEMENT; DAIRY CONSUMPTION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CARIBBEAN ORIGIN; BLOOD-INSTITUTE; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE AB Combinations of fatty acids may affect risk of metabolic syndrome. Puerto Ricans have a disproportionate number of chronic conditions compared with other Hispanic groups. We aimed to characterize fatty acid intake patterns of Puerto Rican adults aged 45-75 y and living in the Greater Boston area (n = 1207) and to examine associations between these patterns and metabolic syndrome. Dietary fatty acids, as a percentage of total fat, were entered into principle components analysis. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to examine associations between fatty acid intake patterns, nutrients, and food groups. Associations with metabolic syndrome were analyzed by using logistic regression and general linear models with quintiles of principal component scores. Four principal components (factors) emerged: factor 1, short- and medium-chain SFA/dairy; factor 2, (n-3) fatty acid/fish; factor 3, very long-chain (VLC) SFA and PUFA/oils; and factor 4, monounsaturated fatty acid/trans fat. The SFA/dairy factor was inversely associated with fasting serum glucose concentrations (P = 0.02) and the VLC SFA/oils factor was negatively related to waist circumference (P = 0.008). However, these associations were no longer significant after additional adjustment for BMI. The (n-3) fatty acid/fish factor was associated with a lower likelihood of metabolic syndrome (Q5 vs. Q1: odds ratio: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.86). In summary, principal components analysis of fatty acid intakes revealed 4 dietary fatty acid patterns in this population. Identifying optimal combinations of fatty acids may be beneficial for understanding relationships with health outcomes given their diverse effects on metabolism. J. Nutr. 140: 1846-1854, 2010. C1 [Noel, Sabrina E.; Ordovas, Jose M.; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Noel, Sabrina E.; Newby, P. K.] Boston Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Newby, P. K.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Tucker, Katherine L.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM kl.tucker@neu.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NIH [P01-AG023394]; USDA, Agriculture Research Institute [58-1950-7-707] FX Supported by NIH grant number P01-AG023394 and by the USDA, Agriculture Research Institute agreement number 58-1950-7-707. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 140 IS 10 BP 1846 EP 1854 DI 10.3945/jn.110.124297 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 704WM UT WOS:000286086300021 PM 20702744 ER PT J AU Shen, CL Yeh, JK Cao, JJ Tatum, OL Dagda, RY Wang, JS AF Shen, Chwan-Li Yeh, James K. Cao, Jay J. Tatum, Owatha L. Dagda, Raul Y. Wang, Jia-Sheng TI Green tea polyphenols mitigate bone loss of female rats in a chronic inflammation-induced bone loss model SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Tea; Dietary supplement; Inflammation; Bone; Oxidative stress ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; KAPPA-B LIGAND; OXIDATIVE STRESS; (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; OSTEOCLAST FORMATION; NITRIC-OXIDE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR; PROSTAGLANDIN E-2 AB The purpose of this study was to explore the bioavailability, efficacy and molecular mechanisms of green tea polyphenols (GTP) related to preventing bone loss in rats with chronic inflammation. A 2 [placebo vs. lipopolysaccharide (LPS)]x2 (no GTP vs. 0.5% GTP in drinking water) factorial design enabled the evaluation of effects of LPS administration, GTP levels, and LPSxGTP interaction. Urinary GTP components and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography for bioavailability and molecular mechanism, respectively. Efficacy was evaluated by examining changes in femoral mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and bone turnover biomarkers [osteocalcin (OC) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)] using respective ELISA kits. The mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in spleen was determined by real-time RT-PCR. Neither LPS administration nor GTP levels affected body weight and femoral bone area throughout the study period. Only GTP supplementation resulted in increased urinary epigallocatechin and epicatechin concentrations. LPS administration led to a decrease in femur BMC and BMD, and serum OC levels, but an increase in serum TRAP, urinary 8-OHdG and spleen mRNA expression of TNF-alpha and COX-2 levels. GTP supplementation resulted in higher values for femur BMC, BMD and serum OC, but lower values for serum TRAP, urinary 8-OHdG and spleen mRNA expression of TNF-alpha and COX-2 levels. We conclude that GTP mitigates bone loss in a chronic inflammation-induced bone loss model by reducing oxidative stress-induced damage and inflammation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Shen, Chwan-Li; Dagda, Raul Y.] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Shen, Chwan-Li; Tatum, Owatha L.] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Diagnost & Primary Care, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Yeh, James K.] Winthrop Univ Hosp, Appl Bench Core Lab, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. [Cao, Jay J.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Tatum, Owatha L.] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Mol Pathol Program, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Wang, Jia-Sheng] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Shen, CL (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. EM leslie.shen@ttuhsc.edu FU Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health; NIH/NCCAM [R21AT003735]; NIH/NCI [CA90997] FX This study was supported by the Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and NIH/NCCAM grant R21AT003735 (CLS) and the NIH/NCI grant CA90997 (JSW). NR 67 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 21 IS 10 BP 968 EP 974 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.08.002 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 656RQ UT WOS:000282354700011 PM 19962296 ER PT J AU Brewer, GJ Torricelli, JR Lindsey, AL Kunz, EZ Neuman, A Fisher, DR Joseph, JA AF Brewer, Gregory J. Torricelli, John R. Lindsey, Amanda L. Kunz, Elizabeth Z. Neuman, A. Fisher, Derek R. Joseph, James A. TI Age-related toxicity of amyloid-beta associated with increased pERK and pCREB in primary hippocampal neurons: reversal by blueberry extract SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Aging; Neurotoxicity; Amyloid-beta; Stress signaling; Oxyradicals; Glutathione ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ADULT NEURONS; RAT-BRAIN; CELLS AB Further clarification is needed to address the paradox that memory formation, aging and neurodegeneration all involve calcium influx, oxyradical production (ROS) and activation of certain signaling pathways. In aged rats and in APP/PS-1 mice, cognitive and hippocampal Ca(2+) dysregulation was reversed by food supplementation with a high antioxidant blueberry extract. Here, we studied whether neurons were an important target of blueberry extract and whether the mechanism involved altered ROS signaling through MAP kinase and cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (CREB), pathways known to be activated in response to amyloid-beta (A beta). Primary hippocampal neurons were isolated and cultured from embryonic, middle-age or old-age (24 months) rats. Blueberry extract was found to be equally neuroprotective against A beta neurotoxicity at all ages. Increases in A beta toxicity with age were associated with age-related increases in immunoreactivity of neurons to pERK and an age-independent increase in pCREB. Treatment with blueberry extract strongly inhibited these increases in parallel with neuroprotection. Simultaneous labeling for ROS and for glutathione with dichlorofluorescein and monochlorobimane showed a mechanism of action of blueberry extract to involve transient ROS generation with an increase in the redox buffer glutathione. We conclude that the increased age-related susceptibility of old-age neurons to A beta toxicity may be due to higher levels of activation of pERK and pCREB pathways that can be protected by blueberry extract through inhibition of both these pathways through an ROS stress response. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of blueberry extract may involve transient stress signaling and ROS protection that may translate into improved cognition in aging rats and APP/PS1 mice given blueberry extract. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Brewer, Gregory J.; Torricelli, John R.; Lindsey, Amanda L.; Kunz, Elizabeth Z.] So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Microbiol Immunol & Cell Biol, Springfield, IL 62794 USA. [Brewer, Gregory J.] So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Springfield, IL 62794 USA. [Brewer, Gregory J.] So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Springfield, IL 62794 USA. [Neuman, A.; Fisher, Derek R.; Joseph, James A.] Tufts Univ, USDA HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Brewer, GJ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Microbiol Immunol & Cell Biol, Springfield, IL 62794 USA. EM gbrewer@siumed.edu FU NIH [RO1 AG013435]; USDA/ARS; U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council; Wild Blueberry Association of North America FX Supported in part by NIH Grant RO1 AG013435 and the USDA/ARS. The laboratory of J.A. Joseph receives research support form U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council and the Wild Blueberry Association of North America. NR 56 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 21 IS 10 BP 991 EP 998 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.08.005 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 656RQ UT WOS:000282354700014 PM 19954954 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Felix, TA Kwok, OCH AF Dubey, J. P. Felix, T. A. Kwok, O. C. H. TI SEROLOGICAL AND PARASITOLOGICAL PREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN WILD BIRDS FROM COLORADO SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ANTIBODIES; ANIMALS; CATS; OWLS AB Ground-feeding birds are considered important in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii because they serve as indicators of soil contamination by oocysts, and birds of prey are indicators of T gondii prevalence in rodents and other small mammals. Cats excrete environmentally resistant oocysts after consuming tissues of T. gondii infected birds. In the present study, sera and tissues from 382 wild birds from Colorado were tested for T. gondii infection. Antibodies to T gondii were found in 38 birds with the use of the modified agglutination test (MAT, 1:25 titer). Tissues (brains, hearts) of 84 birds were bioassayed in mice. Viable T. gondii was isolated from 1 of 1 barn owl (Tyro alba), 1 of 5 American kestrels (Falco sparverius), 1 of 7 ferruginous hawks (Bute regalis), 1 of 4 rough-legged hawks (Buteo lagopus), 2 of 13 Swainson's hawks (Bute swainsoni), and 1 of 25 red-tailed hawks (Bute jamaicensis). This is the first time T. gondii has been isolated from the barn owl, ferruginous hawk, rough-legged hawk, and Swainson's hawk. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Felix, T. A.; Kwok, O. C. H.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 96 IS 5 BP 937 EP 939 DI 10.1645/GE-2501.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 671QO UT WOS:000283522900016 PM 20950101 ER PT J AU Alvarado-Esquivel, C Rojas-Rivera, A Estrada-Martinez, S Sifuentes-Alvarez, A Liesenfeld, O Garcia-Lopez, CR Dubey, JP AF Alvarado-Esquivel, C. Rojas-Rivera, A. Estrada-Martinez, S. Sifuentes-Alvarez, A. Liesenfeld, O. Garcia-Lopez, C. R. Dubey, J. P. TI SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTION IN A MENNONITE COMMUNITY IN DURANGO STATE, MEXICO SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATERBORNE TOXOPLASMOSIS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; BRAZIL AB There is a lack of information concerning the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Mennonites (an ethnic group of Mexican citizens of German descent living in rural communities). The prevalence of anti-T gondii immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM antibodies was examined in 152 Mennonites in Durango State, Mexico, using enzyme-linked immunoassays. In total, 46 (30.3%) of 152 participants (mean age 38.4 +/- 15.5 yr) had IgG T. gondii antibodies; 5 (3.3%) also had IgM T. gondii antibodies. Toxoplasma gondii infection was significantly associated with the presence of cats at home (adjusted OR = 3.93; 95% CI: 1.40-11.05), raising cattle (adjusted OR = 3.88; 95% CI: 1.24-12.11), consumption of pigeon meat (adjusted OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.36-6.63), and consumption of untreated water (adjusted OR = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.09-5.40). This is the First report of seroprevalence and contributing factors for T. gondii infection in Mennonites and of an association of the consumption of pigeon meat with T gondii infection. Results of this study should be useful in the design of optimal preventive measures against T. gondii infection. C1 [Alvarado-Esquivel, C.; Rojas-Rivera, A.; Estrada-Martinez, S.; Sifuentes-Alvarez, A.; Liesenfeld, O.; Garcia-Lopez, C. R.; Dubey, J. P.] Juarez Univ Durango State, Fac Med, Durango 34000, Dgo, Mexico. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 96 IS 5 BP 941 EP 945 DI 10.1645/GE-2477.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 671QO UT WOS:000283522900017 PM 20481662 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Reichard, MV Torretti, L Garvon, JM Sundar, N Grigg, ME AF Dubey, J. P. Reichard, Mason V. Torretti, Luigi Garvon, Jason M. Sundar, N. Grigg, M. E. TI TWO NEW SPECIES OF SARCOCYSTIS (APICOMPLEXA: SARCOCYSTIDAE) INFECTING THE WOLVERINE (GULO GULO) FROM NUNAVUT, CANADA SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; EUROPEAN BADGER; SPOROZOA AB Infection with Sarcocystis species is common in many species of animals, but it has not yet been reported in wolverines (Gulo gulo). Histological sections of tongues from 41 wolverines in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada, were examined for sarcocysts. Sarcocysts were found in 33 (80.4%) wolverines. Two structurally distinct types of sarcocysts were found. Type A sarcocysts were thin (<1 mu m thick) walled. Ultrastructurally, the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (Pvm) had minute undulations, but it lacked villar protrusions and was not invaginated into the granular layer. The bradyzoites were slender, about 5 x 1 mu m in size. Structurally, these sarcocysts were distinct from known species of Sarcocystis and possessed a novel 18S and ITS-1 sequence, sharing 98% and 78% sequence similarity with Sarcocystis. can's. A new species name, Sarcocystis kalvikus, is proposed for type A sarcocysts. In contrast, type B sarcocysts had relatively thicker (about 2 mu m) cyst walls and larger bradyzoites, each about 10 x 2-3 mu m. Ultrastructurally, the Pvm on the sarcocyst wall had villar protrusions that were either mushroom-like or sloping. Molecular analysis identified a unique 18S and ITS-1 sequence that placed them in a clade within the Sarcocystidae. Based on histology, TEM, and genetic data, the new name, Sarcocystis kitikmeotensis, is proposed. Sarcocystis kalvikus was found in 14 (34.1%), S. kitikmeotensis was found in 7 (17%), and both species were found in 12 (29.2%) of 41 wolverines. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Reichard, Mason V.; Torretti, Luigi; Garvon, Jason M.; Sundar, N.; Grigg, M. E.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov FU Nunavut Wildlife Management Board; GN-Department of Environment; Center for Veterinary Health Sciences at Oklahoma State University; NIH; NIAID; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) FX We sincerely thank Dr. Eric Hoberg for nomenclature advice. We would like to thank John Jenkins, Armed Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306, for electron microscopy, Leandra Ferreira for illustrations, James Wasmuth for help with the phylogenetic analyses, and Patricia Pilitt for cataloging the specimens. This study was funded in part by Nunavut Wildlife Management Board and GN-Department of Environment, the Center for Veterinary Health Sciences at Oklahoma State University, and by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH and NIAID. M.E.G. is a scholar of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) Integrated Microbial Biodiversity Program. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 96 IS 5 BP 972 EP 976 DI 10.1645/GE-2412.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 671QO UT WOS:000283522900022 PM 20950105 ER PT J AU Miska, KB Schwarz, RS Jenkins, MC Rathinam, T Chapman, HD AF Miska, K. B. Schwarz, R. S. Jenkins, M. C. Rathinam, T. Chapman, H. D. TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF EIMERIA FROM TURKEYS AND GAMEBIRDS: IMPLICATIONS FOR EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS IN GALLIFORM BIRDS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA-SEQUENCES; COCCIDIOSIS; TREES AB In order to determine the evolutionary relationships among Eimeria species that parasitize birds of the Galliformes, the 18s rDNA gene and a portion of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (cox-1) were amplified from Eimeria species isolated from turkeys, chukars, and pheasants. The phyloaenetic analysis of these sequences suggests that species infecting chickens are polyphyletic and, therefore, do not all share a direct common ancestor. Both the 18s rDNA and the cox-1 sequences indicate that Eimeria tenella and Eimeria necatrix are more closely related to Eimeria of turkeys and pheasants than to other species that infect the chicken. It is, therefore, likely that the chicken Eimeria spp. represent 2 separate ancestral colonizations of the gut, one of which comprises E. tenella and E. necatrix that infect the ceca, while the other includes Eimeria acervulina. Eimeria brunetti, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria mills, which infect the upper regions of the intestine. C1 [Miska, K. B.; Schwarz, R. S.; Jenkins, M. C.; Rathinam, T.; Chapman, H. D.] ARS, USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Miska, KB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 1042 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Kate.Miska@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 96 IS 5 BP 982 EP 986 DI 10.1645/GE-2344.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 671QO UT WOS:000283522900024 PM 20950106 ER PT J AU Tooley, PW Carras, MM Sechler, A Rajasab, AH AF Tooley, Paul W. Carras, Marie M. Sechler, Aaron Rajasab, Angadi H. TI Real-time PCR Detection of Sorghum Ergot Pathogens Claviceps africana, Claviceps sorghi and Claviceps sorghicola SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sugary disease; ergot detection ID EF-1-ALPHA GENE INTRON-4; TEXAS PANHANDLE; C-SORGHI; AUSTRALIA; DISEASE; INDIA; ASSAY; AMERICA; ALKALOIDS; PRODUCTS AB Sorghum ergot is a serious disease that has caused major losses in sorghum growing regions worldwide. Claviceps africana, originally reported from Zimbabwe, is now the most widely distributed species causing ergot in many countries including the United States of America, whereas both C. africana and Claviceps sorghi exist in India. A third species (Claviceps sorghicola) has been described causing sorghum ergot in Japan. As the three species show morphological similarities, a DNA-based assay is desirable for rapid identification in cases where ergot-infected sorghum is found by regulatory authorities. We designed PCR primers and probes from the intron 3 region of the beta-tubulin gene (for C. africana and C. sorghi) and the intron 4 region of EF-1 alpha (for C. sorghicola) and tested them by real-time PCR with purified DNA and ergot samples from the field and greenhouse. The primer and probe sets specifically amplified DNA from the respective species with a detection limit of c. 1 pg DNA. Genomic DNA from six other Claviceps species did not amplify in any of the three ergot species-specific assays. The assays we describe will provide useful tools for detecting sorghum ergot pathogens in seed and grain shipments and for determining which species are present in the samples, thereby aiding in the regulatory decision-making process. C1 [Tooley, Paul W.; Carras, Marie M.; Sechler, Aaron] ARS, USDA, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Rajasab, Angadi H.] Gulbarga Univ, Mycol & Plant Pathol Lab, Gulbarga 585106, Karnataka, India. RP Tooley, PW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM paul.tooley@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 158 IS 10 BP 698 EP 704 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2010.01683.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 647WO UT WOS:000281651500007 ER PT J AU Wojan, TR AF Wojan, Timothy R. TI Democracy as Problem Solving: Civic Capacity in Communities Across the Globe SO JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Wojan, Timothy R.] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Wojan, TR (reprint author), ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-4146 J9 J REGIONAL SCI JI J. Reg. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 4 BP 891 EP 893 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9787.2010.00696_10.x PG 3 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA 655DJ UT WOS:000282223300001 ER PT J AU Roy, A Perfect, E Dunne, WM Odling, N Kim, JW AF Roy, Ankur Perfect, Edmund Dunne, William M. Odling, Noelle Kim, Jung-Woo TI Lacunarity analysis of fracture networks: Evidence for scale-dependent clustering SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fractures; Joints; Lacunarity; Clustering; Gliding-box algorithm ID SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; WESTERN NORWAY; JOINTS; EXPLANATION; PATTERNS; FLOW AB Previous studies on fracture networks have shown that fractures contained within distinct mechanical units ("stratabound") are regularly spaced while those that terminate within the rock mass are clustered ("non-stratabound"). Lacunarity is a parameter which can quantify the distribution of spaces between rock fractures. When normalized to account for differences in fracture abundance, lacunarity characterizes the distribution of spaces as the degree of clustering in the fracture network. Normalized lacunarity curves, L*(r), computed using the gliding-box algorithm and plotted as a function of box-size, r, were constructed for natural fracture patterns from Telpyn Point, Wales and the Hornelen basin, Norway. The results from analysis of the Telpyn Point fractures indicate that such curves are sensitive to differences in the clustering of different fracture sets at the same scale. For fracture networks mapped at different scales from the Hornelen basin, our analysis shows that clustering increases with decreasing spatial scale. This trend is attributed to the transition from a "stratabound" system at the scale of sedimentary cycles (100-200 m) that act as distinct mechanical units to a "non-stratabound" fracture system geometry at the finer 10's of meters thick bedding scale. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Roy, Ankur; Perfect, Edmund; Dunne, William M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Odling, Noelle] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Kim, Jung-Woo] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, BARC EAST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kim, Jung-Woo] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Radioact Waste Technol Dev Div, Taejon 305353, South Korea. RP Perfect, E (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM eperfect@utk.edu OI Dunne, William/0000-0002-7423-9896 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1444 EP 1449 DI 10.1016/j.jsg.2010.08.010 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 707KI UT WOS:000286284800005 ER PT J AU Saldanha, LG Dwyer, JT Andrews, KW Bailey, RL Gahche, JJ Hardy, CJ Holden, JM Picciano, MF Roseland, JM Thomas, PR Wolf, WR AF Saldanha, Leila G. Dwyer, Johanna T. Andrews, Karen W. Bailey, Regan L. Gahche, Jaime J. Hardy, Constance J. Holden, Joanne M. Picciano, Mary Frances Roseland, Janet M. Thomas, Paul R. Wolf, Wayne R. TI Online Dietary Supplement Resources SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 [Saldanha, Leila G.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Alexandria, VA USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.; Bailey, Regan L.; Picciano, Mary Frances; Thomas, Paul R.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Andrews, Karen W.; Holden, Joanne M.; Roseland, Janet M.] ARS, USDA, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Gahche, Jaime J.] CDC, Natl Hlth & Nutr Examinat Survey Planning Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Hardy, Constance J.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. [Wolf, Wayne R.] Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Saldanha, LG (reprint author), NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Alexandria, VA USA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health; ODS FX Funds for the preparation of this article were provided by the Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health.; Describes the ODS programs and offers links to research resources and research sponsored by ODS. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 120 S RIVERSIDE PLZ, STE 2000, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 110 IS 10 BP 1426 EP + DI 10.1016/j.jada.2010.08.013 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 657DJ UT WOS:000282392600003 PM 20869478 ER PT J AU O'Neil, CE Nicklas, TA Zanovec, M Cho, S AF O'Neil, Carol E. Nicklas, Theresa A. Zanovec, Michael Cho, Susan TI Whole-Grain Consumption Is Associated with Diet Quality and Nutrient Intake in Adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE ATHEROSCLEROSIS; IOWA WOMENS HEALTH; MAGNESIUM INTAKE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; REFINED-GRAIN; RISK-FACTORS; FOODS; FIBER; BRAN AB Background The consumption of whole grains and its association with nutrient intake has not been assessed in a recent nationally representative population. Objective To examine the association of consumption of whole grains, using the new whole-grain definition, with diet quality and nutrient intake in a recent, nationally representative sample of adults. Design Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants and methods Adults aged 19 to 50 years (n=7,039) and aged 51 years and older (n=6,237). Main outcome measures Participants were divided into four whole-grain consumption groups: <= 0 to < 0.6, >= 0.6 to < 1.5, >= 1.5 to < 3.0, and >= 3.0 servings (ounce equivalents)/day. Macro- and micronutrient intakes and diet quality, using the Healthy Eating Index, were determined for each group. Statistical analyses Sample weights were applied. The percentages of adults in whole-grain consumption groups were calculated. The covariates used were energy, ethnicity, sex, and age. Least-square means were calculated. P for linear trend analysis was determined using whole-grain intake as a linear covariate. A P value of <= 0.05 was considered significant. Results Adults aged 19 to 50 and 51+ years consumed a mean of 0.63 and 0.77 servings of whole grains per day, respectively. For both age groups, diet quality and intake of energy, fiber, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher in those consuming the most servings of whole grains. Intake of total sugars (19 to 50 year age group only), added sugars, saturated fatty acids, mono-unsaturated fatty acids, and cholesterol was significantly lower in those consuming the most servings of whole grains. Intake of all micronutrients, except vitamin B-12 and sodium, was higher among individuals who consumed the most servings of whole grains. Conclusions Overall consumption of whole grains in the US population was low using the recently updated whole-grain definition. Adults who consumed the most servings of whole grains had better diet quality and nutrient intakes. C1 [O'Neil, Carol E.; Zanovec, Michael] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Human Ecol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Nicklas, Theresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Cho, Susan] NutraSource, Clarksville, MD USA. RP O'Neil, CE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, Sch Human Ecol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM coneil1@lsu.edu FU USDA/ARS [58-6250-6-003]; Kellogg; USDA [940-36-3104, 93673, 93676, 0199070] FX This work is a publication of the USDA/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the US government. This research project is supported by the USDA/ARS through specific cooperative agreement 58-6250-6-003 and by Kellogg's Corporate Citizenship Fund. Partial support was received from the USDA Hatch Projects 940-36-3104 Project No. 93673 and LAB 93676 No. 0199070. NR 63 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 120 S RIVERSIDE PLZ, STE 2000, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 110 IS 10 BP 1461 EP 1468 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2010.07.012 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 657DJ UT WOS:000282392600010 PM 20869484 ER PT J AU Chale-Rush, A Guralnik, JM Walkup, MP Miller, ME Rejeski, WJ Katula, JA King, AC Glynn, NW Manini, TM Blair, SN Fielding, RA AF Chale-Rush, Angela Guralnik, Jack M. Walkup, Michael P. Miller, Michael E. Rejeski, W. Jack Katula, Jeffrey A. King, Abby C. Glynn, Nancy W. Manini, Todd M. Blair, Steven N. Fielding, Roger A. TI Relationship Between Physical Functioning and Physical Activity in the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Pilot SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE older adults; mobility disability; physical function performance ID PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL-DISEASE; LOWER-EXTREMITY FUNCTION; WALK 400 METERS; OLDER-ADULTS; ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; MOBILITY LIMITATION; BODY-COMPOSITION; MUSCLE STRENGTH; PERFORMANCE AB OBJECTIVES To determine whether participation in usual moderate-intensity or more-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with physical function performance and to identify sociodemographic, psychosocial, and disease-related covariates that may also compromise physical function performance. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of baseline variables of a randomized controlled intervention trial. SETTING Four academic research centers. PARTICIPANTS Four hundred twenty-four older adults aged 70 to 89 at risk for mobility disability (scoring < 10 on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)) and able to complete the 400-m walk test within 15 minutes. MEASUREMENTS Minutes of MVPA (dichotomized according to above or below 150 min/wk of MVPA) assessed according to the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors questionnaire, SPPB score, 400-m walk test, sex, body mass index (BMI), depressive symptoms, age, and number of medications. RESULTS The SPPB summary score was associated with minutes of MVPA (=0.16, P=.001). In multiple regression analyses, age, minutes of MVPA, number of medications, and depressive symptoms were associated with performance on the composite SPPB (P <.05). There was an association between 400-m walk time and minutes of MVPA (=-0.18; P <.001). In multiple regression analyses, age, sex, minutes of MVPA, BMI, and number of medications were associated with performance on the 400-m walk test (P <.05). CONCLUSION Minutes of MVPA, sex, BMI, depressive symptoms, age, and number of medications are associated with physical function performance and should all be taken into consideration in the prevention of mobility disability. C1 [Chale-Rush, Angela; Fielding, Roger A.] Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Guralnik, Jack M.] NIA, Lab Epidemiol Demog & Biometry, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Walkup, Michael P.; Miller, Michael E.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Rejeski, W. Jack; Katula, Jeffrey A.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Hlth & Exercise Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [King, Abby C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Sch Med, Stanford Prevent Res Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Glynn, Nancy W.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Aging & Populat Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Manini, Todd M.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Aging & Geriatr Res, Inst Aging, Gainesville, FL USA. [Blair, Steven N.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Exercise Sci & Epidemiol Biostat, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Fielding, RA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM roger.fielding@tufts.edu RI Katula, Jeffrey/K-5905-2013; OI Glynn, Nancy/0000-0003-2265-0162 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707, DK007651]; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center [1P30AG031679]; National Institutes on Health (NIH), National Institute on Aging Cooperative Agreement [UO1 AG22376]; National Institute on Aging, NIH; Pittsburgh Claude D. Pepper Center [P30 AG024827]; National Institute on Aging [K24AG021507] FX Drs. Chale-Rush's and Fielding's contribution are supported by U.S. Department of Agriculture Grants 58-1950-7-707 and DK007651 and the Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (1P30AG031679). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.; The LIFE-P Study is funded by National Institutes on Health (NIH), National Institute on Aging Cooperative Agreement; UO1 AG22376 and sponsored in part by the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH.; The Pittsburgh Field Center was partially supported by the Pittsburgh Claude D. Pepper Center P30 AG024827.; Dr. Gill is the recipient of a Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24AG021507) from the National Institute on Aging. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 58 IS 10 BP 1918 EP 1924 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03008.x PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 660ZP UT WOS:000282690900012 PM 20738437 ER PT J AU Sundaram, J Kandala, CV Holser, RA Butts, CL Windham, WR AF Sundaram, Jaya Kandala, Chari V. Holser, Ronald A. Butts, Christopher L. Windham, William R. TI Determination of In-Shell Peanut Oil and Fatty Acid Composition Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Nondestructive; NIR reflectance spectroscopy; Partial least squares; In-shell peanut; Total oil; Fatty acids ID SEED; L. AB NIR reflectance spectroscopy was used to analyze the total oil and fatty acid concentration of Virginia and Valencia types of in-shell peanuts rapidly and nondestructively. NIR absorbance spectra were collected in the wavelength range from 400 to 2,500 nm using a NIR instrument. Average total oil concentrations of all samples were determined by a standard Soxtec extraction method. Fatty acids were converted to the corresponding methyl esters and measured using gas chromatography. Partial least squares analysis was performed on the calibration set, and models were developed for predicting total oil and fatty acids. The best model was selected based on coefficient of determination (R (2)), standard error of prediction, and residual percent deviation (RPD) values. Virginia-type in-shell peanuts had RPD values of > 5.0 for both absorbance and reflectance models, indicating that the method could be used for quality control and analysis. Valencia peanuts had an RPD value of 3.01, which indicates that the model is good for initial screening purposes. For both types of peanuts, fatty acid prediction gave RPD values of < 5 for all the models, indicating they could be used for initial screening purposes. C1 [Sundaram, Jaya; Kandala, Chari V.; Butts, Christopher L.] USDA, ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Holser, Ronald A.; Windham, William R.] USDA, ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sundaram, J (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM jaya.sundaram@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1103 EP 1114 DI 10.1007/s11746-010-1589-7 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 648WX UT WOS:000281726200002 ER PT J AU Miller, SS Scorza, R AF Miller, Stephen S. Scorza, Ralph TI Response of Two Novel Peach Tree Growth Habits to In-row Tree Spacing, Training System, and Pruning: Effect on Growth and Pruning SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DELICIOUS APPLE-TREES; CANOPY DEVELOPMENT; VEGETATIVE GROWTH; FRUIT-QUALITY; YIELD; ORCHARD; PRODUCTIVITY; DENSITY; FORM AB Novel peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] tree growth habits, such as the pillar (P) (also called columnar) and upright (UP), offer unique opportunities to develop high-density peach production systems similar to that for apple. This study was initiated to examine the performance of a novel P and UP growth habit compared to a standard (S) peach growth habit when planted at four different within-row spacings and trained to a multiple leader (ML) or central leader (CL) system. The effect of summer pruning (SP) was examined over five growing seasons. In the final year of the study, canopy height was significantly reduced on one half of the trees hi each growth habit x spacing x training system plot to determine the response to radical tree height adjustment for bearing upright and columnar peach growth habits. The three growth habits differed in trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) after seven growing seasons with P trees being smallest and UP habit trees the largest. Close in-row spacing (1.5 and 2.0 m) reduced TCSA compared to wider spacing (4.0 and 6.0 m). There was a significant interaction between spacing and growth habit for TCSA and for canopy width. At the close spacings growth was similar among the three growth habits, but at the wider spacings the TCSA and canopy width of UP and S trees were similar and much greater than P trees. SP annually from the second through the sixth leaf reduced TCSA and canopy width compared to non-SP trees. The year after SP was discontinued there were no significant differences in TCSA, canopy width, or terminal shoot growth between SP and non-SP trees. The effects of growth habit and spacing on terminal shoot growth were inconsistent and SP had little or no effect on mean terminal shoot length. P trees required less dormant pruning time and about 50% fewer pruning cuts per tree, but more time per individual pruning cut than UP or S trees. UP trees required about the same time to dormant prune in the seventh season as S trees, but required 35% fewer pruning cuts.cm(-2) TCSA than S trees. The effect of growth habit on pruning time is discussed. SP reduced the time required for dormant pruning between 28 and 50%, depending on year. SP was more effective in reducing dormant pruning time per tree for trees spaced at 6.0 m than trees spaced at 1.5 or 2.0 m within the row. Total pruning time (dormant with or without SP) per hectare was less for P trees compared to UP or S trees when planted at the same in-row spacing. However, total pruning time was greater for a high-density P planting than a low-density planting of S growth habit trees. Our results indicate that P and UP growth habit peach trees are well suited to high-density planting systems at spacings of 1.5 to 2.0 m. However, the results do raise some questions about the horticultural benefit(s) of SP for these novel peach tree growth habits. C1 [Miller, Stephen S.; Scorza, Ralph] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Miller, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 64 IS 4 BP 199 EP 217 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 677BO UT WOS:000283964300002 ER PT J AU Crabtree, SB Pomper, KW Lowe, JD AF Crabtree, S. B. Pomper, K. W. Lowe, J. D. TI Within-Cluster Hand-Thinning Increases Fruit Weight in North American Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PEACH; KENTUCKY AB Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] is a tree fruit native to the Eastern United States with increasing popularity as a high-value niche crop. Two undesirable characteristics of pawpaw are great variation in fruit size and short shelf-life, caused in part by a small tear in the skin created when fruit are harvested from the cluster, allowing pathogens to enter the fruit. Within-cluster thinning of pawpaw to one fruit could increase fruit size and improve shelf-life by allowing the peduncle to be cut at harvest, maintaining an intact epidermis. The objectives of this study were to determine if hand thinning of multi-fruit clusters to one fruit could be accomplished without causing abortion of the remaining fruit and to determine if within-cluster thinning would increase average fruit size. In a preliminary experiment with seedling trees in 2004, hand thinning of clusters to a single fruit did not lead to cluster abortion or greater drop rates than unthinned clusters. Mature trees of four pawpaw cultivars were utilized in a fruit thinning study in 2006 and 2008. Trees were hand thinned in early-June, and fruit were harvested from mid-August through late-September. Fruit from hand-thinned trees weighed significantly more than those from control trees (47% and 23% greater weight in 2006 and 2008, respectively). Crop density, yield efficiency, and fruit number per tree tended to be or were significantly higher for unthinned trees. Number of clusters per tree, trunk cross-sectional area, yield, and the percent cluster drop and fruit drop, were not significantly different for thinned and unthinned trees. In pawpaw, as in other tree fruits, fruit thinning increases fruit size by reducing competition among and within clusters. C1 [Pomper, K. W.] Kentucky State Univ, USDA Natl Clonal Gcrmplasm Repository Asimina Spe, Atwood Res Facil, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Crabtree, SB (reprint author), Kentucky State Univ, USDA Natl Clonal Gcrmplasm Repository Asimina Spe, Atwood Res Facil, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 64 IS 4 BP 234 EP 240 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 677BO UT WOS:000283964300005 ER PT J AU Dai, ZH Trettin, CC Li, CS Amatya, DM Sun, G Li, HB AF Dai, Zhaohua Trettin, Carl C. Li, Changsheng Amatya, Devendra M. Sun, Ge Li, Harbin TI SENSITIVITY OF STREAM FLOW AND WATER TABLE DEPTH TO POTENTIAL CLIMATIC VARIABILITY IN A COASTAL FORESTED WATERSHED SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE forest hydrology; water table; streamflow; MIKE SHE; climate change ID DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGICAL MODEL; UNITED-STATES; SOUTH-CAROLINA; MIKE-SHE; WETLAND RESTORATION; CATCHMENT-SCALE; PINE PLANTATION; CHANGE IMPACTS; BASIN; PRECIPITATION AB A physically based distributed hydrological model, MIKE SHE, was used to evaluate the effects of altered temperature and precipitation regimes on the streamflow and water table in a forested watershed on the southeastern Atlantic coastal plain. The model calibration and validation against both streamflow and water table depth showed that the MIKE SHE was applicable for predicting the streamflow and water table dynamics for this watershed with an acceptable model efficiency (E > 0.5 for daily streamflow and > 0.75 for monthly streamflow). The simulation results from changing temperature and precipitation scenarios indicate that climate change influences both streamflow and water table in the forested watershed. Compared to current climate conditions, the annual average streamflow increased or decreased by 2.4% with one percentage increase or decrease in precipitation; a quadratic polynomial relationship between changes in water table depth (cm) and precipitation (%) was found. The annual average water table depth and annual average streamflow linearly decreased with an increase in temperature within the range of temperature change scenarios (0-6 degrees C). The simulation results from the potential climate change scenarios indicate that future climate change will substantially impact the hydrological regime of upland and wetland forests on the coastal plain with corresponding implications to altered ecosystem functions that are dependent on water. C1 [Dai, Zhaohua; Li, Changsheng] Univ New Hampshire, CSRC, EOS, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Trettin, Carl C.; Amatya, Devendra M.; Li, Harbin] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, USDA, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. [Sun, Ge] US Forest Serv, SGCP, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Dai, ZH (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, CSRC, EOS, 8 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM zdai@fs.fed.us NR 73 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1036 EP 1048 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00474.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 654MG UT WOS:000282171800013 ER PT J AU Ritter, RA Lenssen, AW Blodgett, SL Taper, ML AF Ritter, R. A. Lenssen, A. W. Blodgett, S. L. Taper, M. L. TI Regional Assemblages of Lygus (Heteroptera Miridae) in Montana Canola Fields SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Lygus; canola; biological control; economic threshold ID OILSEED BRASSICA CROPS; PLANT BUGS; RAPE; LINEOLARIS; HEMIPTERA; ALFALFA; MUSTARD; STAGE; SPP. AB Sweep net sampling of canola (Brassica napus L) was conducted in 2002 and 2003 to determine Lygus (Heteroptera Miridae) species composition and parasitism levels in four regions of Montana Regardless of region or seasonal change Lygus elisus (Van Duzee) was the dominant species in all canola fields sampled averaging 60-99% of the total adult populations Lygus borealis (Kelton) Lygus keltoni (Schwartz) and Lygus lincolaris (Palisot) were detected at much lower levels Total lygus population density was greatest in the southwest and central regions The northeast and southwest regions had the greatest lygus species diversity The proportion of L elisus increased from early to late crop maturity stages in the southwest and central regions while there was no change in northeast and southwest canola production regions Nymphal stages HI V were dissected to detect parasitism in 2003 only Parasitism was found to be negligible in the dissection of 1 230 nymphs Lygus population densities in canola indicate the potential for economic Impact on Montana canola especially in years when moisture is limited C1 [Blodgett, S. L.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Ritter, R. A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Lenssen, A. W.] ARS, USDA, NPARL, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Taper, M. L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Blodgett, SL (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. FU Montana State University; USDA [00-38624-8971] FX We gratefully thank the producers and landowners who allowed us to sample their crops as part of this study We also appreciate the warm correspondence of Michael D Schwartz (Research Affiliate, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada) who graciously provided lygus species verifications Further thanks go to the Undergraduate Scholars Program (Montana State University) for supporting creative research and for providing project sponsorship for R A (Baril) Ritter This research was also partially funded by USDA, CSREES Pacific Northwest Regional Canola Research Program Grant #00-38624-8971 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 7 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 83 IS 4 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.2317/JKES0912.23.1 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 696LP UT WOS:000285443200004 ER PT J AU Sampson, BJ Kirker, GT Werle, CT AF Sampson, B. J. Kirker, G. T. Werle, C. T. TI Morphology, Courtship and Mating of a Mixed Bilateral Gynander of Osmia ribifloris biedermannii Michener (Hymenoptera Megachilidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GYNANDROMORPH; MECHANISMS; DROSOPHILA; BEHAVIOR; APIDAE; BEES C1 [Sampson, B. J.; Kirker, G. T.; Werle, C. T.] ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Sampson, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, 810 Hwy 26 W, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 83 IS 4 BP 347 EP 351 DI 10.2317/JKES0910.28.1 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 696LP UT WOS:000285443200011 ER PT J AU Shih, F Bett-Garber, K Champagne, E Daigle, K Lea, J AF Shih, Fred Bett-Garber, Karen Champagne, Elaine Daigle, Kim Lea, Jeanne TI Effects of beer-battering on the frying properties of rice and wheat batters and their coated foods SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE beer-battering; rice batters; food coating; textural analysis; sensory evaluations ID OIL UPTAKE; FLOUR; QUALITY; SNACK; GUMS AB BACKGROUND: Beer in batter formulation or beer-battering has been popular in fried food recipes, but the topic is rarely reported in scientific journals or the claims substantiated with reliable studies. In this research, we prepared and characterized rice and wheat batters with and without using beer to replace water in the formulation. We studied and provided data on the effect of beer on the frying properties of batter and its coated foods. RESULTS: With beer in the formulation, oil uptake of fried batters generally increased by up to 18%. Instrumental textural analyses indicate that beer-battering treatment generally decreased the hardness, increased the fracturability and improved the crispness of the fried batters. Sensory evaluations show similar trends, though to a lesser extent, that fish and onion rings coated with batters were softer but crispier with beer than without. CONCLUSION: In general, beer-battering caused an increase in the oil uptake of the batter during frying. It also made the texture of fried batters slightly softer and crispier. The effects are more pronounced for rice batters than wheat batters. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Shih, Fred; Bett-Garber, Karen; Champagne, Elaine; Daigle, Kim; Lea, Jeanne] USDA ARS SRRC, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Shih, F (reprint author), USDA ARS SRRC, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Fred.Shih@ars.usda.gov OI Bett-Garber, Karen/0000-0002-1453-2759 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 90 IS 13 BP 2203 EP 2207 DI 10.1002/jsfa.4071 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 660TK UT WOS:000282667500008 PM 20623702 ER PT J AU Min, B Lee, SM Yoo, SH Inglett, GE Lee, S AF Min, Bockki Lee, Seung Mi Yoo, Sang-Ho Inglett, George E. Lee, Suyong TI Functional characterization of steam jet-cooked buckwheat flour as a fat replacer in cake-baking SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE buckwheat; steam jet-cooking; fat replacer; cake; shortening ID RICE FLOUR; HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT; FRYING BATTERS; QUALITY; COOKING; BRAN; EMULSIFIERS; VISCOSITY; PRODUCTS; RUTIN AB BACKGROUND: With rising consumer awareness of obesity, the food industry has a market-driven impetus to develop low-fat or fat-free foods with acceptable taste and texture. Fancy buckwheat flour was thus subjected to steam jet-cooking and the performance of the resulting product in cake-baking was evaluated as a fat replacer. RESULTS: Steam jet-cooking caused structural breakdown and starch gelatinization of buckwheat flour, thus increasing its water hydration properties. In the pasting measurements, steam jet-cooked buckwheat flour exhibited high initial viscosity, while no peak viscosity was observed. Also, the suspensions of steam jet-cooked buckwheat flour exhibited shear-thinning behaviors, which were well characterized by the power law model. When shortening in cakes was replaced with steam jet-cooked buckwheat gels, the specific gravity of cake batters significantly increased, consequently affecting cake volume after baking. However, shortening replacement with steam jet-cooked buckwheat up to 20% by weight appeared to be effective in producing cakes as soft as the control without volume loss. CONCLUSION: When buckwheat flour was thermomechanically modified by steam jet-cooking, it was successfully incorporated into cake formulations for shortening up to 20% by weight, producing low-fat cakes with comparable volume and textural properties to the control. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Min, Bockki; Lee, Seung Mi; Yoo, Sang-Ho; Lee, Suyong] Sejong Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Min, Bockki; Lee, Seung Mi; Yoo, Sang-Ho; Lee, Suyong] Sejong Univ, Carbohydrate Bioprod Res Ctr, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Inglett, George E.] ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Sejong Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, 98 Kunja Dong, Seoul 143747, South Korea. EM suyonglee@sejong.ac.kr FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2009-0087278] FX This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2009-0087278). NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 31 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 90 IS 13 BP 2208 EP 2213 DI 10.1002/jsfa.4072 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 660TK UT WOS:000282667500009 PM 20628997 ER PT J AU Plotto, A Narciso, JA Rattanapanone, N Baldwin, EA AF Plotto, Anne Narciso, Jan A. Rattanapanone, Nithiya Baldwin, Elizabeth A. TI Surface treatments and coatings to maintain fresh-cutmango quality in storage SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Mangifera indica L.; fresh-cut; postharvest; fruit quality; antioxidant; browning ID EDIBLE COATINGS; SHELF-LIFE; CUT MANGO; CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE; ANTIBROWNING AGENTS; PROCESSED FRUITS; VEGETABLES; APPLES; BANANA; FILM AB BACKGROUND: Edible coatings may extend fresh-cut fruit storage by preventing moisture loss and decreasing gas exchange. This study evaluated the effect of an antibrowning dip (calcium ascorbate, citric acid and N-acetyl-L-cysteine), followed or not with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or carrageenan coatings on quality of fresh-cut mangoes stored at 5 degrees C for up to 20 days. A fourth treatment, only used in one of four experiments, consisted of chitosan. Treatments were applied on 'Tommy Atkins', 'Kent' and 'Keitt' mangoes harvested from Homestead (FL), and on imported store-bought mangoes. RESULTS: The antibrowning dips maintained the best visual quality during storage for all cultivars, as indicated by higher b*, hue and L*. The CMC coating maintained similar visual quality, but carrageenan or chitosan decreased L* and b*. The antibrowning dip containing calcium ascorbate reduced firmness loss on cut pieces of 'Keitt', 'Kent' and store-boughtmangoes. The antibrowning treatment maintained higher titratable acidity for 'Kent' and 'Keitt', resulting in lower sensory sweetness. CONCLUSION: This study with repeated experiments showed that calcium ascorbate with citric acid and N-acetyl-L-cysteine maintained cut mango slices attractiveness in storage by keeping light color in both varieties. The addition of a polysaccharide coating did not consistently improve quality. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Plotto, Anne; Narciso, Jan A.; Baldwin, Elizabeth A.] USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Rattanapanone, Nithiya] Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Agroind, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. RP Plotto, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM anne.plotto@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 37 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 90 IS 13 BP 2333 EP 2341 DI 10.1002/jsfa.4095 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 660TK UT WOS:000282667500027 PM 20672334 ER PT J AU Agindotan, BO Ahonsi, MO Domier, LL Gray, ME Bradley, CA AF Agindotan, Bright O. Ahonsi, Monday O. Domier, Leslie L. Gray, Michael E. Bradley, Carl A. TI Application of sequence-independent amplification (SIA) for the RNA viruses in bioenergy crops SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Miscanthus x giganteus; Switchgrass; Energycane; Maize rayado fino virus; Sugarcane mosaic virus; Random amplification ID RAYADO FINO VIRUS; TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; VIRAL COAT PROTEIN; RT-PCR; US-72-1153 ENERGYCANE; MACROARRAY DETECTION; HARVEST MANAGEMENT; PANICUM VIRGATUM; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; MISCANTHUS AB Miscanthus x giganteus, energycane, and Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) are three potential biomass crops being evaluated for commercial cellulosic ethanol production. Viral diseases are potentially significant threats to these crops. Therefore, identification of viruses infecting these bioenergy crops is important for quarantine purposes, virus resistance breeding, and production of virus-free planting materials. The application is described of sequence-independent amplification, for the identification of RNA viruses in bioenergy crops. The method involves virus partial purification from a small amount of infected leaf tissue (miniprep), extraction of viral RNA, amplification of randomly primed cDNAs, cloning, sequencing, and BLAST searches for sequence homology in the GenBank. This method has distinct advantage over other virus characterization techniques in that it does not require reagent specific to target viruses. Using this method, a possible new species was identified in the genus Marafivirus in switchgrass related to Maize rayado fino virus, its closest relative currently in GenBank. Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), genus Potyvirus, was identified in M. x giganteus, energycane, corn (Zea mays), and switchgrass. Other viruses identified were: Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV), genus Potyvirus, in johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense); Soil borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV), genus Furovirus, in wheat (Triticum aestivum); and Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), genus Comovirus, in soybean (Glycine max). The method was as sensitive as conventional RT-PCR. This is the first report of a Marafivirus infecting switchgrass, and SCMV infecting both energycane and M. x giganteus. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Agindotan, Bright O.; Ahonsi, Monday O.; Gray, Michael E.; Bradley, Carl A.] Univ Illinois, Energy Biosci Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Domier, Leslie L.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL USA. [Domier, Leslie L.; Gray, Michael E.; Bradley, Carl A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Agindotan, BO (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Energy Biosci Inst, 1206 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM brighta@illinois.edu FU British Petroleum (BP); Energy Biosciences Institute (EBI), University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign FX We are grateful to British Petroleum (BP) and the Energy Biosciences Institute (EBI), University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, for their support and funding of this research. We thank also the students and staff that established and maintained the SoyFACE farm at Savoy. We are grateful to Prof. Jerald K. Pataky, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, for providing us with MDMV-infected johnsongrass and SCMV-infected corn leaf samples. Special thanks to Dr. William Anderson, USDA/ARS Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Tifton, Georgia, for supplying the energycane stems, and Dr. Michael D. Casler, USDA-ARS, U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, for the switchgrass samples from his plot. NR 65 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 EI 1879-0984 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD OCT PY 2010 VL 169 IS 1 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.07.008 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 657FM UT WOS:000282398600018 PM 20638415 ER PT J AU Stoner, TD Krauss, S DuBois, RM Negovetich, NJ Stallknecht, DE Senne, DA Gramer, MR Swafford, S DeLiberto, T Govorkova, EA Webster, RG AF Stoner, Terri D. Krauss, Scott DuBois, Rebecca M. Negovetich, Nicholas J. Stallknecht, David E. Senne, Dennis A. Gramer, Marie R. Swafford, Seth DeLiberto, Tom Govorkova, Elena A. Webster, Robert G. TI Antiviral Susceptibility of Avian and Swine Influenza Virus of the N1 Neuraminidase Subtype SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A-VIRUS; OSELTAMIVIR RESISTANCE; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; H5N1 INFLUENZA; INHIBITOR RESISTANCE; H1N1 INFLUENZA; UNITED-STATES; ACTIVE-SITE; ZANAMIVIR; EVOLUTION AB Influenza viruses of the N1 neuraminidase (NA) subtype affecting both animals and humans caused the 2009 pandemic. Anti-influenza virus NA inhibitors are crucial early in a pandemic, when specific influenza vaccines are unavailable. Thus, it is urgent to confirm the antiviral susceptibility of the avian viruses, a potential source of a pandemic virus. We evaluated the NA inhibitor susceptibilities of viruses of the N1 subtype isolated from wild waterbirds, swine, and humans. Most avian viruses were highly or moderately susceptible to oseltamivir (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)], <5.1 to 50 nM). Of 91 avian isolates, 7 (7.7%) had reduced susceptibility (IC(50), >50 nM) but were sensitive to the NA inhibitors zanamivir and peramivir. Oseltamivir susceptibility ranged more widely among the waterbird viruses (IC(50), 0.5 to 154.43 nM) than among swine and human viruses (IC(50), 0.33 to 2.56 nM). Swine viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir, compared to human seasonal H1N1 isolated before 2007 (mean IC(50), 1.4 nM). Avian viruses from 2007 to 2008 were sensitive to oseltamivir, in contrast to the emergence of resistant H1N1 in humans. Susceptibility remained high to moderate over time among influenza viruses. Sequence analysis of the outliers did not detect molecular markers of drug-resistance (e. g., H275Y NA mutation [N1 numbering]) but revealed mutations outside the NA active site. In particular, V267I, N307D, and V321I residue changes were found, and structural analyses suggest that these mutations distort hydrophobic pockets and affect residues in the NA active site. We determined that natural oseltamivir resistance among swine and wild waterbirds is rare. Minor naturally occurring variants in NA can affect antiviral susceptibility. C1 [Stoner, Terri D.; Krauss, Scott; DuBois, Rebecca M.; Negovetich, Nicholas J.; Govorkova, Elena A.; Webster, Robert G.] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Senne, Dennis A.] USDA APHIS, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Diagnost Virol Sect, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Gramer, Marie R.] Univ Minnesota, Vet Diagnost Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Swafford, Seth; DeLiberto, Tom] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Webster, RG (reprint author), St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. EM robert.webster@stjude.org FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700005C]; American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities FX This study was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, contract no. HHSN266200700005C, and by the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities. NR 54 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 84 IS 19 BP 9800 EP 9809 DI 10.1128/JVI.00296-10 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 660KQ UT WOS:000282641800014 PM 20660186 ER PT J AU Han, J Rutherford, MS Faaberg, KS AF Han, Jun Rutherford, Mark S. Faaberg, Kay S. TI Proteolytic Products of the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus nsp2 Replicase Protein SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID OPEN READING FRAME; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; CYSTEINE PROTEASE; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; ENCODED PROTEINASES; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN-2; TRANSCRIPTIONAL UNIT; PAPAIN-LIKE; DOMAIN; GENE AB The nsp2 replicase protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was recently demonstrated to be processed from its precursor by the PL2 protease at or near the G(1196)vertical bar G(1197) dipeptide in transfected CHO cells. Here the proteolytic cleavage of PRRSV nsp2 was further investigated in virally infected MARC-145 cells by using two recombinant PRRSVs expressing epitope-tagged nsp2. The data revealed that PRRSV nsp2 exists as different isoforms, termed nsp2a, nsp2b, nsp2c, nsp2d, nsp2e, and nsp2f, during PRRSV infection. Moreover, on the basis of deletion mutagenesis and antibody probing, these nsp2 species appeared to share the same N terminus but to differ in their C termini. The largest protein, nsp2a, corresponded to the nsp2 product identified in transfected CHO cells. nsp2b and nsp2c were processed within or near the transmembrane (TM) region, presumably at or near the conserved sites G(981)vertical bar G(982) and G(828)vertical bar G(829)vertical bar G(830), respectively. The C termini for nsp2d, -e, and -f were mapped within the nsp2 middle hypervariable region, but no conserved cleavage sites could be definitively predicted. The larger nsp2 species emerged almost simultaneously in the early stage of PRRSV infection. Pulse-chase analysis revealed that all six nsp2 species were relatively stable and had low turnover rates. Deletion mutagenesis revealed that the smaller nsp2 species (e. g., nsp2d, nsp2e, and nsp2f) were not essential for viral replication in cell culture. Lastly, we identified a cellular chaperone, named heat shock 70-kDa protein 5 (HSPA5), that was strongly associated with nsp2, which may have important implications for PRRSV replication. Overall, these findings indicate that PRRSV nsp2 is increasingly emerging as a multifunctional protein and may have a profound impact on PRRSV replication and viral pathogenesis. C1 [Faaberg, Kay S.] USDA ARS, Swine & Prion Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Han, Jun; Rutherford, Mark S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Faaberg, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Swine & Prion Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bldg 20,Room 2817,1920 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM kay.faaberg@ars.usda.gov RI Han, Jun/G-2584-2012 OI Han, Jun/0000-0003-1495-3948 FU NRI-CSREES [2006-01598] FX This study was funded by NRI-CSREES 2006-01598.; Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 84 IS 19 BP 10102 EP 10112 DI 10.1128/JVI.01208-10 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 660KQ UT WOS:000282641800041 PM 20668084 ER PT J AU Spalding, MG Mertins, JW Reetz, MJ Keacher, KL Avery, ML Greiner, EC AF Spalding, Marilyn G. Mertins, James W. Reetz, Matthew J. Keacher, Kandy L. Avery, Michael L. Greiner, Ellis C. TI Mite-Filled Cyst on a Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) in Florida, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Cowbird; cyst; ectoparasite; Florida; harpirhynchid mite; Harpirhynchus quasimodo; Molothrus ater ID HARPIRHYNCHUS-NIDULANS; ACARI; CHEYLETOIDEA; BIRDS AB A large, partly pedunculated mass on the scapular area of a wild-caught captive Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) consisted of a multiloculated keratin cyst inhabited by a new species of harpirhynchid mite (Harpirhynchus quasimodo). The mass did not interfere with flight or behavior. This is the first record of such an infestation of cowbirds in Florida. C1 [Mertins, James W.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Reetz, Matthew J.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Keacher, Kandy L.; Avery, Michael L.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Florida Field Stn, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. [Spalding, Marilyn G.; Greiner, Ellis C.] Univ Florida, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Spalding, MG (reprint author), Franklin Coll, Dept Biol, Franklin, IN 46131 USA. EM SpaldingM@vetmed.ufl.edu NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1279 EP 1283 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 676FP UT WOS:000283896600024 PM 20966280 ER PT J AU Brown, P Gipson, C AF Brown, Patricia Gipson, Chester TI A word from OLAW and USDA SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Brown, Patricia] NIH, OLAW, OD, HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gipson, Chester] USDA, APHIS, AC, Washington, DC USA. RP Brown, P (reprint author), NIH, OLAW, OD, HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 39 IS 10 BP 299 EP 299 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 660TP UT WOS:000282668300005 PM 20859274 ER PT J AU Atwell, RC Schulte, LA Westphal, LM AF Atwell, Ryan C. Schulte, Lisa A. Westphal, Lynne M. TI How to build multifunctional agricultural landscapes in the US Corn Belt: Add perennials and partnerships SO LAND USE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Complexity; Ecosystem services; Participatory; Policy; Social capital; Scale ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; RESILIENCE; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; BIOFUELS; POLICY; CAPACITY; RESOURCE AB Conservation of ecosystem services in agricultural regions worldwide is foundational to, but often perceived to be in competition with, other societal outcomes, including food and energy production and thriving rural communities. To address this tension, we engaged regional leaders in agriculture, conservation, and policy from the state of Iowa (USA) in a participatory workshop and follow-up interviews. Our goal was to determine constraints to, and leverage points for, broad-scale implementation of practices that use perennial vegetation to bolster ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. Qualitative analysis of workshop and interview data highlighted the complexity involved in achieving multi-objective societal outcomes across privately owned, working landscapes especially as the Corn Belt region enters a period of rapid reorganization driven by the demand for bioenergy crops. These leaders indicated that initiatives focusing on perennials have the potential to span differences between conservation and agricultural interests by blurring the distinction between working lands and protected areas. Landscape change that transcends private property boundaries to accomplish this goal is dependent upon: (1) facilitation of vertical and horizontal forms of social capital between social actors from different scales and perspectives, and (2) scale appropriate mechanisms that increase the value of perennial practices for farm owners and operators. Our data highlight the adaptive capacity of regional actors to act as intermediaries to shape macro-scale markets, technologies, and policies in ways that are compatible with the needs, the capabilities, and the conservation of local human and natural resources. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Atwell, Ryan C.; Schulte, Lisa A.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Westphal, Lynne M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Atwell, RC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ryancardiffatwell@gmail.com; lschulte@iastate.edu; lwestphal@fs.fed.us NR 50 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8377 J9 LAND USE POLICY JI Land Use Pol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1082 EP 1090 DI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2010.02.004 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 612KO UT WOS:000278897400009 ER PT J AU Spies, TA Giesen, TW Swanson, FJ Franklin, JF Lach, D Johnson, KN AF Spies, Thomas A. Giesen, Thomas W. Swanson, Frederick J. Franklin, Jerry F. Lach, Denise Johnson, K. Norman TI Climate change adaptation strategies for federal forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA: ecological, policy, and socio-economic perspectives SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress of Ecology CY AUG 16-21, 2009 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA DE Landscape management; Disturbances; Regional planning; Adaptive management; Environmental laws ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DOUGLAS-FIR; OREGON; FUTURE; BIODIVERSITY; RESTORATION; RESPONSES; INCREASE; WILDFIRE; MODELS AB Conserving biological diversity in a changing climate poses major challenges for land managers and society. Effective adaptive strategies for dealing with climate change require a socio-ecological systems perspective. We highlight some of the projected ecological responses to climate change in the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A and identify possible adaptive actions that federal forest managers could take. The forest landscape, ownership patterns and recent shift toward ecologically based forest management provide a good starting place for conserving biological diversity under climate change. Nevertheless, undesirable changes in species and ecosystems will occur and a number of adaptive actions could be undertaken to lessen the effects of climate change on forest ecosystems. These include: manipulation of stand and landscape structure to increase ecological resistance and resilience; movement of species and genotypes; and engaging in regional, multi-ownership planning to make adaptive actions more effective. Although the language and goals of environmental laws and policies were developed under the assumption of stable climate and disturbance regimes, they appear to be flexible enough to accommodate many adaptive actions. It is less certain, however, if sufficient social license and economic capacity exist to undertake these actions. Given the history of contentious and litigious debate about federal forest management in this region, it is likely that some of these actions will be seen as double-edge swords, spurring social resistance, especially where actions involve cutting trees. Given uncertainties and complexity, collaborative efforts that promote learning (e.g. adaptive management groups) must be rejuvenated and expanded. C1 [Spies, Thomas A.; Swanson, Frederick J.] US Forest Serv, Dept Agr, PNW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Giesen, Thomas W.; Johnson, K. Norman] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Franklin, Jerry F.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lach, Denise] Oregon State Univ, Dept Sociol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Spies, TA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Dept Agr, PNW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM tspies@fs.fed.us RI Lach, Denise/E-1937-2013 OI Lach, Denise/0000-0002-8406-5033 NR 54 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1185 EP 1199 DI 10.1007/s10980-010-9483-0 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 648WS UT WOS:000281725700005 ER PT J AU O'Connor, DP Bray, MS Mcfarlin, BK Sailors, MH Ellis, KJ Jackson, AS AF O'Connor, Daniel P. Bray, Molly S. Mcfarlin, Brian K. Sailors, Mary H. Ellis, Kenneth J. Jackson, Andrew S. TI Generalized Equations for Estimating DXA Percent Fat of Diverse Young Women and Men: The TIGER Study SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE BODY COMPOSITION; PERCENT BODY FAT; DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BODY MASS INDEX; SKINFOLDS ID BODY-MASS INDEX; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-RISK; OBESITY; DENSITY; RACE; AGE; VALIDATION AB O'CONNOR, D. P., M. S. BRAY, B. K. MCFARLIN, M. H. SAILORS, K. J. ELLIS, and A. S. JACKSON. Generalized Equations for Estimating DXA Percent Fat of Diverse Young Women and Men: The TIGER Study. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 42, No. 10, pp. 1959-1965, 2010. Purpose: Popular generalized equations for estimating percent body fat (BF%) developed with cross-sectional data are biased when applied to racially/ethnically diverse populations. We developed accurate anthropometric models to estimate dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry BF% (DXA-BF%) that can be generalized to ethnically diverse young adults in both cross-sectional and longitudinal field settings. Methods: This longitudinal study enrolled 705 women and 428 men (aged 17-35 yr) for 30 wk of exercise training (3 d.wk(-1) for 30 min.d(-1) of 65%-85% predicted (V) over dotO(2max)). The distribution of ethnicity was as follows: 37% non-Hispanic white, 29% Hispanic, and 34% African-American. DXA-BF%, skinfold thicknesses, and body mass index (BMI) were collected at baseline and after 15 and 30 wk. Results: Skinfolds, BMI, and race/ethnicity were significant predictors of DXA-BF% in linear mixed model regression analysis. For comparable anthropometric measures (e.g., BMI), DXA-BF% was lower in African-American women and men but higher in Hispanic women compared with non-Hispanic white. Addition of BMI to the skinfold model improved the SEE for women (3.6% vs 4.0%), whereas BMI did not improve prediction accuracy of men (SEE = 3.1%). Conclusions: These equations provide accurate predictions of DXA-BF% for diverse young women and men in both cross-sectional and longitudinal settings. To our knowledge, these are the first published body composition equations with generalizability to multiple time points, and the SEE estimates are among the lowest published in the literature. C1 [O'Connor, Daniel P.; Mcfarlin, Brian K.; Jackson, Andrew S.] Univ Houston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [O'Connor, Daniel P.; Mcfarlin, Brian K.] Texas Obes Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Bray, Molly S.; Sailors, Mary H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA. [Ellis, Kenneth J.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP O'Connor, DP (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, 3855 Holman,GAR 104, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM doconnor2@uh.edu FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK062148]; USDA Agricultural Research Services [6250-51000-046] FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK062148) and a grant from the USDA Agricultural Research Services (6250-51000-046) NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1959 EP 1965 DI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181dc2e71 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 654SH UT WOS:000282188300020 PM 20305578 ER PT J AU Lecker, JL Matthan, NR Billheimer, JT Rader, DJ Lichtenstein, AH AF Lecker, Jaime L. Matthan, Nirupa R. Billheimer, Jeffrey T. Rader, Daniel J. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Impact of dietary fat type within the context of altered cholesterol homeostasis on cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in the F1B hamster SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID HMG-COA REDUCTASE; ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEINS; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; RAT-LIVER; STEROL TRANSPORTERS; LDL RECEPTOR; AORTIC-ARCH AB Cholesterol status and dietary fat alter several metabolic pathways reflected in lipoprotein profiles. To assess plasma lipoprotein response and mechanisms by which cholesterol and dietary fat type regulate expression of genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism, we developed an experimental model system using FIB hamsters fed diets (12 weeks) enriched in 10% (wt/wt) coconut, olive, or safflower oil with either high cholesterol (0.1%; cholesterol supplemented) or low cholesterol coupled with cholesterol-lowering drugs 10 days before killing (0.01% cholesterol, 0.15% lovastatin, 2% cholestyramine; cholesterol depleted). Irrespective of dietary fat, cholesterol depletion, relative to supplementation, resulted in lower plasma non high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) and HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations (all Ps < .05). In the liver, these differences were associated with higher sterol regulatory element binding protein-2, low-density lipoprotein receptor, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, and 7 alpha-hydroxylase messenger RNA (mRNA) levels; higher scavenger receptor B1 and apolipoprotein A-I mRNA and protein levels; lower apolipoprotein E protein levels; and in intestine, modestly lower sterol transporters adenosine triphosphate binding cassette (ABC) A1, ABCG5, and ABCG8 mRNA levels. Irrespective of cholesterol status, coconut oil, relative to olive and safflower oils, resulted in higher non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (both Ps < .05) and modestly higher sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 mRNA levels. These data suggest that, in F I B hamsters, differences in plasma lipoprotein profiles in response to cholesterol depletion are associated with changes in the expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism, whereas the effect of dietary fat type on gene expression was modest, which limits the usefulness of the experimental animal model. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lecker, Jaime L.; Matthan, Nirupa R.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Billheimer, Jeffrey T.; Rader, Daniel J.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Cardiovasc Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Alice.Lichtenstein@tufts.edu FU NIH/NHLBI [5T32HL069772]; USDA [588-1950-9-001] FX Supported by NIH/NHLBI 5T32HL069772 (JLL) and USDA agreement 588-1950-9-001. NR 85 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 59 IS 10 BP 1491 EP 1501 DI 10.1016/jmetabol.2010.01.014 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 656YG UT WOS:000282376400015 PM 20197195 ER PT J AU Faeth, SH Hayes, CJ Gardner, DR AF Faeth, Stanley H. Hayes, Cinnamon J. Gardner, Dale R. TI Asexual Endophytes in a Native Grass: Tradeoffs in Mortality, Growth, Reproduction, and Alkaloid Production SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; NEOTYPHODIUM ENDOPHYTES; HERBIVORY; SYMBIOSIS; MUTUALISM; INCREASE; PLANTS AB Neotyphodium endophytes are asexual, seed-borne fungal symbionts that are thought to interact mutualistically with their grass hosts. Benefits include increased growth, reproduction, and resistance to herbivores via endophytic alkaloids. Although these benefits are well established in infected introduced, agronomic grasses, little is known about the cost and benefits of endophyte infection in native grass populations. These populations exist as mosaics of uninfected and infected plants, with the latter often comprised of plants that vary widely in alkaloid content. We tested the costs and benefits of endophyte infections with varying alkaloids in the native grass Achnatherum robustum (sleepygrass). We conducted a 4-year field experiment, where herbivory and water availability were controlled and survival, growth, and reproduction of three maternal plant genotypes [uninfected plants (E-), infected plants with high levels of ergot alkaloids (E+A+), and infected plants with no alkaloids (E+A-)] were monitored over three growing seasons. Generally, E+A+ plants had reduced growth over the three growing seasons and lower seed production than E- or E+A- plants, suggesting a cost of alkaloid production. The reduction in vegetative biomass in E+A+ plants was most pronounced under supplemented water, contrary to the prediction that additional resources would offset the cost of alkaloid production. Also, E+A+ plants showed no advantage in growth, seed production, or reproductive effort under full herbivory relative to E- or E+A- grasses, contrary to the predictions of the defensive mutualism hypothesis. However, E+A+ plants had higher overwintering survival than E+A- plants in early plant ontogeny, suggesting that alkaloids associated with infection may protect against below ground herbivory or harsh winter conditions. Our results suggest that the mosaic of E-, E+A+, and E+A- plants observed in nature may result from varying biotic and abiotic selective factors that maintain the presence of uninfected plants and infected plants that vary in alkaloid production. C1 [Faeth, Stanley H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. [Hayes, Cinnamon J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Gardner, Dale R.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Faeth, SH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. EM shfaeth@uncg.edu FU NSF [DEB 0128343, 0613551, 0917741] FX We thank C. Bang, L. Beard, T. Bender, L. P. Bush, K. Chen, T. G. Faeth, M. R. Faeth, H. Gan, C. Hamilton, T. Hunt-Joshi, A. Jani, M. King, E. Manton, L. Morse, J. Navarro, S. Steele, M. Tseng, and S. Wittlinger for assistance in the lab and field. We thank Dr. Kris Haskins and the staff at The Arboretum of Flagstaff for their generous assistance and use of field facilities. This research was funded by NSF grants DEB 0128343, 0613551, and 0917741 to SHF. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 60 IS 3 BP 496 EP 504 DI 10.1007/s00248-010-9643-4 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 664OK UT WOS:000282971400003 PM 20195591 ER PT J AU Kempna, P Ricciarelli, R Azzi, A Zingg, JM AF Kempna, Petra Ricciarelli, Roberta Azzi, Angelo Zingg, Jean-Marc TI Alternative splicing and gene polymorphism of the human TAP3/SEC14L4 gene SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Sec14-like proteins; Tocopherol; Phospholipids; Vitamin E; Splicing; Polymorphism ID TOCOPHEROL-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; HUMAN SEC14P-LIKE PROTEINS; PROSTATE-CANCER; REDUCED EXPRESSION; VITAMIN-E; CHOLESTEROL-BIOSYNTHESIS; RETINITIS-PIGMENTOSA; IN-VITRO; ALPHA; BINDING AB Three closely related human SEC14p-like proteins (hTAP1, hTAP2, hTAP3, or SEC14L2, SEC14L3, SEC14L4, respectively) have been described that are related to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEC14 protein. These proteins may participate in intracellular lipid transport and influence regulatory lipid-dependent events. Here we report the isolation of an alternatively spliced hTAP3 cDNA and a polymorphism within the coding region of the hTAP3/SEC14L4 gene. C1 [Kempna, Petra] Univ Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat Endocrinol & Diabetol, Bern, Switzerland. [Ricciarelli, Roberta] Univ Genoa, Dept Expt Med, Genoa, Italy. [Azzi, Angelo; Zingg, Jean-Marc] Univ Bern, Inst Biochem & Mol Med, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Zingg, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Off 621, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Jean-Marc.Zingg@tufts.edu FU Swiss National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4851 J9 MOL BIOL REP JI Mol. Biol. Rep. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 37 IS 7 BP 3503 EP 3508 DI 10.1007/s11033-009-9943-2 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 652ES UT WOS:000281985400061 PM 20012369 ER PT J AU Ho, MH Saha, S Jenkins, JN Ma, DP AF Ho, Meng-Hsuan Saha, Sukumar Jenkins, Johnie N. Ma, Din-Pow TI Characterization and Promoter Analysis of a Cotton RING-Type Ubiquitin Ligase (E3) Gene SO MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cotton fiber; Gene expression; Gossypium hirsutum; RING-type ubiquitin ligase; Ubiquitination ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L; FIBER DEVELOPMENT; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LEAF MORPHOGENESIS; CELL ELONGATION; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; QUALITY; CLONING AB A cotton fiber cDNA, GhRING1, and its corresponding gene have been cloned and characterized. The GhRING1 gene encodes a RING-type ubiquitin ligase (E3) containing 338 amino acids (aa). The GhRING1 protein contains a RING finger motif with conserved cysteine and histine residues at the C-terminus, and is classified as a C(3)H(2)C(3)-type RING protein. Blast searches show that GhRING1 has the highest homology to At3g19950, a zinc finger family protein from Arabidopsis. Real time RT-PCR analysis indicates that the GhRING1 gene is expressed in cotton fibers in a developmental manner. The transcript level of GhRING1 gene reaches a maximum in elongating fibers at 15 days post-anthesis (DPA). In vitro auto-ubiquitination assays using wheat germ extract and a reconstitution system demonstrate that GhRING1 has the ubiquitin E3 ligase activity. The histochemical GUS assay was performed to analyze tissue specificity of the GhRING1 and At3g19950 promoters in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The GUS assay shows that the promoter of At3g19950 is highly activated in leaves, roots, trichomes, and also in anthers and stigma of flowers. In contrast, the GUS expression directed by the GhRING1 promoter is only located at stipules and anthers. The expression pattern of GhRING1 suggests that protein ubiquitination and turnover may be involved in transition to different stages of cotton fiber development. C1 [Ho, Meng-Hsuan; Ma, Din-Pow] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Saha, Sukumar; Jenkins, Johnie N.] ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Saha, Sukumar; Jenkins, Johnie N.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Ma, DP (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Box 9650, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mh277@msstate.edu; Sukumar.Saha@ars.usda.gov; Johnie.Jenkins@ars.usda.gov; dm1@ra.msstate.edu FU Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES) FX We thank Dr. Martin Wubben for providing technical assistance in using the Nikon SMZ1000 Stereomicroscope. This study was supported by Special Research Initiative (SRI) grants from Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), approved for publication as Journal Article No. J-11733 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1073-6085 J9 MOL BIOTECHNOL JI Mol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 46 IS 2 BP 140 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s12033-010-9280-7 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 644RP UT WOS:000281397500006 PM 20376576 ER PT J AU Chen, MH Fjellstrom, RG Christensen, EF Bergman, CJ AF Chen, Ming-Hsuan Fjellstrom, Robert G. Christensen, Eric F. Bergman, Christine J. TI Development of three allele-specific codominant rice Waxy gene PCR markers suitable for marker-assisted selection of amylose content and paste viscosity SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE SNP; SNP markers; Waxy gene; AS-PCR; Rice; Oryza sativa; Amylose; Paste viscosity ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; GERMPLASM COLLECTION; AMPLIFICATION; DNA; ASSOCIATIONS; HAPLOTYPES AB Four Waxy haplotypes, previously identified as each having a different combination of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Waxy gene, were highly correlated with apparent amylose content and pasting properties, which are important grain quality traits for predicting cooked rice (Oryza sativa L.) texture and processing properties (Chen et al. in J Cereal Sci 47:536-545, 2008a; Chen et al. in J Cereal Sci 48:781-788, 2008b). Three allele-specific PCR markers were developed to genotype the three aforementioned functional SNPs in a single PCR amplification. Each marker contained two allele-specific primers and one common primer. For each marker, the two allele-specific primers differed by one base at the 3'-end to provide discrimination of SNP alleles, and were labeled with unique fluorescence probes. An additional mismatched base, the third base from the 3'-end, was inserted in some allele-specific primers to increase selectivity. The amplification step of the PCR thermal cycling program was initially set for 20x touch-down cycles with the annealing temperature of the first cycle approximately 6A degrees C above the thermal melting temperature of all three primers at a touch-down rate of -0.3A degrees C per cycle, and followed by 25x regular thermal cycles with the annealing temperature at their thermal melting temperature. The allelic genotypes for each SNP were distinguished from each other by both their differential primer-allele fluorescences and their amplification product lengths. The simplicity of these assays makes it easy to utilize these markers as part of a marker-assisted selection strategy in rice breeding programs selecting for these important grain quality traits. C1 [Chen, Ming-Hsuan; Christensen, Eric F.] ARS, Rice Res Unit, USDA, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. [Fjellstrom, Robert G.] ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Bergman, Christine J.] Univ Nevada, Dept Food & Beverage, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Chen, MH (reprint author), ARS, Rice Res Unit, USDA, 1509 Aggie Dr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. EM ming.chen@ars.usda.gov FU USA Rice Federation; US Rice Producers Association FX This research was partially funded by the USA Rice Federation and US Rice Producers Association. We thank Jason Bonnette for the DNA extraction. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 513 EP 523 DI 10.1007/s11032-010-9419-z PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 657QE UT WOS:000282426600011 ER PT J AU Landguth, EL Cushman, SA Schwartz, MK McKelvey, KS Murphy, M Luikart, G AF Landguth, E. L. Cushman, S. A. Schwartz, M. K. McKelvey, K. S. Murphy, M. Luikart, G. TI Quantifying the lag time to detect barriers in landscape genetics SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; connectivity; conservation genetics; gene flow; habitat fragmentation; landscape modelling; power analysis; resistance surfaces; spatial analysis ID ROE DEER POPULATION; DIFFERENTIATION; CONNECTIVITY; DISTANCE; FLOW; FRAGMENTATION; DISPERSAL; RESISTANCE; FEATURES; ECOLOGY AB Understanding how spatial genetic patterns respond to landscape change is crucial for advancing the emerging field of landscape genetics. We quantified the number of generations for new landscape barrier signatures to become detectable and for old signatures to disappear after barrier removal. We used spatially explicit, individual-based simulations to examine the ability of an individual-based statistic [Mantel's r using the proportion of shared alleles' statistic (Dps)] and population-based statistic (F(ST)) to detect barriers. We simulated a range of movement strategies including nearest neighbour dispersal, long-distance dispersal and panmixia. The lag time for the signal of a new barrier to become established is short using Mantel's r (1-15 generations). F(ST) required approximately 200 generations to reach 50% of its equilibrium maximum, although G'(ST) performed much like Mantel's r. In strong contrast, F(ST) and Mantel's r perform similarly following the removal of a barrier formerly dividing a population. Also, given neighbour mating and very short-distance dispersal strategies, historical discontinuities from more than 100 generations ago might still be detectable with either method. This suggests that historical events and landscapes could have long-term effects that confound inferences about the impacts of current landscape features on gene flow for species with very little long-distance dispersal. Nonetheless, populations of organisms with relatively large dispersal distances will lose the signal of a former barrier within less than 15 generations, suggesting that individual-based landscape genetic approaches can improve our ability to measure effects of existing landscape features on genetic structure and connectivity. C1 [Landguth, E. L.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Landguth, E. L.; Cushman, S. A.; Schwartz, M. K.; McKelvey, K. S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Murphy, M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Luikart, G.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Div Biol Sci, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Luikart, G.] Univ Porto CIBIO UP, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, P-4485661 Vairao, Portugal. RP Landguth, EL (reprint author), Univ Montana, Math Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM erin.landguth@mso.umt.edu RI Murphy, Melanie/D-2605-2009; Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014; OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367; Luikart, Gordon/0000-0001-8697-0582 FU Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; National Science Foundation [DGE-0504628]; Presidential Early Career Award in Science and Engineering; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB 074218]; Walton Family Foundation; CIBIO-UP; Portuguese Science Foundation [PTDC/BIA-BDE/65625/2006, PTDC/CVT/69438/2006] FX This research was supported in part by funds provided by the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture and by the National Science Foundation grant #DGE-0504628. M.K.S. and S.A.C. were supported in part by a Presidential Early Career Award in Science and Engineering. G. L. was partially supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF; Grant DEB 074218), the Walton Family Foundation, CIBIO-UP, and grants from the Portuguese Science Foundation (PTDC/BIA-BDE/65625/2006; PTDC/CVT/69438/2006). NR 57 TC 153 Z9 154 U1 11 U2 116 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 19 IS 19 BP 4179 EP 4191 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04808.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 654PM UT WOS:000282180500010 PM 20819159 ER PT J AU Zeng, QA Ibekwe, AM Biddle, E Yang, CH AF Zeng, Quan Ibekwe, A. Mark Biddle, Eulandria Yang, Ching-Hong TI Regulatory Mechanisms of Exoribonuclease PNPase and Regulatory Small RNA on T3SS of Dickeya dadantii SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID III SECRETION SYSTEM; POLYNUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHORYLASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MESSENGER-RNA; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; VIRULENCE FACTORS; GENE-EXPRESSION AB The type III secretion system (T3SS) is an essential virulence factor for many bacterial pathogens. Polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) is one of the major exoribonucleases in bacteria and plays important roles in mRNA degradation, tRNA processing, and small RNA (sRNA) turnover. In this study, we showed that PNPase downregulates the transcription of T3SS structural and effector genes of the phytopathogenic bacterium Dickeya dadantii. This negative regulation of T3SS by PNPase occurs by repressing the expression of hrpL, encoding a master regulator of T3SS in D. dadantii. By reducing rpoN mRNA stability, PNPase downregulates the transcription of hrpL, which leads to a reduction in T3SS gene expression. Moreover, we have found that PNPase downregulates T3SS by decreasing hrpL mRNA stability. RsmB, a regulatory sRNA, enhances hrpL mRNA stability in D. dadantii. Our results suggest that PNPase decreases the amount of functional RsmB transcripts that could result in reduction of hrpL mRNA stability. In addition, bistable gene expression (differential expression of a single gene that creates two distinct sub-populations) of hrpA, hrpN, and dspE was observed in D. dadantii under in vitro conditions. Although PNPase regulates the proportion of cells in the high state and the low state of T3SS gene expression, it appears that PNPase is not the key switch that triggers the bistable expression patterns of T3SS genes. C1 [Ibekwe, A. Mark] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Zeng, Quan; Biddle, Eulandria; Yang, Ching-Hong] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. RP Yang, CH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM chyang@uwm.edu FU National Science Foundation [EF-0332163]; Research Growth Initiative of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee FX This work is dedicated to Noel T. Keen. We thank N. Perna of the University of Wisconsin for providing access to the annotated D. dadantii gename sequences, D. A. Steeber for a technique support on flow cytometry, and M. L. P. Collin and M. J. McBride for critical discussions and reading of the manuscript. This project is supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (award no. EF-0332163), and the Research Growth Initiative of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 23 IS 10 BP 1345 EP 1355 DI 10.1094/MPMI-03-10-0063 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 651XW UT WOS:000281961900012 PM 20831411 ER PT J AU Moses, LM Marasas, WFO Vismer, HF De Vos, L Rheeder, JP Proctor, RH Wingfield, BD AF Moses, Lorraine M. Marasas, Walter F. O. Vismer, Hester F. De Vos, Lieschen Rheeder, John P. Proctor, Robert H. Wingfield, Brenda D. TI Molecular Characterization of Fusarium globosum Strains from South African Maize and Japanese Wheat SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Fusarium globosum; Reproduction; Genetic variation; Fumonisins ID FUJIKUROI SPECIES COMPLEX; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; FUMONISIN BIOSYNTHESIS; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; FEMALE FERTILITY; AFLP ANALYSIS; GENE-CLUSTER; VERTICILLIOIDES; CORN AB The fungus Fusarium globosum was first isolated from maize in South Africa and subsequently from wheat in Japan. Here, multiple analyses revealed that, despite morphological similarities, South African maize and Japanese wheat isolates of the fungus exhibit multiple differences. An amplified fragment length polymorphism-based similarity index for the two groups of isolates was only 45%. Most maize isolates produced relatively high levels of fumonisins, whereas wheat isolates produced little or no fumonisins. The fumonisin biosynthetic gene FUM1 was detected in maize isolates by Southern blot analysis but not in the wheat isolates. In addition, most of the maize isolates produced sclerotia, and all of them produced large orange to dark purple sporodochia in carrot agar culture, whereas wheat isolates did not produce either structure. In contrast, individual isolates from both maize and wheat carried markers for both mating type idiomorphs, which indicates that the fungus may be homothallic. However, a sexual stage of F. globosum was not formed under standard self-fertilization conditions developed for other homothallic species of Fusarium. The inability to produce the sexual stage is consistent with the high similarity of 87-100% and G (ST) index of 1.72 for the maize isolates, which suggests that these isolates are undergoing asexual but not sexual reproduction. Together, the results suggest that the South African maize and Japanese wheat isolates of F. globosum are distinct populations and could be different species. C1 [Moses, Lorraine M.; Marasas, Walter F. O.; Vismer, Hester F.; Rheeder, John P.] MRC, PROMEC Unit, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. [Moses, Lorraine M.; De Vos, Lieschen; Wingfield, Brenda D.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Genet, Forestry & Agr Biotechnol Inst, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Proctor, Robert H.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Moses, LM (reprint author), MRC, PROMEC Unit, POB 19070, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. EM lorraine.moses@mrc.ac.za RI Wingfield, Brenda/B-1376-2008 OI Wingfield, Brenda/0000-0002-6189-1519 NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X EI 1573-0832 J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD OCT PY 2010 VL 170 IS 4 BP 237 EP 249 DI 10.1007/s11046-010-9318-1 PG 13 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 648DH UT WOS:000281670100005 PM 20495873 ER PT J AU Harris, RA Wang, T Coarfa, C Nagarajan, RP Hong, CB Downey, SL Johnson, BE Fouse, SD Delaney, A Zhao, YJ Olshen, A Ballinger, T Zhou, X Forsberg, KJ Gu, JC Echipare, L O'Geen, H Lister, R Pelizzola, M Xi, YX Epstein, CB Bernstein, BE Hawkins, RD Ren, B Chung, WY Gu, HC Bock, C Gnirke, A Zhang, MQ Haussler, D Ecker, JR Li, W Farnham, PJ Waterland, RA Meissner, A Marra, MA Hirst, M Milosavljevic, A Costello, JF AF Harris, R. Alan Wang, Ting Coarfa, Cristian Nagarajan, Raman P. Hong, Chibo Downey, Sara L. Johnson, Brett E. Fouse, Shaun D. Delaney, Allen Zhao, Yongjun Olshen, Adam Ballinger, Tracy Zhou, Xin Forsberg, Kevin J. Gu, Junchen Echipare, Lorigail O'Geen, Henriette Lister, Ryan Pelizzola, Mattia Xi, Yuanxin Epstein, Charles B. Bernstein, Bradley E. Hawkins, R. David Ren, Bing Chung, Wen-Yu Gu, Hongcang Bock, Christoph Gnirke, Andreas Zhang, Michael Q. Haussler, David Ecker, Joseph R. Li, Wei Farnham, Peggy J. Waterland, Robert A. Meissner, Alexander Marra, Marco A. Hirst, Martin Milosavljevic, Aleksandar Costello, Joseph F. TI Comparison of sequencing-based methods to profile DNA methylation and identification of monoallelic epigenetic modifications SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; HUMAN GENOME; IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; GENES; 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; CONVERSION; RESOLUTION AB Analysis of DNA methylation patterns relies increasingly on sequencing-based profiling methods. The four most frequently used sequencing-based technologies are the bisulfite-based methods MethylC-seq and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS), and the enrichment-based techniques methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-seq) and methylated DNA binding domain sequencing (MBD-seq). We applied all four methods to biological replicates of human embryonic stem cells to assess their genome-wide CpG coverage, resolution, cost, concordance and the influence of CpG density and genomic context. The methylation levels assessed by the two bisulfite methods were concordant ( their difference did not exceed a given threshold) for 82% for CpGs and 99% of the non-CpG cytosines. Using binary methylation calls, the two enrichment methods were 99% concordant and regions assessed by all four methods were 97% concordant. We combined MeDIP-seq with methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme (MRE-seq) sequencing for comprehensive methylome coverage at lower cost. This, along with RNA-seq and ChIP-seq of the ES cells enabled us to detect regions with allele-specific epigenetic states, identifying most known imprinted regions and new loci with monoallelic epigenetic marks and monoallelic expression. C1 [Nagarajan, Raman P.; Hong, Chibo; Downey, Sara L.; Johnson, Brett E.; Fouse, Shaun D.; Olshen, Adam; Costello, Joseph F.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurosurg, Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Helen Diller Family Comprehens Canc Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Harris, R. Alan; Coarfa, Cristian; Waterland, Robert A.; Milosavljevic, Aleksandar] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Wang, Ting; Zhou, Xin; Forsberg, Kevin J.; Gu, Junchen] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Ctr Genome Sci & Syst Biol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Delaney, Allen; Zhao, Yongjun; Marra, Marco A.; Hirst, Martin] BC Canc Agcy, Genome Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Ballinger, Tracy; Haussler, David] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Echipare, Lorigail; O'Geen, Henriette; Farnham, Peggy J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pharmacol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Echipare, Lorigail; O'Geen, Henriette; Farnham, Peggy J.] Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lister, Ryan; Pelizzola, Mattia; Ecker, Joseph R.] Salk Inst Biol Studies, Genom Anal Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Xi, Yuanxin; Li, Wei] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Dan L Duncan Canc Ctr, Div Biostat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Epstein, Charles B.; Bernstein, Bradley E.; Gu, Hongcang; Bock, Christoph; Gnirke, Andreas; Meissner, Alexander] Harvard & MIT, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA USA. [Bernstein, Bradley E.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Bernstein, Bradley E.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Bernstein, Bradley E.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Canc Res, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Hawkins, R. David; Ren, Bing] Univ Calif San Diego, Ludwig Inst Canc Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ren, Bing] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Chung, Wen-Yu; Zhang, Michael Q.] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Chung, Wen-Yu; Zhang, Michael Q.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Ctr Syst Biol, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. [Bock, Christoph; Meissner, Alexander] Harvard Univ, Dept Stem Cell & Regenerat Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bock, Christoph; Meissner, Alexander] Harvard Stem Cell Inst, Cambridge, MA USA. [Bock, Christoph] Max Planck Inst Informat, Saarbrucken, Germany. [Waterland, Robert A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Costello, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurosurg, Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Helen Diller Family Comprehens Canc Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM jcostello@cc.ucsf.edu RI Bock, Christoph/B-6723-2008; Lister, Ryan/B-5168-2012; Ecker, Joseph/B-9144-2008; Tang, Macy/B-9798-2014; Hirst, Martin/B-7684-2016; Marra, Marco/B-5987-2008 OI Bock, Christoph/0000-0001-6091-3088; Lister, Ryan/0000-0001-6637-7239; Pelizzola, Mattia/0000-0001-6672-9636; Gu, Junchen/0000-0002-0928-7453; Farnham, Peggy/0000-0003-4469-7914; Ecker, Joseph/0000-0001-5799-5895; FU National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); NIH [5U01ES017154-02, 5U01DA025956-02, 6U01ES017155-02, 5U01ES017166-02, T32 CA108462-04, F32CA141799, T32 CA108462-06, T32 GM008568]; CIRM [TB1-01190] FX We would like to thank the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) Roadmap Epigenomics Program; sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). J.F.C. and M. H. are supported by NIH grant 5U01ES017154-02. A. Milosavljevic is supported by NIH grant 5U01DA025956-02. A. Meissner and B. E. B. are supported by NIH grant 6U01ES017155-02. J.R.E. and B. R. are supported by NIH grant 5U01ES017166-02. R.P.N. was supported by NIH T32 CA108462-04 and F32CA141799. S. L. D. was supported by CIRM TB1-01190. S. D. F. was supported by NIH T32 CA108462-06. B.E.J. was supported by NIH T32 GM008568. M. A. M. is a Terry Fox Young Investigator and a Michael Smith Senior Research Scholar. We thank Z. Zhang and H. Li for modifying the ZOOM algorithm for bisulfite alignments. NR 44 TC 313 Z9 319 U1 5 U2 76 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 EI 1546-1696 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1097 EP U194 DI 10.1038/nbt.1682 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 663GF UT WOS:000282870500032 PM 20852635 ER PT J AU Giovannoni, J AF Giovannoni, James TI Harvesting the apple genome SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID FLESHY FRUIT; GENE C1 [Giovannoni, James] ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. [Giovannoni, James] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Giovannoni, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. EM jjg3@cornell.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 42 IS 10 BP 822 EP 823 DI 10.1038/ng1010-822 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 655UO UT WOS:000282276600009 PM 20877322 ER PT J AU Shea-Donohue, T Notari, L Stiltz, J Sun, R Madden, KB Urban, JF Zhao, A AF Shea-Donohue, T. Notari, L. Stiltz, J. Sun, R. Madden, K. B. Urban, J. F., Jr. Zhao, A. TI Role of enteric nerves in immune-mediated changes in protease-activated receptor 2 effects on gut function SO NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY LA English DT Article DE epithelial cell; IL-13; IL-4; nematode infection; PAR(2); smooth muscle ID EPITHELIAL-CELL FUNCTION; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS INFECTION; IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; MURINE SMALL-INTESTINE; MAST-CELL; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; PARACELLULAR PERMEABILITY; MYENTERIC NEURONS AB Background Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are expressed on structural and immune cells. Control of initiation, duration, and magnitude of PAR effects is linked to the level of receptor expression, availability of proteases, and the intracellular signal transduction machinery. We investigated nematode infection-induced changes in PAR(2) expression and the impact on smooth muscle and epithelial responses to PAR(2) agonists. Methods Smooth muscle and epithelial cell function were assessed in wild-type, and IL-4, IL-13 or STAT6 gene-deficient mice following treatment with vehicle, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or Heligmosomoides polygyrus, or IL-13. The role of enteric nerves was determined using tetrodotoxin to block nerve conduction. Expression of PAR(2) was assessed by real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Key Results Nematode infection induced a STAT6- and IL-13-dependent up-regulation of PAR(2) mRNA expression. The infection-induced hypercontractility to PAR(2) agonists required STAT6/IL-13 and was neurally mediated. In contrast, the infection-induced decrease in epithelial secretion to PAR(2) agonists was partly dependent on STAT6 and independent of enteric nerves. The hyposecretion was correlated with decreased PAR(2) immunofluorescent staining on the apical surface of epithelial cells, but enhanced lamina propria immunostaining for PAR(2). Conclusions & Inferences This is the first study to demonstrate an immune regulation of PAR(2) expression that impacts both smooth muscle and epithelial cell responses to PAR(2) agonists. Differences in responses between smooth muscle and epithelial cells are related to the contribution of enteric nerves. These data provide a mechanism by which activation of PAR(2) in immune-based pathologies can induce both transient and long-lasting changes in gut function. C1 [Shea-Donohue, T.; Notari, L.; Stiltz, J.; Sun, R.; Zhao, A.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Shea-Donohue, T.; Notari, L.; Stiltz, J.; Sun, R.; Zhao, A.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Madden, K. B.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Urban, J. F., Jr.] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Shea-Donohue, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, 20 Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM tdonohue@mbrc.umaryland.edu OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIH [RO1-AI/DK49316]; USDA CRIS [1235-51000-055] FX This work was supported by NIH grants RO1-AI/DK49316 (T.S.-D.), USDA CRIS project # 1235-51000-055 (J.F.U.). NR 53 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1350-1925 J9 NEUROGASTROENT MOTIL JI Neurogastroenterol. Motil. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1138 EP + DI 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01557.x PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 646PI UT WOS:000281554100016 PM 20626790 ER PT J AU Weeks, C Garling, D Barrows, FT Faisal, M AF Weeks, C. Garling, D. Barrows, F. T. Faisal, M. TI The Effect of Feeding Varying Levels of Soybean Meal in High-Nutrient-Density Diets on Growth Performance and Body Composition of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SALAR FED DIETS; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH-MEAL; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; TRYPSIN-INHIBITORS; PROTEIN-SOURCES; CARBOHYDRATE; REPLACEMENT; PRODUCTS AB Six experimental, high-nutrient-density (HND) diets containing practical ingredients (55% protein, 20% lipid) were fed to juvenile (initial weight [mean +/- SE] = 27.6 +/- 1.0 g) Atlantic salmon Salmo salar reared in freshwater for 12 weeks. The control diet was the open-formula Atlantic salmon diet MNR-98HS, which contained 0% soybean meal (SBM) and 30% fish meal (FM). Four experimental diets had 30% FM and soybean levels from 5% to 30%. Two additional diets contained a reduced level of FM (24%) and either 20% or 30% SBM. Weight gain (specific growth rate [SGR]), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), condition factor, trypsin activity, body composition, and hepatosomatic index were determined. No differences in SGR (1.88-1.94), FCR (0.78-0.82), PER (2.20-2.32), or trypsin activity were observed between treatments and the control diet. A negative linear response was observed between SBM content and either body lipid or fecal dry matter. Fish whole-body lipids decreased linearly from 22.0% to 12.9% between control and 30% SBM dietary groups. Results suggest that the use of HND diets may contribute to protein-sparing functions of Atlantic salmon by SBM carbohydrates; however, SBM inclusion may induce changes along metabolic pathways into muscle tissue. C1 [Weeks, C.; Garling, D.; Faisal, M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Barrows, F. T.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Faisal, M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Weeks, C (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM weekschr@msu.edu FU North Central Regional Aquaculture Center [97-38500-5008] FX We are grateful to Michigan State University students and staff for their contributions. We also thank Paul Brown from Purdue University, Steve Hart from the Indiana Soybean Alliance/Indiana Corn Marketing Council, and the staff of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources for their collaboration and contributions. This project was funded by the North Central Regional Aquaculture Center (Number 97-38500-5008). NR 41 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 72 IS 4 BP 279 EP 289 DI 10.1577/A09-040.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 679EF UT WOS:000284142300001 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK Bommer, JC Jori, G AF Schrader, Kevin K. Bommer, Jerry C. Jori, Giulio TI In Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Agent AquaFrin as a Bactericide and Selective Algicide for Use in Channel Catfish Aquaculture SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; FLAVOBACTERIUM-COLUMNARE; RAPID BIOASSAY; INFECTION; CHALYBEA; PONDS AB Producers of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in the southeastern United States can experience huge economic losses due to enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) and columnaris disease and to the presence of certain odor-producing cyanobacteria in production ponds that result in "off-flavor'' channel catfish. AquaFrin (lauryl methyl pyrifrin), a product currently being evaluated for commercial use, belongs to a class of porphyrins that have been shown to be very effective as antibacterial agents. As a preliminary step to assess the potential use of AquaFrin as a therapeutant against ESC and columnaris, we used a rapid bioassay to evaluate AquaFrin for antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri (etiological agent of ESC), two genotypes of the Gram-negative bacterium Flavobacterium columnare (etiological agent of columnaris disease), and the representative Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (American Type Culture Collection 29213) for comparison. In addition, we performed a bioassay-directed evaluation of AquaFrin for selective toxicity toward the musty cyanobacterium Planktothrix perornata. AquaFrin was found to possess antibacterial activity toward all tested bacteria and yielded the following minimal inhibitory concentration results: 0.5 mg/L for F. columnare isolate ALM-00-173, 1.0 mg/L for F. columnare isolate BioMed, 0.1 mg/L for S. aureus, and 9.8 mg/L for E. ictaluri. The range of 96-h 50% inhibition concentrations (0.07-0.2 mg/L) for AquaFrin toward P. perornata and the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum indicates strong potential for its use as a broad-spectrum algicide. C1 [Schrader, Kevin K.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Bommer, Jerry C.] Frontier Sci Inc, Logan, UT 84323 USA. [Jori, Giulio] Univ Padua, Dept Biol, I-35121 Padua, Italy. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kevin.schrader@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 72 IS 4 BP 304 EP 308 DI 10.1577/A09-076.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 679EF UT WOS:000284142300004 ER PT J AU Zhang, MP Wu, YH Lee, MK Liu, YH Rong, Y Santos, TS Wu, CC Xie, FM Nelson, RL Zhang, HB AF Zhang, Meiping Wu, Yen-Hsuan Lee, Mi-Kyung Liu, Yun-Hua Rong, Ying Santos, Teofila S. Wu, Chengcang Xie, Fangming Nelson, Randall L. Zhang, Hong-Bin TI Numbers of genes in the NBS and RLK families vary by more than four-fold within a plant species and are regulated by multiple factors SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; COPY NUMBER; FINGERPRINT ANALYSIS; JAPONICA RICE; HUMAN GENOME; RESISTANCE; EVOLUTION; DNA; ARABIDOPSIS; BACTERIAL AB Many genes exist in the form of families; however, little is known about their size variation, evolution and biology. Here, we present the size variation and evolution of the nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-encoding gene family and receptor-like kinase (RLK) gene family in Oryza, Glycine and Gossypium. The sizes of both families vary by numeral fold, not only among species, surprisingly, also within a species. The size variations of the gene families are shown to correlate with each other, indicating their interactions, and driven by natural selection, artificial selection and genome size variation, but likely not by polyploidization. The numbers of genes in the families in a polyploid species are similar to those of one of its diploid donors, suggesting that polyploidization plays little roles in the expansion of the gene families and that organisms tend not to maintain their 'surplus' genes in the course of evolution. Furthermore, it is found that the size variations of both gene families are associated with organisms' phylogeny, suggesting their roles in speciation and evolution. Since both selection and speciation act on organism's morphological, physiological and biological variation, our results indicate that the variation of gene family size provides a source of genetic variation and evolution. C1 [Zhang, Meiping; Wu, Yen-Hsuan; Lee, Mi-Kyung; Liu, Yun-Hua; Rong, Ying; Santos, Teofila S.; Wu, Chengcang; Zhang, Hong-Bin] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zhang, Meiping] Jilin Agr Univ, Coll Life Sci, Changchun 130118, Jilin, Peoples R China. [Xie, Fangming] Int Rice Res Inst, Manila, Philippines. [Nelson, Randall L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA Agr Res Serv, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Zhang, HB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM hbz7049@tamu.edu FU [203232-85360] FX Funding for open access charge: Research grant (203232-85360 to H.-B.Z.). NR 57 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 38 IS 19 BP 6513 EP 6525 DI 10.1093/nar/gkq524 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 673SA UT WOS:000283682100024 PM 20542917 ER PT J AU Junyent, M Tucker, KL Smith, CE Lane, JM Mattei, J Lai, CQ Parnell, LD Ordovas, JM AF Junyent, M. Tucker, K. L. Smith, C. E. Lane, J. M. Mattei, J. Lai, C. Q. Parnell, L. D. Ordovas, J. M. TI The effects of ABCG5/G8 polymorphisms on HDL-cholesterol concentrations depend on ABCA1 genetic variants in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study SO NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES LA English DT Article DE ATP-binding cassette transporters; HDL cholesterol; Gene-gene interaction; Pathway; Reverse cholesterol transport ID LIVER-X-RECEPTOR; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; IN-VIVO; TRANSGENIC MICE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ABCG8; METABOLISM; ACTIVATION; TRANSPORT; DISEASE AB Background and aims: ATP-binding cassette transporters G5/G8 (ABCG5/G8) are associated with HDL-C concentrations. To assess whether the effect of ABCG5/G8 genetic variants on HDL-C concentrations is dependent on ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 (ABCA1), we studied potential interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at ABCG5/G8 (i7892 T > C, 5U145A > C, T54CA > G, T400KC > A) and ABCA1 (i27943 G > A, i48168 G > A, K219RG > A, i125970 G > C, 3U8995A > G) genes with HDL-C concentrations. Methods and results: ABCG5/G8 and ABCA1 SNPs were genotyped in 788 subjects (228 men and 560 women) who participated in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Biochemical measurements were determined by standard procedures. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan (R) assays according to routine laboratory protocols. Significant gene-gene interactions for HDL-C were found between ABCG8 (5U145A > C, T54CA > G, T400KC > A) SNPs and ABCA1_i48168 G > A genetic variant (P = 0.009, P = 0.042 and P = 0.036, respectively), in which carriers of the 5U145C and 54C alleles, and homozygotes for the 1400 allele at ABCG8 genetic variants displayed lower HDL-C concentrations than homozygotes for the 5U145A and 154 alleles, and heterozygotes for the 400 K allele at ABCG8 SNPs, only if they were also homozygous for the minor allele (A) at the aforementioned ABCA1 SNP. Conclusions: The gene-gene interactions reported in the present study support the hypothesis that the effect of ABCG5/G8 genetic variants on HDL-C concentrations is dependent on ABCA1 expression. Replication of these analyses to further populations, particularly with low HDL-C, is clearly warranted. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Junyent, M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Junyent, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Sch Med, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mireia.junyent@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; Mattei, Josiemer/H-1800-2016; OI Mattei, Josiemer/0000-0001-5424-8245; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NIH Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [U 01 HL72524, HL-54776, DK075030]; US Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]; Fulbright-Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [2007-1086]; [T32DK00765119] FX This work was supported by NIH Heart, Lung and Blood Institute grant U 01 HL72524, Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triglycerides, grants HL-54776 and DK075030, and by contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service. MJ is supported by a grant from the Fulbright-Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (reference 2007-1086). CS is supported by the grant T32DK00765119. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0939-4753 J9 NUTR METAB CARDIOVAS JI Nutr. Metab. Carbiovasc. Dis. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 20 IS 8 BP 558 EP 566 DI 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.05.005 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 705LC UT WOS:000286128900002 PM 19692220 ER PT J AU Peterson, J Dwyer, J Adlercreutz, H Scalbert, A Jacques, P McCullough, ML AF Peterson, Julia Dwyer, Johanna Adlercreutz, Herman Scalbert, Augustin Jacques, Paul McCullough, Marjorie L. TI Dietary lignans: physiology and potential for cardiovascular disease risk reduction SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE cardiovascular disease; lignans; review ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; BREAST-CANCER RISK; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; SECOISOLARICIRESINOL DIGLUCOSIDE OLIGOMERS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SERUM ENTEROLACTONE CONCENTRATION; HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; HUMAN INTESTINAL BACTERIA; RECEPTOR-DEFICIENT MICE AB The present review of the literature on lignan physiology and lignan intervention and epidemiological studies was conducted to determine if lignans decrease the risks of cardiovascular disease in Western populations. Five intervention studies using flaxseed lignan supplements indicated beneficial associations with C-reactive protein, and a meta-analysis that included these studies also suggested lignans have a lowering effect on plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Three intervention studies using sesamin supplements indicated possible lipid- and blood pressure-lowering associations. Eleven human observational epidemiological studies examined dietary intakes of lignans in relation to cardiovascular disease risk. Five showed decreased risk with either increasing dietary intakes of lignans or increased levels of serum enterolactone (an enterolignan used as a biomarker of lignan intake), five studies were of borderline significance, and one was null. The associations between lignans and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease are promising, but they are yet not well established, perhaps due to low lignan intakes in habitual Western diets. At the higher doses used in intervention studies, associations were more evident. C1 [Dwyer, Johanna] Tufts Med Ctr, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Peterson, Julia; Dwyer, Johanna; Jacques, Paul] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Peterson, Julia; Dwyer, Johanna; Jacques, Paul] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Adlercreutz, Herman] Univ Helsinki, Inst Prevent Med Nutr & Canc, Folkhalsan Res Ctr, Biomedicum, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Adlercreutz, Herman] Univ Helsinki, Div Clin Chem, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Scalbert, Augustin] INRA, Ctr Rech Clermont Ferrand Theix, Unite Nutr Humaine, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle, France. [McCullough, Marjorie L.] Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol Res Program, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Dwyer, J (reprint author), Tufts Med Ctr, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, 800 Washington St,Box 783, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jdwyer1@tuftsmedicalcenter.org OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2006-35200-17259]; USDA, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; NIH National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [R21HL087217] FX Funding and support. This work was supported in part with resources from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service grant #2006-35200-17259, the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, under agreement no. 58-1950-7-707, and NIH National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute grant R21HL087217. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 203 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 9 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 68 IS 10 BP 571 EP 603 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00319.x PG 33 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 656GU UT WOS:000282317200001 PM 20883417 ER PT J AU Burgmaier, M Sen, S Philip, F Wilson, CR Miller, CC Young, ME Taegtmeyer, H AF Burgmaier, Mathias Sen, Shiraj Philip, Femi Wilson, Christopher R. Miller, Charles C., III Young, Martin E. Taegtmeyer, Heinrich TI Metabolic Adaptation Follows Contractile Dysfunction in the Heart of Obese Zucker Rats Fed a High-Fat "Western" Diet SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; STEAROYL-COA DESATURASE-1; ACID OXIDATION; GLUCOSE-OXIDATION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEIN-KINASE; DISEASED HEART; PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE; MUTATION AB The normal heart responds to changes in its metabolic milieu by changing relative oxidation rates of energy-providing substrates. We hypothesized that this flexibility is lost when genetically obese rats are fed a high-caloric, high-fat "Western" diet (WD). Male Zucker obese (ZO) and Zucker lean (ZL) rats were fed either control or WD composed of 10 kcal% and 45 kcal% fat, respectively, for 7 or 28 days. Cardiac triglycerides and mRNA transcript levels were measured in situ. Substrate oxidation rates and cardiac power were measured ex vivo. Hearts from ZO rats fed WD for 7 days showed decreased cardiac power and increased cardiac triglyceride content, but no change in oleate oxidation rates or mRNA transcript levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4), uncoupling protein-3 (UCP-3), and mitochondrial (MTE-1) and cytosolic thioesterase-1(CTE-1). When fed WD for 28 days, ZO rats showed no further decrease in cardiac power and no further increase in intramyocardial triglyceride levels compared to ZO rats fed the same diet for 7 days only, but did show significantly increased oleate oxidation rates and transcript levels of CTE-1, MTE-1, PDK-4, and UCP-3. In contrast, hearts from ZL rats fed WD showed increased rates of oleate oxidation and increased transcript levels of the fatty acid responsive genes investigated, and no further deterioration of contractile function. We conclude that exposing a genetic model of obesity to the nutrient stress of WD results in an early reversible loss of metabolic flexibility of the heart that is accompanied by contractile dysfunction. C1 [Burgmaier, Mathias; Sen, Shiraj; Philip, Femi; Wilson, Christopher R.; Taegtmeyer, Heinrich] Univ Texas Houston, Dept Internal Med, Div Cardiol, Sch Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Miller, Charles C., III] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Med, Dept Cardiothorac & Vasc Surg, Houston, TX USA. [Young, Martin E.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Taegtmeyer, H (reprint author), Univ Texas Houston, Dept Internal Med, Div Cardiol, Sch Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Heinrich.Taegtmeyer@uth.tmc.edu FU US Public Health Service [R01 HL73162]; Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes FX This work was supported in part by a grant from the US Public Health Service (R01 HL73162) to H. T. and by a scholarship from the Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes to M. B. We thank Roxy A. Tate for editorial assistance, and Patrick H. Guthrie and Rebecca Salazar for technical help. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD OCT PY 2010 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1895 EP 1901 DI 10.1038/oby.2009.500 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 654KI UT WOS:000282166800004 PM 20111021 ER PT J AU Strissel, KJ DeFuria, J Shaul, ME Bennett, G Greenberg, AS Obin, MS AF Strissel, Katherine J. DeFuria, Jason Shaul, Merav E. Bennett, Grace Greenberg, Andrew S. Obin, Martin S. TI T-Cell Recruitment and Th1 Polarization in Adipose Tissue During Diet-Induced Obesity in C57BL/6 Mice SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; INTERFERON-GAMMA; ADIPOCYTE DEATH; INFLAMMATION; FAT; INFILTRATION; MACROPHAGES; ACTIVATION; CYTOKINE; IMMUNITY AB The role of adaptive immunity in obesity-associated adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) is controversial. We employed flow cytometry and quantitative PCR to assess T-cell recruitment and activation in epididymal AT (eAT) of C57BL/6 mice during 4-22 weeks of a high-fat diet (HFD (60% energy)). By week 6, eAT mass and stromal vascular cell (SVC) number increased threefold in mice fed HFD, coincident with onset of IR. We observed no increase in the proportion of CD3(+) SVCs or in gene expression of CD3, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), or regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) during the first 16 weeks of HFD. In contrast, CD11c(+) macrophages (M Phi) were enriched sixfold by week 8 (P < 0.01). SVC enrichment for T cells (predominantly CD4(+) and CD8(+)) and elevated IFN-gamma and RANTES gene expression were detected by 20-22 weeks of HFD (P < 0.01), coincident with the resolution of eAT remodeling. HFD-induced T-cell priming earlier in the obesity time course is suggested by (i) elevated (fivefold) interleukin-12 (IL-12)p40 gene expression in eAT by week 12 (P <= 0.01) and (ii) greater IFN-gamma secretion from phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionophore-stimulated eAT explants at week 6 (onefold, P = 0.08) and week 12 (fivefold, P < 0.001). In conclusion, T-cell enrichment and IFN-gamma gene induction occur subsequent to AT macrophage (ATM Phi) recruitment, onset of IR and resolution of eAT remodeling. However, enhanced priming for IFN-gamma production suggests the contribution of CD4(+) and/or CD8(+) effectors to cell-mediated immune responses promoting HFD-induced AT inflammation and IR. C1 [Strissel, Katherine J.; DeFuria, Jason; Shaul, Merav E.; Bennett, Grace; Greenberg, Andrew S.; Obin, Martin S.] Tufts Univ, Obes & Metab Lab, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Obin, MS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Obes & Metab Lab, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.strissel@tufts.edu; martin.obin@tufts.edu FU NIH [1 RO1 DK074979-01A1, 5P30DK46200-14]; American Diabetes Association [1-06-RA-96]; USDA-ARS [58-1950-7-707] FX This work was supported by NIH grants 1 RO1 DK074979-01A1 (M.S.O.) and 5P30DK46200-14 (Boston Obesity and Nutrition Research Center), American Diabetes Association Research Award 1-06-RA-96 (M.S.O.) and USDA-ARS contract 58-1950-7-707. We thank the animal facility personnel for their expert assistance with animal husbandry. We like to thank our colleagues, in particular Gerald Denis, for their valuable comments on the manuscript. NR 37 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD OCT PY 2010 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1918 EP 1925 DI 10.1038/oby.2010.1 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 654KI UT WOS:000282166800008 PM 20111012 ER PT J AU Tussing-Humphreys, LM Nemeth, E Fantuzzi, G Freels, S Holterman, AXL Galvani, C Ayloo, S Vitello, J Braunschweig, C AF Tussing-Humphreys, Lisa M. Nemeth, Elizabeta Fantuzzi, Giamila Freels, Sally Holterman, Ai-xuan L. Galvani, Carlos Ayloo, Subhashini Vitello, Joseph Braunschweig, Carol TI Decreased Serum Hepcidin and Improved Functional Iron Status 6 Months After Restrictive Bariatric Surgery SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID REGULATORY HORMONE HEPCIDIN; DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN; PLASMA HEPCIDIN; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; OBESE CHILDREN; TMPRSS6 GENE; WEIGHT-LOSS; WOMEN; INFLAMMATION AB Excess adiposity is associated with low-grade inflammation and decreased iron status. Iron depletion in obesity is thought to be mediated by an inflammation-induced increase in the body's main regulator of iron homeostasis, hepcidin. Elevated hepcidin can result in iron depletion as it prevents the release of dietary iron absorbed into the enterocytes, limiting replenishment of body iron losses. Weight reduction is associated with decreased inflammation; however, the impact of reduced inflammation on iron status and systemic hepcidin in obese individuals remains unknown. We determined prospectively the impact of weight loss on iron status parameters, serum hepcidin, inflammation, and dietary iron in 20 obese premenopausal females 6 months after restrictive bariatric surgery. At baseline, the presence of iron depletion was high with 45% of the women having serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) > 28.1 nmol/l. Differences between baseline and 6 months after surgery for BMI (47.56 vs. 39.55kg/m(2); P < 0.0001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (10.83 vs. 5.71 mg/l; P < 0.0001), sTfR (29.97 vs. 23.08 nmol/l; P = 0.001), and serum hepcidin (111.25 vs. 31.35 ng/ml; P < 0.0001) were significantly lower, whereas hemoglobin (Hb) (12.10 vs. 13.30 g/dl; P < 0.0001) and hematocrit (Hct) (36.58 vs. 38.78%; P = 0.001) were significantly higher. Ferritin and transferrin saturation (Tsat) showed minimal improvement at follow-up. At baseline, hepcidin was not correlated with sTfR (r = 0.02); however, at follow-up, significant correlations were found (r = -0.58). Change in interleukin-6 (IL-6) from baseline was marginally associated with decreased log serum hepcidin (Delta IL-6: beta = -0.22; P = 0.15), whereas change in BMI or weight was not. No significant difference in dietary iron was noted after surgery. Weight loss in obese premenopausal women is associated with reduced serum hepcidin and inflammation. Reduction in inflammation and hepcidin likely allow for enhanced dietary iron absorption resulting in an improved functional iron profile. C1 [Fantuzzi, Giamila; Braunschweig, Carol] Univ Illinois, Dept Kinesiol & Nutr, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Tussing-Humphreys, Lisa M.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Nemeth, Elizabeta] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Freels, Sally] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL USA. [Holterman, Ai-xuan L.] Rush Univ, Dept Pediat Surg, Coll Med, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Galvani, Carlos; Ayloo, Subhashini; Vitello, Joseph] Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Chicago, IL USA. RP Braunschweig, C (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Kinesiol & Nutr, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. EM braunsch@uic.edu RI Fantuzzi, Giamila/A-1758-2009 OI Fantuzzi, Giamila/0000-0001-5334-0082 FU Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition at the University of Illinois at Chicago FX We acknowledge Karin Testa and Melissa Farb in aiding with data collection and analysis. Our responsibilities were as follows: L.M.T.-H., E.N., and C.A.B., design of the study; L.M.T.-H., C.G., J.V., S.A., data collection; L.M.T.-H., S.F., and C.A.B., data analysis; L.M.T.-H., C.A.B., E.N., and S.F., interpretation of the data; L.M.T.-H., writing of the manuscript draft; C.A.B., E.N., S.F., A.L.H., C.G., S.A., J.V., critical revision of the manuscript. This project was internally funded by the Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition at the University of Illinois at Chicago. E.N. is affiliated with Intrinsic LifeSciences, the company that assessed the serum samples for hepcidin. NR 40 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD OCT PY 2010 VL 18 IS 10 BP 2010 EP 2016 DI 10.1038/oby.2009.490 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 654KI UT WOS:000282166800022 PM 20075851 ER PT J AU Meinzer, FC McCulloh, KA Lachenbruch, B Woodruff, DR Johnson, DM AF Meinzer, Frederick C. McCulloh, Katherine A. Lachenbruch, Barbara Woodruff, David R. Johnson, Daniel M. TI The blind men and the elephant: the impact of context and scale in evaluating conflicts between plant hydraulic safety and efficiency SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Capacitance; Hydraulic architecture; Hydraulic conductivity; Xylem embolism; Xylem vulnerability ID FIR PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA TREES; TROPICAL FOREST TREES; PONDEROSA PINE TREES; DIFFUSE-POROUS TREES; STEM WATER STORAGE; XYLEM CAVITATION; DOUGLAS-FIR; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; MULTIPLE SCALES AB Given the fundamental importance of xylem safety and efficiency for plant survival and fitness, it is not surprising that these are among the most commonly studied features of hydraulic architecture. However, much remains to be learned about the nature and universality of conflicts between hydraulic safety and efficiency. Although selection for suites of hydraulic traits that confer adequate plant fitness under given conditions is likely to occur at the organismal level, most studies of hydraulic architecture have been confined to scales smaller than the whole plant, such as small-diameter branches and roots. Here we discuss the impact of the spatial and temporal contexts in which hydraulic traits are studied on the interpretation of their role in maintaining plant hydraulic function. We argue that further advances in understanding the ecological implications of different suites of plant hydraulic traits will be enhanced by adopting an integrated approach that considers variation in hydraulic traits throughout the entire plant, dynamic behavior of water transport, xylem tension and water transport efficiency in intact plants, alternate mechanisms that modulate hydraulic safety and efficiency, and alternate measures of hydraulic safety and safety margins. C1 [Meinzer, Frederick C.; Woodruff, David R.; Johnson, Daniel M.] USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McCulloh, Katherine A.; Lachenbruch, Barbara] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM fmeinzer@fs.fed.us RI Johnson, Daniel/E-6789-2011; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Johnson, Daniel/0000-0001-5890-3147; FU National Science Foundation [99-05012, 05-44470, 09-19871] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grants 99-05012, 05-44470 and 09-19871. NR 91 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD OCT PY 2010 VL 164 IS 2 BP 287 EP 296 DI 10.1007/s00442-010-1734-x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 650PB UT WOS:000281860700001 PM 20668883 ER PT J AU Thaxton, JM Cole, TC Cordell, S Cabin, RJ Sandquist, DR Litton, CM AF Thaxton, Jarrod M. Cole, T. Colleen Cordell, Susan Cabin, Robert J. Sandquist, Darren R. Litton, Creighton M. TI Native Species Regeneration Following Ungulate Exclusion and Nonnative Grass Removal in a Remnant Hawaiian Dry Forest SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEEDLING SURVIVAL; WATER; RESTORATION; GERMINATION; PATTERNS AB Hawaiian lowland dry forests have been reduced by >90% since first human contact. Restoration has focused on protection from fire and ungulates, and removal of invasive grasses as ways to stimulate native forest regeneration. Despite these efforts, natural regeneration of native plants has been infrequent. To assess effects of previous restoration treatments on natural regeneration, we monitored seed rain and dynamics of seedlings and juveniles for a period of 3 yr (2004-2007) within three restoration units within a remnant forest on the island of Hawai'i. All units had been protected from fire for many decades but differed in time since ungulate exclusion and grass removal. The units were as follows: (1) long-term restoration (fenced 1956, grass removal initiated 1995), (2) short-term restoration (fenced and grass removal initiated 1997), and (3) unmanaged (fenced 1997, no grass removal). Overall juvenile plant abundance was highest in the short-term unit, but native abundance was highest in the long-term unit. Native woody seedlings established in all units, but recruitment into larger size classes was restricted to units with grass removal, primarily the long-term unit. Native seed rain explained much of the variation in native seedling abundance between units with grass removal. Nonnative grass seed rain was extensive but was reduced by an order of magnitude with grass removal. This study suggests that natural regeneration may enhance restoration actions in sites with native canopy, but this is likely only when restoration activities have been maintained for several years to coincide with favorable rainfall conditions that are highly unpredictable over time. C1 [Thaxton, Jarrod M.; Cole, T. Colleen; Cordell, Susan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Thaxton, Jarrod M.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Cabin, Robert J.] Brevard Coll, Div Sci & Math, Brevard, NC 28712 USA. [Sandquist, Darren R.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. [Litton, Creighton M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Thaxton, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM jthaxton20@gmail.com RI Rinaldi2, Carlos/D-4479-2011 FU U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative [2002-00631] FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Forest Service and U.S. Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Grant 2002-00631 to R.J.C., S.C., and D.R.S. Manuscript accepted 24 December 2009. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 23 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 64 IS 4 BP 533 EP 544 DI 10.2984/64.4.533 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 658JW UT WOS:000282487300003 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Yabsley, MJ AF Dubey, J. P. Yabsley, M. J. TI Besnoitia neotomofelis n. sp. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) from the southern plains woodrat (Neotoma micropus) SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Besnoitia neotomofelis n. sp.; woodrat; cats; mice; schizonts; cell culture; USA ID OPOSSUM DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; CYCLIC TRANSMISSION; INFECTED CATTLE; TISSUE CYSTS; CATS; HAMSTERS; IMMUNITY; DIFFERENTIATION; BRADYZOITES AB Certain species of the protozoan genus Besnoitia cause clinical disease in livestock and wildlife. In the present paper a new species, Besnoitia neotomofelis is described from the southern planes woodrat (Neotoma micropus). The parasite was detected by bioassay of woodrat tissues in outbred Swiss Webster mice in an attempt to isolate Toxoplasma gondii. Initially, the organism was misdiagnosed as T. gondii because it was highly pathogenic for mice and its tachyzoites resembled T. gondii tachyzoites. Further studies revealed that it differed structurally and biologically from T. gondii. Tachyzoites were successfully cultivated and maintained in vitro in bovine monocytes and African green monkey kidney cells, and in vivo in mice. Non-dividing, uninucleate tachyzoites were approximately 1x5 mu m in size. Longitudinally-cut bradyzoites in tissue sections measured 1.5-1.6 x 7.7-9.3 mu m. Tissue cysts were microscopic, up to 210 mu m long, and were infective orally to mice. Cats fed tissue cysts shed unsporulated 13x14 mu m sized oocysts. All mice inoculated with B. neotomofelis died of acute besnoitiosis, irrespective of the dose, and Norwegian rats became infected but remained asymptomatic. Entero-epithelial stages (schizonts, gamonts) were found in cats fed tissue cysts. Large (up to 40x50 mu m) first-generation schizonts developed in the lamina propria of the small intestine of cats. A second generation of small sized (8 mu m) schizonts containing 4-8 merozoites was detected in enterocytes of the small intestine. Gamonts and oocysts were seen in goblet cells of the small intestinal epithelium. Tachyzoites were present in mesenteric lymph nodes of cats. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that B. neotomofelis was related to other Besnoitia species from rodents, rabbits, and opossums. Besnoitia neotomofelis is distinct from the 3 other species of Besnoitia, B. wallacei, B. darlingi and B. oryctofelisi that utilize cats as a definitive host. C1 [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, ANRI,APDL,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yabsley, M. J.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Yabsley, M. J.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, ANRI,APDL,BARC E, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD OCT PY 2010 VL 137 IS 12 BP 1731 EP 1747 DI 10.1017/S0031182010000636 PG 17 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 675AD UT WOS:000283794600002 PM 20561393 ER PT J AU Liang, T Song, WC Wang, LQ Kleinman, PJA Cao, HY AF Liang Tao Song Wen-Chong Wang Ling-Qing Kleinman, P. J. A. Cao Hong-Ying TI Interactions Between Exogenous Rare Earth Elements and Phosphorus Leaching in Packed Soil Columns SO PEDOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE extractable soil P; manure; mobility; translocation; vertical transport AB Rare earth elements (REEs) increasingly used in agriculture as an amendment for crop growth may help to lessen environmental losses of phosphorus (P) from heavily fertilized soils. The vertical transport characteristics of P and REEs, lanthanum (La), neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm), and cerium (Ce), were investigated with addition of exogenous REEs at various doses to packed soil columns (20 cm deep). Vertical transfers of REEs and P were relatively small, with transport depths less than 6 cm for most REEs and P. Export of applied REEs in leachate accounted for less that 5% of inputs. The addition of Ce, Nd and Sm to soil columns significantly decreased concentrations of extractable soil P up to a depth of 4 cm, with soil P concentrations unaffected at depths > 4 cm. In general, REEs had little effect on the vertical leaching of P in packed soil columns. C1 [Liang Tao; Song Wen-Chong; Wang Ling-Qing; Cao Hong-Ying] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Kleinman, P. J. A.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Liang, T (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM liangt@igsnrr.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40871225, 40571146]; Chinese Academy of Sciences FX Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40871225 and 40571146) and the Short-Term Visiting Program for Advanced Scholars, Chinese Academy of Sciences. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1002-0160 J9 PEDOSPHERE JI Pedosphere PD OCT PY 2010 VL 20 IS 5 BP 616 EP 622 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 670FW UT WOS:000283407600008 ER PT J AU Duke, SO Gressel, J AF Duke, Stephen O. Gressel, Jonathan TI Weed Genomics Advance: A Commentary SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID GLYPHOSATE RESISTANCE C1 [Duke, Stephen O.] ARS, USDA, Oxford, MS USA. [Gressel, Jonathan] Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Oxford, MS USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 66 IS 10 BP 1041 EP 1041 DI 10.1002/ps.1980 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 670UE UT WOS:000283452000001 PM 20836154 ER PT J AU Toews, MD Tubbs, RS Wann, DQ Sullivan, D AF Toews, Michael D. Tubbs, R. Scott Wann, Dylan Q. Sullivan, Dana TI Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) mitigation in seedling cotton using strip tillage and winter cover crops SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Frankliniella fusca; Frankliniella occidentalis; Frankliniella tritici; seed treatment; percentage ground cover; integrated pest management ID SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL-PLAIN; SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; FIBER PROPERTIES; SOIL COMPACTION; YIELD; NITROGEN; DAMAGE; MANAGEMENT; RESISTANCE AB BACKGROUND: Thrips are the most consistent insect pests of seedling cotton in the southeastern United States, where symptoms can range from leaf curling to stand loss. In a 2 year study, thrips adults and immatures were sampled at 14, 21 and 28 days after planting on cotton planted with a thiamethoxam seed treatment in concert with crimson clover, wheat or rye winter cover crops and conventional or strip tillage to investigate potential differences in thrips infestations. RESULTS: Densities of adult thrips, primarily Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), peaked on the first sampling date, whereas immature densities peaked on the second sampling date. Regardless of winter cover crop, plots that received strip tillage experienced significantly fewer thrips at each sampling interval. In addition, assessment of percentage ground cover 42 days after planting showed that there was more than twice as much ground cover in the strip-tilled plots compared with conventionally tilled plots. Correlation analyses showed that increased ground cover was inversely related to thrips densities that occurred on all three sampling dates in 2008 and the final sampling date in 2009. CONCLUSIONS: Growers who utilize strip tillage and a winter cover crop can utilize seed treatments for mitigation of early-season thrips infestation. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Toews, Michael D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Tubbs, R. Scott; Wann, Dylan Q.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Sullivan, Dana] ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA USA. [Sullivan, Dana] TurfScout LLC, Tifton, GA USA. RP Toews, MD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, 122 S Entomol Dr, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM mtoews@uga.edu FU Georgia Cotton Commission [09528 GA09]; USDA-CSREES [2008-34566-18998] FX The authors thank Jessica Corbett, Blake Crabtree, David Griffin, Seth Hamer, Alton Hudgins and Corey Thompson for excellent technical support. Donald Cook provided a critical review of an earlier manuscript draft. Funding for this project was provided by the Georgia Cotton Commission under agreement number 09528 GA09 and the USDA-CSREES Special Research Grants Program under agreement number 2008-34566-18998. The Monsanto Company graciously provided treated cotton seed for the study, while Amvac Chemical Corp., BASF and Bayer CropScience donated the agricultural pesticides used in the course of this study. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the University of Georgia or any other organization affiliated with the authors. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 66 IS 10 BP 1089 EP 1095 DI 10.1002/ps.1983 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 670UE UT WOS:000283452000007 PM 20583202 ER PT J AU Reddy, KN Ding, W Zablotowicz, RM Thomson, SJ Huang, YB Krutz, LJ AF Reddy, Krishna N. Ding, Wei Zablotowicz, Robert M. Thomson, Steven J. Huang, Yanbo Krutz, L. Jason TI Biological responses to glyphosate drift from aerial application in non-glyphosate-resistant corn SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aerial application; drift injury; glyphosate; off-target; shikimate; spray deposition ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; ACID ACCUMULATION; SIMULATED DRIFT; SHIKIMIC ACID; GLUFOSINATE; TOLERANCE; YIELD AB BACKGROUND: Glyphosate drift from aerial application onto susceptible crops is inevitable, yet the biological responses to glyphosate drift in crops are not well characterized. The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of glyphosate drift from a single aerial application (18.3 m swath, 866 g AE ha(-1)) on corn injury, chlorophyll content, shikimate level, plant height and shoot dry weight in non-glyphosate-resistant (non-GR) corn. RESULTS: One week after application (WAA), corn was killed at 3 m from the edge of the spray swath, with injury decreasing to 18% at 35.4 m downwind. Chlorophyll content decreased from 78% at 6 m to 22% at 15.8 m, and it was unaffected beyond 25.6 m at 1 WAA. Shikimate accumulation in corn decreased from 349% at 0 m to 93% at 15.8 m, and shikimate levels were unaffected beyond 25.6 m downwind. Plant height and shoot dry weight decreased gradually with increasing distance. At a distance of 35.4 m, corn height was reduced by 14% and shoot dry weight by 10% at 3 WAA. CONCLUSIONS: Corn injury and other biological responses point to the same conclusion, that is, injury from glyphosate aerial drift is highest at the edge of the spray swath and decreases gradually with distance. The LD(50) (the lethal distance that drift must travel to cause a 50% reduction in biological response) ranged from 12 to 26 m among the biological parameters when wind speed was 11.2 km h(-1) and using a complement of CP-09 spray nozzles on spray aircraft. Published 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Reddy, Krishna N.; Ding, Wei; Zablotowicz, Robert M.; Thomson, Steven J.; Huang, Yanbo; Krutz, L. Jason] ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Ding, Wei] NE Agr Univ, Agron Coll, Harbin, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China. RP Ding, W (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Wei.Ding@ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 66 IS 10 BP 1148 EP 1154 DI 10.1002/ps.1996 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 670UE UT WOS:000283452000015 PM 20662010 ER PT J AU Larsen, RC Kurowski, CJ Miklas, PN AF Larsen, Richard C. Kurowski, Chester J. Miklas, Phillip N. TI Two Independent Quantitative Trait Loci Are Responsible for Novel Resistance to Beet curly top virus in Common Bean Landrace G122 SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUGAR-BEET; CFH STRAIN; BCT GENE; SEQUENCE AB Beet curly top virus, often referred to as Curly top virus (CTV), is an important virus disease of common bean in the semiarid regions of the United States, Canada, and Mexico and the only effective control is genetic resistance. Our objective was to determine if dry bean landrace G122, which lacks the Bet gene for resistance to CTV, contains novel resistance to the virus. Two populations, GT-A and GT-B, consisting of 98 F(5:7) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) in total were derived from a cross between G122 and the susceptible variety Taylor Horticultural and evaluated for phenotypic response to natural CTV field infection. Genetic analyses revealed random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) markers associated with a major-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) from G122 which exhibited stable expression across 3 years in both populations. Phenotypic variation explained by the QTL in GT-A (37.6%) was greater than in GT-B (20.4%). RAPD marker Q14.973 was converted to a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) and designated SQ14.973. The SCAR was used to locate the QTL on linkage group 6 of the Phaseolus core map. A survey of 74 common bean cultivars and breeding lines revealed SQ14.973 would be widely useful for marker-assisted selection of the QTL. An additional minor-effect QTL from G122 was detected on linkage group 7. G122 was determined to possess novel resistance to CTV conditioned by at least two genes, one with major the other minor effect. C1 [Larsen, Richard C.; Miklas, Phillip N.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Kurowski, Chester J.] Harris Moran Seed Co, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM Phil.Miklas@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2010 VL 100 IS 10 BP 972 EP 978 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-02-10-0049 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 651XY UT WOS:000281962100001 PM 20839932 ER PT J AU Blaedow, RA Juzwik, J Barber, B AF Blaedow, Ryan A. Juzwik, Jennifer Barber, Brian TI Propiconazole Distribution and Effects on Ceratocystis fagacearum Survival in Roots of Treated Red Oaks SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alamo; chemical control; wilt disease ID IN-VITRO; WILT AB We investigated the interaction between the oak wilt pathogen (Ceratocystis fagacearum) and propiconazole in lower stems and roots of Quercus rubra to better understand published reports of fungicide failure after 2 years. Propiconazole was infused into mature oaks in July 2004 and roots were inoculated with pathogen endoconidia 1.0 m from injection sites at +/- 2 weeks of fungicide treatment. Pathogen presence in wood samples was determined by isolation and fungicide concentrations measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Propiconazole was detected in the roots (<= 1.0 m from injection sites) of all treated trees at 2, 12, and 24 months. Propiconazole was detected in all samples (n = 68) at 2 and 12 months and in 93% of samples (n = 72) at 24 months with concentrations ranging from 815 ppm (12 months in lower stem) to 0.7 ppm (24 months in most distal root segment). Although pathogen isolation incidence was lower in treated than disease control trees at 2 and 12 months, at no time did an infused oak fail to yield the fungus upon isolation. The results document basipetal movement and degradation of propiconazole, as well as the survival of the pathogen, over time in roots and lower stems of infused red oaks. C1 [Juzwik, Jennifer] US Forest Serv, USDA, Biol & Environm Influences Forest Hlth & Producti, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Blaedow, Ryan A.] N Carolina Div Forest Resources, Goldsboro, NC 27530 USA. [Barber, Brian] Univ Minnesota, Water Resources Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Juzwik, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Biol & Environm Influences Forest Hlth & Producti, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jjuzwik@fs.fed.us FU Tree Research and Education Endowment Fund; Rainbow Treecare Scientific Advancements; U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station FX Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This project was funded by several sources: Tree Research and Education Endowment Fund, Rainbow Treecare Scientific Advancements, the U.S. Forest Service Pesticide Impact and Assessment Program, and the U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station. We thank P. Castillo for excellent field support; G. Ahlstrand and A. McKnite for laboratory assistance; P. Ojiambo and C. Arellano for statistical assistance; and R. Blanchette, W. Chaney, R. Zeyen, R. Hamelin, and two anonymous colleagues for review of the manuscript. This paper is based on a portion of a Ph.D. thesis by the first author. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2010 VL 100 IS 10 BP 979 EP 985 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-01-10-0008 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 651XY UT WOS:000281962100002 PM 20839933 ER PT J AU Newcomb, M Upper, CD Rouse, DI AF Newcomb, Maria Upper, Christen D. Rouse, Douglas I. TI Factors Contributing to Seasonal Fluctuations in Rust Severity on Ribes missouriense Caused by Cronartium ribicola SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PINE BLISTER RUST; NORTH-AMERICA; PLANT-DISEASE; LEAF-SPOT; COMPONENTS; RESISTANCE; DYNAMICS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT AB Cronartium ribicola, causal agent of white pine blister rust, is a macrocyclic heteroecious rust that cycles between white pines and members of the genus Ribes, which are typically wild plants in North America. To improve predictability of inoculum available for infection of ecologically and commercially important white pines, this research was conducted to identify the factors that influence the development and persistence of uredinia and telia on Ribes in their natural habitats. Numbers of infectious C. ribicola rust lesions (with potentially sporulating rust soli) on tagged Ribes missouriense plants in the woods fluctuated during the season. Changes in numbers of infectious rust lesions were related to rain that occurred 13 days earlier. In field experiments, supplemental leaf wetness provided for 2 days on Ribes shoots resulted in the development of rust lesions more frequently than on control shoots. Viable inoculum and susceptible hosts were present, and the environment was the limiting factor for disease development. Lesion necrosis and leaf abscission contributed to decreases in numbers of infectious rust lesions. Higher lesion density was significantly related to earlier leaf abscission. Telial fruiting bodies occurred in low numbers from early June throughout the remainder of the season. C1 [Newcomb, Maria; Upper, Christen D.; Rouse, Douglas I.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Newcomb, M (reprint author), ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, USDA, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Maria.Newcomb@ars.usda.gov FU Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison FX This research was supported by the Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison. C. Grau and J. Andrews are acknowledged for assisting with various aspects of the research. We are grateful to an anonymous person for providing input and discussions on earlier drafts of this manuscript, and two anonymous referees for their comments. We thank A. Virchow for assisting with field and greenhouse work, N. Keuler for statistical consultation, A. Huseth for map preparation, and K. Upper for providing site access. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2010 VL 100 IS 10 BP 986 EP 996 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-12-09-0349 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 651XY UT WOS:000281962100003 PM 20839934 ER PT J AU Bock, CH Gottwald, TR Parker, PE Ferrandino, F Welham, S van den Bosch, F Parnell, S AF Bock, C. H. Gottwald, T. R. Parker, P. E. Ferrandino, F. Welham, S. van den Bosch, F. Parnell, S. TI Some Consequences of Using the Horsfall-Barratt Scale for Hypothesis Testing SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISEASE ASSESSMENT; CITRUS CANKER; VISUAL ESTIMATION; SEVERITY; ACCURACY; PRECISION; RELIABILITY; STRAWBERRY; SYMPTOMS; BLIGHT AB Comparing treatment effects by hypothesis testing is a common practice in plant pathology. Nearest percent estimates (NPEs) of disease severity were compared with Horsfall-Barratt (H-B) scale data to explore whether there was an effect of assessment method on hypothesis testing. A simulation model based on field-collected data using leaves with disease severity of 0 to 60% was used; the relationship between NPEs and actual severity was linear, a hyperbolic function described the relationship between the standard deviation of the rater mean NPE and actual disease, and a lognormal distribution was assumed to describe the frequency of NPEs of specific actual disease severities by raters. Results of the simulation showed standard deviations of mean NPEs were consistently similar to the original rater standard deviation from the field-collected data; however, the standard deviations of the H-B scale data deviated from that of the original rater standard deviation, particularly at 20 to 50% severity, over which H-B scale grade intervals are widest; thus, it is over this range that differences in hypothesis testing are most likely to occur. To explore this, two normally distributed, hypothetical severity populations were compared using a t test with NPEs and H-B midpoint data. NPE data had a higher probability to reject the null hypothesis (H(0)) when H(0) was false but greater sample size increased the probability to reject H(0) for both methods, with the H-B scale data requiring up to a 50% greater sample size to attain the same probability to reject the H(0) as NPEs when H(0) was false. The increase in sample size resolves the increased sample variance caused by inaccurate individual estimates due to H-B scale midpoint scaling. As expected, various population characteristics influenced the probability to reject H(0), including the difference between the two severity distribution means, their variability, and the ability of the raters. Inaccurate raters showed a similar probability to reject H(0) when H(0) was false using either assessment method but average and accurate raters had a greater probability to reject H(0) when H(0) was false using NPEs compared with H-B scale data. Accurate raters had, on average, better resolving power for estimating disease compared with that offered by the H-B scale and, therefore, the resulting sample variability was more representative of the population when sample size was limiting. Thus, there are various circumstances under which H-B scale data has a greater risk of failing to reject H(0) when H(0) is false (a type II error) compared with NPEs. C1 [Bock, C. H.] ARS SEFTNRL, USDA, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Gottwald, T. R.] ARS USHRL, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Parker, P. E.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv PPQ, USDA, Moore Air Base, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. [Ferrandino, F.] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol & Ecol, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Welham, S.; van den Bosch, F.; Parnell, S.] Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. RP Bock, CH (reprint author), ARS SEFTNRL, USDA, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM clive.bock@ars.usda.gov RI parnell, stephen/I-7682-2015 OI parnell, stephen/0000-0002-2625-4557 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/E/C/00004937] NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2010 VL 100 IS 10 BP 1030 EP 1041 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-08-09-0220 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 651XY UT WOS:000281962100007 PM 20839938 ER PT J AU Roy, A Ananthakrishnan, G Hartung, JS Brlansky, RH AF Roy, Avijit Ananthakrishnan, G. Hartung, John S. Brlansky, R. H. TI Development and Application of a Multiplex Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Screening a Global Collection of Citrus tristeza virus Isolates SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAT PROTEIN GENE; TIME RT-PCR; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; APHID TRANSMISSION; PLANT-TISSUES; SEQUENCE; DIFFERENTIATION; RNA; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM AB The emerging diversity of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) genotypes has complicated detection and diagnostic measures and prompted the search for new differentiation methods. To simplify the identification and differentiation of CTV genotypes, a multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique for the screening of CTV isolates was developed. Variable regions within the open reading frame (ORF)- la of diverse CTV genotypes were identified to develop first a simplex (5) and then a hexaplex (H) RT-PCR. CTV isolates have been grouped previously into five genotypes (namely, 13, 130, T36, VT, and B165) based on the nucleotide sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses. Nucleotide sequences from GenBank were used to design species and genotype-specific primers (GSPs). The GSPs were initially used for reliable detection of all CTV genotypes using S-RT-PCR. Furthermore, detection of all five recognized CTV genotypes was established using the H-RT-PCR. Six amplicons, one generic to all CTV isolates and one for each of the five recognized genotypes, were identified on the basis of their size and were confirmed by sequence analysis. In all, 175 CTV isolates from 29 citrus-growing countries were successfully analyzed by S- and H-RT-PCR. Of these, 97 isolates contained T36 genotypes, 95 contained T3 genotypes, 76 contained 130 genotypes, 71 contained VT genotypes, and 24 contained B165 genotype isolates. In total, 126 isolates contained mixed infections of 2 to 5 of the known CTV genotypes. Two of the CTV isolates could not be assigned to a known genotype. H-RT-PCR provides a sensitive, specific, reliable, and rapid way to screen for CTV genotypes compared with other methods for CTV genotype detection. Efficient identification of CTV genotypes will facilitate a better understanding of CTV isolates, including the possible interaction of different genotypes in causing or preventing diseases. The methods described can also be used in virus-free citrus propagation programs and in the development of CTV-resistant cultivars. C1 [Roy, Avijit; Ananthakrishnan, G.; Brlansky, R. H.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Hartung, John S.] ARS, USDA, MPPL, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Brlansky, RH (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM rhby@crec.ifas.ufl.edu FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [62506] FX We thank C. Paul, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, for providing the exotic CTV isolates as desiccated tissue from the Exotic Pathogens of Citrus Collection, Beltsville, MD; J. da Graca from Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, for providing isolated total RNA from CTV-infecting Texas isolates; and the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Special Tristeza Grant Project 62506 for financial assistance. NR 52 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2010 VL 100 IS 10 BP 1077 EP 1088 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-04-10-0102 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 651XY UT WOS:000281962100012 PM 20839943 ER PT J AU Harrington, TC Fraedrich, SW AF Harrington, T. C. Fraedrich, S. W. TI Quantification of Propagules of the Laurel Wilt Fungus and Other Mycangial Fungi from the Redbay Ambrosia Beetle, Xyleborus glabratus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Candida spp.; Curculionidae; Lauraceae; Persea borbonia; Scolytinae; vector ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; RAFFAELEA; CURCULIONIDAE; SCOLYTINAE; COLEOPTERA; LAURACEAE; SYMBIONT AB The laurel wilt pathogen, Raffaelea lauricola, is a fungal symbiont of the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus. which is native to Asia and was believed to have brought R. lattricola with it to the southeastern United States. Individual X. glabratus beetles from six populations in South Carolina and Georgia were individually macerated in glass tissue grinders and serially diluted to quantify the CFU of fungal symbionts. Six species of Raffaelea were isolated, with up to four species from an individual adult beetle. The Raffae lea spp. were apparently within the protected, paired, mandibular mycangia because they were as numerous in heads as in whole beetles, and surface-sterilized heads or whole bodies yielded as many or more CFU as did nonsterilized heads or whole beetles. R. lauricola was isolated from 40 of the 41 beetles sampled, and it was isolated in the highest numbers, up to 30,000 CFU/beetle. Depending on the population sampled, R. subalba or R. ellipticospora was the next most frequently isolated species. R. arxii, R. fusca, and R. subfusca were only occasionally isolated. The laurel wilt pathogen apparently grows in a yeast phase within the mycangia in competition with other Raffaelea spp. C1 [Harrington, T. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Fraedrich, S. W.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Harrington, TC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tcharrin@iastate.edu NR 24 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2010 VL 100 IS 10 BP 1118 EP 1123 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-01-10-0032 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 651XY UT WOS:000281962100016 PM 20839947 ER PT J AU Lester, GE Jifon, JL Makus, DJ AF Lester, Gene E. Jifon, John L. Makus, Donald J. TI Impact of potassium nutrition on postharvest fruit quality: Melon (Cucumis melo L) case study SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Review DE Fruit; Foliar application; Human health; Marketability; Potassium fertilizers; Sugar; Vitamins; Yield ID FOLIAR POTASSIUM; MUSKMELON FRUIT; BETA-CAROTENE; ASCORBIC-ACID; TOMATO FRUIT; 2 CULTIVARS; YIELD; PLANTS; DEFICIENCY; RESPONSES AB Among the many plant mineral nutrients, potassium (K) stands out as a cation having the strongest influence on quality attributes that determine fruit marketability, consumer preference, and the concentration of critically important human-health associated phytonutrients. However, many plant, soil, and environmental factors often limit adequate uptake of K from the soil in sufficient amounts to satisfy fruit K requirements during development to optimize the aforementioned quality attributes. The objectives of this review are 1) to summarize published study abstracts on the effects of soil and/or foliar K fertilization as well as diverse K forms, on fruit phytonutrient concentrations; and 2) to illustrate the important role of K forms on fruit quality with a case study of Cucumis melo L (muskmelon) fruit produced with optimal soil applied K . The muskmelon studies will compare commercial sources (forms) of K applied to examine seasonal effects (spring vs. autumn) and the number of foliar K applications during fruit development on fruit marketability (maturity, yield, firmness, soluble solids, sugars, relative sweetness), consumer preference attributes (sugar content, sweetness, texture), and phytochemical concentrations (K, ascorbic acid, and beta-carotene concentrations). Numerous studies have consistently demonstrated that specific K fertilizer forms, in combination with specific application regimes, can improve fruit quality attributes. Potassium fertilizer forms in order of effectiveness (Glycine (Gly)-complexed K = K(2)SO(4) a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand KCl > no K > KNO(3)) when applied wet (foliar or hydroponic) vs. dry (soil) were generally superior in improving fruit marketability attributes, along with many human-health nutrients. The muskmelon case study demonstrated that two K forms: Gly-complexed K and K(2)SO(4), combined with a silicone-based surfactant, applied weekly, as a foliar spray, during fruit development, from both autumn and spring-grown plants, had the greatest impact on improving fruit marketability attributes (maturity, yield, firmness, and sugars), as well as fruit quality attributes (human-health bioactive compounds K, ascorbic acid, and beta-carotene). Among several foliar applied K salts studied under field conditions so far, salts with relatively low salt indices appeared to have the greatest impacts on fruit quality when applied during the mid- to late-season fruit development periods. C1 [Lester, Gene E.; Makus, Donald J.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Jifon, John L.] Texas A&M Syst, Fruit & Vegetable Improvement Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Lester, GE (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Business Highway 83,Bldg 200, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM gene.lester@ars.usda.gov NR 102 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 8 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 2010 VL 335 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s11104-009-0227-3 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 652DW UT WOS:000281982600008 ER PT J AU Funnell-Harris, DL Pedersen, JF Sattler, SE AF Funnell-Harris, Deanna L. Pedersen, Jeffrey F. Sattler, Scott E. TI Soil and root populations of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. associated with seedlings and field-grown plants are affected by sorghum genotype SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol; Fusarium spp.; Gibberella fujikuroi species complex; Rhizosphere; Pseudomonas spp.; Sorghum bicolor ID GRAIN-SORGHUM; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; STALK ROT; BIOCONTROL PSEUDOMONADS; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CROPPING SYSTEMS; SELECTIVE MEDIUM; ORGANIC-CARBON AB Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is valued for bioenergy, feed and food. Potential of sorghum genotypes to support differing populations of root- and soil-associated fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. or Fusarium spp., in two soils, was assessed. Culturable pseudomonads were enumerated from roots and soil of sorghum (Redlan and RTx433) and wheat (Lewjain) seedlings repeatedly grown in cycled soils in the growth chamber. Pseudomonads and Fusarium spp. were assessed from roots and soil of field-grown sorghum along with biological control traits hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and 2,4-diacetylphlorogluconol (phl) production. After four 4-week cycles, soil associated with Redlan seedlings had greater numbers of fluorescent pseudomonads than Lewjain. In dryland field conditions, RTx433 roots had greater numbers of pseudomonads than Redlan before anthesis but similar numbers after. There were no differences in numbers of pseudomonads from dryland soil or roots or soil of irrigated plants. Percentages of HCN-producing root isolates and phl soil isolates declined on irrigated Redlan plants, but percentages of HCN-producers increased in dryland conditions. Redlan roots had greater percentages of Fusarium isolates in the Gibberella fujikuroi complex. Results indicated that sorghum genotype affected root-associated populations of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. and Fusarium spp. across soil environments. C1 [Funnell-Harris, Deanna L.; Pedersen, Jeffrey F.; Sattler, Scott E.] ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Funnell-Harris, Deanna L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pedersen, Jeffrey F.; Sattler, Scott E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Funnell-Harris, DL (reprint author), ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, USDA, 314 BioChem Hall,UNL E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Deanna.Funnell-Harris@ars.usda.gov NR 79 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 2010 VL 335 IS 1-2 BP 439 EP 455 DI 10.1007/s11104-010-0432-0 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 652DW UT WOS:000281982600030 ER PT J AU Lu, H Rudd, JC Burd, JD Weng, Y AF Lu, H. Rudd, J. C. Burd, J. D. Weng, Y. TI Molecular mapping of greenbug resistance genes Gb2 and Gb6 in T1AL.1RS wheat-rye translocations SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; Secale cereale; wheat-rye translocation; molecular marker; aphid resistance ID 1RS.1BL TRANSLOCATION; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; POWDERY MILDEW; COMMON WHEAT; LEAF RUST; REGISTRATION; INHERITANCE; GERMPLASM; APHIDIDAE AB P>Two greenbug resistance genes Gb2 and Gb6 derived from the same donor rye line 'Insave', are present in wheat germplasm lines 'Amigo' and 'GRS1201', respectively as 1AL.1RS wheat-rye translocations. The allelic relationship between the two genes has not been determined, and no molecular markers for Gb6 are available. In this study, molecular mapping of Gb2 and Gb6 was performed in a mapping population derived from a cross between 'N96L9970' (Gb6Gb6) and 'TAM 107' (Gb2Gb2). Segregation among F(2:3) families of host responses to infestation of greenbug biotypes E and KS-1 revealed that Gb2 and Gb6 were different linked loci in 1RS. Gb2 and Gb6 were 15.8 cM apart with Gb6 being distal to Gb2. Despite the low number of marker polymorphisms between the parental lines, eight markers linked with Gb2 and Gb6 were identified. The closest marker, XIA294, was 11.4 cM proximal to Gb2. Deletion mapping indicated that both Gb2 and Gb6 were physically located in the satellite region of 1RS. C1 [Burd, J. D.] ARS, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. [Lu, H.; Rudd, J. C.; Weng, Y.] Texas AgriLife Res Amarillo, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. RP Weng, Y (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM yiqun.weng@ars.usda.gov FU National Research Initiative, USDA, Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, CAP [2006-55606-16629] FX The authors thank Melissa Burrows and Peihua Yan for technical assistance. We are also indebted to Dr. Adam J. Lukaszewski (University of California, Riverside, CA) for providing wheat-rye translocation stocks, and Dr. Bernd Friebe (Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS) for supplying rye deletion lines. We thank Dr. Azhaguvel Perumal (Texas AgriLife Research, Amarillo, TX) for designing primers of parts of the molecular markers used in this study. This project was partially supported by the National Research Initiative, USDA, Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, CAP grant number 2006-55606-16629. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 129 IS 5 BP 472 EP 476 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2009.01722.x PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 659MC UT WOS:000282569600002 ER PT J AU Wang, X Fjellstrom, R Jia, Y Yan, WG Jia, MH Scheffler, BE Wu, D Shu, Q McClung, A AF Wang, X. Fjellstrom, R. Jia, Y. Yan, W. G. Jia, M. H. Scheffler, B. E. Wu, D. Shu, Q. McClung, A. TI Characterization of Pi-ta blast resistance gene in an international rice core collection SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE blast resistance; Pi-ta; rice germplasm ID NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; MARKER ANALYSIS; REPEAT PROTEIN; REGISTRATION; LOCUS; DIVERSITY; VIRULENCE; ENCODES; MEMBER AB The Pi-ta gene in rice prevents the infections by races of Magnaporthe oryzae containing AVR-Pita. In the present study, 1790 accessions were characterized for Pi-ta, and Pi-ta independent resistance genes using marker analysis, disease evaluation with the race IB-49 carrying AVR-Pita, and IE-1k not carrying AVR-Pita and sequence analysis. A total of 183 accessions were identified using a Pi-ta-indel marker from the intron region. Sequence analysis revealed that resistance functional nucleotide polymorphism (FNP) was present in 163 accessions including reference cultivars. Among them, 89 were resistant to IB-49 and susceptible to IE-1k indicating that these accessions contain Pi-ta R alleles. Four accessions were susceptible to IB-49 suggesting that components were not intact in Pi-ta-mediated resistance. In contrast, 14 accessions with the susceptible FNP were resistant to IB-49 suggesting these 14 accessions may contain Pi-ta independent new R genes. Together, 83 accessions were identified to contain new R gene to IE-1k. These accessions were genetically distinct determined by simple sequence repeat markers. The results could impact breeding for blast resistance worldwide. C1 [Wang, X.; Fjellstrom, R.; Jia, Y.; Yan, W. G.; Jia, M. H.; McClung, A.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. [Wang, X.; Wu, D.; Shu, Q.] Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Rice Biol, IAEA Collaborating Ctr, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Wang, X.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. [Scheffler, B. E.] ARS, USDA, Mid S Area Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Jia, Y (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. EM yulin.jia@ars.usda.gov RI Shu, Qing-Yao/C-4859-2008; OI Shu, Qing-Yao/0000-0002-9201-0593; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU Asia Rice Travel Grant Foundation; Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board; USDA-ARS [NP301] FX The authors thank Michael Lin for evaluation of disease reactions, Kristen Pratt for technical support, Harold Bockelman (USDA-ARS, National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility Aberdeen, Idaho) and Karen Moldenhauer (University of Arkansas Rice Research and Extension Center, UA RREC) for providing rice seeds, Fleet N. Lee (UA RREC) for helpful discussions on disease evaluations, Seonghee Lee and Stefano Costanzo for their useful inputs, and Asia Rice Travel Grant Foundation, USA for supporting Xueyan Wang's partial travelling expenses. This work is supported in part by the Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board and USDA-ARS NP301 Genomic characterization of rice germplasm. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 129 IS 5 BP 491 EP 501 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2009.01706.x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 659MC UT WOS:000282569600006 ER PT J AU Wu, J McCarty, JC Jenkins, JN Meredith, WR AF Wu, J. McCarty, J. C. Jenkins, J. N. Meredith, W. R. TI Breeding potential of introgressions into upland cotton: genetic effects and heterosis SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE upland cotton; fibre quality; genetic effects; heterosis ID CHROMOSOME SUBSTITUTION LINES; ACCESSION DERIVED GERMPLASM; VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; FIELD PERFORMANCE; CULTIVAR CROSSES; FIBER STRENGTH; REGISTRATION; IMPROVEMENT; TRAITS; TOPCROSSES AB P>As new technology in the textile industry demands higher quality fibres, improving cotton fibre quality has become increasingly important. Twelve cotton lines selected from different breeding programmes with diverse fibre characteristics were used for this study. These lines and their F(2) hybrids were grown at the Mississippi State University research farm in three environments. Agronomic and fibre traits were measured and analysed by the additive-dominance genetic model. Significant additive effects were detected for all traits except seed cotton yield and fibre elongation. Dominance effects were significant for all traits. All MD lines and CS-B16 showed positive additive effects for lint percentage (LP), indicating that these lines can be used as general combiners to improve LP. MD90ne was a good general combiner for cotton yield. MD51ne, MD52ne, MD90ne and three derived day-neutral lines were associated with increased additive effects for fibre strength. Some F(2) hybrids with positive middle-parent heterosis for both yield and fibre quality were identified. This study revealed that these genetic lines can be used for inbred line and/or hybrid development. C1 [Wu, J.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [McCarty, J. C.; Jenkins, J. N.] ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Meredith, W. R.] ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, USDA, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Wu, J (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Box 2140C, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM jixiang.wu@sdstate.edu; jack.mccarty@ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009 NR 37 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 129 IS 5 BP 526 EP 532 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2009.01715.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 659MC UT WOS:000282569600011 ER PT J AU Ulloa, M Wang, C Roberts, PA AF Ulloa, M. Wang, C. Roberts, P. A. TI Gene action analysis by inheritance and quantitative trait loci mapping of resistance to root-knot nematodes in cotton SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE cotton (Gossypium); Gossypium barbadense; Gossypium hirsutum; mapping; Gossypium barbadense; Meloidogyne incognita; resistance gene cluster; quantitative trait loci; transgressive segregation; marker-assisted selection; breeding ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; WILT DISEASE COMPLEX; UPLAND COTTON; TRANSGRESSIVE SEGREGATION; MARKERS; MELOIDOGYNE; MICROSATELLITES; IDENTIFICATION; REGISTRATION; CHROMOSOMES AB P>Host-plant resistance is highly effective in controlling crop loss from nematode infection. In addition, molecular markers can be powerful tools for marker-assisted selection (MAS), where they reduce laborious greenhouse phenotype evaluation to identify root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita Kofoid and White (Chitwood) resistant genotypes. To better understand host-plant interactions, we investigated gene action and genomic locations of RKN resistance genes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L). Twelve parents, 17 intraspecific (G. hirsutum x G. hirsutum) and four interspecific (G. hirsutum xG. barbadense L.) F(1), and 11 F(2) populations were investigated by examining different RKN resistance backgrounds. The F(1) and F(2) generation means and distributions, and differences between F(1) and mid-parent values for Galling Index (GI) indicated that allelic interaction, epistasis and heterosis operated in these crosses. Genetic and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses in crosses NemX x SJ-2 and SJ-2 x Clevewilt revealed resistance because of at least one major recessive QTL with strong additive effect, while in PS 7 x NemXresistance was because of at least one major QTL with strong dominant effect. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers CIR316 and MUCS088 on chromosomes 11 and 21 showed the association of two different chromosomes with the RKN resistance. This also supported the two-gene model of observed resistant : susceptible ratios in F(2) and F(3) (PS 7 x NemX) populations. Selection success rate for MAS was > 85% for identifying resistant genotypes with GI < 3 from these crosses with SSRS CIR316, BNL1231 and MUCS088, and CAPS (GHACC1). QTL analyses validated the importance of a major genome-telomeric region on chromosome 11, harbouring RKN resistance genes from different backgrounds. We conclude that breeding for optimal resistance must be based on selection of progeny with combinations of genes homozygous for resistance. C1 [Ulloa, M.] ARS, USDA, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. [Wang, C.; Roberts, P. A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Ulloa, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM mauricio.ulloa@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Incorporated; University of California FX This study was funded in part by a Cooperative Research Agreement from Cotton Incorporated and a grant from the University of California Discovery Grant (BioSTAR) Program (P.R.). The authors thank S. Oakley, J. Starr and USDA Cotton Germplasm Collection for providing cotton seed, M. Roose for helpful advice, and K. Carter, S. Ellberg, W. Matthews and T. Mullens for technical help. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 129 IS 5 BP 541 EP 550 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2009.01717.x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 659MC UT WOS:000282569600013 ER PT J AU Bilgin, DD Zavala, JA Zhu, J Clough, SJ Ort, DR DeLucia, EH AF Bilgin, Damla D. Zavala, Jorge A. Zhu, Jin Clough, Steven J. Ort, Donald R. DeLucia, Evan H. TI Biotic stress globally downregulates photosynthesis genes SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE chloroplast; cis-regulatory elements; defence; gene expression; microarray ID MANDUCA-SEXTA LEPIDOPTERA; HOST NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; DEFENSE-RELATED GENES; LARGE-SCALE CHANGES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; METHYL JASMONATE; SALICYLIC-ACID; MOLECULAR-INTERACTIONS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ARTHROPOD HERBIVORY AB To determine if damage to foliage by biotic agents, including arthropods, fungi, bacteria and viral pathogens, universally downregulates the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis, we compared transcriptome data from microarray experiments after twenty two different forms of biotic damage on eight different plant species. Transcript levels of photosynthesis light reaction, carbon reduction cycle and pigment synthesis genes decreased regardless of the type of biotic attack. The corresponding upregulation of genes coding for the synthesis of jasmonic acid and those involved in the responses to salicylic acid and ethylene suggest that the downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes was part of a defence response. Analysis of the sub-cellular targeting of co-expressed gene clusters revealed that the transcript levels of 84% of the genes that carry a chloroplast targeting peptide sequence decreased. The majority of these downregulated genes shared common regulatory elements, such as G-box (CACGTG), T-box (ACTTTG) and SORLIP (GCCAC) motifs. Strong convergence in the response of transcription suggests that the universal downregulation of photosynthesis-related gene expression is an adaptive response to biotic attack. We hypothesize that slow turnover of many photosynthetic proteins allows plants to invest resources in immediate defence needs without debilitating near term losses in photosynthetic capacity. C1 [Bilgin, Damla D.; Zavala, Jorge A.; Ort, Donald R.; DeLucia, Evan H.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zhu, Jin; Clough, Steven J.; Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Clough, Steven J.; Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ort, Donald R.; DeLucia, Evan H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zavala, Jorge A.] Univ Buenos Aires, CONICET, Univ Catolica Argentina, Fac Agron, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP DeLucia, EH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM delucia@life.illinois.edu RI Rosa, Bruce/F-6393-2010; Clough, Steven/E-6815-2011 FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER63489] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Aleel Grennan for assistance preparing the figures. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER63489. NR 132 TC 151 Z9 156 U1 8 U2 79 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7791 EI 1365-3040 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1597 EP 1613 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02167.x PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 647RZ UT WOS:000281638000001 PM 20444224 ER PT J AU Liu, C Callow, P Rowland, LJ Hancock, JF Song, GQ AF Liu, Cheng Callow, Pete Rowland, Lisa J. Hancock, James F. Song, Guo-qing TI Adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explants of southern highbush blueberry cultivars SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE Organogenesis; Plant regeneration; Vaccinium corymbosum ID CRANBERRY VACCINIUM-MACROCARPON; TRANSGENIC CRANBERRY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT; LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY; 2-STEP PROCEDURE; EXCISED LEAVES; CAPACITY; CULTURES; GROWTH AB Protocols were developed to optimize adventitious shoot regeneration from four southern highbush blueberry cultivars. Leaf explants from 6 week-old shoots of the four cultivars were excised and cultured on woody plant medium each containing thidiazuron (4.54 or 9.08 mu M), zeatin (18.2 mu M), or zeatin riboside (5.7 or 11.4 mu M) either separately or in combination with alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid at 2.69 mu M. Optimum medium for shoot regeneration was genotype-dependent. Efficient regeneration was obtained at frequencies of 88.9% for 'Jewel', 87.8% for 'Emerald', 53.3% for 'Jubilee' and 87.8% for 'Biloxi'. Leaf explants of newly developed shoots from the cultures having undergone five subcultures had higher regeneration frequencies than those having undergone two subcultures. Regenerated shoots, 80-100% for each cultivar, rooted in 8 weeks after transplantation to soil. The regeneration systems described have potential use in genetic transformation of southern highbush blueberry cultivars. C1 [Liu, Cheng; Callow, Pete; Hancock, James F.; Song, Guo-qing] Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, Plant Biotechnol Resource & Outreach Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rowland, Lisa J.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Song, GQ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, Plant Biotechnol Resource & Outreach Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM songg@msu.edu FU MSU; USDA/ARS FX This research was supported in part by MSU Project GREEEN (Generating Research and Extension to Meet Economic and Environmental Needs) and in part by a specific cooperative agreement between the USDA/ARS and MSU. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 103 IS 1 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1007/s11240-010-9755-z PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 652FE UT WOS:000281987000016 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Ariss, JJ Hassell, RL Olson, S Kousik, CS Levi, A AF Thies, Judy A. Ariss, Jennifer J. Hassell, Richard L. Olson, Steve Kousik, Chandrasekar S. Levi, Amnon TI Grafting for Management of Southern Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, in Watermelon SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CITRULLUS-LANATUS; LAGENARIA-SICERARIA; FUSARIUM-WILT; GENETIC DIVERSITY; RESISTANCE; GERMPLASM; ACCESSIONS; GROWTH; NAKAI AB Four bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) cultivars, one squash (Cucurbita moschata x C. maxima) hybrid, five wild watermelon (Citru this lanatus var. citroides) germplasm lines, and one commercial wild watermelon (C. lanatus var. citroides) cultivar were evaluated as rootstocks for cultivated watermelon (C. lanatus var. lanatus) in fields infested with the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in Charleston, SC in 2007 and 2008, and in Quincy, FL in 2008. Commercial watermelon 'Fiesta' (diploid seeded) and 'Tri-X 313' (triploid seedless) scions were grafted onto the rootstocks in 2007 and 2008, respectively. In 2007, the plants grafted on rootstock from the wild watermelon germplasm line RKVL 318 had significantly less (P < 0.05) root galling than nongrafted 'Fiesta' watermelon or plants with the squash hybrid or bottle gourd rootstocks. In 2008, 'Fiesta' plants with rootstocks from all five wild watermelon germplasm lines and the commercial watermelon rootstock had significantly less (P < 0.05) root galling than plants with the squash hybrid or bottle gourd rootstocks. Root galling of the squash hybrid and bottle gourd rootstocks was severe (78 to 99%) in both years. Root galling for nongrafted 'Fiesta' and 'Tri-X 313' watermelon was 36 and 50%, respectively. Root galling for the wild watermelon germplasm lines ranged from 11 to 34% and 36 to 44% in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Wild watermelon germplasm lines derived from C. lanatus var. citroides were identified that may be useful as resistant rootstocks for managing root-knot nematodes in watermelon. C1 [Thies, Judy A.; Ariss, Jennifer J.; Kousik, Chandrasekar S.; Levi, Amnon] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Hassell, Richard L.] Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Olson, Steve] Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. RP Thies, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM Judy.Thies@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 94 IS 10 BP 1195 EP 1199 DI 10.1094/PDIS-09-09-0640 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 652NE UT WOS:000282012900003 ER PT J AU Hartung, JS Halbert, SE Pelz-Stelinski, K Brlansky, RH Chen, CX Gmitter, FG AF Hartung, John S. Halbert, Susan E. Pelz-Stelinski, Kirsten Brlansky, Ronald H. Chen, Chunxian Gmitter, Fred G. TI Lack of Evidence for Transmission of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' Through Citrus Seed Taken from Affected Fruit SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SAO-PAULO STATE; GREENING DISEASE; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS; LIMITED BACTERIUM; PCR DETECTION; SWEET ORANGE; CULTURE; PLANTS; BRAZIL AB Citrus huanglongbing, putatively caused by the associated bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', is the greatest threat to the world citrus industry today. The bacterium is spread locally and regionally by the citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri, and also can be disseminated by propagation of contaminated scion budwood that is grafted to the appropriate rootstock. The planting of 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus'-free trees is a component of a comprehensive strategy to manage huanglongbing. In contrast to the scion budwood, the rootstocks used to produce these trees are grown from seed. This research was undertaken to provide evidence as to whether or not 'Ca. L. asiaticus' can be transmitted through seed. Two groups of 360 or more seedlings each of various citrus species were grown from seed removed from fruit on trees that were symptomatic for huanglongbing and confirmed to be infected with 'Ca. L. asiaticus' by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. These seedlings were tested multiple times over periods of up to 3 years. No symptoms typical of huanglongbing, such as blotchy leaf mottle, chlorotic shoots, or dieback of branches, were observed in these seedlings, and none of these 723 seedlings tested positive for the presence of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' even after repeated testing by sensitive quantitative PCR assays. Some sour orange seedlings did have quite pronounced and atypical growth, including stunting and mild to severe leaf malformation. These atypical growth habits were limited to seedlings that arose from zygotic embryos as determined by expressed-sequence tag simple-sequence repeat analyses. Thus, no evidence of transmission of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' via seed was obtained, and an earlier report of transmission of the pathogen through seed was not confirmed. C1 [Hartung, John S.] ARS, USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Halbert, Susan E.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Pelz-Stelinski, Kirsten; Brlansky, Ronald H.; Chen, Chunxian; Gmitter, Fred G.] Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Hartung, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM John.Hartung@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 94 IS 10 BP 1200 EP 1205 DI 10.1094/PDIS-09-09-0595 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 652NE UT WOS:000282012900004 ER PT J AU Christiano, RSC Reilly, CC Miller, WP Scherm, H AF Christiano, R. S. C. Reilly, C. C. Miller, W. P. Scherm, H. TI Oxytetracycline Dynamics on Peach Leaves in Relation to Temperature, Sunlight, and Simulated Rain SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID XANTHOMONAS-PRUNI; PERSISTENCE; INTENSITY; TETRACYCLINE; RAINFASTNESS; FORMULATIONS; ANTIBIOTICS; PROTECTANTS; STABILITY; ADJUVANTS AB Oxytetracycline (OTC), a member of the tetracycline antibiotics, is used as a foliar spray to control Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni on stone fruits and Erwinia amylovora on pome fruits. We studied the dynamics of OTC residues on attached peach (Prunus persica) leaves treated with 300 ppm active ingredient of an agricultural OTC in relation to temperature, natural sunlight, and simulated rain. We further evaluated the potential of three ultraviolet (UV) protectants (lignin, titanium dioxide, and oxybenzone) and one sticker-extender (Nu Film-17) to prolong OTC longevity on the leaf surface. OTC residue was determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV (C18 reversed-phase column). In controlled conditions in darkness, constant temperatures up to 40 degrees C did not affect OTC degradation on leaves. In contrast, OTC residue decreased rapidly in natural sunlight in the absence of rain, declining, on average, by 43.8, 77.8, and 92.1% within 1, 2, and 4 days after application, respectively; 7 days after application, OTC levels were near the detection limit. Use of shade fabric with 10 and 40% sunlight transmittance, simulating overcast sky, reduced OTC degradation significantly but did not extend OTC persistence beyond 7 days. Areas under the OTC residue curve, summarizing OTC dynamics during the 7-day exposure period, were negatively and significantly correlated with solar radiation and UV radiation variables, but not with temperature. UV protectants and Nu Film-17 were ineffective in improving OTC persistence in outdoor conditions. Simulated rain at 44 mm h(-1) drastically (by 67.2%) lowered OTC residue after 2 min, and levels were near the detection limit after 60 min of continuous rain, regardless of whether plants were exposed to rainfall 1 or 24 h after OTC application. In artificial inoculation experiments with X. arboricola pv. pruni on attached peach leaves, OTC concentrations >= 50 ppm active ingredient (corresponding to >= 0.06 mu g OTC cm(-2) leaf surface) were sufficient to suppress bacterial spot development. By extrapolation from our outdoor exposure experiments, similar OTC residues following application of labeled OTC rates would be reached after less than 2 days under full sunlight, after 4 days under overcast sky, or after 2 min of a heavy rainstorm. C1 [Christiano, R. S. C.; Scherm, H.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Reilly, C. C.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Miller, W. P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Scherm, H (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM scherm@uga.edu FU USDA-CSREES [2004-04014, 2007-03620] FX Funded in part by USDA-CSREES awards 2004-04014 (Risk Avoidance and Mitigation Program) and 2007-03620 (Southern Region IPM Program). NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 94 IS 10 BP 1213 EP 1218 DI 10.1094/PDIS-04-10-0282 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 652NE UT WOS:000282012900006 ER PT J AU Alba-Lynn, C Henk, S AF Alba-Lynn, Christina Henk, Shanna TI Potential for ants and vertebrate predators to shape seed-dispersal dynamics of the invasive thistles Cirsium arvense and Carduus nutans in their introduced range (North America) SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Myrmecochory; Elaiosome; Mutualism; Seed dispersal; Ants; Vertebrate predators ID PLANT-POPULATION DYNAMICS; HARVESTER ANTS; CARPOBROTUS AIZOACEAE; COASTAL CALIFORNIA; DIRECTED DISPERSAL; CYTISUS-SCOPARIUS; EXOTIC SHRUB; ALIEN ACACIA; MYRMECOCHORY; HERBIVORES AB The population dynamics of invasive plants are influenced by positive and negative associations formed with members of the fauna present in the introduced range. For example, mutualistic associations formed with pollinators or seed dispersers may facilitate invasion, but reduced fitness from attack by native herbivores can also suppress it. Since population expansion depends on effective seed dispersal, interactions with seed dispersers and predators in a plant species introduced range may be of particular importance. We explored the relative contributions of potential seed dispersers (ants) and vertebrate predators (rodents and birds) to seed removal of two diplochorous (i.e., wind- and ant-dispersed), invasive thistles, Cirsium arvense and Carduus nutans, in Colorado, USA. We also conducted behavior trials to explore the potential of different ant species to disperse seeds, and we quantified which potential ant dispersers were prevalent at our study locations. Both ants and vertebrate predators removed significant amounts of C. arvense and C. nutans seed, with the relative proportion of seed removed by each guild varying by location. The behavior trials revealed clear seed preferences among three ant species as well as differences in the foragers' abilities to move seeds. In addition, two ant species that acted as potential dispersal agents were dominant at the study locations. Since local conditions in part determined whether dispersers or predators removed more seed, it is possible that some thistle populations benefit from a net dispersal effect, while others suffer proportionally more predation. Additionally, because the effectiveness of potential ant dispersers is taxon-specific, changes in ant community composition could affect the seed-dispersal dynamics of these thistles. Until now, most studies describing dispersal dynamics in C. arvense and C. nutans have focused on primary dispersal by wind or pre-dispersal seed predation by insects. Our findings suggest that animal-mediated dispersal and post-dispersal seed predation deserve further consideration. C1 [Alba-Lynn, Christina] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Alba-Lynn, Christina] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Henk, Shanna] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Alba-Lynn, C (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM calba@rams.colostate.edu RI Alba, Christina/H-1579-2014 OI Alba, Christina/0000-0001-7040-8480 NR 71 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 210 IS 2 BP 291 EP 301 DI 10.1007/s11258-010-9757-2 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 642ZE UT WOS:000281259700008 ER PT J AU Park, DH Mirabella, R Bronstein, PA Preston, GM Haring, MA Lim, CK Collmer, A Schuurink, RC AF Park, Duck Hwan Mirabella, Rossana Bronstein, Philip A. Preston, Gail M. Haring, Michel A. Lim, Chun Keun Collmer, Alan Schuurink, Robert C. TI Mutations in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase genes in plants or Pseudomonas syringae reduce bacterial virulence SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GABA; Pto DC3000; virulence; Hrp regulon; Arabidopsis ID PV. TOMATO DC3000; III SECRETION SYSTEM; SUCCINIC-SEMIALDEHYDE-DEHYDROGENASE; SIGNAL SALICYLIC-ACID; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GLUTAMATE-DECARBOXYLASE; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; CLADOSPORIUM-FULVUM AB P>Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 is a bacterial pathogen of Arabidopsis and tomato that grows in the apoplast. The non-protein amino acid gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is produced by Arabidopsis and tomato and is the most abundant amino acid in the apoplastic fluid of tomato. The DC3000 genome harbors three genes annotated as gabT GABA transaminases. A DC3000 mutant lacking all three gabT genes was constructed and found to be unable to utilize GABA as a sole carbon and nitrogen source. In complete minimal media supplemented with GABA, the mutant grew less well than wild-type DC3000 and showed strongly reduced expression of hrpL and avrPto, which encode an alternative sigma factor and effector, respectively, associated with the type III secretion system. The growth of the gabT triple mutant was weakly reduced in Arabidopsis ecotype Landberg erecta (Ler) and strongly reduced in the Ler pop2-1 GABA transaminase-deficient mutant that accumulates higher levels of GABA. Much of the ability to grow on GABA-amended minimal media or in Arabidopsis pop2-1 leaves could be restored to the gabT triple mutant by expression in trans of just gabT2. The ability of DC3000 to elicit the hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco leaves is dependent upon deployment of the type III secretion system, and the gabT triple mutant was less able than wild-type DC3000 to elicit this HR when bacteria were infiltrated along with GABA at levels of 1 mm or more. GABA may have multiple effects on P. syringae-plant interactions, with elevated levels increasing disease resistance. C1 [Mirabella, Rossana; Haring, Michel A.; Schuurink, Robert C.] Univ Amsterdam, Swammerdam Inst Life Sci, Dept Plant Physiol, NL-1098 XM Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Park, Duck Hwan; Bronstein, Philip A.; Collmer, Alan] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bronstein, Philip A.] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Preston, Gail M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford OX1 3RB, England. [Lim, Chun Keun] Kangwon Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Div Bioresources Technol, Lab Bacterial Genet & Biotechnol, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. RP Schuurink, RC (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Swammerdam Inst Life Sci, Dept Plant Physiol, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XM Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM r.c.schuurink@uva.nl FU NSF [DBI-0605059]; NWO-ALW [863.06.004]; Korean Foundation (MOEHRD) [KRF-2007-357-F00003] FX We thank Kent Loeffler for photography and Bryan Swingle for pBS46. This work was supported by NSF Plant Genome Research Program grant DBI-0605059 (A.C.), NWO-ALW VENI grant 863.06.004 (R.M. & R.C.S), Korean Foundation Grant (MOEHRD: KRF-2007-357-F00003 (D.H.P). NR 69 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 64 IS 2 BP 318 EP 330 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04327.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 663IH UT WOS:000282876100012 PM 21070411 ER PT J AU Singer, SD Cox, KD Liu, ZR AF Singer, Stacy D. Cox, Kerik D. Liu, Zongrang TI Both the constitutive Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S and tissue-specific AGAMOUS enhancers activate transcription autonomously in Arabidopsis thaliana SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Enhancer; 35S promoter; AGAMOUS second intron; Transcription initiation; Long-distance activation of gene expression; Arabidopsis thaliana ID LOCUS-CONTROL REGION; BETA-GLOBIN LOCUS; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; HS2 ENHANCER; INTERGENIC TRANSCRIPTION; PROMOTER SEQUENCES; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; 2ND INTRON; DROSOPHILA AB The expression of eukaryotic genes from their cognate promoters is often regulated by the action of transcriptional enhancer elements that function in an orientation-independent manner either locally or at a distance within a genome. This interactive nature often provokes unexpected interference within transgenes in plants, as reflected by misexpression of the introduced gene and undesired phenotypes in transgenic lines. To gain a better understanding of the mechanism underlying enhancer/promoter interactions in a plant system, we analyzed the activation of a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene by enhancers contained within the AGAMOUS second intron (AGI) and the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, respectively, in the presence and absence of a target promoter. Our results indicate that both the AGI and 35S enhancers, which differ significantly in their species of origin and in the pattern of expression that they induce, have the capacity to activate the expression of a nearby gene through the promoter-independent initiation of autonomous transcriptional events. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the 35S enhancer utilizes a mechanism resembling animal- and yeast-derived scanning or facilitated tracking models of long-distance enhancer action in its activation of a remote target promoter. C1 [Singer, Stacy D.; Liu, Zongrang] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Liu, ZR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM zongrang.liu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; USDA CSREES [2006-03701] FX The authors wish to thank Mr. Dennis Bennett (USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV) for his technical assistance. This study was funded by the USDA-ARS Headquarter 2007 class of postdoctoral grants and a USDA CSREES BRAG grant (2006-03701). NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 74 IS 3 BP 293 EP 305 DI 10.1007/s11103-010-9673-9 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 649SN UT WOS:000281793800008 PM 20703807 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, EA Ort, DR AF Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Ort, Donald R. TI How Do We Improve Crop Production in a Warming World? SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RUBISCO ACTIVASE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; RICE PRODUCTION; HEAT-STRESS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; YIELD; FOOD C1 [Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Global Change & Photosynthesis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Global Change & Photosynthesis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ort, DR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Global Change & Photosynthesis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM d-ort@illinois.edu NR 50 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 63 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 154 IS 2 BP 526 EP 530 DI 10.1104/pp.110.161349 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 658TM UT WOS:000282512300022 PM 20921178 ER PT J AU Vance, CP AF Vance, Carroll P. TI Quantitative Trait Loci, Epigenetics, Sugars, and MicroRNAs: Quaternaries in Phosphate Acquisition and Use SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS L.; ROOT-SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE; INDUCED GENE-EXPRESSION; PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; STARVATION RESPONSE; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; HISTONE H2A.Z; WHITE LUPIN; STRESS C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Agron & Plant Genet Dept, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Vance, CP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Agron & Plant Genet Dept, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM carroll.vance@ars.usda.gov NR 79 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 154 IS 2 BP 582 EP 588 DI 10.1104/pp.110.161067 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 658TM UT WOS:000282512300033 PM 20921189 ER PT J AU Campbell, R Ducreux, LJM Morris, WL Morris, JA Suttle, JC Ramsay, G Bryan, GJ Hedley, PE Taylor, MA AF Campbell, Raymond Ducreux, Laurence J. M. Morris, Wayne L. Morris, Jenny A. Suttle, Jeffrey C. Ramsay, Gavin Bryan, Glenn J. Hedley, Pete E. Taylor, Mark A. TI The Metabolic and Developmental Roles of Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase4 from Potato SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TIME RT-PCR; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; BETA-CAROTENE; ABSCISIC-ACID; GENES; BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS; IDENTIFICATION; ACCUMULATION; EXPRESSION AB The factors that regulate storage organ carotenoid content remain to be fully elucidated, despite the nutritional and economic importance of this class of compound. Recent findings suggest that carotenoid pool size is determined, at least in part, by the activity of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase4 (CCD4) activity affects potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber carotenoid content. Microarray analysis revealed elevated expression of the potato CCD4 gene in mature tubers from white-fleshed cultivars compared with higher carotenoid yellow-fleshed tubers. The expression level of the potato CCD4 gene was down-regulated using an RNA interference (RNAi) approach in stable transgenic lines. Down-regulation in tubers resulted in an increased carotenoid content, 2-to 5-fold higher than in control plants. The increase in carotenoid content was mainly due to elevated violaxanthin content, implying that this carotenoid may act as the in vivo substrate. Although transcript level was also reduced in plant organs other than tubers, such as leaves, stems, and roots, there was no change in carotenoid content in these organs. However, carotenoid levels were elevated in flower petals from RNAi lines. As well as changes in tuber carotenoid content, tubers from RNAi lines exhibited phenotypes such as heat sprouting, formation of chain tubers, and an elongated shape. These results suggest that the product of the CCD4 reaction may be an important factor in tuber heat responses. C1 [Campbell, Raymond; Ducreux, Laurence J. M.; Morris, Wayne L.; Morris, Jenny A.; Ramsay, Gavin; Bryan, Glenn J.; Hedley, Pete E.; Taylor, Mark A.] Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Suttle, Jeffrey C.] N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Potato Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Taylor, MA (reprint author), Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. EM mark.taylor@scri.ac.uk RI Hedley, Peter/F-1149-2011 FU Scottish Government Rural and Environmental Research and Analysis Directorate (EU) [PL 016214, EU-FP7 METAPRO 244348] FX This work was supported by the Scottish Government Rural and Environmental Research and Analysis Directorate (EU-SOL project no. PL 016214 and EU-FP7 METAPRO 244348). NR 47 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 154 IS 2 BP 656 EP 664 DI 10.1104/pp.110.158733 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 658TM UT WOS:000282512300042 PM 20688977 ER PT J AU Xia, Y Yu, KS Navarre, D Seebold, K Kachroo, A Kachroo, P AF Xia, Ye Yu, Keshun Navarre, Duroy Seebold, Kenneth Kachroo, Aardra Kachroo, Pradeep TI The glabra1 Mutation Affects Cuticle Formation and Plant Responses to Microbes SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; FATTY-ACID LEVELS; THALIANA L HEYNH; SALICYLIC-ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; JASMONIC-ACID; TRICHOME DIFFERENTIATION; GLYCEROLIPID METABOLISM; CELL-DIFFERENTIATION; ENHANCED RESISTANCE AB Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a form of defense that provides resistance against a broad spectrum of pathogens in plants. Previous work indicates a role for plastidial glycerolipid biosynthesis in SAR. Specifically, mutations in FATTY ACID DESATURASE7 (FAD7), which lead to reduced trienoic fatty acid levels and compromised plastidial lipid biosynthesis, have been associated with defective SAR. We show that the defective SAR in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) fad7-1 plants is not associated with a mutation in FAD7 but rather with a second-site mutation in GLABRA1 (GL1), a gene well known for its role in trichome formation. The compromised SAR in gl1 plants is associated with impairment in their cuticles. Furthermore, mutations in two other components of trichome development, GL3 and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1, also impaired cuticle development and SAR. This suggests an overlap in the biochemical pathways leading to cuticle and trichome development. Interestingly, exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA) not only enhanced SAR in wild-type plants but also restored SAR in gl1 plants. In contrast to GA, the defense phytohoromes salicylic acid and jasmonic acid were unable to restore SAR in gl1 plants. GA application increased levels of cuticular components but not trichome formation on gl1 plants, thus implicating cuticle, but not trichomes, as an important component of SAR. Our findings question the prudence of using mutant backgrounds for genetic screens and underscore a need to reevaluate phenotypes previously studied in the gl1 background. C1 [Xia, Ye; Yu, Keshun; Seebold, Kenneth; Kachroo, Aardra; Kachroo, Pradeep] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Navarre, Duroy] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Kachroo, P (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM pk62@uky.edu FU National Science Foundation [MCB 0421914, IOS 0749731]; Kentucky Science and Engineering Foundation [KSEF-09-RDE-012] FX This work by supported by the National Science Foundation (grant nos. MCB 0421914 and IOS 0749731) and the Kentucky Science and Engineering Foundation (grant no. KSEF-09-RDE-012). NR 84 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 154 IS 2 BP 833 EP 846 DI 10.1104/pp.110.161646 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 658TM UT WOS:000282512300056 PM 20699396 ER PT J AU Voelker, SL Lachenbruch, B Meinzer, FC Jourdes, M Ki, CY Patten, AM Davin, LB Lewis, NG Tuskan, GA Gunter, L Decker, SR Selig, MJ Sykes, R Himmel, ME Kitin, P Shevchenko, O Strauss, SH AF Voelker, Steven L. Lachenbruch, Barbara Meinzer, Frederick C. Jourdes, Michael Ki, Chanyoung Patten, Ann M. Davin, Laurence B. Lewis, Norman G. Tuskan, Gerald A. Gunter, Lee Decker, Stephen R. Selig, Michael J. Sykes, Robert Himmel, Michael E. Kitin, Peter Shevchenko, Olga Strauss, Steven H. TI Antisense Down-Regulation of 4CL Expression Alters Lignification, Tree Growth, and Saccharification Potential of Field-Grown Poplar SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; PHENYLPROPANOID METABOLISM; 4-COUMARATE-COA LIGASE; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; VASCULAR INTEGRITY; TRANSGENIC POPLARS; QUAKING ASPEN AB Transgenic down-regulation of the Pt4CL1 gene family encoding 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL) has been reported as a means for reducing lignin content in cell walls and increasing overall growth rates, thereby improving feedstock quality for paper and bioethanol production. Using hybrid poplar (Populus tremula x Populus alba), we applied this strategy and examined field-grown transformants for both effects on wood biochemistry and tree productivity. The reductions in lignin contents obtained correlated well with 4CL RNA expression, with a sharp decrease in lignin amount being observed for RNA expression below approximately 50% of the nontransgenic control. Relatively small lignin reductions of approximately 10% were associated with reduced productivity, decreased wood syringyl/guaiacyl lignin monomer ratios, and a small increase in the level of incorporation of H-monomers (p-hydroxyphenyl) into cell walls. Transgenic events with less than approximately 50% 4CL RNA expression were characterized by patches of reddish-brown discolored wood that had approximately twice the extractive content of controls (largely complex polyphenolics). There was no evidence that substantially reduced lignin contents increased growth rates or saccharification potential. Our results suggest that the capacity for lignin reduction is limited; below a threshold, large changes in wood chemistry and plant metabolism were observed that adversely affected productivity and potential ethanol yield. They also underline the importance of field studies to obtain physiologically meaningful results and to support technology development with transgenic trees. C1 [Shevchenko, Olga; Strauss, Steven H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Voelker, Steven L.; Lachenbruch, Barbara] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Meinzer, Frederick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jourdes, Michael; Ki, Chanyoung; Patten, Ann M.; Davin, Laurence B.; Lewis, Norman G.] Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Tuskan, Gerald A.; Gunter, Lee; Decker, Stephen R.; Selig, Michael J.; Sykes, Robert; Himmel, Michael E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Decker, Stephen R.; Selig, Michael J.; Sykes, Robert; Himmel, Michael E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kitin, Peter] Royal Museum Cent Africa, Lab Wood Biol & Xylarium, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. RP Strauss, SH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM steve.strauss@oregonstate.edu RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; Kitin, Peter/D-9244-2014; Voelker, Steven/O-2909-2014; Gunter, Lee/L-3480-2016 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; Gunter, Lee/0000-0003-1211-7532 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture for wood utilization; Tree Biosafety and Genomics Research Cooperative at Oregon State University FX This work was supported by a special grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture for wood utilization to the Department of Wood Science and Engineering. Funding for the establishment of the field trial was provided by the Tree Biosafety and Genomics Research Cooperative at Oregon State University. NR 73 TC 91 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 52 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 154 IS 2 BP 874 EP 886 DI 10.1104/pp.110.159269 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 658TM UT WOS:000282512300059 PM 20729393 ER PT J AU Kitin, P Voelker, SL Meinzer, FC Beeckman, H Strauss, SH Lachenbruch, B AF Kitin, Peter Voelker, Steven L. Meinzer, Frederick C. Beeckman, Hans Strauss, Steven H. Lachenbruch, Barbara TI Tyloses and Phenolic Deposits in Xylem Vessels Impede Water Transport in Low-Lignin Transgenic Poplars: A Study by Cryo-Fluorescence Microscopy SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATA D DON; PINUS-RADIATA; 4-COUMARATE-COA LIGASE; DOWN-REGULATION; HYBRID POPLAR; CELL-WALLS; MECHANICAL PERTURBATION; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; SECONDARY METABOLISM; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE AB Of 14 transgenic poplar genotypes (Populus tremula x Populus alba) with antisense 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase that were grown in the field for 2 years, five that had substantial lignin reductions also had greatly reduced xylem-specific conductivity compared with that of control trees and those transgenic events with small reductions in lignin. For the two events with the lowest xylem lignin contents (greater than 40% reduction), we used light microscopy methods and acid fuchsin dye ascent studies to clarify what caused their reduced transport efficiency. A novel protocol involving dye stabilization and cryo-fluorescence microscopy enabled us to visualize the dye at the cellular level and to identify water-conducting pathways in the xylem. Cryo-fixed branch segments were planed in the frozen state on a sliding cryo-microtome and observed with an epifluorescence microscope equipped with a cryo-stage. We could then distinguish clearly between phenolic-occluded vessels, conductive (stain-filled) vessels, and nonconductive (water-or gas-filled) vessels. Low-lignin trees contained areas of nonconductive, brown xylem with patches of collapsed cells and patches of noncollapsed cells filled with phenolics. In contrast, phenolics and nonconductive vessels were rarely observed in normal colored wood of the low-lignin events. The results of cryo-fluorescence light microscopy were supported by observations with a confocal microscope after freeze drying of cryo-planed samples. Moreover, after extraction of the phenolics, confocal microscopy revealed that many of the vessels in the nonconductive xylem were blocked with tyloses. We conclude that reduced transport efficiency of the transgenic low-lignin xylem was largely caused by blockages from tyloses and phenolic deposits within vessels rather than by xylem collapse. C1 [Kitin, Peter; Beeckman, Hans] Royal Museum Cent Africa, Lab Wood Biol & Xylarium, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. [Voelker, Steven L.; Lachenbruch, Barbara] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Strauss, Steven H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Meinzer, Frederick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kitin, P (reprint author), Royal Museum Cent Africa, Lab Wood Biol & Xylarium, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. EM peter.kitin@oregonstate.edu RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; Kitin, Peter/D-9244-2014; Voelker, Steven/O-2909-2014 FU European Commission [MOIF 040400]; National Institutes of Health; Environmental and Health Sciences Center at Oregon State University [1S10RR107903-01] FX This work was supported by a Marie Curie Outgoing International Fellowship of the European Commission (no. MOIF 040400 to P. K.) and by an award from the National Institutes of Health to the Confocal Microscopy Facility of the Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and the Environmental and Health Sciences Center at Oregon State University (grant no. 1S10RR107903-01). NR 108 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 33 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 154 IS 2 BP 887 EP 898 DI 10.1104/pp.110.156224 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 658TM UT WOS:000282512300060 PM 20639405 ER PT J AU Bhaskar, PB Wu, L Busse, JS Whitty, BR Hamernik, AJ Jansky, SH Buell, CR Bethke, PC Jiang, JM AF Bhaskar, Pudota B. Wu, Lei Busse, James S. Whitty, Brett R. Hamernik, Andy J. Jansky, Shelley H. Buell, C. Robin Bethke, Paul C. Jiang, Jiming TI Suppression of the Vacuolar Invertase Gene Prevents Cold-Induced Sweetening in Potato SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TO-SUCROSE RATIO; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; ACID INVERTASE; SUGAR CONTENT; CULTIVATED POTATO; MAILLARD REACTION; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; LOW-TEMPERATURE; TOMATO FRUIT; CHIP COLOR AB Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the third most important food crop in the world. Potato tubers must be stored at cold temperatures to prevent sprouting, minimize disease losses, and supply consumers and the processing industry with high-quality tubers throughout the year. Unfortunately, cold storage triggers an accumulation of reducing sugars in tubers. High-temperature processing of these tubers results in dark-colored, bitter-tasting products. Such products also have elevated amounts of acrylamide, a neurotoxin and potential carcinogen. We demonstrate that silencing the potato vacuolar acid invertase gene V-Inv prevents reducing sugar accumulation in cold-stored tubers. Potato chips processed from VInv silencing lines showed a 15-fold acrylamide reduction and were light in color even when tubers were stored at 4 degrees C. Comparable, low levels of VInv gene expression were observed in cold-stored tubers from wild potato germplasm stocks that are resistant to cold-induced sweetening. Thus, both processing quality and acrylamide problems in potato can be controlled effectively by suppression of the VInv gene through biotechnology or targeted breeding. C1 [Bhaskar, Pudota B.; Wu, Lei; Jansky, Shelley H.; Bethke, Paul C.; Jiang, Jiming] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wu, Lei] Inner Mongolia Univ, Inner Mongolia Potato Engn & Technol Res Ctr, Hohhot 010021, Peoples R China. [Busse, James S.; Hamernik, Andy J.; Jansky, Shelley H.; Bethke, Paul C.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Whitty, Brett R.; Buell, C. Robin] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Jiang, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jjiang1@wisc.edu RI pudota, bhaskar/C-5896-2011; Jiang, Jiming/A-9614-2009; OI Whitty, Brett/0000-0001-5776-5424 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0218166, DBI-0604907]; Wisconsin Potato Industry FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant nos. DBI-0218166 and DBI-0604907) and by an Outstanding Graduate Fellowship from the Wisconsin Potato Industry to P.B.B. NR 53 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 154 IS 2 BP 939 EP 948 DI 10.1104/pp.110.162545 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 658TM UT WOS:000282512300064 PM 20736383 ER PT J AU Soria-Guerra, RE Rosales-Mendoza, S Chang, S Haudenshield, JS Zheng, DM Rao, SS Hartman, GL Ghabrial, SA Korban, SS AF Soria-Guerra, Ruth Elena Rosales-Mendoza, Sergio Chang, Sungyul Haudenshield, James S. Zheng, Danman Rao, Suryadevara S. Hartman, Glen L. Ghabrial, Said A. Korban, Schuyler S. TI Identifying differentially expressed genes in leaves of Glycine tomentella in the presence of the fungal pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Glycine tomentella; Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH); Phakopsora pachyrhizi; Defense responses; Resistance genes ID SUPPRESSION SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; SOYBEAN RUST; MOLECULAR-CLONING; JASMONIC ACID; PLANT DEFENSE; CAUSAL AGENT; GROWTH STAGE; RESISTANT; ARABIDOPSIS; METABOLISM AB To compare transcription profiles in genotypes of Glycine tomentella that are differentially sensitive to soybean rust, caused by the fungal pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi, four cDNA libraries were constructed using the suppression subtractive hybridization method. Libraries were constructed from rust-infected and non-infected leaves of resistant (PI509501) and susceptible (PI441101) genotypes of G. tomentella, and subjected to subtractive hybridization. A total of 1,536 sequences were obtained from these cDNA libraries from which 195 contigs and 865 singletons were identified. Of these sequenced cDNA clones, functions of 646 clones (61%) were determined. In addition, 160 clones (15%) had significant homology to hypothetical proteins; while the remaining 254 clones (24%) did not reveal any hits. Of those 646 clones with known functions, different genes encoding protein products involved in metabolism, cell defense, energy, protein synthesis, transcription, and cellular transport were identified. These findings were subsequently confirmed by real time RT-PCR and dot blot hybridization. C1 [Haudenshield, James S.; Hartman, Glen L.; Korban, Schuyler S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Soria-Guerra, Ruth Elena; Rosales-Mendoza, Sergio; Chang, Sungyul; Zheng, Danman; Hartman, Glen L.; Korban, Schuyler S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61821 USA. [Rao, Suryadevara S.; Ghabrial, Said A.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Hartman, Glen L.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61821 USA. RP Korban, SS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM korban@illinois.edu FU United Soybean Board [7262]; Illinois Council for Food and Agricultural Research (C-FAR) [IDA CF07I-016-3-SEN]; CONACYT (Mexico) [81276 (C000/117/08)] FX This study was supported by a grant received from the United Soybean Board Project # 7262. Funds were also received from the Illinois Council for Food and Agricultural Research (C-FAR) project no. IDA CF07I-016-3-SEN. Partial funding was also received from CONACYT (Mexico) to support scholarship no. 81276 (C000/117/08). NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD OCT PY 2010 VL 232 IS 5 BP 1181 EP 1189 DI 10.1007/s00425-010-1251-5 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 651CY UT WOS:000281903400014 PM 20711604 ER PT J AU Kim, SI Tai, TH AF Kim, Sang-Ic Tai, Thomas H. TI Genetic analysis of two OsLpa1-like genes in Arabidopsis reveals that only one is required for wild-type seed phytic acid levels SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Inositol phosphate metabolism; Phytic acid; Heterologous complementation; Oryza sativa; Ortholog; Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutant ID INOSITOL PHOSPHATE KINASE; SPIRODELA-POLYRHIZA L; MESSENGER-RNA EXPORT; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; LOW-PHYTATE; RICE; MAIZE; THALIANA; HEXAKISPHOSPHATE; EXPRESSION AB Phytic acid (inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate or InsP(6)) is the primary storage form of phosphorus in plant seeds. The rice OsLpa1 encodes a novel protein required for wild-type levels of seed InsP(6) and was identified from a low phytic acid (lpa) mutant exhibiting a 45-50% reduction in seed InsP(6). OsLpa1 is highly conserved in plants and Arabidopsis contains two OsLpa1-like genes, At3g45090 and At5g60760. Analysis of homozygous T-DNA insertion mutants of At5g60760 revealed significantly reduced levels of seed InsP(6) while no changes were observed in seeds of At3g45090 mutants. A double knockout mutant of At5g60760 and At3g45090 was created and its seed InsP(6) content was similar to that of the At5g60760 mutant indicating that At3g45090 does not provide functional redundancy. OsLpa1 was confirmed to be the ortholog of At5g60760 by complementation of a knockout mutant with a cDNA clone corresponding to the largest of three alternative transcripts of OsLpa1. The spatial and temporal expression of At5g60760 during seed development is consistent with its involvement in seed InsP(6) biosynthesis. C1 [Kim, Sang-Ic; Tai, Thomas H.] Univ Calif Davis, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, USDA, ARS,Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Tai, TH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, USDA, ARS,Dept Plant Sci, Mail Stop 1, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Thomas.Tai@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [5306-21000-016/017-00D]; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2005-35301-15708] FX This study was supported by USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS Project 5306-21000-016/017-00D (T. H. T.) and National Research Initiative Competitive Grant 2005-35301-15708 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (T. H. T.). We are thankful to the UC Davis DANR Analytical Lab for assistance with HPIC analysis and to Victor Raboy, Cynthia Andaya, and Erin Easlon for critical reading of the manuscript and helpful suggestions for improvement. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD OCT PY 2010 VL 232 IS 5 BP 1241 EP 1250 DI 10.1007/s00425-010-1243-5 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 651CY UT WOS:000281903400019 PM 20734061 ER PT J AU Carlson, CM Turpin, EA Moser, LA O'Brien, KB Cline, TD Jones, JC Tumpey, TM Katz, JM Kelley, LA Gauldie, J Schultz-Cherry, S AF Carlson, Christina M. Turpin, Elizabeth A. Moser, Lindsey A. O'Brien, Kevin B. Cline, Troy D. Jones, Jeremy C. Tumpey, Terrence M. Katz, Jacqueline M. Kelley, Laura A. Gauldie, Jack Schultz-Cherry, Stacey TI Transforming Growth Factor-beta: Activation by Neuraminidase and Role in Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza Pathogenesis SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID LATENT TGF-BETA; INTEGRIN-MEDIATED ACTIVATION; EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; STALK-LENGTH; VIRUSES; LUNG; HEMAGGLUTININ; TGF-BETA-1; GENE AB Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a multifunctional cytokine regulating several immunologic processes, is expressed by virtually all cells as a biologically inactive molecule termed latent TGF-beta (LTGF-beta). We have previously shown that TGF-beta activity increases during influenza virus infection in mice and suggested that the neuraminidase (NA) protein mediates this activation. In the current study, we determined the mechanism of activation of LTGF-beta by NA from the influenza virus A/Gray Teal/Australia/2/1979 by mobility shift and enzyme inhibition assays. We also investigated whether exogenous TGF-beta administered via a replication-deficient adenovirus vector provides protection from H5N1 influenza pathogenesis and whether depletion of TGF-beta during virus infection increases morbidity in mice. We found that both the influenza and bacterial NA activate LTGF-beta by removing sialic acid motifs from LTGF-beta, each NA being specific for the sialic acid linkages cleaved. Further, NA likely activates LTGF-beta primarily via its enzymatic activity, but proteases might also play a role in this process. Several influenza A virus subtypes (H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, H5N9, H6N1, and H7N3) except the highly pathogenic H5N1 strains activated LTGF-beta in vitro and in vivo. Addition of exogenous TGF-beta to H5N1 influenza virus-infected mice delayed mortality and reduced viral titers whereas neutralization of TGF-beta during H5N1 and pandemic 2009 H1N1 infection increased morbidity. Together, these data show that microbe-associated NAs can directly activate LTGF-beta and that TGF-beta plays a pivotal role protecting the host from influenza pathogenesis. C1 [Carlson, Christina M.; Moser, Lindsey A.; O'Brien, Kevin B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Turpin, Elizabeth A.] Pfizer Inc, Dept Viral Vaccines, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [O'Brien, Kevin B.; Cline, Troy D.; Jones, Jeremy C.; Schultz-Cherry, Stacey] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Tumpey, Terrence M.; Katz, Jacqueline M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kelley, Laura A.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Gauldie, Jack] McMaster Univ, Dept Pathol & Mol Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada. RP Carlson, CM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM stacey.schultz-cherry@stjude.org RI Carlson, Christina/D-8327-2013; Carlson, Christina/P-6507-2015 OI Carlson, Christina/0000-0002-4950-8273; Carlson, Christina/0000-0002-4950-8273 FU Sigma Xi; McArdle Tumor Virology [T32 CA09075-26]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; National Foundation for Infectious Disease [NIH AI059049]; NIH NIAID [HHSN266200700005C]; American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC) FX This work was supported by a Sigma Xi Grants-in-Aid-of-Research to C. Carlson; McArdle Tumor Virology T32 CA09075-26 to E. Turpin; Howard Hughes Medical Institute Gilliam Fellowship, and a Sigma Xi Grants-in-Aid-of-Research to K. O'Brien; National Foundation for Infectious Disease New Investigator Matching Grant, NIH AI059049, and in part by the NIH NIAID contract number HHSN266200700005C and the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC) to S. Schultz-Cherry. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 68 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 6 IS 10 AR e1001136 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001136 PG 12 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 673IG UT WOS:000283652200012 PM 20949074 ER PT J AU Peebles, ED Park, SW Branton, SL Gerard, PD Womack, SK AF Peebles, E. D. Park, S. W. Branton, S. L. Gerard, P. D. Womack, S. K. TI Influence of supplemental dietary poultry fat, phytase, and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on the egg characteristics of commercial layers inoculated before or at the onset of lay with F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diet; egg characteristic; F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum; inoculation age; layer ID REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN CHARACTERISTICS; PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS; HENS; AGE; INFECTION; SYNOVIAE AB The effects of supplemental dietary poultry fat (PF), phytase (PHY), and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (D(3)) on the egg characteristics of commercial layers inoculated with F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (FMG) were investigated in 2 trials. Sham and FMG inoculations were administered at 12 (before lay) and 22 (onset of lay) wk and 4 dietary treatments [basal control diet (BCD); BCD with 0.75% supplemental PF; BCD with 1.50% supplemental PF; BCD with 1.50% supplemental PF, 0.013% PHY, and 0.025% D(3)] were initiated at 20 wk of age. Percentages of albumen, yolk, and eggshell weights; yolk: albumen ratio; yolk moisture and lipid concentrations; and eggshell weight per unit of surface area were determined at 24, 34, 44, 50, and 58 wk of age. Inoculation with FMG reduced yolk lipid concentration at wk 24 and increased yolk moisture concentration at wk 58. In birds inoculated on wk 22, percentage of yolk weight was lower in those inoculated with FMG compared with those that were sham-inoculated. Yolk: albumen ratio was lower in birds that were FMG-inoculated at 22 wk of age compared with those that were sham-inoculated at the same age or that were FMG-inoculated at 12 wk of age. Percentage of yolk weight was greater in birds inoculated at wk 22 and fed the BCD with 1.50% supplemental PF treatment compared with those inoculated at wk 22 and fed the BCD or BCD with 1.50% supplemental PF, 0.013% PHY, and 0.025% D(3) treatments and compared with birds inoculated at wk 12 and fed the BCD with 0.75% supplemental PF treatment. In conclusion, inoculation with FMG before or at the onset of lay caused a decrease in yolk lipid content early in lay but an increase in yolk moisture late in lay, and FMG reduced percentage of yolk weight in birds inoculated on wk 22. Furthermore, when used in combination with added 1.50% PF in birds inoculated on wk 22, supplementary PHY and D(3) prevented an increase in percentage of yolk weight that occurred in response to diets supplemented only with 1.50% PF. C1 [Peebles, E. D.; Park, S. W.; Womack, S. K.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Branton, S. L.] ARS, Poultry Res Unit, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Gerard, P. D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dpeebles@poultry.msstate.edu NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 10 BP 2078 EP 2082 DI 10.3382/ps.2010-00780 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 651ZK UT WOS:000281968100005 PM 20852097 ER PT J AU Chang, S Dunn, JR Heidari, M Lee, LF Song, J Ernst, CW Ding, Z Bacon, LD Zhang, H AF Chang, S. Dunn, J. R. Heidari, M. Lee, L. F. Song, J. Ernst, C. W. Ding, Z. Bacon, L. D. Zhang, H. TI Genetics and vaccine efficacy: Host genetic variation affecting Marek's disease vaccine efficacy in White Leghorn chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE host genetics; vaccine efficacy; Marek's disease vaccine ID B-HAPLOTYPE INFLUENCE; RECOMBINANT CONGENIC STRAINS; VIRUS-INDUCED TUMORS; RELATIVE EFFICACY; HERPESVIRUS INFECTION; MATERNAL ANTIBODIES; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; TURKEY HERPESVIRUS; BROILER-CHICKENS; CELL CULTURE AB Marek's disease (MD) is a T-cell lymphoma disease of domestic chickens induced by MD virus (MDV), a naturally oncogenic and highly contagious cell-associated alpha-herpesvirus. Earlier reports have shown that the MHC haplotype as well as non-MHC genes are responsible for genetic resistance to MD. The MHC was also shown to affect efficiency of vaccine response. Using specific-pathogen-free chickens from a series of 19 recombinant congenic strains and their 2 progenitor lines (lines 6(3) and 7(2)), vaccine challenge experiments were conducted to examine the effect of host genetic variation on vaccine efficacy. The 21 inbred lines of White Leghorns share the same B*2 MHC haplotype and the genome of each recombinant congenic strain differs by a random 1/8 sample of the susceptible donor line (7(2)) genome. Chickens from each of the lines were divided into 2 groups. One was vaccinated with turkey herpesvirus strain FC126 at the day of hatch and the other was treated as a nonvaccinated control. Chickens of both groups were inoculated with a very virulent plus strain of MDV on the fifth day posthatch. Analyses of the MD data showed that the genetic line significantly influenced MD incidence and days of survival post-MDV infection after vaccination of chickens (P < 0.01). The protective indices against MD varied greatly among the lines with a range of 0 up to 84%. This is the first evidence that non-MHC host genetic variation significantly affects MD vaccine efficacy in chickens in a designed prospective study. C1 [Chang, S.; Dunn, J. R.; Heidari, M.; Lee, L. F.; Bacon, L. D.; Zhang, H.] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Chang, S.; Ding, Z.] Jilin Univ, Coll Anim & Vet Sci, Changchun 130062, Peoples R China. [Chang, S.; Ernst, C. W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Song, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim Sci & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM huanmin.zhang@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Poultry & Egg Harold E. Ford Foundation [F020] FX We thank Evelyn Young, Barbara Riegle, and Barry Coulson at the Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory for their excellent technical assistance in hatching, vaccinating, and infecting the chickens. We also thank Richard Witter at the Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory for vital suggestions and critical reviews of the experiment design. This work was supported in part by a research grant, RE Project #F020, from U.S. Poultry & Egg Harold E. Ford Foundation. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 10 BP 2083 EP 2091 DI 10.3382/ps.2010-00740 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 651ZK UT WOS:000281968100006 PM 20852098 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Corzo, A Kidd, MT Tillman, PB McMurtry, JP Branton, SL AF Dozier, W. A., III Corzo, A. Kidd, M. T. Tillman, P. B. McMurtry, J. P. Branton, S. L. TI Digestible lysine requirements of male broilers from 28 to 42 days of age SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; lysine; live performance; carcass part; physiological variable ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; FED REPRESENTATIVE 1957; FEMALE BROILERS; IGF-I; LIVE PERFORMANCE; DIETARY-PROTEIN; CRUDE PROTEIN; URIC-ACID; CHICKS; INSULIN AB Research addressing digestible Lys requirement data of modern broilers from 4 to 6 wk of age is limited. Male broilers (1,632 Ross x Ross TP16 and 3,000 Cobb x Cobb 700) were used in separate experiments to determine the digestible Lys requirements from 28 to 42 d. In each experiment, 2 diets (dilution and summit) consisting of corn, soybean meal, animal protein meal, and peanut meal were formulated to be adequate in all other amino acids. The dilution and summit diets were blended to create 9 titration diets. A control diet formulated to contain corn, soybean meal, and animal protein meal as the primary ingredients was used for comparison with the titration diets. Body weight gain, feed intake, digestible Lys intake, digestible Lys intake: BW gain, feed conversion, mortality, carcass yields, and physiological measurements were assessed during experimentation. Digestible Lys requirements were estimated using a quadratic broken-line model. In experiment 1, the digestible Lys requirement for male Ross x Ross TP16 broilers was determined at 0.988, 1.053, 0.939, and 0.962%, respectively, for BW gain, feed conversion, carcass weight, and total breast meat weight. In experiment 2, the digestible Lys requirement for male Cobb x Cobb 700 broilers ranged from 0.965, 1.012, 1.029, 0.987, and 0.981%, respectively, for 28- to 42-d BW gain, feed conversion, carcass weight, total breast meat weight, and total breast meat yield. Digestible Lys requirements for male Ross x Ross TP16 and Cobb x Cobb 700 broilers were estimated at 1.001 and 0.995%, respectively, based upon averages of live performance and meat yield responses. Both strains required the highest requirement estimate of digestible Lys to optimize feed conversion. C1 [Dozier, W. A., III] Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Corzo, A.; Kidd, M. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Tillman, P. B.] Ajinomoto Heartland LLC, Chicago, IL 60631 USA. [McMurtry, J. P.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Branton, S. L.] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM bill.dozier@auburn.edu NR 35 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 10 BP 2173 EP 2182 DI 10.3382/ps.2010-00710 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 651ZK UT WOS:000281968100017 PM 20852109 ER PT J AU Johnson, RM Richard, EP AF Johnson, R. M. Richard, E. P., Jr. TI Variable-rate lime application in Louisiana sugarcane production systems SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Soil pH; Spatial variability ID PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN AB Precision agriculture may offer sugarcane growers a management system that decreases costs and maximizes profits, while minimizing any potential negative environmental impact. The utility of variable-rate (VR) lime application in the initial production year (plant cane) of a 3-year sugarcane crop cycle was investigated at three locations planted to the cultivar LCP 85-384 for a total of nine site-years. A conventional, uniform-rate (UR) lime application method was compared to a VR application method and a no-lime control. Prior to lime application, soil samples (0-200 mm) were taken on a 0.4 ha grid to produce VR application maps. Soil samples were also taken after each crop of the 3-year production cycle to determine effects of lime application on soil properties. The combined results showed that neither the UR nor VR lime application method consistently improved cane or sugar yields over the no-lime control. Cane and sugar yields at Naquin Farms (NF) were increased with both the UR and VR methods, with the UR method having a slight advantage. At St. Louis Plantation (SLP), only the VR method in the first-ratoon crop increased cane and sugar yields and there were no yield differences due to lime application at Ellendale Plantation (EP). At NF and SLP, application of lime in the plant-cane crop increased soil pH and available phosphorus over the 3-year production cycle. At EP, lime application did not influence any of the soil properties measured. The failure to get a yield response from lime application at SLP and EP may have been due to the fact that fertility levels at planting were already greater than those at NF and the nitrogen fertilizer rates used by the grower at EP were higher than those at either SLP or NF. This may have obscured any positive yield effects that would be realized from increased nutrient availability. It is also possible that multiple VR lime applications will be required over a number of crop cycles to stabilize soil pH levels before a consistent positive effect on cane and sugar yields is observed with VR application. This possibility will be investigated in future studies. C1 [Johnson, R. M.; Richard, E. P., Jr.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Johnson, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Lab, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM Richard.Johnson@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2256 J9 PRECIS AGRIC JI Precis. Agric. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 11 IS 5 BP 464 EP 474 DI 10.1007/s11119-009-9140-2 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 649SK UT WOS:000281793500003 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ AF Henry, Thomas J. TI NEW PLANT BUG (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE) RECORDS FOR WEST VIRGINIA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Insecta; Hemiptera; Heteroptera; Miridae; West Virginia; USA; new records ID NORTH-AMERICA HETEROPTERA; EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; PILOPHORINI HETEROPTERA; PHYLINAE; REVISION; FIEBER; GENUS; HAHN AB Thirty-two species of Miridae are recorded for the first time from West Virginia. With an additional six species reported in the literature and two subsequent synonymies since the 1983 "Annotated List..." by Wheeler, Mason, and Henry, 283 species of Miridae are now known from the state. The new records include six species in the subfamily Bryocorinae, two in Cylapinae, two in Deraeocorinae, twelve in Mirinae, seven in Orthotylinae, and three in Phylinae. Locality information, specific dates, associated host data, and number of specimens and sex are given for each species. Names used in the previous 1983 list are updated. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci,ARS,USDA, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci,ARS,USDA, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 112 IS 4 BP 490 EP 499 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.112.4.490 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 708IN UT WOS:000286355600002 ER PT J AU Hesler, LS Fothergill, K Tindall, KV Losey, JE AF Hesler, Louis S. Fothergill, Kent Tindall, Kelly V. Losey, John E. TI VARIATION IN ELYTRAL MACULAR FORMS OF COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA L. (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE sevenspotted lady beetle; elytral maculae; humeral markings; identification; taxonomic determination ID PIGMENTATION; BEETLE AB Coccinella septeinpunctata L. is a widespread Palearctic species that has been introduced several times into North America within the last century. It is generally considered monomorphic with seven elytral maculae in North America. In this paper, we document variation in elytral macular patterns of C. septempunctata based on examination of 674 (567 North American and 107 Palearctic) specimens of C. septempunctata and 382 digital submissions of North American C. septempunctata. Two beetles lacked apical maculae, and 18 beetles had paired humeral markings. Humeral markings were consistent in position and typically had less-dense black pigmentation than maculae. Sixteen of the 18 beetles with paired humeral markings were from 11 states in the United States, one was from Alberta, Canada, and one was from Italy. Some specimens had asymmetrical elytral markings that included pock marks, irregular fuscous markings, or both. Nineteen specimens of C. septempunctata (19 North American, 1 Palearctic) and 16 C. septempunctata in digital images had asymmetrical markings. Some beetles with paired humeral markings also had dark pock marks or irregular fuscous markings. We recommend examining additional C. septempunctata from various locations to accurately estimate frequency and pattern of variation in elytral macular forms. Possible causes and implications of variation in the elytral maculae of C. septempunctata are discussed. C1 [Hesler, Louis S.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Fothergill, Kent] Conservat Seeding & Restorat Inc, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Tindall, Kelly V.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Delta Res Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. [Losey, John E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hesler, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM louis.hesler@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 112 IS 4 BP 500 EP 507 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.112.4.500 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 708IN UT WOS:000286355600003 ER PT J AU Wheeler, AG Evans, GA Vandenberg, NJ AF Wheeler, A. G., Jr. Evans, Gregory A. Vandenberg, Natalia J. TI PSEUDOCOCCUS SACCHARICOLA TAKAHASHI (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) IN THE BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS: FIRST WESTERN HEMISPHERE RECORDS, WITH RECORDS OF A CO-OCCURRING LADY BEETLE, HYPERASPIS SCUTIFERA (MULSANT) (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Insecta; yellowish sugarcane mealybug; adventive species; insect detection; new records; new synonymy; West Indies ID DISPERSAL; INSECTS; INDIES; NORTH; PESTS AB Pseudococcus saccharicola Takahashi was collected on Guana Island, and nearby Beef Island and Tortola, in the British Virgin islands (BVI). The records are the first in the Western Hemisphere for this potentially important Old World pest of sugarcane and certain other graminoid crops. Host plants on Guana were Chloris barbata Sw. (swollen fingergrass), C. radiata (L.) (radiate fingergrass), Cynodon dactylon L. (bermudagrass), and Saccharum officinarum L. (sugarcane). A probable mealybug predator associated with colonies of P. saccharicola on all three islands was the hyperaspidine coccinellid Hyperaspis scutifera (Mulsant), previously recorded in the West Indies only from the Leeward Antilles (Curacao). Both the mealybug and lady beetle are considered adventive in the BVI. Diagnoses and illustrations of both species are provided to facilitate their recognition. Hyperaspis sanctaeritae Dobzhansky, 1941, described from Arizona, USA, is proposed (by N.J.V.) as a junior synonym of H. scutifera (Mulsant 1850). C1 [Wheeler, A. G., Jr.] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Evans, Gregory A.] USDA APHIS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vandenberg, Natalia J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Wheeler, AG (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM awhlr@clemson.edu; Gregory.A.Evans@aphis.usda.gov; Natalia.Vandenberg@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 112 IS 4 BP 565 EP 575 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.112.4.565 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 708IN UT WOS:000286355600011 ER PT J AU Burt, TP Swank, WT AF Burt, T. P. Swank, W. T. TI Separating storm-hydrographs from small drainage-areas into surface- and subsurface-flow (Reprinted from Transactions, American Geophysical Union vol 22, pg 863, 1941) SO PROGRESS IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Reprint ID LINKING C1 [Burt, T. P.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Swank, W. T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Burt, TP (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Geog, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM t.p.burt@durham.ac.uk NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0309-1333 J9 PROG PHYS GEOG JI Prog. Phys. Geogr. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 34 IS 5 BP 719 EP 726 DI 10.1177/0309133310377040 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 652YE UT WOS:000282047700007 ER PT J AU Luster, DG McMahon, MB Carter, ML Fortis, LL Nunez, A AF Luster, Douglas G. McMahon, Michael B. Carter, Melissa L. Fortis, Laurie L. Nunez, Alberto TI Proteomic analysis of germinating urediniospores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, causal agent of Asian soybean rust SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE 2-DE; Fungal Proteins; MALDI-TOF/TOF; Microbiology; Phakopsora Pachyrhizi; Urediniospores ID COLLETOTRICHUM-GLOEOSPORIOIDES; UROMYCES-APPENDICULATUS; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; PROTEINS; UREDOSPORES; TEMPERATURE AB Phakopsora pachyrhizi is an obligate pathogen that causes Asian soybean rust. Asian soybean rust has an unusually broad host range and infects by direct penetration through the leaf cuticle. In order to understand the early events in the infection process, it is important to identify and characterize proteins in P. pachyrhizi. Germination of the urediniospore is the first stage in the infection process and represents a critical life stage applicable to studies with this obligate pathogen. We have applied a 2-DE and MS approach to identify 117 proteins from the National Center of Biotechnology Information nonredundant protein database and a custom database of Basidiomycota EST sequences. Proteins with roles in primary metabolism, energy transduction, stress, cellular regulation and signaling were identified in this study. This data set is accessible at http://world-2dpage.expasy.org/repository/database = 0018. C1 [Luster, Douglas G.; McMahon, Michael B.; Carter, Melissa L.] ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Luster, DG (reprint author), ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM Doug.Luster@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD OCT PY 2010 VL 10 IS 19 BP 3549 EP 3557 DI 10.1002/pmic.200900469 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 667OC UT WOS:000283202400015 PM 20821732 ER PT J AU Schuler, DA Chappell, M Baggett, LS AF Schuler, Douglas A. Chappell, Matthew Baggett, L. Scott TI A Unique Pedagogical Approach to Voting and Public Goods SO PS-POLITICAL SCIENCE & POLITICS LA English DT Article AB Fourth grade students at a public elementary school in Houston, Texas, participated in a one-week exercise intended to mimic the process of creating a public good through a democratic process. The exercise involved students in four separate classes designing a class party with different characteristics (theme, music, and food) through a voluntary but personally costly voting procedure. The students then held the party that they had created. A formal assessment of learning objectives and a debriefing were also part of the exercise. Some ideas investigated include the disconnection between the actual party's characteristics and the revealed preferences of the students during the debriefing a lesson of collective action and the satisfaction and learning outcomes experienced by a minority of students as the result of being political activists and having their preferences realized in the makeup of their class party. C1 [Schuler, Douglas A.] Rice Univ, Jesse H Jones Grad Sch Business, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Chappell, Matthew] Univ Idaho, Coll Law, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Baggett, L. Scott] USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Schuler, DA (reprint author), Rice Univ, Jesse H Jones Grad Sch Business, Houston, TX 77251 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1049-0965 J9 PS-POLIT SCI POLIT JI PS-Polit. Sci. Polit. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 43 IS 4 BP 779 EP 783 DI 10.1017/S1049096510001241 PG 5 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 670TX UT WOS:000283451300037 ER PT J AU Baranowski, JC Baranowski, T Beltran, A Watson, KB Jago, R Callie, M Missaghian, M Tepper, BJ AF Baranowski, Janice C. Baranowski, Tom Beltran, Alicia Watson, Kathy B. Jago, Russell Callie, Margaret Missaghian, Mariam Tepper, Beverly J. TI 6-n-Propylthiouracil sensitivity and obesity status among ethnically diverse children SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE 6-n-Propylthiouracil; Taste sensitivity; Obesity; Children; African-American; Hispanic ID GENETIC TASTE SENSITIVITY; MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN; BODY-MASS INDEX; DIETARY RESTRAINT; PROP; BMI; ADIPOSITY; WEIGHT AB Objective: To examine the relationship of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) sensitivity to BMI while statistically controlling for demographic characteristics in two age groups of children: 9-10 years and 17-18 years (n 1551). Design: Cross-sectional design with a multi-ethnic (White, African-American, Hispanic, Other) sample of 813 children aged 9-10 years and 738 children aged 17-18 years. Children were recruited from local elementary and high schools with at least 30% minority ethnic enrolment. Children's height, weight and waist circumference were measured along with their PROP taster status. PROP was measured using two paper discs, one impregnated with NaCl (1.0 mol/l) and the other with PROP solution (0.50 mmol/l). Results: A significant PROP sensitivity by socio-economic status (SES) interaction term (P = 0.010) was detected wherein supertasters had the largest BMI percentile and Z-score, but only among the group with highest SES. Conclusions: The results suggest that other factors overwhelmed the influence of PROP sensitivity on adiposity in lower-SES groups. The percentage of variance accounted for by the interaction term was about 1%. Thus, PROP supertasters had the largest BMI percentile and Z-score, but only among the highest-SES group. C1 [Baranowski, Janice C.; Baranowski, Tom; Beltran, Alicia; Watson, Kathy B.; Callie, Margaret] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Jago, Russell] Univ Bristol, Ctr Sport & Exercise, Dept Exercise & Hlth, Bristol, Avon, England. [Missaghian, Mariam] Int Res Associates LLC, San Juan, PR USA. [Tepper, Beverly J.] Rutgers Sch Med, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, Dept Food Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Baranowski, JC (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jbaranow@bcm.tmc.edu OI Jago, Russell/0000-0002-3394-0176; Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 FU National Cancer Institute [CA116766]; USDA/ARS [58-6250-6001] FX The research was funded primarily by a grant from the National Cancer Institute (CA116766). This work is also a publication of the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and has been funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250-6001. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement from the US government. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1587 EP 1592 DI 10.1017/S1368980009993004 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 655JT UT WOS:000282247000018 PM 20025833 ER PT J AU Fletcher, RS Everitt, JH Elder, HS AF Fletcher, Reginald S. Everitt, James H. Elder, Howard S. TI Evaluating Airborne Multispectral Digital Video to Differentiate Giant Salvinia from Other Features in Northeast Texas SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE aquatic weed; giant salvinia; digital videography; invasive weed AB Giant Salvinia (Salvinia molesta) is one of the world's most invasive aquatic weeds. We evaluated the accuracy of airborne multispectral digital video imagery for separating giant salvinia from other aquatic and terrestrial features at a study site located in northeast, Texas. The five-band multispectral digital video imagery was subjected to an unsupervised computer analysis to derive a thematic map of the infested area. User's and producer's accuracies of the giant salvinia class were 74.6% and 87.2%, respectively. Aerial multispectral digital videography has potential as a remote sensing tool for differentiating giant salvinia from other terrestrial and aquatic features. C1 [Fletcher, Reginald S.; Everitt, James H.] ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Elder, Howard S.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Jasper, TX 75951 USA. RP Fletcher, RS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM reginald.fletcher@ars.usda.gov; james.everitt@ars.usda.gov; Howard.Elder@tpwd.state.tx.us FU USDA-ARS FX The authors thank Carl Boatman, Isabel Cavazos, Rene Davis, Fred Gomez, and Juan Ramos for their assistance in this study. This project was funded by USDA-ARS; mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 2 IS 10 BP 2413 EP 2423 DI 10.3390/rs2102413 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HR UT WOS:000208402000006 ER PT J AU Joshi, H Moser, BR Toler, J Smith, WF Walker, T AF Joshi, Hem Moser, Bryan R. Toler, Joe Smith, William F. Walker, Terry TI Effects of blending alcohols with poultry fat methyl esters on cold flow properties SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Short-chain alcohols; Low temperature performance; Flash point; Acid value; Kinematic viscosity ID DIESEL-ENGINES; FUEL; PERFORMANCE; EMISSIONS AB The low temperature operability, kinematic viscosity, and acid value of poultry fat methyl esters were improved with addition of ethanol, isopropanol, and butanol with increasing alcohol content. The flash point decreased and moisture content increased upon addition of alcohols to poultry fat methyl esters. The alcohol type did not result in a statistically significant difference in low temperature performance at similar blend ratios in poultry fat methyl esters. In addition, blends of ethanol in poultry fat methyl esters afforded the least viscous mixtures, whereas isopropanol and butanol blends were progressively more viscous, but still within specifications contained in ASTM 06751 and EN 14214. Blends of alcohols in poultry fat methyl esters resulted in failure of the flash point specifications found in ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. Flash points of butanol blends were superior to those of isopropanol and ethanol blends, with the 5 vol.% butanol blend exhibiting a flash point (57 degrees C) superior to that of No. 2 diesel fuel (52 degrees C). Blends of alcohols in poultry fat methyl esters resulted in an improvement in acid value with increasing content of alcohol. An increase in moisture content of biodiesel was observed with increasing alcohol content, with the effect being more pronounced in ethanol blends versus isopropanol and butanol blends. Finally, none of the alcohol-methyl ester samples exhibited a phase separation at sub-ambient temperatures. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Joshi, Hem; Toler, Joe; Walker, Terry] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Moser, Bryan R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. [Smith, William F.] SE Biodiesel, N Charleston, SC USA. RP Walker, T (reprint author), Clemson Univ, 114 Biosyst Res Complex, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM walker4@clemson.edu NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD OCT PY 2010 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2207 EP 2210 DI 10.1016/j.renene.2010.02.029 PG 4 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 609NV UT WOS:000278664500008 ER PT J AU Igarashi, M Zulpo, DL da Cunha, IAL Barros, LD Pereira, VF Taroda, A Navarro, I Vidotto, O Vidotto, MC Jenkins, MC Garcia, JL AF Igarashi, Michelle Zulpo, Dauton Luiz Leme da Cunha, Ivo Alexandre Barros, Luiz Daniel Pereira, Vanessa Figueredo Taroda, Alessandra Navarro, ItalmarTeodorico Vidotto, Odilon Vidotto, Marilda Carlos Jenkins, Mark Christopher Garcia, Joao Luis TI Toxoplasma gondii: humoral and cellular immune response of BALB/c mice immunized via intranasal route with rTgROP2 SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA LA English DT Article DE Cloning; expression; recombinant protein; rhoptry; rROP2 AB TgROP2 is an intracellular protein associated with rhoptries of Toxoplama gondii and an antigen component of a candidate vaccine for toxoplasmosis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of rTgROP2 to stimulate humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice via intranasal injection. TgROP2 partial coding sequence was (196-561) amplified by PCR from genomic T gondii RH strain DNA and cloned into the pTrcHis expression vector. Escherichia coli Rosetta 2 cells transformed with pTrcHis-TgROP2 showed high levels (similar to 1 mg.mL(-1)) of recombinant protein after 4 hours of IPTG induction. Recombinant TgROP2 exhibited an apparent Mr equal to 54 kDa. In order to test immunogenicity of the recombinant protein, 10 BALB/c mice received 10 mu g of rROP2 protein + 10 mu g of Quil-A via intranasal injection. Doses were administered at days 0, 21, and 42. Three animals were euthanized and used to evaluate cell-ular immune response on day 62. Five (50%) and two (20%) out of ten animals produced IgG (DO mean = 0.307; cut-off = 0.240) and IgA (DO mean = 0.133, cut-off = 0.101), respectively, by ELISA on day 62. The proliferation of splenocytes revealed high stimulation index (SI) when co-cultured with 5, 10 and 15 mu g.mL(-1) of rTgROP2. These results indicate that intranasal immunization with recombinant protein ROP2 plus Quil-A can elicit both cellular and humoral immune responses in BALB/c mice. C1 [Igarashi, Michelle; Zulpo, Dauton Luiz; Leme da Cunha, Ivo Alexandre; Barros, Luiz Daniel; Pereira, Vanessa Figueredo; Taroda, Alessandra; Navarro, ItalmarTeodorico; Vidotto, Odilon; Vidotto, Marilda Carlos; Garcia, Joao Luis] Univ Estadual Londrina UEL, Lab Protozool, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Londrina, Brazil. [Jenkins, Mark Christopher] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Garcia, JL (reprint author), Univ Londrina UEL, Lab Protozool, Dept Vet Prevent Med, CP 6001, BR-86050970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. EM jlgarcia@uel.br RI Leme da Cunha, Ivo Alexandre/D-2226-2013 FU National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [561893/2008-0, 579843/2008-4]; Fundacao Araucaria [194/07] FX The present article was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (Grants No. 561893/2008-0, and 579843/2008-4), and Fundacao Araucaria (number 194/07). J.L. Garcia is recipient of CNPq fellowship. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRAZILIAN COLL VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY PI SAO PAULO PA C/O ASSISTANT EDITOR AV PROF LINEU PRESTES, 1374, CIDADE UNIVERSITARIA, CEP 05508-900, SAO PAULO, 00000, BRAZIL SN 0103-846X J9 REV BRAS PARASITOL V JI Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 210 EP 216 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA V22RN UT WOS:000208292400005 PM 21184696 ER PT J AU Glover, JD Reganold, JP Bell, LW Borevitz, J Brummer, EC Buckler, ES Cox, CM Cox, TS Crews, TE Culman, SW Dehaan, LR Eriksson, D Gill, BS Holland, J Hu, F Hulke, BS Ibrahim, AMH Jackson, W Jones, SS Murray, SC Paterson, AH Ploschuk, E Sacks, EJ Snapp, S Tao, D Van Tassel, DL Wade, LJ Wyse, DL Xu, Y AF Glover, J. D. Reganold, J. P. Bell, L. W. Borevitz, J. Brummer, E. C. Buckler, E. S. Cox, C. M. Cox, T. S. Crews, T. E. Culman, S. W. Dehaan, L. R. Eriksson, D. Gill, B. S. Holland, J. Hu, F. Hulke, B. S. Ibrahim, A. M. H. Jackson, W. Jones, S. S. Murray, S. C. Paterson, A. H. Ploschuk, E. Sacks, E. J. Snapp, S. Tao, D. Van Tassel, D. L. Wade, L. J. Wyse, D. L. Xu, Y. TI Perennial Questions of Hydrology and Climate Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID AUSTRALIA C1 [Glover, J. D.; Cox, C. M.; Cox, T. S.; Dehaan, L. R.; Jackson, W.; Van Tassel, D. L.] Land Inst, Salina, KS 67401 USA. [Reganold, J. P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Bell, L. W.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org Australia, Sustainable Ecosyst Agr Prod Syst Res Unit, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. [Borevitz, J.] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Brummer, E. C.] Univ Georgia, Inst Plant Breeding Genet & Genom, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Buckler, E. S.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, E. S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Crews, T. E.] Prescott Coll, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. [Culman, S. W.; Snapp, S.] Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Eriksson, D.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Plant Breeding & Biotechnol, Alnarp, Sweden. [Gill, B. S.] Kansas State Univ, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Holland, J.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hu, F.; Tao, D.] Yunnan Acad Agr Sci, Food Crops Res Inst, Kunming 650205, Peoples R China. [Hulke, B. S.] USDA ARS, Sunflower Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Ibrahim, A. M. H.; Murray, S. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Jones, S. S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. [Paterson, A. H.] Univ Georgia, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ploschuk, E.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Catedra Cult Ind, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Sacks, E. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wade, L. J.] Charles Sturt Univ, EH Graham Ctr Agr Innovat, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia. [Wyse, D. L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Xu, Y.] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Global Maize Program, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Glover, JD (reprint author), Land Inst, Salina, KS 67401 USA. EM glover@landinstitute.org RI Wade, Len/A-8872-2008; Bell, Lindsay/B-9769-2008; CSIRO, SAF/H-3134-2013; Snapp, Sieglinde/D-5109-2013 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 40 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 330 IS 6000 BP 33 EP 34 DI 10.1126/science.330.6000.33-b PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 656KW UT WOS:000282334500014 ER PT J AU Bullock, SL Hewitt, DG Stanko, RL Dowd, MK Rutledge, J Draeger, DA AF Bullock, S. L. Hewitt, D. G. Stanko, R. L. Dowd, M. K. Rutledge, J. Draeger, D. A. TI Plasma gossypol dynamics in white-tailed deer: Implications for whole cottonseed as a supplemental feed SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Free-ranging deer; Gossypol; Gossypol stabilization; Plasma gossypol; Supplemental feed; White-tailed deer; Whole cottonseed ID ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; DIETARY GOSSYPOL; BRAHMAN BULLS; BEEF HEIFERS; BLOOD-SERUM; MEAL; DETOXIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; COWS; ARTIODACTYLA AB Whole cottonseed (WCS) is a potential supplemental feed for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in rangeland conditions because of its high digestible energy and protein content, moderate fiber content, and resistance to degradation in moist conditions. WCS also contains the polyphenolic secondary metabolite gossypol, which reduces palatability to non-target monogastric species but may be of concern for deer nutrition. Plasma gossypol stabilization when fed a constant dry matter intake, plasma gossypol depletion after WCS was removed from the diet, and the relationship between WCS consumption and plasma gossypol concentration was studied in 10 mature male (N = 5) and female (N = 5) captive white-tailed deer. Consumption of WCS by 73 free-ranging white-tailed deer (59 males, 14 females) was estimated using results of the captive study. Plasma gossypol concentrations declined exponentially and averaged 0.74 mu g/mL 35 days after WCS was removed from the diet. Plasma gossypol concentration was linearly related to WCS consumption (P < 0.001), with females having 0.35 mu g/mL greater (P = 0.04) plasma gossypol than males for a given rate of dry matter consumption. All female and 93% of male white-tailed deer captured in WCS supplemented pastures had detectable plasma gossypol. Female averaged 1.88 mu g/mL of plasma gossypol and males averaged 4.84 mu g/mL of plasma gossypol. Based on the captive deer data, these plasma values suggest an average WCS consumption of similar to 2.6 g/kg BW/day for female free-ranging deer and similar to 5.6 g/kg BW/clay for male free-ranging deer. Inferentially, a large proportion of free-ranging white-tailed deer in rangeland conditions will consume WCS, with females consuming 125 g WCS/day and males consuming 4288 WCS/day. That plasma gossypol levels decrease rapidly after cottonseed is removed from the diet suggests that the long withdrawal periods often used prior to breeding season may not be needed. However, although 93% of gossypol was eliminated from the animals after a five-week withdrawal period, a small amount of gossypol can still be detected. While our preliminary data on these animals suggests that these levels are not detriment to animal health or reproduction, ranch managers may want to take a conservative approach to the feeding of WCS until these questions are answered. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bullock, S. L.; Hewitt, D. G.; Stanko, R. L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim & Wildlife Sci, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Dowd, M. K.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Rutledge, J.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Carrizo Springs, TX 78834 USA. [Draeger, D. A.] Comanche Ranch, Carrizo Springs, TX 78834 USA. RP Bullock, SL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim & Wildlife Sci, 700 Univ Blvd,MSC 218, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM sarah_lynn_bullock@hotmail.com FU Comanche Ranch, Houston Safari Club, Quail Unlimited; Texas Parks and Wildlife Foundation FX We thank Dan Friedkin and the Comanche Ranch, Houston Safari Club, Quail Unlimited, and Texas Parks and Wildlife Foundation for their financial support. For assistance in data collection, we are thankful to Robert Kaiser, Chuck Coots, Donny Kahl, Niki Perry, and a multitude of student volunteers. We are also grateful to Andy Rodomski and Susan M. Cooper for their helpful comments and revisions to the manuscript. This is publication number # 10-115 from the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 93 IS 2-3 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.05.018 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 657OI UT WOS:000282421600015 ER PT J AU Bailey, VL Fansler, SJ Bandyopadhyay, S Smith, JL Waters, KM Bolton, H AF Bailey, Vanessa L. Fansler, Sarah J. Bandyopadhyay, Somnath Smith, Jeffrey L. Waters, Katrina M. Bolton, Harvey TI Direct detection of soil mRNAs using targeted microarrays for genes associated with lignin degradation SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mRNA; Gene expression; Lignin degradation; Microarray ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; EXTRACTS; DNA; AMPLIFICATION AB Microarrays have become established tools for describing microbial systems, however the direct assessment of expression profiles for uncharacterized environmental microbial communities still presents unique challenges. Notably, the concentration of particular transcripts are likely very dilute relative to the pool of total RNA, and PCR-based amplification strategies are vulnerable to amplification biases and the appropriate primer selection. Thus we applied a target labeling and amplification approach based on the Klenow fragment and signal amplification approach to detect expression of fungally-derived lignin-degrading enzymes in soil. Known amplicons and cDNA from Phanerochaete chrysosporium were mixed with the soil cDNA both before and after the signal amplification in order to assess the dynamic range of the microarray. The addition of control cDNA with soil cDNA interfered with detection of the low-abundance transcripts. Nevertheless this microarray approach consistently reported the higher-abundance transcripts which presented more robust signals. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bailey, Vanessa L.; Fansler, Sarah J.; Bandyopadhyay, Somnath; Waters, Katrina M.; Bolton, Harvey] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Smith, Jeffrey L.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bailey, VL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM vanessa.bailey@pnl.gov RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011; OI Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-2248-8890 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science; U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the scientific insights provided by D.P. Chandler, and the technical assistance of C.A. McKinstry and A.M. White. This manuscript was prepared as part of the Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems research program, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science. PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. DOE under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1793 EP 1799 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.06.017 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 663XL UT WOS:000282923400016 ER PT J AU Jaime-Garcia, R Cotty, PJ AF Jaime-Garcia, Ramon Cotty, Peter J. TI Crop rotation and soil temperature influence the community structure of Aspergillus flavus in soil SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Maize; Cottonseed; Biocontrol; Population structure ID AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; SOUTH TEXAS; SECTION FLAVI; UNITED-STATES; COMMERCIAL COTTONSEED; STRAIN COMPOSITION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CORN; MYCOTOXIN; POPULATION AB Aspergillus flavus, the most important cause of aflatoxin contamination, has two major morphotypes commonly termed 'S' and 'L' strains. Strain S isolates, on average, produce more aflatoxins than the strain L isolates. The S strain has been implicated as the primary causal agent of several contamination events in both North America and Africa. Strain S incidence and A. flavus propagules were quantified periodically in 11 agricultural fields in South Texas from spring 2001 through spring 2003. Both Allavus populations and S strain incidence varied significantly among seasons, with warm seasons having higher average quantities of A. flavus (718 CFU g(-1)) and higher incidences of the S strain (32.3%) than cold seasons (403 CFU g(-1) and 16.9% incidence). Previous crop influenced both the quantity of A. f/avus and S strains incidence. Corn favors higher soil populations of A. flavus (1628 CFU g(-1)) compared to cotton (374 CFU g(-1)) and sorghum (237 CFU g(-1)). In the agroecosystem of South Texas, both cotton (23.7%) and sorghum (23.5%) favored greater S strain incidence compared to corn (14.0%). Soil surface temperature greatly influenced fungal communities with propagule density decreasing when daily average soil temperature was either below 18 degrees C or above 30 degrees C, and the proportion of A flavus belonging to the S strain increasing as soil temperature increased. The results suggest it may be possible to manipulate crop rotations in order to reduce aflatoxin severity, and that periods of increased soil temperature drive selection of the highly toxigenic S strain of A. flavus in warm climates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cotty, Peter J.] Univ Arizona, USDA ARS, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Cotty, PJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, USDA ARS, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM pjcotty@email.arizona.edu FU Cotton Foundation; Texas State Support Program of Cotton Incorporated; Texas Cottonseed Crushers Association; USDA Multi-Crop Aflatoxin Working Group FX We thank the Valley CO-OP Oil Mill, Harlingen, TX, the South Texas Cotton and Grain Association, and the National Cotton Council for assistance in several aspects of the work, and Shervonda Williams for technical assistance. This work was supported by grants from the Cotton Foundation, the Texas State Support Program of Cotton Incorporated, the Texas Cottonseed Crushers Association, and the USDA Multi-Crop Aflatoxin Working Group. NR 45 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1842 EP 1847 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.06.025 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 663XL UT WOS:000282923400022 ER PT J AU Watts, DB Torbert, HA Feng, YC Prior, SA AF Watts, Dexter B. Torbert, H. Allen Feng, Yucheng Prior, Stephen A. TI Soil Microbial Community Dynamics as Influenced by Composted Dairy Manure, Soil Properties, and Landscape Position SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Microbial community structure; landscape position; manure; PLFA ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DEHYDROGENASE-ACTIVITY; SULFUR MINERALIZATION; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; ORGANIC-MATTER; NET NITROGEN; BIOMASS-C; SYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT AB Manure applications can benefit crop productivity by adding required nutrients and organic matter to soil. There is a paucity of information on how soil microbial community dynamics will be altered by the application of manure to different landscape positions. Thus, an in situ field study was conducted during the summer and winter months to evaluate microbiological properties of three soil types that have evolved because of different landscape positions in an agricultural field. The three Coastal Plain soils investigated were Bama (sandy loam), Lynchburg (loam), and Goldsboro (loam) representing the landscape position of a summit, drainageway, and sideslope, respectively. Composted dairy manure was incorporated into in situ soil cores at a rate of 350 kg N ha(-1) and compared with unamended controls. Soil microbial biomass N and dehydrogenase enzyme activity were determined to evaluate changes in the microbial biomass size and activity, whereas phospholipid fatty acid analysis was used as an indicator of the microbial community structure. Addition of composted dairy manure increased microbial activity and N immobilization, representing a shift in microbial response resulting from changes in substrate availability. This was most evident during summer months, with the composted dairy manure increasing dehydrogenase enzyme activity 21% and microbial activity 20% compared with without manure, suggesting that seasonal timing of application will influence microbial activity. Microbial properties were also impacted by landscape position. The drainageway landscape position soil, a loam, had the highest microbial biomass and microbial activity. Changes in microbial community structure using phospholipid fatty acid profiles were evaluated with canonical discriminate analysis. This analysis indicated that a shift in microbial community structure occurred between season, manure application, and landscape position. Findings from this study suggest that changes in soil variability from landscape positions and season can impact the growth and dynamics of the microbial community when manure is applied to agricultural fields. C1 [Watts, Dexter B.; Torbert, H. Allen; Prior, Stephen A.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Feng, Yucheng] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Watts, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM dexter.watts@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 26 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 175 IS 10 BP 474 EP 486 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181f7964f PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 659JJ UT WOS:000282562500003 ER PT J AU Kenar, JA AF Kenar, James A. TI Latent heat characteristics of biobased oleochemical carbonates as potential phase change materials SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE Oleochemical carbonates; Dialkyl carbonates; Phase change material; Latent heat; Energy storage; Differential scanning calorimetry ID THERMAL-ENERGY STORAGE; ENVIRONMENT; BUILDINGS; ESTERS; CHAIN; ACID AB Oleochemical carbonates are biobased materials that were readily prepared through a carbonate interchange reaction between renewable C10-C18 fatty alcohols and dimethyl or diethyl carbonate in the presence of a catalyst. These carbonates have various commercial uses in cosmetic, fuel additive, and lubricant applications. Oleochemical carbonates have not been examined for their applicability as phase change materials (PCM). The latent heats of melting and freezing for a series of symmetrical oleochemical carbonates ranging from 21-37 carbon atoms were evaluated to develop a fundamental understanding of the solid-liquid transitions for utilization in thermal energy storage (TES) applications. The phase transitions and associated thermal properties were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl carbonates had peak melting and freezing points of -2.2. 19.3, 33.7, 44.9, and 51.6 and -6.3, 14.3, 28.7, 40.3, and 46.9 degrees C, respectively. In general, these carbonates exhibited sharp phase transitions and good latent heat properties. The latent heats of melting and freezing for decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl carbonates were 144, 200, 227, 219, and 223 and 146, 199, 229, 215, and 215 J/g, respectively. These carbonates represent novel renewable-based PCM chemicals that compliment fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and their fatty acid esters while providing a potentially valuable biobased alternative to paraffin wax and salt hydrate PCM currently dominating the PCM market. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kenar, JA (reprint author), ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jim.kenar@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD OCT PY 2010 VL 94 IS 10 BP 1697 EP 1703 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2010.05.031 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 640TH UT WOS:000281074800021 ER PT J AU Considine, JM Vahey, DW Gleisner, R Rudie, A Du Roscoat, SR Bloch, JF AF Considine, John M. Vahey, David W. Gleisner, Roland Rudie, Alan Du Roscoat, Sabine Rolland Bloch, Jean-Francis TI Z-direction fiber orientation in paperboard SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; X-RAY AB This work evaluated the use of conventional tests to show beneficial attributes of z-direction fiber orientation (ZDFO) for structural paperboards. A survey of commercial linerboards indicated the presence of ZDFO in one material that had higher Taber stiffness, out-of-plane shear strength, directional dependence of Scott internal bond strength and directional brightness. Laboratory handsheets were made with a specialized procedure to produce ZDFO. Handsheets with ZDFO had higher out-of-plane shear strength than handsheets formed conventionally. Materials with high out-of-plane shear strength had greater bending stiffness and compressive strength because of their ability to resist shear deformations. C1 [Considine, John M.; Vahey, David W.; Gleisner, Roland; Rudie, Alan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Du Roscoat, Sabine Rolland] Univ Grenoble, Lab Sol, CNRS, Grenoble, France. [Du Roscoat, Sabine Rolland] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Bloch, Jean-Francis] Grenoble INP PAGORA, Lab Genie Proc Papetiers, Grenoble, France. RP Considine, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. EM Considineatjconsidine@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU TECH ASSOC PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 9 IS 10 BP 25 EP 32 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 693TY UT WOS:000285249500003 ER PT J AU Dorr, LJ Wiersema, JH AF Dorr, Laurence J. Wiersema, John H. TI Typification of names of American species of vascular plants proposed by Linnaeus and based on Loefling's Iter Hispanicum (1758) SO TAXON LA English DT Article DE Nicolaus Joseph von Jacquin; neotype; nomenclature; lectotype; Linnaean names; Pehr Loefling; Iter Hispanicum AB Neotypes are proposed for the names of ten species of American plants that Linnaeus based in whole or in part on descriptions in Loefling's Iter Hispanicum:Allionia incarnata, Allionia violacea, Ayenia tomentosa, Byttneria scabra, Krameria ixine, Lecythis ollaria, Moniera trifolia, Viola arborea, Viola calceolaria, and Viola oppositifolia. Lectotypes are proposed for the names of six species of American plants that Linnaeus based in whole or in part on descriptions in the same work: Ayenia magna, Cecropia peltata, Ellisia acuta, jussiaea pubescens, Loranthus occidentalis, and Spermacoce strigosa. A neotype also is proposed for a Jacquin name, Hybanthus havanensis, which Linnaeus renamed as Viola hybanthus. We also argue that Laetia americana is neotypified by the type applied to the illegitimate name Laetia apetala. C1 [Dorr, Laurence J.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Wiersema, John H.] USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dorr, LJ (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, MRC 166,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dorrl@si.edu NR 35 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY-IAPT PI BRATISLAVA PA C/O INST BOTANY, SLOVAK ACAD SCIENCES DUBRAVSKA CESTA 9, SK-845 23 BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA SN 0040-0262 EI 1996-8175 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD OCT PY 2010 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1571 EP 1577 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 663XZ UT WOS:000282924800021 ER PT J AU McNeill, J Wiersema, JH Gandhi, K AF McNeill, John Wiersema, John H. Gandhi, Kanchi TI The complex nomenclature of Panicum sect. or subg. Agrostoidea and of P. agrostoides SO TAXON LA English DT Article DE ICBN Art. 48; homonyms; isonyms; Panicum rigidulum; Sorengia C1 [McNeill, John] Royal Bot Garden, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Midlothian, Scotland. [Wiersema, John H.] USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gandhi, Kanchi] Harvard Univ, Harvard Univ Hebaria, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP McNeill, J (reprint author), Royal Bot Garden, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Midlothian, Scotland. EM jmcneill@rbge.ac.uk NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY-IAPT PI BRATISLAVA PA C/O INST BOTANY, SLOVAK ACAD SCIENCES DUBRAVSKA CESTA 9, SK-845 23 BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA SN 0040-0262 EI 1996-8175 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD OCT PY 2010 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1581 EP 1584 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 663XZ UT WOS:000282924800023 ER PT J AU Wiebe, K Harris, NS Faris, JD Clarke, JM Knox, RE Taylor, GJ Pozniak, CJ AF Wiebe, K. Harris, N. S. Faris, J. D. Clarke, J. M. Knox, R. E. Taylor, G. J. Pozniak, C. J. TI Targeted mapping of Cdu1, a major locus regulating grain cadmium concentration in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; GENE-RICH REGIONS; CBF GENES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; GENOME ANNOTATION; CHROMOSOME 3B; ORYZA-SATIVA; AESTIVUM L. AB Some durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) cultivars have the genetic propensity to accumulate cadmium (Cd) in the grain. A major gene controlling grain Cd concentration designated as Cdu1 has been reported on 5B, but the genetic factor(s) conferring the low Cd phenotype are currently unknown. The objectives of this study were to saturate the chromosomal region harboring Cdu1 with newly developed PCR-based markers and to investigate the colinearity of this wheat chromosomal region with rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Brachypodium distachyon genomes. Genetic mapping of markers linked to Cdu1 in a population of recombinant inbred substitution lines revealed that the gene(s) associated with variation in Cd concentration resides in wheat bin 5BL9 between fraction breakpoints 0.76 and 0.79. Genetic mapping and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of grain Cd concentration was performed in 155 doubled haploid lines from the cross W9262-260D3 (low Cd) by Kofa (high Cd) revealed two expressed sequence tag markers (ESMs) and one sequence tagged site (STS) marker that co-segregated with Cdu1 and explained > 80% of the phenotypic variation in grain Cd concentration. A second, minor QTL for grain Cd concentration was also identified on 5B, 67 cM proximal to Cdu1. The Cdu1 interval spans 286 kbp of rice chromosome 3 and 282 kbp of Brachypodium chromosome 1. The markers and rice and Brachypodium colinearity described here represent tools that will assist in the positional cloning of Cdu1 and can be used to select for low Cd accumulation in durum wheat breeding programs targeting this trait. The isolation of Cdu1 will further our knowledge of Cd accumulation in cereals as well as metal accumulation in general. C1 [Wiebe, K.; Clarke, J. M.; Pozniak, C. J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Plant Sci, Ctr Crop Dev, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. [Harris, N. S.; Taylor, G. J.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Faris, J. D.] ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Knox, R. E.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Semiarid Prairie Agr Res Ctr, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. RP Pozniak, CJ (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Plant Sci, Ctr Crop Dev, 51 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. EM curtis.pozniak@usask.ca RI Harris, Neil/A-6999-2009; OI Harris, Neil/0000-0002-1320-282X; Knox, Ron/0000-0002-2030-3899 FU National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Western Grains Research Foundation (WGRF); Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Matching Investment Initiative FX We gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Ryan Babonich, Russell Lawrie, Charlene Tang, Jay Ross, and Marlin Olfert, and funding of this work by the National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), Western Grains Research Foundation (WGRF), and the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Matching Investment Initiative. NR 78 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 121 IS 6 BP 1047 EP 1058 DI 10.1007/s00122-010-1370-1 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 649SQ UT WOS:000281794100004 PM 20559817 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, F Ghislain, M Clausen, AM Jansky, SH Spooner, DM AF Rodriguez, Flor Ghislain, Marc Clausen, Andrea M. Jansky, Shelley H. Spooner, David M. TI Hybrid origins of cultivated potatoes SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SOLANUM-BREVICAULE COMPLEX; BAYESIAN PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; ENDOSPERM BALANCE NUMBER; TUBER-BEARING SOLANUMS; CHLOROPLAST DNA; SPECIES BOUNDARIES; GENE-EXPRESSION; SECT. PETOTA; ARABIDOPSIS POLYPLOIDS; GERMPLASM TRANSFER AB Solanum section Petota is taxonomically difficult, partly because of interspecific hybridization at both the diploid and polyploid levels. The taxonomy of cultivated potatoes is particularly controversial. Using DNA sequence data of the waxy gene, we here infer relationships among the four species of cultivated potatoes accepted in the latest taxonomic treatment (S. ajanhuiri, S. curtilobum, S. juzepczukii and S. tuberosum, the latter divided into the Andigenum and Chilotanum Cultivar Groups). The data support prior ideas of hybrid origins of S. ajanhuiri from the S. tuberosum Andigenum Group (2x = S. stenotomum) x S. megistacrolobum; S. juzepczukii from the S. tuberosum Andigenum Group (2x = S. stenotomum) x S. acaule; and S. curtilobum from the S. tuberosum Andigenum Group (4x = S. tuberosum subsp. andigenum) x S. juzepczukii. For the tetraploid cultivar-groups of S. tuberosum, hybrid origins are suggested entirely within much more closely related species, except for two of three examined accessions of the S. tuberosum Chilotanum Group that appear to have hybridized with the wild species S. maglia. Hybrid origins of the crop/weed species S. sucrense are more difficult to support and S. vernei is not supported as a wild species progenitor of the S. tuberosum Andigenum Group. C1 [Rodriguez, Flor; Jansky, Shelley H.; Spooner, David M.] Univ Wisconsin, ARS, USDA, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ghislain, Marc] Subsaharan Africa Reg Off, CIP, Appl Biotechnol Lab, Nairobi 00603, Kenya. [Clausen, Andrea M.] INTA, Estn Expt Agropecuaria, RA-7620 Balcarce, Argentina. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, ARS, USDA, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM david.spooner@ars.usda.gov FU NSF [DEB 0316614]; USDA National Research Initiative [2008-35300-18669] FX This study was supported by NSF DEB 0316614 entitled PBI Solanum: a worldwide treatment (http://www.nhm.ac.uk/researchcuration/projects/solanaceaesource//) to DS and by the USDA National Research Initiative Grant 2008-35300-18669 to DS. NR 81 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 121 IS 6 BP 1187 EP 1198 DI 10.1007/s00122-010-1422-6 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 649SQ UT WOS:000281794100015 PM 20734187 ER PT J AU Szabo, DT Diliberto, JJ Hakk, H Huwe, JK Birnbaum, LS AF Szabo, David T. Diliberto, Janet J. Hakk, Heldur Huwe, Janice K. Birnbaum, Linda S. TI Toxicokinetics of the Flame Retardant Hexabromocyclododecane Gamma: Effect of Dose, Timing, Route, Repeated Exposure, and Metabolism SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE mouse; metabolism; diastereomer; pharmacokinetics; stereoisomerization; HBCD; ADME; risk assessment; persistent organic pollutant; brominated flame retardant ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; INDOOR DUST; WISTAR RATS; ACCUMULATION; SPECTROMETRY; TRENDS; HBCDS; MICE AB Hexabromocyclododecane-gamma (gamma-HBCD) is the predominate diastereoisomer in the commercial HBCD mixture used as a flame retardant in a wide variety of consumer products. Three main diastereoisomers, alpha (alpha), beta (beta), and gamma (gamma), comprise the mixture. Despite the gamma-diastereoisomer being the major diastereoisomer in the mixture and environmental samples, the alpha-diastereoisomer predominates human tissue and wildlife. This study was conducted to characterize absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion parameters of gamma-HBCD with respect to dose and time following a single acute exposure and repeated exposure in adult female C57BL/6 mice. Results suggest that 85% of the administered dose (3 mg/kg) was absorbed after po exposure. Disposition was dose independent and did not significantly change after 10 days of exposure. Liver was the major depot (< 0.3% of dose) 4 days after treatment followed by blood, fat, and then brain. gamma-HBCD was rapidly metabolized and eliminated in the urine and feces. For the first time, in vivo stereoisomerization was observed of the gamma-diastereoisomer to the beta-diastereoisomer in liver and brain tissues and to the alpha- and beta-diastereoisomer in fat and feces. Polar metabolites in the blood and urine were a major factor in determining the initial whole-body half-life (1 day) after a single po exposure. Elimination, both whole-body and from individual tissues, was biphasic. Initial half-lives were approximately 1 day, whereas terminal half-lives were up to 4 days, suggesting limited potential for gamma-diastereoisomer bioaccumulation. The toxicokinetic behavior reported here has important implications for the extrapolation of toxicological studies of the commercial HBCD mixture to the assessment of risk. C1 [Szabo, David T.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Szabo, David T.; Diliberto, Janet J.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hakk, Heldur; Huwe, Janice K.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] NIEHS, NCI, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] NIEHS, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Szabo, DT (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, US EPA, MD B143-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM szabo@email.unc.edu FU University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill; United States Environmental Protection Agency [CR 833237] FX University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill and the United States Environmental Protection Agency predoctoral training grants (CR 833237). NR 32 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 8 U2 38 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 117 IS 2 BP 282 EP 293 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq183 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 653AZ UT WOS:000282055900005 PM 20562218 ER PT J AU Kopf, PG Scott, JA Agbor, LN Boberg, JR Elased, KM Huwe, JK Walker, MK AF Kopf, Phillip G. Scott, Jason A. Agbor, Larry N. Boberg, Jason R. Elased, Khalid M. Huwe, Janice K. Walker, Mary K. TI Cytochrome P4501A1 Is Required for Vascular Dysfunction and Hypertension Induced by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE 2; 3; 7; 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; cytochrome P4501A1; hypertension; reactive oxygen species; endothelial dysfunction ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; STENOTOMUS-CHRYSOPS SCUP; REACTIVE OXYGEN; NATIONAL-HEALTH; BLOOD-PRESSURE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATOR; CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data show an association between hypertension and exposure to dioxin-like halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs). Furthermore, chronic exposure of mice to the prototypical HAH, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension. Because TCDD induces cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and CYP1A1 can increase ROS, we tested the hypothesis that TCDD-induced endothelial dysfunction and hypertension are mediated by CYP1A1. CYP1A1 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice were fed one control or TCDD-containing pill (180 ng TCDD/kg, 5 days/week) for 35 days (n = 10-14/genotype/treatment). Blood pressure was monitored by radiotelemetry, and liver TCDD concentration, CYP1A1 induction, ROS, and aortic reactivity were measured at 35 days. TCDD accumulated to similar levels in livers of both genotypes. TCDD induced CYP1A1 in endothelium of aorta and mesentery without detectable expression in the vessel wall. TCDD also induced superoxide anion production, measured by NADPH-dependent lucigenin luminescence, in aorta, heart, and kidney of CYP1A1 WT mice but not KO mice. In contrast, TCDD induced hydrogen peroxide, measured by amplex red assay, to similar levels in aorta of CYP1A1 WT and KO mice but not in heart or kidney. TCDD reduced acetylcholine-dependent vasorelaxation in aortic rings of CYP1A1 WT mice but not in KO mice. Finally, TCDD steadily increased blood pressure after 15 days, which plateaued after 25 days (+20 mmHg) in CYP1A1 WT mice but failed to alter blood pressure in KO mice. These results demonstrate that CYP1A1 is required for TCDD-induced cardiovascular superoxide anion production, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension. C1 [Kopf, Phillip G.; Scott, Jason A.; Agbor, Larry N.; Boberg, Jason R.; Walker, Mary K.] Univ New Mexico, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Elased, Khalid M.] Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Huwe, Janice K.] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Walker, Mary K.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Walker, MK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, 2703 Frontier Ave NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM mwalker@salud.unm.edu FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL078914] FX National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL078914) to M.K.W. NR 44 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 117 IS 2 BP 537 EP 546 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq218 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 653AZ UT WOS:000282055900029 PM 20634294 ER PT J AU Metwally, S Mohamed, F Faaberg, K Burrage, T Prarat, M Moran, K Bracht, A Mayr, G Berninger, M Koster, L To, TL Nguyen, VL Reising, M Landgraf, J Cox, L Lubroth, J Carrillo, C AF Metwally, S. Mohamed, F. Faaberg, K. Burrage, T. Prarat, M. Moran, K. Bracht, A. Mayr, G. Berninger, M. Koster, L. To, T. L. Nguyen, V. L. Reising, M. Landgraf, J. Cox, L. Lubroth, J. Carrillo, C. TI Pathogenicity and Molecular Characterization of Emerging Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Vietnam in 2007 SO TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES LA English DT Article DE PRRS; pathogenicity; emerging; Vietnam outbreak ID HETEROCLITE SUBGENOMIC RNAS; REAL-TIME PCR; NORTH-AMERICAN; EPIDEMIC ABORTION; LELYSTAD VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIOUS CLONE; RAPID DETECTION; VACCINE STRAIN; DISEASE VIRUS AB P>In 2007, Vietnam experienced swine disease outbreaks causing clinical signs similar to the 'porcine high fever disease' that occurred in China during 2006. Analysis of diagnostic samples from the disease outbreaks in Vietnam identified porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2). Additionally, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus were cultured from lung and spleen, and Streptococcus suis from one spleen sample. Genetic characterization of the Vietnamese PRRSV isolates revealed that this virus belongs to the North American genotype (type 2) with a high nucleotide identity to the recently reported Chinese strains. Amino acid sequence in the nsp2 region revealed 95.7-99.4% identity to Chinese strain HUN4, 68-69% identity to strain VR-2332 and 58-59% identity to strain MN184. A partial deletion in the nsp2 gene was detected; however, this deletion did not appear to enhance the virus pathogenicity in the inoculated pigs. Animal inoculation studies were conducted to determine the pathogenicity of PRRSV and to identify other possible agents present in the original specimens. Pigs inoculated with PRRSV alone and their contacts showed persistent fever, and two of five pigs developed cough, neurological signs and swollen joints. Necropsy examination showed mild to moderate bronchopneumonia, enlarged lymph nodes, fibrinous pericarditis and polyarthritis. PRRSV was re-isolated from blood and tissues of the inoculated and contact pigs. Pigs inoculated with lung and spleen tissue homogenates from sick pigs from Vietnam developed high fever, septicaemia, and died acutely within 72 h, while their contact pigs showed no clinical signs throughout the experiment. Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus was cultured, and PRRSV was re-isolated only from the inoculated pigs. Results suggest that the cause of the swine deaths in Vietnam is a multifactorial syndrome with PRRSV as a major factor. C1 [Metwally, S.; Mohamed, F.; Prarat, M.; Moran, K.; Bracht, A.; Mayr, G.; Berninger, M.; Carrillo, C.] USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, FAO Reference Ctr Vesicular Dis,APHIS,NVSL, Greenport, NY USA. [Faaberg, K.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [Burrage, T.] PIADC, Dept Homeland Secur, Greenport, NY USA. [Koster, L.; Landgraf, J.; Cox, L.] USDA, APHIS, NVSL, Ames, IA USA. [To, T. L.; Nguyen, V. L.] Natl Ctr Vet Diag, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Reising, M.] USDA, APHIS, Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA USA. [Lubroth, J.] FAO, I-00100 Rome, Italy. RP Metwally, S (reprint author), USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, FAO Reference Ctr Vesicular Dis,APHIS,NVSL, Greenport, NY USA. EM Samia.A.Metwally@aphis.usda.gov NR 60 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1865-1674 J9 TRANSBOUND EMERG DIS JI Transbound. Emerg. Dis. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 57 IS 5 BP 315 EP 329 DI 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2010.01152.x PG 15 WC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 648CF UT WOS:000281667300003 PM 20629970 ER PT J AU Guerrero, JSP Skaggs, TH van Genuchten, MT AF Perez Guerrero, Jesus S. Skaggs, Todd H. van Genuchten, M. Th. TI Analytical Solution for Multi-Species Contaminant Transport in Finite Media with Time-Varying Boundary Conditions SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE Multi-species transport; Finite domain; Analytical solution; Integral transform ID REACTIVE TRANSPORT AB Most analytical solutions available for the equations governing the advective-dispersive transport of multiple solutes undergoing sequential first-order decay reactions have been developed for infinite or semi-infinite spatial domains and steady-state boundary conditions. In this study, we present an analytical solution for a finite domain and a time-varying boundary condition. The solution was found using the Classic Integral Transform Technique (CITT) in combination with a filter function having separable space and time dependencies, implementation of the superposition principle, and using an algebraic transformation that changes the advection-dispersion equation for each species into a diffusion equation. The analytical solution was evaluated using a test case from the literature involving a four radionuclide decay chain. Results show that convergence is slower for advection-dominated transport problems. In all cases, the converged results were identical to those obtained with the previous solution for a semi-infinite domain, except near the exit boundary where differences were expected. Among other applications, the new solution should be useful for benchmarking numerical solutions because of the adoption of a finite spatial domain. C1 [Skaggs, Todd H.] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. [Perez Guerrero, Jesus S.] Brazilian Nucl Energy Commiss DIREJ DRS CNEN, Radioact Waste Div, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [van Genuchten, M. Th.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Mech Engn, LTTC COPPE, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Skaggs, TH (reprint author), ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. EM jperez@cnen.gov.br; Todd.Skaggs@ars.usda.gov; rvangenuchten@yahoo.com RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 FU Brazilian National Research Council; University of California at Riverside (UCR); United States Salinity Laboratory of the USDA Agricultural Research Service; CAPES FX The first author acknowledges support given by the Brazilian National Research Council, the University of California at Riverside (UCR), and the United States Salinity Laboratory of the USDA Agricultural Research Service. The research was supported also in part by a fellowship from CAPES to M. Th. van Genuchten. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD OCT PY 2010 VL 85 IS 1 BP 171 EP 188 DI 10.1007/s11242-010-9553-4 PG 18 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 652EF UT WOS:000281983700010 ER PT J AU Kuhn, DN Figueira, A Lopes, U Motamayor, JC Meerow, AW Cariaga, K Freeman, B Livingstone, DS Schnell, RJ AF Kuhn, David N. Figueira, Antonio Lopes, Uilson Motamayor, Juan Carlos Meerow, Alan W. Cariaga, Kathleen Freeman, Barbie Livingstone, Donald S., III Schnell, Raymond J. TI Evaluating Theobroma grandiflorum for comparative genomic studies with Theobroma cacao SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Microsatellites; SSCP markers; SNPs; Population genetics; Candidate genes; Inter-specific hybrids; Comparative genomics ID RESISTANCE GENE HOMOLOGS; GERMPLASM COLLECTIONS; MARKERS; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES AB The seeds of Theobroma cacao (cacao) are the source of cocoa, the raw material for the multi-billion dollar chocolate industry. Cacao's two most important traits are its unique seed storage triglyceride (cocoa butter) and the flavor of its fermented beans (chocolate). The genome of T. cacao is being sequenced, and to expand the utility of the genome sequence to the improvement of cacao, we are evaluating Theobroma grandiflorum, the closest economically important species of Theobroma for its potential use in a comparative genomic study. T. grandiflorum differs from cacao in important agronomic traits such as flavor of the fermented beans, disease resistance to witches' broom and abscission of mature fruits. By comparing genomic sequences and analyzing viable inter-specific hybrids, we hope to identify the key genes that regulate cacao's most important traits. We have investigated the utility in T. grandiflorum of three types of markers (microsatellite markers, single-strand conformational polymorphism markers and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers) developed in cacao. Through sequencing of amplicons of 12 diverse individuals of both cacao and T. grandiflorum, we have identified new intra- and inter-specific SNPs. Two markers which had no overlap of alleles between the species were used to genotype putative inter-specific hybrid seedlings. Sequence conservation was significant and species-specific differences numerous enough to suggest that comparative genomics of T. grandiflorum and T. cacao will be useful in elucidating the genetic differences that lead to a variety of important agronomic trait differences. C1 [Kuhn, David N.; Meerow, Alan W.; Cariaga, Kathleen; Freeman, Barbie; Livingstone, Donald S., III; Schnell, Raymond J.] USDA ARS SHRS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Figueira, Antonio] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Energia Nucl Agr, BR-13400970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Lopes, Uilson] Mars Ctr Cocoa Sci, BR-45630000 Itajuipe, Brazil. [Motamayor, Juan Carlos] Mars Inc, Hackettstown, NJ 07840 USA. RP Kuhn, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS SHRS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM David.Kuhn@ars.usda.gov RI Figueira, Antonio/D-5556-2011; 2, INCT/G-6506-2013; Bioetanol, Inct/I-1068-2013 OI Figueira, Antonio/0000-0001-8641-2556; FU USDA-ARS; Mars, Inc. FX This research was funded by USDA-ARS and Mars, Inc. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD OCT PY 2010 VL 6 IS 5 BP 783 EP 792 DI 10.1007/s11295-010-0291-0 PG 10 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 654LE UT WOS:000282169000014 ER PT J AU Pritchard, SG Maier, CA Johnsen, KH Grabman, AJ Chalmers, AP Burke, MK AF Pritchard, Seth G. Maier, Chris A. Johnsen, Kurt H. Grabman, Andrea J. Chalmers, Anne P. Burke, Marianne K. TI Soil incorporation of logging residue affects fine-root and mycorrhizal root-tip dynamics of young loblolly pine clones SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE loblolly pine; fine roots; root turnover; survivorship; soil management; C sequestration ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; POPLAR CLONES; BRANCH ORDER; TURNOVER; GROWTH AB Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations cover a large geographic area of the southeastern USA and supply a large proportion of the nation's wood products. Research on management strategies designed to maximize wood production while also optimizing nutrient use efficiency and soil C sequestration is needed. We used minirhizotrons to quantify the effects of incorporating logging residues into soil on fine-root standing crop, production and mortality, and mycorrhizal root tips in young loblolly pine clones of contrasting ideotypes. Clone 93 is known to allocate more C to stem growth, while clone 32 allocates less C to stems and more to leaves. The relative allocation by these clones to support fine-root turnover is unknown. Clone 32 exhibited 37% more fine-root mortality than clone 93, which was mainly the result of a greater standing crop of fine roots. Fine-root standing crop in plots amended with logging residue was initially higher than control plots, but 2.5 years after planting, standing crop in control plots had exceeded that in mulched plots. Production of mycorrhizal root tips, on the other hand, was initially higher in control than mulched plots, but during the last 9 months of the study, mycorrhizal tip production was greater in mulched than control plots, especially for clone 93. As expected, turnover rate of fine roots was greater in surface soil (0-25 cm) compared with deeper (25-50 cm) soil and for small roots (< 0.4 mm diameter) compared with larger fine roots (0.4-2.0 mm diameter). Rates of fine-root turnover were similar in both clones. Organic matter additions reduced survivorship of individual roots and increased turnover rates of fine-root populations. Results indicate that management decisions should be tailored to fit the growth and allocation patterns of available clones. C1 [Pritchard, Seth G.; Grabman, Andrea J.; Chalmers, Anne P.] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [Maier, Chris A.; Johnsen, Kurt H.] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Grabman, Andrea J.] Edisto Beach State Pk, Edisto Isl, SC 29438 USA. [Burke, Marianne K.] USDA Forest Serv, Sci Qual Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Pritchard, SG (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. EM pritchards@cofc.edu FU USDA Forest Service FX The authors thank the USDA Forest Service, Agenda 2020 for funding this research and MeadWestvaco for preparing, maintaining and providing access to the study site. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1299 EP 1310 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpq067 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 662OO UT WOS:000282818100006 PM 20668289 ER PT J AU Peters, DPC AF Peters, Debra P. C. TI Accessible ecology: synthesis of the long, deep, and broad SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; HUBBARD-BROOK; PUERTO-RICO; VARIABILITY; FOREST; SCALE AB Large volumes of data have been collected to document the many ways that ecological systems are responding to changing environmental drivers. A general buy-in on solutions to these problems can be reached only if these and future data are made easily accessible to and understood by a broad audience that includes the public, decision-makers, and other scientists. A developing framework for synthesis is reviewed that integrates three main strategies of ecological research (long-term studies; short-term, process-based studies; and broad-scale observations) with derived data products and additional sources of knowledge. This framework focuses on making data from multiple sources and disciplines easily understood by many, a prerequisite for finding synthetic solutions and predicting future dynamics in a changing world. C1 [Peters, Debra P. C.] Jornada Basin Long Term Ecol Res Program, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Peters, Debra P. C.] USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Peters, DPC (reprint author), Jornada Basin Long Term Ecol Res Program, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM debpeter@nmsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB 06-18210, DEB 06-20482]; USDA Agricultural Research Service FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation funding to New Mexico State University through the Jornada Basin LTER Program (DEB 06-18210) and to the University of New Mexico through the Sevilleta LTER Program (DEB 06-20482) as well as funding by the USDA Agricultural Research Service to the Jornada Experimental Range. Individual and site contributors to the EcoTrends Project made their data and metadata available in a form useful for multi-site comparisons. The EcoTrends Project staff (Christine Laney and Jin Yao) assembled, integrated, and standardized the data into accessible formats and created figures. Members of the EcoTrends Editorial Committee provided valuable time and expertise to guide the development of derived data products. Kris Havstad, Scott Collins, Bill Fraser, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 80 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 10 SI SI BP 592 EP 601 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2010.07.005 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 663CM UT WOS:000282860600008 PM 20728958 ER PT J AU Olsen, SC AF Olsen, S. C. TI Brucellosis in the United States: Role and significance of wildlife reservoirs SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Brucellosis as a Transboudary Infection of Animals and Humans which Needs to be Managed by Cooperative Efforts of Different Countries CY JUN, 2008 CL Serpukhov, RUSSIA DE Brucellosis; Wildlife reservoirs; Bison; Elk; Feral swine ID ABORTUS STRAIN RB51; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; BISON BISON-BISON; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CALFHOOD VACCINATION; ELK; EFFICACY; SWINE; CATTLE; TRANSMISSION AB Regulatory programs for brucellosis in domestic livestock have been active in the U.S. for almost 80 years. Wildlife reservoirs of brucellosis include bison (Bison bison) and elk (Cervus elaphus nelsonii) for Brucella abortus whereas Brucella suis is the predominant species infecting feral swine. The persistence of brucellosis in wildlife reservoirs poses a risk for reintroduction of Brucella into domestic livestock. Reducing the prevalence of brucellosis in wildlife reservoirs is anticipated to be complicated and costly, and the problem is unlikely to be quickly resolved. Although some tools are currently available for use in the wildlife reservoirs, development of new vaccines, diagnostics, and management procedures will most likely be needed for effective control of brucellosis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Olsen, SC (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM mgoldshmidt@crdf.org NR 43 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 28 SU 5 BP F73 EP F76 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.03.059 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 675KW UT WOS:000283830600015 PM 20362627 ER PT J AU Brown, EL Roellig, DM Gompper, ME Monello, RJ Wenning, KM Gabriel, MW Yabsley, MJ AF Brown, Emily L. Roellig, Dawn M. Gompper, Matthew E. Monello, Ryan J. Wenning, Krista M. Gabriel, Mourad W. Yabsley, Michael J. TI Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi Among Eleven Potential Reservoir Species from Six States Across the Southern United States SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Anaplasma; Ehrlichi; Trypanosome; Zoonosis ID RACCOONS PROCYON-LOTOR; CHAGAS-DISEASE; AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS; WILD RACCOONS; AUTOCHTHONOUS TRANSMISSION; DIDELPHIS-MARSUPIALIS; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; GEORGIA; ANTIBODIES AB Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease, is a substantial public health concern in Latin America. Although rare in humans and domestic animals in the United States, T. cruzi is commonly detected in some wildlife species, most commonly raccoons (Procyon lotor) and Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana). To increase our understanding of the reservoir host species range and geographic distribution, 11 species of mammals from six states spanning the known range of T. cruzi (Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Missouri, and Virginia) were tested for antibodies to T. cruzi using indirect immunofluorescent antibody testing. In addition, culture isolation attempts were conducted on a limited number of animals from Georgia and Florida. Evidence of T. cruzi was found in every state except California; however, low numbers of known reservoirs were tested in California. In general, the highest seroprevalence rates were found in raccoons (0-68%) and opossums (17-52%), but antibodies to T. cruzi were also detected in small numbers of striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) from Arizona and Georgia, bobcats (Lynx rufus) from Georgia, two coyotes (Canis latrans) from Georgia and Virginia, and a ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) from Arizona. Culture-based prevalence rates for raccoons were significantly greater than those for opossums; however, seroprevalences of raccoons and opossums from several geographic locations in Georgia and Florida were not different, indicating that exposure rates of these two species are similar within these areas. For both raccoons and opossums, seroprevalence was significantly higher in females than in males. No difference was detected in seroprevalence between adults and juveniles and between animals caught in urban and rural locations. Our results indicate that T. cruzi prevalence varies by host species, host characteristics, and geographic region and provides data to guide future studies on the natural history of T. cruzi in the United States. C1 [Brown, Emily L.; Roellig, Dawn M.; Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Brown, Emily L.; Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Roellig, Dawn M.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gompper, Matthew E.; Monello, Ryan J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Gabriel, Mourad W.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Vector Borne Dis, Dept Vet Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wenning, Krista M.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, USDA, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Yabsley, MJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Dept Populat Hlth, 589 DW Brooks Dr,Wildlife Hlth Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM myabsley@uga.edu FU National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R15 AI067304]; Federal Aid; National Science Foundation [DEB-0347609] FX This work was supported primarily by the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R15 AI067304). Further support was provided by the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act (50 Stat. 917), the National Science Foundation (DEB-0347609), and through sponsorship of the fish and wildlife agencies of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The authors would like to thank D. Hughes (USDA Wildife Services), J. Sleeman (VA Department of Game and Inland Fisheries), and A. Zajac (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) for providing some samples used in this project, and J. Wickwire, B. Wilcox, J. Murdock, and numerous others for field and laboratory assistance. NR 51 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 19 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 757 EP 763 DI 10.1089/vbz.2009.0009 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 669NT UT WOS:000283358200007 PM 20020815 ER PT J AU Kamalakannan, S Madhiyazhagan, P Dhandapani, A Murugan, K Barnard, D AF Kamalakannan, Siva Madhiyazhagan, Pari Dhandapani, Abirami Murugan, Kadarkarai Barnard, Donald TI Pedilanthus tithymaloides (Euphorbiaceae) Leaf Extract Phytochemicals: Toxicity to the Filariasis Vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Lethal concentration; Mortality; Mosquito; Plant ID RESISTANCE; INSECTICIDE; REPELLENCY; MOSQUITOS; EFFICACY; PIPIENS; OILS; SAY AB An ethanolic extract of Pedilanthus tithymaloides L. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves was tested for biological activity against the eggs, larvae, and pupae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Significant mortality effects were observed in each life stage. In eggs, these effects ranged from 7% to 14% at the 0.013-0.040% concentrations, respectively. In larvae, the same concentration range induced, respectively, 30-95% and 23-88% mortality in first to fourth instars. In pupae, 0.013-0.040% concentrations of leaf extract induced between 18% and 42% mortality. Fitted probit-mortality curves for larvae indicated the median and 90% lethal concentrations (LC(50)/LC(90)) of extract for instars 1-4 to be 0.024/0.042, 0.025/0.043, 0.026/0.045, and 0.028/0.047, respectively. Qualitative analyses of the extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, and steroids but the absence of alkaloids, glycosides, resins, saponins, and tannins. The results indicate that Pe. tithymaloides leaf extract exhibits significant biological activity against immature stages of Cx. quinquefasciatus and warrants further study for development and use as a natural product-based biocide in disease vector control. C1 [Kamalakannan, Siva; Madhiyazhagan, Pari; Dhandapani, Abirami; Murugan, Kadarkarai] Bharathiar Univ, Div Entomol, Dept Zool, Sch Life Sci, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India. [Barnard, Donald] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Kamalakannan, S (reprint author), Bharathiar Univ, Div Entomol, Dept Zool, Sch Life Sci, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India. EM kamal410@yahoo.com NR 34 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 817 EP 820 DI 10.1089/vbz.2009.0081 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 669NT UT WOS:000283358200015 PM 20055581 ER PT J AU Root, JJ Bentler, KT Sullivan, HJ Blitvich, BJ McLean, RG Franklin, AB AF Root, J. Jeffrey Bentler, Kevin T. Sullivan, Heather J. Blitvich, Bradley J. McLean, Robert G. Franklin, Alan B. TI Antibody Responses of Raccoons Naturally Exposed to Influenza A Virus SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Antibody; Influenza A virus; Procyon lotor; Raccoon ID INFECTION; H5N1; POPULATIONS AB An investigation was performed to describe the responses of naturally acquired antibodies to influenza A virus in raccoons (Procyon lotor) over time. Seven wild raccoons, some of which had been exposed to multiple subtypes of influenza A virus, were held in captivity for 279 days, and serum samples were collected on 10 occasions during this interval. Serum samples from 9 of 10 bleeding occasions were tested using an epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of antibodies to influenza A virus. Although titer declines were noted in most animals over time, all animals maintained detectable antibodies for the duration of the study. These data indicate that naturally acquired antibodies to influenza A virus can remain detectable in raccoons for many months, with the actual duration presumably being much longer because all animals had been exposed to influenza A virus before this study commenced. This information is important to surveillance programs because the duration of naturally acquired antibodies to influenza A virus in wildlife populations is largely unknown. C1 [Root, J. Jeffrey; Bentler, Kevin T.; Sullivan, Heather J.; McLean, Robert G.; Franklin, Alan B.] Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Blitvich, Bradley J.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA USA. RP Root, JJ (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM jeff.root@aphis.usda.gov FU Wildlife Services, APHIS, U.S. Department of Agriculture FX We are indebted to T. Fry (National Wildlife Research Center [NWRC]), K. MacCarthy (NWRC), and S. Johnson ( NWRC) for assistance with raccoons, and to the NWRC animal care staff for excellent assistance. We also thank many private and public land stewards for graciously allowing us access to their lands. Funding for this work was provided by the National Wildlife Disease Program, Wildlife Services, APHIS, U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 821 EP 823 DI 10.1089/vbz.2009.0184 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 669NT UT WOS:000283358200016 PM 20370429 ER PT J AU Maree, FF Blignaut, B de Beer, TAP Visser, N Rieder, EA AF Maree, Francois F. Blignaut, Belinda de Beer, Tjaart A. P. Visser, Nico Rieder, Elizabeth A. TI Mapping of amino acid residues responsible for adhesion of cell culture-adapted foot-and-mouth disease SAT type viruses SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chimera; Foot-and-mouth disease virus; Glycosaminoglycan; Heparan sulfate proteoglycan; Cell receptor ID HEPARAN-SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN; GLYCINE-ASPARTIC ACID; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; INTEGRIN ALPHA(V)BETA(3); OLIGOSACCHARIDE RECEPTOR; TISSUE-CULTURE; SINDBIS VIRUS; TARGET-CELLS; BINDING; ATTACHMENT AB Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infects host cells by adhering to the alpha(V) subgroup of the integrin family of cellular receptors in a Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) dependent manner. FMD viruses, propagated in non-host cell cultures are reported to acquire the ability to enter cells via alternative cell surface molecules. Sequencing analysis of SAT1 and SAT2 cell culture-adapted variants showed acquisition of positively charged amino acid residues within surface-exposed loops of the outer capsid structural proteins. The fixation of positively charged residues at position 110-112 in the beta F-beta G loop of VP1 of SAT1 isolates is thought to correlate with the acquisition of the ability to utilise alternative glycosaminoglycan (GAG) molecules for cell entry. Similarly, two SAT2 viruses that adapted readily to BHK-21 cells accumulated positively charged residues at positions 83 and 85 of the beta D-beta E loop of VP1. Both regions surround the fivefold axis of the virion. Recombinant viruses containing positively charged residues at position 110 and 112 of VP1 were able to infect CHO-K1 cells (that expresses GAG) and demonstrated increased infectivity in BHK-21 cells. Therefore, recombinant SAT viruses engineered to express substitutions that induce GAG-binding could be exploited in the rational design of vaccine seed stocks with improved growth properties in cell cultures. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Maree, Francois F.; Blignaut, Belinda] Agr Res Council, Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Transboundary Anim Dis Programme, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. [Blignaut, Belinda] Univ Pretoria, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Fac Agr & Nat Sci, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [de Beer, Tjaart A. P.] Univ Pretoria, Bioinformat & Computat Biol Unit, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Visser, Nico] Intervet Schering Plough, NL-5830 AA Boxmeer 31, Netherlands. [Rieder, Elizabeth A.] ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Maree, FF (reprint author), Agr Res Council, Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Transboundary Anim Dis Programme, Private Bag X05, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. EM Mareef@arc.agric.za OI de Beer, Tjaart/0000-0001-5966-6091 FU Intervet-Schering-Plough; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX This work was supported by funding from Intervet-Schering-Plough and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. The cell culture-adapted SAT1 and SAT2 viruses were received from the vaccine unit at Transboundary Animal Diseases of the ARC-OVI. We thank Juanita van Heerden for her contributions with sequencing part of SAT2/KNP/19/89. We would also like to thank Dr. Otto Koekemoer, Ms. Sonja Maree and Erika Kirkbride for critical reading of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 153 IS 1 BP 82 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.07.010 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 658JK UT WOS:000282486100011 PM 20637812 ER PT J AU Davis, AS Raghu, S AF Davis, A. S. Raghu, S. TI Weighing abiotic and biotic influences on weed seed predation SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE granivory; seedbank dynamics; weather; ecological weed management; Gryllus pennsylvanicus; Carabidae; Araneae; Abutilon theophrasti; Setaria faberi; Ambrosia trifida ID LAND; ARTHROPODS; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; FIELDS; IMPACT AB P>Weed seed predation is an important ecosystem service supporting weed management in low-external-input agroecosystems. Current knowledge of weed seed predation focuses on biotic mechanisms, with less undersatanding of the relative impact of abiotic variables. In order to quantify relative contributions of abiotic and biotic variables to weed seed predation rates, a field study was made within a maize crop in central Illinois, USA, in 2005 and 2006. From late July through to mid-October, weekly measurements of Abutilon theophrasti, Ambrosia trifida and Setaria faberi seed removal rates by invertebrate and vertebrate granivores, and seed losses because of abiotic processes were recorded. Weed seed rain was measured concurrently in contiguous plots, as were air temperature, precipitation, wind speed, thermal units and invertebrate activity-density. Statistical models supported the possibility that higher-level trophic interactions were contributing to variation in seed predation rates. Approaching granivory in agroecosystems as a food web may help future attempts to regulate this ecosystem service. C1 [Davis, A. S.] ARS, Invas Weed Management Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL USA. [Raghu, S.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Raghu, S.] Arid Zone Res Inst, Alice Springs, NT, Australia. RP Davis, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Global Change & Photosynthesis Res Unit, N-319 Turner Hall,1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM asdavis1@illinois.edu RI lyp, maggie/G-1471-2011; Raghu, S./A-1281-2010 OI Raghu, S./0000-0001-5843-5435 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX We thank Dr Jonathan Lundgren for help with carabid identification, Dr Paula Westerman and Dr John Orrock for their insights on the manuscript, and Ms Erin Haramoto and Mr Juan Jose Marroquin for technical assistance. This work was funded by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 402 EP 412 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2010.00790.x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 646PF UT WOS:000281553800003 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, K Fujiyoshi, P Smith, R Bettiga, L AF Baumgartner, K. Fujiyoshi, P. Smith, R. Bettiga, L. TI Weed flora and dormant-season cover crops have no effects on arbuscular mycorrhizae of grapevine SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE diversity; perennial cropping system; vineyard floor management; weed control; herbicide ID VITIS-VINIFERA L.; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; CALIFORNIA VINEYARD; CYPERUS-ESCULENTUS; FUNGI; ROOTS; SOIL; DIVERSITY; COLONIZATION; GROWTH AB P>We tested the hypothesis that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) diversity and colonisation of grapevine increase with increasing frequency and diversity of mycorrhizal hosts on the vineyard floor. The vineyard floor cover was manipulated by cover cropping (rye, triticale) inter-rows, and implementing weed control treatments in intra-row areas. Weed control treatments were the standard practice of pre-emergence applications of oxyfluorfen or simazine, and alternatives of post-emergence applications of glyphosate or oxyfluorfen, and cultivation. Grapevine mycorrhizal colonisation and frequency, diversity and richness of mycorrhizal weeds were examined for 3 years, after which AMF diversity was evaluated using PCR. Canonical correspondence analyses showed that weed control, but not cover crops, affected weed composition; cultivation and post-emergence treatments were dominated by mycorrhizal weeds (Sonchus oleraceus and Conyza canadensis respectively), pre-emergence treatments were dominated by non-mycorrhizal Cyperus esculentus. Weed frequency varied among treatments; cultivation was less effective than both herbicide treatments in the first year, and both cultivation and post-emergence herbicide were least effective in the last year. Therefore, the alternative weed control methods may not be as effective as the pre-emergence herbicide. Weed control had a significant interaction with year on frequency, diversity and richness of mycorrhizal weeds, none of which correlated with grapevine mycorrhizal colonisation. Our finding of no effect of weed control on grapevine mycorrhizae, despite significant effects on weeds, provide no support our hypothesis, but rather suggest that mycorrhizal hosts on the vineyard floor have no influence on grapevine mycorrhizae. C1 [Baumgartner, K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Smith, R.; Bettiga, L.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA USA. RP Baumgartner, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, ARS, USDA, 363 Hutchison Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kbaumgartner@ucdavis.edu FU Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program FX We thank B. Mackey (Statistician, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA) for advice on ANOVAS, means comparisons and CCA. Reviews were provided by R. Bhat (University of California, Davis) and K. Steenwerth (USDA-ARS, Davis, CA). We also thank R. Smith, J. Smith, and D. Salm (Valley Farm Management-Paraiso Vineyards) for the site and for carrying out vineyard practices. Funding was provided by a grant from the Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 456 EP 466 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2010.00793.x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 646PF UT WOS:000281553800008 ER PT J AU Slotta, TAB Foley, ME Chao, SM Hufbauer, RA Horvath, DP AF Slotta, Tracey A. Bodo Foley, Michael E. Chao, Shaioman Hufbauer, Ruth A. Horvath, David P. TI Assessing Genetic Diversity of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) in North America with Microsatellites SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cirsium arvense; Canada thistle; genetic diversity; invasive species; microsatellaes ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; POPULATION-GROWTH; INVASION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; REPRODUCTION; EVOLUTION; PLANTS AB Invasive species such as Canada thistle pose a significant threat to ecosystems. The risk of introducing invasive species has increased with human activities, and the effects of such events have economic and aesthetic impacts. Native to Europe. Canada thistle is now established throughout temperate North America. Although there is documentation of early occurrences to North America, little is known on how it has become established in diverse habitats or how it continues to spread. We examined genetic diversity within and among nearly 1,700 Canada thistle individuals from 85 North American locations with the use of seven microsatellite markers in order to address these questions. PAUP and STRUCTURE programs were used to assess genetic diversity and relationships within and between populations. Populations exhibited greater within-population diversity (> 60%) than expected for a reported clonally reproducing species. Total diversity of sampled locations in North America (0.183),was less than previously reported for European locations (0.715), but the greater mean difference between North American populations (0 264 relative to 0.246 from England) suggests suong founder effects or restriction of gene flow influencing individual populations Furthermore, analyses identified numerous instances where individuals from geographically distant regions clustered together, indicating long-distance translocation of propogules However, isolation by distance analysis showed significant correlation between location and population genetic distances (r = 0 1917, P = 0.006). Within populations, nearly 92% of individuals sampled harbored unique multilocus genotypes, strongly suggesting that sexual reproduction is common. Within populations, analysis of genetic structure indicated significant admixture of genotypes throughout the invasive range in North America. The recurrent distribution of seed throughout North America has led to a highly diverse gene pool and increased the adaptive success Canada thistle to a wide variety of habitats. Future technologies developed for control of Canada thistle should consider this diversity C1 [Slotta, Tracey A. Bodo; Foley, Michael E.; Chao, Shaioman; Horvath, David P.] ARS, USDA, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Hufbauer, Ruth A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Slotta, TAB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. OI Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 42 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 19 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 58 IS 4 BP 387 EP 394 DI 10.1614/WS-D-09-00070.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 673WB UT WOS:000283693800004 ER PT J AU Bukun, B Shaner, DL Nissen, SJ Westra, P Brunk, G AF Bukun, Bekir Shaner, Dale L. Nissen, Scott J. Westra, Philip Brunk, Galen TI Comparison of the Interactions of Aminopyralid vs. Clopyralid with Soil SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Soil adsorption; K(d); R(f) ID THISTLE CIRSIUM-ARVENSE; THIN-LAYER; SORPTION; HERBICIDES; MOBILITY; ATRAZINE; PRAIRIE; FLOW AB Laboratory studies were conducted to compare the soil adsorption of aminopyralid and clopyralid with the use of batch-slurry and centrifugation assays. The calculated soil binding constants for both herbicides varied between the two techniques, but the centrifugation assay had a lower coefficient of variation compared to the batch-slurry assay. These results indicate that a centrifugation assay is a more accurate procedure for measuring the interaction of aminopyralid and clopyralid with soils. Aminopyralid adsorbed more tightly than clopyralid to six of the eight soils tested. Adsorption K(d) values ranged from 0.083 to 0 364 for clopyralid and 0.106 to 0 697 for aminopyralid. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that binding of both herbicides was highly correlated to soil organic matter and texture but not to soil pH. On average, soil thin-layer chromatography indicated that aminopyralid was less mobile (R(f) = 0 82) than clopyralid (R(f) = 0.91), although both were mobile. These results suggest that aminopyralid will have a lower leaching potential than clopyralid. Lower potential aminopyralid soil leaching, coupled with low use rates, suggests it may be the herbicide of choice in areas where potential for leaching could be a concern C1 [Shaner, Dale L.] ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Bukun, Bekir] Harran Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Sanliurfa, Turkey. [Nissen, Scott J.; Westra, Philip; Brunk, Galen] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Shaner, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 58 IS 4 BP 473 EP 477 DI 10.1614/WS-D-09-00087.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 673WB UT WOS:000283693800016 ER PT J AU Fast, BJ Ferrell, JA MacDonald, GE Krutz, LJ Kline, WN AF Fast, Brandon J. Ferrell, Jason A. MacDonald, Gregory E. Krutz, L. Jason Kline, William N. TI Picloram and Aminopyralid Sorption to Soil and Clay Minerals SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Freundlich distribution coefficient; herbicide adsorption; herbicide leaching; herbicide sorption kinetics ID ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; ACID; MONTMORILLONITE; SULFENTRAZONE; ADSORBENTS; HERBICIDES; ATRAZINE; CATION; PH AB Research was conducted to determine picloram and aminopyralid sorption in five soils and three clay minerals and to determine if the potential for off-target movement of aminopyralid in soil is less than that of picloram. Nearly all sorption of picloram and aminopyralid occurred between 0 and 8 h, and the maximum theoretical sorption of picloram and aminopyralid were 10.3 and 15 2%, respectively. Freundlich distribution coefficients (KO for picloram ranged from 0 12 in a Cecil sandy loam to 0.81 in an Arredondo fine sand, while K(f) values for aminopyralid ranged from 0.35 in a Cecil sandy loam to 0.96 in an Arredondo fine sand. Furthermore, K(f) values of aminopyralid were higher than those of picloram in all sods tested Kf values of picloram in clay minerals were 0 25 (kaolinite), 1 17 (bentonite), and 1,016.4 (montmorillonite), and those of aminopyralid were 5.63 (kaolinite), 2 29 (bentonite), and 608.90 (montmorillonite). It was concluded that soil sorption of aminopyralid was greater than that of picloram and that the potential for off-target movement of aminopyralid is less than that of picloram C1 [Fast, Brandon J.; Ferrell, Jason A.; MacDonald, Gregory E.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Krutz, L. Jason] ARS, USDA, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Kline, William N.] Dow AgroSci, Duluth, GA 30096 USA. RP Fast, BJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 26 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 58 IS 4 BP 484 EP 489 DI 10.1614/WS-D-10-00001.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 673WB UT WOS:000283693800018 ER PT J AU Felix, J Boydston, RA AF Felix, Joel Boydston, Rick A. TI Evaluation of Imazosulfuron for Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and Broadleaf Weed Control in Potato SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE herbicide injury; potato injury; yellow nutsedge control ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM TOLERANCE; HALOSULFURON; HERBICIDES; PURPLE AB Field studies were conducted in 2007 and 2008 near Nyssa, OR, and Pasco and Paterson, WA to evaluate yellow nutsedge and broadleaf weed control and potato tolerance to imazosulfuron. No injury symptoms from imazosulfuron were evident on potato at Nyssa, whereas in Washington, imazosulfuron caused some chlorosis of potato foliage ranging from 6 to 15% and < 4% at 6 and 15 d after POST application, respectively. Sequential applications of imazosulfuron controlled yellow nutsedge better than a single PRE application. Sequential applications of imazosulfuron or imazosulfuron in combination with s-metolachlor controlled yellow nutsedge > 92 and 89% at 21 and 42 d after POST applications, respectively. Imazosulfuron controlled >= 98% of common lambsquarters and 100% of pigweed species. Imazosulfuron provided season-long control of common mallow at Nyssa. However, imazosulfuron failed to control Russian thistle at Paterson, and only partially controlled hairy nightshade. Yield of U.S. no. 1 potato at Nyssa ranged from 44 to 54 T ha(-1) and 42 to 52 T ha(-1) for imazosulfuron PRE and imazosulfuron sequential treatments in 2007 and 2008, respectively. U.S. no. 1 potato yield following imazosulfuron PRE and sequential treatments at Pasco ranged from 49 to 57 T ha(-1) in 2007, and at Paterson from 36 to 54 T ha(-1) in 2008. Lower yields in 2008 were attributed to poor control of hairy nightshade. Imazosulfuron has potential to become a valuable tool for yellow nutsedge management in potato. Studies are needed to evaluate the soil persistence for imazosulfuron in order to determine safety to crops grown in rotation with potato. C1 [Felix, Joel] Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. ARS, USDA, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Felix, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. EM joel.felix@oregonstate.edu NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 24 IS 4 BP 471 EP 477 DI 10.1614/WT-D-09-00072.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 679UH UT WOS:000284185800010 ER PT J AU Kota, AM Bartos, DL AF Kota, Andrew M. Bartos, Dale L. TI Evaluation of Techniques to Protect Aspen Suckers from Ungulate Browsing in the Black Hills SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE hinging; quaking aspen; restoration; wildfire; wildlife ID COMMUNITIES FOLLOWING FIRE; UNDERSTORY; SUCCESSION; HERBIVORY; BIOMASS AB Excessive browsing by cattle (Bos taurus L.) and wild ungulates, particularly elk (Cervus elaphus L.), sometimes inhibits growth and maturity of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) suckers in Western North America. In areas where aspen stands are in poor condition or declining, protecting suckers from ungulates may be necessary. This study compared the utility of livestock fences, complete wildlife exclosures, barriers created from slash debris, and tree hinging during 2004 and 2005 in the Black Hills of South Dakota. All of the barriers significantly reduced percentage browsing of aspen suckers compared with the pretreatment average (78%) and posttreatment control (79%). Slash treatments and livestock fences decreased ungulate browsing by 19%, hinge treatments decreased it by 39%, and wildlife fences eliminated nearly all incidences of sucker browsing. The average length removed per terminal stem for aspen suckers decreased from 20.8 to 14.4 cm across all treatments. After 1 year, the mean number of suckers above 100 cm height in both the hinge and slash treatments were significantly greater than both the fence treatments and control. Data showed that autumn and winter browsing was primarily by wild ungulates. Slash barriers can replace livestock fences where cattle affect aspen suckers. Hinge barriers are more useful than both slash barriers and livestock fences in areas where wild ungulates are the primary browsers. C1 [Kota, Andrew M.] Foothills Conservancy N Carolina, Morganton, NC 28680 USA. [Bartos, Dale L.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Kota, AM (reprint author), Foothills Conservancy N Carolina, Morganton, NC 28680 USA. EM dbartos@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 26 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 161 EP 168 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 663BV UT WOS:000282858900001 ER PT J AU Curtis, RO AF Curtis, Robert O. TI Effect of Diameter Limits and Stand Structure on Relative Density Indices: A Case Study SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE density control; relative density; stand density index; stocking control; Reineke stand density index; Curtis relative density ID DOUGLAS-FIR AB An understory of shade-tolerant species often develops in stands in the Douglas-fir region of western Washington and Oregon and can have a disproportionate effect on relative density indices, such as Reineke stand density index and Curtis relative density. The effects of such understories and of other departures from the even-aged condition are illustrated with selected stand data. In general, the summation methods are less influenced by departures from the even-aged condition than are the conventional calculations based on quadratic mean diameter. Recommendations are made for consistent definition of the lower diameter limit of trees to be included in such computations C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Curtis, RO (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM rcurtis@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 169 EP 175 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 663BV UT WOS:000282858900002 ER PT J AU Azuma, D AF Azuma, David TI The Effects of a Western Spruce Budworm Outbreak on the Dead Wood Component in Relation to Ownership in Forests of Eastern Oregon SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest inventory; western spruce budworm; dead wood; coarse woody debris; aerial damage surveys ID DOUGLAS-FIR; DEBRIS AB Forest Inventory and Analysis data were used to investigate the effects of a severe western spruce budworm outbreak on the dead wood component of forests in 11 counties of eastern Oregon for two time periods. The ownership and the level of damage (as assessed by aerial surveys) affected the resulting down woody material and standing dead trees. The pattern of coarse woody debris with respect to ownership and management intensity remained consistent into the next 10-year period. Harvesting tended to lower the amount of coarse woody debris on private forests. Federally managed forests had more standing dead trees than private lands, with more in the reserved than nonreserved areas. There was a reduction in the number of standing dead trees between the two periods. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Stn, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Azuma, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Stn, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM dazuma@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 176 EP 180 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 663BV UT WOS:000282858900003 ER PT J AU Grosman, DM Fettig, CJ Jorgensen, CL Munson, AS AF Grosman, Donald M. Fettig, Christopher J. Jorgensen, Carl L. Munson, A. Steven TI Effectiveness of Two Systemic Insecticides for Protecting Western Conifers from Mortality Due to Bark Beetle Attack SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus brevicomis; Dendroctonus ponderosae; Dendroctonus rufipennis; systemic insecticides; single-tree protection ID PONDEROSA PINE TREES; LOBLOLLY-PINE; UNITED-STATES; COLEOPTERA; CARBARYL; CURCULIONIDAE; SCOLYTIDAE; EFFICACY; PERMETHRIN; MANAGEMENT AB Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) are important tree mortality agents in western coniferous forests. Protection of individual trees from bark beetle attack has historically involved applications of liquid formulations of contact insecticides to the tree bole using hydraulic sprayers. More recently, researchers looking for more portable and environmentally safe alternatives have examined the effectiveness of injecting small quantities of systemic insecticides directly into trees. In this study, we evaluated trunk injections of experimental formulations of emamectin benzoate and fipronil for preventing tree mortality due to attack by western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte) on ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) in California, mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) on lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) in Idaho, and spruce beetle (D. rufipennis [Kirby]) on Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) in Utah. Fipronil appeared ineffective for protecting P. ponderosa from mortality due to D. brevicomis over the 3 years in California because of insufficient mortality of untreated, baited control trees the first 2 years and high mortality of the fipronil-treated trees in the third year. Emamectin benzoate was effective in providing protection of P. ponderosa from D. brevicomis during the third year following a single application. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the successful application of a systemic insecticide for protecting individual conifers from mortality due to bark beetle attack in the western United States. Estimates of efficacy could not be made during both field seasons in P. contorta because of insufficient mortality in control trees. Both emamectin benzoate and fipronil were ineffective for protecting P. engelmannii from D. rufipennis. Lower ambient and soil temperatures and soil moisture may have limited chemical movement and thus efficacy at the Idaho and Utah sites. C1 [Grosman, Donald M.] Texas Forest Serv, Lufkin, TX 75902 USA. [Fettig, Christopher J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Jorgensen, Carl L.] US Forest Serv, Boise, ID 83709 USA. [Munson, A. Steven] US Forest Serv, Ogden, UT 84403 USA. RP Grosman, DM (reprint author), Texas Forest Serv, POB 310, Lufkin, TX 75902 USA. EM dgrosman@tfs.tamu.edu NR 28 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 181 EP 185 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 663BV UT WOS:000282858900004 ER PT J AU Greene, JL Daniels, SE Kilgore, MA Straka, TJ Jacobson, MG AF Greene, John L. Daniels, Steven E. Kilgore, Michael A. Straka, Thomas J. Jacobson, Michael G. TI Effectiveness of Financial Incentive Programs in Promoting Sustainable Forestry in the West SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE private forest landowners; family forest owners; NIPF; cost-share; property tax ID PRIVATE FORESTRY; UNITED-STATES; POLICY TOOLS; INVESTMENT AB Selected forestry officials in each of the 13 western states were surveyed in 2005 concerning their opinions on the public and private financial incentive programs available to nonindustrial private forest owners in their state. The officials were asked to name and describe the programs and to assess forest owners' awareness of each one, its appeal among owners aware of it, its effectiveness in encouraging sustainable forestry and enabling owners to meet their objectives, and the percent of program practices that remain in place and enrolled acres that remain in forest over time. They also were asked to suggest ways to improve the programs. The FSP, FLEP, and FLP were among the top-rated federal programs. Programs sponsored by states and private organizations tended to be more narrowly targeted than federal programs and scored well for specific attributes of sustainability. The officials' suggestions for program improvement largely centered on increasing visibility and availability, ensuring long-term consistency in funding, and simplifying the application and approval processes. C1 [Greene, John L.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Daniels, Steven E.] Utah State Univ, Dept Sociol Social Work & Anthropol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Kilgore, Michael A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Straka, Thomas J.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Jacobson, Michael G.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Greene, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 3041 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jgreene01@fs.fed.us; steve.daniels@usu.edu; mkilgore@umn.edu; tstraka@clemson.edu; mgj2@psu.edu FU States, forest industry firms and associations; NGOs FX Programs sponsored by states, forest industry firms and associations, and NGOs generally are more narrowly targeted than federal programs and received their highest scores for specific attributes of sustainability. Such targeted programs have the potential to outperform general conservation programs for regional concerns, emerging issues-e.g., control of invasive species and where program funding is limited. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 186 EP 193 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 663BV UT WOS:000282858900005 ER PT J AU Baker, FA Guyon, J AF Baker, Fred A. Guyon, John TI Distribution of Three Dwarf Mistletoe Species within Their Host Tree Crowns SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE mistletoe intensification; mistletoe simulation; dwarf mistletoe rating ID WESTERN HEMLOCK; PONDEROSA PINE; DOUGLAS-FIR; INTENSIFICATION; SPREAD; STANDS; MODEL AB We examined the distribution of dwarf mistletoes within the crowns of Douglas-firs, ponderosa pines, and lodgepole pines. Stand structure and host species had no effect on the proportion of trees within each dwarf mistletoe rating (DMR) class, nor did it affect the distribution of dwarf mistletoe within crown thirds for a given DMR. Dwarf mistletoe tended to infect the lower third of the crown first in all three species. Regardless of DMR, dwarf mistletoe usually intensified in the lowest crown third before doing so in the other thirds. These results are consistent with the distributions of dwarf mistletoe among crown thirds assumed in the Forest Vegetation Simulator for even-aged stands and are also appropriate for uneven-aged stands of Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, and lodgepole pine. Relationships between percentage of plot infection and DMR and dwarf mistletoe index were strong. C1 [Baker, Fred A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildand Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Guyon, John] US Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Baker, FA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildand Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM forpest@cc.usu.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 194 EP 198 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 663BV UT WOS:000282858900006 ER PT J AU Noonan-Wright, E Hood, SM Cluck, DR AF Noonan-Wright, Erin Hood, Sharon M. Cluck, Danny R. TI Does Raking Basal Duff Affect Tree Growth Rates or Mortality? SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE basal area increment; ponderosa pine; Jeffrey pine; fire effects; duff; mortality ID OLD PONDEROSA PINE; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; ARIZONA; RESTORATION AB Mortality and reduced growth rates due to raking accumulated basal duff were evaluated for old, large-diameter ponderosa and Jeffrey pine trees on the Lassen National Forest, California. No fire treatments were included to isolate the effect of raking from fire. Trees were monitored annually for 5 years after the raking treatment for mortality and then cored to measure basal area increment. Results showed that raking basal duff and litter to mineral soil from the bole out to 60 cm had no effect on basal area increment or mortality for 5 years posttreatment. Results ore pertinent to managers who question whether raking basal duff will decrease tree vigor or increase tree mortality of large and old ponderosa and Jeffrey pine trees in northern California. C1 [Noonan-Wright, Erin] US Forest Serv, Wildand Fire Management RDA, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Hood, Sharon M.] Fire Fuel & Smoke Sci Program, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Cluck, Danny R.] US Forest Serv, Susanville, CA 96130 USA. RP Noonan-Wright, E (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Wildand Fire Management RDA, 5765 W Broadway, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM enoonan02@fs.fed.us; dcluck@fs.fed.us RI Hood, Sharon/E-5209-2015 OI Hood, Sharon/0000-0002-9544-8208 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 199 EP 202 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 663BV UT WOS:000282858900007 ER PT J AU Reinet, AL Tausch, RJ Walker, RF AF Reinet, Alicia L. Tausch, Robin J. Walker, Roger F. TI ESTIMATION PROCEDURES FOR UNDERSTORY BIOMASS AND FUEL LOADS IN SAGEBRUSH STEPPE INVADED BY WOODLANDS SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE biomass prediction; allometric relationships; fuel loads; shrubs; perenntal grasses; perennial; forbs pinyon; Jumper woodlands ID BIG SAGEBRUSH; PHYTOMASS; EQUATIONS; SHRUBS AB Regression equations were developed to prediet biomass for 9 shrubs 9 grasses old 10 forbs that gener ally dominate sagebrush ecosystems in central Nevada Independent variables included percent cover average height and plant volume We explored 2 ellipsoid volumes one with maximum plant height and 2 crown diameters and another with live crown height and 2 crown diameters Dependent variables were total live and dead biomass Simple multiple line u and power equations were investigated Models were chosen based on scatter plots residual plots and R-2 and SEE values In general simple power equations piovided the best fit regressions For shrubs the ellipsoid volume computed with maximum plant height best predicted total plant weight and the ellipsoid volume computed with the live crown height best predicted shrub foliage weight In addition to regression equations for biomass ratios for division of that biomass into 1 10 100 and 1000 hour fuels were derived fin common large shrubs Regression equations were also derived to relate litter mat sizes of maim shrub species to litter weights The equations in this paper could he used to predict biomass in other areas of the Crest Basm if training data were taken to validate or adjust these models C1 [Reinet, Alicia L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Adapt Management Serv Enterprise Team, Sparks, NV 89130 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Walker, Roger F.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Reinet, AL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Adapt Management Serv Enterprise Team, 1200 Franklin Way, Sparks, NV 89130 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD OCT PY 2010 VL 70 IS 3 BP 312 EP 322 DI 10.3398/064.070.0304 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 682XG UT WOS:000284435700004 ER PT J AU Tepedino, VJ Griswold, TL Bowlin, WR AF Tepedino, Vincent J. Griswold, Terry L. Bowlin, William R. TI REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY, HYBRIDIZATION, AND FLOWER VISITORS OF RARE SCLEROCACTUS TAXA IN UTAH S UINTAH BASIN SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Sclerocactus; pollination; breeding system; native bees; hybridization; conservation; Cactaceae ID NORTH-AMERICAN CACTI; HYBRID SPECIATION; CACTACEAE; INTROGRESSION; POLLINATION; EXTINCTION; EVOLUTION; PLANTS AB We studied the mating system and flower visitors of 2 threatened species of Sclerocactus (Cactaceae) in the Umtah Basin of eastern Utah-an are undergoing rapid energy development We found that both S wetlandicus and S brevispinus are predominatly outcrossed and are essentially self incompatable A third presumptive tixon (undescribed here called S wetlandicus sari) is full) self compatible but cannot produce seeds unless the flowers s are visited by pollinitors We found tentative evidence for pollimtor limitation of fruit set in S breuispmus but not in the other taxa pollinitoers are largely species of native ground nesting bees in the subfmsils H ahetm These bees are indiscriminate collectors of pollen and nectar from Sclerocaotus flowers and other plant species 1 he V, ell being of Selerocactus populations requires that kind managers ensure the preservation of halietid bee habitat which includes both nesting sites and a diversity of floral resources These bees ire also undoubtedly the pollen sectors responsible for the production of hybrids in areas here S wetlandicus and S brevispmus Inca We experiment ills confirmed that teciporcal (losses between S wetlandicus and S bieuspinus are mdistinguish able from each other on from pure crosses in fruits/flower seeds/fruit and seed eights We suggest that hybrization preceded energy development tint it attests to the ongoing process of evolution in the Solerocactus group and th it it should not be suppressed by anthropogemc activity C1 [Tepedino, Vincent J.; Griswold, Terry L.; Bowlin, William R.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Tepedino, VJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. FU At USDI-BLM Utah FX We had much help on this project At USDI-BLM Utah, hats off to Maria Ulloa and Ron Bolander for suggesting and funding the project Botanicas Extraordinarias Jessie Salix, M Ulloa (BLM), and Beth Chester (USFWS) were unstinting with their help in the field, in the office, and with logistics Harold Ikerd, USDA-ARS, carried out most of the fieldwork in his typical can-do fashion The manuscript benefited from reviews by J Mark Porter, J Salix, M Ulloa, and D Woodruff NR 41 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 18 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD OCT PY 2010 VL 70 IS 3 BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.3398/064.070.0310 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 682XG UT WOS:000284435700010 ER PT J AU Novy, A Smouse, PE Hartman, JM Struwe, L Honig, J Miller, C Alvarez, M Bonos, S AF Novy, Ari Smouse, Peter E. Hartman, Jean Marie Struwe, Lena Honig, Josh Miller, Chris Alvarez, Melissa Bonos, Stacy TI Genetic Variation of Spartina alterniflora in the New York Metropolitan Area and Its Relevance for Marsh Restoration (vol 30, pg 603, 2010) SO WETLANDS LA English DT Correction C1 [Novy, Ari; Struwe, Lena; Honig, Josh; Bonos, Stacy] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Novy, Ari; Hartman, Jean Marie] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, Dept Landscape Architecture, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Smouse, Peter E.; Struwe, Lena] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Miller, Chris] NRCS Plant Mat Ctr, USDA, Cape May, NJ USA. [Alvarez, Melissa] USA, Corps Engn, New York, NY USA. RP Novy, A (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, Rm 273,Foran Hall, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM arinovy@rci.rutgers.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD OCT PY 2010 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1007 EP 1007 DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0086-y PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 691VW UT WOS:000285109900017 ER PT J AU Moya, L Tze, WTY Winandy, JE AF Moya, Laura Tze, William T. Y. Winandy, Jerrold E. TI PREDICTING BENDING STIFFNESS OF RANDOMLY ORIENTED HYBRID PANELS SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hybrid panels; stiffness modeling; laminate theory; wood strands; bark ID STRENGTH PROPERTIES; TENSILE PROPERTIES; WOOD; COMPOSITE; PARTICLEBOARD; MODULUS; STRANDBOARD; ELASTICITY; FLAKES; MODEL AB This study was conducted to develop a simple model to predict the bending modulus of elasticity (MOE) of randomly oriented hybrid panels The modeling process involved three modules the behavior of a single layer was computed by applying micromechanics equations, layer properties were adjusted for densification effects, and the conic panel was modeled as a three-layer symmetric composite using laminate theory The model accounts for panel vertical density distribution and the inclusion of two fiber reinforcements Model inputs were experimentally determined from physical and mechanical tests on hot-pressed resinated strands and balk Experimental verification was conducted using laboratory panels of wood strands and hark from fire-impacted trees at an 80 20 wood bark weight ratio Comparisons with experimental data showed that MOE of hybrid panels was adequately predicted with deviations of 13-23% compared with observed MOE Results validated application of micromechanic equations and laminate theory to pi edict the MOE of randomly oriented hybrid oriented strandboard of wood strands and balk This study also contributes to the knowledge of predicting and tuning stiffness properties of hybrid panel-based composites. thereby promoting utilisation and sustainable use of plant-based raw materials C1 [Moya, Laura] Univ ORT Uruguay, Sch Architecture, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Moya, Laura; Tze, William T. Y.; Winandy, Jerrold E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Winandy, Jerrold E.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Moya, L (reprint author), Univ ORT Uruguay, Sch Architecture, Montevideo, Uruguay. FU Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research, Inc; Buckman Foundation; USDA Forest Service; McIntire Stennis Fund [MIN-12-033] FX We gratefully acknowledge Neil Gribbins. James Muchl, and William Nelson at the USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI. We also greatly appreciate financial support from the Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research, Inc, the Buckman Foundation, the USDA Forest Service "National Fire Plan," and the McIntire Stennis Fund (AES Project No. MIN-12-033). Timber donations from Plum Creek Timber Company. Inc and the USDA Forest Service Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Washburn District Office are also acknowledged. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 42 IS 4 BP 536 EP 549 PG 14 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 669GC UT WOS:000283334900013 ER PT J AU Volkova, VV Bailey, RH Rybolt, ML Dazo-Galarneau, K Hubbard, SA Magee, D Byrd, JA Wills, RW AF Volkova, V. V. Bailey, R. H. Rybolt, M. L. Dazo-Galarneau, K. Hubbard, S. A. Magee, D. Byrd, J. A. Wills, R. W. TI Inter-relationships of Salmonella Status of Flock and Grow-Out Environment at Sequential Segments in Broiler Production and Processing SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; broiler; food safety; epidemiology; risk analysis ID RAW CHICKEN CARCASSES; RISK-FACTORS; BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE; POULTRY MEAT; CONTAMINATION; INFECTION; PERSISTENCE; HATCHERIES; OPERATIONS; HOUSES AB In this study, we investigated how the likelihoods of Salmonella presence in various samples from broilers and their grow-out environment throughout one production cycle were related. Sixty-four broiler flocks from 10 complexes of two companies in the southern United States were included in the study. Samples from the gastrointestinal tracts of chicks, transport tray pads and litter and drag swabs from the house were collected on the day of placement of each flock. Approximately, 1 week before harvest, whole bird carcass rinses, caecum and crop samples were collected from birds from these same flocks. On the day of harvest, litter and drag swab samples were also taken from the house after the birds were removed. Upon arrival of the flocks at the processing plant, whole carcass rinses, caecum and crop samples were collected. As the flocks were processed, carcass rinses were collected just before the carcasses entered the immersion chill tank and as they exited the chill tank. Logistic regression was used to model the relationships between the likelihood of Salmonella in samples of each type collected at each sampling point and Salmonella frequencies in all the samples taken from the flock and grow-out environment at preceding production stages. The analysis demonstrated that increased likelihood of Salmonella contaminated carcasses entering the immersion chill tank was associated with higher contamination of the exteriors and crops of birds at arrival for processing as well as house environmental samples at the time of harvest and prior to placement. The best predictors of post-chill broiler carcass Salmonella status were the frequencies of Salmonella in the litter on the day of harvest and prior to placement. The immersion chilling appeared to disrupt some of the relationships between the processing plant and pre-harvest samples. C1 [Bailey, R. H.; Dazo-Galarneau, K.; Hubbard, S. A.; Magee, D.; Wills, R. W.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Populat Med, Mississippi State, MS 39769 USA. [Volkova, V. V.] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Infect Dis, Epigrp, Ashworth Labs, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Rybolt, M. L.] Natl Turkey Federat, Washington, DC USA. [Byrd, J. A.] ARS, USDA, SPARC, College Stn, TX USA. RP Wills, RW (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Populat Med, 240 Wise Ctr Dr,POB 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39769 USA. EM rhbailey@cvm.msstate.edu; wills@cvm.msstate.edu RI Tast Lahti, Elina/R-8664-2016 FU Epidemiological Approaches for Food Safety, USDA NRICGP [32.1, 2002-02235] FX This work was funded by the Epidemiological Approaches for Food Safety, USDA NRICGP 32.1, 2002-02235. We thank Mrs Terry Doler and Mrs MaryAnn Ballard for laboratory and logistics support of the project. We gratefully acknowledge Dr David Smith and Dr Tyler McAlpin for participation in the tremendous sample collection effort that resulted in the microbiological database, part of which was used in this study. We acknowledge the many student workers, Dr Jeb Cade, Amanda Donald, Dr Bryce Blood, Erin Mills, Dr Larisha Thomaseec and others, who also worked on the collection and laboratory processing of the samples. VV is grateful to Dr Martin Miller for helpful discussions and reading through the paper. We appreciate the collaboration of the participating poultry companies and growers for their invaluable contribution to this study. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PD OCT PY 2010 VL 57 IS 7-8 BP 463 EP 475 DI 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01263.x PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 682AR UT WOS:000284369000036 PM 19912607 ER PT J AU Hill, DE Pierce, V Murrell, KD Ratliffe, N Rupp, B Fournet, VM Zarlenga, DS Rosenthal, BM Gamble, HR Kelly, K Dulin, M AF Hill, D. E. Pierce, V. Murrell, K. Darwin Ratliffe, N. Rupp, B. Fournet, V. M. Zarlenga, D. S. Rosenthal, B. M. Gamble, H. Ray Kelly, K. Dulin, M. TI Cessation of Trichinella spiralis Transmission Among Scavenging Mammals After the Removal of Infected Pigs From a Poorly Managed Farm: Implications for Trichinae Transmission in the US SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Trichinella; wildlife; transmission ID AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEM; GENUS TRICHINELLA; SYSTEMATICS; SWINE; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIVERSITY; GENOTYPES; MURRELLI; ANIMALS AB Pigs infected with the zoonotic parasite Trichinella spiralis were detected on a farm in Maryland during an animal welfare investigation. Sera and/or tissues were collected from 49 pigs and three pig carcasses (7 weeks of age to adult, mixed sex). The tissues were tested for the presence of T. spiralis muscle larvae (ML) by tissue digestion, and the sera were tested for the presence of anti-Trichinella antibodies by ELISA. Seventeen of 50 (34%) pigs were infected with T. spiralis based on tissue digestion. Of these 17 pigs, sera were collected from 16; nine were serologically positive, three sera had OD values that were very close to the positive cut-off (0.30), but were still negative, and four were negative (suggesting that they had become infected within a few weeks of testing). All pigs that tested negative by tissue digestion for ML were also ELISA negative. The farm was subsequently depopulated of pigs. Six months later, testing of trapped scavenging mammals in the farm environment demonstrated that 41% were infected with T. spiralis. After 12 months, 10% of trapped animals were T. spiralis positive, and after 18 months, T. spiralis could not be detected in the scavenging mammal population surrounding the farm. Results of the study suggest that T. spiralis, typically transmitted in the peridomestic rat-pig-human cycle in the US, was not maintained in scavenging mammals in the absence of infected pigs. C1 [Hill, D. E.; Fournet, V. M.; Zarlenga, D. S.; Rosenthal, B. M.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pierce, V.; Dulin, M.] Maryland Dept Agr, Frederick Anim Hlth Lab, Frederick, MD USA. [Murrell, K. Darwin] USUHS, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Biostat, Bethesda, MD USA. [Ratliffe, N.; Rupp, B.] Humane Soc Carroll Cty, Westminster, MD USA. [Gamble, H. Ray] Natl Acad Sci, Policy & Global Affairs Div, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Kelly, K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Comparat Pathobiol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Hill, DE (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 1044,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dolores.hill@ars.usda.gov OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PD OCT PY 2010 VL 57 IS 7-8 BP E116 EP E123 DI 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01296.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 682AR UT WOS:000284369000019 PM 19968844 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Thacker, TC Waters, WR Robbe-Austerman, S Lebepe-Mazur, SM Harris, NB AF Palmer, M. V. Thacker, T. C. Waters, W. R. Robbe-Austerman, S. Lebepe-Mazur, S. M. Harris, N. B. TI Persistence of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) after Oral or Parenteral Vaccination SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE BCG; Danish; deer; Mycobacterium bovis; persistence; tuberculosis; vaccination; zoonosis ID ENVIRONMENTAL MYCOBACTERIA; NEONATAL CALVES; IN-VIVO; TUBERCULOSIS; BCG; MICHIGAN; INFECTION; IMMUNITY; WILDLIFE; CATTLE AB Mycobacterium bovis is the cause of tuberculosis in cattle and a serious zoonotic pathogen, most commonly contracted through consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. To control this zoonosis, many countries have developed bovine tuberculosis eradication programmes. Although relatively successful, efforts are hindered in many regions by spillover from wildlife reservoirs of M. bovis to cattle. Such is the case in the United States where spillover of M. bovis from free-ranging white-tailed deer to cattle occurs. One approach to control such inter-species transmission is vaccination of wildlife. The live, attenuated human vaccine M. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been shown to reduce disease severity in white-tailed deer; however, vaccine persistence within tissues has also been noted. Consumption of venison containing BCG by hunters may present a public health concern as BCG exposure, although unlikely to cause disease, could cause false positive tuberculin skin test results. To examine BCG persistence further, 42 white-tailed deer were vaccinated orally or subcutaneously (SC) with BCG Danish. Three deer from each group were killed and examined at periods ranging from 2 weeks to 11 months after vaccination. BCG was recovered from orally vaccinated deer as late as 3 months after vaccination, while BCG persisted in SC vaccinated deer for as long as 9 months. At no time was BCG isolated from meat; however, prolonged persistence was seen in lymphoid organs. Although vaccine persistence was noted, especially in SC vaccinated deer, the distribution of culture-positive tissues makes human exposure through consumption unlikely. C1 [Palmer, M. V.; Thacker, T. C.; Waters, W. R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Robbe-Austerman, S.; Lebepe-Mazur, S. M.; Harris, N. B.] USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM mitchell.palmer@ars.usda.gov OI Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 FU Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA FX The authors thank Rebecca Jepsen, Theresa Anspach, Jason Crabtree, Jay Steffen and Doug Ewing for animal care and Bart Olthoff, Jessica Pollock, Rachel Huegel, Mike Howard and Shelly Zimmerman for technical assistance. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This project was funded in part by Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PD OCT PY 2010 VL 57 IS 7-8 BP E206 EP E212 DI 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2010.01329.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 682AR UT WOS:000284369000032 PM 20707863 ER PT J AU Ruzante, JM Lombard, JE Wagner, B Fossler, CP Karns, JS Van Kessel, JAS Gardner, IA AF Ruzante, J. M. Lombard, J. E. Wagner, B. Fossler, C. P. Karns, J. S. Van Kessel, J. A. S. Gardner, I. A. TI Factors Associated with Salmonella Presence in Environmental Samples and Bulk Tank Milk from US Dairies SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Environmental samples; dairy cattle; bulk tank milk; milk filters; Salmonella; National Animal Health Monitoring System ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; AVIUM SSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES; RAW-MILK; TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; RESISTANT SALMONELLA; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; FECAL PREVALENCE AB The objective of this study was to evaluate herd characteristics and management practices associated with presence of Salmonella in the farm environment and in bulk tank milk (BTM) in US dairy herds. Herd management data, environmental culture, BTM and in-line milk filter polymerase chain reaction results for Salmonella from 260 US dairy herds surveyed during the National Animal Health Monitoring System Dairy 2007 study were analysed. Herd characteristics and management practices were screened by univariate analysis, and selected variables were used to construct a logistic regression model to identify factors associated with the presence of Salmonella in environmental samples. To identify factors associated with the occurrence of Salmonella in BTM and milk filters, a priori selected variables that were related to milking procedures were analysed univariately and a logistic regression model was constructed. The presence of Salmonella in the farm environment was associated with location of the operation in the East (OR = 4.8; CI: 1.9-11.6), not using a broadcast manure spreader (OR = 3.2; CI: 1.4-7.5), use of bovine somatotropin (BST) (OR = 2.7; CI: 1.5-5.0) and use of anionic salts (OR = 2.2; CI: 1.2-3.9). In the final multivariable model, herds with fewer than 100 cows were at decreased odds (OR = 0.3; CI: 0.1-0.7) of being culture positive for Salmonella as were herds with between 100 and 499 cows (OR = 0.4; CI: 0.2-0.8) compared with herds having 500 or more cows. The presence of culture-positive environmental samples and herd size were significantly associated with Salmonella BTM contamination. The herd-level factors identified in this study were in agreement with prior studies but also identified other potential factors that can be targeted in Salmonella control programmes. C1 [Lombard, J. E.] USDA, APHIS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, VS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ruzante, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Inst Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Karns, J. S.; Van Kessel, J. A. S.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Gardner, I. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lombard, JE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, VS, CEAH 2150,Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jason.e.lombard@aphis.usda.gov NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PD OCT PY 2010 VL 57 IS 7-8 BP E217 EP E225 DI 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2010.01333.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 682AR UT WOS:000284369000034 PM 20529209 ER PT J AU Davies, KA Ye, WM Giblin-Davis, RM Taylor, GS Scheffer, S Thomas, WK AF Davies, Kerrie A. Ye, Weimin Giblin-Davis, Robin M. Taylor, Gary S. Scheffer, Sonja Thomas, W. Kelley TI The nematode genus Fergusobia (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae): molecular phylogeny, descriptions of clades and associated galls, host plants and Fergusonina fly larvae SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Flies; galls; Myrtaceae; phylogeny; taxonomy; clades; dorsal shields; morphology; key; diagnosis ID MELALEUCA MYRTACEAE; FLIES DIPTERA; TYLENCHIDA NEOTYLENCHIDAE; METROSIDEROS MYRTACEAE; DNA; QUINQUENERVIA; AUSTRALIA; EVOLUTION; LIMITS; TREES AB Collection data and biological information is presented on the genus Fergusobia (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) from Australasia, India and The Philippines, an emended diagnosis of the genus is presented, and its putative phylogeny is discussed based on molecular and morphological evidence. About 20 clades have been found, and are outlined, including information on nematode and fly morphology; plant host species and distribution. Fly morphology, particularly the structure of the dorsal shield of third stage larvae, is congruent with the clades of nematodes, suggesting coevolution. However, little evidence of coevolution between the fly/nematode association and their host plants is apparent: host-switching appears to have been common, although host-specificity is stringent among most clades. A key to the species and morphospecies of nematodes collected from Corymbia, Angophora, Metrosideros, Syzygium, narrow-leaved Melaleuca, and Eucalyptus is presented. C1 [Davies, Kerrie A.] Univ Adelaide, Australian Ctr Evolutionary Biol & Biodivers, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Davies, Kerrie A.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Agr Food & Wine, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Ye, Weimin] N Carolina Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. [Giblin-Davis, Robin M.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Taylor, Gary S.] Univ Adelaide, Australian Ctr Evolutionary Biol & Biodivers, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Taylor, Gary S.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Scheffer, Sonja] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Thomas, W. Kelley] Univ New Hampshire, Hubbard Ctr Genome Studies, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Davies, KA (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Australian Ctr Evolutionary Biol & Biodivers, Waite Campus,PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM kerrie.davies@adelaide.edu.au; weimin.ye@ncagr.gov; giblin@ufl.edu; gary.taylor@adelaide.edu.au; Sonja.Scheffer@ARS.USDA.GOV; kelley.thomas@unh.edu FU NSF [DEB 0228692]; USDA [CRSR-99-34135-8478, CRSR-03-34135-14078] FX This project was funded by the following: three Australian Biological Resources Survey Grants to KAD; NSF Tree of Life project (DEB 0228692) and USDA Special Grants in Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (CRSR-99-34135-8478 and CRSR-03-34135-14078). We thank Matthew Purcell and Jeff Makinson for help with collecting and use of laboratory facilities; Ian Riley and Mike Hodda for helpful discussions; Andy Austin for comments on the structure of the paper; Val Kempster for help with proof-reading; Marcelle Evenden, Flecker Botanic Gardens, Cairns for identification of S. luehmannii; and the Tolga Woodworks, Tolga for permission to collect on that property. NR 60 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 1 PY 2010 IS 2633 BP 1 EP 66 PG 66 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 657VU UT WOS:000282447600001 ER PT J AU Brose, PH AF Brose, Patrick H. TI Long-term effects of single prescribed fires on hardwood regeneration in oak shelterwood stands SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Quercus; Carya; Liriodendron tulipifera; Acer rubrum; Prescribed fire; Shelterwood ID NORTHERN RED-OAK; ADVANCE REGENERATION; FORESTS; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; REPRODUCTION; SURVIVAL; PLATEAU AB One of the arguments against using prescribed fire to regenerate oak (Quercus spp.) forests is that the improvement in species composition of the hardwood regeneration pool is temporary and multiple burns are necessary to achieve and maintain oak dominance. To explore this concern, I re-inventoried a prescribed fire study conducted in the mid-1990s to determine the longevity of the effects of a single prescribed fire on hardwood regeneration. The initial study was conducted in three oak shelterwood stands in central Virginia, USA. In 1994. each stand was divided into four treatments (spring, summer, and winter burns and a control) and the hardwood regeneration was inventoried before the fires. During the burns, fire intensity was measured and categorized in each regeneration sampling plot. Second-year postfire data showed marked differences in species mortality rates, depending on season-of-burn and fire intensity: oak and hickory (Carya spp.) regeneration dominated areas burned by medium- to high-intensity fire during the spring and summer while yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) and red maple (Acer rubrum) seedlings dominated unburned areas and all areas treated with low-intensity fire regardless of season-of-burn. The treatments were re-inventoried in 2006 and 2007 to determine whether these fire effects were still present. The new data show that the species distributions by season-of-burn and fire intensity found in 1996 still existed 11 years after the treatments. The fact that fire effects in oak shelterwood stands can last at least a decade has important management implications for resource professionals interested in sustaining oak forests in the eastern United States. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. RP Brose, PH (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 335 Natl Forge Rd, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. EM pbrose@fs.fed.us FU Northern Research Station Unit 02 FX This research was possible due to the assistance of many individuals both in the 1990s as well as more recently. Special thanks are owed to retired professor David Van Lear of Clemson University who served as my major advisor during the study's initial phase from 1994 to 1997. I am indebted to the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, especially former wildlife biologist Patrick Keyser, for providing the study sites, conducting the prescribed fires, and providing many other forms of technical assistance. I also thank the following people from the U.S. Forest Service-Northern Research Station for their assistance: Josh Hanson, Lance Meyen, and Greg Sanford for collecting the sapling data in 2006 and 2007, John Stanovick for statistical guidance, and Gary Miller and Daniel Yaussy for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript. Finally, Northern Research Station Unit 02 is thanked for funding the second round of data collection and manuscript preparation. NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 9 BP 1516 EP 1524 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.050 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 670WO UT WOS:000283458600011 ER PT J AU Battaglia, MA Rocca, ME Rhoades, CC Ryan, MG AF Battaglia, Mike A. Rocca, Monique E. Rhoades, Charles C. Ryan, Michael G. TI Surface fuel loadings within mulching treatments in Colorado coniferous forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Mastication; Chipping; Fuels management; Fuel load equations ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; FIRE BEHAVIOR; CROWN FIRE; PINE; PREDICTION; CALIFORNIA; STANDS AB Recent large-scale, severe wildfires in the western United States have prompted extensive mechanical fuel treatment programs to reduce potential wildfire size and severity. Fuel reduction prescriptions typically target non-merchantable material so approaches to mechanically treat and distribute residue on site are becoming increasingly common. We examined how mulch treatments alter the distribution of woody material by size class by comparing paired mulched and untreated sites in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), mixed conifer, ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), and pinyon pine/juniper (Pinus edulis/Juniperus sp.) forests 2-6 years after mechanical treatment. Mulching treatments reduced tree density and canopy bulk density, and increased canopy base height, potentially lowing active crown fire risk. In general, mulching increased total woody surface fuel loadings 2-3-fold, but the magnitude differed among forest types. Average total woody surface fuel loads in the untreated areas ranged between 7 and 12 Mg ha(-1), but increased to 27-63 Mg ha(-1) in treated areas. Large diameter fuels (>7.62 cm) represent about 35-69% of the total woody fuel load in the untreated areas, but only about 8-14% of the total fuel load in the treated areas. Woody fuels in treated areas were dominated by material <2.54 cm diameter (i.e. 1 and 10 h fuels). In general, mulch fuelbed depth was a useful predictor of fuel loading. Mulching created a compact fuelbed (i.e. bulk density 138-150 kg m(-3)) that differs from pretreatment needle-dominated fuelbed and will likely change fire behavior and effects. Quantification of the mulched fuelbed characteristics within these four forest types should aid in modification of current fuel models or creation of new fire behavior fuel models. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Battaglia, Mike A.; Rhoades, Charles C.; Ryan, Michael G.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Rocca, Monique E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Battaglia, MA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mbattaglia@fs.fed.us; rocca@warnercnr.colostate.edu; crhoades@fs.fed.us; mryan@fs.fed.us RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Rocca, Monique/N-4528-2013 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Rocca, Monique/0000-0002-5298-1643 FU Joint Fire Science Program [06-3-2-26] FX This research was funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (06-3-2-26). We thank Brett Wolk, Akasha Faist, Natalia Canova, and many others for their assistance with field data collection and sample processing. We send a special thanks to our cooperators at the U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, Boulder County Open Space, Colorado State Forest Service,. Colorado State Park Service, Colorado Springs Utility Company, YMCA of the Rockies, and Denver Water Board. Thanks to Laurie Porth, Rudy King, David Turner, and Scott Baggett for statistical analysis advice. NR 36 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 9 BP 1557 EP 1566 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.004 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 670WO UT WOS:000283458600015 ER PT J AU Wilk, RJ Raphael, MG Nations, CS Ricklefs, JD AF Wilk, Randall J. Raphael, Martin G. Nations, Christopher S. Ricklefs, Jeffrey D. TI Initial response of small ground-dwelling mammals to forest alternative buffers along headwater streams in the Washington Coast Range, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pacific Northwest; Small mammals; Riparian; Headwater; Buffer ID RIPARIAN BUFFER; WESTERN WASHINGTON; RETENTION HARVESTS; DENSITY; YOUNG; MICROCLIMATE; BIODIVERSITY; METAANALYSIS; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT AB We assessed the short-term effects of alternative designs of forested buffer treatments along headwater streams on small ground-dwelling mammals in managed forests in western Washington, USA. Over three summers (one pretreatment and two posttreatment), we trapped 19 mammalian species along 23 streams in the northern Coast Range. We compared faunal communities in unlogged controls with riparian treatments: (1) clearcuts (no buffer) to the stream bank, (2) clearcuts with continuous buffer strips from a few to 20m each stream side, and (3) clearcuts with small patch (<0.6 ha) buffers left to protect sensitive streamside terrain. We estimated abundance (<(N)over cap>) of eight common and three less common species with simple models and capture indices, respectively, and analyzed effects of treatments and community measures on relative abundance compared to controls and overtime. Habitat and forest stand changes after treatments included reduced live standing trees and canopy, more dead down wood, and increased ground plant species richness, evenness, and diversity, particularly in the patch and no buffers. The forest obligate Peromyscus keeni significantly declined in all treatments. No other species declined in strip buffers. Species with statistically greater (N) over cap in treatments included the early-seral microtine Microtus oregoni, the semi-arboreal generalist Tamias townsendii and the old forest specialist Myodes gapperi in all treatments; the generalist Peromyscus maniculatus in strip and no buffers; and the early-seral riparian Zapus trinotatus in patch buffers. Postlogging trends in (N) over cap were negative for two common shrews, Sorex monticolus and Sorex trowbridgii. Moist soil denizen Neurotrichus gibbsii capture rates were significantly lower in clearcut no buffers. Captures were low for two species of semi-aquatic shrews, Sorex bendirii and Sorex palustris, but in general. S. palustris responded poorly to treatments. Windfall was an important proximate influence on buffer function because persistence was low and created structural diversity in dynamic change. The alternative buffers were ineffective in retaining the habitat and relative abundance of individual small mammal species. Species composition similarity also significantly declined in the clearcuts. Change in species richness, evenness, diversity and total mammals captured in treatments however were not different. Control streams maintained faunal biodiversity but abundance of about half of the species changed following treatment. Steep topography, weather events, and small buffer size advanced habitat changes that influenced small mammal response to treatments. Site-specific data are necessary in logging unit planning along headwater streams, if the management goal is the maintenance of communities observed in undisturbed forest. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wilk, Randall J.; Raphael, Martin G.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Nations, Christopher S.] Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. [Ricklefs, Jeffrey D.] Washington State Dept Nat Resources, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. RP Wilk, RJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM rwilk@fs.fed.us; mraphael@fs.fed.us; cnations@west-inc.com; jeffrey.ricklefs@dnr.wa.gov FU DNR FX R. Bigley (DNR) coordinated the implementation of the study and partially funded the 2002 pilot study. A.S. Anderson and J.A. Reed for two field seasons. Others include G. Becker, B. Belanger, S. Crow, M.H. Dennis, M.C. Doyle, K. Gridley, C. Heimburg, J. Heimburg, S. Hull, A. Hyduke, B.T. Kavanagh, S.M. Leach, A. Pauley-Cawley, K.R. Randall, N.C. Rice, W. Scarlett and L.K. Storm. Also H. Shelan-Cole, A.D. Foster, K.I. Wilk, C.L. Sato, Anderson, and S.M. Wilson conducted lab mammal identification. J Baldwin assisted with some statistics. L.G. Sullivan did initial technical editing and P.A. Bisson wrote part of the introduction. We thank two anonymous reviewers. Reverence to the beings given to the study; and for the remembrance of Cyggy, Leela, Toby, Swanny, F.H. Jackson and BA Howard (RJW). NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 9 BP 1567 EP 1578 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.005 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 670WO UT WOS:000283458600016 ER PT J AU Zielinski, WJ Dunk, JR Yaeger, JS LaPlante, DW AF Zielinski, William J. Dunk, Jeffrey R. Yaeger, J. Scott LaPlante, David W. TI Developing and testing a landscape-scale habitat suitability model for fisher (Martes pennanti) in forests of interior northern California SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fisher; Martes pennanti; California; Klamath; Habitat suitability; Landscape ecology; Habitat modeling ID GREAT-LAKES REGION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; USA; PREDICTION; RANGE; METAPOPULATION; CARNIVORES; REGRESSION; SELECTION AB The fisher is warranted for protection under the Endangered Species Act in the western United States and, as such, it is especially important that conservation and management actions are based on sound scientific information. We developed a landscape-scale suitability model for interior northern California to predict the probability of detecting fishers and to identify areas of important fisher habitat. Previous models have been extrapolated to this region, but our model was developed from the results of strategically planned detection surveys within the study area. We used generalized additive modeling to create a model that best distinguished detection (n = 55) from non-detection (n = 90) locations on the basis of environmental covariates. Four models were averaged to create a final model including the following variables: Amount of Dense Forest, Percent Hardwood, Medium & Large Trees, Structurally Complex Forest, Adjusted Elevation, Insolation Index and Predicted Abundance of Mammalian Prey. This model was well calibrated and correctly classified fisher detections 83.6% of the time and absences (non-detections) 70.0%. Independent test data were classified less well; 76.2% and 53.0%, respectively, perhaps a result of differences in the spatial and temporal characteristics of the data used to build versus test the model. The model is the first comprehensive portrayal of the distribution and configuration of habitat suitability in this region and provides managers a tool to monitor habitat change over time and to plan vegetation treatments. It also represents an example for the development of similar models for dispersal-limited mammals with large area needs, as well as other species associated with late-successional forests in northern California. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zielinski, William J.; Dunk, Jeffrey R.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Dunk, Jeffrey R.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Yaeger, J. Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yreka Fish & Wildlife Off, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. [LaPlante, David W.] Nat Resource Geospatial, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. RP Zielinski, WJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM bzielinski@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region; USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station; USDA Forest Service Klamath National Forest; Humboldt State University FX We thank the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, particularly L Finley, for funding. The USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region also provided support for field survey work. Financial and in-kind support was provided by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region, USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service Klamath National Forest, and Humboldt State University. K. Aubry, C. Carroll, S. Farber, R. Klug, D. Tomascheski, and B. Woodbridge provided useful comments on early drafts and J. Werren and B. Howard provided assistance with GIS and database management, respectively. R. Schlexer was instrumental in assisting with data management and coordinating the Pacific Southwest Research station field work and C. Carroll provided important foundational work. K. Slauson, T. Kirk, and D. Madrone supervised some of the field data collection efforts. We also thank Sierra Pacific Industries, Roseburg Forest Products, Timber Products Company, and Fruit Growers Supply Company for their cooperation. Additional logistical support and equipment were provided by USDA Shasta Trinity National Forest, Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation, Green Diamond Resource Company. Test data were provided by L. Lindstand III, S. Farber, M. Higley, B. Furnass, G. Diridorni, S. Dark, and K. Slauson. K. West, USDA Forest Service, Klamath National Forest, was instrumental in helping conceive and secure funding for a portion of the work. Funding for JRD was provided by the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Yreka, California. NR 72 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 11 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 9 BP 1579 EP 1591 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.006 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 670WO UT WOS:000283458600017 ER PT J AU Van Deusen, PC Heath, LS AF Van Deusen, Paul C. Heath, Linda S. TI Weighted analysis methods for mapped plot forest inventory data: Tables, regressions, maps and graphs SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE FIA data; Carbon OnLine Estimator; Forest carbon; COLE AB Weighted estimation methods for analysis of mapped plot forest inventory data are discussed. The appropriate weighting scheme can vary depending on the type of analysis and graphical display. Both statistical issues and user expectations need to be considered in these methods. A weighting scheme is proposed that balances statistical considerations and the logical expectations of users. The methods described here are being used in an online forest carbon estimation tool. Example applications are presented to demonstrate the methods. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Van Deusen, Paul C.] NCASI, Tewksbury, MA 01876 USA. [Heath, Linda S.] USDA Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Van Deusen, PC (reprint author), NCASI, 15 Dunvegan Rd, Tewksbury, MA 01876 USA. EM PVanDeusen@ncasi.org; LHeath@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 9 BP 1607 EP 1612 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.010 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 670WO UT WOS:000283458600020 ER PT J AU Liu, SQ Bischoff, KM Qureshi, N Hughes, SR Rich, JO AF Liu, Siqing Bischoff, Kenneth M. Qureshi, Nasib Hughes, Steven R. Rich, Joseph O. TI Functional expression of the thiolase gene thl from Clostridium beijerinckii P260 in Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus buchneri SO NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BUTANOL PRODUCTION; ACETOBUTYLICUM; OVEREXPRESSION AB The first step of the butanol pathway involves an acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ACoAAT), which controls the key branching point from acetyl-CoA to butanol. ACoAAT, also known as thiolase (EC 2.3.1.9), is encoded by the thl gene and catalyzes ligation of two acetyl-CoA into acetoacetyl-CoA. Bioinformatics analyses suggest there are no thl in the genomes of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), in this study we aimed to introduce the thl gene into selected LAB strains and analyze the fermentation products. The thl gene from Clostridium beijerinckii P260 was amplified by genomic PCR using gene-specific primers designed from the published genome sequences of C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8025. The 1.2 kb thl gene was cloned into the pETBlue vector and overexpressed in Escherichia coli Tuner (DE3) pLacI cells. Functional enzyme activity was detected spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in absorbance at 303 nm, which reflects the change in acetoacetyl-CoA concentrations. The thl gene was subsequently introduced into Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus buchneri strains, and GC analysis indicated about 28 mg/L and 66 mg/L of butanol was produced in the recombinant strains, respectively. This study reports the first step toward developing a butanolgenic LAB through the introduction of the butanol pathway into butanol-tolerant strains of LAB. C1 [Liu, Siqing; Bischoff, Kenneth M.; Hughes, Steven R.; Rich, Joseph O.] USDA ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Qureshi, Nasib] USDA ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Liu, SQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Siqing.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-6784 J9 NEW BIOTECHNOL JI New Biotech. PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 283 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.03.007 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 642BE UT WOS:000281177000002 PM 20371307 ER PT J AU Bartley, GE Breksa, AP Ishida, BK AF Bartley, Glenn E. Breksa, Andrew P., III Ishida, Betty K. TI PCR amplification and cloning of tyrosine decarboxylase involved in synephrine biosynthesis in Citrus SO NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; ADRENERGIC AMINES; N-METHYLTYRAMINE; AURANTIUM; ALKALOIDS; FRUITS AB Background The phenolic amine synephrine is a vascoconstrictor and bronchiectatic agent and holds promise as an aid to weight management and obesity reduction. Synephrine is structurally similar to the active ingredients of several commercial cold remedies. Some Citrus contain high concentrations of synephrine. An enzyme involved in synephrine biosynthesis, tyrosine decarboxylase (TYDC), is a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that decarboxylates tyrosine to yield CO(2) and tyramine. We used PCR to screen, clone and sequence this gene from various synephrine producing and nonproducing Citrus species and varieties to determine if DNA sequence of this gene correlated with synephrine presence. Results PCR amplification and comparison of DNA sequence indicates DNA sequence differences that may cause production of truncated proteins to be produced in some nonsynephrine producing Citrus. Conclusion Synephrine production may be genetically determined in part by the gene for TYDC. C1 [Bartley, Glenn E.; Breksa, Andrew P., III; Ishida, Betty K.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Breksa, AP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM andrew.breksa@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-6784 J9 NEW BIOTECHNOL JI New Biotech. PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 308 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.04.003 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 642BE UT WOS:000281177000005 PM 20403465 ER PT J AU Paul, S Hou, CT Kang, SC AF Paul, Souren Hou, Ching Tsang Kang, Sun Chul TI alpha-Glucosidase inhibitory activities of 10-hydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid: an intermediate of bioconversion of oleic acid to 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid SO NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA PR3; FATTY-ACIDS; COMPOUND; CONVERSION; AMYLASE AB Microbial conversion of unsaturated fatty acids often leads to special changes in their product structures and in biological potential. In our continuous effort to screen natural products for their antimicrobial and enzyme inhibitor activities, we found that 10-hydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (HOD) exhibited strong anti-alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) activity. HOD is an intermediate in the bioconversion of oleic acid to 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD) by a bacterial isolate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PR3). Diabetes mellitus is the most serious, chronic metabolic disorder characterized by defect in insulin secretion and action, which can lead to damage blood vessels and nerves. We analyzed the inhibitory activity of HOD and the commercially available antidiabetic remedy, acarbose. We found that HOD exhibited a better inhibition (IC(50) 0.07 +/- 0.12) on a-glucosidase as compared to acarbose (IC(50) 0.42 +/- 0.1). HOD showed competitive inhibition against yeast alpha-glucosidase. Our study is the first report on anti-alpha-glucosidase activity of HOD and could be helpful to develop medicinal preparation or functional food for diabetes and related symptoms. C1 [Paul, Souren; Kang, Sun Chul] Daegu Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Kyongsan 712714, Kyoungbook, South Korea. [Hou, Ching Tsang] USDA ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Kang, SC (reprint author), Daegu Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Kyongsan 712714, Kyoungbook, South Korea. EM sckang@daegu.ac.kr NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-6784 J9 NEW BIOTECHNOL JI New Biotech. PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 419 EP 423 DI 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.04.002 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 642BE UT WOS:000281177000021 PM 20385262 ER PT J AU Jarosinski, KW Hunt, HD Osterrieder, N AF Jarosinski, Keith W. Hunt, Henry D. Osterrieder, Nikolaus TI Down-regulation of MHC class I by the Marek's disease virus (MDV) UL49.5 gene product mildly affects virulence in a haplotype-specific fashion SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chicken; Marek's disease virus; Pathogenesis; Genetic resistance; Major histocompatibility complex; down-regulation ID SURFACE EXPRESSION; SEROTYPE-1 MDV-1; PROTEIN-KINASE; CELLS; DELETION; GROWTH; TAP AB Marek's disease is a devastating neoplastic disease of chickens caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV). MDV down-regulates surface expression of MHC class I molecules, although the mechanism has remained elusive. MDV harbors a UL49.5 homolog that has been shown to down-regulate MHC class I expression in other Varicelloviruses. Using in vitro assays, we showed that MDV pUL49.5 down-regulates MHC class I directly and identified its cytoplasmic tail as essential for this function. In vivo, viruses lacking the cytoplasmic tail of pUL49.5 showed no differences in MD pathogenesis compared to revertant viruses in highly susceptible chickens of the B(19)B(19) MHC class I haplotype, while there was a mild reduction in pathogenic potential of the deletion viruses in chickens more resistant to MD pathogenesis (MHC:B(21)B(21)). We concluded that the pathogenic effect of MHC class I down-regulation mediated by pUL49.5 is small because virus immune evasion possibly requires more than one viral protein. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jarosinski, Keith W.; Osterrieder, Nikolaus] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hunt, Henry D.] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Osterrieder, Nikolaus] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Virol, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. RP Jarosinski, KW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM kwj4@cornell.edu FU Public Health Servic [AI063048]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Os 143/3-1] FX This work was supported by the Public Health Service Grant AI063048 to HH and NO and a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Os 143/3-1) to NO. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 405 IS 2 BP 457 EP 463 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2010.06.041 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 641MJ UT WOS:000281130500021 PM 20637486 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ Sierra, JM Unruh, TR Zack, RS AF Landolt, Peter J. Sierra, Jose Monzon Unruh, Thomas R. Zack, Richard S. TI A new species of Vespula, and first record of Vespa crabro L. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) from Guatemala, Central America SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Vespula; yellowjacket; Vespidae; Neotropical Region; wasp; new species; Guatemala ID SQUAMOSA DRURY HYMENOPTERA; NORTH-AMERICA; YELLOWJACKET; VESPINAE; GENETICS AB Vespula akrei Landolt sp. nov. is described from Guatemala. The first record of Vespa crabro L. in Guatemala is given, and Vespula inexspectata Eck from Mexico is re-described. We place Vespula akrei sp. nov. in the Vespula vulgaris ( L.) species group (= Paravespula Bluthgen) based on morphology, color pattern, and DNA sequences from two mitochrondrial genes. It is presently known only from the Sierra de las Minas mountain range in southeastern Guatemala. C1 [Landolt, Peter J.; Unruh, Thomas R.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Sierra, Jose Monzon] Univ Valle Guatemala, Lab Entomol Syst, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Zack, Richard S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM peter.landolt@ars.usda.gov; dynastes@intelnett.com; thomas.unruh@ars.usda.gov; zack@wsu.edu FU Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City; University of Kansas; Royal Alberta Museum, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada FX We thank Consejo Nacional de Areas Protegidas (CONAP) for collecting and export permits, Defensores de la Naturaleza for research permits for the Reserva de las Biosfera Sierra de las Minas, and Jack Schuster and Enio B. Cano for assistance and for the loan of specimens from the insect collection at the Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City. We thank E. Richard Hoebeck of Cornell University and Jennifer Thomas of The University of Kansas respectively, for the loan of the holotype and paratype of V. inexspectata, respectively and Matthias Buck of the Royal Alberta Museum, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada for the loan of a V. akrei specimen in this paper. William Sutton provided assistance in collecting at the Cerro Pinalon site. James Carpenter of the American Museum of Natural History, confirmed the identity of the V. crabro specimen from Guatemala. Kelley Tomsen-Archer helped develop the DNA sequence data and Deborah Broers provided the wasp illustrations. Helpful suggestions to improve the manuscript were made by T. Griswold, J. Carpenter, M. Sharkey, and L. Corley. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 29 PY 2010 IS 2629 BP 61 EP 68 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 657VO UT WOS:000282446700004 ER PT J AU Chen, MS Liu, XM Yang, ZH Zhao, HX Shukle, RH Stuart, JJ Hulbert, S AF Chen, Ming-Shun Liu, Xuming Yang, Ziheng Zhao, Huixian Shukle, Richard H. Stuart, Jeffrey J. Hulbert, Scot TI Unusual conservation among genes encoding small secreted salivary gland proteins from a gall midge SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR LARVAE; HESSIAN FLY DIPTERA; MEIOTIC RECOMBINATION; EFFECTOR PROTEINS; ARMS-RACE; PLANT; EVOLUTION; SELECTION; WHEAT; CECIDOMYIIDAE AB Background: In most protein-coding genes, greater sequence variation is observed in noncoding regions (introns and untranslated regions) than in coding regions due to selective constraints. During characterization of genes and transcripts encoding small secreted salivary gland proteins (SSSGPs) from the Hessian fly, we found exactly the opposite pattern of conservation in several families of genes: the non-coding regions were highly conserved, but the coding regions were highly variable. Results: Seven genes from the SSSGP-1 family are clustered as one inverted and six tandem repeats within a 15 kb region of the genome. Except for SSSGP-1A2, a gene that encodes a protein identical to that encoded by SSSGP-1A1, the other six genes consist of a highly diversified, mature protein-coding region as well as highly conserved regions including the promoter, 5'- and 3'-UTRs, a signal peptide coding region, and an intron. This unusual pattern of highly diversified coding regions coupled with highly conserved regions in the rest of the gene was also observed in several other groups of SSSGP-encoding genes or cDNAs. The unusual conservation pattern was also found in some of the SSSGP cDNAs from the Asian rice gall midge, but not from the orange wheat blossom midge. Strong positive selection was one of the forces driving for diversification whereas concerted homogenization was likely a mechanism for sequence conservation. Conclusion: Rapid diversification in mature SSSGPs suggests that the genes are under selection pressure for functional adaptation. The conservation in the noncoding regions of these genes including introns also suggested potential mechanisms for sequence homogenization that are not yet fully understood. This report should be useful for future studies on genetic mechanisms involved in evolution and functional adaptation of parasite genes. C1 [Chen, Ming-Shun] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chen, Ming-Shun; Liu, Xuming] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Yang, Ziheng] UCL, Dept Biol, London NW1 2HE, England. [Zhao, Huixian] NW A&F Univ, Coll Life Sci, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Shukle, Richard H.; Stuart, Jeffrey J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Shukle, Richard H.; Stuart, Jeffrey J.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hulbert, Scot] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, MS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM ming-shun.chen@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; USDA-NRI [2004-03099] FX Mention of commercial or proprietary product does not constitute endorsement by the USDA. The authors thank Drs Frank White and Richard Beeman for reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript. Hessian fly voucher specimens (No. 150) are located in the KSU Museum of Entomological and Prairie Arthropod Research, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas. This research was supported by USDA-ARS and a grant from USDA-NRI (2004-03099). NR 56 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD SEP 28 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 296 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-10-296 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 666LB UT WOS:000283115600001 PM 20920202 ER PT J AU Kimbrel, JA Givan, SA Halgren, AB Creason, AL Mills, DI Banowetz, GM Armstrong, DJ Chang, JH AF Kimbrel, Jeffrey A. Givan, Scott A. Halgren, Anne B. Creason, Allison L. Mills, Dallice I. Banowetz, Gary M. Armstrong, Donald J. Chang, Jeff H. TI An improved, high-quality draft genome sequence of the Germination-Arrest Factor-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens WH6 SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID PV. TOMATO DC3000; III SECRETION SYSTEM; ALTERNATIVE SIGMA-FACTOR; VI-SECRETION; PROTEIN SECRETION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EFFECTOR PROTEINS; HRP GENES; PHYTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE AB Background: Pseudomonas fluorescens is a genetically and physiologically diverse species of bacteria present in many habitats and in association with plants. This species of bacteria produces a large array of secondary metabolites with potential as natural products. P. fluorescens isolate WH6 produces Germination-Arrest Factor (GAF), a predicted small peptide or amino acid analog with herbicidal activity that specifically inhibits germination of seeds of graminaceous species. Results: We used a hybrid next-generation sequencing approach to develop a high-quality draft genome sequence for P. fluorescens WH6. We employed automated, manual, and experimental methods to further improve the draft genome sequence. From this assembly of 6.27 megabases, we predicted 5876 genes, of which 3115 were core to P. fluorescens and 1567 were unique to WH6. Comparative genomic studies of WH6 revealed high similarity in synteny and orthology of genes with P. fluorescens SBW25. A phylogenomic study also placed WH6 in the same lineage as SBW25. In a previous non-saturating mutagenesis screen we identified two genes necessary for GAF activity in WH6. Mapping of their flanking sequences revealed genes that encode a candidate anti-sigma factor and an aminotransferase. Finally, we discovered several candidate virulence and host-association mechanisms, one of which appears to be a complete type III secretion system. Conclusions: The improved high-quality draft genome sequence of WH6 contributes towards resolving the P. fluorescens species, providing additional impetus for establishing two separate lineages in P. fluorescens. Despite the high levels of orthology and synteny to SBW25, WH6 still had a substantial number of unique genes and represents another source for the discovery of genes with implications in affecting plant growth and health. Two genes are demonstrably necessary for GAF and further characterization of their proteins is important for developing natural products as control measure against grassy weeds. Finally, WH6 is the first isolate of P. fluorescens reported to encode a complete T3SS. This gives us the opportunity to explore the role of what has traditionally been thought of as a virulence mechanism for non-pathogenic interactions with plants. C1 [Kimbrel, Jeffrey A.; Givan, Scott A.; Creason, Allison L.; Mills, Dallice I.; Armstrong, Donald J.; Chang, Jeff H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kimbrel, Jeffrey A.; Givan, Scott A.; Chang, Jeff H.] Oregon State Univ, Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Givan, Scott A.; Chang, Jeff H.] Oregon State Univ, Ctr Genome Res & Biocomp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Halgren, Anne B.; Banowetz, Gary M.] USDA ARS NFSPRC Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Givan, Scott A.] Univ Missouri, Informat Res Core Facil, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Chang, JH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM changj@cgrb.oregonstate.edu OI Givan, Scott/0000-0002-0630-8589 FU General Research Funds; USDA's National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2008-35600-18783]; USDA CSREES; OSU Agricultural Research Foundation FX We thank Mark Dasenko and Chris Sullivan of the Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing (CGRB) for Illumina sequencing and computational support, as well as Don Chen and Philip Hillebrand for their assistance. We thank Dr. Joey Spatafora for providing us HAL before publication, Dr. Joyce Loper and Jason Cumbie for their valuable advice. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments in improving this manuscript. This research was supported in part by General Research Funds to JHC and the National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2008-35600-18783 from the USDA's National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Microbial Functional Genomics Program to JHC, and by grants from the USDA CSREES Grass Seed Cropping Systems for Sustainable Agriculture Special Grant Program and from the OSU Agricultural Research Foundation to DJA and DIM. NR 98 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD SEP 28 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 522 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-11-522 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 666NJ UT WOS:000283121800001 PM 20920191 ER PT J AU Taus, NS Schneider, DA Oaks, JL Yan, HJ Gailbreath, KL Knowles, DP Li, H AF Taus, Naomi S. Schneider, David A. Oaks, J. Lindsay Yan, Huijun Gailbreath, Katherine L. Knowles, Donald P. Li, Hong TI Sheep (Ovis aries) airway epithelial cells support ovine herpesvirus 2 lytic replication in vivo SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ovine herpesvirus 2; Lytic infection; Sheep; Major capsid protein ID MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER; BISON BISON-BISON; NASAL SECRETIONS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; DENDRITIC CELLS; VIRUS; PROTEINS; FEEDLOT; OUTBREAK; RABBITS AB Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) is the causative agent of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF), a frequently fatal disease of some members of the order Artiodactyla. OvHV-2 is carried as a lifelong subclinical infection in sheep (Ovis aries). To date OvHV-2 has not been propagated in vitro and this has hampered studies of viral pathogenesis and efforts to develop a vaccine to protect animals from SA-MCF. Lytic OvHV-2 replication occurs in the lungs of experimentally infected sheep at early times post-inoculation (PI) and in the nasal cavities of naturally infected sheep during virus shedding episodes. Identification of specific cell types supporting lytic virus replication in vivo provides information that can be used in the development of an in vitro propagation system for the virus. Using fluorescence immunohistochemical techniques, we identified lytically infected alveolar epithelial cells in the lungs of sheep early during infection. Lytically infected epithelial cells were also detected in samples of nasal secretions collected from naturally infected sheep during episodes of virus shedding. This is the first reported identification in the natural reservoir species of specific cell types that support OvHV-2 lytic replication in vivo. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Taus, Naomi S.; Schneider, David A.; Gailbreath, Katherine L.; Knowles, Donald P.; Li, Hong] Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Oaks, J. Lindsay; Yan, Huijun; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Taus, NS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM tausns@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Schneider, David/A-2833-2010 OI Schneider, David/0000-0001-9659-6731 FU USDA/ARS [CWU 5348-32000-024-00D] FX This work was supported by USDA/ARS CWU 5348-32000-024-00D. We thank Thomas Truscott and Caylee Birge for excellent technical support and Drs. Massaro Ueti, Cristina Cunha, and Danielle Nelson for helpful discussions. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD SEP 28 PY 2010 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.03.013 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 657GK UT WOS:000282401000007 PM 20381274 ER PT J AU Wan, XF Branton, SL Collier, SD Evans, JD Leigh, SA Pharr, GT AF Wan, Xiu-Feng Branton, Scott L. Collier, Stephanie D. Evans, Jeff D. Leigh, Spencer A. Pharr, G. Todd TI Proteomics inference of genes involved in host adaptation of Mycoplasma gallinarum SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mycoplasma; Host adaptation; Mycoplamsa gallinarum; Proteomics; LC-MS/MS; Aminopeptidase ID EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; DIFFERENT VIRULENCE; AVIAN MYCOPLASMAS; MIXED INFECTION; M-GALLISEPTICUM; TURKEY POULTS; HYOPNEUMONIAE; ADHESIN; P97; IDENTIFICATION AB Different from most other host-specific mycoplasmas, Mycoplasma gallinarum has been isolated from various hosts, such as poultry, pig, cattle, and sheep. The wide distribution among different hosts, the low pathogenesis, and the weak host immunological responses suggest this mycoplasma has a unique host adaptation mechanism. In this study, we applied two-dimensional liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (2D LC-MS/MS) to characterize the protein profiling of M. gallinarum. Our results suggest that M. gallinarum possesses homologs of cytadhesin proteins found in other mycoplasmas lacking an organized tip organelle. Our results showed that there are possibly multiple aminopeptidase gene homologs present in M. gallinarum, which might be involved in nutrient acquisition of M. gallinarum. The information present here would be useful for future studies to identify genes responsible for the colonization and host adaptation properties of M. gallinarum. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wan, Xiu-Feng; Pharr, G. Todd] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Basic Sci, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Branton, Scott L.; Collier, Stephanie D.; Evans, Jeff D.; Leigh, Spencer A.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Wan, XF (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Basic Sci, Coll Vet Med, 240 Wise Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM wan@cvm.msstate.edu; pharr@cvm.msstate.edu FU USDA, REE, ARS [58-6406-4-063] FX This project was supported in part by a USDA, REE, ARS Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6406-4-063 awarded to SDC and GTP. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Mitch Balish for helpful discussion and critical comments from Drs Larry Hanson, David Peebles, and Shuping Zhang. Approved for publication as journal Article No J-11782 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD SEP 28 PY 2010 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.03.007 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 657GK UT WOS:000282401000026 PM 20378283 ER PT J AU Levin, EJT McMeeking, GR Carrico, CM Mack, LE Kreidenweis, SM Wold, CE Moosmuller, H Arnott, WP Hao, WM Collett, JL Malm, WC AF Levin, E. J. T. McMeeking, G. R. Carrico, C. M. Mack, L. E. Kreidenweis, S. M. Wold, C. E. Moosmueller, H. Arnott, W. P. Hao, W. M. Collett, J. L., Jr. Malm, W. C. TI Biomass burning smoke aerosol properties measured during Fire Laboratory at Missoula Experiments (FLAME) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; DENSITY CHARACTERIZATION; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; PARTICLE MORPHOLOGY; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; COMBINED MOBILITY; EMISSION FACTORS AB [1] During the Fire Laboratory at Missoula Experiments (FLAME), we studied the physical, chemical, and optical properties of biomass burning smoke from the laboratory combustion of various wildland fuels. A good understanding of these properties is important in determining the radiative effects of biomass burning aerosols, with impacts on both local and regional visibility and global climate. We measured aerosol size distributions with two instruments: a differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS) and an optical particle counter (OPC). Volume size distributions from different burns varied from monomodal to multimodal, with geometric mean diameters ranging from 0.20-0.57 mu m and geometric standard deviations ranging from 1.68-2.97. By reconciling the differences between the two sizing instruments, we estimated aerosol effective refractive indices with values ranging from 1.41 to 1.61. We reconstructed aerosol chemical composition for each burn using data from filters collected and analyzed with the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) samplers and protocols. Aerosols were generally comprised of carbon with organic species accounting for the largest mass fraction in most cases. We used composition data to calculate aerosol density, which ranged from 1.22-1.92 g cm(-3), and real and imaginary refractive indices, which had ranges of 1.55-1.80 and 0.01-0.50 respectively. Aerosol physical, chemical, and optical characterizations were combined to calculate dry mass scattering (MSE) and absorption (MAE) efficiencies at 532 nm. These parameters had values between 1.6-5.7 m(2) g(-1) and 0.04-0.94 m(2) g(-1). C1 [Levin, E. J. T.; McMeeking, G. R.; Carrico, C. M.; Mack, L. E.; Kreidenweis, S. M.; Collett, J. L., Jr.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wold, C. E.; Hao, W. M.] US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Moosmueller, H.; Arnott, W. P.] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Malm, W. C.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, US Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Levin, EJT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM eleven@atmos.colostate.edu RI McMeeking, Gavin/A-7679-2008; Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010; Levin, Ezra/F-5809-2010; Moosmuller, Hans/F-8250-2011; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011; OI McMeeking, Gavin/0000-0001-9782-3713; Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914; Moosmuller, Hans/0000-0002-1021-8877 FU National Park Service; Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) [05-3-1-06]; Department of Energy FX A number of people were instrumental in the success of the FLAME studies. We would like to especially acknowledge the staff at the Fire Sciences Laboratory for their assistance. We thank Charles McDade and Lowell Ashbaugh at the Crocker Nuclear Laboratory, University of California, Davis, for providing the IMPROVE samplers and chemical analysis. Funding for this project was provided by the National Park Service and by the Joint Fire Science Program under Project JFSP 05-3-1-06. GRM acknowledges the support of a Department of Energy Global Change Education Program Graduate Research Environmental Fellowship. NR 62 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 50 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 25 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D18210 DI 10.1029/2009JD013601 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 656IF UT WOS:000282322100006 ER PT J AU Cho, KH Pachepsky, YA Kim, JH Guber, AK Shelton, DR Rowland, R AF Cho, Kyung Hwa Pachepsky, Y. A. Kim, Joon Ha Guber, A. K. Shelton, D. R. Rowland, R. TI Release of Escherichia coli from the bottom sediment in a first-order creek: Experiment and reach-specific modeling SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli; Sediment; Resuspension; Numerical modeling; High-flow event ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; WATER-QUALITY; RIVER ESTUARY; TRANSPORT; STREAM; FATE; PATHOGENS; IMPACT; MANURE AB Escherichia coli release from streambed sediments may substantially affect microbial water quality. Models of E. coli release and transport commonly use a single set of parameters for the whole stream or reservoir, yet little is known about the magnitude and sources of the variability of parameters of the streambed bacteria release. The objectives of this work were: (a) to obtain and compare parameters of streambed E. coli resuspension in three stream reaches with distinctly different bottom sediment textures, and (b) to see whether the modeling of streambed E. coli resuspension with reach-specific parameters could provide substantially better accuracy than modeling with a single set of parameters. Sediment particle size distributions and the streambed E. coli concentrations were measured along a first-order creek in the USDA-ARS OPE3 experimental watershed in Maryland. Afterwards, 80 m(3) of water were released into the creek at a rate of 60 L per second in four equal allotments separated by 1-3 min intervals. Flow rates and E. coli concentrations were monitored with automated samplers at the ends of the three reaches with a total length of 630 m. A high concentration of streambed E. coli ("hotspot") resuspended within the first reach caused a pulse of high E. coli concentrations that propagated along the creek without substantial attenuation; inputs of sediment-borne E. coli from the next two reaches were relatively small. The E. coli transport model included one-dimensional Saint-Venant and advective-dispersive equations. The calibrated roughness coefficient values were comparable for the three reaches, whereas the critical stress and the entrainment rate differed among reaches by a half order and an order of magnitude, respectively. Overall, better accuracy was observed when the model contained reachspecific parameters. Additional research is needed to understand which and how sediment properties affect parameters of streambed E. coli release into the water column. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cho, Kyung Hwa; Pachepsky, Y. A.; Guber, A. K.; Shelton, D. R.; Rowland, R.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cho, Kyung Hwa; Kim, Joon Ha] Gwanju Inst Sci & Technol GIST, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. [Kim, Joon Ha] Gwanju Inst Sci & Technol GIST, Sustainable Water Resource Technol Ctr, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, BARC E, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 173, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yakov.pachepsky@ars.usda.gov RI Guan, Xiaokang/A-6675-2012; OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 73 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 391 IS 3-4 BP 322 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.07.033 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 657EI UT WOS:000282395600010 ER PT J AU Alves, AP Lorenzen, MD Beeman, RW Foster, JE Siegfried, BD AF Alves, Analiza P. Lorenzen, Marce D. Beeman, Richard W. Foster, John E. Siegfried, Blair D. TI RNA interference as a method for target-site screening in the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biopesticide; chitin synthase 2; laccase 2; systematic RNAi ID DRUG TARGETS; GENE; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; RESISTANCE; NEBRASKA; CUTICLE; DSRNA AB To test the efficacy of RNA interference (RNAi) as a method for target-site screening in Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larvae, genes were identified and tested for which clear RNAi phenotypes had been identified in the Coleopteran model, Tribolium castaneum. Here the cloning of the D. v. vergifera orthologs of laccase 2 (DvvLac2) and chitin synthase 2 (DvvCHS2) is reported. Injection of DvvLac2-specific double-stranded RNA resulted in prevention of post-molt cuticular tanning, while injection of DvvCHS2-specific dsRNA reduced chitin levels in midguts. Silencing of both DvvLac2 and DvvCHS2 was confirmed by RT-PCR and quantitative RT-PCR. As in T. castaneum, RNAi-mediated gene silencing is systemic in Diabrotica. The results indicate that RNAi-induced silencing of D. v. vergifera genes provides a powerful tool for identifying potential insecticide targets. C1 [Alves, Analiza P.; Foster, John E.; Siegfried, Blair D.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS CGAHR, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Alves, AP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM analiza.alves@pioneer.com; marce@ksu.edu; richard.beeman@ars.usda.gov; jfoster1@unl.edu; bsiegfried1@unl.edu NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 162 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 659VK UT WOS:000282594900002 PM 21067417 ER PT J AU Heuberger, AL Lewis, MR Chen, MH Brick, MA Leach, JE Ryan, EP AF Heuberger, Adam L. Lewis, Matthew R. Chen, Ming-Hsuan Brick, Mark A. Leach, Jan E. Ryan, Elizabeth P. TI Metabolomic and Functional Genomic Analyses Reveal Varietal Differences in Bioactive Compounds of Cooked Rice SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-E; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; FATTY-ACIDS; PLANTS; CELLS; ANTIOXIDANTS; NUTRITION; GENETICS AB Emerging evidence supports that cooked rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains metabolites with biomedical activities, yet little is known about the genetic diversity that is responsible for metabolite variation and differences in health traits. Metabolites from ten diverse varieties of cooked rice were detected using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. A total of 3,097 compounds were detected, of which 25% differed among the ten varieties. Multivariate analyses of the metabolite profiles showed that the chemical diversity among the varieties cluster according to their defined subspecies classifications: indica, japonica, and aus. Metabolite-specific genetic diversity in rice was investigated by analyzing a collection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes from biochemical pathways of nutritional importance. Two classes of bioactive compounds, phenolics and vitamin E, contained nonsynonymous SNPs and SNPs in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions for genes in their biosynthesis pathways. Total phenolics and tocopherol concentrations were determined to examine the effect of the genetic diversity among the ten varieties. Per gram of cooked rice, total phenolics ranged from 113.7 to 392.6 mu g (gallic acid equivalents), and total tocopherols ranged between 7.2 and 20.9 mu g. The variation in the cooked rice metabolome and quantities of bioactive components supports that the SNP-based genetic diversity influenced nutritional components in rice, and that this approach may guide rice improvement strategies for plant and human health. C1 [Heuberger, Adam L.; Brick, Mark A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lewis, Matthew R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Vice President Res, Prote & Metab Facil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chen, Ming-Hsuan] ARS, Rice Res Unit, USDA, Beaumont, TX USA. [Leach, Jan E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ryan, Elizabeth P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Heuberger, AL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM e.p.ryan@colostate.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (USDA-CSREES) [2006-35604-16628]; National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2007-38420-17766]; National Institutes of Health [R03CA150070]; Shipley Foundation FX This research was funded by grants from the United States Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (USDA-CSREES) (2006-35604-16628), USDA National Needs Graduate Fellowship Competitive Grant from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2007-38420-17766), National Institutes of Health (R03CA150070), and the Shipley Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 23 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 9 AR e12915 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0012915 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 653KV UT WOS:000282091100020 PM 20886119 ER PT J AU Holtman, KM Chen, N Chappell, MA Kadla, JF Xu, L Mao, JD AF Holtman, Kevin M. Chen, Na Chappell, Mark A. Kadla, John F. Xu, Ling Mao, Jingdong TI Chemical Structure and Heterogeneity Differences of Two Lignins from Loblolly Pine As Investigated by Advanced Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Milled wood lignin; solid-state NMR; heterogeneity; spin diffusion; spectral editing ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CELLULOLYTIC ENZYME LIGNIN; MILLED WOOD LIGNIN; ORGANIC-MATTER; HUMIC ACIDS AB Advanced solid-state NMR was employed to investigate differences in chemical structure and heterogeneity between milled wood lignin (MWL) and residual enzyme lignin (REL). Wiley and conventional milled woods were also studied. The advanced NMR techniques included C-13 quantitative direct polarization, various spectral-editing techniques, and two-dimensional H-1-C-13 heteronuclear correlation NMR with H-1 spin diffusion. The C-13 chemical shift regions between 110 and 160 ppm of two lignins were quite similar to those of two milled woods. REL contained much more residual carbohydrates than MWL, showing that MWL extraction more successfully separated lignin from cellulose and hemicelluloses than REL extraction; REL was also of higher COO, aromatic C-C, and condensed aromatics but of lower aromatic C-H. At a spin diffusion time of 0.55 ms, the magnetization was equilibrated through the whole structure of MWL lignin, but not through that of REL, indicating that REL is more heterogeneous than MWL. C1 [Chen, Na; Mao, Jingdong] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Holtman, Kevin M.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Chappell, Mark A.] USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Kadla, John F.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Xu, Ling] James Madison Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. RP Mao, JD (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 4541 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM jmao@odu.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0843996, CBET-0853950] FX We thank the National Science Foundation (EAR-0843996 and CBET-0853950) for financial support. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 22 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 18 BP 9882 EP 9892 DI 10.1021/jf101258x PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 649AB UT WOS:000281736000002 PM 20726583 ER PT J AU Choi, SP Kim, SP Kang, MY Nam, SH Friedman, M AF Choi, Sun Phil Kim, Sung Phil Kang, Mi Young Nam, Seok Hyun Friedman, Mendel TI Protective Effects of Black Rice Bran against Chemically-Induced Inflammation of Mouse Skin SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Black rice bran; brown rice bran; health food; biomarkers; cytokine; eicosanoid; mice; skin inflammation ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID METABOLISM; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; CONTACT-DERMATITIS; C57BL/6 MICE; TNF-ALPHA; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PHORBOL ESTER; CELL ASSAYS AB We investigated the inhibitory effects of black rice (cv. LK1-3-6-12-1-1) bran against 12-O-tetradecanolylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced skin edema and 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in inflammatory mouse models. We also determined the effects of the bran extract on the following biomarkers: pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), eicosanoids leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). Topical application of TPA to ears of CD-1 mice induced inflammation accompanied with substantial increase in TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, LTB(4), and PGE(2) levels and an elevation in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) gene expressions in ear skin tissues. Intraperitoneal injection of black rice bran extract prior to TPA application in mice significantly suppressed TPA-induced inflammation (edema) and induced a marked decrease in the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and LTB(4). Feeding mice a standard diet with added 10% black rice bran also significantly suppressed DNFB-induced allergic contact dermatitis on the skin of the mice. By contrast, a nonpigmented brown rice bran extract did not inhibit the TPA-induced edema and failed to significantly suppress production of pro-inflammatory biomarkers (mediators). These in vivo findings further demonstrate the potential value of black rice bran as an anti-inflammatory and antiallergic food ingredient and possibly also as a therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of diseases associated with chronic inflammation. C1 [Choi, Sun Phil; Nam, Seok Hyun] Ajou Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Suwon 443749, South Korea. [Kim, Sung Phil] Ajou Univ, Dept Mol Sci & Technol, Suwon 443749, South Korea. [Kang, Mi Young] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Friedman, Mendel] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Nam, SH (reprint author), Ajou Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Suwon 443749, South Korea. EM shnam@ajou.ac.kr; Mendel.Friedman@ars.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 FU Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [200901OFT113068122] FX This work received grant support from the Agenda Program (No. 200901OFT113068122), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. NR 56 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 22 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 18 BP 10007 EP 10015 DI 10.1021/jf102224b PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 649AB UT WOS:000281736000019 PM 20731354 ER PT J AU Noorbakhsh, R Mortazavi, SA Sankian, M Shahidi, F Maleki, SJ Nasiraii, LR Falak, R Sima, HR Varasteh, AR AF Noorbakhsh, Reihaneh Mortazavi, Seyed Ali Sankian, Mojtaba Shahidi, Fakhri Maleki, Soheila J. Nasiraii, Leila Roozbeh Falak, Reza Sima, Hamid Reza Varasteh, Abdol Reza TI Influence of Processing on the Allergenic Properties of Pistachio Nut Assessed in Vitro SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pistachio (Plstacia vera); Allergy; Cultivar; Processing; Sensory evaluation ID PEANUT PROTEINS; FOOD ALLERGENS; IDENTIFICATION; BINDING AB Pistachio (Pistacia vera) is a tree nut that has been reported to cause IgE-mediated allergic reactions. This study was undertaken to investigate the distinctions between different cultivars of pistachio nut and the influence of different processing on the IgE-binding capacity of whole pistachio protein extracts. The influence of different processes on allergenicity was investigated using competitive inhibition ELISA and Western blotting assays. The Western blotting results of extracts from pistachio cultivars showed no marked difference among them. The IgE-binding capacity was significantly lower for the protein extract prepared from steam-roasted than from raw and dry-roasted pistachio nuts. The results of sensory evaluation analysis and hedonic rating proved no significant differences in color, taste, flavor, and overall quality of raw, roasted, and steam-roasted pistachio nut treatments. The most significant finding of the present study was the successful reduction of IgE-binding by pistachio extracts using steam-roast processing without any significant changes in sensory quality of product. C1 [Maleki, Soheila J.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. [Falak, Reza] Iran Univ Med Sci, Allergy Immunol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran. [Sima, Hamid Reza] Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Dept Internal Med, Imam Reza Hosp, Mashhad, Iran. [Nasiraii, Leila Roozbeh] Islamic Azad Univ Nour, Dept Food Sci, Nour, Iran. [Noorbakhsh, Reihaneh; Mortazavi, Seyed Ali; Shahidi, Fakhri; Nasiraii, Leila Roozbeh] Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Bu Ali Res Inst, Immunol Res Ctr, Mashhad, Iran. RP Varasteh, AR (reprint author), Varastegan Inst Med Sci, 15 Babak St 1, Ahmadabad, Mashhad, Iran. EM varasteha@mums.ac.ir FU Ferdowsi University of Mashhad FX Received for review April 11, 2010. Revised manuscript received August 8, 2010. Accepted August 17, 2010. This work was supported by a grant from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 22 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 18 BP 10231 EP 10235 DI 10.1021/jf101364g PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 649AB UT WOS:000281736000050 PM 20735130 ER PT J AU Scott, RL Hamerlynck, EP Jenerette, GD Moran, MS Barron-Gafford, GA AF Scott, Russell L. Hamerlynck, Erik P. Jenerette, G. Darrel Moran, M. Susan Barron-Gafford, Greg A. TI Carbon dioxide exchange in a semidesert grassland through drought-induced vegetation change SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; INTRODUCED LEHMANN LOVEGRASS; WOODY-PLANT ENCROACHMENT; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; SEASONAL-VARIATION; NONNATIVE GRASSES; EDDY-COVARIANCE; ERAGROSTIS-LEHMANNIANA; DESERT GRASSLAND; GAS-EXCHANGE AB Global warming may intensify the hydrological cycle and lead to increased drought severity and duration, which could alter plant community structure and subsequent ecosystem water and carbon dioxide cycling. We report on the net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide (NEE) of a semidesert grassland through a severe drought which drove succession from native bunchgrasses to forbs and to eventual dominance by an exotic bunchgrass. We monitored NEE and energy fluxes using eddy covariance coupled with meteorological and soil moisture variables for 6 years at a grassland site in southeastern Arizona, USA. Seasonal NEE typically showed a springtime carbon uptake after winter-spring periods of average rainfall followed by much stronger sink activity during the summer rainy season. The two severe drought years (2004 and 2005) resulted in a net release of carbon dioxide (25 g C m(-2)) and widespread mortality of native perennial bunchgrasses. Above average summer rains in 2006 alleviated drought conditions, resulting in a large flush of broad-leaved forbs and negative total NEE (-55 g C m(-2) year(-1)). Starting in 2007 and continuing through 2009, the ecosystem became increasingly dominated by the exotic grass, Eragrostis lehmanniana, and was a net carbon sink (-47 to -98 g C m(-2) year(-1)) but with distinct annual patterns in NEE. Rainfall mediated by soils was the key driver to water and carbon fluxes. Seasonal respiration and photosynthesis were strongly dependent on precipitation, but photosynthesis was more sensitive to rainfall variation. Respiration normalized by evapotranspiration showed no interannual variation, while normalized gross ecosystem production (i.e., water use efficiency) was low during drought years and then increased as the rains returned and the E. lehmanniana invasion progressed. Thus, when dry summer conditions returned in 2009, the potential for ecosystem carbon accumulation was increased and the ecosystem remained a net sink unlike similar dry years when native grasses dominated ecosystem structure. C1 [Scott, Russell L.; Hamerlynck, Erik P.; Moran, M. Susan] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Barron-Gafford, Greg A.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jenerette, G. Darrel] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Scott, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM russ.scott@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; SAHRA (Sustainability of Semiarid Hydrology and Riparian Areas) [EAR-9876800]; Philecology Foundation; Biological Informatics postdoctoral fellowship FX This work is supported by the USDA-ARS, SAHRA (Sustainability of Semiarid Hydrology and Riparian Areas, NSF Agreement EAR-9876800), Philecology Foundation, and a Biological Informatics postdoctoral fellowship to GDJ awarded in 2004. The authors also thank Chandra Holifield-Collins for providing much of the vegetation transect data. NR 83 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 6 U2 52 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD SEP 22 PY 2010 VL 115 AR G03026 DI 10.1029/2010JG001348 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 656II UT WOS:000282322500001 ER PT J AU He, XH McMahon, S Henderson, TD Griffey, SM Cheng, LW AF He, Xiaohua McMahon, Stephanie Henderson, Thomas D., II Griffey, Stephen M. Cheng, Luisa W. TI Ricin Toxicokinetics and Its Sensitive Detection in Mouse Sera or Feces Using Immuno-PCR SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TOXICITY; COMMUNIS; LECTINS; ABRIN; AGGLUTININS; WARFARE; MARKER; TOXINS; CHAIN; SEEDS AB Background: Ricin (also called RCA-II or RCA(60)), one of the most potent toxins and documented bioweapons, is derived from castor beans of Ricinus communis. Several in vitro methods have been designed for ricin detection in complex food matrices in the event of intentional contamination. Recently, a novel Immuno-PCR (IPCR) assay was developed with a limit of detection of 10 fg/ml in a buffer matrix and about 10-1000-fold greater sensitivity than other methods in various food matrices. Methods and Findings: In order to devise a better diagnostic test for ricin, the IPCR assay was adapted for the detection of ricin in biological samples collected from mice after intoxication. The limit of detection in both mouse sera and feces was as low as 1 pg/ml. Using the mouse intravenous (iv) model for ricin intoxication, a biphasic half-life of ricin, with a rapid t(1/2)alpha of 4 min and a slower t(1/2)beta of 86 min were observed. The molecular biodistribution time for ricin following oral ingestion was estimated using an antibody neutralization assay. Ricin was detected in the blood stream starting at approximately 6-7 h post- oral intoxication. Whole animal histopathological analysis was performed on mice treated orally or systemically with ricin. Severe lesions were observed in the pancreas, spleen and intestinal mesenteric lymph nodes, but no severe pathology in other major organs was observed. Conclusions: The determination of in vivo toxicokinetics and pathological effects of ricin following systemic and oral intoxication provide a better understanding of the etiology of intoxication and will help in the future design of more effective diagnostic and therapeutic methods. C1 [He, Xiaohua; McMahon, Stephanie; Henderson, Thomas D., II; Cheng, Luisa W.] ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. [Griffey, Stephen M.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Comparat Pathol Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP He, XH (reprint author), ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. EM luisa.cheng@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [NP108, CRIS 5325-42000-043-00D]; United States Public Health Service [U54 AI065359] FX This work was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Program project NP108, CRIS 5325-42000-043-00D, and United States Public Health Service Grant U54 AI065359 (to L. W. C.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 22 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 9 AR e12858 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0012858 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 653AC UT WOS:000282053100018 PM 20877567 ER PT J AU Grasso, RL Coleman, RM Davidson, C AF Grasso, Robert L. Coleman, Ronald M. Davidson, Carlos TI Palatability and Antipredator Response of Yosemite Toads (Anaxyrus canorus) to Nonnative Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; DIFFERENTIAL PREDATION; FISH INTRODUCTIONS; CHEMICAL CUES; LEGGED FROGS; BUFO-MARINUS; TADPOLES; EXTINCTIONS; HABITAT; DISEASE AB In the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, Yosemite Toads (Anaxyrus canorus) have declined throughout their range where Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) have been widely introduced. Amphibians that evolved in fishless habitats often lack the necessary chemical defenses and behavioral responses to avoid predation. True Toads (family Bufonidae), however, possess noxious chemicals that often deter predators. Our goal was to test whether eggs, tadpoles, and postmetamorphic toads of A. canorus are a palatable food source for S. fontinalis, assess the antipredator behavior of tadpoles of A. canorus by exposing them to various predator chemical cues, and determine sublethal effects on three lifestages of A. canorus from sampling by S. fontinalis. We found that eggs, tadpoles, and postmetamorphic toads of A. canorus exhibit absolute unpalatability to S. fontinalis. In addition, tadpoles of A. canorus did not exhibit a significant difference in behavior when exposed to chemical stimuli. Moreover, observational experiments revealed that trout would sample, then reject lifestages of A. canorus unharmed, while trout readily consumed tadpoles of Pacific Chorus Frog (Pseudacris regilla). We therefore infer that early lifestages of A. canorus likely possess existing chemical defenses as a result of interactions with native predators that adequately protect them from nonnative trout predation. Although trout removal often leads to the recovery of other Sierra Nevada amphibian populations, trout removal would likely have no effect on populations of A. canorus given our results. Therefore, we suggest that other factors thought to be contributing toward A. canorus decline should be investigated before efforts are concentrated on removing trout from toad habitats. C1 [Grasso, Robert L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Coleman, Ronald M.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Biol Sci, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Davidson, Carlos] San Francisco State Univ, Environm Studies Program, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Grasso, RL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM rgrasso@fs.fed.us; rcoleman@csus.edu; carlosd@sfsu.edu FU SNARL FX We thank R. Knapp for providing valuable insight and background data for this project, D. Martin and V. Vredenburg for constructive comments on experimental approach and research design, and SNARL for providing funding and assistance for this research. Research animals for this study were collected under a California Department of Fish and Game Scientific Collecting Permit (803028-03). Our research was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of the University of California, Santa Barbara (IACUC #6-04-670) and California State University, Sacramento (IACUC #F03-04). NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD SEP 21 PY 2010 IS 3 BP 457 EP 462 DI 10.1643/CH-09-033 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 655PL UT WOS:000282261800014 ER PT J AU Asner, GP Powell, GVN Mascaro, J Knapp, DE Clark, JK Jacobson, J Kennedy-Bowdoin, T Balaji, A Paez-Acosta, G Victoria, E Secada, L Valqui, M Hughes, RF AF Asner, Gregory P. Powell, George V. N. Mascaro, Joseph Knapp, David E. Clark, John K. Jacobson, James Kennedy-Bowdoin, Ty Balaji, Aravindh Paez-Acosta, Guayana Victoria, Eloy Secada, Laura Valqui, Michael Hughes, R. Flint TI High-resolution forest carbon stocks and emissions in the Amazon SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE deforestation; forest degradation; Peru; Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ID BIOMASS AB Efforts to mitigate climate change through the Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) depend on mapping and monitoring of tropical forest carbon stocks and emissions over large geographic areas. With a new integrated use of satellite imaging, airborne light detection and ranging, and field plots, we mapped aboveground carbon stocks and emissions at 0.1-ha resolution over 4.3 million ha of the Peruvian Amazon, an area twice that of all forests in Costa Rica, to reveal the determinants of forest carbon density and to demonstrate the feasibility of mapping carbon emissions for REDD. We discovered previously unknown variation in carbon storage at multiple scales based on geologic substrate and forest type. From 1999 to 2009, emissions from land use totaled 1.1% of the standing carbon throughout the region. Forest degradation, such as from selective logging, increased regional carbon emissions by 47% over deforestation alone, and secondary regrowth provided an 18% offset against total gross emissions. Very high-resolution monitoring reduces uncertainty in carbon emissions for REDD programs while uncovering fundamental environmental controls on forest carbon storage and their interactions with land-use change. C1 [Asner, Gregory P.; Mascaro, Joseph; Knapp, David E.; Clark, John K.; Jacobson, James; Kennedy-Bowdoin, Ty; Balaji, Aravindh; Paez-Acosta, Guayana] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Powell, George V. N.] World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20090 USA. [Victoria, Eloy] Peruvian Minist Environm, Lima 27, Peru. [Secada, Laura; Valqui, Michael] World Wildlife Fund, Lima 14, Peru. [Hughes, R. Flint] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Asner, GP (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gpa@stanford.edu RI Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 FU Government of Norway; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Carnegie Institution; W. M. Keck Foundation; William Hearst III FX We thank G. Agosti, M. E. Arroyo, L. Carranza, J. A. Escudero, A. Felix, A. Forsyth, N. Jarmillo, K. Ledesma, A. Mulanovich, R. E. Martin, C. Moran, J. C. Rivera, A. Rosenthal, and C. Verastegui for logistical and field assistance; T. Baker and the RAINFOR Network for providing field data for LiDAR validation work; and Bosque Sociedad y Desarrollo Institution, H. Duenas, the herbarium of the National University of Madre de Dios, the Protected Areas Natural Service (SERNANP), and especially the Amazon Conservation Association for logistical assistance. This project was supported by the Government of Norway, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Carnegie Institution, W. M. Keck Foundation, and William Hearst III. NR 19 TC 248 Z9 253 U1 15 U2 115 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 21 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 38 BP 16738 EP 16742 DI 10.1073/pnas.1004875107 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 652JW UT WOS:000282003700064 PM 20823233 ER PT J AU Reams, GA Brewer, CK Guldin, RW AF Reams, Gregory A. Brewer, Charles K. Guldin, Richard W. TI Remote sensing alone is insufficient for quantifying changes in forest cover SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter C1 [Reams, Gregory A.; Brewer, Charles K.; Guldin, Richard W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Reams, GA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM greams@fs.fed.us OI Guldin, Richard/0000-0002-7210-6125 NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 21 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 38 BP E145 EP E145 DI 10.1073/pnas.1008665107 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 652JW UT WOS:000282003700001 PM 20805466 ER PT J AU Pinero, JC Mau, RFL Vargas, RI AF Pinero, Jaime C. Mau, Ronald F. L. Vargas, Roger I. TI Comparison of rain-fast bait stations versus foliar bait sprays for control of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, in papaya orchards in Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE attract-and-kill; control; IPM; papaya leaf mimic; sanitation; Tephritidae ID APPLE MAGGOT FLIES; MALE ANNIHILATION; DIPTERA TEPHRITIDAE; PEST-MANAGEMENT; METHYL EUGENOL; MELON FLIES; CUE-LURE; ERADICATION; ATTRACT; KILL AB Bait stations represent an environmentally friendly attract-and-kill approach to fruit fly population suppression. Recently a novel, visually attractive, rain-fast bait station was developed in Hawaii for potential use against multiple species of pestiferous fruit flies. Here, we compared the efficacy of GF-120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait applied either as foliar sprays or onto bait stations in reducing female oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), population density and level of fruit infestation in commercial papaya orchards in Hawaii. Trapping and infestation data were used as indicators of the effectiveness of the two bait application methods. For the first 10 weeks of the study, captures of female B. dorsalis in monitoring traps were significantly greater in control plots than in plots treated with foliar sprays or bait stations. Six weeks after the first bait spray, incidence of infestation (i.e. number of fruit with one or more B. dorsalis larvae) of quarter to half-ripe papaya fruit was reduced by 71.4% and 63.1% for plots with bait stations and foliar sprays, respectively, as compared to control plots. Twelve weeks after first spray, incidence of infestation was reduced by only 54.5% and 45.4% for plots with bait stations and foliar sprays, respectively, as compared to control plots. About 42% less GF-120 was used in orchard plots with bait stations compared to those subject to foliar sprays. The impact of field sanitation on the outcome is also discussed. The results indicate that bait stations can provide a simple, efficient, and economical method of applying insecticidal baits to control fruit flies and a safer alternative to foliar sprays. C1 [Vargas, Roger I.] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Pinero, Jaime C.; Mau, Ronald F. L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Pinero, JC (reprint author), Lincoln Univ, Allen Hall 212, Jefferson City, MO 65101 USA. EM pineroj@lincolnU.edu FU USDA-ARS FX We thank Glenn Asmus, Jonathan Carbone, Maria Diaz, Angelina Gramlich, Jill Grotkin, Russell Ijima, Kealoha Kenney, Lester M. Klungness, Nicholle Konanui, Charlie Lee, Neil Miller, Leslie Oride, Donna Ota, Evann Souza, and Ferol White for their technical help on this project and to Diane Alston (Utah State University), Francisco Diaz-Fleischer (INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico), and two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We also express our gratitude to the Puna Hawaii King Papaya Cooperative for allowing use of the papaya orchards. This research was partially supported by a USDA-ARS agreement for papaya research administered by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD SEP 20 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 157 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 659VD UT WOS:000282594200001 PM 21067423 ER PT J AU VanDalen, KK Franklin, AB Mooers, NL Sullivan, HJ Shriner, SA AF VanDalen, Kaci K. Franklin, Alan B. Mooers, Nicole L. Sullivan, Heather J. Shriner, Susan A. TI Shedding Light on Avian Influenza H4N6 Infection in Mallards: Modes of Transmission and Implications for Surveillance SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; WILD BIRDS; A VIRUSES; RT-PCR; WATER; PREVALENCE; PERSISTENCE; EVOLUTION; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE AB Background: Wild mallards (Anas platyrhychos) are considered one of the primary reservoir species for avian influenza viruses (AIV). Because AIV circulating in wild birds pose an indirect threat to agriculture and human health, understanding the ecology of AIV and developing risk assessments and surveillance systems for prevention of disease is critical. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this study, mallards were experimentally infected with an H4N6 subtype of AIV by oral inoculation or contact with an H4N6 contaminated water source. Cloacal swabs, oropharyngeal swabs, fecal samples, and water samples were collected daily and tested by real-time RT-PCR (RRT-PCR) for estimation of viral shedding. Fecal samples had significantly higher virus concentrations than oropharyngeal or cloacal swabs and 6 month old ducks shed significantly more viral RNA than 3 month old ducks regardless of sample type. Use of a water source contaminated by AIV infected mallards, was sufficient to transmit virus to naive mallards, which shed AIV at higher or similar levels as orally-inoculated ducks. Conclusions: Bodies of water could serve as a transmission pathway for AIV in waterfowl. For AIV surveillance purposes, water samples and fecal samples appear to be excellent alternatives or additions to cloacal and oropharyngeal swabbing. Furthermore, duck age (even within hatch-year birds) may be important when interpreting viral shedding results from experimental infections or surveillance. Differential shedding among hatch-year mallards could affect prevalence estimates, modeling of AIV spread, and subsequent risk assessments. C1 [VanDalen, Kaci K.; Franklin, Alan B.; Mooers, Nicole L.; Sullivan, Heather J.; Shriner, Susan A.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP VanDalen, KK (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM Kaci.vandalen@aphis.usda.gov OI Shriner, Susan/0000-0003-0349-7182 FU United States Department of Agriculture FX This study was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 20 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 9 AR e12851 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0012851 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 651YH UT WOS:000281963200017 PM 20877466 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Pas, A Rajendran, C Kwok, OCH Ferreira, LR Martins, J Hebel, C Hammer, S Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Pas, An Rajendran, C. Kwok, O. C. H. Ferreira, L. R. Martins, J. Hebel, C. Hammer, S. Su, C. TI Toxoplasmosis in Sand cats (Felis margarita) and other animals in the Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife in the United Arab Emirates and Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation, the State of Qatar SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Felis margarita; Sand cat; Toxoplasma gondii; Genotype; Epidemiology; Fatal; Qatar; United Arab Emirates ID NEOSPORA-CANINUM; GONDII; ANTIBODIES; MANUL AB The Sand cat (Fells margarita) is a small-sized felid found in sand and stone deserts ranging from the north of Africa to Asia, with the Arabian Peninsula as its centre of distribution. The Sand cat captive breeding program at the Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife (BCEAW), Sharjah, UAE, has experienced high newborn mortality rates, and congenital toxoplasmosis was recently recognized as one of the causes of this mortality. In the present study, one 18-month-old Sand cat (FM019) died of acute toxoplasmosis-associated hepatitis and pneumonitis acquired after birth; Toxoplasma gondii was demonstrated in histological sections which reacted with T. gondii polyclonal antibodies by immunohistochemistry (IHC). T. gondii DNA was found by PCR of extracted DNA from liver and lung tissues of this cat. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in serum examined in 1:1600 dilution in the modified agglutination test (MAT); its 2-year-old cage mate seroconverted (MAT titer 1:3200) at the same time. Another Sand cat (FM017) was euthanized because of ill health when 3 years old; its MAT titer was >1:3200, and T. gondii tissue cysts were found in brain, heart, ocular muscles and skeletal muscle, confirmed by IHC. Viable T. gondii was isolated by bioassays in mice inoculated with tissues of another chronically infected Sand cat (FM002): T. gondii was not found in histological sections of this cat. T. gondii antibodies were found in several species of animals tested, notably in 49 of 57 wild felids at BCEAW. A 7-year-old Sand cat (3657) from Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation (AWWP), Doha, State of Qatar died of acute visceral toxoplasmosis with demonstrable T. gondii tachyzoites by IHC, and T. gondii DNA by PCR, and a MAT titer of >3200. T. gondii antibodies were found in 21 of 27 of wild felids at AWWP. PCR-RFLP genotyping at 10 genetic loci revealed that these T. gondii isolates from Sand cat (FM002 and FM019) at BCEAW have an atypical genotype, which was previously reported in T. gondii isolates of dogs from Sri Lanka. The genotype from the cat from AWWP (3657) is a genetic Type II strain with a Type I allele at locus Apico. This is the first report of genetic characterization of T. gondii isolates from Middle East. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Rajendran, C.; Kwok, O. C. H.; Ferreira, L. R.; Martins, J.] USDA, Anim Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pas, An] Breeding Ctr Endangered Arabian Wildlife, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. [Hebel, C.; Hammer, S.] Al Wabra Wildlife Preservat, Doha, Qatar. [Su, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, Anim Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 20 PY 2010 VL 172 IS 3-4 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.05.013 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 652FY UT WOS:000281989700003 PM 20570441 ER PT J AU Jang, SI Lillehoj, HS Lee, SH Lee, KW Park, MS Bauchan, GR Lillehoj, EP Bertrand, F Dupuis, L Deville, S AF Jang, Seung I. Lillehoj, Hyun S. Lee, Sung Hyen Lee, Kyung Woo Park, Myeong Seon Bauchan, Gary R. Lillehoj, Erik P. Bertrand, Francois Dupuis, Laurent Deville, Sebastien TI Immunoenhancing effects of Montanide (TM) ISA oil-based adjuvants on recombinant coccidia antigen vaccination against Eimeria acervulina infection SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coccidiosis; Vaccine; Adjuvant; Chickens ID PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; IMMUNIZATION; CYTOKINE; GAMMA; RESPONSES; CHICKENS; VACCINES; PROTEIN; STRATEGIES; ANTIBODIES AB The current study was conducted to investigate the immunoenhancing effects of Montanide (TM) adjuvants on protein subunit vaccination against avian coccidiosis. Broiler chickens were immunized subcutaneously with a purified Eimeria acervulina recombinant profilin protein, either alone or mixed with one of four adjuvants (ISA 70 VG, ISA 71 VG, ISA 201 VG or ISA 206 VG), and body weight gains, fecal oocyst shedding, and humoral and innate immune responses were evaluated following oral challenge infection with live E. acervulina oocysts. Immunization with profilin plus ISA 70 VG or ISA 71 VG increased body weight gains compared with vaccination with profilin alone. Profilin plus ISA 71 VG also reduced fecal oocyst shedding compared with vaccination in the absence of adjuvant. All adjuvants enhanced profilin serum antibody titers. Increased levels of gene transcripts encoding IL-2, IL-10. IL-17A, and IFN-gamma, but decreased levels of IL-15 mRNAs, were seen in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes of chickens immunized with profilin plus adjuvants compared with immunization with profilin alone. Finally, increased infiltration of lymphocytes, especially CD8(+) lymphocytes at the site of immunization was observed in birds given profilin plus ISA 71 VG compared with profilin alone. These results demonstrate that vaccination with the E. acervulina profilin subunit vaccine in combination with Montanide (TM) adjuvants enhances protective immunity against avian coccidiosis. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jang, Seung I.; Lillehoj, Hyun S.; Lee, Sung Hyen; Lee, Kyung Woo; Park, Myeong Seon] Agr Res Serv, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bauchan, Gary R.] Agr Res Serv, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lillehoj, Erik P.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Bertrand, Francois; Dupuis, Laurent; Deville, Sebastien] Seppic, F-92800 Puteaux La Defense, France. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ars.usda.gov FU ARS; USDA; Seppic, Inc. (Puteaux, France); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of South Korea [R33-10013] FX This project was partially supported by a Trust agreement established between ARS, USDA and Seppic, Inc. (Puteaux, France) and the World Class University Program (R33-10013) of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of South Korea. The authors thank Ms. Margie Nichols and Ms. Stacy Torreyson for technical assistance. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 20 PY 2010 VL 172 IS 3-4 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.04.042 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 652FY UT WOS:000281989700006 PM 20541870 ER PT J AU Li, X Zhong, S Bian, X Heilman, WE AF Li, X. Zhong, S. Bian, X. Heilman, W. E. TI Climate and climate variability of the wind power resources in the Great Lakes region of the United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID REANALYSIS; SURFACE; SPEED; DISTRIBUTIONS; PATTERNS AB The climate and climate variability of low-level winds over the Great Lakes region of the United States is examined using 30 year (1979-2008) wind records from the recently released North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), a three-dimensional, high-spatial and temporal resolution, and dynamically consistent climate data set. The analyses focus on spatial distribution and seasonal and interannual variability of wind speed at 80 m above the ground, the hub height of the modern, 77 m diameter, 1500 kW wind turbines. The daily mean wind speeds exhibit a large seasonal variability, with the highest mean wind speed (similar to 6.58 m s (1)) in November through January and the lowest (similar to 4.72 m s (1)) in July and August. The spatial variability of the annual mean winds is small across the entire region and is dominated by land-water contrasts with stronger winds over the lake surface than over land. Larger interannual variability is found during the winter months, whereas smaller variations occur in mid to late summer. The interannual variability appears to have some connections to El Nino-Southern Oscillation, with lower mean wind speeds and more frequent occurrences of lulls during major El Nino episodes. Above-normal ice cover of the Great Lakes appears to be associated with slightly lower wind speeds and vice versa. According to NARR data and the criteria established by wind energy industry, the areas over Lake Superior, Michigan, and Ontario appear to be rich in wind resources, but most land areas in the region are either unsuitable or marginal for potential wind energy development. C1 [Li, X.] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, X.; Zhong, S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bian, X.; Heilman, W. E.] USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Li, X (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM zhongs@msu.edu FU USDA Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station [07-JV-11242300-138] FX This research is supported by USDA Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station and by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station under agreement 07-JV-11242300-138. We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their time in carefully reviewing the manuscript and for their insightful and constructive comments. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 18 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D18107 DI 10.1029/2009JD013415 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 652MZ UT WOS:000282012400003 ER PT J AU Li, H Qiao, G Gu, JQ Zhou, W Li, QA Woo, SH Xu, DH Park, SI AF Li, Hua Qiao, Guo Gu, Jie-Quan Zhou, Wei Li, Qiang Woo, Sung-Ho Xu, De-Hai Park, Soo-Il TI Phenotypic and genetic characterization of bacteria isolated from diseased cultured sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in northeastern China SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Sea cucumber; Apostichopus japonicus; Bacterial pathogen; Vibrio splendidus; Shewanella sp.; Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis ID PSEUDOMONAS-PUTREFACIENS BACTEREMIA; SKIN ULCERATION DISEASE; REAL-TIME PCR; SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS; VIBRIO-ANGUILLARUM; SOUTHWESTERN SPAIN; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; SP-NOV.; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY AB During the winter-spring from 2004 to 2006 in northeastern China cultured Japanese sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus suffered from a serious disease. Clinical signs included swollen mouth, skin ulceration and massive mortality. Clinical samples taken during this period were studied. Thirty-one bacterial samples were isolated from diseased sea cucumbers and identified through biochemical tests, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and PCR amplification, followed by pathogenicity determination. The results showed that the 31 isolates belonged to the genera Vibrio (64.5%), Shewanella (12.9%), Serratia (12.9%), Pseudoalteromonas (6.4%) and Flavobacterium (3.2%). The 3 prominent strains were Vibrio splendidus (41.9%), Shewanella (12.9%) and Serratia odorifera biogroup I (12.9%). Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that 13 out of 31 isolates were pathogenic, including 8 strains of V splendidus, 3 strains of Shewanella sp. and 2 strains of Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis. The pathogenic V. splendidus showed the highest frequency of appearance. Median lethal dose (LD(50)) values (14 d) of V. splendidus, Shewanella sp. and P. tetraodonis were 1.74 x 10(7), 7.76 x 10(6), 7.24 x 10(7) CFU g(-1) body weight of sea cucumber, respectively. The virulences differed by species: Shewanella sp. > V splendidus > P. tetraodonis. This is the first report of Shewanella sp. virulence in sea cucumber. C1 [Woo, Sung-Ho; Park, Soo-Il] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Aquat Life Med, Pusan 608737, South Korea. [Li, Hua; Qiao, Guo; Gu, Jie-Quan; Zhou, Wei; Li, Qiang] Dalian Fisheries Univ, PRC, Minist Agr, Key Lab Mariculture & Biotechnol, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. [Xu, De-Hai] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Park, SI (reprint author), Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Aquat Life Med, Pusan 608737, South Korea. EM parksi@pknu.ac.kr FU National Science and Technology [2006BAD09A01]; National 908 Special Projects [908-ZH-03]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30800853]; Science and Technology Project of Dalian [2004B1NC030, 2006B11NC109] FX This research was supported by grants from the National Key Projects, National Science and Technology Pillar Program during the 11th Five-Year Plan period (2006BAD09A01), National 908 Special Projects (908-ZH-03), National Natural Science Foundation of China (30800853), and Science and Technology Project of Dalian (2004B1NC030; 2006B11NC109). NR 47 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD SEP 17 PY 2010 VL 91 IS 3 BP 223 EP 235 DI 10.3354/dao02254 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 672GR UT WOS:000283571500005 PM 21133322 ER PT J AU Maan, NS Maan, S Nomikou, K Johnson, DJ El Harrak, M Madani, H Yadin, H Incoglu, S Yesilbag, K Allison, AB Stallknecht, DE Batten, C Anthony, SJ Mertens, PPC AF Maan, Narender S. Maan, Sushila Nomikou, Kyriaki Johnson, Donna J. El Harrak, Mehdi Madani, Hafsa Yadin, Hagai Incoglu, Serife Yesilbag, Kadir Allison, Andrew B. Stallknecht, David E. Batten, Carrie Anthony, Simon J. Mertens, Peter P. C. TI RT-PCR Assays for Seven Serotypes of Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease Virus & Their Use to Type Strains from the Mediterranean Region and North America SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; WHITE-TAILED DEER; BLUETONGUE-VIRUS; COMPETITIVE ELISA; IBARAKI-VIRUS; CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; PROTEINS; GENOME; DIFFERENTIATION AB Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) infects wild ruminants, causing a frequently fatal haemorrhagic disease. However, it can also cause bluetongue-like disease in cattle, involving significant levels of morbidity and mortality, highlighting a need for more rapid and reliable diagnostic assays. EHDV outer-capsid protein VP2 (encoded by genomesegment 2 [Seg-2]) is highly variable and represents the primary target for neutralising antibodies generated by the mammalian host. Consequently VP2 is also the primary determinant of virus "serotype", as identified in virus neutralisation tests (VNT). Although previous reports have indicated eight to ten EHDV serotypes, recent serological comparisons and molecular analyses of Seg-2 indicate only seven EHDV "types". Oligonucleotide primers were developed targeting Seg-2, for use in conventional RT-PCR assays to detect and identify these seven types. These assays, which are more rapid and sensitive, still show complete agreement with VNT and were used to identify recent EHDV isolates from the Mediterranean region and North America. C1 [Maan, Narender S.; Maan, Sushila; Nomikou, Kyriaki; Batten, Carrie; Anthony, Simon J.; Mertens, Peter P. C.] Inst Anim Hlth, Vector Borne Dis Programme, Surrey, England. [Johnson, Donna J.] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [El Harrak, Mehdi] Biopharma Lab, Rabat, Akkari, Morocco. [Madani, Hafsa] Lab Cent Vet Alger, El Harrach, Alger, Algeria. [Yadin, Hagai] Kimron Vet Inst, Bet Dagan, Israel. [Incoglu, Serife] Boronova Vet Konral Aristirma, Izmir, Turkey. [Yesilbag, Kadir] Uludag Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Virol, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey. [Allison, Andrew B.; Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA USA. [Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA USA. RP Maan, NS (reprint author), Inst Anim Hlth, Vector Borne Dis Programme, Surrey, England. EM peter.mertens@bbsrc.ac.uk RI Nomikou, Kyriaki/Q-5555-2016; OI Nomikou, Kyriaki/0000-0002-7013-1853; Mertens, Peter/0000-0002-3438-3738; Allison, Andrew B./0000-0003-0971-1215 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); European Union (EU) [SANCO/940/2002]; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) [SE2617]; European Commission; EU Commission FX NSM is funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and the European Union (EU) (SANCO/940/2002); SM and KN are funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)(SE2617); PCM by Defra, the European Commission and BBSRC; CB by Defra and the EU Commission; SA by BBSRC. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 92 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 17 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 9 AR e12782 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0012782 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 651XL UT WOS:000281960800011 ER PT J AU Darwish, AM Mitchell, AJ Straus, DL AF Darwish, Ahmed M. Mitchell, Andrew J. Straus, David L. TI Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of potassium permanganate at early stages of an experimental acute infection of Flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE potassium permanganate; columnaris; Flavobacterium columnare; channel catfish; Ictalurus puntatus ID EFFICACY; PONDS AB The efficacy of potassium permanganate (KMnO(4)) against the early stages of an experimental acute infection of Flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, was evaluated. Fish were experimentally challenged by waterborne exposure for 2 h to F. columnare after cutaneous abrasion, and treated with KMnO(4) at 2.0 mg L-1 above the KMnO(4) demand at 0, 1, 2 or 4 h postchallenge for 24 h. Challenged non-treated fish acted as a positive control and non-challenged non-treated fish acted as a negative control. Fish challenged and treated with KMnO(4) at 0, 1, 2 or 4 h postchallenge had mortalities of 26%, 63%, 64% and 83% respectively. The mortality of challenged fish treated with KMnO(4) at 0 h postchallenge (26%) was significantly less than the positive control (77%). The mortalities of challenged fish treated at 1, 2 or 4 h postchallenge were not significantly different from the positive control fish. The results suggest that KMnO(4) has a clear therapeutic value in early stages of columnaris infection but limited therapeutic value once the infection has progressed. C1 [Darwish, Ahmed M.; Mitchell, Andrew J.; Straus, David L.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Darwish, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM ahmed.darwish@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD SEP 16 PY 2010 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1479 EP 1485 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02441.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 654OO UT WOS:000282178000048 ER PT J AU Pretto-Giordano, LG Muller, EE Klesius, P da Silva, VG AF Pretto-Giordano, Lucienne Garcia Mueller, Ernst Eckehardt Klesius, Phillip da Silva, Vanessa Gomes TI Efficacy of an experimentally inactivated Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in Brazil SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus agalactiae; vaccine; efficacy; tilapia; intensive rearing system ID IMMERSION VACCINATION; INIAE; FISH; INTRAPERITONEAL; INFECTION; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; DIFFICILE AB Tilapia aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing segments of fish production in Brazil. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is largely cultivated in the state of Parana, where Streptococcus agalactiae is the cause of severe disease outbreaks. The objective of this paper was to evaluate an inactivated S. agalactiae vaccine in tilapia for the control of streptococcal disease outbreaks. Tilapia, weighing approximately 20 g each, were intraperitoneally (i.p.) inoculated with 0.1 mL of the vaccine at a dose of 2.0 x 108 colony-forming unit (CFU) mL-1. One group of tilapia (treatment 1) received one vaccine dose, and the other group of tilapia (treatment 2) received two doses, with an interval of 21 days. The control group was i.p. inoculated with 0.1 mL tryptic soy broth fish-1. Immunized and control tilapia were i.p. challenged with 0.1 mL of 3.0 x 107 CFU mL-1 at 30 days post vaccination. The fish were monitored daily for disease signs and for mortality for 16 days post challenge. A statistically significant difference (P=0.0045) was found between the mortality of treatments 1 and 2. The value of relative per cent of survival of 83.6% and 96.4%, respectively, indicate that this vaccine was efficient in Nile tilapia. C1 [Pretto-Giordano, Lucienne Garcia; Mueller, Ernst Eckehardt] Univ Estadual Londrina, Prevent Med Vet Dept, BR-86051990 Londrina, Parana, Brazil. [da Silva, Vanessa Gomes] Univ Estadual Londrina, Anim Sci Post Grad Course, BR-86051990 Londrina, Parana, Brazil. [Klesius, Phillip] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Pretto-Giordano, LG (reprint author), Univ Estadual Londrina, Prevent Med Vet Dept, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid,PR 445,Km 380,Caixa Post, BR-86051990 Londrina, Parana, Brazil. EM lgiordano@uel.br FU Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior/National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CAPES/CNPq) FX The authors would like to thank the Pisciculture Station, the Animal and Vegetal Biology Department, Londrina State University for kindly providing the fish, and Angela Teresa Silva e Souza, Mauro Caetano Filho and Heitor Frossard Santos for their excellent technical assistance. Financially supported by Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior/National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CAPES/CNPq). NR 33 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD SEP 16 PY 2010 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1539 EP 1544 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02449.x PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 654OO UT WOS:000282178000054 ER PT J AU Green, BW Perschbacher, P Ludwig, G Duke, SE AF Green, Bartholomew W. Perschbacher, Peter Ludwig, Gerald Duke, Sara E. TI Threadfin shad impacts phytoplankton and zooplankton community structures in channel catfish ponds SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE threadfin shad; channel catfish; phytoplankton; zooplankton; community structure; chlorophyll a ID WATER-QUALITY; PLANKTON; BIOMANIPULATION; FISH; PRODUCTIVITY; CASCADE; FLAVOR AB Plankton community structure and chlorophyll a concentration were compared in twelve 0.1 ha earthen ponds co-stocked with channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, 1818) in a multiple-batch culture (initial biomass=5458 kg ha-1) and a planktivore, threadfin shad (Dorosoma petenense Guther, 1867; initial biomass=449 kg ha-1), during the April-November growing season. We used a completely randomized design in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement to test the planktivore level (presence or absence of threadfin shad) and channel catfish feeding frequency (daily or every third day). Channel catfish were fed a 32% protein feed to apparent satiation on days fed. The presence of threadfin shad affected phytoplankton and zooplankton community structure more than did feeding frequency, and the impact in ponds was more pronounced after 1 July. The numbers of all major groups of zooplankton were lower in ponds with threadfin shad, but were unaffected by the feeding frequency. Chlorophyll a concentration before 1 July was higher in ponds with threadfin shad and unaffected by the feeding frequency, whereas after 1 July it was higher in ponds without threadfin shad and that were fed daily. Phytoplankton community structure after 1 July was dominated by nuisance algal bloom genera of cyanobacteria in ponds without threadfin shad and by Bacillariophyceae in ponds with threadfin shad. C1 [Green, Bartholomew W.] Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, Aquaculture Syst Res Unit, Pine Bluff, AR USA. [Ludwig, Gerald] ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Duke, Sara E.] ARS, So Plains Area Off, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. RP Green, BW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SNARC, POB 1050,2955 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM bart.green@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD SEP 16 PY 2010 VL 41 IS 10 BP e524 EP e536 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02524.x PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 654OO UT WOS:000282178000017 ER PT J AU Murdoch, BM Clawson, ML Yue, S Basu, U McKay, S Settles, M Capoferri, R Laegreid, WW Williams, JL Moore, SS AF Murdoch, Brenda M. Clawson, Michael L. Yue, Samuel Basu, Urmila McKay, Stephanie Settles, Matthew Capoferri, Rossana Laegreid, William W. Williams, John L. Moore, Stephen S. TI PRNP Haplotype Associated with Classical BSE Incidence in European Holstein Cattle SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PRION PROTEIN GENE; NF-KAPPA-B; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY SUSCEPTIBILITY; PROMOTER POLYMORPHISMS; VARIANT CJD; US CATTLE; GENOME; MICE; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION AB Background: Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is an acquired prion disease of cattle. The bovine prion gene (PRNP) contains regions of both high and low linkage disequilibrium (LD) that appear to be conserved across Bos taurus populations. The region of high LD, which spans the promoter and part of intron 2, contains polymorphic loci that have been associated with classical BSE status. However, the complex genetic architecture of PRNP has not been systematically tested for an association with classical BSE. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this study, haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNPs) within PRNP were used to test for association between PRNP haplotypes and BSE disease. A combination of Illumina goldengate assay, sequencing and PCR amplification was used to genotype 18 htSNPs and 2 indels in 95 BSE case and 134 control animals. A haplotype within the region of high LD was found to be associated with BSE unaffected animals (p-value = 0.000114). Conclusion/Significance: A PRNP haplotype association with classical BSE incidence has been identified. This result suggests that a genetic determinant in or near PRNP may influence classical BSE incidence in cattle. C1 [Murdoch, Brenda M.; Yue, Samuel; Basu, Urmila; McKay, Stephanie; Moore, Stephen S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Clawson, Michael L.] ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE USA. [Laegreid, William W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [McKay, Stephanie] Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Settles, Matthew] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Capoferri, Rossana] Ist Sperimentale Italiano, IDRA Lab, Lodi, Italy. [Williams, John L.] Polo Univ, Lodi, Italy. RP Murdoch, BM (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. EM bmurdoch@ualberta.ca RI Settles, Matthew/F-2031-2011; Moore, Stephen/F-5285-2013; OI Settles, Matthew/0000-0002-3424-1086; Williams, John/0000-0001-5188-7957; Clawson, Michael/0000-0002-3355-5390 FU PrioNet Canada; Alberta Prion Research Institute [200500696]; USDA; Cariplo Foundation FX The authors would like to thank the PrioNet Canada and Alberta Prion Research Institute (200500696) for their funding and support of this work. JLW would like to thank the USDA and the Cariplo Foundation for research support. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 16 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 9 AR e12786 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0012786 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 650QH UT WOS:000281864100021 ER PT J AU Ferreira, M Mckamey, SH Martinez, RT AF Ferreira, Mileida Mckamey, Stuart H. Martinez, Reina T. TI New records of Haplaxius (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) in the Dominican Republic, with description of a new species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Letter C1 [Mckamey, Stuart H.] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Agr Res Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Ferreira, Mileida; Martinez, Reina T.] IDIAF, Ctr Tecnol Agricola CENTA, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. RP Mckamey, SH (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Agr Res Serv, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mileidaferreira1@hotmail.com; stuart.mckamey@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 16 PY 2010 IS 2614 BP 65 EP 68 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 650SF UT WOS:000281871400007 ER PT J AU Ko, J Ahuja, L Kimball, B Anapalli, S Ma, LW Green, TR Ruane, AC Wall, GW Pinter, P Bader, DA AF Ko, Jonghan Ahuja, Lajpat Kimball, Bruce Anapalli, Saseendran Ma, Liwang Green, Timothy R. Ruane, Alex C. Wall, Gerard W. Pinter, Paul Bader, Daniel A. TI Simulation of free air CO2 enriched wheat growth and interactions with water, nitrogen, and temperature SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Crop modeling; FACE; Soil water; Yield ID DOUBLE-CROPPING SYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CHANGE IMPACTS; ELEVATED CO2; SPRING WHEAT; HYBRID MODEL; RZWQM; FACE; MANAGEMENT AB Agricultural system simulation models are key tools for assessment of possible impacts of climate change on crop production and environmental quality. In this study, the CERES-Wheat 4.0 module in the RZWQM2 model was calibrated and validated for simulating spring wheat grown under elevated CO2 conditions in the FACE (Free Air CO2 Enrichment) experiments conducted at Maricopa, Arizona, USA from 1992 to 1997. The validated model was then used to simulate the possible impacts of climate change on the crop for a 16-year period centered on 2050 with a projected atmospheric CO2 concentration of 550 ppm. Sixteen General Circulation Model (GCM) projections of climate in response to this CO2 concentration were used for this purpose. In the FACE experiment, the crops were grown under ambient (365-370 ppm) and elevated (similar to 550 ppm) CO2 concentrations with two irrigation treatments (wet and dry) in 1992-1993 and 1993-1994, and two nitrogen (N) treatments (high and low N) in 1995-1996 and 1996-1997 crop seasons. The model simulated crop growth and grain yield, and soil water responses to CO2 reasonably well, reproducing variations due to the treatments. Under ambient CO2 in 1992-1993 and 1995-1996, biomass was simulated better in the dry and low N treatments with root mean square difference (RMSD) of 181 and 161 kg ha(-1), respectively, compared to the wet and high N treatments with RMSD of 259 and 268 kg ha(-1), respectively. The effects of water and N treatments were higher than those of CO2, and the model reproduced these effects well. Elevated CO2 effects on crop growth were counterbalanced by temperature effects, and projected precipitation had little effect on the simulated crop. The model results provide reasonable confidence for simulations of possible impacts of projected climate change on wheat crop growth in the region, within normal field data uncertainties. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ko, Jonghan] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Chucheon 200092, Kangwon, South Korea. [Ko, Jonghan; Ahuja, Lajpat; Anapalli, Saseendran; Ma, Liwang; Green, Timothy R.] ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Kimball, Bruce; Wall, Gerard W.; Pinter, Paul] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Ruane, Alex C.] NASA GISS Climate Impacts Grp SSP, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Bader, Daniel A.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Ko, J (reprint author), Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 192-1 Hyoja 2 Dong, Chucheon 200092, Kangwon, South Korea. EM jonghanko2001@yahoo.com RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011 FU Using Satellite Information to Develop Crop Production Forecast Techniques of Major Crops FX The authors would like to thank the scientists, technicians, and staffs who contributed to any aspects of the free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment for their valuable endeavors. We also thank Dr. Wheeler and the anonymous reviewers for their productive comments. This study is partially supported by the project of Using Satellite Information to Develop Crop Production Forecast Techniques of Major Crops. NR 52 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 150 IS 10 BP 1331 EP 1346 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.06.004 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 652GS UT WOS:000281992000002 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B AF Dawson-Hughes, Bess TI Calcium and heart attacks The heart of the matter SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter ID CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS; VITAMIN-D; PREVENTION C1 Tufts Univ, USDA Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA Nutr Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM bess.dawson-hughes@tufts.edu NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1756-1833 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 341 AR c4993 DI 10.1136/bmj.c4993 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653LV UT WOS:000282093800016 PM 20843917 ER PT J AU Smith, RE Quinton, J Goodrich, DC Nearing, M AF Smith, Roger E. Quinton, John Goodrich, David C. Nearing, Mark TI Soil-erosion models: where do we really stand? Short Communication (Discussion) on the papers by Wainwright et al. (2008a, b, c) SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSPORT-DISTANCE APPROACH; MULTICLASS SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; OVERLAND-FLOW; EUROSEM; RATES; UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTION; CATCHMENTS; DEPOSITION; MAHLERAN C1 [Goodrich, David C.; Nearing, Mark] USDA ARS, SWRC, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Quinton, John] Univ Lancaster, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster, England. RP Goodrich, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, SWRC, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM dave.goodrich@ars.usda.gov RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009; Quinton, John/B-1290-2011 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448; Quinton, John/0000-0003-1746-4795 NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1344 EP 1348 DI 10.1002/esp.1985 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 652VH UT WOS:000282038300008 ER PT J AU Daniels, AE Bagstad, K Esposito, V Moulaert, A Rodriguez, CM AF Daniels, Amy E. Bagstad, Kenneth Esposito, Valerie Moulaert, Azur Manuel Rodriguez, Carlos TI Understanding the impacts of Costa Rica's PES: Are we asking the right questions? SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Payments for environmental services; Ecosystem services; Impact assessment; Costa Rica; Forest; Forest recovery; Forest transition; REDO; Deforestation; Reforestation ID ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICE PAYMENTS; CONSERVATION; DEFORESTATION; EXPERIENCE; EFFICIENCY; DYNAMICS; PROGRAM AB PES is an increasingly mainstream tool for influencing land-use decisions on private land and Costa Rica's experience provides critical insight. We review findings of PES impacts on forest cover, a proxy for forest-based ecosystem services. National studies conclude that PES has not lowered deforestation rates. Yet in northern Costa Rica, there is evidence of additionality for PH-related avoided deforestation. Moreover, sub-national studies of bi-directional forest cover change, along with farm-level interview data and an understanding of ground-based operations, demonstrate that avoided deforestation is an incomplete measure of PES impact. Sub-national case studies suggest PES is associated with agricultural abandonment and net gains in forest cover via forest regeneration and plantation establishment. Explanations include that forest regeneration has always been an accepted PES modality for some regions. Also, early PES cohorts have an implicit spatial correlation with pre-PES incentives focusing exclusively on reforestation. Without understanding de facto PES implementation, it is impossible to appropriately evaluate PES impacts or discern whether PES outcomes positive or negative are due to PES design or its implementation. This distinction is critical in refining our understanding of both the utility and limitations of PES and has some practical implications for PES-style REDD initiatives. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Daniels, Amy E.] US Forest Serv, Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Bagstad, Kenneth; Esposito, Valerie; Moulaert, Azur] Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Daniels, AE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM adaniels02@fs.fed.us FU NASA; Blue Moon Foundation FX Thanks to the land owners who shared their time and experience, along with officials in MINAE and FONAFIFO for invaluable consultations. The first author is grateful to a NASA Fellowship for funding fieldwork. We thank the participants from the workshop Payments for Ecosystem Services: From Local to Global, held in March 2007 in Heredia, Costa Rica and hosted by the University of Vermont's Gund Institute for Ecological Economics and the Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica's International Centre of Economic Policy for Sustainable Development (CINPE), with funding from the Blue Moon Foundation. Finally, we thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 39 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 69 IS 11 BP 2116 EP 2126 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.011 PG 11 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 653ET UT WOS:000282071800010 ER PT J AU Stetler, KM Venn, TJ Calkin, DE AF Stetler, Kyle M. Venn, Tyron J. Calkin, David E. TI The effects of wildfire and environmental amenities on property values in northwest Montana, USA SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Hedonic price method; Revealed preference; Wildland-urban interface; Non-market valuation; Bushfire ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION-GROWTH; FUEL TREATMENT; BIKING DEMAND; PUBLIC LANDS; FOREST-FIRE; RISK; SUPPRESSION AB This study employed the hedonic price framework to examine the effects of 256 wildfires and environmental amenities on home values in northwest Montana between June 1996 and January 2007. The study revealed environmental amenities, including proximity to lakes, national forests, Glacier National Park and golf courses, have large positive effects on property values in northwest Montana. However, proximity to and view of wildfire burned areas has had large and persistent negative effects on home values. The analysis supports an argument that homebuyers may correlate proximity to and view of a wildfire burned area with increased wildfire risk. Indeed, when a burned area is not visible from a home, wildfire risk appears to be out of sight and out of mind for homebuyers. Findings from this research can be used to inform debate about efficient allocation of resources to wildfire preparedness, including public education programs, and suppression activities around the wildland-urban interface. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stetler, Kyle M.; Venn, Tyron J.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Calkin, David E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Venn, TJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM tyron.venn@umontana.edu RI Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 FU USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station FX We would like to thank the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station for funding this research and the Northwest Montana Association of Realtors for providing the Multiple Listing Service data. We also gratefully acknowledge the geographical information system support provided by Mike Sweet (College of Forestry and Conservation, The University of Montana) and econometric support from Professor Doug Dalenberg (Department of Economics, The University of Montana). NR 69 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 8 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 69 IS 11 BP 2233 EP 2243 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.009 PG 11 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 653ET UT WOS:000282071800021 ER PT J AU Klubicova, K Danchenko, M Skultety, L Miernyk, JA Rashydov, NM Berezhna, VV Pret'Ova, A Hajduch, M AF Klubicova, Katarina Danchenko, Maksym Skultety, Ludovit Miernyk, Jana A. Rashydov, Namik M. Berezhna, Valentyna V. Pret'ova, Anna Hajduch, Martin TI Proteomics Analysis of Flax Grown in Chernobyl Area Suggests Limited Effect of Contaminated Environment on Seed Proteome SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; AGRICULTURAL CROPS; IONIZING-RADIATION; PLANT ADAPTATION; BETAINE; STRESS; CONSEQUENCES; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION AB The accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) on April 26, 1986 is the most serious nuclear disaster in human history. Surprisingly, while the area proximal to the CNPP remains substantially contaminated with long-lived radioisotopes including (90)Sr and (137)Cs, the local ecosystem has been able to adapt. To evaluate plant adaptation, seeds of a local flax (Linum usitatissimum) variety Kyivskyi were sown in radio-contaminated and control fields of the Chernobyl region. A total protein fraction was isolated from mature seeds, and analyzed using 2-dimensional electrophoresis combined with tandem-mass spectrometry. Interestingly, growth of the plants in the radio-contaminated environment had little effect on proteome and only 35 protein spots differed in abundance (p-value of <= 0.05) out of 720 protein spots that were quantified for seeds harvested from both radio-contaminated and control fields. Of the 35 differentially abundant spots, 28 proteins were identified using state-of-the-art MS(E) method. Based on the observed changes, the proteome of seeds from plants grown in radio-contaminated soil display minor adjustments to multiple signaling pathways. C1 [Klubicova, Katarina; Danchenko, Maksym; Miernyk, Jana A.; Pret'ova, Anna; Hajduch, Martin] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Plant Genet & Biotechnol, Nitra, Slovakia. [Skultety, Ludovit] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Virol, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Skultety, Ludovit] Slovak Acad Sci, Ctr Mol Med, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Miernyk, Jana A.] Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Miernyk, Jana A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO USA. [Danchenko, Maksym; Rashydov, Namik M.; Berezhna, Valentyna V.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Cell Biol & Genet Engn, Kiev, Ukraine. RP Hajduch, M (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Plant Genet & Biotechnol, Nitra, Slovakia. EM hajduch@savba.sk RI Skultety, Ludovit/N-2160-2014; Danchenko, Maksym/G-7793-2015 OI Danchenko, Maksym/0000-0002-3676-0728 FU European Union [MIRG-CT-2007-200165]; National Scholarship Program of the Slovak Republic FX This investigation was supported by Seventh Framework Program of the European Union - International Reintegration Grant (MIRG-CT-2007-200165). Both M.D. and J.A.M. were supported in part by the National Scholarship Program of the Slovak Republic. This paper reflects only the author's views and the Community is not liable for any use that might be made of information contained herein. NR 47 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 18 BP 6940 EP 6946 DI 10.1021/es100895s PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 647PD UT WOS:000281629800008 PM 20715763 ER PT J AU Lankford, SE Weber, GM AF Lankford, Scott E. Weber, Gregory M. TI The maturation-inducing hormone 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one regulates gene expression of inhibin beta(A) and bambi (bone morphogenetic protein and activin-membrane-bound inhibitor) in the rainbow trout ovary* SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bambi; Activin; Ovary; Follicle; Steroid hormone; Maturation; Growth factor ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-RHODURUS; ZEBRAFISH OOCYTE MATURATION; SPOTTED SEA-TROUT; STEROID-PRODUCTION; FOLLICLE CELLS; DANIO-RERIO; IGF-I; GONADOTROPIN REGULATION; COMPETENCE ACQUISITION AB Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFp) superfamily members are important paracrine and autocrine regulators of ovarian development and steroidogenesis in mammals and birds, but their reproductive roles in fish are not well understood. The activin system, Tgfb, and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (Bmp15) participate in the regulation of follicle maturation in some fish species. In addition, transcript levels of TGFO superfamily members and their inhibitor, bambi (bmp and activin-membrane-bound inhibitor), change in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ovary during reproductive development including the transition from vitellogenesis to follicle maturation. The objective of the present study was to determine if the maturation-inducing hormone (M11-1) in trout, 17a,20p-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, regulates gene expression of TGFp superfamily members and their inhibitors. Transcript levels of inhibin 13A subunit (Mhba) were increased and bambi decreased in isolated follicles incubated overnight without hormones compared to abundance in freshly excised tissues from the same fish, suggesting systemic factors influenced transcript abundance. Incubation with MIH decreased inhba and increased bambi expression in a dose-dependant manner and MIH was the most potent steroid examined. The transcripts' responses to incubation with and without MIH were observed in maturationally competent follicles, which are follicles competent to resume meiosis in response to MIH, and incompetent follicles, although the responses to MIN were greater in competent follicles. In summary, MIH regulates inhba and bambi expression in a stage specific manner supporting a role for MIH regulation of the TGFp superfamily system and participation of the TGFp superfamily system in the regulation of follicle maturation in rainbow trout. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lankford, Scott E.; Weber, Gregory M.] ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Leetown, WV 25430 USA. RP Weber, GM (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, 11861 Leetown Rd, Leetown, WV 25430 USA. EM lankford@ucmo.edu; greg.weber@ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 168 IS 3 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.05.002 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 641LF UT WOS:000281126700009 PM 20471981 ER PT J AU Zhu, AX Qi, F Moore, A Burt, JE AF Zhu, A-Xing Qi, Feng Moore, Amanda Burt, James E. TI Prediction of soil properties using fuzzy membership values SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Soil property; Fuzzy membership; Weighted average; Regression ID SPATIAL PREDICTION; C-MEANS; ATTRIBUTES; LANDFORM; TERRAIN; MODEL; CLASSIFICATION; INFORMATION; LANDSCAPE; MAPS AB Detailed information on the spatial variation of soils is desirable for many agricultural and environmental applications. This research explores three approaches that use soil fuzzy membership values to predict detailed spatial variation of soil properties. The first two are weighted average models with which the soil property value at a location is the average of the typical soil property values of the soil types weighted by fuzzy membership values. We compared two options to determine the typical property values: one that uses the representative values from existing soil survey and the other that uses the property value of a field observation typical of a soil type. The third approach is a multiple linear regression in which the soil property value at a location is predicted using a regression between the soil property and fuzzy membership values. We compared this to multiple linear regression with environmental variables. In a case study in the Driftless Area of Wisconsin, the models were also compared with a predictive model based on existing soil survey. The results showed that regression with environmental variables works well for areas where the soil-terrain relationship is relatively simple but regression with fuzzy membership values is an improvement for areas where soil-terrain relationships are more complicated. From the perspectives of data requirement and model simplicity as well as accuracy of prediction the weighted average with maximum fuzzy membership option has obvious advantages. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Qi, Feng] Kean Univ, Dept Geol & Meteorol, Union, NJ 07083 USA. [Zhu, A-Xing] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Zhu, A-Xing; Burt, James E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Moore, Amanda] USDA NRCS, Annapolis, MD 21409 USA. RP Qi, F (reprint author), Kean Univ, Dept Geol & Meteorol, 1000 Morris Ave, Union, NJ 07083 USA. EM azhu@wisc.edu; fqi@kean.edu; Amanda.Moore@md.usda.gov; jeburt@wisc.edu FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40971236]; National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB407207]; National Key Technology R&D Program of China [2007BAC15B01]; Natural Resources Conservation Services; United States Department of Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Hamel Faculty Fellow Award; Kean University FX The research reported here was supported by a project from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (project no. 40971236), the National Basic Research Program of China (project no. 2007CB407207), and the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2007BAC15B01). This research is also supported by the Natural Resources Conservation Services, United States Department of Agriculture through its Graduate Studies Program to Amanda Moore, the Chinese Academy of Sciences through its "One-Hundred Talents" program, the University of Wisconsin-Madison Vilas Associate Award, the Hamel Faculty Fellow Award to Prof. A-Xing Zhu, and the Kean University through the Untenured Faculty Research Initiative Award to Prof. Feng Qi. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 158 IS 3-4 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.001 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 652JG UT WOS:000282000100011 ER PT J AU Laird, D Fleming, P Wang, BQ Horton, R Karlen, D AF Laird, David Fleming, Pierce Wang, Baiqun Horton, Robert Karlen, Douglas TI Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Biochar; Charcoal; Black carbon; Nutrient leaching; Manure ID WATER-QUALITY; BLACK CARBON; CHARCOAL; NITROGEN; CROP; PHOSPHORUS; STRATEGIES; FERTILIZER; FERRALSOL; MANURE AB Application of biochar to highly weathered tropical soils has been shown to enhance soil quality and decrease leaching of nutrients. Little, however, is known about the effects of biochar applications on temperate region soils. Our objective was to quantify the impact of biochar on leaching of plant nutrients following application of swine manure to a typical Midwestern agricultural soil. Repacked soil columns containing 0, 5, 10, and 20 g-biochar kg(-1)-soil, with and without 5 g kg(-1) of dried swine manure were leached weekly for 45 weeks. Measurements showed a significant decrease in the total amount of N, P, Mg, and Si that leached from the manure-amended columns as biochar rates increased, even though the biochar itself added substantial amounts of these nutrients to the columns. Among columns receiving manure, the 20 g kg-1 biochar treatments reduced total N and total dissolved P leaching by 11% and 69%, respectively. By-pass flow, indicated by spikes in nutrient leaching, occurred during the first leaching event after manure application for 3 of 6 columns receiving manure with no biochar, but was not observed for any of the biochar amended columns. These laboratory results indicate that addition of biochar to a typical Midwestern agricultural soil substantially reduced nutrient leaching, and suggest that soil-biochar additions could be an effective management option for reducing nutrient leaching in production agriculture. Published by Elsevier BM. C1 [Laird, David; Fleming, Pierce; Karlen, Douglas] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, Baiqun] NW A&F Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Xianyang, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Horton, Robert] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Laird, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM david.laird@ars.usda.gov RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 30 TC 225 Z9 297 U1 22 U2 279 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 158 IS 3-4 BP 436 EP 442 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.012 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 652JG UT WOS:000282000100038 ER PT J AU Laird, DA Fleming, P Davis, DD Horton, R Wang, BQ Karlen, DL AF Laird, David A. Fleming, Pierce Davis, Dedrick D. Horton, Robert Wang, Baiqun Karlen, Douglas L. TI Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Biochar; Charcoal; Black carbon; Soil quality; Manure ID BLACK CARBON; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; RESIDUE REMOVAL; ORGANIC-MATTER; CHARCOAL; CROP; YIELD; SEQUESTRATION; PRODUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT AB Biochar, a co-product of thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic materials into advanced biofuels, may be used as a soil amendment to enhance the sustainability of biomass harvesting. We investigated the impact of biochar amendments (0, 5, 10, and 20 g-biochar kg(-1) soil) on the quality of a Clarion soil (Mesic Typic Hapludolls), collected (0-15 cm) in Boone County, Iowa. Repacked soil columns were incubated for 500 days at 25 degrees C and 80% relative humidity. On week 12, 5 g of dried and ground swine manure was incorporated into the upper 3 cm of soil for half of the columns. Once each week, all columns were leached with 200 mL of 0.001 M CaCl(2). Soil bulk density increased with time for all columns and was significantly lower for biochar amended soils relative to the un-amended soils. The biochar amended soils retained more water at gravity drained equilibrium (up to 15%), had greater water retention at -1 and -5 bars soil water matric potential, (13 and 10% greater, respectively), larger specific surface areas (up to 18%), higher cation exchange capacities (up to 20%), and pH values (up to 1 pH unit) relative to the un-amended controls. No effect of biochar on saturated hydraulic conductivity was detected. The biochar amendments significantly increased total N (up to 7%), organic C (up to 69%), and Mehlich III extractable P. K, Mg and Ca but had no effect on Mehlich III extractable S. Cu, and Zn. The results indicate that biochar amendments have the potential to substantially improve the quality and fertility status of Midwestern agricultural soils. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Laird, David A.; Fleming, Pierce; Karlen, Douglas L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Davis, Dedrick D.; Horton, Robert] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, Baiqun] Minist Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Wang, Baiqun] NW A&F Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Laird, DA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM david.laird@ars.usda.gov RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 36 TC 269 Z9 356 U1 34 U2 286 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 158 IS 3-4 BP 443 EP 449 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 652JG UT WOS:000282000100039 ER PT J AU Al Rajabi, A Peterson, J Choi, SW Suttie, J Barakat, S Booth, SL AF Al Rajabi, Ala Peterson, James Choi, Sang-Woon Suttie, John Barakat, Susan Booth, Sarah L. TI Measurement of menadione in urine by HPLC SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Menadione; HPLC; Vitamin K; Phylloquinone; Menaquinone-4 ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS; PLASMA; METABOLISM AB Menadione is a metabolite of vitamin K that is excreted in urine. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using a C(30) column, post-column zinc reduction and fluorescence detection was developed to measure urinary menadione. The mobile phase was composed of 95% methanol with 0.55% aqueous solution and 5% DI H(2)O. Menaquinone-2 (MK-2) was used as an internal standard. The standard calibration curve was linear with a correlation coefficient (R(2)) of 0.999 for both menadione and MK-2. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.3 pmole menadione/mL urine. Sample preparation involved hydrolysis of menadiol conjugates and oxidizing the released menadiol to menadione. Using this method, urinary menadione was shown to increase in response to 3 years of phylloquinone supplementation. This HPLC method is a sensitive and reproducible way to detect menadione in urine. (C) 2010 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved. C1 [Al Rajabi, Ala; Peterson, James; Choi, Sang-Woon; Barakat, Susan; Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Suttie, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ala.al_rajabi@tufts.edu; james.peterson@tufts.edu; sang.choi@tufts.edu; suttie@biochem.wisc.edu; susan.barakat@tufts.edu; sarah.booth@tufts.edu OI AL RAJABI, ALA/0000-0003-2426-6279 FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG019147, R01 AG019147-05] NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 878 IS 26 BP 2457 EP 2460 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.07.016 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 653HD UT WOS:000282079100015 PM 20719580 ER PT J AU Hang, L Setiawan, T Blum, AM Urban, J Stoyanoff, K Arihiro, S Reinecker, HC Weinstock, JV AF Hang, Long Setiawan, Tommy Blum, Arthur M. Urban, Joseph Stoyanoff, Korynn Arihiro, Seiji Reinecker, Hans-Christian Weinstock, Joel V. TI Heligmosomoides polygyrus Infection Can Inhibit Colitis through Direct Interaction with Innate Immunity SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REGULATORY T-CELLS; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; INTESTINAL HOMEOSTASIS; IL-10-DEFICIENT MICE; DENDRITIC CELLS; HELMINTHS; MECHANISM; RESPONSES AB Less developed countries have a low incidence of immunological diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), perhaps prevented by the high prevalence of helminth infections in their populations. In the Rag IL-10(-/-) T cell transfer model of colitis, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, an intestinal helminth, prevents and reverses intestinal inflammation. This model of colitis was used to explore the importance of innate immunity in H. polygyrus protection from IBD. Rag mice briefly exposed to H. polygyrus before reconstitution with IL-10(-/-) colitogenic T cells are protected from colitis. Exposure to H. polygyrus before introduction of IL-10(-/-) and OT2 T cells reduced the capacity of the intestinal mucosa to make IFN-gamma and IL-17 after either anti-CD3 mAb or OVA stimulation. This depressed cytokine response was evident even in the absence of colitis, suggesting that the downmodulation in proinflammatory cytokine secretion was not just secondary to improvement in intestinal inflammation. Following H. polygyrus infection, dendritic cells (DCs) from the lamina propria of Rag mice displayed decreased expression of CD80 and CD86, and heightened expression of plasmacytoid dendritic cell Ag-1 and CD40. They were also less responsive to lamina proprias, producing less IL-12p40 and IL-10. Also diminished was their capacity to present OVA to OT2 T cells. These experiments infer that H. polygyrus does not require direct interactions with Tor B cells to render animals resistant to colitis. DCs have an important role in driving both murine and human IBD. Data suggest that phenotypic alternations in mucosal DC function are part of the regulatory process. The Journal of Immunology, 2010, 185: 3184-3189. C1 [Hang, Long; Setiawan, Tommy; Blum, Arthur M.; Stoyanoff, Korynn; Weinstock, Joel V.] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol, Dept Internal Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Arihiro, Seiji; Reinecker, Hans-Christian] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Gastroenterol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Urban, Joseph] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Weinstock, JV (reprint author), Tufts Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Box 233,800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jweinstock2@tufts-nemc.org OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU National Institutes of Health [DK38327, DK058755]; Broad Foundation; Schneider Family; Friedman Family; Gilman Family FX This work was supported by Grants DK38327 and DK058755 from the National Institutes of Health, the Broad Foundation, the Schneider Family, the Friedman Family, and the Gilman Family. NR 27 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 185 IS 6 BP 3184 EP 3189 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.1000941 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 646RI UT WOS:000281559300009 PM 20702728 ER PT J AU Leinwand, IIF Theobald, DM Mitchell, J Knight, RL AF Leinwand, Ian I. F. Theobald, David M. Mitchell, John Knight, Richard L. TI Landscape dynamics at the public-private interface: A case study in Colorado SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Exurban; Land use change; Urbanization; Rural residential development; Anthropogenic disturbance; Human footprint ID LAND-USE CHANGE; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; EXURBAN DEVELOPMENT; GREATER YELLOWSTONE; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; BIRD COMMUNITIES; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; RURAL GRADIENT AB The Rocky Mountain West is experiencing rapid land use change in the form of residential development. Public land managers, like the U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and National Park Service are increasingly concerned with ecological and management implications of private land use adjacent to public lands. Using fine-grain land use data, collected from high resolution aerial photographs, we quantify human land use composition, patterns, and trends at the interface of public and private land in the Southern Rocky Mountain Ecoregion (SRE) of Colorado. We developed two metrics for assessing land use impacts. The first quantifies the amount of land cover modified (HMc) by human land use and the second estimates the amount of wildlife habitat that is functionally modified (HMfd). In 2005, we estimate that human land use modifies 8% of the total land cover in the Colorado SRE and that 13% of the study area was functionally modified. Agriculture had the greatest impact in terms of area of modified land cover (282,305 ha). Residential (exurban) land use had a smaller footprint (HMc) but the close proximity to public lands, dispersed spatial pattern (high HMfd), and rapid increase in rural and exurban housing density observed in the SRE have important implications. This research demonstrates how fine scale land cover data can be used to examine land use pattern and composition as well as track land use change. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Leinwand, Ian I. F.; Theobald, David M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Human Dimens Nat Resources, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Leinwand, Ian I. F.; Theobald, David M.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Leinwand, Ian I. F.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Mitchell, John] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Knight, Richard L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forestry Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Leinwand, IIF (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Human Dimens Nat Resources, Warner Coll Nat Resources, 112 Forestry Bldg,1401 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ianleinwand@hotmail.com; davet@warnercnr.colostate.edu; johnm@lamar.colostate.edu; knight@warnercnr.colostate.edu FU U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station FX This research was supported by funding from the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. We thank Sarah Reed, Nate Piekielek, Caroline Krumm, and members of the Theobald lab and our anonymous reviewers for their support and constructive comments. Data collection would not have been possible without the hard work of Paul Holsinger, Tyler Andrews, and Linda Halvorson. NR 72 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 3 BP 182 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.05.009 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 642FH UT WOS:000281189100004 ER PT J AU Brooks, JP McLaughlin, MR Scheffler, B Miles, DM AF Brooks, J. P. McLaughlin, M. R. Scheffler, B. Miles, D. M. TI Microbial and antibiotic resistant constituents associated with biological aerosols and poultry litter within a commercial poultry house SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Poultry; Aerosol; Bacteria; Antibiotic resistant; 16S rRNA ID RISK-FACTORS; SALMONELLA; BIOSOLIDS; PATHOGENS; INDICATORS; REGROWTH; BROILERS; BACTERIA AB Poultry are known to harbor antibiotic resistant and pathogenic bacteria, and as such poultry litter and poultry house air can be contaminated with these bacteria. However, the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in biological aerosols and litter is largely not understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of aerosolized bacteria and endotoxin, particularly fecal indicators, staphylococci, and enterococci, associated with poultry house and outdoor air. Aerosol samples were collected at multiple locations on the farm and in the house. Antibiotic resistance was investigated using the Kirby Bauer method on selected isolates using twelve different antibiotics spanning both narrow to broad spectrums of effectiveness. Overall there was a cyclical increase in bacterial concentrations as flocks progressed from pre-flock to late-flock, with >2 orders magnitude lower concentration during pre-flock periods (no chickens), in both the litter and aerosol samples. The house environment provided for significantly concentrated bacterial and endotoxin levels. It was estimated that Staphylococcus bacteria accounted for at least 90% of cultured aerobic bacteria and culture-independent 165 rRNA analyses demonstrated that significant population changes occurred from pre- to late-flock. Rarely was an isolate resistant to more than 4 antibiotic classes; however there was a trend upwards in overall resistance of enterococci as the flock cycle progressed. It appears that although levels of antibiotic resistant bacteria were highly concentrated within the house, levels were much lower outside of the house, and very little house escape occurred. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brooks, J. P.; McLaughlin, M. R.; Miles, D. M.] ARS, USDA, Genet & Precis Agr Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Scheffler, B.] ARS, USDA, Genet & Bioinformat Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Brooks, JP (reprint author), 810 Hwy 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM john.brooks@ars.usda.gov OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 33 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 20 BP 4770 EP 4777 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.06.038 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 651MJ UT WOS:000281931500057 PM 20655094 ER PT J AU Pacheco, JM Piccone, ME Rieder, E Pauszek, SJ Borca, MV Rodriguez, LL AF Pacheco, Juan M. Piccone, Maria E. Rieder, Elizabeth Pauszek, Steven J. Borca, Manuel V. Rodriguez, Luis L. TI Domain disruptions of individual 3B proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus do not alter growth in cell culture or virulence in cattle SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Foot-and-mouth disease; Protein 38; Mutagenesis; Cattle ID GENOME-LINKED PROTEIN; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; RNA-POLYMERASE; IN-VITRO; POLIOVIRUS; GENE; VPG; REPLICATION; MUTANTS; 3A AB Picornavirus RNA replication is initiated by a small viral protein primer, 38 (also known as VPg). that is covalently linked to the 5' terminus of the viral genome. In contrast to other picornaviruses that encode a single copy of 38, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) encodes three copies of 38 Viruses containing disrupted native sequence or deletion of one of their three 38 proteins were derived from a FMDV A24 Cruzeiro full-length cDNA infectious clone Mutant viruses had growth characteristics similar to the parental virus in cells. RNA synthesis and protein cleavage processes were not significantly affected in these mutant viruses Cattle infected by aerosol exposure with mutant viruses developed clinical disease similar to that caused by the parental A24 Cruzeiro. Therefore, severe domain disruption or deletion of individual 38 proteins in FMDV do not affect the virus' ability to replicate in vitro and cause clinical disease in cattle Published by Elsevier Inc C1 [Pacheco, Juan M.; Piccone, Maria E.; Rieder, Elizabeth; Pauszek, Steven J.; Borca, Manuel V.; Rodriguez, Luis L.] ARS, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. [Piccone, Maria E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT USA. RP Rodriguez, LL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. OI Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201; Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 FU ARS-CRIS [1940-32000-052-00D] FX We thank Elizabeth Bishop, Ethan Hartwig and George Smoliga for technical assistance We would particularly wish to thank Melanie Prarat for editing the manuscript. We also thank the PIADC animal care staff for excellent technical assistance. This research was funded by ARS-CRIS Project 1940-32000-052-00D. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 405 IS 1 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2010.05.036 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 635XR UT WOS:000280691700018 PM 20580394 ER PT J AU Lednicky, JA Hamilton, SB Tuttle, RS Sosna, WA Daniels, DE Swayne, DE AF Lednicky, John A. Hamilton, Sara B. Tuttle, Richard S. Sosna, William A. Daniels, Deirdre E. Swayne, David E. TI Ferrets develop fatal influenza after inhaling small particle aerosols of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; A H5N1; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; MODEL; HEMAGGLUTININ; HUMANS; INFECTIONS; RECEPTORS; VIRULENCE; ASIA AB Background: There is limited knowledge about the potential routes for H5N1 influenza virus transmission to and between humans, and it is not clear whether humans can be infected through inhalation of aerosolized H5N1 virus particles. Ferrets are often used as a animal model for humans in influenza pathogenicity and transmissibility studies. In this manuscript, a nose only bioaerosol inhalation exposure system that was recently developed and validated was used in an inhalation exposure study of aerosolized A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) virus in ferrets. The clinical spectrum of influenza resulting from exposure to A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) through intranasal verses inhalation routes was analyzed. Results: Ferrets were successfully infected through intranasal instillation or through inhalation of small particle aerosols with four different doses of Influenza virus A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1). The animals developed severe influenza encephalomyelitis following intranasal or inhalation exposure to 101, 102, 103, or 104 infectious virus particles per ferret. Conclusions: Aerosolized Influenza virus A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) is highly infectious and lethal in ferrets. Clinical signs appeared earlier in animals infected through inhalation of aerosolized virus compared to those infected through intranasal instillation. C1 [Lednicky, John A.; Hamilton, Sara B.; Tuttle, Richard S.; Sosna, William A.; Daniels, Deirdre E.] Midwest Res Inst, Energy & Life Sci Div, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Swayne, David E.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Lednicky, JA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Box 100188,101 S Newell Dr HPNP Bldg,Suite 2150A, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM jlednicky@mriresearch.org FU MRI; USDA/NBACC FX The following NBACC scientists provided significant guidance and technical input in this project: Drs. Matthew Bender, Elizabeth Leffel (presently at PharmAthene, Annapolis, MD), Michael Kuhlman (presently at Battelle Memorial Institute, OH), Richard Kenyon and Kenneth Tucker. The authors thank Dr. Robert Huebner [Deputy Director of Influenza and Emerging Diseases Division Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), US Department of Health and Human Services], who was involved in the initial design of the aerosol exposure system and animal studies, and Dr. Claire Croutch, who assisted in the development of the ferret model. The project team is grateful to Dr. Kevin King (presently at Diagnostic Hybrids, Inc., OH) for assistance in regulatory affairs and system validations, and to Dr. Barry Astroff (MRI) for assistance in establishing a dedicated aerosol facility for inhalation exposure studies. Drs. Chad Roy (Tulane Univ., LA) and Justin Hartings (Biaera Technologies, MD) are thanked for their early input into system design and equipment purchase. The NBACC virus acquisition team is thanked for acquiring and providing IQ/06. Dr. Rudolph Jaeger and Bridgett Corbett (CH Technologies, Inc.) provided invaluable assistance in equipment selection, system design, and assembly. The safety oversight of Eric Jeppesen, manager of the MRI Biosafety/Biosurety Office, is greatly appreciated. Upper management at MRI is thanked for providing the facility, class III glovebox, and aerosol generating equipment used in this project. This project was performed at the MRI Influenza and Respiratory Pathogen Research Center in Kansas City, and was partly funded by a cooperative teaming agreement between MRI and the USDA/NBACC, by MRI development funds, and by an MRI Internal Research and Development award to Dr. John Lednicky. NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 7 AR 231 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-7-231 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 659ZO UT WOS:000282606400003 PM 20843329 ER PT J AU Conway, HE Culin, JD Burgess, LW Allard, C AF Conway, Hugh E. Culin, Joseph D. Burgess, LayLa W. Allard, Cora TI Maximizing oviposition efficiency when mass rearing the coccinellid, Sasajiscymnus tsugae, a predator of the hemlock woolly Adelgid, Adelges tsugae SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological control; invasive species ID HOMOPTERA AB Sasajiscymnus tsugae Sasaji and McClure (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is a biological control agent imported for management of hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand. In mass rearing S. tsugae, accurate estimation of egg numbers is important because larvae are cannibalistic, especially at higher densities. To determine the most accurate means of estimating egg production, three brands of gauze were compared as oviposition substrates. Curad (R) gauze provided the most accurate estimate of egg production, and was the most cost effective brand. When eggs were collected from oviposition jars, similar adult yields of S. tsugae occurred between rearing cages infested with 1,650 eggs from gauze compared to eggs on the twigs from within these jars. Additionally, orientation of oviposition jars impacted S. tsugae egg production as significantly more eggs were produced in horizontally oriented oviposition jars. C1 [Conway, Hugh E.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Diagnost & Management Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Culin, Joseph D.; Burgess, LayLa W.] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Allard, Cora] Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Conway, HE (reprint author), USDA APHIS PPQ, Diagnost & Management Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM hugh.e.conway@aphis.usda.gov; jculin@clemson.edu; laylab@clemson.edu; callara@clemson.edu FU Jackson-Macon Conservation Alliance; Chattooga Conservancy; National Forest Foundation,; USDA Forest Service; Clemson University Experiment Station; College of Agriculture, Forestry & Life Sciences, Clemson University FX We thank Dr. Kathleen Kidd (North Carolina Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services) and Daniel Palmer (Phillip Alampi Beneficial Insect Rearing Laboratory) for the initial stock of S. tsugae. Funding was provided by the Jackson-Macon Conservation Alliance, the Chattooga Conservancy, the National Forest Foundation, and USDA Forest Service. Insectary facilities are supported by the Clemson University Experiment Station and the College of Agriculture, Forestry & Life Sciences, Clemson University. Technical support was provided by K.B. Burton and C.A. Hendrix. Comments provided by several anonymous reviewers have added significantly to the clarity of this manuscript. This is Technical Contribution No. 5462 of the Clemson University Experiment Station. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD SEP 14 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 152 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 659UW UT WOS:000282593400001 PM 21070172 ER PT J AU Olcott, MH Henkels, MD Rosen, KL Walker, FL Sneh, B Loper, JE Taylor, BJ AF Olcott, Marika H. Henkels, Marcella D. Rosen, Kise L. Walker, Francesca L. Sneh, Baruch Loper, Joyce E. Taylor, Barbara J. TI Lethality and Developmental Delay in Drosophila melanogaster Larvae after Ingestion of Selected Pseudomonas fluorescens Strains SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; III SECRETION; HOST-DEFENSE; IMAGINAL DISCS; PF-5; GROWTH; INFECTION; PATHWAY; GENE; REGULATOR AB Background: The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a well-established model organism for probing the molecular and cellular basis of physiological and immune system responses of adults or late stage larvae to bacterial challenge. However, very little is known about the consequences of bacterial infections that occur in earlier stages of development. We have infected mid-second instar larvae with strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens to determine how infection alters the ability of larvae to survive and complete development. Methodology/Principal Findings: We mimicked natural routes of infection using a non-invasive feeding procedure to study the toxicity of the three sequenced P. fluorescens strains (Pf0-1, SBW25, and Pf-5) to Drosophila melanogaster. Larvae fed with the three strains of P. fluorescens showed distinct differences in developmental trajectory and survival. Treatment with SBW25 caused a subset of insects to die concomitant with a systemic melanization reaction at larval, pupal or adult stages. Larvae fed with Pf-5 died in a dose-dependent manner with adult survivors showing eye and wing morphological defects. In addition, larvae in the Pf-5 treatment groups showed a dose-dependent delay in the onset of metamorphosis relative to control-, Pf0-1-, and SBW25-treated larvae. A functional gacA gene is required for the toxic properties of wild-type Pf-5 bacteria. Conclusions/Significance: These experiments are the first to demonstrate that ingestion of P. fluorescens bacteria by D. melanogaster larvae causes both lethal and non-lethal phenotypes, including delay in the onset of metamorphosis and morphological defects in surviving adult flies, which can be decoupled. C1 [Olcott, Marika H.; Rosen, Kise L.; Walker, Francesca L.; Taylor, Barbara J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Henkels, Marcella D.; Loper, Joyce E.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. [Loper, Joyce E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sneh, Baruch] Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Dept Mol Biol & Ecol Plants, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Olcott, MH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM taylorb@science.oregonstate.edu OI Loper, Joyce/0000-0003-3501-5969 FU United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2006-35319-17427, 2008-35600-18770]; National Institutes of Health [9RO1 GM085818-14A2] FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grants 2006-35319-17427 and 2008-35600-18770 from the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service to JEL and by National Institutes of Health Grant 9RO1 GM085818-14A2 to BJT. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 13 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 9 AR e12504 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0012504 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 648ZZ UT WOS:000281735700002 PM 20856932 ER PT J AU Tworkoski, TJ Glenn, DM AF Tworkoski, T. J. Glenn, D. M. TI Long-term effects of managed grass competition and two pruning methods on growth and yield of peach trees SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Prunus persica; Managed competition; Reduced pruning; Fruit size; Marketable yield ID SOD COMPETITION; VEGETATIVE GROWTH; FRUIT-QUALITY; DENSITY; ORCHARD; SHOOT AB Ground cover competition and tree training strongly affect development of newly planted peach trees and eventual productivity of peach orchards. This experiment characterized the long-term interactive effects of three levels of competition and two pruning criteria on yield, fruit size, and marketable yield efficiency. Trees of two cultivars ('Jersey Dawn', JD, and 'Redskin', RS, on Lovell) of peach (Prunus persica (L) Batsch) were planted in an orchard in 1993 and grown for 14 years in a vegetation free area (VFA) width of 0.6 or 2.4 m. A separate group of trees that were in the 2.4 m VFA had grass seeded beneath them in 1998 to obtain 0 m VFA. All trees were pruned to maintain canopy size with wide-angled scaffold limbs and intense pruning (IP) or upright branch form with reduced pruning (RP). In general, RS had greater yield than JD and yield was greatest in the 2.4 m VFA with RP and least in the 0.6 m VFA with IP. Cumulative marketable (>= 6.35 cm) and average annual total yield of both cultivars was similar for RP trees in 0 m VFA and IP trees in 2.4 m VFA's although more of the fruit were in the largest size class (>6.98 cm) in the IP trees. Reduced pruning increased crop load. Fruit weight decreased with increased crop load more in RS than JD and this response was similar for all VFA's within each cultivar. Grass competition tended to reduce both the number and weight of fruit per tree but the average weight of individual marketable fruit was reduced only in the 0.6 m VFA of RS. Tree size was reduced by grass competition and pruning times measured from 1995 to 2000 were less in RP than IP. Consequently, marketable yield efficiency of marketable fruit (grams fruit >= 6.35 cm/cm(2) trunk cross-sectional area, TCSA) measured from 2004 to 2007 was generally greater in trees with RP than IP and in the 0.6 than the 0 and 2.4 m VFA. The results indicate that persistent competition will reduce total annual yield per tree but with reduced pruning the concomitant increased crop load can help maintain marketable yield. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tworkoski, T. J.; Glenn, D. M.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Tworkoski, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tom.tworkoski@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD SEP 13 PY 2010 VL 126 IS 2 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2010.06.020 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 654WL UT WOS:000282201700009 ER PT J AU Bentz, BJ Regniere, J Fettig, CJ Hansen, EM Hayes, JL Hicke, JA Kelsey, RG Negron, JF Seybold, SJ AF Bentz, Barbara J. Regniere, Jacques Fettig, Christopher J. Hansen, E. Matthew Hayes, Jane L. Hicke, Jeffrey A. Kelsey, Rick G. Negron, Jose F. Seybold, Steven J. TI Climate Change and Bark Beetles of the Western United States and Canada: Direct and Indirect Effects SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cold tolerance; mountain pine beetle; seasonality; spruce beetle; temperature ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; SPRUCE BEETLES; DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE; INTERMOUNTAIN WEST; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; COLD-HARDINESS; NORTH-AMERICA; COLEOPTERA; TEMPERATURE; SCOLYTIDAE AB Climatic changes are predicted to significantly affect the frequency and severity of disturbances that shape forest ecosystems. We provide a synthesis of climate change effects on native bark beetles, important mortality agents of conifers in western North America. Because of differences in temperature-dependent life-history strategies, including cold-induced mortality and developmental timing, responses to warming will differ among and within bark beetle species. The success of bark beetle populations will also be influenced indirectly by the effects of climate on community associates and host-tree vigor, although little information is available to quantify these relationships. We used available population models and climate forecasts to explore the responses of two eruptive bark beetle species. Based on projected warming, increases in thermal regimes conducive to population success are predicted for Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) and Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, although there is considerable spatial and temporal variability. These predictions from population models suggest a movement of temperature suitability to higher latitudes and elevations and identify regions with a high potential for bark beetle outbreaks and associated tree mortality in the coming century. C1 [Bentz, Barbara J.; Hansen, E. Matthew] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT USA. [Regniere, Jacques] Canadian Forest Serv, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Fettig, Christopher J.; Seybold, Steven J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA USA. [Hayes, Jane L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR USA. [Hicke, Jeffrey A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Kelsey, Rick G.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Negron, Jose F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Bentz, BJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT USA. EM bbentz@fs.fed.us RI Hicke, Jeff/M-9677-2013 FU USDA Forest Service Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Prineville, Oregon FX This effort was facilitated by and coordinated through the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service Research and Development Western Bark Beetle Research Group, and was funded in part by the USDA Forest Service Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Prineville, Oregon. The CRCM data was generated and supplied by Ouranos. We thank Jim Vandygriff, Remi St-Amant, and Pierre Duval for assistance with map creation. Discussions with Robert Progar and John Lundquist and comments from Craig Allen and several anonymous reviewers greatly improved this article. NR 73 TC 347 Z9 356 U1 40 U2 258 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD SEP 10 PY 2010 VL 60 IS 8 BP 602 EP 613 DI 10.1525/bio.2010.60.8.6 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 643LZ UT WOS:000281299400006 ER PT J AU Nielsen, DC Halvorson, AD Vigil, MF AF Nielsen, David C. Halvorson, Ardell D. Vigil, Merle F. TI Critical precipitation period for dryland maize production SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Maize; Yield; Precipitation; Soil water ID SOIL-WATER AVAILABILITY; GREAT-PLAINS; CORN; SYSTEMS; WHEAT; YIELD; SIMULATION; ROTATIONS; FIELD AB Grain yields for dryland maize (Zen mays L) production in the semi-arid Great Plains of the United States can be unpredictable because of the erratic nature of growing season precipitation. Because of the high input costs for maize production, farmers need to have a tool that will help them assess the risk associated with dryland maize production. The objectives of this work were to determine the critical period for precipitation during the maize growing season and to develop a relationship between critical period precipitation and maize yield to use as a tool to quantify expected yield variability associated with dryland maize production in this region. Maize yield data were collected at Akron, CO from two dryland cropping systems experiments (1984-2009) in which maize was grown in a 3-year winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-maize-fallow rotation. Yields were correlated with weekly precipitation amounts from planting to harvest in search of the period of time in which yield was most influenced by precipitation. Soil water contents at planting were measured either by gravimetric sampling or by neutron attenuation. Yields were found to be most closely correlated with precipitation occurring during the 6-week period between 16 July and 26 August. The data separated into two linear relationships defined by whether the sum of available soil water at planting and May precipitation was less than or greater than 250 mm. These two linear relationships between precipitation during this critical period and yield were used with long-term precipitation records to determine the probability of obtaining a maize yield of at least 2500 kg ha(-1) (generally considered to be a break-even yield) at three locations across the central Great Plains precipitation gradient. This analysis quantified the production risk associated with the highly variable corn yields that result from erratic summer precipitation in this region. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nielsen, David C.; Vigil, Merle F.] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Halvorson, Ardell D.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Nielsen, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Cty Rd CC, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM david.nielsen@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD SEP 10 PY 2010 VL 118 IS 3 BP 259 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2010.06.004 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 639RS UT WOS:000280992800009 ER PT J AU Luo, YG He, QA McEvoy, JL AF Luo, Yaguang He, Qiang McEvoy, James L. TI Effect of Storage Temperature and Duration on the Behavior of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Packaged Fresh-Cut Salad Containing Romaine and Iceberg Lettuce SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE E; coli O157:H7; fresh-cut; lettuce; quality; temperature ID CROSS-CONTAMINATION; DOSE-RESPONSE; O157-H7; QUALITY; GROWTH; ATMOSPHERE; SURVIVAL; PRODUCE; WATER; VEGETABLES AB This study investigated the impact of storage temperature and duration on the fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on commercially packaged lettuce salads, and on product quality. Fresh-cut Romaine and Iceberg lettuce salads of different commercial brands were obtained from both retail and wholesale stores. The packages were cut open at one end, the lettuce salad inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 via a fine mist spray, and resealed with or without an initial N(2) flush to match the original package atmospheric levels. The products were stored at 5 and 12 degrees C until their labeled "Best If Used By" dates, and the microbial counts and product quality were monitored periodically. The results indicate that storage at 5 degrees C allowed E. coli O157:H7 to survive, but limited its growth, whereas storage at 12 degrees C facilitated the proliferation of E. coli O157:H7. There was more than 2.0 log CFU/g increase in E. coli O157:H7 populations on lettuce when held at 12 degrees C for 3 d, followed by additional growth during the remainder of the storage period. Although there was eventually a significant decline in visual quality of lettuce held at 12 degrees C, the quality of this lettuce was still fully acceptable when E. coli O157:H7 growth reached a statistically significant level. Therefore, maintaining fresh-cut products at 5 degrees C or below is critical for reducing the food safety risks as E. coli O157:H7 grows at a rapid, temperature-dependent rate prior to significant quality deterioration. Practical Application Specific information regarding the effect of temperature on pathogen growth on leafy greens is needed to develop science-based food safety guidelines and practices by the regulatory agencies and produce industry. Temperature control is commonly thought to promote quality of leafy greens, not safety, based at least partially on a theory that product quality deterioration precedes pathogen growth at elevated temperatures. This prevalent attitude results in temperature abuse incidents being frequently overlooked in the supply chain. This study demonstrates that human pathogens, such as E. coli O157:H7, can grow significantly on commercially packaged lettuce salads while the product's visual quality is fully acceptable. Packaged fresh-cut salads are marketed as "ready-to-eat" while lacking an effective pathogen kill step during their preparation. Thus, maintaining storage temperature at 5 degrees C or below is critical to prevent pathogen proliferation and mitigate food safety risks should pathogen contamination inadvertently occur during crop growth or postharvest fresh-cut processing. C1 [Luo, Yaguang; McEvoy, James L.] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [He, Qiang] Sichuan Univ, Dept Food Sci & Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China. RP Luo, YG (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, USDA, Bldg 002,Room 117,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Yaguang.Luo@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP 10 PY 2010 VL 75 IS 7 BP M390 EP M397 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01722.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 654PA UT WOS:000282179200015 PM 21535546 ER PT J AU Pham, AT Lee, JD Shannon, JG Bilyeu, KD AF Pham, Anh-Tung Lee, Jeong-Dong Shannon, J. Grover Bilyeu, Kristin D. TI Mutant alleles of FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B combine to produce soybeans with the high oleic acid seed oil trait SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OLEATE CONTENT; DESATURASE GENES; BRASSICA-NAPUS; M23; REGISTRATION; POPULATIONS; STABILITY; BIODIESEL; MARKERS; GENOME AB Background: The alteration of fatty acid profiles in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to improve soybean oil quality is an important and evolving theme in soybean research to meet nutritional needs and industrial criteria in the modern market. Soybean oil with elevated oleic acid is desirable because this monounsaturated fatty acid improves the nutrition and oxidative stability of the oil. Commodity soybean oil typically contains 20% oleic acid and the target for high oleic acid soybean oil is approximately 80% of the oil; previous conventional plant breeding research to raise the oleic acid level to just 50-60% of the oil was hindered by the genetic complexity and environmental instability of the trait. The objective of this work was to create the high oleic acid trait in soybeans by identifying and combining mutations in two delta-twelve fatty acid desaturase genes, FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B. Results: Three polymorphisms found in the FAD2-1B alleles of two soybean lines resulted in missense mutations. For each of the two soybean lines, there was one unique amino acid change within a highly conserved region of the protein. The mutant FAD2-1B alleles were associated with an increase in oleic acid levels, although the FAD2-1B mutant alleles alone were not capable of producing a high oleic acid phenotype. When existing FAD2-1A mutations were combined with the novel mutant FAD2-1B alleles, a high oleic acid phenotype was recovered only for those lines which were homozygous for both of the mutant alleles. Conclusions: We were able to produce conventional soybean lines with 80% oleic acid in the oil in two different ways, each requiring the contribution of only two genes. The high oleic acid soybean germplasm developed contained a desirable fatty acid profile, and it was stable in two production environments. The presumed causative sequence polymorphisms in the FAD2-1B alleles were developed into highly efficient molecular markers for tracking the mutant alleles. The resources described here for the creation of high oleic acid soybeans provide a framework to efficiently develop soybean varieties to meet changing market demands. C1 [Bilyeu, Kristin D.] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Pham, Anh-Tung] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lee, Jeong-Dong] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Div Plant Biosci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Shannon, J. Grover] Univ Missouri, Delta Res Ctr, Div Plant Sci, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. RP Bilyeu, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 110 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Kristin.Bilyeu@ars.usda.gov FU University of Missouri; United Soybean Board; Missouri Soybean Merchandising Council; USDA/ARS FX The authors wish to acknowledge excellent technical assistance provided by Paul Little and Christine Cole. Ed Cahoon provided the results for the recombinant functional expression of variant alleles of FAD2-1B. Funding for this research was provided by the University of Missouri, the United Soybean Board, the Missouri Soybean Merchandising Council, and USDA/ARS. NR 38 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 21 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD SEP 9 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 195 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-10-195 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 668DK UT WOS:000283248600001 PM 20828382 ER PT J AU Wassall, SR McCabe, MA Wassall, CD Adlof, RO Feller, SE AF Wassall, Stephen R. McCabe, M. Alan Wassall, Cynthia D. Adlof, Richard O. Feller, Scott E. TI Solid-State H-2 NMR and MD Simulations of Positional Isomers of a Monounsaturated Phospholipid Membrane: Structural Implications of Double Bond Location SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MACRORETICULAR EXCHANGE RESIN; HYDROCARBON CHAIN PACKING; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; LIPID-BILAYERS; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES; ORDER; UNSATURATION AB The impact that the position of double bonds has upon the properties of membranes is investigated using solid-state H-2 NMR and MD simulations to compare positional isomers of 1-palmitoyl-2-octadecenoylphos-phatidylcholine (16:0-18:1PC) bilayers that are otherwise identical apart from the location of a single cis double bond at the Delta(6), Delta(9), Delta(12), or Delta(15) position in the 18:1 sn-2 chain. Moment analysis of H-2 NMR spectra recorded for isomers perdeuterated in the 16:0 sn-1 chain reveals that average order parameters (S) over bar (CD) change by more than 35% and that the temperature for chain melting T-m varies by 40 degrees C. At equal temperature, the (S) over bar (CD) values exhibit a minimum, as do T-m values, when the double bond is in the middle of the 18:1 sn-2 chain and increase as it is shifted toward each end. Order parameter profiles generated from depaked ("dePaked") spectra for the 16:0 sn-1 chain all possess the same shape with a characteristic "plateau" region of slowly decreasing order in the upper portion before progressively decreasing more in the lower portion. The NMR results are interpreted on the basis of MD simulation results obtained on each of the four systems. The simulations support the idea that the order parameter changes reflect differences in molecular surface areas, and furthermore that the molecular areas are a function of the strength of the acyl chain attractions. C1 [Wassall, Stephen R.; McCabe, M. Alan; Wassall, Cynthia D.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Adlof, Richard O.] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Feller, Scott E.] Wabash Coll, Dept Chem, Crawfordsville, IN 47933 USA. RP Wassall, SR (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM swassall@iupui.edu FU American Chemical Society [25340-B4]; National Science Foundation [MCB-0950258] FX It is a pleasure to thank Jenifer L. Thewalt for sharing her results with us, and to acknowledge the contribution to this research from Stephen P. Schuh and Sherrel D. Harris. The work was supported by a grant from the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (25340-B4) to S.R.W. and a grant from the National Science Foundation (MCB-0950258) to S.E.F. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 9 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 35 BP 11474 EP 11483 DI 10.1021/jp105068g PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 686YQ UT WOS:000284738600015 PM 20707331 ER PT J AU Mayer, P Grimm, N Lepczyk, C Pickett, S Pouyat, R Warren, P AF Mayer, Paul Grimm, Nancy Lepczyk, Christopher Pickett, Steward Pouyat, Richard Warren, Paige TI Urban ecosystems research joins mainstream ecology SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 [Mayer, Paul] US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Grimm, Nancy] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Grimm, Nancy] Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ USA. [Lepczyk, Christopher] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI USA. [Pickett, Steward] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. [Pouyat, Richard] US Forest Serv, Res & Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Warren, Paige] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA USA. RP Mayer, P (reprint author), US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM mayer.paul@epa.gov RI Grimm, Nancy/D-2840-2009 OI Grimm, Nancy/0000-0001-9374-660X NR 0 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 50 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 9 PY 2010 VL 467 IS 7312 BP 153 EP 153 DI 10.1038/467153b PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 647KB UT WOS:000281616300014 PM 20829773 ER PT J AU Polyakov, VO Nearing, MA Nichols, MH Scott, RL Stone, JJ McClaran, MP AF Polyakov, V. O. Nearing, M. A. Nichols, M. H. Scott, R. L. Stone, J. J. McClaran, M. P. TI Long-term runoff and sediment yields from small semiarid watersheds in southern Arizona SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RANGELAND WATERSHEDS; VEGETATION CHANGE; EXTREME EVENTS; PRECIPITATION; RAINFALL; EROSION; SCALE; ENVIRONMENT; COVER; SPAIN AB This study presents analysis of 34 years of precipitation, runoff, and sediment data collected from eight small (1.1-4.0 ha) semiarid rangeland watersheds in southern Arizona, USA. Average annual precipitation ranged between 354 and 458 mm with 53% of the total rainfall occurring from July through September. Runoff depth was 3.5%-13.9% of annual precipitation depth for individual watersheds and 9.2% on average. Runoff events with missing sediment data were estimated to account for 30% of the total sediment yield. Sediment yields were highly variable, ranging between 0.85 t ha(-1) yr(-1) and 6.69 t ha(-1) yr(-1) with an average of 2.4 t ha(-1) yr(-1). Ten percent of rainfall events with the largest sediment yields produced over 50% of the total sediment yield during the 34 year period. Linear regression models were developed to relate precipitation and runoff characteristics to watershed sediment yield. Maximum 30 min precipitation intensity was the primary factor affecting runoff, and runoff was the best predictor for sediment yield, explaining up to 90% of its variability. Fire and drought may have significantly altered the hydrologic and sediment response on some of the watersheds, but lack of continuous monitoring of vegetation on the watershed areas complicated interpretation of both fire and grazing management effects. C1 [Polyakov, V. O.; Nearing, M. A.; Nichols, M. H.; Scott, R. L.; Stone, J. J.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [McClaran, M. P.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Polyakov, VO (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM viktor.polyakov@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 9 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W09512 DI 10.1029/2009WR009001 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 649HJ UT WOS:000281758700003 ER PT J AU Wenger, SJ Luce, CH Hamlet, AF Isaak, DJ Neville, HM AF Wenger, Seth J. Luce, Charles H. Hamlet, Alan F. Isaak, Daniel J. Neville, Helen M. TI Macroscale hydrologic modeling of ecologically relevant flow metrics SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ROUTING MODEL; VIC-2L MODEL; RIVER-BASIN; WATER; STREAMFLOW; TROUT AB Stream hydrology strongly affects the structure of aquatic communities. Changes to air temperature and precipitation driven by increased greenhouse gas concentrations are shifting timing and volume of streamflows potentially affecting these communities. The variable infiltration capacity (VIC) macroscale hydrologic model has been employed at regional scales to describe and forecast hydrologic changes but has been calibrated and applied mainly to large rivers. An important question is how well VIC runoff simulations serve to answer questions about hydrologic changes in smaller streams, which are important habitat for many fish species. To answer this question, we aggregated gridded VIC outputs within the drainage basins of 55 streamflow gages in the Pacific Northwest United States and compared modeled hydrographs and summary metrics to observations. For most streams, several ecologically relevant aspects of the hydrologic regime were accurately modeled, including center of flow timing, mean annual and summer flows and frequency of winter floods. Frequencies of high and low flows in the summer were not well predicted, however. Predictions were worse for sites with strong groundwater influence, and some sites showed errors that may result from limitations in the forcing climate data. Higher resolution (1/16th degree) modeling provided small improvements over lower resolution (1/8th degree). Despite some limitations, the VIC model appears capable of representing several ecologically relevant hydrologic characteristics in streams, making it a useful tool for understanding the effects of hydrology in delimiting species distributions and predicting the potential effects of climate shifts on aquatic organisms. C1 [Wenger, Seth J.; Neville, Helen M.] Trout Unlimited, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Luce, Charles H.; Isaak, Daniel J.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Hamlet, Alan F.] Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wenger, SJ (reprint author), Trout Unlimited, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 322 E Front St,Ste 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM swenger@tu.org RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008; Wenger, Seth/G-6594-2011 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662; FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's Keystone Initiative for Freshwater Fishes [2008-0087-000] FX This work was funded by grant 2008-0087-000 under the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's Keystone Initiative for Freshwater Fishes. The USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Boise Aquatic Sciences laboratory contributed logistical support. Bruce Rieman, Jason Dunham, and Kurt Fausch contributed to the selection of relevant hydrologic metrics. Additional VIC model assistance was provided by Marketa McGuire Elsner. This manuscript was improved by thoughtful comments from three anonymous reviewers. NR 65 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 9 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W09513 DI 10.1029/2009WR008839 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 649HJ UT WOS:000281758700002 ER PT J AU Meepagala, KM Schrader, KK Burandt, CL Wedge, DE Duke, SO AF Meepagala, Kumudini M. Schrader, Kevin K. Burandt, Charles L. Wedge, David E. Duke, Stephen O. TI New Class of Algicidal Compounds and Fungicidal Activities Derived from a Chromene Amide of Amyris texana SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Chromene amide; chromenes; algicide; fungicide ID SELECTIVE ALGICIDES; DERIVATIVES; ANALOGS; LEAVES AB A chromene amide, N-[2-(2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl)ethyl]-N,3-dimethylbutanamide, was isolated from the EtOAc extract of the leaves of Amyris texana and found to have moderate antifungal activity against Colletotrichum spp. and selective algicidal activity against Planktothrix perornata, a cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) that causes musty off-flavor in farm-raised channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). To improve the selective algicidal activity and provide water solubility, a series of chromene analogues were synthesized and evaluated for algicidal activity using a 96-well microplate rapid bioassay. In addition, the chromene analogues were evaluated for antifungal and phytotoxic activities. Hydrochloride salts of a chromene amine analogue showed improved water solubility and selectivity toward P. perornata with activity comparable to that of the naturally occurring chromene amide. C1 [Meepagala, Kumudini M.; Schrader, Kevin K.; Wedge, David E.; Duke, Stephen O.] ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. [Burandt, Charles L.] Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Meepagala, KM (reprint author), ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kmeepaga@olemiss.edu NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 8 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 17 BP 9476 EP 9482 DI 10.1021/jf101626g PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 643TK UT WOS:000281321900021 PM 20695429 ER PT J AU Li, ZQ Lee, KH Wang, YS Xin, JY Hao, WM AF Li, Zhanqing Lee, Kwon-Ho Wang, Yuesi Xin, Jinyuan Hao, Wei-Min TI First observation-based estimates of cloud-free aerosol radiative forcing across China SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; MEASURING MISSION SATELLITE; ENERGY SYSTEM INSTRUMENT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FLUX ESTIMATION; BLACK CARBON; ACE-ASIA; SURFACE; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE AB Heavy loading of aerosols in China is widely known, but little is known about their impact on regional radiation budgets, which is often expressed as aerosol radiative forcing (ARF). Cloud-free direct ARF has either been estimated by models across the region or determined at a handful of locations with aerosol and/or radiation measurements. In this study, ARF is determined at 25 stations distributed across China where aerosol optical thickness has been measured since 2004. In combination with the single-scattering albedo retrieved from ground and satellite measurements, ARF was determined at all the stations at the surface, inside the atmosphere, and at the top of atmosphere (TOA). Nationwide annual and diurnal mean ARF is found to be -15.7 +/- 8.9 at the surface, 0.3 +/- 1.6 at the TOA, and 16.0 +/- 9.2W m(-2) inside the atmosphere. These values imply that aerosols have very little impact on the atmosphere-surface system but substantially warm up the atmosphere at the expense of cooling the surface. The strong atmospheric absorption is likely to alter atmospheric thermodynamic conditions and thus affects circulation considerably. C1 [Li, Zhanqing; Lee, Kwon-Ho] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Hao, Wei-Min] US Forest Serv, RMRS Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Lee, Kwon-Ho] Kyungil Univ, Dept Satellite Geoinformat Engn, Geongsan 712701, Gyeongsangbuk D, South Korea. [Li, Zhanqing; Wang, Yuesi; Xin, Jinyuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Li, Zhanqing] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Atmospher Phys, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Li, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM zli@atmos.umd.edu RI 辛, 金元/F-7310-2012; Wang, ZF/D-7202-2012; Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010; OI 辛, 金元/0000-0003-4243-5072; Wang, ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012; Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X; Lee, Kwon-Ho/0000-0002-0844-5245 FU MOST [2006CB403706]; NASA [NNX08AH71G]; DOE [DEFG0208ER64571] FX The study was supported by funding from the MOST (2006CB403706), NASA (NNX08AH71G), and DOE (DEFG0208ER64571). NR 45 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 4 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00K18 DI 10.1029/2009JD013306 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646WG UT WOS:000281574200002 ER PT J AU Fang, Q Wang, L Zhu, JY Li, YM Song, QS Stanley, DW Akhtar, ZR Ye, GY AF Fang, Qi Wang, Lei Zhu, Jiaying Li, Yanmin Song, Qisheng Stanley, David W. Akhtar, Zunnu-raen Ye, Gongyin TI Expression of immune-response genes in lepidopteran host is suppressed by venom from an endoparasitoid, Pteromalus puparum SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID NASONIA-VITRIPENNIS HYMENOPTERA; WASP LEPTOPILINA-BOULARDI; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; CULTURED INSECT CELLS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; WALKER HYMENOPTERA; NONTARGET INSECTS; DIAMONDBACK MOTH; BOMBYX-MORI; DROSOPHILA AB Background: The relationships between parasitoids and their insect hosts have attracted attention at two levels. First, the basic biology of host-parasitoid interactions is of fundamental interest. Second, parasitoids are widely used as biological control agents in sustainable agricultural programs. Females of the gregarious endoparasitoid Pteromalus puparum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) inject venom along with eggs into their hosts. P. puparum does not inject polydnaviruses during oviposition. For this reason, P. puparum and its pupal host, the small white butterfly Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), comprise an excellent model system for studying the influence of an endoparasitoid venom on the biology of the pupal host. P. puparum venom suppresses the immunity of its host, although the suppressive mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we tested our hypothesis that P. puparum venom influences host gene expression in the two main immunity-conferring tissues, hemocytes and fat body. Results: At 1 h post-venom injection, we recorded significant decreases in transcript levels of 217 EST clones (revealing 113 genes identified in silico, including 62 unknown contigs) derived from forward subtractive libraries of host hemocytes and in transcript levels of 288 EST clones (221 genes identified in silico, including 123 unknown contigs) from libraries of host fat body. These genes are related to insect immune response, cytoskeleton, cell cycle and apoptosis, metabolism, transport, stress response and transcriptional and translational regulation. We verified the reliability of the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) data with semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of a set of randomly selected genes. This analysis showed that most of the selected genes were down-regulated after venom injection. Conclusions: Our findings support our hypothesis that P. puparum venom influences gene expression in host hemocytes and fat body. Specifically, the venom treatments led to reductions in expression of a large number of genes. Many of the down-regulated genes act in immunity, although others act in non-immune areas of host biology. We conclude that the actions of venom on host gene expression influence immunity as well as other aspects of host biology in ways that benefit the development and emergence of the next generation of parasitoids. C1 [Fang, Qi; Wang, Lei; Zhu, Jiaying; Li, Yanmin; Akhtar, Zunnu-raen; Ye, Gongyin] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Insect Sci, Minist Agr, State Key Lab Rice Biol, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Fang, Qi; Wang, Lei; Zhu, Jiaying; Li, Yanmin; Akhtar, Zunnu-raen; Ye, Gongyin] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Insect Sci, Minist Agr, Key Lab Mol Biol Crop Pathogens & Insects, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Song, Qisheng] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Stanley, David W.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Ye, GY (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Inst Insect Sci, Minist Agr, State Key Lab Rice Biol, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM chu@zju.edu.cn FU National Basic Research and Development Program of China [2006CB102005]; National Nature Science Foundation of China [30571251, 30971959]; Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [Z3090191]; Ministry of Education of China [IRT0535] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant no. 2006CB102005), the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 30571251 and 30971959), the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Z3090191), and the Innovation Research Team Program of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant no. IRT0535). NR 61 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 25 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD SEP 2 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 484 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-11-484 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 662EN UT WOS:000282790200001 PM 20813030 ER PT J AU Cornman, RS AF Cornman, R. Scott TI The Distribution of GYR- and YLP-Like Motifs in Drosophila Suggests a General Role in Cuticle Assembly and Other Protein-Protein Interactions SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CUTICULAR PROTEINS; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; BOMBYX-MORI; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; SILKMOTH CHORION; GENOME SEQUENCE; R CONSENSUS; ANNOTATION; SILKWORM; FAMILY AB Background: Arthropod cuticle is composed predominantly of a self-assembling matrix of chitin and protein. Genes encoding structural cuticular proteins are remarkably abundant in arthropod genomes, yet there has been no systematic survey of conserved motifs across cuticular protein families. Methodology/Principal Findings: Two short sequence motifs with conserved tyrosines were identified in Drosophila cuticular proteins that were similar to the GYR and YLP Interpro domains. These motifs were found in members of the CPR, Tweedle, CPF/CPFL, and (in Anopheles gambiae) CPLCG cuticular protein families, and the Dusky/Miniature family of cuticleassociated proteins. Tweedle proteins have a characteristic motif architecture that is shared with the Drosophila protein GCR1 and its orthologs in other species, suggesting that GCR1 is also cuticular. A resilin repeat, which has been shown to confer elasticity, matched one of the motifs; a number of other Drosophila proteins of unknown function exhibit a motif architecture similar to that of resilin. The motifs were also present in some proteins of the peritrophic matrix and the eggshell, suggesting molecular convergence among distinct extracellular matrices. More surprisingly, gene regulation, development, and proteolysis were statistically over-represented ontology terms for all non-cuticular matches in Drosophila. Searches against other arthropod genomes indicate that the motifs are taxonomically widespread. Conclusions: This survey suggests a more general definition for GYR and YLP motifs and reveals their contribution to several types of extracellular matrix. They may define sites of protein interaction with DNA or other proteins, based on ontology analysis. These results can help guide experimental studies on the biochemistry of cuticle assembly. C1 [Cornman, R. Scott] Univ Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Cornman, RS (reprint author), USDA, Bee Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM scott.cornman@gmail.com NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 2 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 9 AR e12536 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0012536 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 645RB UT WOS:000281480900019 ER PT J AU Taylor, GS Austin, AD Jennings, JT Purcell, MF Wheeler, GS AF Taylor, Gary S. Austin, Andy D. Jennings, John T. Purcell, Matthew F. Wheeler, Gregory S. TI Casuarinicola, a new genus of jumping plant lice (Hemiptera: Triozidae) from Casuarina (Casuarinaceae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE biogeography; host-plant association; new species; Psylloidea; Sheoak; Trioza ID TREE MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; CAV. BLAKE; HOST-RANGE; PSYLLIDAE; MOORE AB A new genus, Casuarinicola Taylor gen. nov., comprising five new species of jumping plant lice (Hemiptera: Triozidae) from Casuarina s.s. (Casuarinaceae) from Australia and New Caledonia, is described. New species are: C. australis Taylor sp. nov., C. nigrimaculatus Taylor sp. nov., C. mucronalatus Taylor sp. nov., C. novacaledonica Taylor sp. nov. and C. warrigalensis Taylor sp. nov. The genus is characterised by the following combination of characters: antenna short, 1.1-1.5 times width of head, genal processes short, conical, 0.2-0.5 times length of vertex, fore wing with broadly rounded to subangular apex, mottled with dark markings (in females of most species) or clear (in males of most species), male proctiger short, with broad lateral expansions, parameres simple, and female proctiger short, broadly rounded, pointed apically and with a pair of broad, flange-shaped lateral lobes. A key to species is provided, together with notes on host associations and distribution. C1 [Taylor, Gary S.; Austin, Andy D.; Jennings, John T.] Univ Adelaide, Australian Ctr Evolutionary Biol & Biodivers, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Taylor, Gary S.; Austin, Andy D.; Jennings, John T.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Purcell, Matthew F.] CSIRO Entomol, USDA ARS Australian Biol Control Lab, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. [Wheeler, Gregory S.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Taylor, GS (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Australian Ctr Evolutionary Biol & Biodivers, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. EM Gary.Taylor@adelaide.edu.au RI Purcell, Matthew/C-2098-2008 FU Australian Research Council [LP0776833]; Florida Department of Environmental Protection [SL849]; National Park Service South Florida Water Management District [3600001096]; Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS) [RF210-13] FX This work was funded by Australian Research Council Linkage Project LP0776833 to Andy Austin, John Jennings, Matt Purcell and Nancy Schellhorn, with the United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service - Office of International Research Programs, through the Australian Biological Control Laboratory, as the major Industry Partner. The support of the South Australian Museum as an additional Industry Partner is also gratefully acknowledged. We are also grateful to funds provided by Florida Department of Environmental Protection (# SL849), the National Park Service South Florida Water Management District (# 3600001096), and the Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS) National Taxonomy Research Grant Program (RF210-13). Field surveys were conducted under Scientific Licence S11102 in NSW, Permit WITK03058208 in Qld, Permit Z25579 in SA and Licence SF006669 in WA, and under a permit issued to Herve Jourdan, IRD, Noumea, New Caledonia. We thank Daniel Burckhardt, Entomologie, Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland, for the loan of specimens, and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 2 PY 2010 IS 2601 BP 1 EP 27 PG 27 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 645QU UT WOS:000281479900001 ER PT J AU Atibalentja, N Babadoost, M Noel, GR AF Atibalentja, Ndeme Babadoost, M. Noel, G. R. TI A MAGNETIC BEAD HYBRIDIZATION CAPTURE TECHNIQUE FOR THE DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF PASTEURIA NISHIZAWAE IN SOIL SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Atibalentja, Ndeme; Babadoost, M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Noel, G. R.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 5 BP 231 EP 231 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400012 ER PT J AU Carta, LK Handoo, ZA Carlson, WH AF Carta, Lynn K. Handoo, Z. A. Carlson, W. H. TI A NEW DIPLOSCAPTEROIDES (RHABDITIDA: RHABDITIDAE) FROM THE SURFACE OF AN ADULT FUNGUS GNAT (DIPTERA: SCIARIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carta, Lynn K.; Handoo, Z. A.] ARS BARC W, USDA, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Carlson, W. H.] APHIS PPQ, USDA, Blaine, WA 98230 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 21 BP 237 EP 237 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400028 ER PT J AU Chen, SY Lu, S Yu, H Mitchum, MG Wang, X AF Chen Shiyan Lu, S. Yu, H. Mitchum, M. G. Wang, X. TI DIVERSE CLE PEPTIDES FROM CYST NEMATODE SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chen Shiyan; Yu, H.; Wang, X.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lu, S.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Mitchum, M. G.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Mitchum, M. G.] Univ Missouri, Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Wang, X.] ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Chen, Shiyan/N-1832-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 24 BP 238 EP 238 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400031 ER PT J AU Davis, RF Chee, PW Lubbers, EL AF Davis, R. F. Chee, P. W. Lubbers, E. L. TI YIELD DRAG ASSOCIATED WITH RESISTANCE TO MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA IN HIGH-YIELDING COTTON GERMPLASM SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Davis, R. F.; Chee, P. W.; Lubbers, E. L.] ARS, USDA, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 29 BP 240 EP 240 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400036 ER PT J AU Donald, PA Tyler, DD AF Donald, P. A. Tyler, D. D. TI EFFECTS OF TILLAGE ON THE INTERACTION OF SOYBEAN RHIZOSPHERE ORGANISMS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Donald, P. A.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet Res Unit, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. [Tyler, D. D.] Univ Tennessee, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 31 BP 240 EP 241 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400038 ER PT J AU Hafez, SL Sundararaj, P Handoo, ZA AF Hafez, S. L. Sundararaj, P. Handoo, Z. A. TI DISTRIBUTION OF NEMATODES IN IDAHO CROPS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hafez, S. L.; Sundararaj, P.] Univ Idaho, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Handoo, Z. A.] ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 45 BP 245 EP 245 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400052 ER PT J AU Handoo, ZA Skantar, AM Chitwood, DJ Carta, LK AF Handoo, Zafar A. Skantar, A. M. Chitwood, D. J. Carta, L. K. TI FIRST REPORT OF THE CYST NEMATODE PUNCTODERA MATADORENSIS IN THE UNITED STATES SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Handoo, Zafar A.; Skantar, A. M.; Chitwood, D. J.; Carta, L. K.] ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 50 BP 246 EP 247 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400057 ER PT J AU Hewlett, TE Stetina, SR Schmidt, LM AF Hewlett, Thomas E. Stetina, S. R. Schmidt, L. M. TI RATE OF GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF IN VITRO PRODUCED PASTEURIA SPP. PARASITIZING ROTYLENCHULUS RENIFORMIS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hewlett, Thomas E.; Schmidt, L. M.] Pasteuria Biosci, Alachua, FL 32615 USA. [Stetina, S. R.] ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 52 BP 247 EP 248 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400059 ER PT J AU Jagdale, GB Brannen, PM Noe, JP Cline, B Nyczepir, AP AF Jagdale, Ganpati B. Brannen, P. M. Noe, J. P. Cline, B. Nyczepir, A. P. TI PATHOGENICITY OF RING NEMATODES: AN EMERGING PEST IN BLUEBERRIES (VACCINIUM SPP.) SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jagdale, Ganpati B.; Brannen, P. M.; Noe, J. P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Cline, B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Hort Res Stn, Castle Hayne, NC 28429 USA. [Nyczepir, A. P.] ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 56 BP 249 EP 249 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400063 ER PT J AU Masler, EP Rogers, ST AF Masler, Edward P. Rogers, S. T. TI HATCH DEPRESSION IN TWO SPECIES OF PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES: J2 FITNESS AND LEVEL OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO LOW TEMPERATURE SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Masler, Edward P.; Rogers, S. T.] ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 73 BP 255 EP 255 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400080 ER PT J AU Matsye, PD Showmaker, KC Hosseini, P Alkharouf, NW Lawrence, GW Matthews, BF Klink, VP AF Matsye, P. D. Showmaker, K. C. Hosseini, P. Alkharouf, N. W. Lawrence, G. W. Matthews, B. F. Klink, Vincent P. TI SYNCYTIUM GENE EXPRESSION IN GLYCINE MAX (PI 88788) ROOTS UNDERGOING A RESISTANT REACTION TO THE PARASITIC NEMATODE HETERODERA GLYCINES SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Matsye, P. D.; Klink, Vincent P.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Showmaker, K. C.; Lawrence, G. W.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Hosseini, P.; Alkharouf, N. W.] Towson Univ, Jess & Mildred Fisher Coll Sci & Math, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Matthews, B. F.] USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 74 BP 255 EP 256 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400081 ER PT J AU Meyer, SLF Zasada, IA Orisajo, SB AF Meyer, Susan L. F. Zasada, I. A. Orisajo, S. B. TI PHYTOTOXICITY OF MUSTARD SEED MEALS ALONE AND IN COMBINATIONS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Meyer, Susan L. F.] ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zasada, I. A.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Orisajo, S. B.] Cocoa Res Inst Nigeria, Crop Protect Div, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 82 BP 258 EP 258 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400089 ER PT J AU Moore, SR Lawrence, KS van Santen, E Arriaga, FJ AF Moore, S. R. Lawrence, K. S. van Santen, E. Arriaga, F. J. TI DOWNWARD MIGRATION OF ROTYLENCHULUS RENIFORMIS INFLUENCED BY WATER INFILTRATION AND COTTON ROOT GROWTH SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Moore, S. R.; Lawrence, K. S.] Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [van Santen, E.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Arriaga, F. J.] ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 84 BP 259 EP 259 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400091 ER PT J AU Navarre, R Kumar, S Zemetra, R AF Navarre, Roy Kumar, S. Zemetra, R. TI EVALUATING HATCHING FACTORS OF GLOBODERA PALLIDA AND TABACUM SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Navarre, Roy; Kumar, S.] ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Navarre, Roy; Zemetra, R.] Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 87 BP 260 EP 260 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400094 ER PT J AU Nyczepir, AP Meyer, SLF Cook, J AF Nyczepir, Andrew P. Meyer, S. L. F. Cook, J. TI PREPLANTING TALL FESCUE GRASS FOR CONTROLLING MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA IN A YOUNG PEACH ORCHARD SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nyczepir, Andrew P.] ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Meyer, S. L. F.] ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cook, J.] Univ Georgia, Cooperat Extens Serv, Butler, GA 31006 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 89 BP 261 EP 261 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400096 ER PT J AU Roberts, PA Wang, C Ulloa, M AF Roberts, Philip A. Wang, C. Ulloa, M. TI GENETIC AND PHYSICAL MAPPING OF MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA RESISTANCE ON CHROMOSOME 11 OF ACALA NEMX COTTON SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Roberts, Philip A.; Wang, C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Ulloa, M.] ARS, USDA, WICS, Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 104 BP 266 EP 266 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400111 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Lacey, LA AF Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Lacey, Lawrence A. TI NOVEL ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE FORMULATIONS AND TARGETS IN NORTH AMERICAN ORCHARDS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.] ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Lacey, Lawrence A.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98908 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 107 BP 267 EP 268 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400114 ER PT J AU Skantar, AM Handoo, ZA Carta, LK Chitwood, DJ AF Skantar, A. M. Handoo, Z. A. Carta, L. K. Chitwood, D. J. TI MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS OF POTATO CYST NEMATODES (PCN) FROM THE NATIONAL SURVEY SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Skantar, A. M.; Handoo, Z. A.; Carta, L. K.; Chitwood, D. J.] ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 109 BP 268 EP 268 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400116 ER PT J AU Skantar, AM Handoo, ZA Zanakis, GN Tzortzakakis, EA AF Skantar, A. M. Handoo, Z. A. Zanakis, G. N. Tzortzakakis, E. A. TI MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DESCRIPTION OF HETERODERA ZEAE FROM A CORN FIELD IN GREECE SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Skantar, A. M.; Handoo, Z. A.] ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zanakis, G. N.] Pioneer Hibred Hellas SA, Thessaloniki, Greece. [Tzortzakakis, E. A.] NAGREF, Nematol Lab, Inst Plant Protect, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 110 BP 268 EP 268 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400117 ER PT J AU Smiley, RW Pinkerton, JN Yan, GP Thompson, AL Gourlie, JA AF Smiley, Richard W. Pinkerton, J. N. Yan, G. P. Thompson, A. L. Gourlie, J. A. TI RESISTANCE OF WHEAT, BARLEY AND OAT TO FOUR PACIFIC NORTHWEST POPULATIONS OF HETERODERA AVENAE SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Smiley, Richard W.; Yan, G. P.; Thompson, A. L.; Gourlie, J. A.] Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Pinkerton, J. N.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 112 BP 269 EP 269 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400119 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Levi, A Ariss, JJ Kousik, CS Hassell, RL AF Thies, Judy A. Levi, A. Ariss, J. J. Kousik, C. S. Hassell, R. L. TI RESISTANT WILD WATERMELON ROOTSTOCKS USEFUL FOR MANAGING MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA IN GRAFTED WATERMELON SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thies, Judy A.; Levi, A.; Ariss, J. J.; Kousik, C. S.] ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Hassell, R. L.] Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 120 BP 272 EP 272 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400127 ER PT J AU Timper, P AF Timper, Patricia TI AN 11-YEAR FIELD STUDY WITH PASTEURIA PENETRANS: LESSONS LEARNED THE HARD WAY SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Timper, Patricia] USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 124 BP 274 EP 274 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400131 ER PT J AU Yan, GP Smiley, RW Okubara, PA AF Yan Guiping Smiley, R. W. Okubara, P. A. TI IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF PRATYLENCHUS NEGLECTUS AND P. THORNEI FROM SOILS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST USING REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yan Guiping; Smiley, R. W.] Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Okubara, P. A.] USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 134 BP 277 EP 278 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400141 ER PT J AU Zasada, IA Forge, TA AF Zasada, Inga A. Forge, T. A. TI IDENTIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF PRATYLENCHUS SPP. ON BLUEBERRIES SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zasada, Inga A.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Forge, T. A.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agrifood Res Ctr, Agassiz, BC VOM 1A0, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 MA 135 BP 278 EP 278 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 792BL UT WOS:000292715400142 ER PT J AU Piaggio, AJ Clark, L Franklin, AB Kolokotronis, SO AF Piaggio, Antoinette J. Clark, Larry Franklin, Alan B. Kolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis TI Wild Bird's-Eye View of Influenza Virus A(H1N1) Phylogenetic Evolution (vol 6, pg 346, 2009) SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Correction C1 [Piaggio, Antoinette J.; Clark, Larry; Franklin, Alan B.] Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Kolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Sackler Inst Comparat Genom, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Piaggio, AJ (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Toni.J.Piaggio@aphis.usda.gov RI Kolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis/A-1910-2009 OI Kolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis/0000-0003-3309-8465 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD SEP PY 2010 VL 7 IS 3 BP 408 EP 409 DI 10.1007/s10393-010-0363-5 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 752IT UT WOS:000289685500016 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Marcot, BG Talukdar, G AF Kumar, A. Marcot, B. G. Talukdar, G. TI Designing a Protected Area Network for Conservation Planning in Jhum Landscapes of Garo Hills, Meghalaya SO JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN SOCIETY OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Garo Hills; North-east India; Protected area network; Wildlife corridors; Zone of influence; Shifting cultivation; Jhum ID BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; FORESTS; PATTERN AB We studied vegetation and land cover characteristics within the existing array of protected areas (PAs) in South Garo Hills of Meghalaya, northeast India and introduce the concept of protected area network (PAN) and methods to determine linkages of forests among existing PAs. We describe and analyse potential elements of a PAN, including PAs, reserved forests, surrounding buffers as zones of influence, and connecting forest corridors, which collectively can provide old-forest habitat for wildlife species linked across a landscape dominated by jhum (shifting cultivation) agriculture. ANOVA and Chi-square analyses of patch characteristics and forest tree diversity suggested the presence of equally species-rich and diverse old forest cover (tropical evergreen, semi-evergreen and deciduous forest types) in portions of unprotected private and community owned land, which could be designated as additions to, and network linkages among, existing PAs. Such additions and linkages would help provide for conservation of elephants and existing native forest biodiversity and would constitute a PAN in the region. Most (80%) of the total forest cover of the region belongs to private or community owned land. Therefore, such additions could be formally recognized under the aegis of the 2003 amendments of the Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972, which include provisions to designate selected forest patches within private lands as Community Reserves. C1 [Kumar, A.] JalaSRI Watershed Surveillance & Res Inst, Jalgaon 425002, Maharashtra, India. [Marcot, B. G.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Talukdar, G.] Wildlife Inst India, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), JalaSRI Watershed Surveillance & Res Inst, MJ Coll Campus, Jalgaon 425002, Maharashtra, India. EM ask.jalasri@gmail.com FU US Forest Service FX We thank V. B. Sawarkar, P. S. Roy, Ajai Saxena, A. K. Gupta, P. K. Mathur and S. P. Singh for their help, support and guidance for this study. We gratefully acknowledge the field support of officials especially T. T. C. Marak, Atul K. Saxena, S.N. Sangama and frontline staff from State Forest Department of Meghalaya and the Project field staff, James Marak. Funding support from US Forest Service and facilitation by Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun and JalaSRI Watershed Surveillance and Research Institute, Jalgaon are much appreciated. We also appreciate the expert comments from two anonymous reviewers to help improve the quality of our manuscript. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0255-660X J9 J INDIAN SOC REMOT JI J. Indian Soc. Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 38 IS 3 BP 501 EP 512 DI 10.1007/s12524-010-0035-5 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA 735OM UT WOS:000288426800011 ER PT J AU Lockhart, BR Guldin, JM Foti, T AF Lockhart, Brian Roy Guldin, James M. Foti, Thomas TI Tree Species Composition and Structure in an Old Bottomland Hardwood Forest in South-Central Arkansas SO CASTANEA LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; WOODY VEGETATION; PREDICTIVE MODEL; ANCIENT FORESTS; COASTAL-PLAIN; GROWTH; SILVICULTURE; DISTURBANCE; EXTENSION; PATTERNS AB Tree species composition and structure was determined for an old bottomland hardwood forest located in the Moro Creek Bottoms Natural Area in south-central Arkansas. Diversity for this forest was high with species richness ranging from 33 for the overstory and sapling strata to 26 for the seedling stratum and Shannon-Weiner values of 2.54 to 1.02 for the overstory and seedling strata. Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) and oaks (Quercus spp.) dominated the overstory stratum with 66 percent of the importance values. American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana Walter) dominated the midstory and sapling strata with 32 and 42 percent of the importance values. Despite the large tree sizes and ages of several trees, comparison of the forest with models of bottomland hardwood succession and eastern United States old-growth definitions indicate the forest can best be described as old pioneer in transition to changing old growth. C1 [Lockhart, Brian Roy] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Guldin, James M.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. [Foti, Thomas] Arkansas Nat Heritage Commiss, Little Rock, AR 72201 USA. RP Lockhart, BR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM blockhart@fs.fed.us FU Arkansas Forest Resources Center, University of Arkansas, Monticello, Arkansas FX We thank Diane De Steven, Margaret Devall, Emile Gardiner, Tracy Hawkins, John Hodges, Neill Hunter, James Kellum, Hal Leichty, Philip Tappe, and Lynne Thompson for constructive reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript. Support for this work was provided by the Arkansas Forest Resources Center, University of Arkansas, Monticello, Arkansas. NR 77 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BOTANICAL SOC, NEWBERRY COLL PI NEWBERRY PA DEPT BIOLOGY, C/O CHARLES N HORN, SECRETARY-TREASURER, 2100 COLLEGE ST, NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA SN 0008-7475 J9 CASTANEA JI Castanea PD SEP PY 2010 VL 75 IS 3 BP 315 EP 329 DI 10.2179/08-028.1 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 679RC UT WOS:000284177500004 ER PT J AU Zobiole, LHS Bonini, EA de Oliveira, RS Kremer, RJ Ferrarese, O AF Saes Zobiole, Luiz Henrique Bonini, Edicleia Aparecida de Oliveira, Rubem Silverio, Jr. Kremer, Robert John Ferrarese-Filho, Osvaldo TI Glyphosate affects lignin content and amino acid production in glyphosate-resistant soybean SO ACTA PHYSIOLOGIAE PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE Glyphosate-resistant soybean; Glyphosate; Lignin; Photosynthesis ID MAX L. MERR.; AMINOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID; BIOSYNTHESIS; CHLOROPHYLL; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LIGNIFICATION; METABOLISM; INHIBITORS; SYNTHASE; PLANTS AB Farmers report that some glyphosate-resistant soybean varieties are visually injured by glyphosate. Glyphosate is the main herbicide that directly affects the synthesis of secondary compounds. In this work, we evaluated the effect of increasing rates of glyphosate on lignin and amino acid content, photosynthetic parameters and dry biomass in the early maturity group cultivar BRS 242 GR soybean. Plants were grown in half-strength complete nutrient solution and subjected to various rates of glyphosate either as a single or in sequential applications. All parameters evaluated were affected by increasing glyphosate rates. The effects were more pronounced as glyphosate rates increased, and were more intense with a single total application than sequential applications at lower rates. C1 [Saes Zobiole, Luiz Henrique; de Oliveira, Rubem Silverio, Jr.] State Univ Maringa UEM, Ctr Adv Studies Weed Res NAPD, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. [Bonini, Edicleia Aparecida; Ferrarese-Filho, Osvaldo] Univ Maringa, Dept Biochem, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. [Kremer, Robert John] ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Zobiole, LHS (reprint author), State Univ Maringa UEM, Ctr Adv Studies Weed Res NAPD, Colombo Av 5790, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. EM lhzobiole@uol.com.br RI Ferrarese-Filho, Osvaldo/J-1829-2012; 2, INCT/G-6506-2013; Bioetanol, Inct/I-1068-2013; Oliveira Jr, Rubem/H-1680-2012 OI Oliveira Jr, Rubem/0000-0002-5222-8010 FU National Council for Scientific and Technology Development (CNPq) FX We thank the National Council for Scientific and Technology Development (CNPq), for the scholarship and financial support for this research. R. S. Oliveira Jr and O. Ferrarese-Filho are research fellows of CNPq. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0137-5881 J9 ACTA PHYSIOL PLANT JI Acta Physiol. Plant. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 32 IS 5 BP 831 EP 837 DI 10.1007/s11738-010-0467-0 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 638QF UT WOS:000280909100002 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS Leytem, AB Verwey, SA Bjorneberg, DL AF Dungan, Robert S. Leytem, April B. Verwey, Sheryl A. Bjorneberg, David L. TI Assessment of bioaerosols at a concentrated dairy operation SO AEROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Airborne bacteria and fungi; Bioaerosols; CAFOs; Dairy; Impaction; Impingement; Polymerase chain reaction ID ANIMAL-FEEDING OPERATIONS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; AIRBORNE MICROORGANISMS; METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS; TREATMENT PLANTS; BACTERIA; ENDOTOXIN; SURVIVAL; IMPACT; FUNGI AB Increased bioaerosol loadings in downwind plumes from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) may increase the risk for allergy and infection in humans. In this study, we monitored airborne concentrations of culturable bacteria and fungi at upwind (background) and downwind sites at a 10,000 milking cow dairy over the course of a year. The average bacterial concentrations at the upwind site were 8.4 x 10(3) colony forming units (CFU) m(-3) and increased to 9.9 x 10(5) CFU m(-3) at the downwind edge of the cattle lots, decreasing to 6.3 x 10(4) CFU m(-3) 200 m farther downwind. At the same sites, the average fungal concentrations were 515, 945, and 1,010 CFU m(-3), respectively. Significant correlations between the ambient weather conditions and airborne fungal and bacterial concentrations were identified. Sequence analysis of PCR-amplified DNA from bacterial clones and fungal isolates revealed genus and species level differences between upwind and downwind sites. Although we could not cultivate gram-negative bacteria, bacterial clones at downwind sites identified as being gram-negative matched with the following genera: Acinetobacter, Bradyrhizobium, Escherichia, Idiomarina, Methylobacterium, Ralstonia, and Novosphingobium. Fungal isolates from downwind matched with the following genera: Acremonium, Alternaria, Ascomycte, Aspergillus, Basidiomycete, Cladosporium, Davidiella, Doratomyces, Emericella, Lewia, Onygenales, Penicillium, Rhizopus, and Ulocladium. None of the bacterial and fungal sequence matches were affiliated with genera and species known to be pathogenic to humans. Overall, the data suggest that exposure to bioaerosols in the downwind environment decreases with increasing distance from the open-lot dairy. C1 [Dungan, Robert S.; Leytem, April B.; Verwey, Sheryl A.; Bjorneberg, David L.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM robert.dungan@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-5965 J9 AEROBIOLOGIA JI Aerobiologia PD SEP PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 171 EP 184 DI 10.1007/s10453-010-9154-2 PG 14 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 634OW UT WOS:000280593800001 ER PT J AU van der Westhuizen, L Neser, S Balciunas, JK AF van der Westhuizen, L. Neser, S. Balciunas, J. K. TI Biology and laboratory host range of the moth, Diota rostrata (Wallengren) (Noctuidae: Arctiinae), a natural enemy of Cape ivy SO AFRICAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asteraceae; biological control; Delairea odorata; host specificity; Lepidoptera; life history; Senecio spp. AB Delairea odorata Lemaire (Cape ivy) (Asteraceae) has become naturalized and invasive in many countries including the United States of America where biological control is being considered as a long-term solution to managing this invasive vine. Extensive surveys throughout the natural range of D. odorata in South Africa revealed a large arthropod fauna associated with the plant. Amongst the herbivorous insects showing potential as possible biological control candidates was Diota rostrata (Wallengren) (Noctuidae: Arctiinae), a widespread defoliating moth. Although D. rostrata is highly fecund with a short life cycle, laboratory host range tests indicated that the moth had a wide host range that included other Senecio spp. with soft or fleshy leaves. Although all further testing was terminated, the study contributes towards a better understanding of the biology and host preferences of D. rostrata. C1 [van der Westhuizen, L.; Neser, S.] ARC Plant Protect Res Inst, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [Balciunas, J. K.] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP van der Westhuizen, L (reprint author), ARC Plant Protect Res Inst, Private Bag X134, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. EM vdwesthuizenl@arc.agric.za FU California Invasive Plant Council; California Native Plant Society; USDA; ARS-EIW FX The following are gratefully thanked: J. Wing and M. Byrne, University of the Witwatersrand, for providing some preliminary biological data; the California Invasive Plant Council, the California Native Plant Society, USDA, ARS-EIW, and concerned private citizens of California for helping to fund this research. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC SOUTHERN AFRICA PI HATFIELD PA PO BOX 13162, HATFIELD 0028, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1021-3589 J9 AFR ENTOMOL JI Afr. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 18 IS 2 BP 246 EP 252 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 687PP UT WOS:000284790700003 ER PT J AU Baquedano, FG Sanders, JH Vitale, J AF Baquedano, Felix G. Sanders, John H. Vitale, Jeffrey TI Increasing incomes of Malian cotton farmers: Is elimination of US subsidies the only solution? SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE US cotton subsidies; Bt cotton; Improved sorghum technology and marketing; Mali AB In a WTO battle and the press the argument is often made that eliminating US cotton subsidies would have a large effect on the incomes and competitive position of farmers in developing countries. In Francophone West Africa cotton productivity has stagnated after rapid gains in the first two decades following independence (1960-1980). A farm model was constructed based on farmers' definition of their decision-making framework which they use to respond to income and weather risks. With this model the effects on farmers of eliminating US subsidies are compared with various productivity increasing measures for cotton and sorghum in Dioila, Mali. Dioila is located in a representative cotton region producing 16% of the cotton in Mali. We include sorghum due to its importance for consumption and the observation of Malian farmers substituting cereals (sorghum and maize) for cotton as the returns to cotton have fallen in the 21st Century. In the farm model, the elasticity of transmission of a change in the world cotton price to the farm gate price is taken into account. The gains from eliminating US subsides are small. In contrast, the various technological alternatives including Bt cotton introduction, the use of higher fertilization levels for cotton, and the introduction of improved sorghum cultivars and moderate fertilization along with a marketing package all have substantially higher returns Even with substantial improvement in the mechanisms enabling farmers to benefit from the higher prices resulting from elimination of US subsidies, there are still much higher returns resulting from the various types of productivity increases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Baquedano, Felix G.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Sanders, John H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr Econ, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Vitale, Jeffrey] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Baquedano, FG (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW,Rm 5168, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM fbaquedano@ers.usda.gov; jsander1@purdue.edu; jeffrey.vitale@okstate.edu NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 103 IS 7 BP 418 EP 432 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2010.03.013 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 639JP UT WOS:000280971400002 ER PT J AU O'Shaughnessy, SA Evett, SR AF O'Shaughnessy, S. A. Evett, S. R. TI Canopy temperature based system effectively schedules and controls center pivot irrigation of cotton SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Automatic irrigation scheduling; Cotton; Time temperature threshold ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; STRESS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; RESPONSES AB Cotton is a perennial plant with an indeterminate growth pattern that is typically produced like an annual, but requires proper management to effectively produce high yields and good fiber quality in a thermally limited environment like the northern Texas High Plains. In 2007 and 2008, we investigated the effect of irrigation scheduling/control method and amount on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) yield and water use efficiency. Methods were automatic irrigation scheduling and control of a center pivot system, and manually scheduled irrigation to replenish soil-water to field capacity. Cotton was irrigated with LEPA (low energy, precision application) drag socks in furrow dikes; three blocks were irrigated manually and three were irrigated automatically. Six replicates of the manual and automatic irrigation treatments were included in the randomized block design. Manual irrigations were based on the weekly replenishment of soil-water to field capacity in the top 1.5 m of the soil profile and included a fully irrigated treatment (I(100)), and treatments receiving 67% (I(67)) and 33% (I(33)) of the I(100) amount, plus a non-irrigated treatment (I(0)). Automatic irrigations were triggered using a time temperature threshold (TTT) algorithm, which was designated as the I(100) treatment, and treatments receiving 67%, 33%, and 0% of that amount (I(67), I(33) and I(0), respectively). In 2007, overall mean lint yields (102.3 and 101.6g m(-2), manual and automatic, respectively) were not significantly different. Similarly, yields were not significantly different across automatic and manual treatments in the same treatment level, with the exception of the I(67) treatment where the manual treatment yields were 11% greater. In 2008, the mean yields were 70% less than those in 2007 for both methods of irrigation (30.3 and 30.9 g m(-2). manual and automatic, respectively) due to harsh climatic conditions at emergence and heavy rainfall and cooler temperatures in the month of August. Yields from the automatically irrigated plots in the I(100) and I(67) treatments, however, were significantly greater than yields from the corresponding manually irrigated plots; though there was no significant difference between yields in the drier treatments (I(33) and I(0)) plots. These results indicate that the M algorithm is a promising method for auto-irrigation scheduling of short season cotton in an arid region. However, further studies are essential to demonstrate consistent positive outcomes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [O'Shaughnessy, S. A.; Evett, S. R.] USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP O'Shaughnessy, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, PO Drawer 10,2300 Expt Stn Rd, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM susan.oshaughnessy@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University; West Texas AM University FX The authors appreciate the dedicated work performed by Brice Ruthardt, Biological Science Technician, USDA-ARS, Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, TX, and funding for this project from the Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 97 IS 9 BP 1310 EP 1316 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2010.03.012 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 617JT UT WOS:000279277700010 ER PT J AU Pettigrew, WT AF Pettigrew, William T. TI Impact of Varying Planting Dates and Irrigation Regimes on Cotton Growth and Lint Yield Production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FIBER QUALITY; COMPONENTS AB Yield enhancements can be obtained in the Mississippi Delta by planting irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) during the first week of April rather than the first week of May. Because some late season drought stress is avoided, early planting might also work for dryland production. Objectives were to compare the performance of early and normal planted cotton while grown under both irrigated and dryland conditions. Six cotton cultivars were planted in the field at Stoneville, MS during either the first week of April (Early) or the first week of May (Normal) in 2005 to 2008. Half the plots were irrigated and half were dryland. Dry matter partitioning, light interception, flowering, lint yield, yield components, and fiber quality data were collected. With the exception of the hurricane-plagued season of 2005, irrigation increased lint yield regardless of planting date. In 2006 and 2007, early planting increased lint yield by 13% under irrigated conditions, but not dryland conditions. Early planting decreased dryland lint yield by 35% in 2008 but not under irrigated conditions. Fiber from normal planted cotton was 5% stronger than from those early planted. Both early planting and dryland conditions had a propensity to increase the short fiber content. Based on the 4 yr of this research, early planting appears to need irrigation to achieve its yield benefits, which implies that dryland Mississippi Delta cotton producers should not adopt an early planting production strategy. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Pettigrew, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bill.pettigrew@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1379 EP 1387 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0172 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654HM UT WOS:000282159100007 ER PT J AU Holland, KH Schepers, JS AF Holland, K. H. Schepers, J. S. TI Derivation of a Variable Rate Nitrogen Application Model for In-Season Fertilization of Corn SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL; MANAGEMENT; ALGORITHM AB Nitrogen fertilizers used in crop production contribute to pollution of groundwater by nitrate and occurrence of hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Economic and environmental pressures arc forcing producers to improve N use efficiency. The objective of this study was to develop a production-based in-season N recommendation model for use with crop canopy sensors and remote sensing data. The approach is based on the general shape of an N fertilizer response function (sensor index vs. N rate) and the relationship between N rate and in-season crop vegetation index data. Transformation and substitution techniques were used to generate a simple function that offers an N fertilizer recommendation based on spatially variable in-season remote sensing data and established local crop production information such as the economic optimum N rate or producer defined optimum N rate. The model accommodates management zones, preplant N applications, manure mineralization, legume credits, nitrate in irrigation water, and crop growth stage. Estimates of potential yield are not needed. Instead the method relics on production information provided by the user and the generalized shape of the fertilizer N response function. Testing the model with SPAD chlorophyll meter data from irrigated corn showed that the recommended fertilizer N rate plus preplant N rate totaled 184, 164, 186, 188, and 200 kg ha(-1) for preplant N rates of 0, 50,100, 150, and 200 kg N ha(-1) when averaged across growth stages for 3 yr. C1 [Holland, K. H.] Holland Sci Inc, Lincoln, NE 68516 USA. [Schepers, J. S.] USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Holland, KH (reprint author), Holland Sci Inc, 6001 S 58th St, Lincoln, NE 68516 USA. EM kholland@hollandscientific.com NR 12 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1415 EP 1424 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0015 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654HM UT WOS:000282159100011 ER PT J AU Mulvaney, MJ Wood, CW Balkcom, KS Shannon, DA Kemble, JM AF Mulvaney, M. J. Wood, C. W. Balkcom, K. S. Shannon, D. A. Kemble, J. M. TI Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization and Persistence of Organic Residues under Conservation and Conventional Tillage SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WEED-CONTROL; VEGETABLE PRODUCTION; FARMING SYSTEMS; SOIL; DECOMPOSITION; MULCHES; YIELD; MANAGEMENT; RELEASE; EROSION AB A combination of high biomass cover crops with organic mulches may be an option for no-till vegetable production, but information on mineralization rates from these residues is lacking. The objective of this study was to assess nutrient release rates and persistence from mimosa (Albizia julibrissin Durazz.), lespedeza [Lespedeza cuneata Dum. Cours.) G. Don], oat (Avena sativa L.) straw, and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] residues under conventional and conservation tillage. The experiment was conducted in Tallassee, AL using litterbag methodology in a split-plot design (main plots: two tillage systems; subplots: four residue types). Comparison of rate constants showed that labile portions of residues was more affected by tillage than recalcitrant portions. In spring, mimosa residue contained 78 kg N ha(-1) when buried the previous fall, compared to 123 kg N ha(-1) when surface placed; soybean residue showed similar results (39 vs. 72 kg N ha(-1), respectively). Results were similar for lespedeza (72 vs. 101 kg N ha(-1), respectively), but not for oat straw (24 vs. 26 kg N ha(-1), respectively). After 1 yr, surface placed mimosa residue mineralized 33% of initial N compared to 71% when buried, while surface placed lespedeza mineralized 36% of initial N compared to 64% when buried. Soybean residue mineralized N quickly regardless of placement (73 vs. 87%, respectively). This study demonstrates that cut-and-carry mulches may be used under conservation tillage for the enhancement of soil organic matter (SOM), soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil N status. C1 [Mulvaney, M. J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Sustainable Agr & Nat Resources Management Collab, OIRED, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Wood, C. W.; Shannon, D. A.] Auburn Univ, Dep Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Balkcom, K. S.] Auburn Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kemble, J. M.] Auburn Univ, Dep Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Mulvaney, MJ (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Sustainable Agr & Nat Resources Management Collab, OIRED, 526 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM mulvamj@vt.edu FU Southern Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE); Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources Management [EPP-A-00-04-00013-00] FX The authors would like to thank the Southern Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) for their financial support of this research. This publication was made possible by the United States Agency for International Development and the generous support of the American People for the Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources Management Collaborative Research Support Program under terms of Cooperative Agreement no. EPP-A-00-04-00013-00 to the Office of International Research, Education, and Development at Virginia Tech. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 42 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1425 EP 1433 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0129 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654HM UT WOS:000282159100012 ER PT J AU Wienhold, BJ Gilley, JE AF Wienhold, Brian J. Gilley, John E. TI Cob Removal Effect on Sediment and Runoff Nutrient Loss from a Silt Loam Soil SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CORN STOVER; RESIDUE REMOVAL; CROP RESIDUES; HARVEST; CARBON; GRAIN AB The cob fraction of corn (Zea mays L.) residue has been identified as a potential feedstock for ethanol production. However, the role of the cob in soil and water conservation is largely unknown. A rainfall simulator study was conducted in an irrigated corn field in Nebraska having replicated strips where corn residue was removed (6.0 +/- 1.0 Mg ha(-1) residue remaining, 49.5% cover) or retained (12.9 +/- 1.0 Mg ha(-1) residue remaining, 77% cover). Duplicate plots were installed in each strip and cobs were removed from one and retained in the other. Simulated rainfall was applied for 30 min at a mean rate of 83 mm h(-1) to plots at antecedent moisture and 24 h later at near saturated soil moisture conditions. Time to initiate runoff, runoff and sediment loss, and water quality parameters were measured. Residue removal reduced the time to initiate runoff (195.9 +/- 1.0 vs. 239.5 +/- 4.8 s) and increased sediment loss (0.36 +/- 0.02 Mg ha(-1) vs. 0.27 +/- 0.01 Mg ha(-1)). Cob removal reduced time to initiate runoff during the antecedent run but not during the saturated run. Residue removal and rainfall treatment (antecedent vs. saturated) affected runoff water quality parameters (NO(3)-N concentration, pH, soluble P concentration, and NO(3)-N loss). Cob removal did not affect runoff, sediment loss, runoff pH, NO(3)-N, NH(4)-N, or soluble P loss. Cob removal when adequate stover was retained did not negatively affect erosion and runoff nutrient loss at this site. C1 [Wienhold, Brian J.; Gilley, John E.] USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Wienhold, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Brian.Wienhold@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1448 EP 1452 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0202 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654HM UT WOS:000282159100015 ER PT J AU Saseendran, SA Nielsen, DC Ma, LW Ahuja, LR Vigil, MF AF Saseendran, S. A. Nielsen, David C. Ma, Liwang Ahuja, Laj R. Vigil, Merle F. TI Simulating Alternative Dryland Rotational Cropping Systems in the Central Great Plains with RZWQM2 SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; MODELING NITROGEN; SOIL-WATER; FALLOW; DSSAT; YIELD AB Long-term crop rotation effects on crop water use and yield have been investigated in the Central Great Plains since the 1990s. System models are needed to synthesize these long-term results for making management decisions and for transferring localized data to other conditions. The objectives of this study were to calibrate a cropping systems model (RZWQM2 with the DSSAT v4.0 crop modules) for dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) production in the wheat-corn-millet (WCM) rotation from 1995 to 2008, and then to evaluate the model from 1992-2008 for two additional rotations, wheat-fallow (WF) and wheat-corn-fallow (WCF) on a Weld silt loam soil under no-till conditions. Measured biomass and grain yield for the above three rotations were simulated reasonably well with root mean squared errors (RMSEs) ranging between 1147 and 2547 kg ha(-1) for biomass, and between 280 and 618 kg ha(-1) for grain yield. Corresponding index of agreement (d) ranged between 0.70 and 0.95 for biomass, and between 0.87 and 0.97 for grain yield. The validated model was further used to evaluate two additional crop rotations: wheat-millet-fallow (WMF) and wheat-corn-millet-fallow (WCMF) (1993-2008) without prior knowledge of the two rotations. We found that the model simulated the mean and range of yield and biomass of the three crops well. These results demonstrated that RZWQM2 can be used to synthesize long-term crop rotation data and to predict crop rotation effects on crop production under the semiarid conditions of eastern Colorado. C1 [Saseendran, S. A.; Ma, Liwang; Ahuja, Laj R.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Nielsen, David C.; Vigil, Merle F.] USDA ARS, CGPRS, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Ma, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Liwang.Ma@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 27 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1521 EP 1534 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0141 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654HM UT WOS:000282159100023 ER PT J AU Charnley, S Durham, WH AF Charnley, Susan Durham, William H. TI Anthropology and Environmental Policy: What Counts? SO AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE environmental anthropology; environmental policy; quantitative methods; Amazonia; Polonoroeste ID AMAZON BASIN; BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA; DEFORESTATION; RONDONIA; MALARIA; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; BANKS; AREAS AB In this article, we call for enhanced quantitative and environmental analysis in the work of environmental anthropologists who wish to influence policy. Using a database of 77 leading monographs published between 1967 and 2006, 147 articles by the same authors, and a separate sample of 137 articles from the journal Human Organization, we document a sharp decline over the last ten years in the collection and use of quantitative and environmental data within environmental anthropology. These declines come at the same time that environmental anthropologists are aiming at greater policy relevance. We use the case of the Polonoroeste Project in the Brazilian Amazon and its impact on World Bank policy as a concrete example of the advantages of fortifying the quantitative and environmental side of our work. We conclude by discussing ways to strengthen environmental anthropology to further enhance its policy relevance and impact. C1 [Charnley, Susan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Durham, William H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Durham, William H.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Responsible Travel, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Charnley, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM scharnley@fs.fed.us NR 72 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7294 J9 AM ANTHROPOL JI Am. Anthropol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 112 IS 3 BP 397 EP 415 DI 10.1111/j.1548-1433.2010.01248.x PG 19 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 642KF UT WOS:000281211100024 ER PT J AU Pathikonda, S Meerow, A He, ZX Mopper, S AF Pathikonda, Sharmila Meerow, Alan He Zhenxiang Mopper, Susan TI SALINITY TOLERANCE AND GENETIC VARIABILITY IN FRESHWATER AND BRACKISH IRIS HEXAGONA COLONIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE adaptation; clonal reproduction; environmental disturbance; flowering phenology; Iridaceae; Iris hexagona; microsatellites; plant performance; population structure; salinity stress ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; LOCAL ADAPTATION; CLONAL PLANT; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EVOLUTION; STRESS; GROWTH; RESPONSES AB Premise of the study : Saltwater intrusion is one of the most widespread environmental threats to freshwater wetlands. Iris species worldwide are important members of these plant communities. Wetland irises reproduce clonally and sexually, which permits populations to spread and disperse in benign and stressful conditions. The ability of iris populations to tolerate and adapt to elevated salinity can play an important role in determining the long-term health of wetland ecosystems. Methods : We used microsatellite markers to evaluate population structure and genetic diversity, and we performed a common garden experiment to examine the effect of salinity on the growth and reproduction of wild Iris hexagona collected from freshwater and brackish wetlands. Key results : Colonies were genetically distinct, with average to high heterozygosity (0.55-0.66) for a clonal species. Salinity had negative linear effects on leaf mass (g), clonal growth (g), root mass (g), and flower numbers, and it had nonlinear effects on seed numbers and seed mass (mg). The greatest sexual reproduction occurred in the intermediate-salinity (4 parts per thousand) treatment. Flowering phenology was delayed for 5 days in the highest-salinity treatment. Conclusions : We hypothesized that irises from brackish habitats would tolerate salinity better than freshwater irises would, but no difference in iris performance existed between the two habitats. The observed salinity tolerance and genetic diversity of I. hexagona indicate that populations will persist despite moderate increases in environmental salinity. C1 [Pathikonda, Sharmila; Mopper, Susan] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Meerow, Alan] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [He Zhenxiang] Nanjing Univ, Coll Life Sci, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. RP Mopper, S (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, 300 E St Mary Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM mop@louisiana.edu FU NSF [DEB-0618457, DEB-0124901]; GSO; LGCF FX The authors thank K. H. Hasenstein for assistance with many aspects of this study and for the use of his equipment for the microsatellite analysis. P. Van Zandt, L. Schile, N. Geddes, L. Gautreaux, and G. Athrey helped establish and maintain the experimental plots. Dr. C. Berry provided statistical advice. The authors also thank G. H. Wang, K. C. Wiens, G. Goranova, and C. G. DeLay for their support. Funding was provided by NSF DEB-0618457 and DEB-0124901 to S. M. and by GSO and LGCF scholarships to S. P. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 97 IS 9 BP 1438 EP 1443 DI 10.3732/ajb.0900356 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 646KN UT WOS:000281539000004 PM 21616898 ER PT J AU Barrack, MT Van Loan, MD Rauh, MJ Nichols, JF AF Barrack, Michelle T. Van Loan, Marta D. Rauh, Mitchell J. Nichols, Jeanne F. TI Physiologic and behavioral indicators of energy deficiency in female adolescent runners with elevated bone turnover SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID WOMEN DISTANCE RUNNERS; ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; MINERAL DENSITY; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; EATING-DISORDERS; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; EXERCISING WOMEN; WEIGHT-GAIN; BODY-WEIGHT; IGF-I AB Background: Female adolescent runners have an elevated prevalence of low bone mass for age-an outcome that may be partially clue to inadequate energy intake. Objective: The objective was to evaluate diet, menstrual history, serum hormone concentrations, and bone mass in female adolescent runners with normal or abnormal bone turnover. Design: Thirty-nine cross-country runners (age: 15.7 +/- 0.2 y) participated in the study, which included a 7-d dietary assessment with the use of a food record and daily 24-h dietary recalls; serum measures of insulin-like growth factor I, estradiol, leptin, parathyroid hormone, progesterone, triiodothyronine, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and cross-linked C-telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX); an evaluation of height, weight, bone mass, and body composition with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; and a questionnaire to assess menses and sports participation. Age- and sex-specific BAP and CTX concentrations of at least the 97th percentile and no greater than the third percentile, respectively, were considered abnormal. Results: All abnormal BAP and CTX concentrations fell within the elevated (>= 97%) range. Runners with an elevated bone turnover (EBT) (n = 13) had a lower body mass, fewer menstrual cycles in the past year, lower estradiol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations, and a higher prevalence of body mass index <10% for age, vitamin D insufficiency, amenorrhea, and low bone mass. Girls with EBT consumed less than the recommended amounts of energy and had a higher prevalence of consuming <1300 mg Ca than did those with normal bone turnover. Conclusions: Runners with EBT had a profile consistent with energy deficiency. Nutritional support to increase energy, calcium intake, and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations may improve bone mineral accrual in young runners with EBT. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01059968. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92:652-9. C1 [Barrack, Michelle T.] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Nutr Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Van Loan, Marta D.] Univ Calif Davis, ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rauh, Mitchell J.] Rocky Mt Univ Hlth Profess, Grad Program Orthopaed & Sports Phys Therapy, Provo, UT USA. [Rauh, Mitchell J.; Nichols, Jeanne F.] San Diego State Univ, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Barrack, MT (reprint author), 817 S Westgate Ave,101, Los Angeles, CA 90049 USA. EM michellebarrack@gmail.com FU University of California Center for Health and Nutrition Research; American College of Sports Medicine NASA FX Supported by the University of California Center for Health and Nutrition Research and the American College of Sports Medicine NASA Space Physiology Research Grant. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 92 IS 3 BP 652 EP 659 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28926 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 644PC UT WOS:000281390800023 PM 20610635 ER PT J AU Mason, JB Kim, SJ AF Mason, Joel B. Kim, Susan J. TI Revisiting the Goldilocks Phenomenon: Folate and Colorectal Cancer Risk SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; BETA-CAROTENE; LUNG-CANCER; COLON-CANCER; SUPPLEMENTATION; ADENOMAS; ALCOHOL; POLYPS; PREVENTION C1 [Mason, Joel B.; Kim, Susan J.] Tufts Univ, USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Mason, Joel B.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Mason, Joel B.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Div Clin Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Kim, Susan J.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mason, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM joel.mason@tufts.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [1 R21 ES019102] NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 105 IS 9 BP 1914 EP 1916 DI 10.1038/ajg.2010.189 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 646SM UT WOS:000281563100001 PM 20818345 ER PT J AU Moncayo, AC Cohen, SB Fritzen, CM Huang, EL Yabsley, MJ Freye, JD Dunlap, BG Huang, JJ Mead, DG Jones, TF Dunn, JR AF Moncayo, Abelardo C. Cohen, Sara B. Fritzen, Charissa M. Huang, Eileen Yabsley, Michael J. Freye, James D. Dunlap, Brett G. Huang, Junjun Mead, Daniel G. Jones, Timothy F. Dunn, John R. TI Absence of Rickettsia rickettsii and Occurrence of Other Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Ticks from Tennessee SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; PARKERI INFECTION; PREVALENCE; HUMANS; SURVEILLANCE; BARTONELLA; CALIFORNIA; EHRLICHIA; PATHOGENS AB Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is the most common tick-borne illness in Tennessee Little is known about the occurrence of R. rickettsu the causative agent. in ticks in Tennessee To better understand the prevalence and distribution of rickettsial agents in ticks, we tested 1,265 Amblyomma. Dermacentor. and Ixodes adult and nymphal ticks. Additionally, we tested 231 Amblyomma americanum larvae Ticks were collected from 49 counties from humans, wild animals, domestic canines. and flannel drags. Spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 32% of adult and nymphal ticks A total minimum infection rate of 85 63 was found in larval pools tested. Three rickettsia! species. Rickettsia montana. Rickettsia amblyompm, and Rickettsia cooleyi were identified by molecular analysis Rickettsra rick-emu was not detected This study suggests that some RMSF cases reported in Tennessee may be caused by cross-reactivity with other SFGR antigenically related to R rickettsu. C1 [Moncayo, Abelardo C.; Cohen, Sara B.; Fritzen, Charissa M.; Huang, Eileen; Huang, Junjun; Jones, Timothy F.; Dunn, John R.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Vector Borne Dis Sect, Nashville, TN 37216 USA. [Yabsley, Michael J.; Mead, Daniel G.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources,SE Cooperat, Athens, GA USA. [Freye, James D.; Dunlap, Brett G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Madison, TN USA. RP Moncayo, AC (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Vector Borne Dis Sect, 630 Hart Lane, Nashville, TN 37216 USA. RI Mead, Daniel/F-7501-2013 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX This research was supported by an appointment to the Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) Fellowship Program administered by the Association of Public I kalif) Laboratories (APHL) and funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) NR 35 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 83 IS 3 BP 653 EP 657 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0197 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 645SZ UT WOS:000281487800035 PM 20810834 ER PT J AU Ryan, CM Cerveny, LK AF Ryan, Clare M. Cerveny, Lee K. TI Science Exchange in an Era of Diminished Capacity: Recreation Management in the US Forest Service SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION LA English DT Article DE agency capacity; science exchange; recreation management; interaction; managers; researchers ID UNITED-STATES GOVERNMENT; TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER; DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES; UNIVERSITY; CONSUMER; POLICY AB Promotion of effective science exchange between government scientists and managers requires thoughtful arrangement and operation of research and management functions. The U.S. Forest Service was established at the peak of the Progressive Era, when science exchange was designed to occur between researchers and resource managers who worked in distinct arms of the agency, but shared similar goals of effective forest management. In this article, the authors explore the implications of diminished agency capacity for science exchange interactions between researchers and managers in recreation management. Managers and researchers identified their current interactions, their perceptions of ideal interactions, and barriers to achieving those ideals. Reductions in agency capacity for recreation management have resulted in the erosion of interactions between managers and researchers. However, effective science exchange does occur, but requires innovative and adaptive approaches. C1 [Ryan, Clare M.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cerveny, Lee K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Seattle, WA USA. RP Ryan, CM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Box 352100,123H Anderson Hall, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM cmryan@uw.edu OI Ryan, Clare/0000-0003-0986-6110 NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0275-0740 J9 AM REV PUBLIC ADM JI Amer. Rev. Public Adm. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 40 IS 5 BP 593 EP 616 DI 10.1177/0275074009354121 PG 24 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 634UJ UT WOS:000280610800005 ER PT J AU Irwin, PL Nguyen, LHT Chen, CY AF Irwin, Peter L. Nguyen, Ly-Huong T. Chen, Chin-Yi TI The relationship between purely stochastic sampling error and the number of technical replicates used to estimate concentration at an extreme dilution SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Sampling error; Poisson distribution; Analytical data; MPN ID O157 IMMUNOMAGNETIC BEADS; NONTARGET MICROORGANISMS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTI-SALMONELLA; FOOD WASHES; ENUMERATION; BINDING AB any analytical system the population mean (mu) number of entities (e. g., cells or molecules) per tested volume, surface area, or mass also defines the population standard deviation (sigma - root mu). For a preponderance of analytical methods, sigma is very small relative to mu due to their large limit of detection (> 10(2) per volume). However, in theory at least, DNA-based detection methods (real-time, quantitative or qPCR) can detect approximate to 1 DNA molecule per tested volume (i. e., mu approximate to 1) whereupon errors of random sampling can cause sample means ((x) over bar) to substantially deviate from mu if the number of samplings (n), or " technical replicates", per observation is too small. In this work the behaviors of two measures of sampling error (each replicated fivefold) are examined under the influence of n. For all data (mu= 1.25, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 20) a large sample of individual analytical counts (x) were created and randomly assigned into N integral-valued sub-samples each containing between 2 and 50 repeats (n) whereupon Nxn(=) 322 to 361. From these data the average mu-normalized deviation of sigma from each sub-sample's standard deviation estimate (sj; j=1 to N; N=7 [ n=50] to 180 [n=2]) was calculated (Delta). Alternatively, the average mu-normalized deviation of mu from each sub-sample's mean estimate ((x(j)) over bar) was also evaluated (Delta'). It was found that both of these empirical measures of sampling error were proportional to (-2)root n.mu Derivative (partial derivative/partial derivative n . Delta or Delta') analyses of our results indicate that a large number of samplings (n approximate to 33 +/- 3.1) are requisite to achieve a nominal sampling error for samples with a mu approximate to 1. This result argues that pathogen detection is most economically performed, even using highly sensitive techniques such as qPCR, when some form of organism cultural enrichment is utilized and which results in a binomial response. Thus, using a specific gene PCR-based (+ or -) most probable number (MPN) assay one could detect anywhere from 0.2 to 10(5) CFU mL(-1) using 6 to 48 reactions (i. e., 8 dilutions x 6 replicates per dilution) depending on the initial concentration of the pathogen and volume sampled. C1 [Irwin, Peter L.; Nguyen, Ly-Huong T.; Chen, Chin-Yi] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Irwin, PL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM peter.irwin@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 398 IS 2 BP 895 EP 903 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-3967-2 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 650IL UT WOS:000281842400027 PM 20635079 ER PT J AU Spencer, KW Purdy, PH Blackburn, HD Spiller, SF Stewart, TS Knox, RV AF Spencer, Karl W. Purdy, Phil H. Blackburn, Harvey D. Spiller, Scott F. Stewart, Terry S. Knox, Robert V. TI Effect of number of motile, frozen-thawed boar sperm and number of fixed-time inseminations on fertility in estrous-synchronized gilts SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Frozen sperm; Boar; Pregnancy; Litter size; Ovulation; AI ID REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; WEANED SOWS; INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION; FERTILIZATION RATE; CONCEPTION RATES; FIELD FERTILITY; SEMINAL PLASMA; OVULATION RATE; MAXI-STRAWS AB There are advantages for use of frozen-thawed boar sperm (FTS) as a tool for preservation and transfer of valuable genetic material, despite its practical limitations. It was hypothesized that increasing the number of motile FTS and number of fixed-time artificial inseminations (AI) would improve pregnancy rate and litter size. Semen from six boars was frozen in 0.5 mL straws at 500 x 10(6) cells/mL Gilts similar to 170 days of age, were induced into estrus with PG600 (R) and synchronized using MATRIX (TM) (synthetic progestagen). Following last feeding of MATRIX (LFM), gilts were checked twice daily for estrus. At onset of estrus, gilts were randomly assigned in a 3 x 2 factorial treatment design to receive 1 x 10(9) motile FTS (n = 19), 2 x 10(9) motile FTS (n = 19), 4 x 10(9) motile FTS (n = 19) in a single AI at 32 h after onset of estrus, or 1 x 10(9) motile FTS (n = 18), 2 x 10(9) motile FTS (n = 17), or 4 x 10(9) motile FTS (n = 19) in each of the two AI at 24 and 32 h following onset of estrus. Ultrasonography was performed at 12 h intervals after estrus to estimate time of ovulation. Reproductive tracts were collected 28-34 days following AI. Estrus occurred at 139 2 h (mean SE) after LFM and ovulation at 33 +/- 1 h following onset of estrus. Dose and number of inseminations did not interact or individually influence pregnancy rate at slaughter (73 +/- 4.2%) or numbers of normal fetuses (10.8 +/- 0.5). However, number of fetuses tended (P = 0.14) to increase with double AI but not with dose. Boar did not affect pregnancy rate but did affect number of normal fetuses and embryonic survival (P < 0.01). Longer intervals from insemination to ovulation reduced pregnancy rate (P < 0.05), number of normal fetuses (P < 0.001). and embryonic survival (P < 0.01). Ovarian abnormalities at slaughter were associated with reduced pregnancy rate (P < 0.001). The results of this experiment indicate that a double insemination using 2 x 10(9) motile sperm would produce the greatest number of piglets with fewest numbers of frozen sperm used, while double AI with 1 x 10(9) motile sperm would be most practical for pig production with limited genetic resources. Fertility was also influenced by boar, interval from insemination to ovulation, and gilt ovarian abnormalities. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Spencer, Karl W.; Knox, Robert V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Purdy, Phil H.; Blackburn, Harvey D.; Spiller, Scott F.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Stewart, Terry S.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Knox, RV (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, 360 ASL,1207 W Gregory Dr,MC-630, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rknox@illinois.edu FU USDA FX We would like to thank the USDA for funding support, and PIC North America for providing boar semen and Intervet/Schering-Plough for providing PG600 and MATRIX for use in this study. We are also grateful to Dr. S. Breen, J. Taibl, B. Yantis, and D. Canaday for their excellent technical assistance. We also extend our appreciation to the University of Illinois farm staff; R. Wischover, R. Alan, S. Hughes, and D. Bidner for management of the animals used in this study. NR 60 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 121 IS 3-4 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.07.002 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 660VO UT WOS:000282674800009 PM 20678871 ER PT J AU Nakajima, K Kobayashi, J Mabuchi, H Nakano, T Tokita, Y Nagamine, T Imamura, S Ai, M Otokozawa, S Schaefer, EF AF Nakajima, K. Kobayashi, J. Mabuchi, H. Nakano, T. Tokita, Y. Nagamine, T. Imamura, S. Ai, M. Otokozawa, S. Schaefer, E. F. TI Association of angiopoietin-like protein 3 with hepatic triglyceride lipase and lipoprotein lipase activities in human pasma SO ANNALS OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; POSTHEPARIN PLASMA; LIPID-METABOLISM; MASS; CHOLESTEROL; PROBUCOL; ANGPTL3; INCREASES; THERAPY; STATE AB Background: The relationship between plasma angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) activity has not been investigated in the metabolism of remnant lipoproteins (RLPs) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in human plasma. Methods: ANGPTL3, LPL activity, HTGL activity, RLP-C and RLP-TG and small, dense LDL-cholesterol (sd LDL-C) were measured in 20 overweight and obese subjects in the fasting and postprandial states. Results: Plasma TG, RLP-C, RLP-TG and sd LDL-C were inversely correlated with LPL activity both in the fasting and postprandial states, but not correlated with HTGL activity and ANGPTL3. However, plasma HDL-C was positively correlated with LPL activity both in the fasting and postprandial states, while inversely correlated with HTGL activity. ANGPTL3 was inversely correlated with HTGL activity both in the fasting and postprandial states, but not correlated with LPL activity. Conclusion: HTGL plays a major role in HDL metabolism, but not RLP metabolism. These findings suggest that ANGPTL3 is strongly associated with the inhibition of HTGL activity and regulates HDL metabolism, but not associated with the inhibition of LPL activity for the metabolism of RLPs in human plasma. C1 [Nakajima, K.; Kobayashi, J.; Mabuchi, H.] Kanazawa Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Lipidol, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9208641, Japan. [Nakajima, K.; Kobayashi, J.; Mabuchi, H.] Kanazawa Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Div Cardiol, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9208641, Japan. [Nakajima, K.; Nakano, T.; Tokita, Y.; Nagamine, T.] Gunma Univ, Fac Med, Sch Hlth Sci, Gunma, Japan. [Nakajima, K.; Ai, M.; Otokozawa, S.; Schaefer, E. F.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Nakajima, K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Imamura, S.] Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp, Div Diagnost, Diagnost Res & Dev Dept, Izunokuni City, Shizuoka, Japan. RP Nakajima, K (reprint author), Kanazawa Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Lipidol, 13-1 Takara Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9208641, Japan. EM nakajimak05@ybb.ne.jp FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [20590560]; NIH [HL-075675] FX This research was supported in part by Grants in Aid for Scientific Research (No. 20590560) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.; The authors greatly thank Dr John Brunzell, University of Washington, Seattle for his valuable discussions and comments and Dr Peter Havel and Dr Kimber Stanhope, University California Davis, for providing the clinical samples used for this study (NIH Grant: HL-075675). NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0004-5632 EI 1758-1001 J9 ANN CLIN BIOCHEM JI Ann. Clin. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 47 BP 423 EP 431 DI 10.1258/acb.2010.009307 PN 5 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 668NO UT WOS:000283276900005 PM 20595410 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MB Liotta, JL Lucio-Forster, A Bowman, DD AF Jenkins, Michael B. Liotta, Janice L. Lucio-Forster, Araceli Bowman, Dwight D. TI Concentrations, Viability, and Distribution of Cryptosporidium Genotypes in Lagoons of Swine Facilities in the Southern Piedmont and in Coastal Plain Watersheds of Georgia SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DYE PERMEABILITY ASSAY; POST-WEANED PIGS; PARVUM OOCYSTS; RISK-FACTORS; GIARDIA; PREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION; IDENTIFICATION; INACTIVATION; MILWAUKEE AB Waste lagoons of swine operations are a source of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Few studies, however, have reported on oocyst concentrations in swine waste lagoons; none have reported on oocyst viability status, nor has there been a systematic assessment of species/genotype distributions across different types of swine facilities. Ten swine waste lagoons associated with farrowing, nursery, finishing, and gestation operations were each sampled once a month for a year. Oocysts were extracted from triplicate 900-ml effluent samples, enumerated by microscopy, and assessed for viability by dye exclusion/vital stain assay. DNA was extracted from processed samples, and 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced for species and genotype identification. Oocysts were observed at each sampling time at each lagoon. Annual mean concentrations of total oocysts and viable oocysts ranged between 24 and 51 and between 0.6 and 12 oocysts ml(-1) effluent, respectively. The species and genotype distributions were dominated (95 to 100%) by Cryptosporidium suis and Cryptosporidium pig genotype II, the latter of which was found at eight of the lagoons. The lagoon at the gestation facility was dominated by Cryptosporidium muris (90%), and one farrowing facility showed a mix of pig genotypes, Cryptosporidium muris, and various genotypes of C. parvum. The zoonotic C. parvum bovine genotype was observed five times out of 407 18S rDNA sequences analyzed. Our results indicate that pigs can have mixed Cryptosporidium infections, but infection with C. suis is likely to be dominant. C1 [Jenkins, Michael B.] USDA ARS, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Liotta, Janice L.; Lucio-Forster, Araceli; Bowman, Dwight D.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Jenkins, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM michael.jenkins@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSREES-National Research Initiative FX This project was supported in part by the USDA-CSREES-National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 76 IS 17 BP 5757 EP 5763 DI 10.1128/AEM.00434-10 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 643IE UT WOS:000281288000012 PM 20639363 ER PT J AU Paldi, N Glick, E Oliva, M Zilberberg, Y Aubin, L Pettis, J Chen, YP Evans, JD AF Paldi, Nitzan Glick, Eitan Oliva, Maayan Zilberberg, Yaron Aubin, Lucie Pettis, Jeffery Chen, Yanping Evans, Jay D. TI Effective Gene Silencing in a Microsporidian Parasite Associated with Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Colony Declines SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NOSEMA-CERANAE; COLLAPSE DISORDER; ENCEPHALITOZOON-CUNICULI; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; RNA-POLYMERASE; BEE; INFECTION; FUNGI; MITOCHONDRIA; SEQUENCE AB Honeybee colonies are vulnerable to parasites and pathogens ranging from viruses to vertebrates. An increasingly prevalent disease of managed honeybees is caused by the microsporidian Nosema ceranae. Microsporidia are basal fungi and obligate parasites with much-reduced genomic and cellular components. A recent genome-sequencing effort for N. ceranae indicated the presence of machinery for RNA silencing in this species, suggesting that RNA interference (RNAi) might be exploited to regulate Nosema gene expression within bee hosts. Here we used controlled laboratory experiments to show that double-stranded RNA homologous to specific N. ceranae ADP/ATP transporter genes can specifically and differentially silence transcripts encoding these proteins. This inhibition also affects Nosema levels and host physiology. Gene silencing could be mediated solely by Nosema or in concert with known systemic RNAi mechanisms in their bee hosts. These results are novel for the microsporidia and provide a possible avenue for controlling a disease agent implicated in severe honeybee colony losses. Moreover, since microsporidia are pathogenic in several known veterinary and human diseases, this advance may have broader applications in the future for disease control. C1 [Pettis, Jeffery; Chen, Yanping; Evans, Jay D.] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Paldi, Nitzan; Glick, Eitan; Oliva, Maayan; Zilberberg, Yaron; Aubin, Lucie] Beeologics Inc, Miami, FL 33156 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, BARC E Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jay.evans@ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 FU Florida Department of Agriculture FX This work was funded in part through a research grant from the Florida Department of Agriculture. NR 39 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 76 IS 17 BP 5960 EP 5964 DI 10.1128/AEM.01067-10 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 643IE UT WOS:000281288000034 PM 20622131 ER PT J AU Tuppad, P Santhi, C Wang, X Williams, JR Srinivasan, R Gowda, PH AF Tuppad, P. Santhi, C. Wang, X. Williams, J. R. Srinivasan, R. Gowda, P. H. TI SIMULATION OF CONSERVATION PRACTICES USING THE APEX MODEL SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE APEX; Best Management Practices (BMPs); Sediment; Nutrient; Watershed modeling ID WATER-QUALITY; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; SOUTHERN PLAINS; NUTRIENT LOSSES; SEDIMENT YIELD; RUNOFF; IMPACTS; SOIL; POLLUTION; PHOSPHORUS AB Information on agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs) and their effectiveness in controlling agricultural non-point source pollution is crucial in developing Clean Water Act programs such as the Total Maximum Daily Loads for impaired watersheds A modeling study was conducted to evaluate various BMPs including pasture planting, nutrient management, brush management, clearing and range planting, prescribed grazing, critical area planting., conservation cropping, contour farming, terrace, ponds, grade stabilization structures, and grassed waterways implemented in a 280-km(2) Mill Creek Watershed in north-central Texas The main objective of this study was to assess the long-term impacts of BMPs, at both field and subwatershed levels, on surface runoff sediment, and nutrient losses using the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model Considering all BMPs, average annual reductions in runoff sediment, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) at the field level ranged from 0 to 52%, 36% to 99%, 0 to 96%, and 15% to 92%, respectively, reflecting the variability in topography, sods, landuse, climate, and relative magnitude of these constituents entering the field from upstream contributing area However, at the subwatershed level, the reductions only ranged from 2 9% to 6 5% in runoff 6 3% to 14 8% for sediment, 11% to 15 1% for TN, and 6 3% to 8 6% for TP The impacts of BMPs on water quality varied depending on the type of practice and its location in the landscape This study also showed that reduction in sediment at the watershed outlet was proportional to the area treated with BMPs C1 [Tuppad, P.; Santhi, C.; Wang, X.; Williams, J. R.; Srinivasan, R.] Texas A&M Syst, Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Gowda, P. H.] ARS, USDA, Bushland, TX USA. RP Tuppad, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Syst, Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009; feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); 319 Non-point Source program; Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board (TSSWCB) FX The authors acknowledge the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 319 Non-point Source program and the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board (TSSWCB) for providing funding for this modeling work Also, Mr Todd Marck and Mr Carl Amonett from NRCS, Mr Darrel Andrews from TRWD, District Conservationists of Ellis, Navarro, Hill, Johnson, and Limestone Counties, Dr Wyatte Harman from the Blackland Research and Extension Center, Temple, Texas, and Dr Balaji Narasimhan from the Spatial Science Laboratory, Texas A&M University, Texas are duly acknowledged for their support in providing BMP related data NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 26 IS 5 BP 779 EP 794 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 690EH UT WOS:000284984800006 ER PT J AU Meng, H Sexton, AM Maddox, MC Sood, A Brown, CW Ferraro, RR Murtugudde, R AF Meng, H. Sexton, A. M. Maddox, M. C. Sood, A. Brown, C. W. Ferraro, R. R. Murtugudde, R. TI MODELING RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER BASIN USING SWAT - PILOT FOR CHESAPEAKE BAY WATERSHED SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Hydrologic model; Water quality; Streamflow; Sediment; Nutrient; Nitrate; Phosphate; SWAT; Chesapeake Bay watershed; CBFS ID PREDICTIONS; PHOSPHORUS; SEDIMENT; RUNOFF AB The Chesapeake Bay (CB) is the largest estuary in North America and has been listed as unpaired under the Clean Water Act since 1998 Deteriorating water conditions are largely due to contaminants carried into the Bay by the many tributaries in the CB watershed The Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center of the University of Maryland at College Park is developing a Chesapeake Bay Forecast System (CBI'S) to provide regional Earth System predictions for the Chesapeake Bay watershed SWAT is utilized as the land module of CBFS to simulate the hydrology and water quality of the prominent tributaries in the CB watershed This aticle reports the model configuration as well as calibration and validation results for Rappahannock, one of the major CB river basins The complete configuration of the model involved the following steps watershed delineation and the establishment of hydrologic response units, sensitivity analysis, balancing water budget, adjusting crop yields, balancing flow partition, manual and auto-calibration, and validation The simulated quantities include daily average streamflow and daily loadings of sediment, nitrate, and phosphate The calibration NSE for the four variables were, respectively, 0 73, 0 63, 0 52, and 0 50 which met a set of stringent evaluation criteria set forth by Moriast et al (2007) as being good or satisfactory simulations NSE measures how well the plot of observed versus simulated data fits the 1 1 line and a value of 1 indicates a perfect simulation The calibration results also satisfied the other evaluation criteria used in this study with the exception of large uncertainty in phosphate load Validation of streamflow and nitrate load also met all the evaluation criteria including NSE being 0 70 and 0 61, respectively The validation results for sediment and phosphate loads were considered unsatisfactory with NSE being 0 25 and 0 19 The model statistics were compared to those of the Chesapeake Bay Program Watershed Model and showed strength in the simulations of Rappahannock River streamflow, sediment load, and nitrate load The Rappahannock SWAT model currently produces routine 14-day ensemble forecasts of daily flow and loadings of sediment, nitrate and phosphate in an automated system Four thresholds were used to compute the ETS skill score of the Rappahannock streamflow forecast 0 5, 1 0, 1 5, and 2 0 tunes of the average daily flow The ETS skill scores of the first day forecast were 0 75, 0 56, 0 52, and 0 41, respectively, for the four thresholds They remain around or above 0 4 up to 14, 8, 7, and 5 days lead time in the four cases The ETS scores reveal that the model has good forecast skill for base flow and noticeable skill for event flow The forecast skill remains visible for at least 2 weeks for base flow and at least 5 days for the event flow thresholds used in this study C1 [Meng, H.; Brown, C. W.; Ferraro, R. R.] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sexton, A. M.] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sexton, A. M.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Maddox, M. C.; Sood, A.; Murtugudde, R.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Meng, H (reprint author), Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Meng, Huan/F-5613-2010; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008 OI Meng, Huan/0000-0001-6449-890X; Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX This work was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) The authors would like to thank the following people who have contributed to this project at various stages Alexandre Rostovtsev, Chappell, Tom Fitzwater, Georege Dizelos, and Dan Goetz Acknowledgement is also given to Gary Shenk of Chesapeake Bay Program for providing information about CBPWM data, and Stephen Prince of University of Maryland for providing the RESAC land use map The authors are grateful for the invaluable help by Karim Abbaspour from Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Raghavan Srinivasan from Texas A&M University, Nancy Sammons from USDA-ARS, and Xuesong Zhang from the Joint Global Change. Research Institute of University of Maryland at College Park Some data used in this project have been downloaded from USDA, USGS, and NOAA NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 26 IS 5 BP 795 EP 805 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 690EH UT WOS:000284984800007 ER PT J AU Williams, MR Feyereisen, GW Folmar, GJ Lin, HS AF Williams, M. R. Feyereisen, G. W. Folmar, G. J. Lin, H. S. TI EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM FOR SIMULATING A NATURAL SOIL TEMPERATURE PROFILE DURING FREEZE-THAW CYCLES SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 21-24, 2009 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Freeze-thaw; Lysimeter; Heating cable; Accelerated testing ID SEASONALLY FROZEN SOILS; DYNAMICS; INFILTRATION; TILLAGE AB The methodologies used in the controlled manipulation of sod freeze-thaw cycles have varied widely Despite their value in demonstrating the mechanisms of freeze-thaw action in sods, many methodologies do not replicate actual field conditions Therefore, a simple soil thermal cycling system was developed to address several of the methodological weaknesses observed in previous laboratory experiments and to better assess the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on sod physical properties, water and pollutant transport, and microbial activity The experimental system consisted of a 61- x 61- x 61-cm insulated bin containing four 15-cm diameter PVC lysimeters encased in sand, with a commercially-available heating cable located in the bottom of the sand mass The heating cable created an upward heat flux representative of heat flow in soil under field conditions The completed assemblage was placed on a cart, pushed into a walk-in freezer, and subjected to air temperatures from -10 degrees C to 15 degrees C In order to test the system, the healing cable was set from 0 degrees C to 5 degrees C in 1 degrees C increments to control the soil temperature at the 40-cm depth Observed hourly air and soil temperatures, soil temperature gradients, and freezing and thawing rates were reported for three freeze-thaw cycles and compared to field values The experimental system was able to produce a vertical temperature gradient in the soil of 0 08 degrees C cm (1) compared to a 0 07 degrees C cm (1) gradient observed under similar conditions in the field, and minimize large fluctuations in subsurface soil temperatures relative to changes in air temperature C1 [Feyereisen, G. W.] ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Mgt Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Williams, M. R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Folmar, G. J.] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Mgt Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. [Lin, H. S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Feyereisen, GW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Mgt Res Unit, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Lin, Henry/E-8234-2011 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 26 IS 5 BP 843 EP 848 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 690EH UT WOS:000284984800012 ER PT J AU Garbrecht, JD Zhang, XC Schneider, JM Steiner, JL AF Garbrecht, J. D. Zhang, X. C. Schneider, J. M. Steiner, J. L. TI UTILITY OF SEASONAL CLIMATE FORECASTS IN MANAGEMENT OF WINTER-WHEAT GRAZING SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Seasonal forecast; Climate forecast; Livestock grazing; Winter wheat; Stocking rate; Forage production ID DAILY PRECIPITATION; MODEL; CROP; PREDICTION; EVAPORATION; SYSTEM; YIELD; GRAIN; US AB In the southern Great Plains of the United States, winter wheat is a dual purpose crop that produces forage for livestock grazing in the fall and winter, and a grain crop in the spring Seasonal and interannual climate variations are pronounced and make it difficult to anticipate forage production and number of cattle for grazing Seasonal climate forecasts could improve projections of forage availability and thereby help with stocking rate decisions that are often made in September or October before actual forage production is known A case study was conducted to determine if seasonal climate forecasts contained enough decision-relevant information to attract producer attention and justify development of an operational decision support system for projecting forage availability and selecting stocking rate This question was addressed by investigating three strong seasonal climate forecasts issued in August and September by the NOAA Climate Prediction Center (CPC) for central Oklahoma Forecast of daily weather, forage availability, and stocker performance were simulated by computer models for physiographic and climatic conditions in the region Simulation results revealed that strong seasonal forecasts issued in August and September for central Oklahoma had enough impact on forage production and stocker weight gain to attract producers' attention, yet the small increase in odds of realizing a forecast-based outcome dampened producers' enthusiasm for making decisions based on seasonal climate forecasts Furthermore, the low frequency of strong seasonal forecasts issued between 1997 and 2008 (on average I in every 4 years) do not favor, at this time, development of an operational decision tool that specifically uses the CPC seasonal climate forecasts as a basis for projecting forage availability and selecting stocking rate in central Oklahoma It was suggested that initial soil moisture and climate risk may present a potentially more promising approach for developing decision support information for stocking rate decisions C1 [Garbrecht, J. D.; Zhang, X. C.; Schneider, J. M.; Steiner, J. L.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Garbrecht, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 26 IS 5 BP 855 EP 866 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 690EH UT WOS:000284984800014 ER PT J AU DeLaune, PB Moore, PA Formica, S AF DeLaune, P. B. Moore, P. A., Jr. Formica, S. TI REDUCING PHOSPHORUS IN SWINE EFFLUENT WITH ALUMINUM CHLORIDE TREATMENT DURING LAGOON CLEANOUT SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Agricultural runoff; Chemical treatment; Non-point source pollution; Phosphorus; Simulated rainfall; Swine lagoon liquid ID POULTRY LITTER; CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS; DAIRY MANURE; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; RUNOFF; REMOVAL; SOLIDS AB Phosphorus (P) runoff from agricultural lands fertilized with swine manure can be a significant environmental issue The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of aluminum chloride (AlCl(3)) applications to a swine lagoon during total clean out on P concentrations in manure and runoff water There were four treatments 1) untreated manure, 2) manure treated with AlCl(3) in-situ, 3) manure treated with AlCl(3) post collection, and 4) manure treated with AlCl(3) plus lime post collection Manure applications were equivalent to 112 kg P ha (1) Rainfall simulators were used to provide a 5-cm h (1) storm event 1, 8, 15, 17, and 24 days after application All AlCl(3) amendments significantly reduced manure soluble reactive P (SRP) concentrations The AlCl(3)/lime treatment was the most effective, reducing manure SRP concentrations by 69% compared to the untreated manure In runoff water, SRP loads were significantly higher from plots fertilized with the untreated manure Cumulative SRP loads were 30% lower from plots fertilized with manure treated with AlCl(3) in-situ than the untreated manure Cumulative P losses increased as SRP application rates increased Treatment of manure with AlCl(3) in-situ can significantly decrease manure SRP concentrations and subsequently reduce P loss from fields receiving manure applications C1 [DeLaune, P. B.] Texas AgriLife Res, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. [Moore, P. A., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Prod & Product Safety Unit, Fayetteville, AR USA. [Formica, S.] Watershed Conservat Resource Ctr, Fayetteville, AR USA. RP DeLaune, PB (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res, POB 1658, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. RI feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 26 IS 5 BP 867 EP 871 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 690EH UT WOS:000284984800015 ER PT J AU Adesemoye, AO Torbert, HA Kloepper, JW AF Adesemoye, A. O. Torbert, H. A. Kloepper, J. W. TI Increased plant uptake of nitrogen from N-15-depleted fertilizer using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria; Plant-microbe interaction; N-15 isotope; Plant nutrient management; Sustainable agriculture ID N-15 TRACER; SOIL; EFFICIENCY; AMMONIUM; CONSEQUENCES; NITRATE; SYSTEM; WATER; RICE AB Harmful environmental effects resulting from fertilizer use have spurred research into integrated nutrient management strategies which can include the use of specific micro-organisms to enhance nutrient use efficiency by plants. Some strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been reported to enhance nutrient uptake by plants, but no studies with PGPR have used N-15 isotope techniques to prove that the increased N in plant tissues came from the N applied as fertilizer. The current study was conducted to demonstrate that a model PGPR system can enhance plant uptake of fertilizer N applied to the soil using different rates of N-15-depleted ammonium sulfate. The experiments were conducted in the greenhouse with tomato using a mixture of PGPR strains Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IN937a and Bacillus pumilus T4. Results showed that PGPR together with reduced amounts of fertilizer promoted tomato growth compared to fertilizer without PGPR. In addition. atom% N-15 per gram of plant tissue decreased as the amount of fertilizer increased, and PGPR inoculation resulted in a further decrease of the atom% N-15 values. The atom% N-15 abundance in plants that received 80% fertilizer plus PGPR was 0.1146, which was significantly lower than 0.1441 for plants that received 80% fertilizer without PGPR and statistically equivalent to 0.1184 for plants that received 100% fertilizer without PGPR. The results demonstrate that increased plant uptake of N applied in fertilizer could be achieved with PGPR as indicated by the differences in N-15 uptake. Strains of PGPR that lead to increased nutrient uptake by plants should be evaluated further as components in integrated nutrient management systems. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Adesemoye, A. O.; Kloepper, J. W.] Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Torbert, H. A.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Adesemoye, AO (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Fawcett Labs, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM adeseao@ucr.edu OI Adesemoye, Anthony/0000-0003-2413-3361 NR 33 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 54 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.06.010 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 663WX UT WOS:000282922000007 ER PT J AU Treonis, AM Austin, EE Buyer, JS Maul, JE Spicer, L Zasada, IA AF Treonis, Amy M. Austin, Erin E. Buyer, Jeffrey S. Maul, Jude E. Spicer, Lori Zasada, Inga A. TI Effects of organic amendment and tillage on soil microorganisms and microfauna SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Suppressive soils; Sustainable agriculture; Nematode faunal indices; Microbial communities; Vicia villosa ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; FINE SANDY LOAM; FOOD-WEB; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; COVER CROPS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NO-TILL AB Soil microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) and microfauna (nematodes, protozoa) have been shown to be sensitive to organic amendments, but few experiments have investigated the responses of all these organisms simultaneously and across the soil profile. We investigated the impact of organic amendment and tillage on the soil food web at two depths in a field experiment. Over three growing seasons, field plots received seasonal organic amendment that was either incorporated into the soil (tilled) or not (no-till) as part of a tomato/soybean/corn cropping system. Un-amended, control plots that were either tilled or no-till were also included. We hypothesized that the addition of amendments would have a bottom-up effect on the soil food web, positively influencing the abundance of microorganisms, protozoa, and nematodes, primarily in the surface layers of the soil, but that this effect could be extended into deeper layers via tillage. Organic amendment had positive effects on most measured variables, including organic matter, respiration, protozoan and nematode density, and the abundance of PLEA biomarkers for bacteria and fungi. These effects were more pronounced in the 0-5 cm depth, but most variables increased with amendment in the deeper layer as well, especially with tillage. Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) of bacterial rDNA fragments indicated that distinct bacterial communities were selected for among tillage and amendment treatments and depths. Nematode faunal indices were not influenced by amendment, however. Increased nematode density in amended soils encompassed all trophic groups of free-living nematodes, with the greatest response among fungal-feeders, particularly with tillage. Increased biomass of microorganisms and decomposer microfauna in amended, tilled soils (0-5 cm depth) corresponded with a decline in the abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes. In control soils (0-5 cm depth), tillage reduced the relative abundance of fungal-feeding nematodes and increased the density of bacterial-feeding nematodes, in particular nematode species contributing to the Enrichment Index. When combined with organic amendment however, tillage was associated with increases in fungal-feeding nematodes and fungal biomarker PLFA. The results of this study suggest that when combined with amendment, tillage enhances the soil food web beyond the effect of amendment alone and is associated with declines in plant-parasitic nematodes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Treonis, Amy M.; Austin, Erin E.; Spicer, Lori] Univ Richmond, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. [Buyer, Jeffrey S.; Maul, Jude E.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zasada, Inga A.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Treonis, AM (reprint author), Univ Richmond, Dept Biol, 28 Westhampton Way, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. EM atreonis@richmond.edu OI Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 FU Thomas F. Jeffress Memorial Trust of Virginia; Kate Miller Jeffress Memorial Trust of Virginia FX We are grateful to three anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript. This research was funded by a grant to A. Treonis from the Thomas F. Jeffress and Kate Miller Jeffress Memorial Trust of Virginia. We would like to thank Stephen Rogers, Stanley Tesch, Seth Lipstock, Harlan Michelle, Katharine Semmens, Ana Narla, Tim McLlarky, and Megan Riley for technical assistance. NR 51 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 6 U2 104 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.06.017 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 663WX UT WOS:000282922000014 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK Davidson, JW Rimando, AM Summerfelt, ST AF Schrader, Kevin K. Davidson, John W. Rimando, Agnes M. Summerfelt, Steven T. TI Evaluation of ozonation on levels of the off-flavor compounds geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in water and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from recirculating aquaculture systems SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Aquaculture; Geosmin; 2-Methylisoborneol; Off-flavor; Ozone; Ozonation; Recirculating aquaculture system ID CULTURE-SYSTEM; ODOR COMPOUNDS; OZONE; DESTRUCTION; IRRADIATION; DEPURATION; BACTERIA; REMOVAL; CATFISH; QUALITY AB Common "off-flavors" in fish cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are "earthy" and "musty" due to the presence of the off-flavor metabolites geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), respectively. Previously, ozone addition has been applied to RAS at relatively low doses to break refractory organic molecules (i.e., reducing color), microflocculate fine particulate matter (i.e., increasing solids removal), and oxidize nitrite to nitrate, but the effect of ozone addition at these dosing rates on levels of off-flavor compounds was unknown. Ozonation has been used in municipal drinking water facilities to reduce the levels of these compounds, to improve water taste, and to subsequently reduce consumer complaints. In this study, the effects of ozone addition to the inlet water of the RAS culture tanks on levels of geosmin and MIB in the culture water and fish flesh were evaluated. Water and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) samples were obtained twice after maximum feed rates were reached during a 6-month grow-out period. Results indicated that ozone addition to maintain an oxidation reduction potential of 248 mV (<1 mu g/L of ozone residual) did not significantly reduce levels of these off-flavor compounds in the water and fish flesh, though it did significantly improve culture tank water quality. Higher dosages of ozone might be beneficial in removing geosmin and MIB in the RAS water, but the inclusion of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation would be required to prevent mortality associated with ozone toxicity. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schrader, Kevin K.; Rimando, Agnes M.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Davidson, John W.; Summerfelt, Steven T.] Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kevin.schrader@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [59-1930-5-510] FX The technical assistance of Dewayne Harries and Phaedra Page is greatly appreciated. This research was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service under Agreement No. 59-1930-5-510. All experimental protocols and methods were in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act (9CFR) requirements and were approved by the Freshwater Institute's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 43 IS 2 BP 46 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2010.05.003 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 669ZM UT WOS:000283388900002 ER PT J AU Overturf, K Sakhrani, D Devlin, RH AF Overturf, Ken Sakhrani, Dionne Devlin, Robert H. TI Expression profile for metabolic and growth-related genes in domesticated and transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) modified for increased growth hormone production SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Metabolism; Growth; Gene expression; Growth hormone; Transgenic; Coho salmon ID PROTEASOME-DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE ATROPHY; RAINBOW-TROUT; BODY-COMPOSITION; IGF-I; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION AB To gain a better understanding of the aspects underlying growth in salmonids, quantitative expression analysis was performed for a number of genes related to muscle growth, metabolism, immunology and energy regulation in the liver and muscle of wild-type coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), domesticated coho salmon selected for growth, growth hormone-transgenic coho salmon fed to satiation, and growth hormone-transgenic coho salmon reared on restricted rations. In comparisons among these four experimental groups, our findings show a significant and correlative up-regulation in the expression of a number of muscle determination and development factors in full-fed (FF) transgenic and domestic coho salmon. Expression of several metabolic genes involved with amino acid turnover and utilization also was correlated between these two faster-growing groups. However, distinct differences between domesticated and FF-transgenic fish were found for some genes involved with muscle cell differentiation, innate immune system, metabolism, and amino acid regulation. Wild-type and ration-restricted growth hormone-transgenic fish correlated very highly in the expression of most genes tested, suggesting that limiting available energy reduces the effects of elevated growth hormone and down-regulates muscle and metabolic regulatory pathways similarly to the reduced potential for growth hormone production seen in wild-type fish. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Overturf, Ken] USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Sakhrani, Dionne; Devlin, Robert H.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. RP Overturf, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM Ken.Overturf@ars.usda.gov NR 100 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 307 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.06.010 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 652GB UT WOS:000281990100017 ER PT J AU Haag, WR Warren, ML AF Haag, Wendell R. Warren, Melvin L., Jr. TI Diversity, abundance, and size structure of bivalve assemblages in the Sipsey River, Alabama SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussels; Unionidae; Corbicula; community; demography; recruitment; viability; conservation; Mobile Basin ID FRESH-WATER MUSSEL; FUSCONAIA-EBENA BIVALVIA; LOWER OHIO RIVER; ENDANGERED MUSSEL; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; POPULATION; UNIONIDAE; FAUNA; USA; RECRUITMENT AB 1. Patterns of mussel diversity and assemblage structure in the Sipsey River, Alabama, are described. Qualitative data were used to describe river-wide patterns of diversity. Quantitative data were used to describe the structure of mussel assemblages at several sites based on whole-substrate sampling that ensured all size classes were detected. 2. Major human impacts to the stream are limited to apparent effects of coal mining in the headwaters and the impoundment of the lower 9 km of the river by a dam on the Tombigbee River. These impacts resulted in a sharp decline in mussel diversity in the headwaters, and extirpation or decline of populations of several large-river species in the lower river that were probably dependent on colonization from the Tombigbee River. 3. Despite localized impacts, mussel assemblages throughout much of the river appear to be mostly intact and self-sustaining. These assemblages have several attributes that differ substantially from those in more degraded streams: (1) high retention of historical species richness; (2) gradual, longitudinal increase in species richness from upstream to downstream, resulting in distinctive headwater and downstream assemblages; (3) ubiquity of most species within particular river segments; (4) low dominance and high evenness with large populations of many species; and (5) frequent recruitment for most species resulting in occurrence of individuals in many size classes. 4. Few detailed and demographically unbiased descriptions of relatively intact mussel assemblages exist. We propose that characteristics described in the Sipsey River can be used as a baseline comparison for assessing relative degree of assemblage alteration in other streams and can serve as goals for restoration efforts. Published in 2010 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. C1 [Haag, Wendell R.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Forest Hydrol Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Forest Hydrol Lab, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM whaag@fs.fed.us FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Weyerhaeuser Company; US Forest Service Southern Research Station FX We are grateful to M. Bland, A. Commens-Carson, C. Harwell, C. Jenkins, F. McEwen, G. McWhirter, and L. Staton who helped extensively in the field and in the laboratory. We also thank J. Buhay, D. Martinovic, S. McGregor, J. Nettles, and A. Wethington for their help during the 1999 or 2000 field seasons, S. Adams, T. Dell, and P. Hartfield for comments on the manuscript, and J. Williams for information about historical data. This study was supported by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Weyerhaeuser Company, and the US Forest Service Southern Research Station. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 25 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 20 IS 6 BP 655 EP 667 DI 10.1002/aqc.1138 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 655XW UT WOS:000282290500006 ER PT J AU Uchimiya, M AF Uchimiya, Minori TI Reductive Transformation of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene: Roles of Iron and Natural Organic Matter SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 2,4-Dinitrotoluene; Explosives; Electron transfer; Nitroaromatic compounds; Iron; Natural organic matter ID ABIOTIC REDUCTION; SUBSTITUTED NITROBENZENES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CAFFEIC ACID; FE(II); LIGANDS; 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE; BIOTRANSFORMATION; NITROAROMATICS AB This study investigated the effects of redox-active and iron-coordinating functional groups within natural organic matter (NOM) on the electron transfer interactions between Fe(II) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), an energetic residue often encountered in aqueous environments as a propellant component and impurities in 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Experiments were first conducted in homogeneous phases as a function of pH in the presence of ligands that (1) complex iron (e.g., citric acid, oxalic acid), (2) complex and reduce iron (e.g., caffeic acid, ascorbic acid), and (3) humic substances with known carboxyl content and electron transfer capacity. Then, effects of these NOM components on Fe(II) reactivity in heterogeneous media were investigated by introducing goethite. Our results indicate complex catalytic and inhibitory effects of NOM components on the reaction between Fe(II) and 2,4-DNT, depending upon the ability of NOM component to (1) reduce dissolved and particulate Fe(III) (e.g., ascorbic acid), (2) form kinetically labile dissolved Fe(II) reductants (e.g., tiron and caffeic acid), and (3) produce surface-associated Fe(II) species that are accessible to 2,4-DNT. C1 [Uchimiya, Minori] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Uchimiya, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sophie.uchimiya@ars.usda.gov FU US Army Environmental Quality Technology Program at the Environmental Laboratory; US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, MS FX This project was supported by the US Army Environmental Quality Technology Program at the Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, MS. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1380-6165 J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM JI Aquat. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 16 IS 4 BP 547 EP 562 DI 10.1007/s10498-009-9085-0 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 617RL UT WOS:000279298700002 ER PT J AU Couturier, K Batandier, C Awada, M Hininger-Favier, I Canini, F Anderson, RA Leverve, X Roussel, AM AF Couturier, K. Batandier, C. Awada, M. Hininger-Favier, I. Canini, F. Anderson, R. A. Leverve, X. Roussel, A. M. TI Cinnamon improves insulin sensitivity and alters the body composition in an animal model of the metabolic syndrome SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Cinnamon; Insulin resistance; Body composition ID BETA-CELL MASS; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; IN-VITRO; RESISTANCE; EXTRACT; TYPE-2; RATS; SECRETION; INGESTION AB Polyphenols from cinnamon (CN) have been described recently as insulin sensitizers and antioxidants but their effects on the glucose/insulin system in vivo have not been totally investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of CN on insulin resistance and body composition, using an animal model of the metabolic syndrome, the high fat/high fructose (HF/HF) fed rat. Four groups of 22 male Wistar rats were fed for 12 weeks with: (i) (HF/HF) diet to induce insulin resistance, (ii) HF/HF diet containing 20 g cinnamon/kg of diet (HF/HF + CN), (iii) Control diet (C) and (iv) Control diet containing 20 g cinnamon/kg of diet (C + CN). Data from hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps showed a significant decrease of the glucose infusion rates in rats fed the HF/HF diet. Addition of cinnamon to the HF/HF diet increased the glucose infusion rates to those of the control rats. The HF/HF diet induced a reduction in pancreas weight which was prevented in HF/HF + CN group (p < 0.01). Mesenteric white fat accumulation was observed in HF/HF rats vs. control rats (p < 0.01). This deleterious effect was alleviated when cinnamon was added to the diet. In summary, these results suggest that in animals fed a high fat/high fructose diet to induce insulin resistance, CN alters body composition in association with improved insulin sensitivity. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Couturier, K.; Batandier, C.; Awada, M.; Hininger-Favier, I.; Leverve, X.; Roussel, A. M.] Univ Grenoble 1, LBFA INSERM 884, Grenoble 9, France. [Canini, F.] CRSSA Army Res Ctr Hlth, Grenoble, France. [Anderson, R. A.] USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, BHRNC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roussel, AM (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, LBFA INSERM 884, BP53, Grenoble 9, France. EM Anne-Marie.Roussel@ujf-grenoble.fr OI Batandier, Cecile/0000-0003-1173-458X FU French National Agency for Research [PNRA 007] FX This work is a part of the CERVIRMIT study funded by the French National Agency for Research (PNRA 007) and is part of the Scientific Cooperative Convention Agreement (No. 58-123-4N-F033 between the Human Nutrition Research Center (Beltsville, MD, USA) and the Joseph Fourier University (Grenoble, France). NR 27 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 501 IS 1 SI SI BP 158 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2010.05.032 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 650CT UT WOS:000281826500022 PM 20515642 ER PT J AU Pillai, SPS Pantin-Jackwood, M Suarez, DL Saif, YM Lee, CW AF Pillai, S. P. S. Pantin-Jackwood, M. Suarez, D. L. Saif, Y. M. Lee, C. -W. TI Pathobiological characterization of low-pathogenicity H5 avian influenza viruses of diverse origins in chickens, ducks and turkeys SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A VIRUSES; HONG-KONG; POULTRY; WATERFOWL; BIRDS; TRANSMISSION; REPLICATION; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; AMERICA AB We undertook one of the most comprehensive studies on the replication and intraspecies transmission characteristics of low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in ducks, chickens and turkeys. Our results indicated that most of these isolates could replicate and be transmitted in poultry without inducing clinical disease. However, differences in transmission to contact control birds were noted, emphasizing the importance of having contact control cage mates in biological characterization experiments. Ducks supported the replication of viruses of wild aquatic bird origin in their respiratory and digestive tracts equally well. The viruses from wild aquatic birds were not effectively transmitted among chickens. In contrast, the wild-bird isolates and viruses of domestic bird origin from live-bird markets and commercial poultry operations replicated and were transmitted more efficiently in turkeys than in chickens or ducks. We also found a lower minimal infectious dose requirement for infection of turkeys compared to chickens and ducks. Our data support an important role of turkeys as being more susceptible hosts for avian influenza viruses than domestic ducks and chickens. These results highlight the role of turkeys as intermediate or bridging hosts in the transmission of influenza viruses from wild birds to land-based domestic poultry or among different land-based bird species. C1 [Pillai, S. P. S.; Saif, Y. M.; Lee, C. -W.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Pillai, S. P. S.; Saif, Y. M.; Lee, C. -W.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Pantin-Jackwood, M.; Suarez, D. L.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Lee, CW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM lee.2854@osu.edu FU USDA-ARS [58-6612-6-237] FX We would like to thank Megan Strother and Keumsuk Hong for their technical assistance with this work. The partial data from two isolates (mute swan/MI/06 and parrot/CA/04) have been published previously (20, 26). This work was supported in part by the USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement (#58-6612-6-237). NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 155 IS 9 BP 1439 EP 1451 DI 10.1007/s00705-010-0727-8 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 653KT UT WOS:000282090900008 PM 20577770 ER PT J AU Hajeri, S Ramadugu, C Keremane, M Vidalakis, G Lee, R AF Hajeri, Subhas Ramadugu, Chandrika Keremane, Manjunath Vidalakis, Georgios Lee, Richard TI Nucleotide sequence and genome organization of Dweet mottle virus and its relationship to members of the family Betaflexiviridae SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEAF-BLOTCH-VIRUS; BAYESIAN PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; ALKB PROTEINS; CITRUS; 3-METHYLTHYMINE; DEMETHYLATION; FLEXIVIRIDAE; BACTERIAL; TAXONOMY; REPAIR AB The nucleotide sequence of Dweet mottle virus (DMV) was determined and compared to sequences of members of the families Alphaflexiviridae and Betaflexiviridae. The DMV genome has 8,747 nucleotides (nt) excluding the 3' poly-(A) tail. DMV genomic RNA contains three putative open reading frames (ORFs) and untranslated regions of 73 nt at the 5' and 541 nt at 3' termini. ORF1 potentially encoding a 227.48-kDa polyprotein, which has methyltransferase, oxygenase, endopeptidase, helicase, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) domains. ORF2 encodes a movement protein of 40.25 kDa, while ORF3 encodes a coat protein of 40.69 kDa. Protein database searches showed 98-99% matches of DMV ORFs with citrus leaf blotch virus (CLBV) sequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on the RdRP core domain revealed that DMV is closely related to CLBV as a member of the genus Citrivirus. DMV did not satisfy the molecular criteria for demarcation of an independent species within the genus Citrivirus, family Betaflexiviridae, and hence, DMV can be considered a CLBV isolate. C1 [Hajeri, Subhas; Vidalakis, Georgios] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Ramadugu, Chandrika] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Keremane, Manjunath; Lee, Richard] USDA ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Citrus, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Vidalakis, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, 900 Unv Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM vidalg@ucr.edu NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 155 IS 9 BP 1523 EP 1527 DI 10.1007/s00705-010-0758-1 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 653KT UT WOS:000282090900021 PM 20644968 ER PT J AU Trabue, S Scoggin, K Li, H Burns, R Xin, HW Hatfield, J AF Trabue, Steven Scoggin, Kenwood Li, Hong Burns, Robert Xin, Hongwei Hatfield, Jerry TI Speciation of volatile organic compounds from poultry production SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CAFO; VOC; Poultry; Air quality ID EASTERN NORTH-CAROLINA; FIELD SAMPLING METHOD; THERMAL-DESORPTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SWINE OPERATIONS; AIR-POLLUTION; DAIRY-COWS; TENAX-TA; MANURE; CANISTERS AB Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from poultry production are leading source of air quality problems. However, little is known about the speciation and levels of VOCs from poultry production. The objective of this study was the speciation of VOCs from a poultry facility using evacuated canisters and sorbent tubes. Samples were taken during active poultry production cycle and between production cycles. Levels of VOCs were highest in areas with birds and the compounds in those areas had a higher percentage of polar compounds (89%) compared to aliphatic hydrocarbons (2.2%). In areas without birds, levels of VOCs were 1/3 those with birds present and compounds had a higher total percentage of aliphatic hydrocarbons (25%). Of the VOCs quantified in this study, no single sampling method was capable of quantifying more than 55% of compounds and in several sections of the building each sampling method quantified less than 50% of the quantifiable VOCs. Key classes of chemicals quantified using evacuated canisters included both alcohols and ketones. while sorbent tube samples included volatile fatty acids and ketones. The top five compounds made up close to 70% of VOCs and included: 1) acetic acid (830.1 mu g m(-3)); 2) 2,3-butanedione (680.6 mu g m(-3)); 3) methanol (195.8 mu g m(-3)); 4) acetone (104.6 mu g m(-3)); and 5) ethanol (101.9 mu g m(-3)). Location variations for top five compounds averaged 49.5% in each section of the building and averaged 87% for the entire building. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Trabue, Steven; Scoggin, Kenwood; Hatfield, Jerry] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Li, Hong; Burns, Robert; Xin, Hongwei] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Trabue, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM steven.trabue@ars.usda.gov RI Li, Hong/B-3657-2011; OI Trabue, Steven/0000-0002-4584-5790 NR 46 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 44 IS 29 BP 3538 EP 3546 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.06.009 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 643JP UT WOS:000281292700009 ER PT J AU Barbosa, T Ramirez, M Hafner, S Cheng, S Zavala, G AF Barbosa, Taylor Ramirez, Marcia Hafner, Scott Cheng, Sunny Zavala, Guillermo TI Forensic Investigation of a 1986 Outbreak of Osteopetrosis in Commercial Brown Layers Reveals a Novel Avian Leukosis Virus-Related Genome SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE osteopetrosis; avian leukosis virus; myeloblastosis-associated virus ID LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; MYELOBLASTOSIS-ASSOCIATED VIRUS; BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; INDUCE OSTEOPETROSIS; RETROVIRUS VARIATION; VIRAL-DNA; SUBGROUP; SEQUENCES; ENVELOPE; INFECTION AB Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is known to cause several neoplastic conditions in chickens, such as B-cell lymphomas, myelocytomas, erythroblastosis, and other types of neoplasia including osteopetrosis. We describe herein the identification of unique ALV-related proviral DNA sequences in an archived chicken bone affected with osteopetrosis. The osteopetrotic bone was obtained from an affected 46-week-old brown layer during an outbreak of osteopetrosis in Costa Rica in 1986. Analysis of proviral DNA in the 23-year-old osteopetrotic bone revealed unique exogenous ALV-related sequences that were named CR-1986 (Costa Rica, 1986). The 59 and 39 long terminal repeats (LTR) in the proviral DNA were identical to each other. The U3 regions in the LTRs were most similar to equivalent sequences in ALV-J, while U5 was identical to known endogenous ALV-E sequences. The predicted CR-1986 envelope protein was most similar to the envelope of myeloblastosis associated virus type 1 (MAV-1), although the percentage of amino acid sequence similarity to MAV-1 was low (90.4%). The variable and hypervariable regions of gp85 displayed several mutations compared to representative strains of ALV. The gp37 (transmembrane or TM) envelope protein showed three leucine to serine mutations that may represent important changes in the conformation of this protein, a finding that is currently being investigated. Several recombination events may have contributed to the emergence of CR-1986 because each analyzed segment was similar to a different ALV. CR-1986 may represent a unique ALV based on distinctive characteristics of its predicted envelope protein in comparison to previously reported ALVs. C1 [Barbosa, Taylor; Cheng, Sunny; Zavala, Guillermo] Univ Georgia, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ramirez, Marcia] Univ Nacl Costa Rica, Lab Patol Aviar, Escuela Med Vet, Heredia, Costa Rica. [Hafner, Scott] USDA FSIS, Pathol Sect, Eastern Lab, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Zavala, G (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Dept Populat Hlth, 953 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM gzavala@uga.edu NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 54 IS 3 BP 981 EP 989 DI 10.1637/9138-111209-Reg.1 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 658XS UT WOS:000282528600002 PM 20945777 ER PT J AU Tabatabai, LB Zimmerli, MK Zehr, ES Briggs, RE Tatum, FM AF Tabatabai, Louisa B. Zimmerli, Mandy K. Zehr, Emilie S. Briggs, R. E. Tatum, Fred M. TI Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale North American Field Isolates Express a Hemolysin-Like Protein SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale; hemolysin; hemolysis ID COLI ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; AVIAN PNEUMOVIRUS; INFECTION; TURKEYS; IDENTIFICATION; IRON; ERYTHROCYTES; QUANTITATION AB Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is a gram-negative bacterium responsible for the sporadic outbreaks of airsacculitis in poultry, accounting for millions of dollars in losses to the poultry industry annually. Although the organism was originally classified as non-beta-hemolytic, recent North American field isolates of O. rhinotracheale obtained from pneumonic lungs and air sacs indicated hemolytic activity on blood agar plates upon extended incubation for 48 hr at room temperature in air after initial incubation at 37 degrees C for 48 hr under 7.5% CO(2). This report characterizes the beta-hemolytic activity of O. rhinotracheale isolates by using in vitro kinetic hemolysis assays with sheep red blood cells, western blotting with leukotoxin-specific monoclonal antibodies, and isobaric tagging and relative and absolute quantitative (iTRAQ) analysis of O. rhinotracheale outer membrane protein digest preparations. The kinetic analyses of the hemolytic activity with red blood cells indicated that the protein is a pore former. iTRAQ analysis with membrane preparations revealed four peptides with homology to Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin and two peptides with homology to Actinobacillus actinoacetemcomitans leukotoxin. This is the first report that North American field isolates of O. rhinotracheale may express a hemolysin-like activity. C1 [Tabatabai, Louisa B.] ARS, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Zimmerli, Mandy K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tabatabai, LB (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70,Bldg 24, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Louisa.Tabatabai@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 54 IS 3 BP 994 EP 1001 DI 10.1637/9070-091409-Reg.1 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 658XS UT WOS:000282528600004 PM 20945779 ER PT J AU Jenkins, M Klopp, S Ritter, D Miska, K Fetterer, R AF Jenkins, M. Klopp, S. Ritter, D. Miska, K. Fetterer, R. TI Comparison of Eimeria Species Distribution and Salinomycin Resistance in Commercial Broiler Operations Utilizing Different Coccidiosis Control Strategies SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Eimeria; PCR; vaccine; anticoccidial drugs ID ANTICOCCIDIAL VACCINES; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; CHICKENS; POULTRY; IDENTIFICATION; DICLAZURIL; GUIDELINES; DIAGNOSIS; EFFICACY; TURKEYS AB The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the species composition and salinomycin sensitivity of Eimeria oocysts isolated from commercial broiler farms that differed by means of coccidiosis control (anticoccidial drugs [ACD] vs. live oocyst vaccines [VAC]). A comparison of Eimeria species composition and salinomycin sensitivity was also made before and after a producer switched from salinomycin to live oocyst vaccines. In general, no significant difference was observed in the concentration of Eimeria spp. oocysts in litter from VAC-utilizing farms compared to litter from ACD-utilizing farms. Application of PCR-based methods to detect coccidia found that Eimeria species distribution in litter from VAC operations more closely resembled the species composition in the live oocyst vaccines. Drug sensitivity testing found that Eimeria oocysts from VAC operations displayed greater salinomycin sensitivity as measured by weight gain and feed conversion efficiency compared to oocysts from ACD farms. These findings provide additional evidence for the usefulness of live oocyst vaccines to restore ionophore sensitivity in poultry operations that contain an ionophore-resistant population of Eimeria spp. oocysts. C1 [Jenkins, M.; Miska, K.; Fetterer, R.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Klopp, S.] Townsends Poultry, Georgetown, DE 19947 USA. [Ritter, D.] Mountaire Farms Inc, Millsboro, DE 19966 USA. RP Jenkins, M (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mark.jenkins@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 54 IS 3 BP 1002 EP 1006 DI 10.1637/9137-111109-Reg.1 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 658XS UT WOS:000282528600005 PM 20945780 ER PT J AU Dunn, JR Witter, RL Silva, RF Lee, LF Finlay, J Marker, BA Kaneene, JB Fulton, RM Fitzgerald, SD AF Dunn, John R. Witter, Richard L. Silva, Robert F. Lee, Lucy F. Finlay, James Marker, Bryan A. Kaneene, John B. Fulton, Richard M. Fitzgerald, Scott D. TI The Effect of the Time Interval Between Exposures on the Susceptibility of Chickens to Superinfection with Marek's Disease Virus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE herpesvirus; poultry; superinfection; Marek's disease virus ID FEATHER FOLLICLE EPITHELIUM; TRANSFORMED-CELLS; HERPESVIRUS; PP38; CHALLENGE; INFECTION; GENE; PROTEIN; MUTANT; BIRDS AB Marek's disease virus (MDV) is ubiquitous within commercial poultry flocks because current vaccines do not prevent MDV infection or transmission. In order for newly-evolved MDV strains to become established within a flock, it seems inevitable that any new strain would need to infect and replicate in chickens previously infected with resident MDV strains. This phenomenon is difficult to detect and there is no clear evidence that it is even possible. Four experiments were performed to demonstrate superinfection and evaluate the effect of time between challenges on the effect of superinfection with the use of two pairs of fully virulent MDV strains that could be discriminated by novel technology: 1) JM/102W and rMd5//38CVI, and 2) rMd5 and rMd5//38CVI. Feather follicle epithelium (FFE), spleen, and tumor samples were collected at single or multiple time points from the same bird to determine the frequency and distribution of each virus present following superinfection, with the use of pyrosequencing and immunohistochemistry. Superinfection was observed in 82 of 149 (55%) FFE samples following short-interval challenge (24 hr) compared to only 6 of 121 (5%) samples following long-interval challenge (13 days), indicating a strong influence of challenge interval. In cases where the first inoculated virus was weak or delayed, the second inoculated virus was detected in 42 of 95 (44%) birds. In tumors from dually challenged birds, the second virus was again present much more often following short-interval challenge (68%) compared to long-interval challenge (11%). Virus mixtures in tumors were less common compared to those in FFE samples. Vaccination with turkey herpesvirus had no significant effect on the virus frequency for either virus pair or challenge time interval, suggesting these conclusions may be applicable to vaccinated chickens in the field. These studies demonstrated superinfection for the first time with two fully virulent MDV strains and suggest that short-interval challenge exposure and/or weak initial exposures may be important factors leading to superinfection-a prerequisite for the establishment of a second virus strain in the population. This model system should be useful to elucidate this important phenomenon further. C1 [Dunn, John R.; Witter, Richard L.; Silva, Robert F.; Lee, Lucy F.; Finlay, James; Marker, Bryan A.] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Finlay, James; Marker, Bryan A.; Kaneene, John B.; Fulton, Richard M.; Fitzgerald, Scott D.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Fulton, Richard M.; Fitzgerald, Scott D.] Michigan State Univ, Diagnost Ctr Populat & Anim Hlth, Lansing, MI 48910 USA. RP Silva, RF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM bob.silva@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 54 IS 3 BP 1038 EP 1049 DI 10.1637/9348-033010-Reg.1 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 658XS UT WOS:000282528600011 PM 20945786 ER PT J AU Kulak, MV Ilinykh, FA Zaykovskaya, AV Epanchinzeva, AV Evstaphiev, IL Tovtunec, NN Sharshov, KA Durimanov, AG Penkovskaya, NA Shestopalov, AM Lerman, I Drozdov, IG Swayne, DE AF Kulak, M. V. Ilinykh, F. A. Zaykovskaya, A. V. Epanchinzeva, A. V. Evstaphiev, I. L. Tovtunec, N. N. Sharshov, K. A. Durimanov, A. G. Penkovskaya, N. A. Shestopalov, A. M. Lerman, I. Drozdov, I. G. Swayne, D. E. TI Surveillance and Identification of Influenza A Viruses in Wild Aquatic Birds in the Crimea, Ukraine (2006-2008) SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE AI; Crimea; pathogenicity; surveillance; wild waterfowl ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; AVIAN INFLUENZA; H5N1 VIRUS; OUTBREAK; SOUTH; CHICKENS; POULTRY; CHINA AB The ecology of avian influenza (AI) viruses in wild aquatic birds of Asia is poorly understood, especially for the H5N1 high pathogenicity AI (HPAI) viruses. From March 2006 through November 2008, 20 AI viruses were isolated in the Crimea region of Ukraine with an overall frequency of virus recovery of 3.3%. All the viruses were isolated from three species of dabbling ducks: mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), wigeon (Anas penelope), and garganey (Anas querquedula), making the frequency of virus recovery for dabbling ducks 6.3%. The viruses were predominantly isolated during the fall sampling period. All viruses were genetically and antigenically characterized. No H5N1 HPAI viruses were isolated, but other HA and NA subtypes were identified including H3N1 (2), H3N6 (3), H3N8 (4), H4N6 (6), H5N2 (3), H7N8 (1), and H10N6 (1) subtypes. All isolates were of low pathogenicity, as determined by the intravenous pathogenicity index of 0.00. For H5N2 and H7N8 isolates, the HA gene was sequenced and the phylogenetic analysis revealed possible ecologic connections of the Crimea region with AI viruses from Siberia and Europe. No influenza A isolates were recovered from other Anseriformes (diving ducks [two species of pochards] and graylag geese), Columbiformes (collared doves), Gruiformes (coot), and Galliformes (gray partridges). C1 [Swayne, D. E.] ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Kulak, M. V.; Ilinykh, F. A.; Zaykovskaya, A. V.; Epanchinzeva, A. V.; Sharshov, K. A.; Durimanov, A. G.; Shestopalov, A. M.; Drozdov, I. G.] State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol Vector, Dept Zoonot Infect & Influenza, Koltsov 633159, Russia. [Evstaphiev, I. L.; Tovtunec, N. N.; Penkovskaya, N. A.] Crimean Republican Sanit Epidemiol Stn, UA-98600 Crimea, Ukraine. [Lerman, I.] Ctr Integrat Med & Innovat Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM David.Swayne@ars.usda.gov RI Sharshov, Kirill/C-7693-2011; Shestopalov, Aleksander/C-7700-2011; Ilinykh, Philipp/L-5404-2014; OI Sharshov, Kirill/0000-0002-3946-9872; Shestopalov, Alexander/0000-0002-9734-0620 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 54 IS 3 BP 1086 EP 1090 DI 10.1637/9272-020510-ResNote.1 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 658XS UT WOS:000282528600018 PM 20945793 ER PT J AU Branton, SL Leigh, SA Purswell, JL Evans, JD Collier, SD Olanrewaju, HA Pharr, GT AF Branton, S. L. Leigh, S. A. Purswell, J. L. Evans, J. D. Collier, S. D. Olanrewaju, H. A. Pharr, G. T. TI A Chronicle of Serologic Response in Commercial Layer Chickens to Vaccination with Commercial F Strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum Vaccine SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE chicken; layers; Mycoplasma; poultry; vaccination; disease ID EGG-PRODUCTION AB Vaccination of multi-age layer operations, wherein one million plus commercial layer chickens are housed, has been spurious until the development of a self-propelled, constant-speed spray vaccinator. Still, even with its use, live Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) vaccinations have been questionable in terms of seroconversion. Using the vaccinator as a research tool over the past 5 yr, factors have been elucidated which impact seroconversion to one live MG vaccine in particular, the F strain of MG (FMG). These factors include the type of nozzle used to spray the vaccine, the temperature of the water used to rehydrate and administer the vaccine, and the pH and osmolarity of the fluid used to apply the vaccine. In the present study, one farm was monitored for its seroconversion rates over 4 1/2 yr, during which time the FMG vaccination protocol was amended as factors were identified that enhanced seroconversion rates. The results of this study showed that implementation and inclusion of the optimized factors into the vaccination protocol for FMG enhanced seroconversion rates because they went from an initial 50%-55% positive seroconversion rate to a consistent 100% positive seroconversion rate over the 56-mo study period. C1 [Branton, S. L.; Leigh, S. A.; Purswell, J. L.; Evans, J. D.; Collier, S. D.; Olanrewaju, H. A.] USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Pharr, G. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Branton, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM scott.branton@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 54 IS 3 BP 1108 EP 1111 DI 10.1637/9173-112409-Case.1 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 658XS UT WOS:000282528600023 PM 20945798 ER PT J AU Anderson, WF Dien, BS Jung, HJG Vogel, KP Weimer, PJ AF Anderson, William F. Dien, Bruce S. Jung, Hans-Joachim G. Vogel, Kenneth P. Weimer, Paul J. TI Effects of Forage Quality and Cell Wall Constituents of Bermuda Grass on Biochemical Conversion to Ethanol SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bermuda grass; Biochemical conversion; Fiber components; In vitro gas production; Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation ID KLASON LIGNIN; DIETARY FIBER; ACID; DIGESTIBILITY; PRETREATMENT; RESIDUES; STOVER; POLYSACCHARIDES; FERMENTABILITY; REGISTRATION AB Bermuda grass is an attractive candidate as a feedstock for biofuel production because over four million hectares of Bermuda grass are already grown for forage in the Southern USA. Because both rumen digestion and biochemical conversion to ethanol depend upon enzymatic conversion of the cell wall polysaccharides into fermentable sugars, it is probable that grasses bred for increased forage quality would be more amenable for ethanol production. However, it is not known how variation in rumen digestibility and cell wall/fiber components correlates with efficiency of conversion to ethanol via fermentation. The objective of this research was to determine relationships between ethanol production evaluated by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), 72-h in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro ruminal gas production after 24 and 96 h, and biomass composition for 50 genetically diverse Bermuda grass accessions. The Bermuda grass samples were subjected to standard 72-h IVDMD and forage fiber analyses. Also, in separate labs, gas production was measured in sealed volume-calibrated vials after 24 (NNG24) and 96 h (NNG96) of in vitro fermentation by ruminal fluid; ethanol and pentose sugar productions were measured from a bench-top SSF procedure; cell wall constituents were determined by the Uppsala Dietary Fiber Method; and total nitrogen, carbon, and ash concentrations were determined by using the LECO combustion method. Ethanol production was moderately correlated with IVDMD (r = 0.55) and NNG96 (r = 0.63) but highly correlated with NNG24 (r = 0.93). Ethanol was negatively correlated with neutral detergent fiber (NDF; r = -0.53) and pentose sugars (r = -0.60), but not correlated with glucose content. Regression models indicated that NDF and cell wall pentose sugar concentrations had significant negative effects on ethanol production. Variation among entries for IVDMD was affected by variability of NDF, pentose sugar concentrations, and biomass nitrogen content. Variation in Klason lignin content had only minor negative impacts on ethanol production and IVDMD. Biochemical conversion efficiency of Bermuda grass by SSF can be best estimated by NNG24 but not by IVDMD. C1 [Anderson, William F.] ARS, USDA, Tifton, GA USA. [Dien, Bruce S.] ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. [Jung, Hans-Joachim G.] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. [Vogel, Kenneth P.] ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE USA. [Weimer, Paul J.] ARS, USDA, Madison, WI USA. RP Anderson, WF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tifton, GA USA. EM bill.anderson@ars.usda.gov OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 42 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 225 EP 237 DI 10.1007/s12155-009-9063-9 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 637HJ UT WOS:000280807800001 ER PT J AU Schmer, MR Mitchell, RB Vogel, KP Schacht, WH Marx, DB AF Schmer, Marty R. Mitchell, Robert B. Vogel, Kenneth P. Schacht, Walter H. Marx, David B. TI Efficient Methods of Estimating Switchgrass Biomass Supplies SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; Indirect measurement; Sward height; Switchgrass; Visual obstruction ID STANDING CROP; VISUAL OBSTRUCTION; BIOENERGY CROP; ESTABLISHMENT; GRASSES; PRAIRIE; BIOFUEL; ENERGY AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is being developed as a biofuel feedstock for the United States. Efficient and accurate methods to estimate switchgrass biomass feedstock supply within a production area will be required by biorefineries. Our main objective was to determine the effectiveness of indirect methods for estimating biomass yields and composition of switchgrass fields. Indirect measurements were conducted in eastern Nebraska from 2003 to 2007 in which switchgrass biomass yields were manipulated using three nitrogen rates (0 kg N ha(-1), 60 kg N ha(-1), and 120 kg N ha(-1)) and two harvest periods (August and post-killing frost). A modified Robel pole was used to determine visual obstruction, elongated leaf height, and canopy height measurements. Prediction models from the study showed that elongated leaf height, visual obstruction, and canopy height measurements accounted for > 91%, > 90%, and > 82% of the variation in switchgrass biomass, respectively. Regression slopes were similar by cultivar ("Cave-in-Rock" and "Trailblazer"), harvest period, and across years indicating that a single model is applicable for determining biomass feedstock supply within a region, assuming similar harvesting methods. Sample numbers required to receive the same level of precision were as follows: elongated leaf height < canopy height < visual obstruction. Twenty to 30 elongated leaf height measurements in a field could predict switchgrass biomass yield within 10% of the mean with 95% confidence. Visual obstruction is recommended on switchgrass fields with low to variable stand densities while elongated leaf height measurements would be recommended on switchgrass fields with high, uniform stand densities. Incorporating an ocular device with a Robel pole provided reasonable frequency estimates of switchgrass, broadleaf weeds, and grassy weeds at the field scale. C1 [Schmer, Marty R.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Mitchell, Robert B.; Vogel, Kenneth P.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Schacht, Walter H.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Marx, David B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Schmer, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM marty.schmer@ars.usda.gov RI Schmer, Marty/H-3586-2011 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1007/s12155-009-9070-x PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 637HJ UT WOS:000280807800003 ER PT J AU Cortese, LM Honig, J Miller, C Bonos, SA AF Cortese, Laura M. Honig, Joshua Miller, Chris Bonos, Stacy A. TI Genetic Diversity of Twelve Switchgrass Populations Using Molecular and Morphological Markers SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ecotype; Genetic diversity; Lowland; Switchgrass; Upland ID BUFFALOGRASS BUCHLOE-DACTYLOIDES; GENIC MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; COMMON BEAN LANDRACES; PANICUM-VIRGATUM L.; NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT; SSR MARKERS; CHLOROPLAST DNA; RAPD VARIATION; GERMPLASM; REGISTRATION AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm season, C(4) perennial grass native to most of North America with numerous applications, including use as a bioenergy feedstock species. To date, no studies on genetic diversity in switchgrass have been conducted that use both molecular and morphological markers. The objectives of this study were to assess genetic diversity and determine differences among and between 12 switchgrass populations grown in New Jersey by examining both morphological and molecular characteristics, and to determine whether morphological, molecular, and/or combined data sets can detect ecotype and/or geographical differences at the population level. Twelve plants from each population were characterized with 16 switchgrass expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat markers (EST-SSRs) and seven morphological characters. Data was analyzed using GenAlEx and Unweighted Pair-Group Method of Averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis. Most (64%) of the molecular variation in switchgrass populations exists among individuals within populations, with lesser amounts between populations (36%). Upland and lowland populations were distinguished in all three data sets. Some eastern US and midwestern US populations were distinct in all three data sets. Similarities were observed between all three data sets indicating molecular markers may be useful for identifying morphological differences or other adaptive traits. The combined data set was the most useful in differentiating populations based on geography and found separation between midwestern and eastern upland populations. The results indicate that the combination of morphological and molecular markers may be useful in future applications such as genetic diversity studies, plant variety protection, cultivar identification, and/or identifying geographic origin. C1 [Cortese, Laura M.; Honig, Joshua; Bonos, Stacy A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Miller, Chris] USDA NRCS, Cape May Plant Mat Ctr, Cape May Court House, NJ 08210 USA. RP Cortese, LM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, Foran Hall,59 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM lauracor@eden.rutgers.edu FU Rutgers Center for Turfgrass Science FX The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions and Drs. Mike Casler, Peter Smouse, and Lena Struwe for their time and advice on data analysis. We are grateful to Eric Weibel, Rob Shortell, PhD, Matt Koch, Christine Kubik, and Matt Mattia for assistance with data collection. This research was supported by the Rutgers Center for Turfgrass Science. NR 52 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 262 EP 271 DI 10.1007/s12155-010-9078-2 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 637HJ UT WOS:000280807800005 ER PT J AU Shabana, YM Charudattan, R Abou Tabl, AH Morales-Payan, JP Rosskopf, EN Klassen, W AF Shabana, Yasser M. Charudattan, R. Abou Tabl, Ayman H. Morales-Payan, J. Pablo Rosskopf, Erin N. Klassen, Waldemar TI Production and application of the bioherbicide agent Dactylaria higginsii on organic solid substrates SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Spore production; Organic substrates; Solid substrates; Dactylaria higginsii; Bioherbicides; Nutsedge ID NUTSEDGE CYPERUS-ROTUNDUS; PURPLE NUTSEDGE; MASS-PRODUCTION; ESCULENTUS; CONIDIA; GERMINATION; COMPETITION; SEED; SOIL AB Purple nutsedge and yellow nutsedge are serious weeds in Florida and in many parts of the world. Dactylaria higginsii is a promising bioherbicide candidate for these weeds. This fungus does not sporulate in liquid culture. Thus, for mass production of D. higginsii, 19 solid substrates were tested, including dried, cut culms or foliage of 14 different plants prepared as hays, sugarcane bagasse, a commercial peat-based microbe carrier (BioAPT), and two recycled papers (kraft paper and newspaper). These substrates were tested alone or amended either with 0.01% indole butyric acid (IBA), which enhances growth and/or sporulation of D. higginsii, potato dextrose broth (PDB) for nutrient amendment, or PDB + IBA. Yield of D. higginsii conidia produced on these substrates was measured 4 and 12 weeks after inoculation. Conidia were tested for virulence on purple and yellow nutsedges in the greenhouse. Hays without amendments or amended with PDB yielded more conidia which were also more virulent than those produced on hays amended with IBA. Conidial yields were highest when the fungus was grown on purple nutsedge hay without amendments for 4 weeks but conidia produced on this medium had low virulence. Conidia produced on sorghum x sudangrass and cogongrass hays were slightly larger and thicker walled than those produced on other substrates. Conidia produced on sorghum x sudangrass were the most virulent on nutsedge seedlings. Purple nutsedge was more susceptible to D. higginsii than yellow nutsedge. Cogongrass and sorghum x sudangrass hay substrates offer a suitable and easy medium for large-scale production of D. higginsii. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Shabana, Yasser M.; Charudattan, R.; Abou Tabl, Ayman H.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Morales-Payan, J. Pablo] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crops & Agro Environm Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Rosskopf, Erin N.] ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Klassen, Waldemar] Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. RP Shabana, YM (reprint author), Mansoura Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fac Agr, Mansoura, Egypt. EM yassershabana2@yahoo.com RI Rinaldi2, Carlos/D-4479-2011 FU USDA [2006-34135-17493] FX Funding for this research was provided by a USDA-CSREES TSTAR Award # 2006-34135-17493. We thank the Senior Vice-President for Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Florida/IFAS for providing salary support for Yasser Shabana. We also thank the UF/IFAS Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants for support and to Mark Elliott, Sahar Gomaa, and Gabriella Maia for their technical help. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2010 VL 54 IS 3 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.05.002 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 634RS UT WOS:000280602100001 ER PT J AU Fernandes, EKK Keyser, CA Rangel, DEN Foster, RN Roberts, DW AF Fernandes, Everton K. K. Keyser, Chad A. Rangel, Drauzio E. N. Foster, R. Nelson Roberts, Donald W. TI CTC medium: A novel dodine-free selective medium for isolating entomopathogenic fungi, especially Metarhizium acridum, from soil SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Selective medium; Entomopathogenic fungi; Beauveria bassiana; Beauveria brongniartii; Metarhizium brunneum; Metarhizium acridum; Chloramphenicol; Thiabendazole; Cycloheximide ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PATHOGENIC FUNGI; ANISOPLIAE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PHYTOPHTHORA; GRASSHOPPERS; PYTHIUM; CONIDIA; LOCUSTS AB The selective media most commonly used for isolating hyphomycetous species of entomopathogenic fungi from non-sterile substrates rely on N-dodecylguanidine monoacetate (dodine) as the selective fungicide. Although these media are effective for isolating many species of Metarhizium and Beauveria from soil, they are inefficient media for isolation of an important Metarhizium species, Metarhizium acridum, from non-sterile soil. Our current study was directed to formulating a dodine-free selective medium that is efficient for isolating naturally occurring Beauveria spp. and Metarhizium spp., especially M. acridum, from soil. The selective medium (designated CTC medium) consists of potato dextrose agar plus yeast extract (PDAY) supplemented with chloramphenicol, thiabendazole and cycloheximide. In comparisons with selective media previously reported in the literature, the CTC medium afforded colonies that were larger and had both earlier and more abundant conidiation of entomopathogenic fungi, features which greatly facilitated identification of the emerging entomopathogenic fungi. In addition to efficient re-isolation of M. acridum, this medium also is an effective tool for selective isolation of Metarhizium brunneum, Metarhizium robertsii, Beauveria bassiana and Beauveria brongniartii from non-sterile field-collected soil samples inoculated (spiked) with fresh conidia in the laboratory. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fernandes, Everton K. K.; Keyser, Chad A.; Rangel, Drauzio E. N.; Roberts, Donald W.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Foster, R. Nelson] USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Roberts, DW (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM donald.roberts@usu.edu RI Rangel, Drauzio/C-2711-2012; Roberts, Donald/B-6649-2014; Fernandes, Everton/I-4890-2012 OI Rangel, Drauzio/0000-0001-7188-100X; Fernandes, Everton/0000-0001-7062-3295 FU Utah Department of Agriculture and Food [8173]; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA, APHIS); Community/University Research Initiative of Utah State University FX We are grateful to Susan Durham (Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA) for the statistical analyses, and to Richard A. Humber (USDA/ARS, Ithaca, NY, USA) for providing the fungal isolates used in this study. We very much appreciate helpful comments by our anonymous reviewers and especially the detailed observations of our Biological Control Editor (H.K.K.). We also thank our laboratory technicians: Alessandra Fernandes, Carmina Moore, Fabiana Alvarez and Scott Treat for their careful attention to detail in the experiments of this study. This research was supported by grants from the Utah Department of Agriculture and Food, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA, APHIS) and the Community/University Research Initiative of Utah State University. Paper 8173 of the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2010 VL 54 IS 3 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.05.009 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 634RS UT WOS:000280602100006 ER PT J AU Martin, MR Tipping, PW Reddy, KR Daroub, SH Roberts, KM AF Martin, Melissa R. Tipping, Philip W. Reddy, K. R. Daroub, Samira H. Roberts, Katrina M. TI Interactions of biological and herbicidal management of Melaleuca quinquenervia with fire: Consequences for ecosystem services SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Fire; Invasion; Exotic; Nutrient; Melaleuca quinquenervia ID OXYOPS-VITIOSA COLEOPTERA; CONTROL AGENT; PLANT INVASION; INTRODUCED INSECTS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; AUSTRALIAN WEEVIL; CAV. BLAKE,S.T.; HOST-RANGE; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS AB Exotic plant species invasion can alter ecosystem nutrient dynamics and natural disturbance patterns. The Australian tree Melaleuca quinquenervia has extensively invaded the Florida Everglades and is currently being suppressed using mechanical, herbicidal, and biological control management strategies. While these methods have been evaluated based on reductions in density and abundance of the target weed, other factors should be considered including consequences for ecosystem nutrient storages and interactions with natural disturbances such as fire. We hypothesized that the choice of management tactics, namely herbicidal or biological control, would differentially influence the quantity and availability of soil nutrients before and after a seasonal fire. The management of M. quinquenervia with a herbicide reduced the above-and belowground storage of nutrients both before and after a fire compared to a non-invaded area, while biological control increased storage. There were no differences in nitrogen availability between sites (non-invaded, herbicide, biological control) in the 0-5 cm or 5-15 cm soil depths before or after the fire. Pre-fire phosphorus availability was highest in the non-invaded site in the 05 cm soil depth and in the biological control site in the 5-15 cm soil depth. However, phosphorus availability was highest at both depths in the herbicide site post-fire. Biological control of M. quinquenervia using insect herbivores has proven to be effective at controlling plant growth and reproduction. The results of this study suggest that this method may have less of an impact on nutrient storage and cycling than herbicides. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Martin, Melissa R.; Reddy, K. R.; Roberts, Katrina M.] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Tipping, Philip W.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Daroub, Samira H.] Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. RP Martin, MR (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 9900 SW 107th Ave, Miami, FL 33176 USA. EM Melissa.R.Martin@usace.army.mil FU NSF-IGERT; UF, Soil and Water Science; Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council; Everglades Foundation FX We are especially appreciative of the invaluable insights and long hours of field support of the staff of the USDA-ARS Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, including Eileen Pokorny, Kayla Nimmo, Danyelle Fitzgerald, Susan Keusch, Elizabeth Mattison, and Elizabeth Bolton. We also thank Gavin Wilson, Yu Wang, and Vivana Nadal for laboratory and technical support. This work was partially funded by the Adaptive Management of Water, Wetlands, and Watershed program (NSF-IGERT), the Sam Polston Memorial Fellowship (UF, Soil and Water Science), the Julia Morton Invasive Plant Research Grant Program (Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council), and the Everglades Foundation Graduate Fellowship Program. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2010 VL 54 IS 3 BP 307 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.06.002 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 634RS UT WOS:000280602100020 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Oi, DH Porter, SD AF Valles, Steven M. Oi, David H. Porter, Sanford D. TI Seasonal variation and the co-occurrence of four pathogens and a group of parasites among monogyne and polygyne fire ant colonies SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta virus; Red imported fire ant; Kneallhazia solenopsae; Pseudacteon spp.; Biocontrol ID THELOHANIA-SOLENOPSAE MICROSPORIDIA; STRAND RNA VIRUS; INVICTA HYMENOPTERA; MULTIPLEX PCR; INFECTION-RATE; FORMICIDAE; POPULATIONS; PREVALENCE; IMPACT; FLIES AB A year-long survey was conducted to determine the seasonality and co-occurrence of four pathogens and a group of parasites in colonies of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, in north-central Florida. Solenopsis invicta colonies were sampled and examined for the presence of Pseudacteon spp. (P. curvatus, P. tricuspis, P. obtusus) parasitic phorid flies, a microsporidian pathogen (Kneallhazia solenopsae) and 3 S. invicta viruses (SINV-1, SINV-2, and SINV-3) by PCR or RT-PCR methods. In addition, the social form designation of each colony (single- or multiple-queen) was determined by genotyping worker ants at the Gp-9 locus to determine if the pathogens or parasites were associated with monogyne or polygyne fire ant colonies. Seasonal variability was observed in the prevalence of all pathogens/parasites examined, with SINV-1, SINV-3, and K. solenopsae exhibiting pronounced seasonality. SINV-1 and K. solenopsae infections were most prevalent among colonies during warmer periods of the year, while SINV-3 was most prevalent during the cooler periods. As hypothesized, pathogens were found more commonly in polygyne colonies than in monogyne colonies. Infection comparisons by social form revealed higher infection rates of K. solenopsae and SINV-2 in polygyne colony samples compared with monogyne colony samples. The overall colony infection and parasitism rate among the 360 colonies sampled, regardless of social form, was 60.3% (SINV-1), 8.9% (SINV-2), 10.8% (SINV-3), 22.5% (K. solenopsae), and 8.1% (Pseudacteon flies). An interesting pattern was observed between the number of different pathogens or parasites detected in monogyne and polygyne colonies. The majority of monogyne colonies (>80%) were either uninfected or infected or parasitized with only a single pathogen/parasite while the majority of polygyne colonies (>55%) were infected or parasitized with 2 or more pathogens/parasites simultaneously. Higher pathogen/parasite prevalence among polygyne colonies is attributed to lower genetic relatedness (among nestmates), increased colony longevity, and the proclivity of polygyne colonies to share workers, brood and queens among their interconnected colonies. Evaluation of pairwise co-occurrence data indicated that the pathogens and fly parasites were usually independently distributed among host colonies; however, unknown local factors did cause several significant deviations from expected values. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Valles, Steven M.; Oi, David H.; Porter, Sanford D.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM steven.valles@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2010 VL 54 IS 3 BP 342 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.06.006 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 634RS UT WOS:000280602100024 ER PT J AU Hajek, AE Tobin, PC AF Hajek, Ann E. Tobin, Patrick C. TI Micro-managing arthropod invasions: eradication and control of invasive arthropods with microbes SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Arthropod pathogens; Augmentation biological control; Biological invasions; Classical biological control; Containment; Eradication; Lymantria dispar ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; EMERALD ASH BORER; ASIAN LONGHORNED BEETLE; GLABRIPENNIS MOTCHULSKY COLEOPTERA; AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; PATHOGEN ENTOMOPHAGA-MAIMAIGA; LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; BASSIANA STRAIN GHA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ANOPLOPHORA-GLABRIPENNIS AB Non-indigenous arthropods are increasingly being introduced into new areas worldwide and occasionally they cause considerable ecological and economic harm. Many invasive arthropods particularly pose problems to areas of human habitation and native ecosystems. In these cases, the use of environmentally benign materials, such as host-specific entomopathogens, can be more desirable than broader spectrum control tactics that tend to cause greater non-target effects. The majority of successful eradication programs using arthropod pathogens have targeted invasive Lepidoptera with Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Btk), such as eradication efforts against the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), in North America and New Zealand. Both Btk and Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus have been successfully used in efforts to limit the spread of L. dispar in the United States. For invasive arthropod species that are well established, suppression programs have successfully used arthropod-pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi and nematodes for either short- or long-term management. We will summarize the use of pathogens and nematodes in invasive arthropod management programs within a general context, and compare the use of microbes in gypsy moth management with diverse microbes being developed for use against other invasive arthropods. C1 [Hajek, Ann E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tobin, Patrick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Hajek, AE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM aeh4@cornell.edu NR 128 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD SEP PY 2010 VL 12 IS 9 BP 2895 EP 2912 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9735-6 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 638KE UT WOS:000280892600004 ER PT J AU Heimpel, GE Frelich, LE Landis, DA Hopper, KR Hoelmer, KA Sezen, Z Asplen, MK Wu, KM AF Heimpel, George E. Frelich, Lee E. Landis, Douglas A. Hopper, Keith R. Hoelmer, Kim A. Sezen, Zeynep Asplen, Mark K. Wu, Kongming TI European buckthorn and Asian soybean aphid as components of an extensive invasional meltdown in North America SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Invasional meltdown; Lumbricus terrestris; Rhamnus cathartica; Aphis glycines; Puccinia coronata; Harmonia axyridis; Sturnus vulgaris; Bipalium adventitium; Agonum muelleri; Aphelinus certus; Binodoxys communis ID CLASSICAL BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; OAT CROWN RUST; F-SP AVENAE; GROUND BEETLES COLEOPTERA; RHAMNUS-CATHARTICA L.; NATURAL ENEMIES; UNITED-STATES; HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS; EARTHWORM POPULATIONS; GLYCINES HOMOPTERA AB We consider the possibility of an extensive invasional meltdown occurring in central North America involving eleven Eurasian species. The scenario begins with the potential co-facilitation between the European earthworm Lumbricus terrestris and European buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica. Once introduced, European buckthorn has served as the overwintering host for two important invasive crop pests, oat crown rust, Puccinea coronata and the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines. The spread of R. cathartica itself may have been aided by seed dispersal by the European starling, Sturnus vulgaris, and the presence of L. terrestris has likely facilitated the invasion of Bipalium adventitium, an Asian predatory flatworm that specializes on earthworms. Beyond this, the soybean aphid is consumed by a number of introduced species, including the lady beetle Harmonia axyridis, the ground beetle Agonum muelleri and the parasitoid Aphelinus certus. We hypothesize that the presence of soybean aphid increases regional abundances of these species. We discuss both the evidence for this multi-species invasional meltdown scenario and potential implications of meltdown dynamics for invasive species management. The particular management issues that we discuss are: (1) opportunities for managing multiple invasive species simultaneously by targeting facilitator species, and (2) implications of meltdown dynamics for biological control introductions against the soybean aphid. C1 [Heimpel, George E.; Sezen, Zeynep; Asplen, Mark K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Frelich, Lee E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Landis, Douglas A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hopper, Keith R.; Hoelmer, Kim A.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Wu, Kongming] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Inst Plant Protect, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. RP Heimpel, GE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM heimp001@umn.edu OI Frelich, Lee/0000-0002-9052-7070 FU North Central Soybean Research Council; Minnesota Soybean Research and Promotion Council; University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station; Minneapolis Foundation; USDA National Research Initiative; NSF; MSU Environmental Research Initiative; Michigan Agricultural Experiment station; USDA; University of Minnesota FX We thank Sarah Gunderson, Simon Lueth and Yanhui Li for help with field experiments, Stuart Gage for sharing his long-term data set on coccinellids at the Kellogg Biological Station LTER site, Mary Gardiner and Jonathan Lundgren for sharing unpublished information, and two anonymous reviewers for suggestions on the manuscript. GEH and SZ were supported in part by a grant from the North Central Soybean Research Council, the Minnesota Soybean Research and Promotion Council and the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. LEF was supported in part by the Jonathan and Lois Bishop fund of the Minneapolis Foundation. DAL was supported in part by the USDA National Research Initiative, NSF Long Term Ecological Research Program, MSU Environmental Research Initiative, and the Michigan Agricultural Experiment station. MKA was supported in part by a grant from the USDA North Central Regional IPM Program. The sketches in Fig. 1 were drawn by Julie Martinez with support from the Minnesota Futures program at the University of Minnesota. NR 127 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 9 U2 117 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD SEP PY 2010 VL 12 IS 9 BP 2913 EP 2931 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9736-5 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 638KE UT WOS:000280892600005 ER PT J AU Ahern, RG Landis, DA Reznicek, AA Schemske, DW AF Ahern, Robert G. Landis, Douglas A. Reznicek, Anton A. Schemske, Douglas W. TI Spread of exotic plants in the landscape: the role of time, growth habit, and history of invasiveness SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Environmental policy; Exotic plants; Invasion biology; Invasive species; Rates of spread; Pest risk analysis ID INVASION SUCCESS; RESIDENCE TIME; ALIEN PLANTS; SPECIES ATTRIBUTES; RISK ASSESSMENT; ANNUAL GRASSES; NORTH-AMERICA; DIVERSITY; PREDICTIONS; DISTURBANCE AB We investigated the relative contribution of minimum residence time, growth habit, and history of invasiveness to the spread of exotic plants in Michigan and California. Our data include minimum residence time as estimated by earliest herbarium collection records, growth habit, and history of invasiveness for over 2000 records from two herbaria (MI = 943, CA = 1131). Our data support the hypothesis that minimum residence time is highly associated with landscape spread, explaining 39-44% of variation in the number of counties invaded. In contrast, growth habit and history of invasiveness explained a small fraction of variation in spread in California but not Michigan. Over the past 30 years exotic plant species frequently became established in Michigan and California (a parts per thousand yen50 species per decade), suggesting that many more species will become invasive over time. There is an urgent need to develop effective policies for exotic plant management. In both states we found significant positive correlations between minimum residence time and species occurrence on state invasive plant lists. Further, we found historical information on the pest status of a plant species introduced into a similar environment to be relevant in determining landscape spread of exotic plants. We conclude that efforts to predict exotic species spread based on biological characteristics may have limited success, and instead endorse pest risk analysis for proposed new imports coupled with rapid detection and early response for unintended and unwanted introductions. C1 [Ahern, Robert G.] USDA, Plant Epidemiol & Risk Anal Lab, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Landis, Douglas A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Integrated Plant Syst 204, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Reznicek, Anton A.] Univ Michigan Herbarium, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Schemske, Douglas W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Schemske, Douglas W.] Michigan State Univ, WK Kellogg Biol Stn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Ahern, RG (reprint author), USDA, Plant Epidemiol & Risk Anal Lab, 1730 Vars Dr,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM robert.g.ahern@aphis.usda.gov FU Michigan State University Environmental Research Initiative; Environmental Sciences and Policy Program FX Edward Voss (University of Michigan Herbarium) assisted with accessing records for MI, Christine LeDuc assisted with collection of herbaria records, and Bruce Baldwin (Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkley) provided input on species lists. J. Maron, J. Lau, and J. Evans provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This manuscript was improved by the comments of two anonymous reviewers. The authors acknowledge support from the Michigan State University Environmental Research Initiative and the Environmental Sciences and Policy Program. The views expressed in this document do not reflect those of the United States Department of Agriculture or of the United States government. NR 60 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD SEP PY 2010 VL 12 IS 9 BP 3157 EP 3169 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9707-x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 638KE UT WOS:000280892600028 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Nafus, AM Sheley, RL AF Davies, Kirk W. Nafus, Aleta M. Sheley, Roger L. TI Non-native competitive perennial grass impedes the spread of an invasive annual grass SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Biotic resistance; Invasibility; Medusahead; Prevention; Propagule pressure ID PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; GREAT-BASIN; INVASIBILITY; CHEATGRASS; MANAGEMENT; RESOURCES; DISPERSAL; RANGELAND; DESERT AB Invasive plants are degrading wildlands around the globe by displacing native species, reducing biodiversity, and altering ecological functions. The current approach of applying herbicides to invasive plants in wildlands has not been effective at curtailing their expansion and, in certain circumstances, may do more harm than good. Preventing the spread of invasive species has been identified as an important strategy to protect wildlands. However, few prevention strategies have actually been tested. We hypothesized that establishing competitive vegetation next to infestations would increase the biotic resistance of the plant community to invasion and decrease the invasive species propagule pressure beyond the competitive vegetation. To evaluate this, we established twelve competitive vegetation barriers in front of invasive annual grass, Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski, infestations. The non-native perennial grass Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult. was seeded into plant communities adjacent to the infestations to create the competitive vegetation barriers. Soil nutrient concentrations and the spread of T. caput-medusae were compared between where A. desertorum was seeded and not seeded (control treatment) 3 years after treatment. Less T. caput-medusae and lower soil ammonium and potassium concentrations in the competitive vegetation barrier than control treatment (P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.01) suggest that establishing competitive vegetation increased the biotic resistance of the plant communities to invasion. Taeniatherum caput-medusae cover and density in the plant communities protected by the competitive vegetation barrier (locales across the barriers from the infestations) were similar to 42- and 47-fold less, respectively, than unprotected plant communities (P < 0.01). This suggests that invasive plant propagule pressure was decreased in the plant communities protected by competitive vegetation barriers. The establishment of competitive vegetation around infestations may be an effective strategy to prevent or at least reduce the spread of invasive plant species. C1 [Davies, Kirk W.; Nafus, Aleta M.; Sheley, Roger L.] ARS, USDA, Burns, OR USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Burns, OR USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Oregon State University FX We thank Brett Bingham, Stacy McKnight, Elaine Cramer, Tate Walters, Julie Garner, Shawna Lang, Josh Monson, Matt Coffman, Eric Hough, and Rachel Svejcar for assisting with data collection. The authors also are grateful to the Burns-District Bureau of Land Management (BLM) for providing the land for this research project. Specifically, the authors thank Lesley Richman, BLM Weed Ecologist, for assisting with locating and securing the study area. The authors also appreciate thoughtful reviews of the manuscript by Ed Vasquez and Dustin Johnson. The Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center is jointly funded by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service and Oregon State University. This experiment complies with the current laws of the country it which it was performed. NR 42 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD SEP PY 2010 VL 12 IS 9 BP 3187 EP 3194 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9710-2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 638KE UT WOS:000280892600030 ER PT J AU Yang, CC Yu, YC Valles, SM Oi, DH Chen, YC Shoemaker, D Wu, WJ Shih, CJ AF Yang, Chin-Cheng Yu, Yi-Chih Valles, Steven M. Oi, David H. Chen, Yin-Cheng Shoemaker, DeWayne Wu, Wen-Jer Shih, Cheng-Jen TI Loss of microbial (pathogen) infections associated with recent invasions of the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Enemy release hypothesis; Invasive species; Microsporidia; Solenopsis invicta; RNA virus; Wolbachia ID ENEMY RELEASE HYPOTHESIS; MICROSPORIDIA VAIRIMORPHA-INVICTAE; ACER-PLATANOIDES L.; STRAND RNA VIRUS; THELOHANIA-SOLENOPSAE; INTRODUCED POPULATIONS; WOLBACHIA INFECTIONS; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; FORMICIDAE COLONIES; LINEPITHEMA-HUMILE AB Loss of natural enemies during colonization is a prominent hypothesis explaining enhanced performance of invasive species in introduced areas. Numerous studies have tested this enemy release hypothesis in a wide range of taxa but few studies have focused on invasive ants. We conducted extensive surveys for the presence of six microbes in recently established populations (California, Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan, and China) of the invasive fire ant Solenopsis invicta. These microbes include Wolbachia, two microsporidia (Kneallhazia solenopsae and Vairimorpha invictae) and three RNA viruses (SINV-1, -2 and -3), all of which previously have been reported in native South American populations of S. invicta. These surveys showed that the total number of enemy species is lower in the recently invaded areas compared with both South American and US populations. Only two microbes were found in any of these recently invaded areas: SINV-1 was detected in all surveyed populations except Australia and New Zealand, and SINV-2 was detected in California and Taiwan only. These results support the general prediction that invasive species lose many of their natural enemies during invasion. Further, the conspicuous absence of some of these microbes in these areas may result from strong selection against founders due to fitness costs associated with harboring detrimental infections rather than the alternative hypothesis that they simply were absent among the original founders. While the successful invasion of S. invicta in these recently invaded areas may be explained partly by the absence of natural enemies, other factors likely have been important as well. C1 [Yang, Chin-Cheng; Yu, Yi-Chih; Chen, Yin-Cheng; Wu, Wen-Jer; Shih, Cheng-Jen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Entomol, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Yang, Chin-Cheng; Valles, Steven M.; Oi, David H.; Shoemaker, DeWayne] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Wu, Wen-Jer] Natl Taiwan Univ, Res Ctr Plant Med, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Shih, CJ (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Entomol, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM shihcj@ntu.edu.tw FU Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan [93AS-1.8.1-BQ-BE, 95AS-13.1.2-BQ-B3, 98AS-9.1.2-BQ-B1(1)] FX The research is financially supported in part by grants from the Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine (93AS-1.8.1-BQ-BE, 95AS-13.1.2-BQ-B3, 98AS-9.1.2-BQ-B1(1)), Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan. We thank Li-Zhi Luo and Jing-Guo Shao from Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Keith McCubbin from Australian Fire Ant Control Centre, Les Greenberg from the University of California at Riverside, Siu-Wah Kong and Chia-Hung Hsieh from National Taiwan University, and staff from National Red Imported Fire Ant Control Center, Taiwan for their assistance in collection of samples. Helpful comments from Sanford Porter and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved an earlier version of this manuscript. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 80 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 7 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD SEP PY 2010 VL 12 IS 9 BP 3307 EP 3318 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9724-9 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 638KE UT WOS:000280892600041 ER PT J AU Isenberg, SL Brewer, AK Cote, GL Striegel, AM AF Isenberg, Samantha L. Brewer, Amandaa K. Cote, Gregory L. Striegel, Andre M. TI Hydrodynamic versus Size Exclusion Chromatography Characterization of Alternan and Comparison to Off-Line MALS SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-TOPOLOGY FRACTIONATION; COMPLEX BRANCHED POLYMERS; MULTIPLE-DETECTION; MACROMOLECULES; DEGRADATION; SCATTERING AB Alternan is an ultrahigh molar mass polysaccharide composed of alternating alpha-(1 -> 3) and alpha-(1 -> 6) repeat units and that also possesses long-chain branching. Its molar mass distribution (MMD) can extend into the hundreds of millions of grams per mole. Characterizing alternan by means of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a lengthy process and an incomplete one because even under the best possible experimental conditions, the polysaccharide appears to degrade during its passage through the SEC columns. As an alternative to SEC, we have investigated the use of hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) as a possible characterization technique for alternan. Results from packed-column HDC with multiangle static light scattering (MALS) detection compare favorably to results from off-line MALS analysis, and HDC results are obtained in a fraction of the time needed for SEC. The largest molar mass alternan did appear to undergo some degradation during HDC as a result of interstitial stresses in the column bed. This could be remedied by the use of columns with larger packing particles. Evidence of long-chain branching in alternan is provided via a comparison of the intrinsic viscosities and viscometric radii of the polysaccharide to those of a pullulan standard and of a theoretical pullulan of molar mass equal to those of the alternans examined. C1 [Cote, Gregory L.] ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, USDA, NCUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Isenberg, Samantha L.; Brewer, Amandaa K.; Striegel, Andre M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Cote, GL (reprint author), ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, USDA, NCUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Greg.Cote@ars.usda.gov; striegel@chem.fsu.edu FU American Chemical Society [1-1312-0050] FX We acknowledge the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for partial support of this research through grant 1-1312-0050. We also thank the reviewers for their constructive suggestions, Imad Haidar Ahmad for his assistance when needed, Agilent/Polymer Laboratories for their kind donation of the HDC columns, Peter Kilz for providing us with the Mark-Houwink K and a values for pullulan in DMSO, and Leena Pitkanen for helpful discussions. The use of brand or trade names may be necessary to report factually on available data. The USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD SEP PY 2010 VL 11 IS 9 BP 2505 EP 2511 DI 10.1021/bm100687b PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 647PB UT WOS:000281629600042 PM 20690593 ER PT J AU Cheenpracha, S Park, EJ Yoshida, WY Barit, C Wall, M Pezzuto, JM Chang, LC AF Cheenpracha, Sarot Park, Eun-Jung Yoshida, Wesley Y. Barit, Chaz Wall, Marisa Pezzuto, John M. Chang, Leng Chee TI Potential anti-inflammatory phenolic glycosides from the medicinal plant Moringa oleifera fruits SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Isothiocyanate; Isothiocarbamate; Anti-inflammatory activity; Moringa oleifera ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION; HYPOTENSIVE AGENTS; CANCER; PROGRESSION; NECK; HEAD AB Bioassay-guided isolation and purification of the ethyl acetate extract of Moringa oleifera fruits yielded three new phenolic glycosides; 4-[(2'-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl] isothiocyanate (1), 4-[(3'-Oacetyl-alpha-L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl] isothiocyanate (2), and S-methyl-N-{4-[(alpha-L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl]}thiocarbamate (3), together with five known phenolic glycosides (4-8). The structures of the new metabolites were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses including 1D- and 2D-NMR and mass spectrometry. The anti-inflammatory activity of isolated compounds was investigated with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line. It was found that 4-[(2'-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl] isothiocyanate (1) possessed potent NO-inhibitory activity with an IC(50) value of 1.67 mu M, followed by 2 (IC(50) = 2.66 mu M), 4 (IC(50) = 2.71 mu M), and 5 (IC(50) = 14.4 mu M), respectively. Western blots demonstrated these compounds reduced LPS-mediated iNOS expression. In the concentration range of the IC50 values, no significant cytotoxicity was noted. Structure-activity relationships following NO-release indicated: (1) the isothiocyanate group was essential for activity, (2) acetylation of the isothiocyanate derivatives at C-2' or at C-3' of rhamnose led to higher activity, (3) un-acetylated isothiocyanate derivatives displayed eight times less activity than the acetylated derivatives, and (4) acetylation of the thiocarbamate derivatives enhanced activity. These data indicate compounds 1, 2, 4 and 5 are responsible for the reported NO-inhibitory effect of Moringa oleifera fruits, and further studies are warranted. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheenpracha, Sarot; Park, Eun-Jung; Barit, Chaz; Pezzuto, John M.; Chang, Leng Chee] Univ Hawaii Hilo, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Coll Pharm, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Yoshida, Wesley Y.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wall, Marisa] USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Chang, LC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Hilo, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Coll Pharm, 34 Rainbow Dr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM lengchee@hawaii.edu FU NIH-INBRE; College of Pharmacy; National Cancer Institute [P01 CA48112] FX We would like to thank David Horgen (Hawai'i Pacific University) for assistance with 300 MHz NMR measurements, and Philip Williams and Jingiu Dai (University of Hawai'i Manoa, Department of Chemistry) for assistance with mass spectrometry. The Undergraduate Research Award from the American Society of Pharmacognosy (to C. Barit) is gratefully acknowledged. Financial support was obtained from NIH-INBRE and start-up funds from College of Pharmacy, and P01 CA48112 awarded by the National Cancer Institute. NR 18 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 17 BP 6598 EP 6602 DI 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.03.057 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 642II UT WOS:000281203300040 PM 20685125 ER PT J AU Jung, S Kim, S Bae, H Lim, HS Bae, HJ AF Jung, Sera Kim, Suyeon Bae, Hanhong Lim, Hyoun-Sub Bae, Hyeun-Jong TI Expression of thermostable bacterial beta-glucosidase (BglB) in transgenic tobacco plants SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beta-Glucosidase; Thermostability; Transgenic plant; Bioconversion ID CELLULOLYTICUS ENDOGLUCANASE E1; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; THERMOTOGA-MARITIMA; AUTOHYDROLYSIS; TRANSFORMATION; PURIFICATION; PRETREATMENT; HYDROLYSIS; BIOETHANOL; BIOFUELS AB Transgenic tobacco plants expressing the hyperthermostable B-glucosidase BglB of Thermotoga mamma were generated with the goal of cost-effective production of the enzyme for the application in bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass. The enzyme was targeted to the cytosol and chloroplasts, where it accumulated to level of 4.5% and 5.8% of total soluble protein, respectively The optimal temperature and pH of the plant-expressed BglB was 80 degrees C and 4.5, respectively. BglB activity was preserved in leaves after lyophilization, but decreased by over 70% with drying at room temperature When BglB was synergistically supplied in a 1% (w/v) rice straw with Cel5A for efficient cellulase conversion, a 37% increase in glucose was observed This report demonstrates the potential of utilizing transgenic tobacco for mass production of BglB. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Jung, Sera; Bae, Hyeun-Jong] Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Forest Prod & Technol, Program BK21, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Kim, Suyeon; Bae, Hyeun-Jong] Chonnam Natl Univ, Bioenergy Res Inst, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Bae, Hanhong] Yeungnam Univ, Sch Biotechnol, Gyongsan 712749, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. [Lim, Hyoun-Sub] ARS, USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bae, Hyeun-Jong] Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Bioenergy Sci & Technol, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. RP Bae, HJ (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Forest Prod & Technol, Program BK21, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. FU Rural Development Administration [20070301034013]; Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea [R31-2009-000-20025-0] FX This work was supported by a grant from the BioGreen 21 Program of Rural Development Administration (20070301034013) and from the World Class University project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea (R31-2009-000-20025-0). SRJ is grateful to the Ministry of Education's BK21 program. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 101 IS 18 BP 7144 EP 7150 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.140 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 621KD UT WOS:000279575300038 ER PT J AU Zhang, HH Lan, YB Lacey, R Hoffmann, WC Martin, DE Fritz, B Lopez, J AF Zhang, Huihui Lan, Yubin Lacey, Ronald Hoffmann, W. Clint Martin, Daniel E. Fritz, Brad Lopez, Juan, Jr. TI Ground-based spectral reflectance measurements for evaluating the efficacy of aerially- applied glyphosate treatments SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SPRAY DEPOSITION; NITROGEN; COTTON; CORN; VARIABILITY; PREDICTION; VEGETATION; BIOMASS AB Aerial application of herbicides is a common tool in agricultural field management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate herbicide applied using aircraft fitted with both conventional and emerging aerial nozzle technologies. A weedy field was set up in a randomised complete block experimental design using three replicates. Four aerial spray technology treatments, electrostatic nozzles with charging off, electrostatic nozzles with charging on, conventional flat-fan hydraulic nozzles and rotary atomisers, were tested. To evaluate the glyphosate efficacy and performance of aerial spray technologies, spectral reflectance measurements were acquired using a ground-based sensing system for all treatment plots. Three measurements were taken at 1, 8, and 17 days after treatment (DAT). The statistical analyses indicated that glyphosate applied with different methods killed the weeds effectively compared to untreated areas at 17 DAT. Conventional flat-fan nozzles and rotary atomisers performed better than the electrostatic nozzles with charging off. There was no evidence to show that the electrostatic nozzle performed better with charging on or charging off. The results could provide applicators with guidance equipment configurations that can result in herbicide savings and optimised applications in other crops. (C) 2010 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lan, Yubin; Hoffmann, W. Clint; Martin, Daniel E.; Fritz, Brad; Lopez, Juan, Jr.] USDA ARS, College Stn, TX USA. [Zhang, Huihui; Lacey, Ronald] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX USA. RP Lan, YB (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX USA. EM yubin.lan@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) FX This study was supported in part by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program, funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB). The authors express their sincere gratitude to Mr. Mike O' Neil and Mr. Charlie Harris for helping with ground-based field tests. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 107 IS 1 BP 10 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2010.06.006 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 654WI UT WOS:000282201400002 ER PT J AU Lugo, AE AF Lugo, Ariel E. TI Let's Not Forget the Biodiversity of the Cities SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Editorial Material DE novel ecosystems; Puerto Rico; San Juan; urban forests; urban rivers AB Cities contain over half of the world's population and are the source of many anthropogenic effects on the world's biota. Close examination of San Juan, Puerto Rico, a tropical city, reveals a significant green infrastructure. The city contains natural and human-constructed forests, urban aquatic systems with native and introduced species, and a thriving and diverse biota adapted to urban conditions. It behooves tropical ecologists to pay attention to the biodiversity of urban environments to learn lessons about ecological persistence and adaptation to novel anthropogenic environments. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. RP Lugo, AE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM alugo@fs.fed.us NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 5 BP 576 EP 577 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00673.x PG 2 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 648PZ UT WOS:000281707700018 ER PT J AU Williamson, GB Wiemann, MC AF Williamson, G. Bruce Wiemann, Michael C. TI Age-Dependent Radial Increases in Wood Specific Gravity of Tropical Pioneers in Costa Rica SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE biomass; Bursera simaruba; Heliocarpus appendiculatus; Ochroma pyramidale; Trema micrantha ID FOREST BIOMASS; NEOTROPICAL FORESTS; ECONOMICS SPECTRUM; BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA; TREES; DENSITY; GRADIENTS; GROWTH; DEFORESTATION; CONSEQUENCES AB Wood specific gravity is the single best descriptor of wood functional properties and tree life-history traits, and it is the most important variable in estimating carbon stocks in forests. Tropical pioneer trees produce wood of increasing specific gravity across the trunk radius as they grow in stature. Here, we tested whether radial increases in wood specific gravity were dependent on a tree's diameter or its age by comparing trees of different diameters within cohorts. We cored trunks of four pioneer species in naturally regenerating, even-aged stands in the lowland, wet forests of Costa Rica. For each core, specific gravity was determined for 1-cm radial wood segments, pith to bark. Increases across the radius were evident in all four species studied, and in four different stands for one species. For any given species in a given stand, the rate of radial increase in specific gravity as a function of radial distance from the pith was greater in smaller diameter trees. As the trees in a stand represent a colonizing cohort, these results strongly suggest that the radial increases in specific gravity in lowland pioneers are associated with tree age, not with tree diameter. Furthermore, the specific gravity of the outermost wood was not associated with tree radius, further negating size dependence. One consequence of these results is that species-specific biomass estimates for trees in secondary forests are likely to be confounded by age, as diameter alone may be a poor indicator of specific gravity in individual trees for pioneers of tropical wet forests. C1 [Williamson, G. Bruce] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wiemann, Michael C.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Wood Anat Res, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Williamson, GB (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM btwill@lsu.edu FU Organization for Tropical Studies; Louisiana State University; American Philosophical Society; US National Science Foundation [DEB-0639114] FX The authors thank S. Navas, T. Soto and J. Henrot for assistance in the field. S. Navas provided the Spanish abstract. The research was supported by the Organization for Tropical Studies (Pilot Research Award), Louisiana State University (Tropical Research Award), the Michaux Fund of the American Philosophical Society and the US National Science Foundation (DEB-0639114). NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD SEP PY 2010 VL 42 IS 5 BP 590 EP 597 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00618.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 648PZ UT WOS:000281707700021 ER PT J AU Nyman, T Vikberg, V Smith, DR Boeve, JL AF Nyman, Tommi Vikberg, Veli Smith, David R. Boeve, Jean-Luc TI How common is ecological speciation in plant-feeding insects? A 'Higher' Nematinae perspective SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOST-PLANT; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTIONS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GEOGRAPHICAL PATTERN; SAWFLIES HYMENOPTERA; CONVERGENT EVOLUTION; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; BEETLES COLEOPTERA AB Background: Ecological speciation is a process in which a transiently resource-polymorphic species divides into two specialized sister lineages as a result of divergent selection pressures caused by the use of multiple niches or environments. Ecology-based speciation has been studied intensively in plant-feeding insects, in which both sympatric and allopatric shifts onto novel host plants could speed up diversification. However, while numerous examples of species pairs likely to have originated by resource shifts have been found, the overall importance of ecological speciation in relation to other, non-ecological speciation modes remains unknown. Here, we apply phylogenetic information on sawflies belonging to the 'Higher' Nematinae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) to infer the frequency of niche shifts in relation to speciation events. Results: Phylogenetic trees reconstructed on the basis of DNA sequence data show that the diversification of higher nematines has involved frequent shifts in larval feeding habits and in the use of plant taxa. However, the inferred number of resource shifts is considerably lower than the number of past speciation events, indicating that the majority of divergences have occurred by non-ecological allopatric speciation; based on a time-corrected analysis of sister species, we estimate that a maximum of c. 20% of lineage splits have been triggered by a change in resource use. In addition, we find that postspeciational changes in geographic distributions have led to broad sympatry in many species having identical host-plant ranges. Conclusion: Our analysis indicates that the importance of niche shifts for the diversification of herbivorous insects is at present implicitly and explicitly overestimated. In the case of the Higher Nematinae, employing a time correction for sister-species comparisons lowered the proportion of apparent ecology-based speciation events from c. 50-60% to around 20%, but such corrections are still lacking in other herbivore groups. The observed convergent but asynchronous shifting among dominant northern plant taxa in many higher-nematine clades, in combination with the broad overlaps in the geographic distributions of numerous nematine species occupying near-identical niches, indicates that host-plant shifts and herbivore community assembly are largely unconstrained by direct or indirect competition among species. More phylogeny-based studies on connections between niche diversification and speciation are needed across many insect taxa, especially in groups that exhibit few host shifts in relation to speciation. C1 [Nyman, Tommi] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Biol, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland. [Smith, David R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Boeve, Jean-Luc] Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, Dept Entomol, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. RP Nyman, T (reprint author), Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Biol, POB 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland. EM Tommi.Nyman@uef.fi FU European Community [BE-TAF-1462]; Academy of Finland [124695] FX We especially wish to thank colleagues who provided samples of higher-nematine species, many of which would otherwise have been impossible to obtain: Lauri Kapari, Heikki Roininen, Alexey Zinovjev, Ewald Altenhofer, Mikk Heidemaa, Marko Prous, Akira Yamagami, Matti Viitasaari, Herbert R. Jacobson, Valerie Caron, Urs Schaffner, Jens Rydell, Jeffrey Joy, and B. DeJonge. We also thank two anonymous referees for their constructive criticisms, which helped to improve the manuscript. The Centre of Scientific Computing in Helsinki and the Cyberinfrastructure for Phylogenetic Research (CIPRES) project in San Diego allocated computing resources for phylogenetic analyses on their servers. This research was initiated with support from the SYNTHESYS Project http://www.synthesys.info which is financed by the European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP6 "Structuring the European Research Area Programme" (project BE-TAF-1462), and the main part of the funding was provided by the Academy of Finland (project 124695 for TN). NR 95 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 42 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 266 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-10-266 PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 661YI UT WOS:000282768900001 PM 20807452 ER PT J AU Novotny, JA Kurilich, AC Britz, SJ Baer, DJ Clevidence, BA AF Novotny, Janet A. Kurilich, Anne C. Britz, Steven J. Baer, David J. Clevidence, Beverly A. TI Vitamin K absorption and kinetics in human subjects after consumption of C-13-labelled phylloquinone from kale SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Bioavailability; Stable isotopes; Mathematical modelling ID PLASMA; FOOD; EXCRETION; YOUNGER; MEN AB The absorption and plasma disappearance of vitamin K were investigated by uniformly labelling phylloquinone in kale with carbon-13, and by feeding the kale to study subjects. Seven healthy volunteers ingested a single 400 g serving of kale with 30 g vegetable oil. The kale provided 156 nmol of phylloquinone. Serial plasma samples were collected and analysed for the appearance of C-13-phylloquinone by HPLC-MS. Six of the subjects showed significant amounts of labelled phylloquinone in plasma, though one subject's plasma was not consistently enriched above the detection limit, and this subject's baseline plasma phylloquinone level was the lowest in the group. After ingestion of the labelled kale, plasma C-13-phylloquinone concentration increased rapidly to a peak between 6 and 10 h, and then rapidly decreased. Average peak plasma concentration for the six subjects with detectable C-13-phylloquinone was 2.1 nmol/l. Plasma concentration-time data were analysed by compartmental modelling. Modelling results demonstrated a mean (n 6) bioavailability of phylloquinone from kale to be 4.7%. Plasma and tissue half-times for phylloquinone were found to be 8.8 and 215 h, respectively. C1 [Novotny, Janet A.; Kurilich, Anne C.; Britz, Steven J.; Baer, David J.; Clevidence, Beverly A.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Novotny, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, BARC E, Bldg 307B,Room 219, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM janet.novotny@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture FX The authors' contributions are as follows: J. A. N. and B. A. C. designed the study; S. J. B. produced the labelled plant material; A. C. K. developed and conducted laboratory analysis; J. A. N. and D. J. B. interpreted data; and J. A. N. wrote the manuscript. The present work was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. There are no conflicts of interest related to the present work. The present research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 104 IS 6 BP 858 EP 862 DI 10.1017/S0007114510001182 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 650XS UT WOS:000281888300011 PM 20420753 ER PT J AU Pike, KS Graf, G Foottit, RG Maw, HEL Miller, GL Harpel, J Pantoja, A Hagerty, A Emmert, S AF Pike, K. S. Graf, G. Foottit, R. G. Maw, H. E. L. Miller, G. L. Harpel, J. Pantoja, A. Hagerty, A. Emmert, S. TI Molecular and biometric assessment of Myzodium mimulicola (Hemiptera: Aphididae), with new synonymy and host and distributional data SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB A molecular and biometric assessment and redescription of Myzodium mimulicola (Drews and Sampson) are provided. New North American host and distributional data are presented, including the first record from Alaska. Myzodium knowltoni (Smith and Robinson) is a junior subjective synonym of M. mimulicola, based on molecular-sequence and morphological evidence. A key to the known Myzodium species (apterae and alatae) is included. C1 [Pike, K. S.; Graf, G.] Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Foottit, R. G.; Maw, H. E. L.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, KW Canadian Natl Collect Insects, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Miller, G. L.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Harpel, J.] Univ British Columbia, UBC Herbarium, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Pantoja, A.; Hagerty, A.; Emmert, S.] ARS, USDA, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Pike, KS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM kpike@wsu.edu FU Genome Canada (through the Ontario Genomics Institute); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We thank L. Boydston, J. Fulbright, D. Graf, R. Groenendale, and W.J. Turner (WSU), L. Pike (Prosser, Washington), and B. Kunibe, S. Lillard, R. Ranft, D. Fleming, and R. Pampell (United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA, ARS), Alaska) for assistance in field collecting and (or) mounting. We also thank the following for loaning specimens or making collections available for study: C.B. Barr (EMEC), W.J. Hanson and C. von Dohlen (USU), and F. Merickel (UI). DNA sequencing was supported through funding of the Canadian Barcode of Life Network from Genome Canada (through the Ontario Genomics Institute), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and other sponsors listed at www.BOLNET.ca. We appreciate reviews of the manuscript by R. Ochoa (USDA, ARS, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland) and G. Evans (USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Beltsville, Maryland). NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0008-347X EI 1918-3240 J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 142 IS 5 BP 448 EP 457 DI 10.4039/n10-034 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 668QG UT WOS:000283284000003 ER PT J AU Moore, R Bishop, RC Provencher, B Champ, PA AF Moore, Rebecca Bishop, Richard C. Provencher, Bill Champ, Patricia A. TI Accounting for Respondent Uncertainty to Improve Willingness-to-Pay Estimates SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D AGROECONOMIE LA English DT Article ID VALIDATING CONTINGENT VALUATION; PREFERENCE UNCERTAINTY; HYPOTHETICAL BIAS; DISCRETE-CHOICE; NONMARKET VALUATION; DONATION MECHANISMS; PUBLIC REFERENDUM; WELFARE MEASURES; VALIDITY TEST; RESPONSES C1 [Moore, Rebecca] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bishop, Richard C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Stratus Consulting, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Provencher, Bill] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Champ, Patricia A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Moore, R (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM RMoore@warnell.uga.edu; rcbishop@wisc.edu; rwproven@wisc.edu; pchamp@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0008-3976 J9 CAN J AGR ECON JI Can. J. Agric. Econ.-Rev. Can. Agroecon. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 381 EP 401 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2010.01190.x PG 21 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 635BG UT WOS:000280630000007 ER PT J AU Moghaddas, JJ Collins, BM Menning, K Moghaddas, EEY Stephens, SL AF Moghaddas, Jason J. Collins, Brandon M. Menning, Kurt Moghaddas, Emily E. Y. Stephens, Scott L. TI Fuel treatment effects on modeled landscape-level fire behavior in the northern Sierra Nevada SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; REDUCTION TREATMENTS; UNITED-STATES; PINE FOREST; SEVERITY; WILDFIRE; GROWTH; CALIFORNIA; USA AB Across the western United States, decades of fire exclusion combined with past management history have contributed to the current condition of extensive areas of high-density, shade-tolerant coniferous stands that are increasingly prone to high-severity fires. Here, we report the modeled effects of constructed defensible fuel profile zones and group selection treatments on crown fire potential, flame length, and conditional burn probabilities across 11 land allocation types for an 18 600 ha study area within the northern Sierra Nevada, California. Fire modeling was completed using FlamMap and FARSITE based on landscape files developed with high-resolution aerial (IKONOS) imagery, ground-based plot data, and integrated data from ARCFUELS and the Forest Vegetation Simulator. Under modeled 97th percentile weather conditions, average conditional burn probability was reduced between pre- and post-treatment landscapes. A more detailed simulation of a hypothetical fire burning under fairly severe fire weather, or "problem fire", revealed a 39% reduction in final fire size for the treated landscape relative to the pre-treatment condition. To modify fire behavior at a landscape level, a combination of fuel treatment strategies that address topographic location, land use allocations, vegetation types, and lire regimes is needed. C1 [Moghaddas, Jason J.; Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Collins, Brandon M.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Menning, Kurt] San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Moghaddas, Emily E. Y.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Taylorsville, CA 95983 USA. RP Moghaddas, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Ecosyst Sci, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jmoghad@gmail.com FU Plumas-Lassen Administrative Study FX Thanks to the Plumas-Lassen Administrative Study for supporting this research. Special thanks to Colin Dillingham, John Yembu, Lauren Payne, and the Plumas National Forest for making treatment data available. We also thank all field crews who worked to collect data used for this paper. NR 53 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1751 EP 1765 DI 10.1139/X10-118 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 658GV UT WOS:000282479400006 ER PT J AU Cui, L Pan, ZL Yue, TL Atungulu, GG Berrios, J AF Cui, Lu Pan, Zhongli Yue, Tanli Atungulu, Griffiths G. Berrios, Jose TI Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment of Brown Rice at Different Temperatures on Cooking Properties and Quality SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; STARCH; GELATINIZATION; GRANULES; WATER AB This research studied developing quick cooking brown rice by investigating the effect of ultrasonic treatment at different temperatures on cooking time and quality. The medium grain brown rice was ultrasonically treated in water at temperatures of 25, 40, and 55 degrees C for 30 min and then dried by air at 25 degrees C to its initial moisture content (11.0 +/- 0.6%, wb) before cooking. The microstructure of rice kernel surface, chemical composition, and optimal cooking time of treated brown rice were determined. The pasting and thermal properties and chemical structure of flour and starch from treated brown rice were also examined. The results showed that the optimal cooking times were 37, 35, and 33 min after treatment at 25, 40, and 55 degrees C, respectively, compared to the control of 39.6 min. The ultrasonic treatment resulted in a loss in natural morphology of rice bran, allowing water to be absorbed by a rice kernel easily, particularly at high-temperature treatment. Even through rice flour still maintained an A-pattern in the pasting properties, the crystallinity significantly increased after treatment at 55 degrees C. Ultrasonic treatment increased the peak, hold, and final viscosities and decreased the onset temperature (T(o)) and peak temperature (T(p)), significantly. Thus, ultrasonic treatment could be used for reducing cooking time of brown rice. C1 [Cui, Lu; Pan, Zhongli; Yue, Tanli; Atungulu, Griffiths G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cui, Lu] NW A&F Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Pan, Zhongli; Berrios, Jose] USDA ARS, Processed Foods Res Unit, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM zhongli.pan@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 17 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 87 IS 5 BP 403 EP 408 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-02-10-0034 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 652BB UT WOS:000281973800004 ER PT J AU Kweon, M Slade, L Levine, H Souza, E AF Kweon, Meera Slade, Louise Levine, Harry Souza, Edward TI Application of RVA and Time-Lapse Photography to Explore Effects of Extent of Chlorination, Milling Extraction Rate, and Particle-Size Reduction of Flour on Cake-Baking Functionality SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOFT WHEAT-FLOUR; BATTER EXPANSION; STARCH; VOLUME; COMPONENT AB Three factors (extent of chlorination, milling extraction rate, and particle-size reduction) in cake-baking functionality of Croplan 594W flour were explored using a Rapid Visco-Analyser (RVA) and time-lapse photography. The extent of chlorination and milling extraction rate showed dramatic effects, but postmilling to reduce flour particle size was a less significant factor. RVA results showed that starch pasting was accelerated, and both peak and set-back viscosities were enhanced, with increasing extent of chlorination. These effects were exaggerated by the high sugar concentration relevant to cake baking, compared to the same effects in water. Cake baking with chlorinated flours, in a formulation with 50% sugar (%S) and 275 parts total solvent (TS), showed that, as the extent of chlorination increased, cake moisture content and edge height decreased. Cake center height and shape factor were curvilinear, with maxima near flour with pH 4.6. Dramatic collapse occurred for cakes baked with unchlorinated flour samples, due to delayed starch pasting, as documented by time-lapse photography and comparison to the geometry of the final cooled cakes. Starch pasting and egg white setting occurred too early for the cakes baked with excessively chlorinated flour (pH <= 4.0), but too late for the cakes baked with unchlorinated or insufficiently chlorinated flours (pH >= 4.9), compared to the ideal starch pasting and egg white setting behavior with appropriately chlorinated flours (pH >4.0 and <4.9). Informal sensory texture evaluation showed that cake mouthfeel was related to both moisture content per se and the relationship between moisture content and cake relative humidity (%RH). Excessive flour chlorination resulted in unacceptably dry cake mouthfeel. C1 [Kweon, Meera; Souza, Edward] USDA, ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Slade, Louise; Levine, Harry] Food Polymer Sci Consultancy, Morris Plains, NJ 07950 USA. RP Kweon, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM meera.kweon@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 27 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 87 IS 5 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-03-10-0046 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 652BB UT WOS:000281973800005 ER PT J AU Kweon, M Donelson, T Slade, L Levine, H AF Kweon, Meera Donelson, Tom Slade, Louise Levine, Harry TI Micro-Sugar-Snap and Micro-Wire-Cut Cookie Baking with Trans-Fat and Zero-Trans-Fat Shortenings SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLVENT RETENTION CAPACITIES; FOOD-INDUSTRY; QUALITY; FLOUR; DOUGH; SUCROSE; TESTS; RISK C1 [Kweon, Meera; Donelson, Tom] USDA, ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Slade, Louise; Levine, Harry] Food Polymer Sci Consultancy, Morris Plains, NJ 07950 USA. RP Kweon, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM meera.kweon@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 87 IS 5 BP 415 EP 419 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-03-10-0051 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 652BB UT WOS:000281973800006 ER PT J AU Bhadra, R Muthukumarappan, K Rosentrater, KA AF Bhadra, R. Muthukumarappan, K. Rosentrater, K. A. TI Physical and Chemical Characterization of Fuel Ethanol Coproducts Relevant to Value-Added Uses SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; LIQUID HOT-WATER; SOLUBLES DDGS; MOISTURE-CONTENT; PHENOLIC RESIN; CORN; FIBER; PRETREATMENT; HYDROLYSIS; PLANT AB One of the fastest growing industries in the United States is the fuel ethanol industry. In terms of ethanol production capability, the industry has grown by more than 600% since the year 2000. The major coproducts from corn-based ethanol include distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and carbon dioxide. DDGS is used as a livestock feed because it contains high quantities of protein, fiber, amino acids, and other nutrients. The goal of this study was to quantify various chemical and physical properties of DDGS, distillers wet grains (DWG), and distillers dried grain (DDG) from several plants in South Dakota. Chemical properties of the DDGS included crude ash (5.0-21.93%), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (26.32-43.50%), acid detergent fiber (ADF) (10.82-20.05%), crude fiber (CF) (8.14-12.82%), crude protein (27.4-31.7%), crude fat (7.4-11.6%), and total starch (9.19-14.04%). Physical properties of the DDGS included moisture content (3.54-8.21%), A(w) (0.42-0.53), bulk density (467.7-509.38 kg/m(3)), thermal conductivity (0.05-0.07 W/m.degrees C), thermal diffusivity (0.1-0.17 mm(2)/sec), color L* (36.56-50.17), a* (5.2-10.79), b* (12.53-23.36), and angle of repose (25.7-47.04 degrees). These properties were also determined for DWG and DDG. We also conducted image analysis and size determination of the DDGS particles. Carbon group characterization in the DDGS and DDG samples were determined using NMR spectroscopy; O-alkyl comprised >50% of all DDGS samples. Results from this study showed several possibilities for using DDGS in applications other than animal feed. Possibilities include harvesting residual sugars, producing additional ethanol, producing value-added compounds, using as food-grade additives, or even using as inert fillers for biocomposites. C1 [Rosentrater, K. A.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD USA. [Bhadra, R.; Muthukumarappan, K.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD USA. EM kurt.rosentrater@ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 FU Agricultural Experiment Station at South Dakota State University; USDA-ARS FX We would like extend gratitude to the ethanol plants that contributed coproduct samples, Agricultural Experiment Station at South Dakota State University and USDA-ARS for providing equipment and financial support, and we would like to thank Michael Heldrith, Department of Microbiology, South Dakota State University, for laboratory assistance with particle imaging. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 87 IS 5 BP 439 EP 447 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-02-10-0014 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 652BB UT WOS:000281973800010 ER PT J AU Nair, S Ullrich, SE Blake, TK Cooper, B Griffey, CA Hayes, PM Hole, DJ Horsley, RD Obert, DE Smith, KP Muehlbauer, GJ Baik, BK AF Nair, S. Ullrich, S. E. Blake, T. K. Cooper, B. Griffey, C. A. Hayes, P. M. Hole, D. J. Horsley, R. D. Obert, D. E. Smith, K. P. Muehlbauer, G. J. Baik, B. -K. TI Variation in Kernel Hardness and Associated Traits in US Barley Breeding Lines SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GRAIN HARDNESS; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; WHEAT ENDOSPERM; MALTING QUALITY; BETA-GLUCAN; VARIETIES; TEXTURE; STARCH; LIPIDS; WOMEN AB Kernel hardness is an important trait influencing postharvest handling, processing, and food product quality in cereal grains. Though well-characterized in wheat, the basis of kernel hardness is still not completely understood in barley. Kernels of 959 barley breeding lines were evaluated for hardness using the Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS). Barley lines exhibited a broad range of hardness index (HI) values at 30.1-91.9. Distribution of kernel diameter and weight were 1.7-2.9 mm and 24.9-53.7 mg, respectively. The proportion of hull was 10.2-20.7%. From the 959 breeding lines, 10 hulled spring barley lines differing in HI values (30.1-91.2) were selected to study the associations of HI with proportion of hull, kernel weight, diameter, vitreousness, protein, beta-glucan, and amylose content. Vitreousness, evaluated visually using a light box, showed a clear distinction between hard and soft kernels. Hard kernels appeared translucent, while soft kernels appeared opaque when illuminated from below on the light box. Kernel brightness (L*), determined as an indicator of kernel vitreousness, showed a significant negative correlation (r = 0.83, P < 0.01) with HI. Protein, beta-glucan, amylose content, proportion of hull, kernel weight, and diameter did not show any significant association with HI. C1 [Nair, S.; Ullrich, S. E.; Baik, B. -K.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Blake, T. K.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cooper, B.] BARI, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Griffey, C. A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Hayes, P. M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hole, D. J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Horsley, R. D.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Obert, D. E.] USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID USA. [Smith, K. P.; Muehlbauer, G. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN USA. RP Baik, BK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM bbaik@wsu.edu RI Hole, David/A-7173-2008 OI Hole, David/0000-0003-1325-3181 FU USDA-CSREES FX This research was carried out as a part of the USDA-CSREES sponsored Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 87 IS 5 BP 461 EP 466 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-12-09-0163 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 652BB UT WOS:000281973800013 ER PT J AU Doehlert, DC Moreau, RA Welti, R Roth, MR McMullen, MS AF Doehlert, Douglas C. Moreau, Robert A. Welti, Ruth Roth, Mary R. McMullen, Michael S. TI Polar Lipids from Oat Kernels SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRIGALACTOSYL DIGLYCERIDE; IDENTIFICATION; GLYCOLIPIDS; EXTRACTION; SEEDS; OIL AB Oat (Avena sativa L.) kernels appear to contain much higher polar lipid concentrations than other plant tissues. We have extracted, identified, and quantified polar lipids from 18 oat genotypes grown in replicated plots in three environments to determine genotypic or environmental variation in these lipids. Validation experiments indicated a solid phase silica gel extraction step elution provided excellent and clean separation of extracted lipids into neutral lipid, glycolipid, and phospholipid fractions. Analysis of phospholipids by HPLC (normal phase, diol column) indicated phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and lyso- forms but very little genotypic or environmental variation. Di, tri and tetragalactosyl-diacylglycerols were quantified in the glycolipids, along with their mono-, di-, and tri-acyl estolides. Most of these exhibited significant genotypic variation. Molecular species analysis of the glycolipids in the Morton cultivar by direct infusion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry confirmed the enormous diversity of galactosyl-lipids in oats. Analyses indicated total lipid of approximate to 8.3% (dry weight basis), of which approximate to 10% was phospholipid and 11% was glycolipids. These results indicate that oats are a rich source of polar lipids and contain an extremely rich diversity of galactosyl-lipids. C1 [Doehlert, Douglas C.] N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Moreau, Robert A.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. [Welti, Ruth; Roth, Mary R.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Lipid Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [McMullen, Michael S.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Harris Hall,Dept 7640,POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM douglas.doehlert@ndsu.edu OI Welti, Ruth/0000-0003-4373-2538; Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 87 IS 5 BP 467 EP 474 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-04-10-0060 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 652BB UT WOS:000281973800014 ER PT J AU Taboada-Gaytan, O Pollak, LM Johnson, LA Fox, SR Montgomery, KT AF Taboada-Gaytan, Oswaldo Pollak, Linda M. Johnson, Lawrence A. Fox, Steven R. Montgomery, Kevin T. TI Physical, Compositional, and Wet Milling Characteristics of Grain from Crosses of Corn Inbreds with Exotic and Nonexotic Background SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GERMPLASM ENHANCEMENT; LABORATORY-SCALE; MAIZE PROJECT; HYBRIDS; OIL; VARIABILITY AB Corn breeders have developed hybrids with enhanced compositional characteristics, but exotic germplasm represents little of the germplasm base used to produce these hybrids. Effects of the exotic germplasm on physical, compositional, and wet-milling properties as well as the proximate composition of recovered fractions need to be determined before these materials are of value to the corn processing industry. Ten lines from the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project with exotic germplasm introgressed from Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Cuba, and Florida were crossed to three adapted inbred lines (testers) and grain from the resulting 30 hybrids were evaluated for physical, compositional, and wet-milling characteristics and the expression of heterosis in these variables. The B73xMo17 adapted public hybrid was used as control. Grain obtained by self-pollination of the hybrid plants was analyzed using near-infrared transmittance (NIT) technology and a 100-g wet-milling procedure. There was great variation among physical, compositional, and wet-milling characteristics, and some of the experimental hybrids with exotic origin had better starch yield and starch recovery than B73xMo17, which suggests that wet-milling characteristics of U.S. hybrids can be improved by breeding with exotic germplasm. In particular, GEM breeding crosses AR16035:S19, CH05015:N15, CUBA117:S1520, and FS8B(T):N1802 could be valuable germplasm sources to produce inbreds with good milling properties. Testers varied in ability to produce hybrids with good milling properties, indicating that choice of tester is an important factor when evaluating this end use. Although general trait trends for mid- and high-parent heterosis were revealed, individual variation among hybrids and testers was large for most traits. This demonstrates the importance of analyzing individual hybrids that are intended for the wet-milling industry when breeding with exotic introgressed lines. C1 [Pollak, Linda M.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Johnson, Lawrence A.; Fox, Steven R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Johnson, Lawrence A.; Fox, Steven R.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Crops Utilizat Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Montgomery, Kevin T.] Montgomery Consulting, Clinton, IL 61727 USA. RP Pollak, LM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM linda.pollak@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 87 IS 5 BP 486 EP 496 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-12-09-0153 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 652BB UT WOS:000281973800017 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK Andolfi, A Cantrell, CL Cimmino, A Duke, SO Osbrink, W Wedge, DE Evidente, A AF Schrader, Kevin K. Andolfi, Anna Cantrell, Charles L. Cimmino, Alessio Duke, Stephen O. Osbrink, Weste Wedge, David E. Evidente, Antonio TI A Survey of Phytotoxic Microbial and Plant Metabolites as Potential Natural Products for Pest Management SO CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY LA English DT Article ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; CANKER DISEASE; FLAVOBACTERIUM-COLUMNARE; SEIRIDIUM-CUPRESSI; RAPID BIOASSAY; BREFELDIN-A; CALMODULIN; FUSICOCCIN; ALKALOIDS; CYANOBACTERIA AB Phytotoxic microbial metabolites produced by certain phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria, and a group of phytotoxic plant metabolites including Amaryllidacea alkaloids and some derivatives of these compounds were evaluated for algicide, bactericide, insecticide, fungicide, and herbicide activities in order to discover natural compounds for potential use in the management and control of several important agricultural and household structural pests. Among the various compounds evaluated: i) ophiobolin A was found to be the most promising for potential use as a selective algicide; ii) ungeremine was discovered to be bactericidal against certain species of fish pathogenic bacteria; iii) cycasin caused significant mortality in termites; iv) cavoxin, ophiobolin A, and sphaeropsidin A were most active towards species of plant pathogenic fungi; and v) lycorine and some of its analogues (1-O-acetyllycorine and lycorine chlorohydrate) were highly phytotoxic in the herbicide bioassay. Our results further demonstrated that plants and microbes can provide a diverse and natural source of compounds with potential use as pesticides. C1 [Andolfi, Anna; Cimmino, Alessio; Evidente, Antonio] Dipartimento Sci Suolo Pianta Ambiente & Produz A, I-80055 Portici, NA, Italy. [Schrader, Kevin K.; Cantrell, Charles L.; Duke, Stephen O.; Wedge, David E.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Osbrink, Weste] ARS, USDA, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Evidente, A (reprint author), Dipartimento Sci Suolo Pianta Ambiente & Produz A, I-80055 Portici, NA, Italy. EM evidente@unina.it RI Evidente, Antonio/N-9357-2013; Cimmino, Alessio/I-2121-2012 OI Evidente, Antonio/0000-0001-9110-1656; Cimmino, Alessio/0000-0002-1551-4237 FU Italian Ministry of University and Research (MIUR) [225] FX The authors thank the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MIUR, contribution DISSPAPA No. 225) for financial support of this work. We also thank the technical assistance provided by Dewayne Harries, Phaedra Page, and Robert Johnson. NR 55 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1612-1872 J9 CHEM BIODIVERS JI Chem. Biodivers. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 7 IS 9 BP 2261 EP 2280 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 735YU UT WOS:000288457500008 PM 20860028 ER PT J AU Nord, M Parker, L AF Nord, Mark Parker, Lynn TI How adequately are food needs of children in low-income households being met? SO CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Food security; Food insecurity; Children; Food Stamp Program; National School Lunch Program; WIC ID LOW FAMILY INCOME; UNITED-STATES; INSECURITY; INSUFFICIENCY; HUNGER; HEALTH; US; OVERWEIGHT; KINDERGARTEN; PRESCHOOL AB Food security-consistent access to adequate food for active, healthy living-is an important foundation for children's good nutrition and health. This paper provides an overview of recent research and statistics on the extent and severity of food insecurity in low-income households with children. We summarize research evidence on the determinants of food insecurity and its consequences for children's health and development and identify strengths and gaps in the current monitoring systems and research. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nord, Mark] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Nord, M (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. EM marknord@ers.usda.gov NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0190-7409 J9 CHILD YOUTH SERV REV JI Child. Youth Serv. Rev. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 32 IS 9 SI SI BP 1175 EP 1185 DI 10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.03.005 PG 11 WC Family Studies; Social Work SC Family Studies; Social Work GA 642CV UT WOS:000281182000005 ER PT J AU Bai, JF Wahl, TI Lohmar, BT Huang, JK AF Bai, Junfei Wahl, Thomas I. Lohmar, Bryan T. Huang, Jikun TI Food away from home in Beijing: Effects of wealth, time and "free" meals SO CHINA ECONOMIC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Becker's model; Box-Cox double-hurdle estimation; Chinese food expenditures; Food away from home; Hosted meal ID AWAY-FROM-HOME; DOUBLE-HURDLE MODEL; LIMITED DEPENDENT-VARIABLES; TOBIT ESTIMATOR; WORKING WIVES; URBAN CHINA; EXPENDITURE; CONSUMPTION; ROBUSTNESS; ALLOCATION AB Based on a modified Becker household consumption and production model and newly surveyed data set collected by the authors, this study investigated household expenditure on food away from home (FAFH) and its determinants in Beijing, China. A Box-Cox double-hurdle regression is estimated. The key findings suggest that household expenditure on dining but might be significantly underestimated when using the data most commonly used in food consumption research in China. Excluding hosted meals that are not paid for by individual consumers comprises nearly one half of the underestimation. Meanwhile, this exclusion could bias estimates of income effects on the demand for food away from home. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bai, Junfei; Huang, Jikun] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Chinese Agr Policy, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Wahl, Thomas I.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Agribusiness & Appl Econ, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Lohmar, Bryan T.] Econ Res Serv, Market & Trade Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Bai, JF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Chinese Agr Policy, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM jfbai.ccap@igsnrr.ac.cn; tom.wahl@ndsu.edu; bryanlohmar@hotmail.com; jkhuang.ccap@igsnrr.ac.cn RI Wahl, Thomas/D-3272-2013 OI Wahl, Thomas/0000-0003-2154-6742 NR 30 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1043-951X J9 CHINA ECON REV JI China Econ. Rev. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 21 IS 3 BP 432 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.chieco.2010.04.003 PG 10 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 611RV UT WOS:000278839900005 ER PT J AU Stockle, CO Nelson, RL Higgins, S Brunner, J Grove, G Boydston, R Whiting, M Kruger, C AF Stoeckle, Claudio O. Nelson, Roger L. Higgins, Stewart Brunner, Jay Grove, Gary Boydston, Rick Whiting, Mathew Kruger, Chad TI Assessment of climate change impact on Eastern Washington agriculture SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; SYSTEMS SIMULATION-MODEL; AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; WINTER-WHEAT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CROP PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; YIELD; TEMPERATURE; POTATO AB An assessment of the potential impact of climate change and the concurrent increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration on eastern Washington State agriculture was conducted. Climate projections from four selected general circulation models (GCM) were chosen, and the assessment included the crops with larger economic value for the state (apples, potatoes, and wheat). To evaluate crop performance, a cropping system simulation model (CropSyst) was utilized using historical and future climate sequences. Crops were assumed to receive adequate water (irrigated crops), nutrients, and control of weeds, pests and diseases. Results project that the impact of climate change on eastern Washington agriculture will be generally mild in the short term (i.e., next two decades), but increasingly detrimental with time (potential yield losses reaching 25% for some crops by the end of the century). However, CO2 elevation is expected to provide significant mitigation, and in fact result in yield gains for some crops. The combination of increased CO2 and adaptive management may result in yield benefits for all crops. One limitation of the study is that water supply was assumed sufficient for irrigated crops, but other studies suggest that it may decrease in many locations due to climate change. C1 [Stoeckle, Claudio O.; Nelson, Roger L.; Higgins, Stewart] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Brunner, Jay] Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Boydston, Rick] Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Kruger, Chad] Washington State Univ, Ctr Sustaining Ag & Nat Res, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Stockle, CO (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM stockle@wsu.edu RI Kruger, Chad/A-3952-2013 FU Washington State Legislature; NOAA [NA17RJ1232] FX This publication is part of the Washington Climate Change Impacts Assessment, funded by the 2007 Washington State Legislature through House Bill 1303. This publication is partially funded by the NOAA Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments program and the NOAA Climate Dynamics and Experimental Prediction/Applied Research Centers program under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232 to the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO). This is JISAO Contribution # 1792. NR 66 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD SEP PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 102 DI 10.1007/s10584-010-9851-4 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 652CL UT WOS:000281978500005 ER PT J AU Littell, JS Oneil, EE McKenzie, D Hicke, JA Lutz, JA Norheim, RA Elsner, MM AF Littell, Jeremy S. Oneil, Elaine E. McKenzie, Donald Hicke, Jeffrey A. Lutz, James A. Norheim, Robert A. Elsner, Marketa M. TI Forest ecosystems, disturbance, and climatic change in Washington State, USA SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DAILY SOLAR-RADIATION; DOUGLAS-FIR GROWTH; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; COMPLEX TERRAIN; LODGEPOLE PINE; TEMPERATURE; MODEL AB Climatic change is likely to affect Pacific Northwest (PNW) forests in several important ways. In this paper, we address the role of climate in four forest ecosystem processes and project the effects of future climatic change on these processes across Washington State. First, we relate Douglas-fir growth to climatic limitation and suggest that where Douglas-fir is currently water-limited, growth is likely to decline due to increased summer water deficit. Second, we use existing analyses of climatic controls on tree species biogeography to demonstrate that by the mid twenty-first century, climate will be less suitable for key species in some areas of Washington. Third, we examine the relationships between climate and the area burned by fire and project climatically driven regional and sub-regional increases in area burned. Fourth, we suggest that climatic change influences mountain pine beetle (MPB) outbreaks by increasing host-tree vulnerability and by shifting the region of climate suitability upward in elevation. The increased rates of disturbance by fire and mountain pine beetle are likely to be more significant agents of changes in forests in the twenty-first century than species turnover or declines in productivity, suggesting that understanding future disturbance regimes is critical for successful adaptation to climate change. C1 [Littell, Jeremy S.; Norheim, Robert A.; Elsner, Marketa M.] Univ Washington, JISAO CSES Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Oneil, Elaine E.] Univ Washington, Rural Technol Initiat, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McKenzie, Donald] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Hicke, Jeffrey A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Elsner, Marketa M.] Univ WA, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Littell, JS (reprint author), Univ Washington, JISAO CSES Climate Impacts Grp, Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jlittell@u.washington.edu RI Lutz, James/B-3785-2012; Hicke, Jeff/M-9677-2013 FU Washington State Legislature; NOAA [NA17RJ1232] FX Alan Hamlet, Richard Gwozdz, and Ingrid Tohver provided detailed comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. We thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions. We would also like to thank G. Rehfeldt and N. Crookston for making their output for future species ranges publicly available. This publication is part of the Washington Climate Change Impacts Assessment, funded by the 2007 Washington State Legislature through House Bill 1303. This publication is partially funded by the NOAA Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments program and the NOAA Climate Dynamics and Experimental Prediction / Applied Research Centers program under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232 to the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO). This is JISAO Contribution # 1794. NR 79 TC 107 Z9 109 U1 8 U2 84 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD SEP PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s10584-010-9858-x PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 652CL UT WOS:000281978500007 ER PT J AU Lingafelter, SW AF Lingafelter, Steven W. TI METHIINI AND OEMINI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE: CERAMBYCINAE) OF HISPANIOLA SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Dominican Republic; longhomed beetles; systematics; taxonomy AB Two species of Methiini. Tessaropa hispaniolae Lingafelter, new species, and Methia dolichoptera Lingafelter, new species, (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Hispaniola are diagnosed, described, and illustrated. The Dominican Republic represents a new country record tor Malacopterus tenellus (F.) (Oemini). A discussion of the tribal characters, followed by a key to the four species of both tribes known from Hispaniola, is included. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lingafelter, SW (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X EI 1938-4394 J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 64 IS 3 BP 265 EP 269 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 658XZ UT WOS:000282530000014 ER PT J AU McAllister, S Fernandez-Pello, C Urban, D Ruff, G AF McAllister, Sara Fernandez-Pello, Carlos Urban, David Ruff, Gary TI The combined effect of pressure and oxygen concentration on piloted ignition of a solid combustible SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Piloted ignition; Solid ignition; Hypobaric; Reduced pressure; Material flammability; Elevated oxygen ID CRITICAL HEAT; FLAME SPREAD; RATES; ATMOSPHERES; DEGRADATION; EXTINCTION; PYROLYSIS AB There are a number of situations when fires may occur at low pressures and oxygen concentrations that are different than standard atmospheric conditions, such as in buildings at high elevation, airplanes, and spacecraft. The flammability of materials may be affected by these environmental conditions. Since ignition delay is a measure of material flammability and directly influences whether a fire will occur, experiments were conducted to assess the variation of the ignition delay of PMMA in sub-atmospheric pressures and elevated oxygen concentrations. Three sets of experiments were performed at different pressures and in air, in an atmosphere having 30% oxygen/70% nitrogen by volume, and in a "normoxic" atmosphere (constant oxygen partial pressure). It was observed that as the pressure is reduced, the ignition time decreased, reached a minimum, and then increased until ignition did not occur. Several mechanisms were considered to explain the "U-shaped" dependence of ignition time on pressure, and three regimes were identified each having a different controlling mechanism: the transport regime where the ignition delay is controlled by changes in convection heat losses and critical mass flux for ignition; the chemical kinetic regime where the ignition delay is controlled by gas-phase chemical kinetics; and an overlap region where both the transport and chemistry effects are seen. The results provide further insight about the effect of the environmental conditions on the flammability of materials, and guidance about fire safety in low pressure environments. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [McAllister, Sara; Fernandez-Pello, Carlos] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Urban, David; Ruff, Gary] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP McAllister, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Ctr, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, 5775 US Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM smcallister@fs.fed.us FU NASA [NNC-05GA02G, NNX-08BA77A] FX The authors want to thank Sonia Fereres, Sarah Scott, Amelia Ramirez-Correa, Romina Rodriguez, Andres Osorio, Colin Silla, and Jesus Tapia for their assistance running the experiments and Chris Lautenberger for his insights. This work was supported by NASA Grants NNC-05GA02G and NNX-08BA77A. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD SEP PY 2010 VL 157 IS 9 BP 1753 EP 1759 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.02.022 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 630IX UT WOS:000280267700012 ER PT J AU Chirumamilla, A Buckner, JS Yocum, GD Fatland, CL Boetel, MA AF Chirumamilla, Anitha Buckner, James S. Yocum, George D. Fatland, Charlotte L. Boetel, Mark A. TI Internal lipids of sugarbeet root maggot (Tetanops myopaeformis) larvae: Effects of multi-year cold storage SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Insect diapause; Storage lipids; Unsaturated fatty acids; Triacylglycerols; Palmitoleic acid ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; NONDIAPAUSE LARVAE; DIAPAUSE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; INSECT; DIPTERA; HYDROCARBONS; HETEROPTERA; SURVIVAL; BODY AB Sugarbeet root maggots. Tetanops myopaeformis (Diptera, Ulidiidae), survive more than five years of laboratory cold (6 degrees C) storage as mature third-instar larvae. To quantify energy costs associated with prolonged storage, internal lipids of larvae stored for 1, 2, 3, and 5 years were compared and characterized with those of field-collected diapausing larvae. Internal lipid concentration was highest (21.8% wet wt. and 29.8% dry wt.) in diapausing larvae. Lipids decreased progressively over storage time with greater than 70% reductions for 5-year stored larvae. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis revealed that triacylglycerols (TAGS) were the most predominant class of internal lipids, with trace amounts of diacylglycerols and hydrocarbons also being present. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of TAG fractions identified ten major fatty acids (FM). The proportion of unsaturated FAs was higher (73 to 78%) than saturated FAs in diapausing and stored larval groups. Palmitoleic acid (16:1) was the predominant FA, constituting 40-50% of total unsaturated FAs with lesser amounts of myristoleic (14:1), oleic (18:1), lauroleic (12:1), gadoleic (20:1), and the saturated FM, palmitic (16:0), myristic (14:0), lauric (12:0), stearic (18:0), and arachidic (20:0) being detected at much lower concentrations. Characterization of intact TAGs by high performance liquid chromatography and GC-MS revealed the presence of more than 40 TAG constituents. In conclusion, TAGs are utilized as an important energy source for T. myopaeformis larvae during diapause and long-term cold storage with no observed impact of multi-year storage on the TAG composition and distribution of their fatty acids. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Buckner, James S.] USDA ARS, BRL, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Chirumamilla, Anitha; Boetel, Mark A.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Buckner, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, BRL, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM james.buckner@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 157 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.05.005 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 627GK UT WOS:000280027300011 PM 20580676 ER PT J AU Delhom, CD White-Ghoorahoo, LA Pang, SS AF Delhom, C. D. White-Ghoorahoo, L. A. Pang, S. S. TI Development and characterization of cellulose/clay nanocomposites SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Polymer (textile) fiber; Thermal properties; Thermal analysis; Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYIMIDE-CLAY HYBRID; POLYMER; FLAMMABILITY; WHISKERS AB Cotton is the most important textile fiber for apparel use and is preferred to synthetic fibers for reasons such as comfort and feel. A major drawback of cellulosic fibers is flammability. The development of cellulose/clay nanocomposites for use as flame-retardant materials based on cotton is reported in this paper. Novel nanocomposite materials have been produced from cellulose with layered silicate clays used as the nanofiller material. Three different methods were attempted in producing these organic-inorganic hybrids. The nanocomposites show significant improvements in thermal properties when compared with cellulose control sources. The degradation temperature of the nanocomposites increased by 45 degrees C and the char yields for some compositions doubled those of the controls. The crystalline melt of the materials decreased by 15 degrees C. Tensile testing revealed an increase of approximately 80% in the ultimate stress of the cellulose/clay nanocomposites. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Delhom, C. D.] ARS, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [White-Ghoorahoo, L. A.] Virginia Western Community Coll, Adjunct Chem Fac, Roanoke, VA 24038 USA. [Pang, S. S.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Delhom, CD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM chris.delhom@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 41 IS 6 BP 475 EP 481 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.10.007 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 638OW UT WOS:000280905300006 ER PT J AU Witmer, GW Snow, NP Burke, PW AF Witmer, Gary W. Snow, Nathan P. Burke, Patrick W. TI Evaluating commercially available rodenticide baits for invasive Gambian giant pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Gambian giant pouched rat; Cricetomys gambianus; Rodenticide; Efficacy; Invasive species ID FLORIDA; ERADICATION; ISLAND; BRODIFACOUM; STATIONS AB Gambian giant pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus) are native to Africa, but they are popular in the pet industry in the United States. They were reservoir hosts during a monkeypox outbreak in the Midwestern United States in 2003. A free-ranging population became established on Grassy Key in the Florida Keys, apparently because of a release by a pet breeder. These rodents could cause significant damage to agricultural crops should they reach the mainland. Research under controlled conditions was needed to identify effective rodenticides for Grassy Key or other cases where an invasion of Gambian rats might occur. We tested 2 formulations of diphacinone baits and 1 formulation each of brodifacoum, zinc phosphide, bromethalin, and chlorophacinone baits with captive Gambian rats in multiple-choice food trials. Both the brodifacoum and zinc phosphide rodenticide baits were highly effective (100% mortality). Also, brodifacoum and zinc phosphide treatments performed similar to the Environmental Protection Agency's standard for toxicants of (i.e., 90% mortality in laboratory trials). The chlorophacinone, diphacinone, and bromethalin baits did not appear to be very effective at killing Gambian rats (<= 50% mortality) in our study. Effective tools to combat Gambian giant pouched rats have been identified in a laboratory trial. Further field testing of commercially available brodifacoum and zinc phosphide baits may prove useful for controlling the potentially invading Gambian rats. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Witmer, Gary W.; Snow, Nathan P.; Burke, Patrick W.] USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Witmer, GW (reprint author), USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM gary.w.witmer@aphis.usda.gov FU USDA Wildlife Services-Florida; State of Florida; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX This study was conducted under the approved NWRC Project: Development and assessment of methods and strategies to monitor and manage invasive mammalian vertebrate species with emphasis on rodents. The study protocol, QA-1428, was approved by the NWRC Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee on April 6, 2007. Reference to trade names does not imply U.S. government endorsement of commercial products or exclusion of similar products with equal or better effectiveness. We thank USDA Wildlife Services-Florida operational staff for funding and logistical support during the Gambian rat work in Florida and the rodenticide efficacy study conducted in Fort Collins. We also thank the State of Florida and the US Fish and Wildlife Service for support in the Gambian rat eradication effort in Florida. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1011 EP 1014 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2010.05.009 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 641EN UT WOS:000281107700016 ER PT J AU Woeste, KE Blanche, SB Moldenhauer, KA Nelson, CD AF Woeste, Keith E. Blanche, Sterling B. Moldenhauer, Karen A. Nelson, C. Dana TI Plant Breeding and Rural Development in the United States SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; FOOD SYSTEM; IMPROVEMENT; US AB Plant breeders contributed enormously to the agricultural and economic development of the United States. By improving the profitability of farming, plant breeders improved the economic condition of farmers and contributed to the growth and structure of rural communities. In the years since World War II, agriculture and the quality of rural life have been driven by policies that encouraged and subsidized an agroindustrial production model. Plant breeders responded by developing methods and deploying products attuned to agroindustrial clients. Major achievements by plant breeders of the era include the development of higher-yielding crops suitable to new environments and mechanized harvesting and shipping. As social, technological, and economic changes reinforced the expansion and dominance of the agroindustrial model, rural communities sustained high levels of out-migration. At the same time, a variety of societal and economic forces have encouraged new food system models, including the locavores and community-supported agriculture. Sustainability indices reflect the desire of megaretailers to make the relationship between consumers and the production of their food more transparent. These forces, along with an increased focus on the quality of rural life in America, represent opportunities for plant breeders to address the needs of new clients, to develop methods appropriate to their client's values, and to serve traditional clients in new ways. C1 [Woeste, Keith E.] Purdue Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn,Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Blanche, Sterling B.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dean Lee Res Stn, Alexandria, LA 71302 USA. [Moldenhauer, Karen A.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Nelson, C. Dana] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Woeste, KE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn,Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat, Pfendler Hall,715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Woeste@purdue.edu NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1625 EP 1632 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.10.0572 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300004 ER PT J AU Heffner, EL Lorenz, AJ Jannink, JL Sorrells, ME AF Heffner, Elliot L. Lorenz, Aaron J. Jannink, Jean-Luc Sorrells, Mark E. TI Plant Breeding with Genomic Selection: Gain per Unit Time and Cost SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENOMEWIDE SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; DAIRY-CATTLE; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; IMPROVEMENT; EFFICIENCY AB Advancements in genotyping are rapidly decreasing marker costs and increasing genome coverage. This is facilitating the use of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in plant breeding. Commonly employed MAS strategies, however, are not well suited for agronomically important complex traits, requiring extra time for field-based phenotyping to identify agronomically superior lines. Genomic selection (GS) is an emerging alternative to MAS that uses all marker information to calculate genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for complex traits. Selections are made directly on GEBV without further phenotyping. We developed an analytical framework to (i) compare gains from MAS and GS for complex traits and (ii) provide a plant breeding context for interpreting results from studies on GEBV accuracy. We designed MAS and GS breeding strategies with equal budgets for a high-investment maize (Zea mays L.) program and a low-investment winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) program. Results indicate that GS can outperform MAS on a per-year basis even at low GEBV accuracies. Using a previously reported GEBV accuracy of 0.53 for net merit in dairy cattle, expected annual gain from GS exceeded that of MAS by about threefold for maize and twofold for winter wheat. We conclude that if moderate selection accuracies can be achieved, GS could dramatically accelerate genetic gain through its shorter breeding cycle. C1 [Heffner, Elliot L.; Sorrells, Mark E.] Cornell Univ, Dep Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lorenz, Aaron J.; Jannink, Jean-Luc] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, RW Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Sorrells, ME (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dep Plant Breeding & Genet, Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mes12@cornell.edu FU National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2005-38420-15785]; USDA-NIFA [2009-85606-05701, 2009-65300-05661]; USDA-NIFA National Research Initiative CAP [2005-05130]; Hatch [149-402] FX Support for the work of Elliot Heffner was provided by USDA National Needs Graduate Fellowship Competitive Grant No. 2005-38420-15785 from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Support for the work of Aaron Lorenz and Jean-Luc Jannink was provided by USDA-NIFA grant No. 2009-85606-05701 and No. 2009-65300-05661. Additional funding for this research was provided by USDA-NIFA National Research Initiative CAP grant No. 2005-05130 and by Hatch 149-402. NR 37 TC 115 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 66 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1681 EP 1690 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.11.0662 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300010 ER PT J AU Tyagi, N Dahleen, LS Bregitzer, P AF Tyagi, Neerja Dahleen, Lynn S. Bregitzer, Phil TI Candidate Genes within Tissue Culture Regeneration QTL Revisited with a Linkage Map Based on Transcript-Derived Markers SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; PLANT-REGENERATION; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; SHOOT DEVELOPMENT; BARLEY CALLUS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSFORMATION; EXPRESSION; CULTIVARS; ETHYLENE AB Green plant regeneration from tissue culture is under the genetic control of multiple genes. Candidate genes for regeneration have been identified in multiple species using quantitative trait loci (QTL) and microarray analyses, and some of these genes have been verified as improving regeneration through transformation. Multiple studies have located QTL for regeneration from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) tissue cultures, but these studies have been based on restriction fragment length polymorphism markers that do not provide information on candidate genes. A recent transcript-derived marker barley map based on expressed sequence tags was used to locate QTL for barley green plant regeneration and identify candidate genes. Quantitative trait loci analysis identified four significant regions, on chromosomes 2H, 3H, 6H, and 7H, in places where QTL were previously identified. An additional four regions were suggestive for green and/or albino plant regeneration on chromosomes 1H, 3H, 4H, and 5H. Examination of transcript-derived markers at the QTL peaks showed that many genes identified as important for regeneration in other species were located in these QTL peaks, including a gene for ferredoxin-nitrate reductase and genes involved in hormone response and synthesis, cell division and the cell cycle, chloroplast development, and transcription factors. Identifying these genes allows manipulation to better understand the processes involved in regeneration from barley tissue cultures. C1 [Dahleen, Lynn S.] USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Tyagi, Neerja] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Bregitzer, Phil] USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Dahleen, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM lynn.dahleen@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1697 EP 1707 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.10.0624 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300012 ER PT J AU del Blanco, IA Glaz, B Edme, SJ AF del Blanco, Isabel A. Glaz, Barry Edme, Serge J. TI Improving Efficiency of Sugarcane Genotype Selection in Florida SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REPEATABILITY; ALLOCATION; WHEAT AB The Canal Point (CP) sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) breeding program has developed high-yielding cultivars for the organic soils of South Florida, but cultivar development has not been as successful for sand soils in this region. Our objectives were to improve final-stage (Stage 4) selection efficiency of this program by assessing interactions among genotypes, soils, and locations and other sources of variation and by comparing the relationship between repeatability and number of replications as a measure of precision for testing sugarcane genotypes on sand and muck soils. Sources of variation were partitioned for plant-cane, first-ratoon, and second-ratoon data, from 7 yr and five CP series in Stage 4 tested at eight locations on muck soils and two locations on sand soils. Variation related to genotype x location (soil) was highly significant for cane and sugar yields for all series and crops, but most genotype x soil interactions were nonsignificant. This suggested that planting more Stage-4 tests on sand may improve genotype selection for these soils. The six replications used routinely in Stage 4 provided elevated levels of precision for both soil types. All locations with muck and sand soils in Stage 4 have ample testing resources for discriminating among genotypes. Our results indicate that, to improve sugarcane genotype selection for sand soils, increasing the number of sand locations would be a more successful strategy than increasing replications within locations. C1 [del Blanco, Isabel A.; Glaz, Barry; Edme, Serge J.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. RP del Blanco, IA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Hwy 441 N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM ali-cia.delblanco@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1744 EP 1753 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.09.0539 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300017 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, TW Bitzer, MJ Toy, JJ Pedersen, JF AF Pfeiffer, T. W. Bitzer, M. J. Toy, J. J. Pedersen, J. F. TI Heterosis in Sweet Sorghum and Selection of a New Sweet Sorghum Hybrid for Use in Syrup Production in Appalachia SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BICOLOR L MOENCH; GRAIN-SORGHUM; REGISTRATION; CHARACTERS; LINES AB Although heterosis is well established in grain and forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], reports of heterosis in sweet sorghum are limited to results from grain sorghum x sweet sorghum hybrids. Recent development of cytoplasmic male-sterile sweet sorghum lines allows creation of sweet sorghum hybrids for research and industry. Male sterility may also affect allocation of photosynthate to plant parts, creating the potential to increase sugar content in stems by eliminating seed as a sink. The objectives of this study were to compare performance of A(3) cytoplasmic male-sterile lines and A(3) cytoplasmic male-sterile hybrids to fertile B(3) counterparts and to each other. A(3) cytoplasmic male-sterile 'Dale', 'Wray', 'Sugar Drip', and N100 were crossed in all combinations to their male-fertile counterparts, resulting in 20 genotypes including the male-fertile lines. The 20 genotypes were grown in a randomized complete block in 2004 and 2005 at Lexington, KY. Male-sterile hybrids and lines had higher brix than male-fertile lines. Hybrids produced greater stalk yield due to taller plants with greater stem diameter. Juice fraction and juice composition remained relatively unchanged. Only six hybrids showed positive heterosis for brix. The greater juice yield and higher sugar content of selected hybrids such as A(3) N100 x Dale could produce more total syrup or ethanol than current pure-line sweet sorghum varieties. C1 [Toy, J. J.; Pedersen, J. F.] Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, NPA Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pfeiffer, T. W.; Bitzer, M. J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, NPA Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jeff.pedersen@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1788 EP 1794 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.09.0475 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300021 ER PT J AU Guedira, M Brown-Guedira, G Van Sanford, D Sneller, C Souza, E Marshall, D AF Guedira, M. Brown-Guedira, G. Van Sanford, D. Sneller, C. Souza, E. Marshall, D. TI Distribution of Rht Genes in Modern and Historic Winter Wheat Cultivars from the Eastern and Central USA SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; DWARFING GENE; BREAD WHEAT; COLEOPTILE LENGTH; LOCUS; IMPROVEMENT; RHT-D1B; RHT-B1B; MARKERS; HEIGHT AB Over 70% of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars grown worldwide have a semidwarf phenotype controlled by the major genes Rht-B1, Rht-D1, and Rht8c. The objective of this study was to determine their frequency in a set of historic and modern soft and hard winter wheat cultivars grown in the central and eastern USA. Three hundred sixty-two cultivars that were developed from 1808 to 2008 were evaluated with molecular markers for Rht-B1, Rht-D1, and Rht8c. All cultivars released before 1964 (41 soft winter wheat and 6 hard winter wheat) had wildtype (tall) alleles at all three loci. After introduction of the dwarfing genes, the percentage of tested lines carrying either Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b increased rapidly to greater than 90% of modern varieties. Among soft winter wheat cultivars, the Rht-D1b dwarfing gene was the most frequent being present in 45% of all lines tested and Rht-B1b was present in 28%, while in the hard winter wheat cultivars the Rht-B1b allele is the most prevalent in 77% of lines. Only 8% of the hard cultivars tested had the Rht-D1b allele. The presence of the 192-base pair (bp) allele of the microsatellite marker Xgwm261 indicated that Rht8c was less frequently used as a source of dwarfing in U.S. winter wheat germplasm, being present in 8 and 3% of the soft winter wheat and the hard winter wheats, respectively. A number of modern cultivars were identified that did not carry any of the dwarfing genes assayed and may possess alternative reduced height genes. C1 [Guedira, M.; Brown-Guedira, G.; Marshall, D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Van Sanford, D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Sneller, C.] Ohio State Univ, Dep Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Souza, E.] Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Brown-Guedira, G (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Campus Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Gina.Brown-Guedira@ars.usda.gov OI Guedira, Mohammed/0000-0003-3953-6112 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) CAP [2006-55606-16629] FX This project was supported in part by a grant from the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) CAP grant number 2006-55606-16629. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 16 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1811 EP 1822 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.10.0626 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300024 ER PT J AU Olson, EL Brown-Guedira, G Marshall, D Stack, E Bowden, RL Jin, Y Rouse, M Pumphrey, MO AF Olson, Eric L. Brown-Guedira, Gina Marshall, David Stack, Ellen Bowden, Robert L. Jin, Yue Rouse, Matthew Pumphrey, Michael O. TI Development of Wheat Lines Having a Small Introgressed Segment Carrying Stem Rust Resistance Gene Sr22 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; COMMON WHEAT; CHROMOSOME LOCATION; BREAD WHEAT; RACE TTKS; MONOCOCCUM; RECOMBINATION; INHERITANCE AB The wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr22 confers resistance to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Pers. race TTKSK (also known as Ug99) that developed in Africa and is an immediate threat to world wheat production. The resistance gene is present on a chromosomal translocation derived from Triticum boeoticum Boiss., which has a genome that is partially homologous to the A genome of T aestivum L. Sr22 has been deployed in a limited number of cultivars due to poor agronomic performance of lines carrying the resistance gene. Linkage analysis of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers on chromosome 7A was performed to identify loci closely linked to Sr22. The most tightly linked proximal and distal SSR marker loci were Xcfa2123 and Xwmc633, respectively. A two-step process was then used to develop resistant lines having smaller chromosome segments derived from the diploid donor. First, individuals in which a single recombination event had occurred between wheat and the Sr22 introgression were identified in the mapping populations. In spite of reduced recombination between T boeoticum and T aestivum chromosomes, sufficient recombination events were found among 398 F(3:4) lines derived from recombinant F(2) progeny to recover multiple resistant individuals with smaller alien introgressions. Resistant lines were identified having less than 6% of the chromosome arm derived from T boeoticum. These lines may provide a more agronomically desirable source of Sr22 that can be readily deployed in cultivars resistant to Ug99. C1 [Brown-Guedira, Gina; Marshall, David] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Stack, Ellen] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bowden, Robert L.; Pumphrey, Michael O.] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS Plant Sci & Entomol Res, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Jin, Yue] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Rouse, Matthew] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Brown-Guedira, G (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res, Dept Crop Sci, Campus Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Gina.Brown-Guedira@ars.usda.gov RI Rouse, Matthew/G-5474-2011; Bowden, Robert/E-3268-2013 OI Bowden, Robert/0000-0001-9419-6574 FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2006-55606-16629] FX This project was supported in part by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2006-55606-16629 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1823 EP 1830 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.11.0652 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300025 ER PT J AU Saha, GC Sarker, A Chen, WD Vandemark, GJ Muehlbauer, FJ AF Saha, Gopesh C. Sarker, Ashutosh Chen, Weidong Vandemark, George J. Muehlbauer, Fred J. TI Inheritance and Linkage Map Positions of Genes Conferring Resistance to Stemphylium Blight in Lentil SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARKERS; BRASSICA; SEQUENCE; LOCALIZATION; ARABIDOPSIS; REPEATS; LETTUCE; GENOME; SRAP; LENS AB Stemphylium blight (caused by Stemphylium botryosum Wallr.) is one of the major diseases of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) in South Asia and North America. The objective of the study was to identify linkage map position of the genes conferring resistance to stemphylium blight and the markers linked to the genes for its utilization in marker-assisted breeding. A population of 206 F(7)-derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from a cross between ILL-6002 (resistant) and ILL-5888 (susceptible). The RILs were planted in disease-screening plots at Ishurdi, Bangladesh in the 2006-2007 and 2008-2009 winter cropping seasons. Significant variation was detected among RILs for disease scores and frequency distributions suggested complex inheritance. An intraspecific linkage map was constructed that comprised 139 markers; 21 simple sequence repeats (SSR), 27 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), 89 sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers and 2 morphological markers distributed over 14 linkage groups. One significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) was detected based on disease scores from the 2006-2007 experiment while three significant QTLs were detected from the 2008-2009 experiment. The QTL QLG4(80-81) was common in both years and accounted for 25.2 and 46.0% of the variation of disease scores in 2006-2007 and 2008-2009 experiments, respectively. Two SRAP markers, ME5XR10 and ME4XR16c, and one RAPD marker, UBC34, located on linkage group 4, were significantly associated with the QLG4(80-81) in both crop years. After validation, the more tightly linked ME4XR16c marker may be used for marker assisted selection for stemphylium blight resistance. C1 [Saha, Gopesh C.; Chen, Weidong; Vandemark, George J.; Muehlbauer, Fred J.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Sarker, Ashutosh] Int Ctr Agr Res Dry Areas, S Asia Reg Programs, New Delhi, India. RP Saha, GC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM gopesh_saha@wsu.edu FU USAID-ICARDA FX This work was supported by USAID-ICARDA linkage project. We are grateful to Director of Pulse Research Center, Ishurdi, Bangladesh for setting up field experiment in their station. We are also indebted to P.N. Rajesh and David White for providing us unpublished GLLC-SSR markers and Sheri Rynearson, Tony Chen, and Tracie Anderson for laboratory support. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1831 EP 1839 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.12.0709 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300026 ER PT J AU Edwards, J AF Edwards, Jode TI Testcross Response to Four Cycles of Half-sib and S-2 Recurrent Selection in the BS13 Maize (Zea mays L.) Population SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IMPROVEMENT; PROGENIES; YIELD; EFFICIENCIES; COMPONENTS; RELATIVES AB Inbred progeny recurrent selection has been shown to be theoretically superior to several forms of noninbred-progeny recurrent selection. However, recent improvements to theory and empirical evidence suggest that inbred-progeny recurrent selection is not a superior method of recurrent selection. In the BS13(S) population, inbred-progeny recurrent selection has not been effective at improving population per se performance. However, no other selection programs have been evaluated in BS13(S), so there is no basis to compare inbred-progeny recurrent selection in BS13(S) to other methods to determine if other methods might be more effective. Four cycles of half-sib selection with inbred line B97 as tester have been completed. The first four cycles of half-sib selection and first four cycles of inbred-progeny selection were testcrossed to B97 and evaluated in a replicated experiment in 2007 and 2008. Half-sib selection improved grain yield, grain moisture, stalk lodging, root lodging, test weight, and final plant density, whereas inbred-progeny selection did not improve any of these traits. This study adds to growing empirical literature suggesting that inbred-progeny recurrent selection is inferior to noninbred-progeny selection methods. A hypothesis has been put forth that pseudo-overdominance caused by linkage disequilibrium may have limited response to inbred-progeny recurrent selection in BS13(S) as well as other maize populations. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICGRU, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Edwards, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICGRU, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jode.edwards@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1840 EP 1847 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.09.0557 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300027 ER PT J AU Gilsinger, JJ Burton, JW Carter, TE AF Gilsinger, J. J. Burton, J. W. Carter, T. E., Jr. TI Maternal Effects on Fatty Acid Composition of Soybean Seed Oil SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOW LINOLENIC ACID; MAX L MERRILL; GLYCINE-MAX; PALMITIC ACID; INHERITANCE; MUTANT; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM AB The success of genetically altering the fatty acid composition of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seed oil is determined by the rate of genetic gain through selection. Maternal effects can influence genetic gain. Objectives of this study were to investigate the presence and magnitude of maternal effects on fatty acid content of soybean oil. Maternal effects for unsaturated fatty acid content were evaluated over 2 yr using reciprocal F-1 soybean seed from crosses between the mid-oleic/low-linolenic line 'N98-4445A' and six cytoplasmically diverse cultivars. Maternal effects were significant across genetically diverse materials and likely the result of the phenotype of the maternal plant. The magnitude of the maternal effect was typically less when N98-4445A was used as the maternal parent. These data suggest that selection based on the oil composition of single F-2 seeds might be ineffective but less so if the altered fatty acid parent is the maternal parent. Maternal effects on saturated fatty acid content were evaluated both in the field and in vitro using reciprocal F-1 soybean seed from the cross between the high-palmitic line 'N02-4441' and 'Dare'. Maternal effects were significant when grown in the field. When reciprocal F-1 and parental 25 d old embryo seeds were grown in vitro, maternal effects between reciprocal crosses were not apparent, while significant differences between the parents were maintained. This suggests that factors translocated from the maternal plant may be causing the maternal effect on developing F-1 seeds. C1 [Burton, J. W.; Carter, T. E., Jr.] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Gilsinger, J. J.] Monsanto Co, Mt Olive, NC 28365 USA. RP Burton, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3127 Ligon ST, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM Joseph.Burton@ars.usda.gov FU United Soybean Board FX We thank the United Soybean Board for partial funding of this project. We also thank Drs. R.E. Dewey, C. Brownie, C.H. Saravitz, A.J. Cardinal, and H.T. Stalker for helpful discussions with the authors and valuable critiques of this manuscript. We also would like to acknowledge William Novitzky, Earl Huie, and Robert McMillen for their technical advice and assistance with aspects of this study, and Connie Bryant for her editorial assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1874 EP 1881 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.09.0553 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300031 ER PT J AU Graybosch, RA Peterson, CJ AF Graybosch, Robert A. Peterson, C. James TI Genetic Improvement in Winter Wheat Yields in the Great Plains of North America, 1959-2008 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID END-USE QUALITY; F-SP TRITICI; AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE; UNITED-STATES; CULTIVARS; STABILITY; HYBRID; 1B AB Data from USDA-coordinated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) regional performance nurseries collected over the time period 1959 to 2008 were used to estimate genetic gain (loss) in grain yield, grain volume weight, days to heading, and plant height in winter wheats adapted to the Great Plains of North America. In both the Southern Regional (SRPN) and Northern Regional Performance Nurseries (NRPN), linear regression revealed significant positive relationships between relative grain yields of advanced breeding lines and calendar year of the nursery trial. The estimated genetic gain in grain yield potential since 1959 was approximately 1.1% (of the control cultivar Kharkof) yr(-1) for all entries in the SRPN, and 1.3% yr(-1) if only the most productive entry was considered. For the NRPN, the estimates of genetic gain in grain yield were 0.79% yr(-1) for all entries, and also 0.79% yr(-1) for the most productive entry. Linear regressions of relative grain yields vs. year over the time period 1984 to 2008, however, showed no statistically significant trend in the SRPN. For the same time period in the NRPN, a statistically significant positive slope of 0.83 was observed, though the coefficient of determination (R(2)) was only 0.28. Relative grain yields of Great Plains hard winter wheats may have peaked in the early to mid-1990s, and further improvement in the genetic potential for grain yield awaits some new technological or biological advance. C1 [Graybosch, Robert A.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Peterson, C. James] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Graybosch, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 137 Keim Hall,E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bob.graybosch@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 17 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1882 EP 1890 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.11.0685 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300032 ER PT J AU Maas, AL Anderson, WF Quesenberry, KH AF Maas, Andrea L. Anderson, William F. Quesenberry, Kenneth H. TI Genetic Variability of Cultivated Rhizoma Peanut SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L.; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; PERENNIAL PEANUT; GLABRATA; AFLP; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; DIVERSITY; INFERENCE AB Rhizoma peanut (RP; Arachis glabrata Benth.) is a vegetatively propagated tropical legume that combines high forage nutritive value and long-term persistence under a wide range of grazing and harvested hay systems. The objectives of this study were to measure the genetic relatedness among 15 RP accessions and assess purity of accessions maintained at different locations. A total of 22 RP clones were tested and included eight duplicate accessions sourced from the national Arachis collections and germplasm collections from Florida, Texas, and Georgia. Fourteen amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations produced a total of 951 bands, with an average of 67.92 +/- 6.56 bands per primer combination. Analysis by unweighted pair group mean algorithm found genetic similarity coefficients (GSAs) that ranged from 0.21 to 1.0. STRUCTURE analysis found minimal population structure or admixture for the RP lines in this study. The duplicated accessions showed a range of genetic distances from no genetic drift (GSA 1.0) to a high degree of drift (GSA 0.28). Overall, AFLP markers provided sufficient polymorphism to successfully differentiate RP clones and determine when genetic drift occurred. The AFLPs substantiated genetic dissimilarity of newly released cultivars from standard accessions. Results also indicated the potential for genetic drift occurring from spontaneous crossing among field-grown accessions, which could lead to selection of improved cultivars. C1 [Maas, Andrea L.; Anderson, William F.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Quesenberry, Kenneth H.] Univ Florida, Dep Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Anderson, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM bill.anderson@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1908 EP 1914 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.10.0583 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300036 ER PT J AU Kim, WS Krishnan, HB AF Kim, Won-Seok Krishnan, Hari B. TI The Lack of Beta-amylase Activity in Soybean Cultivar Altona sp (1) is Associated with a 1.2 kb Deletion in the 5 ' Region of Beta-amylase I Gene SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CDNA-CLONE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STARCH BREAKDOWN; SWEET-POTATO; BARLEY-GRAIN; EXPRESSION; GERMINATION AB Previous studies have identified near-isogenic soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines, one containing normal beta-amylase [alpha-1,4-glucan maltohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.2)] activity (Altona Sp (b)(1)) and the other with undetectable (beta-amylase activity (Altona sp (1)) in seeds. SDS-PAGE analysis of 50% isopropanol extracted proteins from soybean seeds revealed a prominent 56 kDa protein. This protein, which was absent in Altona sp 1, was identified as (beta-amylase by matrix-assisted-laser-desorption-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and immunoblot analysis using antibodies generated against Arabidopsis beta-amylase. Southern blot analysis showed differences in the sizes of the DNA fragments hybridizing to beta-amylase probe between the near-isogenic soybean lines. A search of the soybean genome database revealed the presence of nine (beta-amylase genes in the soybean genome. We have isolated the beta-amylase gene (GmBAM 1) by screening a genomic library of wild-type soybean and determined its nucleotide sequence. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the GmBAM 1 revealed a complete open reading frame that was interrupted by six introns. In contrast, the GmBAM 1 from Altona sp 1 had a 1207 bp deletion near the 5' region that included the second and third exon regions. Our results suggest that this deletion may be responsible for the lack of beta-amylase activity in soybean cultivar Altona Altona sp (1). C1 [Krishnan, Hari B.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kim, Won-Seok] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Hari.Krishnan@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1942 EP 1949 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.11.0660 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300040 ER PT J AU Song, QJ Jia, GF Zhu, YL Grant, D Nelson, RT Hwang, EY Hyten, DL Cregan, PB AF Song, Qijian Jia, Gaofeng Zhu, Youlin Grant, David Nelson, Rex T. Hwang, Eun-Young Hyten, David L. Cregan, Perry B. TI Abundance of SSR Motifs and Development of Candidate Polymorphic SSR Markers (BARCSOYSSR_1.0) in Soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; GENOME; WHEAT; DNA; RICE; DATABASE AB Simple sequence repeat (SSR) genetic markers, also referred to as microsatellites, function in map-based cloning and for marker-assisted selection in plant breeding. The objectives of this study were to determine the abundance of SSRs in the soybean genome and to develop and test soybean SSR markers to create a database of locus-specific markers with a high likelihood of polymorphism. A total of 210,990 SSRs with di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide repeats of five or more were identified in the soybean whole genome sequence (WGS) which included 61,458 SSRs consisting of repeat units of di- (>= 10), tri- (>= 8), and tetranucleotide (>= 7). Among the 61,458 SSRs, (AT)n, (ATT)n and (AAAT)n were the most abundant motifs among di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide SSRs, respectively. After screening for a number of factors including locus-specificity using e-PCR, a soybean SSR database (BARCSOYSSR_1.0) with the genome position and primer sequences for 33,065 SSRs was created. To examine the likelihood that primers in the database would function to amplify locus-specific polymorphic products, 1034 primer sets were evaluated by amplifying DNAs of seven diverse Glycine max (L.) Merr. and one wild soybean (Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc.) genotypes. A total of 978 (94.6%) of the primer sets amplified a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product and 798 (77.2%) amplified polymorphic amplicons as determined by 4.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. The BARCSOYSSR1.0 SSR markers can be found in SoyBase (http://soybase.org; verified 21 June 2010) the USDA-ARS Soybean Genome Database. C1 [Song, Qijian; Jia, Gaofeng; Hwang, Eun-Young; Hyten, David L.; Cregan, Perry B.] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Song, Qijian] Univ Maryland, Dep Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhu, Youlin] Nanchang Univ, Dep Biosci & Biotechnol, Nanchang 330047, Peoples R China. [Grant, David; Nelson, Rex T.] USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cregan, PB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Perry.Cregan@ars.usda.gov OI Hyten, David/0000-0001-6324-9389; Grant, David/0000-0002-4611-6848 FU United Soybean Board [7268] FX These whole soybean genome sequence and sequence assembly was produced by the U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute http://www.jgi.doe.gov/ (verified 21 June 2010) in collaboration with the user community. This work was partially supported by United Soybean Board Project 7268. The support of the United Soybean Board is greatly appreciated. NR 32 TC 115 Z9 123 U1 5 U2 30 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1950 EP 1960 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.10.0607 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300041 ER PT J AU Tsilo, TJ Jin, Y Anderson, JA AF Tsilo, Toi J. Jin, Yue Anderson, James A. TI Identification of Flanking Markers for the Stem Rust Resistance Gene Sr6 in Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; UNITED-STATES; TRITICI; RACES AB The wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and T turgidum L.) stem rust resistance gene Sr6 confers a high level of resistance against a wide range of races of Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. and E. Henn. in North America. In this study, we report the identification of flanking markers for Sr6. We used a population of 139 recombinant inbred lines from the cross MN99394 x MN98550. A partial linkage map of chromosome 2D comprised Xgwm484, Xcfd77, Xcfd43, Xwmc453, Sr6, XwPt_4381, XwPt_0330, Xgpw94049, and Xgwm102. Four markers mapped distal to Sr6, while the other four were proximal within distances of 4.8 and 6.5 cM, respectively. Marker-assisted selection and pyramiding of Sr6 with other stem rust resistance genes could benefit from the availability of Sr6-flanking markers. C1 [Tsilo, Toi J.; Anderson, James A.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jin, Yue] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Anderson, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ander319@umn.edu RI Tsilo, Toi/G-5088-2011 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1967 EP 1970 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.11.0648 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300043 ER PT J AU Bellaloui, N Smith, JR Gillen, AM Ray, JD AF Bellaloui, N. Smith, J. R. Gillen, A. M. Ray, J. D. TI Effect of Maturity on Seed Sugars as Measured on Near-Isogenic Soybean (Glycine max) Lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RAFFINOSE FAMILY OLIGOSACCHARIDES; GALACTOSYL CYCLITOLS; SOLUBLE SUGARS; AMINO-ACIDS; PROTEIN; SYNTHASE; OIL; PURIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY AB The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of maturity and field temperature on the concentration of sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose in soybean seed in two sets of near-isogenic lines of Clark and Harosoy. The maturity of each line within each set varied, but all lines from each set shared a common genotypic background. The results showed that in the Clark isoline set, maturity had a negative linear relationship (sugars decreased as days to maturity increased) with the concentration of sucrose (r(2) = 0.83 in 2004; r(2) = 0.94 in 2005), stachyose (r(2) = 0.51 in 2004; r(2) = 0.51 in 2005), and combined sugars (sucrose+raffinose+stachyose) (r(2) = 0.83 in 2004; r(2) = 0.91 in 2005). In the Harosoy set, there were significant negative relationships between maturity and sugars only in 2005 for sucrose, stachyose, and combined sugars. In the Clark set, temperature had a significant positive relationship with sugars in 2004 (sugars increased as temperature increased), but significant negative relationship in 2005. In the Harosoy set, there was a significant negative relationship between field temperature and sugars only in 2005. The contribution of maturity to the total variation in sugars was significantly higher than temperature. It was concluded that the effect of genotypic background and maturity genes on sugar concentration depended on the type of sugar. C1 [Bellaloui, N.; Smith, J. R.; Gillen, A. M.; Ray, J. D.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bellaloui, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM nacer.bellaloui@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1978 EP 1987 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.10.0596 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300045 ER PT J AU Gesch, RW Johnson, JMF AF Gesch, R. W. Johnson, J. M-F. TI Differential Growth and Carbohydrate Usage in Switchgrass Ecotypes under Suboptimal Temperatures SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID C-4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; POPULATIONS; PLANTS; ADAPTATION; METABOLISM; EVOLUTION; LEAVES; MAIZE AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is widely adapted throughout North America, but its productivity tends to decline with increasing latitude. Little is known about its genetic potential to photosynthetically acclimate to suboptimal growth temperature, although such potential could be useful to enhance productivity. To examine this, a growth chamber study was conducted with two lowland (Alamo and Kanlow) and two upland (Cave in Rock and Sunburst) ecotypes grown under day/night air temperatures of 32/24 degrees C and later switched to 22/14 degrees C. Photosynthesis, growth, and carbohydrates were analyzed before and after temperature switching. Photosynthesis was greater in lowland than upland cultivars at 32 degrees C air temperature. After switching to 22/14 degrees C and allowing plants to adjust, photosynthesis declined with little difference among cultivars. Moreover, photosynthetic capacity among cultivars slightly decreased or remained similar compared to before the temperature switch. However, after switching to 22/14 degrees C, Alamo gained the most dry matter (3.9 g plant(-1)), which was 69, 82, and 152% greater than that of Sunburst, Kanlow, and Cave in Rock, respectively. Total nonstructural carbohydrates increased at 22/14 degrees C, but Alamo showed the least change and no difference in leaf sucrose/starch ratio following the switch. Maintenance of carbon metabolism favoring growth, but not photosynthetic acclimation, may be a key to enhancing switchgrass productivity under suboptimal growth temperatures. C1 [Gesch, R. W.; Johnson, J. M-F.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Gesch, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM russ.gesch@ars.usda.gov OI Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1988 EP 1996 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.01.0025 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300046 ER PT J AU Murillo-Williams, A Kaspar, TC Pedersen, P AF Murillo-Williams, Adriana Kaspar, Tom C. Pedersen, Palle TI Root Characteristics of Two Soybean Cultivars Grown in Fumigated Fields in Iowa SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HETERODERA-GLYCINES; SOIL FUMIGATION; CYST-NEMATODE; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; YIELD; MORPHOLOGY; RESISTANT; SEVERITY; COLONIZATION AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield is often limited by root-infecting pathogens, mainly soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe). The objective of this experiment was to evaluate differences in root characteristics and yield of NK-S25J5 (SON-susceptible) and IA2068 (SON-resistant) soybean cultivars at three locations (De Witt, Nevada, and Whiting) in Iowa, in fumigated vs. nonfumigated soil. A 2-ha section of a field was fumigated each year with Telone-35. Root sampling was conducted at 21, 42, and 63 d after emergence (DAE). Initial SON population densities (Pi) were 4790, 2590, and 825 eggs 100 cm(-3) soil for De Witt, Nevada, and Whiting, respectively. Under the conditions of this experiment, there was no evidence of a decrease in Pi caused by fumigation. Fumigation was associated with an increase in final SON population (Pf), a reduction in yield of NK-S25J5 by 560 kg ha(-1) at De Witt, and at 42 DAE, with an increase in root length density (RLD), and root surface area (RSA). The highest yields were obtained at Whiting, the location where the greatest Pf/Pi was observed for NK-S25J5. Average yields for IA2068 and NK-S25J5 were 4745 kg ha-1 and 3665 kg ha-1, respectively. We concluded that greater RLD could be the result of complex modifications of the environment where roots grow, mainly microbial populations, including SON. Stress caused by SON was associated with a decrease in yield in the susceptible cultivar. C1 [Pedersen, Palle] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kaspar, Tom C.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Murillo-Williams, Adriana] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Granos & Semillas CIGRAS, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Pedersen, P (reprint author), Syngenta Crop Protect, 2415 Clayton Dr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Palle.Pedersen@syngenta.com FU Iowa Soybean Association FX The authors would like to thank Jason De Bruin, Jodee Stuart, and Paul Esker for their help and Iowa Soybean Association for funding this project. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 2037 EP 2045 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.09.0511 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300051 ER PT J AU Mengistu, A Smith, JR Bellaloui, N Paris, RL Wrather, JA AF Mengistu, A. Smith, J. R. Bellaloui, N. Paris, R. L. Wrather, J. A. TI Irrigation and Time of Harvest Effects on Evaluation of Selected Soybean Accessions Against Phomopsis longicolla SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SP SEED INFECTION; FOLIAR DISEASES; PLANTING DATE; DECAY; QUALITY; RESISTANCE; DIAPORTHE; REGISTRATION; CULTIVAR; YIELD AB Phomopsis seed decay (PSD) of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) is primarily caused by Phomopsis longicolla. Currently, percent seed infection is used as a method for evaluating resistance to PSD. However, researchers need a common system for classifying soybean genotypes for their reaction to P.longicolla that is consistent across environments. The purpose of this research was: (i) to evaluate the reaction of a select set of soybean accessions to P. longicolla, and (ii) determine the effects of irrigation and two harvest regimes (normal and delayed) on seed infection. We propose a classification system for comparing reactions to P. longicolla among accessions based on a Phomopsis seed infection index (PSII), derived by dividing the percent seed infection of each accession by percent seed infection values of susceptible standards selected within early and late maturity groups. Percent seed infection by P. longicolla infection was greater when accessions were irrigated during the growing season and harvested at normal maturity. Some lines such as MO/PSD-0259 were rated as resistant to P. longicolla (7% seed infection) when not irrigated and harvested at maturity, but were rated as susceptible (39% seed infection) with irrigation and delayed harvest. The resistance ratings to P. longicolla using percent seed infection and PSII varied among accessions. SS93-6012, for example, had similar ratings for both (9% seed infection and 16% PSII). PI 416942 exhibited some resistance to P. longicolla based on percent seed infection (8%), but no resistance based on PSII (32%). Accessions PI 594478, Delmar, SS93-6012, SS93-6181, PI 594603A, and PI 594712 were classified by PSII as moderately resistant under irrigation and with delayed harvest. These results indicate that simple comparisons of percent seed infection among accessions without irrigation, without delayed harvest, and without a standard control of a similar maturity group might result in false conclusions about resistance to P. longicolla. C1 [Mengistu, A.] ARS, USDA, CGRU, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. [Smith, J. R.; Bellaloui, N.] ARS, USDA, CGRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Paris, R. L.] Amer Chestnut Fdn, Meadowview, VA 24361 USA. [Wrather, J. A.] Univ Missouri, Delta Res Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. RP Mengistu, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CGRU, 605 Airways Blvd, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. EM Alemu.mengistu@ars.usda.gov FU Mississippi Soybean Promotion Board; North Central Soybean Research Program FX We wish to thank Debbie Boykin, USDA statistician, for her assistance with data analysis. We thank the Mississippi Soybean Promotion Board and the North Central Soybean Research Program for providing funding to support this study. In addition, we thank Avis Clark, Matilda Harris, Gary Shelton, and Will Marlow for their assistance in laboratory and field tests. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 2055 EP 2064 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.11.0657 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300053 ER PT J AU Pillai, TR Yan, WG Agrama, HA James, WD Ibrahim, AMH McClung, AM Gentry, TJ Loeppert, RH AF Pillai, Tushara R. Yan, Wengui Agrama, Hesham A. James, William D. Ibrahim, Amir M. H. McClung, Anna M. Gentry, Terry J. Loeppert, Richard H. TI Total Grain-Arsenic and Arsenic-Species Concentrations in Diverse Rice Cultivars under Flooded Conditions SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; FOOD-CHAIN; DIETARY EXPOSURE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; WEST-BENGAL; BANGLADESH; SPECIATION; ACCUMULATION; SOIL; CONTAMINATION AB Arsenic (As) is not an essential element and can be toxic to both plants and animals. Low As concentrations in all foodstuffs, including rice grain, is a desirable goal because of the potential detrimental impacts of As on plant growth and yield and its potential toxicity to humans. Twenty-five diverse rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, including both indica and japonica subspecies, were grown over a 3-yr period (2004, 2005, and 2007) on a moderate As-concentration, paddy soil (Dewitt silt loam, fine, smectitic, thermic Typic Albaqualf) under continuously flooded field conditions. The total grain-As [TGAs; HNO(3)/H(2)O(2) digestion and analysis by inductively-coupled-plasma mass-spectroscopy (ICP-MS)] and As-species [trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) extraction and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (H PLC) coupled with ICP-MS] concentrations and their relationships with plant-growth parameters (e.g., heading date and yield) were assessed. The only As species detected in milled (polished) rice grain were inorganic As(III) (arsenite) (iAs(III)) and dimethylarsinic acid (with pentavalent As) (DMAs(V)). Total grain-As (TGAs) and As-species concentrations, as well as iAs(III)/TGAs ratio, each varied widely between cultivars. Arsenic concentration and speciation were mostly dependent on genotype (G), but there were also significant genotype by year (G x Y) and year (Y) effects that were likely impacted by annual differences in environmental conditions, such as temperature, and local soil characteristics. This study indicates the significant potential for lowering rice-grain As concentration through genotype selection and plant breeding. C1 [James, William D.; Loeppert, Richard H.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Chem Characterizat & Anal, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Yan, Wengui; McClung, Anna M.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Agrama, Hesham A.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Loeppert, RH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Chem Characterizat & Anal, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM r-loeppert@tamu.edu NR 54 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 26 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 2065 EP 2075 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.10.0568 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300054 ER PT J AU Waldron, BL Davenport, BW Malechek, JC Jensen, KB AF Waldron, Blair L. Davenport, Burke W. Malechek, John C. Jensen, Kevin B. TI Relative Cattle Preference of 24 Forage Kochia (Kochia prostrata) Entries and Its Relation to Forage Nutritive Value and Morphological Characteristics SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANTI-QUALITY FACTORS; L SCHRAD; WINTER; SHEEP; PASTURES; BEHAVIOR; DIETS AB Forage kochia [Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad.] has been shown to be nutritious fall and winter forage on western U.S. rangelands; however, its utilization by livestock is not well understood. This study compared relative cattle preferences among forage kochia accessions, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and winterfat (Krascheninnikovia spp.), and how they related to nutritional and morphological characteristics. Relative preference was measured as biomass consumed on experimental plots near Promontory, UT, during September of 2002 and 2003. Preference differences (P < 0.01) were found among forage kochia accessions; however, all were consumed to some level, ranging from 71 to 35% of biomass consumed. Traits highly associated with biomass consumed included pregrazing biomass (r = 0.93), phenological maturity (r = 0.85), branch density (r = 0.80), and leafiness (r = 0.70) suggesting that productive, leafy, less mature plants are preferred by cattle. Crude protein, fiber, and digestibility were moderately associated with cattle preference but were not consistent predictors. Overall, we conclude that forage kochia is a palatable shrub for grazing during the fall, with preference and utilization of some entries being comparable to alfalfa and greater than winterfat. Grazing behavior also suggested that forage kochia growing in a mixture with adapted grasses would enhance livestock utilization. C1 [Waldron, Blair L.; Jensen, Kevin B.] ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Davenport, Burke W.] USDA, NRCS, Fillmore, UT 84631 USA. [Malechek, John C.] Utah State Univ, Dep Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Waldron, BL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, 696 N 1100 E, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM blair.waldron@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 2112 EP 2123 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.10.0610 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300059 ER PT J AU MacKown, CT Northup, BK AF MacKown, Charles T. Northup, Brian K. TI Crude Protein and Nitrate Concentrations of Fall Forage for Stocker Cattle: Wheat vs. Perennial Cool-Season Grasses SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; WINTER-WHEAT; GRAIN-YIELD; TALL WHEATGRASS; PLANTING DATE; NITROGEN; GROWTH AB Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) pastures are a primary source of cool-season forage used by stocker cattle (Bos taurus L.) in the southern Great Plains. Replacing some wheat pasture with perennial cool-season grasses (PCSGs) could reduce uncertainties of sufficient fall forage and annual tillage operations. Wheat forage is capable of producing stocker weight gains >1.4 kg d(-1), but wheat can accumulate nitrate that poses a health risk to stockers. Levels of crude protein (CP) and nitrate in fall forage clipped 4 yr (2002-2005), from replicated pastures of winter wheat and two PCSG pastures established in 2001 ('Jose' tall wheatgrass [Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Z.-W. Liu & R.-C. Wang], 'Manska' intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey], and one PCSG pasture established in 2002 ['Lincoln' smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss)], were compared. Forage levels of CP in PCSGs were >148 g kg(-1) dry wt., but were 21 to 37% less than that of wheat (244 3 g kg-1). Mean nitrate-N levels of wheat were 400, 1400, 4600, and 840 mg kg(-1) in 2002 through 2005, respectively. Among the PCSGs, nitrate-N did not exceed 660 mg kg(-1). The CP levels of PCSGs were often substantially less than that of wheat, but were sufficient for growth of stocker calves. Nitrate risks that sometimes occurred with wheat would make PCSGs a safer choice for pasture. C1 [MacKown, Charles T.; Northup, Brian K.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP MacKown, CT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM charles.mackown@mac.com NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 2140 EP 2147 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.09.0517 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300062 ER PT J AU Starks, PJ Brown, MA AF Starks, Patrick J. Brown, Michael A. TI Prediction of Forage Quality from Remotely Sensed Data: Comparison of Cultivar-Specific and Cultivar-Independent Equations Using Three Methods of Calibration SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; DETERGENT FIBER; BERMUDAGRASS; NITROGEN; BIOMASS; INDICATORS; DIGESTIBILITY; PASTURES; INDEXES AB Remote sensing of pasture canopies could reduce laborious field sampling procedures and provide timely information to ranch and livestock managers. This study evaluated partial least squares (PLS) regression, multiple linear regression with maximum r(2) improvement (MAXR), and artificial neural networks (ANN) for development of robust equations (i.e., cultivar-independent [Cl]) to predict concentrations of nitrogen (N), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) from hyperspectral remotely sensed reflectance data collected from six cultivars of live bermudagrass canopies. Specific study objectives were to: i) develop both cultivar-independent and cultivar-specific (CS) equations to predict N, NDF, and ADF from remotely sensed canopy reflectance, ii) validate the accuracy of these equations on a independent data set, iii) compare the results from the CS and Cl equations to determine how well equations developed across cultivar perform relative to equations developed for a specific cultivar of bermudagrass, and iv) compare contributing wavelengths across calibration method. C1 [Starks, Patrick J.; Brown, Michael A.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Starks, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM Patrick.starks@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 2159 EP 2170 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.08.0455 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300064 ER PT J AU Skinner, RH Comas, LH AF Skinner, R. Howard Comas, Louise H. TI Root Distribution of Temperate Forage Species Subjected to Water and Nitrogen Stress SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS ALLOCATION; YIELD COMPONENTS; PASTURE MIXTURES; GROWTH; PLANT; AVAILABILITY; DYNAMICS AB Root allocation and distribution patterns can influence forage yield during periods of moisture or nitrogen stress, as deep-rooted species access water and nutrients found deeper in the soil profile. In a greenhouse study, we examined rooting characteristics to a depth of 50 cm for 21 cool-season forage species (9 grasses, 6 legumes, and 6 forbs) exposed to drought and low N conditions. The goal of this research was to compare root distribution under uniform growing conditions for common grass, legume and non-leguminous forb species found in humid-temperate pastures of the northeast United States. Nitrogen or water stressed grasses generally had greater root biomass and a greater proportion of roots in the 30 to 40 cm soil layer than did stressed legumes or forbs. Low N significantly reduced root weight, but to a lesser extent than the decrease in shoot weight, resulting in an increase in root/shoot ratio. Drought stress reduced shoot weight but had no effect on root weight, also resulting in a greater root/shoot ratio. Drought stress also increased the proportion of deep roots compared with controls, whereas, N stress did not. Comparisons with previously published field studies suggested that information from container-grown plants could provide insights into field results, and also suggested that inherent species differences in root distribution could explain some, but not all, rooting patterns observed in multi-species forage mixtures. C1 [Skinner, R. Howard] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Comas, Louise H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Skinner, RH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM howard.skinner@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 42 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 2178 EP 2185 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.08.0461 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 640OG UT WOS:000281060300066 ER PT J AU Nathewet, P Hummer, KE Yanagi, T Iwatsubo, Y Sone, K AF Nathewet, Preeda Hummer, Kim E. Yanagi, Tomohiro Iwatsubo, Yoshikane Sone, Kazuyoshi TI Karyotype Analysis in Octoploid and Decaploid Wild Strawberries in Fragaria (Rosaceae) SO CYTOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Chromosome number; Fragaria karyotype; Polyploidy; Rosaceae; Wild strawberry ID VESCA HYBRIDS; CHILOENSIS; EVOLUTION; NORTH; VIRGINIANA; AMERICA AB Karyotype analyses have been useful for clarifying phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships among related species and sub-specific taxa. Within the 22 wild species in the genus Fragaria (Rosaceae), karyotype analyses had been restricted to diploid species. The objectives of this research were to determine the chromosomal morphology and analyze the karyotypes of wild octoploid and decaploid species within this genus. Somatic chromosome images of 16 wild genotypes of F. chiloensis, F. virginiana and F. iturupensis were taken at the metaphase stage of mitosis under a light microscope. To evaluate phylogenetic relationships among 12 accessions, karyotypic similarity was examined by cluster analysis. Chromosome numbers of E chiloensis and F virginiana genotypes were octoploid (2n=8x=56), except for PI 551462 (2n=8x-2=54), an aneuploid E chiloensis subsp. pacifica, and PI 551527, a decaploid genotype of E virginiana subsp. platypetala. Chromosome morphology in E virginiana subspecies varied more than that in F chiloensis subspecies. Results of the cluster analyses separated the E chiloensis and E virginiana subspecies, except for E virginiana subsp. grayana PI 616699. The decaploid, F iturupensis, clustered within the octoploid E virginiana clade, and was particularly close to F virginiana subsp. glauca. C1 [Nathewet, Preeda; Yanagi, Tomohiro] Kagawa Univ, Fac Agr, Miki, Kagawa 7610795, Japan. [Hummer, Kim E.] ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Iwatsubo, Yoshikane] Toyama Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, Toyama 9308555, Japan. [Sone, Kazuyoshi] Natl Agr Res Ctr Kyushu Okinawa Reg, Kurume Branch, Fukuoka 8398503, Japan. RP Nathewet, P (reprint author), Kagawa Univ, Fac Agr, Ikenobe 2393, Miki, Kagawa 7610795, Japan. EM pdngw@yahoo.com NR 50 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV TOKYO CYTOLOGIA PI TOKYO PA TOSHIN BLDG, HONGO 2-27-2, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0031, JAPAN SN 0011-4545 J9 CYTOLOGIA JI Cytologia PD SEP PY 2010 VL 75 IS 3 BP 277 EP 288 DI 10.1508/cytologia.75.277 PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 700KU UT WOS:000285738500010 ER PT J AU Kim, S Miska, KB Jenkins, MC Fetterer, RH Cox, CM Stuard, LH Dalloul, RA AF Kim, Sungwon Miska, Kate B. Jenkins, Mark C. Fetterer, Ray H. Cox, Chasity M. Stuard, Lindsay H. Dalloul, Rami A. TI Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the avian macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avian; Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF); Inflammatory response; Chemotaxis; qRT-PCR ID REGULATORY ROLE; EIMERIA-TENELLA; HYPERSENSITIVITY; ACTIVATION; ENDOTOXIN; REMOVAL; PROTEIN; CELLS; VITRO AB Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is recognized as a soluble factor produced by sensitized T lymphocytes and inhibits the random migration of macrophages. Recent studies have revealed a more prominent role for MIF as a multi-functional cytokine mediating both innate and adaptive immune responses. This study describes the cloning and functional characterization of avian MIF in an effort to better understand its role in innate and adaptive immunity, and potential use in poultry health applications. The full-length avian MIF gene was amplified from stimulated chicken lymphocytes and cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector. The confirmed 115 amino acid sequence of avian MIF has 71% identity with human and murine MIF. The bacterially expressed avian recombinant MIF (rChMIF) was purified, followed by endotoxin removal, and then tested by chemotactic assay and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Diff-Quick staining revealed a substantial decrease in migration of macrophages in the presence of 0.01 mu g/ml rChMIF. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the presence of rChMIF enhanced levels of IL-1 beta and iNOS during PBMCs stimulation with LPS. Additionally, the Con A-stimulated lymphocytes showed enhanced interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-2 transcripts in the presence of rChMIF. Interestingly, addition of rChMIF to the stimulated PBMCs, in the presence of lymphocytes, showed anti-inflammatory function of rChMIF. To our knowledge, this study represents the first report for the functional characterization of avian MIF, demonstrating the inhibition of macrophage migration, similar to mammalian MIF, and the mediation of inflammatory responses during antigenic stimulation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Sungwon; Cox, Chasity M.; Stuard, Lindsay H.; Dalloul, Rami A.] Virginia Tech, Avian Immunobiol Lab, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Miska, Kate B.; Jenkins, Mark C.; Fetterer, Ray H.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dalloul, RA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Avian Immunobiol Lab, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, 3170 Litton Reaves, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM RDalloul@vt.edu OI Dalloul, Rami/0000-0003-4690-9220 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1021 EP 1032 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2010.05.005 PG 12 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 631KS UT WOS:000280346200013 PM 20470818 ER PT J AU Pittas, AG Sun, Q Manson, JE Dawson-Hughes, B Hu, FB AF Pittas, Anastassios G. Sun, Qi Manson, Joann E. Dawson-Hughes, Bess Hu, Frank B. TI Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Women SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D; CALCIUM; HEALTH AB OBJECTIVE - To determine the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentration and risk of incident type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - In a nested case-control study conducted among 608 women with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 559 control subjects in the Nurses' Health Study, we measured the association between baseline plasma 25-OHD concentration and risk of incident diabetes. RESULTS - After adjusting for matching factors and diabetes risk factors, including BMI, higher levels of plasma 25-OHD were associated with a lower risk for type 2 diabetes. The odds ratio for incident type 2 diabetes in the top (median 25-OHD, 33.4 ng/ml) versus the bottom (median 25-OHD, 14.4 ng/ml) quartile was 0.52 (95% Cl 0.33-0.83). The associations were consistent across subgroups of baseline BMI, age, and calcium intake. CONCLUSIONS - Plasma 25-OHD concentration was associated with lower risk of incident type 2 diabetes in women. C1 [Pittas, Anastassios G.; Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Boston, MA USA. [Pittas, Anastassios G.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Sun, Qi; Manson, Joann E.; Hu, Frank B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Sun, Qi; Manson, Joann E.; Hu, Frank B.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. [Sun, Qi; Manson, Joann E.; Hu, Frank B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Manson, Joann E.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, Bone Metab Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Pittas, AG (reprint author), Tufts Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Boston, MA USA. EM apittas@tuftsmedicalcenter.org FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Office of the Director [R01-DK-76092, R01-DK-79003]; National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements [R01-DK-76092, R01-DK-79003]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [R21-DK-78867, R01-DK-58845]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-9001] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Research Grants R01-DK-76092 and R01-DK-79003 both to A.G.P. (funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Office of the Director, and the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements), R21-DK-78867 to A.G.P., and R01-DK-58845 to J.E.M. and F.B.H. (funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases), and U.S. Department of Agriculture Agreement 58-1950-9001 to B.D.-H. NR 10 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD SEP PY 2010 VL 33 IS 9 BP 2021 EP 2023 DI 10.2337/dc10-0790 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 659IN UT WOS:000282560300024 PM 20805275 ER PT J AU D'Amore, DV Fellman, JB Edwards, RT Hood, E AF D'Amore, David V. Fellman, Jason B. Edwards, Richard T. Hood, Eran TI Controls on dissolved organic matter concentrations in soils and streams from a forested wetland and sloping bog in southeast Alaska SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE acrotelm; peatlands; peat hydrology; biogeochemistry ID UPLAND PEAT; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CARBON CONCENTRATIONS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; TEMPERATE FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BLANKET PEAT; CATCHMENT; NITROGEN; EXPORT AB Understanding the sources and removal mechanisms for dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soils is critical to determining the importance of peatlands in influencing streamwater DOM concentrations. Soil saturation and soil temperature are the primary factors that influence DOM cycling in soils, but the relationships among these factors vary by soil type and climate. Despite the extent of peatlands that occur within Pacific coastal temperate rainforest (CTR) watersheds, there is little information describing how DOM storage and export patterns are related to soil saturation and temperature in the region. We measured soil water tables, soil temperatures and redox potential and compared these measurements to fluctuations in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) concentrations in a forested wetland and sloping bog in southeast Alaska to address this key information gap. DOC concentrations ranged from 5 to 140 mg C l(-1) in wetland soils, 11 to 46 mg C l(-1) in streams, and varied greatly in response to changes in water table, redox potential and soil temperature. Similarly, DON concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 2.4 mg N l(-1) in wetland soils, 0.2 to 0.6 mg N l(-1) in streams and concentrations also reflected seasonal changes in physical measures. Depth to water table and soil temperature were significant factors related to the concentration of DOC in forested wetland soils and streams, while soil temperature was a significant factor that influenced stream DOC and DON concentrations. Comparing soil solution and stream DOM concentrations indicated that N is retained in bogs, while both dilution and biotic/abiotic retention mechanisms control DOM export in forested wetlands. The relationships among soil saturation, temperature and concentrations of DOC and DON provide preliminary models for estimating DOM fluxes from wetland soils in the CTR. Furthermore, these results can help calibrate regional watershed carbon flux models to predict the potential impacts of climate shifts and management activities on future wetland soil and stream DOM concentrations in CTR watersheds. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [D'Amore, David V.; Edwards, Richard T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Fellman, Jason B.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hood, Eran] Univ Alaska SE, Environm Sci Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP D'Amore, DV (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ddamore@fs.fed.us FU US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative [2005-35102-16289] FX We would like to thank Toni De Santo for comments on an initial version of the manuscript, and also thank the two anonymous reviewers for many helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. We also wish to thank Erik Norberg and Jacob Berkowitz contributed field and lab assistance for this work. This study was partially funded by the US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative, grant number 2005-35102-16289. NR 68 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 42 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1002/eco.101 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 648KC UT WOS:000281691500001 ER PT J AU Chimner, RA Welker, JM Morgan, J LeCain, D Reeder, J AF Chimner, R. A. Welker, J. M. Morgan, J. LeCain, D. Reeder, J. TI Experimental manipulations of winter snow and summer rain influence ecosystem carbon cycling in a mixed-grass prairie, Wyoming, USA SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CO2; climate change; grasslands; precipitation; production ID SIMULATED CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; CHAMBER TECHNIQUES; REGIONAL PATTERNS; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; MESIC GRASSLAND; DIOXIDE FLUXES; ARCTIC TUNDRA; CO2 EXCHANGE AB Water-limited grasslands may be exceedingly vulnerable to changes in the timing or amount of precipitation which may result in shifts in the magnitudes and patterns of carbon cycling. Shifts in CO2 exchange may lead to alterations in carbon sequestration or net losses and could accentuate the rising CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere or ameliorate the increases. The objective of our project was to quantify how changes in winter, summer, and combined winter and summer precipitation may alter rates of ecosystem C cycling in the mixed-grass prairie of the United States. Three replicated 50 m snow fences were installed to increase winter snow while summer precipitation was manipulated by either increasing (+50%) or decreasing (-50%) precipitation amounts. Measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP), and ecosystem respiration (ER) and plant biomass were conducted throughout the snow-free period. Deeper snow in winter increased summer ER by an average of 27%, GEP by 45%, NEE by 90% and plant biomass by 50% compared to ambient snow conditions. Average plant biomass increased 44% with the addition of summer rain and decreased by 18% where rainfall was excluded under ambient snow conditions. Average NEE was also lower where rain was excluded. Our findings indicate that seasonality changes of precipitation may be important in regulating the future extent of C sequestration and C cycling in one of the most extensive, intact grasslands of North America. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Chimner, R. A.; Welker, J. M.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Welker, J. M.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK USA. [Welker, J. M.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol, Anchorage, AK USA. [Morgan, J.; LeCain, D.; Reeder, J.] USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Rangeland Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Chimner, RA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM rchimner@mtu.edu RI Welker, Jeffrey/C-9493-2013 FU National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC) FX We would like to thank Sanjay Advani, Nicholas Levitt, Lisa Walsh, and Derek Esposito for help with field work and ARS personnel for logistical help. This manuscript was also improved by the editing of anonymous reviewers. This research was supported by a National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC) award to J. M. W. and colleagues and disseminated by the Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program (BER), US Department of Energy, through the Great Plains Regional Center of the NIGEC under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC03-90ER61010. NR 63 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 284 EP 293 DI 10.1002/eco.106 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 648KC UT WOS:000281691500004 ER PT J AU Kolka, RK Giardina, CP McClure, JD Mayer, A Jurgensen, MF AF Kolka, Randall K. Giardina, Christian P. McClure, Jason D. Mayer, Alex Jurgensen, Martin F. TI Partitioning hydrologic contributions to an 'old-growth' riparian area in the Huron Mountains of Michigan, USA SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE riparian; snowmelt; groundwater; hyporheic; stable isotopes ID MODELING STREAMWATER CHEMISTRY; GROUNDWATER RESIDENCE TIMES; SOILWATER END-MEMBERS; LAKE-EFFECT SNOWFALL; HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION; NORTHERN MICHIGAN; GREAT-LAKES; HEADWATER CATCHMENT; HARDWOOD FORESTS; STABLE-ISOTOPES AB Over the past century, annual snowfall has increased across the 'snow-belt' region of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, yet total annual precipitation has not changed, with potential impacts on hydrological processes and ecosystem composition. Using an integrated hydrochemical approach, we characterized groundwater discharge and quantified the contribution of snow- and rain-derived waters to groundwater for an old-growth riparian area within the Huron Mountains in northern Michigan. We then quantified the relative contribution of lateral, hillslope-derived groundwater and upstream lake water to streamwater, and the extent of hyporheic zone expansion and contraction during one growing season. During a period of above-average snowfall, yet below average growing season precipitation, similar to 80% of the riparian area's groundwater reservoir was derived from snowmelt. The relative contribution of groundwater to streamflow ranged from 70% in June to 100% in August. The remainder was derived from upstream lakes and wetlands, which dropped in elevation and relative contribution from June to August. Finally, the extent of the hyporheic zone was small (<50 cm from streambed surface) and contracted towards the stream during the recession limb of the hydrograph. We conclude that if snowfall continues to rise while total annual precipitation declines, in line with climate change scenarios for the region, then water fluxes from snowmelt will increasingly dominate summer baseflow and could potentially increase spring flooding. However, because of overall declines in precipitation, streamflow patterns will likely change towards lower overall flow following the influence of the snowmelt period. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kolka, Randall K.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, No Res Stn, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Giardina, Christian P.] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [McClure, Jason D.; Mayer, Alex; Jurgensen, Martin F.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Kolka, RK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, No Res Stn, USDA, 1831 Hwy 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM rkolka@fs.fed.us RI Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011 OI Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073 FU Riparian and Aquatic Ecosystems work unit; Belowground Processes work unit of the Northern Research Station of the USDA Forest Service; Huron Mountain Wildlife Foundation FX Funding for this research was provided by the Riparian and Aquatic Ecosystems work unit and the Belowground Processes work unit of the Northern Research Station of the USDA Forest Service. We also thank the Huron Mountain Wildlife Foundation for critical logistical and financial support for field sampling. We also would like to thank Joe Ridgeway and numerous field assistants who helped make the project successful. NR 81 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 315 EP 324 DI 10.1002/eco.112 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 648KC UT WOS:000281691500007 ER PT J AU Rabotyagov, S Campbell, T Jha, M Gassman, PW Arnold, J Kurkalova, L Secchi, S Feng, HL Kling, CL AF Rabotyagov, Sergey Campbell, Todd Jha, Manoj Gassman, Philip W. Arnold, Jeffrey Kurkalova, Lyubov Secchi, Silvia Feng, Hongli Kling, Catherine L. TI Least-cost control of agricultural nutrient contributions to the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE agricultural conservation practices; evolutionary algorithm; Gulf of Mexico; hypoxia; nonpoint source pollution; Upper Mississippi River Basin, USA; water quality ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; WATER-QUALITY; POLLUTION; NITROGEN; SWAT; PROGRAMS; SEDIMENT; DELIVERY; SCALE; FLOW AB In 2008, the hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico, measuring 20 720 km(2), was one of the two largest reported since measurement of the zone began in 1985. The extent of the hypoxic zone is related to nitrogen and phosphorous loadings originating on agricultural fields in the upper Midwest. This study combines the tools of evolutionary computation with a water quality model and cost data to develop a trade-off frontier for the Upper Mississippi River Basin specifying the least cost of achieving nutrient reductions and the location of the agricultural conservation practices needed. The frontier allows policymakers and stakeholders to explicitly see the trade-offs between cost and nutrient reductions. For example, the cost of reducing annual nitrate-N loadings by 30% is estimated to be US$1.4 billion/year, with a concomitant 36% reduction in P and the cost of reducing annual P loadings by 30% is estimated to be US$ 370 million/year, with a concomitant 9% reduction in nitrate-N. C1 [Rabotyagov, Sergey] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Campbell, Todd; Jha, Manoj; Gassman, Philip W.; Kling, Catherine L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Arnold, Jeffrey] USDA ARS, Grassland & Soil Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Kurkalova, Lyubov] N Carolina A&T Univ, Dept Econ & Transportat, Logist & Energy & Environm Studies Program, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Secchi, Silvia] So Illinois Univ, Dept Agribusiness Econ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Feng, Hongli] Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50014 USA. RP Rabotyagov, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM rabotyag@u.washington.edu RI Rabotyagov, Sergey/F-4032-2011; Secchi, Silvia/C-9124-2013; OI Secchi, Silvia/0000-0003-0095-0789; Kling, Catherine L/0000-0002-4785-7154 FU U.S. EPA [FP-91659501]; USDA/CSREES [2009-10002-05149]; NASA/USDA [2006-35615-16724] FX S. Rabotyagov received support from the U.S. EPA's Science to Achieve Results Graduate Fellowship FP-91659501. The authors gratefully acknowledge partial support from USDA/CSREES grant 2009-10002-05149 and NASA Land-Cover/Land-Use Change Program (LCLUC) joint NASA/USDA grant number 2006-35615-16724. NR 38 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 7 U2 42 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1542 EP 1555 DI 10.1890/08-0680.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 643EN UT WOS:000281278500006 PM 20945758 ER PT J AU Cheng, YB Middleton, EM Huemmrich, KF Zhang, QY Campbell, PKE Corp, LA Russ, AL Kustas, WP AF Cheng, Yen-Ben Middleton, Elizabeth M. Huemmrich, Karl F. Zhang, Qingyuan Campbell, Petya K. E. Corp, Lawrence A. Russ, Andrew L. Kustas, William P. TI Utilizing in situ directional hyperspectral measurements to validate bio-indicator simulations for a corn crop canopy SO ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Hyperspectral data; Radiative transfer models; SAIL; MCRM; Photochemical reflectance index; NDVI ID LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; PHOTOCHEMICAL REFLECTANCE INDEX; RADIATION-USE-EFFICIENCY; WATER-STRESS DETECTION; XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE; VEGETATION INDEXES; SUNFLOWER LEAVES; GLOBAL RADIATION; DIRECT COMPONENT; TRANSFER MODEL AB Two radiative transfer canopy models, SAIL and the two-layer Markov-Chain Canopy Reflectance Model (MCRM), were coupled with in situ leaf optical properties to simulate canopy-level spectral band ratio vegetation indices with the focus on the photochemical reflectance index in a cornfield. In situ hyperspectral measurements were made at both leaf and canopy levels. Leaf optical properties were obtained from both sunlit and shaded leaves. Canopy reflectance was acquired for eight different relative azimuth angles (psi) at three different view zenith angles (theta(v)), and later used to validate model outputs. Field observations of PRI for sunlit leaves exhibited lower values than shaded leaves, indicating higher light stress Canopy PRI expressed obvious sensitivity to viewing geometry, as a function of both theta(v) and psi. Overall, simulations from MCRM exhibited better agreements with in situ values than SAIL When using only sunlit leaves as input, the MCRM-simulated PRI values showed satisfactory correlation and RMSE. as compared to in situ values However. the performance of the MCRM model was significantly improved after defining a lower canopy layer comprised of shaded leaves beneath the upper sunlit leaf layer. Four other widely used band ratio vegetation indices were also studied and compared with the PRI results. MCRM simulations were able to generate satisfactory simulations for these other four indices when using only sunlit leaves as input: but unlike PRI, adding shaded leaves did not improve the performance of MCRM. These results support the hypothesis that the PRI is sensitive to physiological dynamics while the others detect static factors related to canopy structure. Sensitivity analysis was performed on MCRM in order to better understand the effects of structure related parameters on the PRI simulations. LAI showed the most significant impact on MCRM-simulated PRI among the parameters studied This research shows the importance of hyperspectral and narrow band sensor studies, and especially the necessity of including the green wavelengths (e g., 531 nm) on satellites proposing to monitor carbon dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Yen-Ben; Middleton, Elizabeth M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cheng, Yen-Ben] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Huemmrich, Karl F.; Campbell, Petya K. E.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Zhang, Qingyuan] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Corp, Lawrence A.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Russ, Andrew L.; Kustas, William P.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cheng, YB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Cheng, Yen-Ben/G-1311-2012; Campbell, Petya/G-4931-2013; Campbell, Petya/L-7486-2013 OI Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951; Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951 FU NASA FX Y.-B. Cheng is currently affiliated with Earth Resources Technology. Inc. Part of the work presented in this paper was completed when he was a NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. Additional funding came through a NASA ROSES project (PI, E.M. Middleton) funded through the Carbon Cycle Science Program (Diane Wickland, manager). The authors gratefully acknowledge W. Verhoef and A. Kuusk for sharing computer code for canopy reflectance models. NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-9541 EI 1878-0512 J9 ECOL INFORM JI Ecol. Inform. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 5 IS 5 SI SI BP 330 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2010.03.001 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 670VR UT WOS:000283455900003 ER PT J AU Liu, YQ Stanturf, J Goodrick, S AF Liu, Yongqiang Stanturf, John Goodrick, Scott TI Wildfire potential evaluation during a drought event with a regional climate model and NDVI SO ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Regional climate modeling; Wildfire potential; Drought; KBDI; Soil moisture; NDVI ID FIRE-DANGER ASSESSMENT; FOREST-FIRES; MOISTURE-CONTENT; VEGETATION; EMISSIONS; BEHAVIOR; REGCM2; INDEX AB Regional climate modeling is a technique for simulating high-resolution physical processes in the atmosphere. soil and vegetation. It can be used to evaluate wildfire potential by either providing meteorological conditions for computation of fire indices or predicting soil moisture as a direct measure of fire potential This study examines these roles using a regional climate model (RCM) for the drought and wildfire events in 1988 in the northern United States. The National Center for Atmospheric Research regional climate model (RegCM) was used to conduct simulations of a summer month in each year from 1988 to 1995 The simulated precipitation and maximum surface air temperature were used to calculate the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI), which is a popular fire potential index We found that the KBDI increased significantly under the simulated drought condition The corresponding fire potential was upgraded from moderate for a normal year to high level for the drought year High fire potential is often an indicator for occurrence of intense and extensive wildfires. Fire potential changed in the opposite direction for the 1993 flood event, indicating little possibility of severe wildfires. The soil moisture and KBDI evaluations under the drought and flood conditions are in agreement with satellite remotely sensed vegetation conditions and the actual wildfire activity. The precipitation anomaly was a more important contributor to the KBDI changes than temperature anomaly. The small magnitude of the simulated soil moisture anomalies during the drought event did not provide sufficient evidence for the role of simulated soil moisture as a direct measure of wildfire potential Published by Elsevier B V. C1 [Liu, Yongqiang; Stanturf, John; Goodrick, Scott] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Liu, YQ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, USDA, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 FU USDA Forest Service FX This study was supported by the USDA Forest Service. The meteorological data for driving the regional climate model were obtained from the National Center for Atmospheric Research. We would like to thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments that helped improve the manuscript. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-9541 EI 1878-0512 J9 ECOL INFORM JI Ecol. Inform. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 5 IS 5 SI SI BP 418 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2010.04.001 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 670VR UT WOS:000283455900012 ER PT J AU Yang, CH Everitt, JH AF Yang, Chenghai Everitt, James H. TI Mapping three invasive weeds using airborne hyperspectral imagery SO ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Invasive weeds; Airborne hyperspectral imagery; Image transformation; Image classification; Accuracy assessment ID SNAKEWEED GUTIERREZIA-SAROTHRAE; MULTISPECTRAL DIGITAL IMAGERY; SPECTRAL MIXTURE-MODELS; BROOM SNAKEWEED; ASHE JUNIPER; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; UNITED-STATES; CLASSIFICATION AB Invasive plant species present a serious problem to the natural environment and have adverse ecological and economic impacts on both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems they invade This article presents three case studies on the use of hyperspectral remote sensing for mapping invasive plant species in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Methods and procedures for acquisition, processing and classification of airborne hyperspectral imagery as well as accuracy assessment are presented Examples are excerpted and adapted from published work to illustrate how airborne hyperspectral imagery has been used to map two terrestrial weeds, Ashe juniper (Juniperus she: Buchholz) and Broom snakeweed [Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh.) Britt. and Rusby], and one aquatic weed, waterhyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms], in Texas. In addition to the standard classification methods used in the previous studies, a spectral unmixing technique, mixture tuned matched filtering (MTMF). was applied to the three study cases and the classification results are reported in this paper. A brief discussion is provided on the considerations of different types of remote sensing imagery for mapping invasive weeds. Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Yang, Chenghai; Everitt, James H.] USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Yang, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 66 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-9541 J9 ECOL INFORM JI Ecol. Inform. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 5 IS 5 SI SI BP 429 EP 439 DI 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2010.03.002 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 670VR UT WOS:000283455900013 ER PT J AU Cox, F Barsoum, N Lilleskov, EA Bidartondo, MI AF Cox, Filipa Barsoum, Nadia Lilleskov, Erik A. Bidartondo, Martin I. TI Nitrogen availability is a primary determinant of conifer mycorrhizas across complex environmental gradients SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE Deposition; fungi; indicator species; mycorrhizas; nitrogen; Pinus; pollution; Russula; symbiosis ID ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; DEPOSITION GRADIENT; SPECIES RICHNESS; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; FOREST; DIVERSITY; SCALE; DECOMPOSITION; SUCCESSION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Global environmental change has serious implications for functional biodiversity in temperate and boreal forests. Trees depend on mycorrhizal fungi for nutrient uptake, but predicted increases in nitrogen availability may alter fungal communities. To address a knowledge gap regarding the effects of nitrogen availability on mycorrhizal communities at large scales, we examine the relationship between nitrogen and ectomycorrhizas in part of a European biomonitoring network of pine forest plots. Our analyses show that increased nitrogen reduces fungal diversity and causes shifts in mycorrhizal community composition across plots, but we do not find strong evidence that within-plot differences in nitrogen availability affect ectomycorrhizal communities. We also carry out exploratory analyses to determine the relative importance of other environmental variables in structuring mycorrhizal communities, and discuss the potential use of indicator species to predict nitrogen-induced shifts in fungal communities. C1 [Cox, Filipa; Bidartondo, Martin I.] Royal Bot Gardens, Richmond TW9 3DS, England. [Cox, Filipa; Bidartondo, Martin I.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Cox, Filipa; Barsoum, Nadia] Forest Res, Farnham GU10 4LH, Surrey, England. [Lilleskov, Erik A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49901 USA. RP Cox, F (reprint author), Royal Bot Gardens, Richmond TW9 3DS, England. EM f.cox06@imperial.ac.uk NR 49 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 9 U2 96 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 13 IS 9 BP 1103 EP 1113 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01494.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 641NO UT WOS:000281134800004 PM 20545731 ER PT J AU Emery, MR Barron, ES AF Emery, Marla R. Barron, Elizabeth S. TI Using Local Ecological Knowledge to Assess Morel Decline in the US Mid-Atlantic Region SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Non-timber forest products; Mushrooms; Fungi; Land management; National parks; Morchella; Local ecological knowledge ID MANAGEMENT; UNDERSTORY AB Using Local Ecological Knowledge to Assess Morel Decline in the U. S. Mid-Atlantic Region. Morels (Morchella spp.) are prized wild edible mushrooms. In the United States, morels are the focus of family traditions, local festivals, mycological society forays, and social media, as well as substantial commercial trade. A majority of the anglophone research on morels has been conducted in Europe and in the U. S. Pacific Northwest and Midwest. This literature provides insights into a diverse and plastic genus, but much of its biology and ecology remains a mystery. In 2004, we initiated a study of morel mushroom harvesting in the U. S. Mid-Atlantic region in response to concerns that morels might be in decline in the national parks in that area. This paper presents results from that research with an emphasis on morel hunters' local ecological knowledge of morel types, phenology, habitat, vegetative associations, and responses to disturbance. We conclude that experienced morel harvesters possess local ecological knowledge that complements scientific knowledge and can increase our understanding of the complex and regionally variable ecology of Morchella and inform conservation efforts. C1 [Emery, Marla R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Burlington, VT USA. [Barron, Elizabeth S.] Harvard Univ, Pringle Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Emery, MR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Burlington, VT USA. EM marla.emery@uvm.edu FU U.S. National Park Service FX We are indebted to the U.S. National Park Service for support of the research on which this paper is based. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 64 IS 3 BP 205 EP 216 DI 10.1007/s12231-010-9127-y PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 644PS UT WOS:000281392500002 ER PT J AU McCormack, ML Pritchard, SG Breland, S Davis, MA Prior, SA Runion, GB Mitchell, RJ Rogers, HH AF McCormack, M. Luke Pritchard, Seth G. Breland, Sabrie Davis, Michael A. Prior, Stephen A. Runion, G. Brett Mitchell, Robert J. Rogers, Hugo H. TI Soil Fungi Respond More Strongly than Fine Roots to Elevated CO2 in a Model Regenerating Longleaf Pine-Wiregrass Ecosystem SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2; fine roots; mycorrhizal fungi; longleaf pine; wiregrass; minirhizotron ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; MYCORRHIZAL COLONIZATION; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; TEMPERATE FOREST; DECIDUOUS FOREST; DYNAMICS; ENRICHMENT; COMMUNITY AB Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration will affect belowground processes and forest function. However, the direction and magnitude of change for many soil processes are unknown. We used minirhizotrons to observe fine root and fungal dynamics in response to elevated CO2 in a model regenerating longleaf pine community in open-top chambers. The model community consisted of five plant species common to xeric sandhills longleaf pine stands: Pinus palustris, Quercus margaretta, Aristida stricta, Crotalaria rotundifolia, and Asclepias tuberosa. Elevated CO2 significantly increased both fine root and mycorrhizal tip standing crop by more than 50% in the deeper soil horizon (17-34 cm). Rhizomorph standing crop was nearly doubled in both deep and shallow soil (P = 0.04). Survivorship results for fine roots and rhizomorphs varied between soil depths. Fine root survivorship was likely influenced more by changes in community composition and species interactions driven by elevated CO2 rather than by direct effects of elevated CO2 on the fine roots of individual species. In this system, it appears that elevated CO2 led to a greater reliance on fungal symbionts to meet additional nutrient requirements rather than substantially increased root growth. C1 [Pritchard, Seth G.; Breland, Sabrie] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [McCormack, M. Luke] Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Davis, Michael A.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Prior, Stephen A.; Runion, G. Brett; Rogers, Hugo H.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Mitchell, Robert J.] Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 31770 USA. RP Pritchard, SG (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. EM pritchards@cofc.edu OI Breland, Sabrie/0000-0002-7180-604X FU Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-95ER62083, DE-FG02-06ER64156]; NSF [IOB 0613832] FX This work was supported by Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research (BER), US Department of Energy, grants no. DE-FG02-95ER62083 and DE-FC02-06ER64156 and partially supported by NSF grant IOB 0613832. Barry Dorman and Tammy Dorman are thanked for their technical assistance. David Eissenstat is thanked for his support and encouragement. NR 62 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD SEP PY 2010 VL 13 IS 6 BP 901 EP 916 DI 10.1007/s10021-010-9360-3 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 641WP UT WOS:000281162400009 ER PT J AU Rattner, BA Horak, KE Warner, SE Johnston, JJ AF Rattner, Barnett A. Horak, Katherine E. Warner, Sarah E. Johnston, John J. TI Acute toxicity of diphacinone in Northern bobwhite: Effects on survival and blood clotting SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Anticoagulant; Birds; Clotting time; Diphacinone; Fibrinogen; Non-target effects; Prothrombin time; Russell's Viper venom time; Secondary poisoning; Thrombin clotting time ID ANTICOAGULANT RODENTICIDES; PROTHROMBIN TIMES; NEW-YORK; THROMBOPLASTIN; COAGULATION; BRODIFACOUM; CHICKENS; WILDLIFE; WARFARIN; POULTRY AB The anticoagulant rodenticide diphacinone was slightly toxic (acute oral LD(50) 2014 mg/kg) to Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) in a 14-day acute toxicity trial. Precise and sensitive assays of blood clotting (prothrombin time, Russell's Viper venom time, and thrombin clotting time) were adapted for use in quail, and this combination of assays is recommended to measure the effects of anticoagulant rodenticides. A single oral sublethal dose of diphacinone (434 mg/kg body weight) prolonged clotting time at 48 h post-dose compared to controls. At 783 mg/kg (approximate LD(02)), clotting time was prolonged at both 24 and 48 h post-dose. Prolongation of in vitro clotting time reflects impaired coagulation complex activity, and was detected before overt signs of toxicity were apparent at the greatest dosages (2868 and 3666 mg/kg) in the acute toxicity trial. These clotting time assays and toxicity data will assist in the development of a pharmacodynamic model to predict toxicity, and also facilitate rodenticide hazard and risk assessments in avian species. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Rattner, Barnett A.; Warner, Sarah E.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Dept Interior, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Horak, Katherine E.; Johnston, John J.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Dept Interior, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC E 308, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM brattner@usgs.gov FU USDA; USGS; California Department of Food and Agriculture Vertebrate Pest Control Research Advisory Committee [07-0832] FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Marjory B. Brooks (Comparative Coagulation Section, Cornell University) and Dr. John A. Doerr (University of Maryland) for guidance with the development of the clotting time assays, Drs. Thomas M. Primus and Christi Yoder (NWRC, USDA), and Dr. Moira A. McKernan and Rebecca S. Lazarus (PWRC, USGS) for technical assistance with portions of these studies, and Dr. David J. Hoffman (PWRC, USGS) for reviewing a draft of this manuscript. This work was supported by the USDA, USGS and a grant from the California Department of Food and Agriculture Vertebrate Pest Control Research Advisory Committee (agreement 07-0832). Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1159 EP 1164 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.05.021 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 650BL UT WOS:000281822200008 PM 20580432 ER PT J AU Fisher, BT Knothe, G Mueller, CJ AF Fisher, Brian T. Knothe, Gerhard Mueller, Charles J. TI Liquid-Phase Penetration under Unsteady In-Cylinder Conditions: Soy- and Cuphea-Derived Biodiesel Fuels Versus Conventional Diesel SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DISTILLATION CURVE METHOD; CONTINUOUS THERMODYNAMICS; DROPLET VAPORIZATION; IMPROVEMENTS; MODEL; OIL; MIXTURES; GASOLINE; ENGINE; TEMPERATURE AB Accelerated dilution of engine lubrication oil with unburned fuel is a significant potential issue when utilizing fuels that contain biodiesel. Biodiesel produced from some feedstocks is less volatile than conventional diesel, which makes wall impingement of liquid fuel more likely and reduces the ability of the fuel to evaporate out of engine oil once dilution has occurred. These are growing concerns, particularly with the emergence of strategies that involve injection of fuel into relatively cool, low-density, in-cylinder gases. Examples of these strategies include early direct-injection and late-cycle post-injection, which facilitate partially premixed low-temperature combustion and aftertreatment system regeneration, respectively. A quantitative understanding of liquid-phase penetration for biodiesel fuels is needed to help mitigate these potential issues. This work reports liquid penetration lengths measured in an optical engine under time-varying in-cylinder conditions for soy- and cuphea-derived biodiesel fuels (soy methyl esters = SME and cuphea methyl esters = CuME, respectively) and a commercial ultralow-sulfur diesel (ULSD). Experiments included laser light scattering for measurement of the liquid length and cylinder-pressure data acquisition for heat-release analysis. Data were acquired for multiple injection pressures, intake-manifold pressures, and injection timings for each fuel. SME and CuME both were found to have similar to 20-30% longer liquid lengths than U LSD, despite a large concentration of higher-volatility components in CuME. Compared to ULSD and SME, however, CuME liquid lengths were more dependent on injection timing. Results suggest that early direct-injection and late-cycle post-injection strategies may benefit from the use of CuME vs SME. C1 [Fisher, Brian T.; Mueller, Charles J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Knothe, Gerhard] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Fisher, BT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM btfishe@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies. We thank program manager Kevin Stork for supporting this study. The research was conducted at the Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories (Livermore, California). Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lock-heed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. We also gratefully acknowledge Kevin R. Steidley (USDA/ARS/NCAUR) for skillfully synthesizing the cuphea methylesters. NR 85 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP PY 2010 VL 24 BP 5163 EP 5180 DI 10.1021/ef100594p PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 666JM UT WOS:000283111000067 ER PT J AU Yang, ZX Chen, XM Havill, NP Feng, Y Chen, H AF Yang, Zi-xiang Chen, Xiao-ming Havill, Nathan P. Feng, Ying Chen, Hang TI Phylogeny of Rhus gall aphids (Hemiptera : Pemphigidae) based on combined molecular analysis of nuclear EF1 alpha and mitochondrial COII genes SO ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gall evolution; Melaphidini; molecular phylogeny; taxonomy ID EVOLUTION; MORPHOLOGY; SEQUENCES; DNA; HYMENOPTERA; EF-1-ALPHA; INSECTS; THRIPS AB Rhus gall aphids (Fordinae : Melaphidini) have a disjunct distribution in East Asia and North America and have specific host plant relationships. Some of them are of economic importance and all species form sealed galls which show great variation in shape, size, structure, and galling-site. We present a phylogeny incorporating ten species and four subspecies of Rhus gall aphids based on 1694 base pairs of nuclear elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1 alpha) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) DNA sequence data. The results suggest that Melaphidini is monophyletic and at the genus level, Schlechtendalia, Nurudea, and Floraphis were each monophyletic. Kaburagia and Meitanaphis were not monophyletic and therefore inconsistent with the current classification. The North American sumac gall aphid, Melaphis rhois, was most closely related to the East Asian Floraphis species, although this was poorly supported. The conservation of gall morphology with respect to aphid phylogeny rather than their host plants suggests that gall morphology is largely determined by the aphids. While there is no evidence of strict co-speciation between the aphids and their primary host plants, switching between recently diverged host plants may be involved in the speciation process in Melaphidini. C1 [Yang, Zi-xiang; Chen, Xiao-ming; Feng, Ying; Chen, Hang] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Resource Insects, Key Lab Breeding & Utilizat Resource Insects, State Forestry Adm, Kunming 650224, Peoples R China. [Havill, Nathan P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Hamden, CT USA. RP Chen, XM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Resource Insects, Key Lab Breeding & Utilizat Resource Insects, State Forestry Adm, Kunming 650224, Peoples R China. EM xmchen@vip.km169.net FU Research Institute of Resource Insects; Chinese Academy of Forestry [Riri200701Z]; Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province [2008ZC105M] FX We are very grateful to Prof. Kevin D. Hyde, Dr Robert G. Foottit and Dr Melody Keena for helpful comments on the manuscript. Robert G. Foottit and Eric Maw (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa) provided a DNA sample of Melaphis rhois. This study was supported by a grant from the Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry (Riri200701Z) and the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province (2008ZC105M). NR 38 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1343-8786 EI 1479-8298 J9 ENTOMOL SCI JI Entomol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 13 IS 3 BP 351 EP 357 DI 10.1111/j.1479-8298.2010.00391.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 655DF UT WOS:000282222400011 ER PT J AU Wolf, J O'Neill, NR Rogers, CA Muilenberg, ML Ziska, LH AF Wolf, Julie O'Neill, Nichole R. Rogers, Christine A. Muilenberg, Michael L. Ziska, Lewis H. TI Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentrations Amplify Alternaria alternata Sporulation and Total Antigen Production SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE allergic rhinitis; Alternaria alternata; asthma; Cladosporium phlei; elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)); fungal antigenic protein; fungal sporulation; global climate change; plant carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N); timothy grass (Phleum pratense) ID TO-NITROGEN RATIO; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PLANT-TISSUES; US HOMES; CO2; ASTHMA; GROWTH; METAANALYSIS; CONIDIATION AB BACKGROUND: Although the effect of elevated carbon dioxide (CO(2)) concentration on pollen production has been established in some plant species, impacts on fungal sporulation and antigen production have not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to examine the effects of rising atmospheric CO(2) concentrations on the quantity and quality of fungal spores produced on timothy (Phleum pratense) leaves. METHODS: Timothy plants were grown at four CO(2) concentrations (300, 400, 500, and 600 mu mol/mol). Leaves were used as growth substrate for Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium phlei. The spore abundance produced by both fungi, as well as the size (microscopy) and antigenic protein content (ELISA) of A. alternata, were quantified. RESULTS: Leaf carbon-to-nitrogen ratio was greater at 500 and 600 mu mol/mol, and leaf biomass was greater at 600 mu mol/mol than at the lower CO(2) concentrations. Leaf carbon-to-nitrogen ratio was positively correlated with A. alternata spore production per gram of leaf but negatively correlated with antigenic protein content per spore. At 500 and 600 mu mol/mol CO(2) concentrations, A. alternata produced nearly three times the number of spores and more than twice the total antigenic protein per plant than at lower concentrations. C. phlei spore production was positively correlated with leaf carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, but overall spore production was much lower than in A. alternata, and total per-plant production did not vary among CO(2) concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated CO(2) concentrations often increase plant leaf biomass and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. Here we demonstrate for the first time that these leaf changes are associated with increased spore production by A. alternata, a ubiquitous allergenic fungus. This response may contribute to the increasing prevalence of allergies and asthma. C1 [Wolf, Julie] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [O'Neill, Nichole R.; Ziska, Lewis H.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Rogers, Christine A.; Muilenberg, Michael L.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Publ Hlth, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Wolf, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, 1109 HJ Patterson Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM thejuliewolf@gmail.com RI Rogers, Christine/A-2189-2008; wolf, julie/I-6829-2012 OI Rogers, Christine/0000-0003-0887-9606; wolf, julie/0000-0002-1437-982X NR 47 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 23 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 118 IS 9 BP 1223 EP 1228 DI 10.1289/ehp.0901867 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 647MB UT WOS:000281621500007 PM 20462828 ER PT J AU Nowak, DJ Greenfield, EJ AF Nowak, David J. Greenfield, Eric J. TI Evaluating The National Land Cover Database Tree Canopy and Impervious Cover Estimates Across the Conterminous United States: A Comparison with Photo-Interpreted Estimates SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE National cover maps; Photo-interpretation; Tree canopy cover; Impervious cover ID ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; RESOLUTION IMAGERY; MAP ACCURACY; 2001 NLCD; URBAN; SURFACES AB The 2001 National Land Cover Database (NLCD) provides 30-m resolution estimates of percentage tree canopy and percentage impervious cover for the conterminous United States. Previous estimates that compared NLCD tree canopy and impervious cover estimates with photo-interpreted cover estimates within selected counties and places revealed that NLCD underestimates tree and impervious cover. Based on these previous results, a wall-to-wall comprehensive national analysis was conducted to determine if and how NLCD derived estimates of tree and impervious cover varies from photo-interpreted values across the conterminous United States. Results of this analysis reveal that NLCD significantly underestimates tree cover in 64 of the 65 zones used to create the NCLD cover maps, with a national average underestimation of 9.7% (standard error (SE) = 1.0%) and a maximum underestimation of 28.4% in mapping zone 3. Impervious cover was also underestimated in 44 zones with an average underestimation of 1.4% (SE = 0.4%) and a maximum underestimation of 5.7% in mapping zone 56. Understanding the degree of underestimation by mapping zone can lead to better estimates of tree and impervious cover and a better understanding of the potential limitations associated with NLCD cover estimates. C1 [Nowak, David J.; Greenfield, Eric J.] SUNY ESF, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Nowak, DJ (reprint author), SUNY ESF, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 5 Moon Lib, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM dnowak@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service FX Funding for this project was provided, in part, by the U.S. Forest Service's RPA Assessment Staff and State & Private Forestry's Urban and Community Forestry Program. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this article is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U. S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. We thank Mike Boarman, Chris Sorrentino, Maude Morse, and Sebastian Varela for photo-interpretation of the mapping zones. NR 45 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 46 IS 3 BP 378 EP 390 DI 10.1007/s00267-010-9536-9 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 652CQ UT WOS:000281979100006 PM 20676888 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Bates, JD AF Davies, Kirk W. Bates, Jon D. TI Native Perennial Forb Variation Between Mountain Big Sagebrush and Wyoming Big Sagebrush Plant Communities SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentate; Composition; Diversity; Habitat; Indicator species analysis; Ordination ID SAGE-GROUSE; MULE DEER; DIET; NUTRITION; ALLIANCE; RICHNESS; HABITAT; RANGE; FOODS; ELK AB Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) occupies large portions of the western United States and provides valuable wildlife habitat. However, information is lacking quantifying differences in native perennial forb characteristics between mountain big sagebrush [A. tridentata spp. vaseyana (Rydb.) Beetle] and Wyoming big sagebrush [A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis (Beetle & A. Young) S.L. Welsh] plant communities. This information is critical to accurately evaluate the quality of habitat and forage that these communities can produce because many wildlife species consume large quantities of native perennial forbs and depend on them for hiding cover. To compare native perennial forb characteristics on sites dominated by these two subspecies of big sagebrush, we sampled 106 intact big sagebrush plant communities. Mountain big sagebrush plant communities produced almost 4.5-fold more native perennial forb biomass and had greater native perennial forb species richness and diversity compared to Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities (P < 0.001). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) and the multiple-response permutation procedure (MRPP) demonstrated that native perennial forb composition varied between these plant communities (P < 0.001). Native perennial forb composition was more similar within plant communities grouped by big sagebrush subspecies than expected by chance (A = 0.112) and composition varied between community groups (P < 0.001). Indicator analysis did not identify any perennial forbs that were completely exclusive and faithful, but did identify several perennial forbs that were relatively good indicators of either mountain big sagebrush or Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities. Our results suggest that management plans and habitat guidelines should recognize differences in native perennial forb characteristics between mountain and Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities. C1 [Davies, Kirk W.; Bates, Jon D.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service at the Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center FX The authors thank the summer field crews for assisting with data collection. The authors were also grateful for data management by Aleta Nafus and Georjanna Pokorney. Reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript by Ed Vasquez and Dave Ganskopp were greatly appreciated. The authors also thank the anonymous reviewers for providing constructive criticism and useful suggestions on this manuscript. The authors also thank Burns- and Lakeview-District Bureau of Land Management and the Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge for providing land for this research project. Mike Gregg, Gail Collins, and Paul Steblein assistance in accessing intact big sagebrush on Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge was greatly appreciated. This research was funded by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service at the Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 46 IS 3 BP 452 EP 458 DI 10.1007/s00267-010-9530-2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 652CQ UT WOS:000281979100012 PM 20652808 ER PT J AU McDonnell, TC Cosby, BJ Sullivan, TJ McNulty, SG Cohen, EC AF McDonnell, T. C. Cosby, B. J. Sullivan, T. J. McNulty, S. G. Cohen, E. C. TI Comparison among model estimates of critical loads of acidic deposition using different sources and scales of input data SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Acidification; Weathering; Sulfur; Critical load; Atmospheric deposition ID FOREST SOILS; EXCEEDANCES; CHEMISTRY AB The critical load (CL) of acidic atmospheric deposition represents the load of acidity deposited from the atmosphere to the earth's surface at which harmful acidification effects on sensitive biological receptors are thought to occur. In this study, the CL for forest soils was estimated for 27 watersheds throughout the United States using a steady-state mass balance approach based on both national and site-specific data and using different approaches for estimating base cation weathering. Results suggested that the scale and source of input data can have large effects on the calculated CL and that the most important parameter in the steady-state model used to estimate CL is base cation weathering. These results suggest that the data and approach used to estimate weathering must be robust if the calculated CL is to be useful for its intended purpose. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McDonnell, T. C.; Sullivan, T. J.] E&S Environm Chem Inc, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. [Cosby, B. J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [McNulty, S. G.; Cohen, E. C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Eastern Forest Environm Threats Assessment Ctr Ra, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Sullivan, TJ (reprint author), E&S Environm Chem Inc, POB 609, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. EM todd.mcdonnell@esenvironmental.com; B.J.Cosby@virginia.edu; tim.sullivan@esenvironmental.com; steve_mcnulty@ncsu.edu; eccohen@fs.fed.us RI Cosby, Bernard/B-5653-2012 FU Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Southern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, Asheville, NC FX The research described in this paper was supported though funding provided by the Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Southern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, Asheville, NC. This manuscript has not been subjected to agency review and no official endorsement is implied. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 158 IS 9 BP 2934 EP 2939 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.06.007 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 643OL UT WOS:000281306400019 PM 20609503 ER PT J AU Goel, A McConnell, LL Torrents, A Kuang, ZH Hapeman, CJ Meritt, DW Alexander, ST Scudlark, JR Scarborough, R AF Goel, Anubha McConnell, Laura L. Torrents, Alba Kuang, Zhihua Hapeman, Cathleen J. Meritt, Donald W. Alexander, Stephanie T. Scudlark, Joseph R. Scarborough, Robert TI ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE LEVELS OF LEGACY PESTICIDES IN THE AIRSHED OF DELAWARE AND CHESAPEAKE BAYS, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; Organochlorine insecticides; Atmosphere; Long-range transport; Delaware Bay ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; SUSQUEHANNA RIVER-BASIN; CHEMICAL PROPERTY DATA; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; GREAT-LAKES; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; TEMPORAL TRENDS; SPATIAL TRENDS; AMBIENT AIR AB Organochlorine insecticides and their degradation products contribute to toxicity in Chesapeake Bay, USA, sediments and affect the reproductive health of avian species in the region; however, little is known of atmospheric sources or temporal trends in concentrations of these chemicals. Weekly air (n = 265) and daily rain samples (n = 494) were collected over 2000 to 2003 from three locations in the Delmarva Peninsula, USA. Pesticides were consistently present in the gas phase with infrequent detection in the particle phase. Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and cis- and trans-chlordane were detected most frequently (95-100%), and cis- and trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, and 1-chloro-4[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]benzene (4,4'-DDE) were also detected frequently. The highest mean air concentrations were for dieldrin (60-84 pg/m(3)), gamma-HCH (37-83 pg/m(3)), and 4,4'-DDE (16-80 pg/m(3)). Multiple regression analyses of air concentrations with temperature and wind conditions using modified Clausius-Clapeyron equations explained only 30 to 60% of the variability in concentration for most chemicals. Comparison of the air concentrations and enthalpy of air surface exchange values at the three sites indicate sources of chlordanes and alpha-HCH sources are primarily from long-range transport. However, examination of chlordane isomer ratios indicates some local and regional contributions, and gamma-HCH, 4,4'-DDE, dieldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, and oxychlordane also have local or regional sources, possibly from contaminated soils. Median rain sample volumes of 1 to 3 L led to infrequent detections in rain; however, average measured concentrations were 210 10 times higher than in the Great Lakes. Dissipation half-lives in air were well below 10 years for all chemicals and below published values for the Great Lakes except dieldrin, which did not decline during the sample period. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1893-1906. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [McConnell, Laura L.; Hapeman, Cathleen J.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Goel, Anubha; Torrents, Alba] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kuang, Zhihua] Greenman Pedersen, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Meritt, Donald W.; Alexander, Stephanie T.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Scudlark, Joseph R.] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. [Scarborough, Robert] Delaware Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Sagamiko, Kanagawa 19901, Japan. RP McConnell, LL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM laura.mcconnell@ars.usda.gov RI Meritt, Donald/D-3857-2012 FU Maryland Water Resources Research Center; Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology; USDA-ARS; National Atmospheric Deposition Program-Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (NADP-AIRMoN) FX Partial funding for this project was provided by grants from the Maryland Water Resources Research Center, the Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology, and USDA-ARS intramural research. Logistical support for sampling and ancillary data at Lewes, DE was provided by the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, under the auspices of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program-Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (NADP-AIRMoN). A portion of the 2000 population density data used in Figure 1 was obtained from the Center for International Earth Science Information Network at Columbia University (http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/usgrid/). Kusuma Prabhakara assisted with Figure 1, and Carrie Green is acknowledged for her assistance with SAS analyses. Mention of specific products or supplies is for identification and does not imply endorsement by U.S. Department of Agriculture to the exclusion of other suitable products or suppliers. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1893 EP 1906 DI 10.1002/etc.243 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 642HX UT WOS:000281200700003 PM 20821646 ER PT J AU Blamey, FPC Kopittke, PM Wehr, JB Kinraide, TB Menzies, NW AF Blamey, F. Pax C. Kopittke, Peter M. Wehr, J. Bernhard Kinraide, Thomas B. Menzies, Neal W. TI RHIZOTOXIC EFFECTS OF SILVER IN COWPEA SEEDLINGS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cowpea; Rhizotoxicity; Morphology; Silver; Toxicity ID RAINBOW-TROUT; TOXICITY; ALUMINUM; INHIBITION; MECHANISM; TRANSPORT; CHLORIDE; CATIONS; ROOTS AB Silver (Ag) is highly toxic to aquatic organisms, including algae, invertebrate animals, and fish, but little information exists on Ag rhizotoxicity in higher plants. In two solution culture experiments with approximately 1,000 mu M Ca(NO(3))(2) and 5 mu M H(3)BO(3) (pH 5.4), 20 to 80% of added Ag (<= 2 mu M) was lost from solution within approximately 30 min, with a further decrease after 48 h root growth. Using measured Ag concentrations at the start of the experiments, the median effective concentration (EC50) for root elongation rate of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp. cv. Caloona) was 0.010 mu M Ag in the first 4h of exposure (0.021 mu M in the first 8 h). This demonstrates that Ag (as Ag(+)) is rapidly rhizotoxic to cowpea seedlings at concentrations similar to those that are toxic to freshwater biota. Rupturing of rhizodermal and outer cortical layers was evident after 48 h with 0.13 to 0.57 mu M Ag initially in solution, being most severe at 0.13 or 0.25 mu M Ag. An additional experiment showed that ruptures were first evident after 20 h exposure to 0.17 mu M Ag, with increased severity of rupturing over time. The rhizotoxic effects of Ag are similar to those of some other trace metals (e.g., Cu, Al, La) that bind strongly to hard ligands and weakly to soft ligands. The similarity of rupturing effects, despite the difference in strong binding to soft ligands by Ag and to hard ligands by the other metals, suggests a distinctive metabolic effect of Ag that binds only weakly to hard ligands. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2072-2078. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Blamey, F. Pax C.; Kopittke, Peter M.; Wehr, J. Bernhard; Menzies, Neal W.] Univ Queensland, Sch Land Crop & Food Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Blamey, F. Pax C.; Kopittke, Peter M.; Menzies, Neal W.] Univ Queensland, Cooperat Res Ctr Contaminat Assessment & Remediat, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Kinraide, Thomas B.] ARS, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Blamey, FPC (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Land Crop & Food Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM p.blamey@uq.edu.au RI Kopittke, Peter/A-6026-2011; Menzies, Neal/L-1338-2013 OI Kopittke, Peter/0000-0003-4948-1880; Menzies, Neal/0000-0003-0207-070X FU Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation [3-3-01-05/6]; Australian Research Council [DP0665467]; The University of Queensland [2008003396] FX This research was funded through the Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment Project 3-3-01-05/6, the Australian Research Council under the Discovery Program DP0665467, and The University of Queensland New Staff Research Start-up Fund (2008003396). NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2072 EP 2078 DI 10.1002/etc.236 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 642HX UT WOS:000281200700022 PM 20821665 ER PT J AU Delannay, IY Staub, JE AF Delannay, Isabelle Y. Staub, Jack E. TI Use of molecular markers aids in the development of diverse inbred backcross lines in Beit Alpha cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Genetic diversity; Genetic distance; Morphological traits; Multivariate analysis; Inbred backcross lines; Cucumber ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; QTL ANALYSIS; GERMPLASM; PARTHENOCARPY; INHERITANCE; TRAITS AB Beit Alpha cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a Mediterranean fresh-market type with a relatively narrow genetic base. To broaden its base for plant improvement, 42 diverse accessions were compared employing a previously defined standard marker array to choose wide-based parental lines for use in backcross introgression. Inbred backcross lines (IBL) were developed by crossing Beit Alpha line '04HD5' (De Ruiter Seeds, The Netherlands; recurrent parent) and PI 285606 (Poland; donor parent), and then selecting the most genetically diverse BC(1) and BC(2) progeny based on molecular marker profiles, followed by three generations of single-seed descent to produce 117 IBL. Molecular genotyping of IBL was then performed, and IBL were evaluated for days to anthesis, sex expression, pistillate flowers per node, lateral branch number, fruits per plant, fruit length, and fruit weight in the US, The Netherlands, Israel, and Turkey. Multivariate analyses and genetic distance comparisons indicate that IBL possessed considerable inter-line morphological and genotypic diversity. These diverse IBL will be useful in genetic studies and to evaluate Beit Alpha cross-progeny derived from IBL x elite germplasm created to broadened genetic base of this market type. C1 [Delannay, Isabelle Y.; Staub, Jack E.] Univ Wisconsin, ARS, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Unit,USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Delannay, IY (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, ARS, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Unit,USDA, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM idelannay@yahoo.com FU Nunhems (Haelen, The Netherlands); DeRuiter (Bergschenhoek, The Netherlands); Enza Zaden (Enkhuizen, the Netherlands); Nickerson-Zwaan (Made, the Netherlands) FX This research project was supported by funding from Nunhems (Haelen, The Netherlands), DeRuiter (Bergschenhoek, The Netherlands), Enza Zaden (Enkhuizen, the Netherlands), and Nickerson-Zwaan (Made, the Netherlands) seed companies. Special thanks to Enza Zaden, Nickerson-Zwaan, and Nunhems for their help with field data collection in The Netherlands, Israel, and Turkey. Mention of trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA, and does not imply its approval to theexclusion of other products that may be suitable. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD SEP PY 2010 VL 175 IS 1 BP 65 EP 78 DI 10.1007/s10681-010-0183-2 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 634PR UT WOS:000280595900007 ER PT J AU Millan, T Winter, P Jungling, R Gil, J Rubio, J Cho, S Cobos, MJ Iruela, M Rajesh, PN Tekeoglu, M Kahl, G Muehlbauer, FJ AF Millan, T. Winter, P. Juengling, R. Gil, J. Rubio, J. Cho, S. Cobos, M. J. Iruela, M. Rajesh, P. N. Tekeoglu, M. Kahl, G. Muehlbauer, F. J. TI A consensus genetic map of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) based on 10 mapping populations SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Linkage analysis; STMS; Cross genome markers; Synteny ID ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT RESISTANCE; TAGGED MICROSATELLITE SITES; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; INBRED LINE POPULATIONS; FUSARIUM-WILT; LINKAGE MAP; SEGREGATION DISTORTION; MOLECULAR MARKERS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; INTERSPECIFIC CROSS AB A consensus genetic map of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was constructed by merging linkage maps from 10 different populations, using STMS (Sequence-tagged Microsatellite Sites) as bridging markers. These populations derived from five wide crosses (C. arietinum x Cicer reticulatum) and five narrow crosses (Desi x Kabuli types) were previously used for mapping genes for several agronomic traits such as ascochyta blight, fusarium wilt, rust resistance, seed weight, flowering time and days to flower. The integrated map obtained from wide crosses consists of 555 loci including, among other markers, 135 STMSs and 33 cross-genome markers distributed on eight linkage groups and covers 652.67 cM. The map obtained from narrow crosses comprises 99 STMSs, 3 SCARs, 1 ASAP, fusarium resistance gene, 5 morphological traits as well as RAPD and ISSR markers distributed on eight linkage groups covering 426.99 cM. Comparison between maps from wide and narrow crosses reflects a general coincidence, although some discrepancies are discussed. Medicago truncatula cross-genome markers were BLASTed against the M. truncatula pseudogenome permitting assignments of chickpea linkage groups LGI, II, III, IV, V and VI on Medicago chromosomes 2, 5, 7, 1, 3 and 4, respectively. A marker detectable on Medicago chromosome 4 were also located on LGVIII, This consensus map is an important progress to assist breeders for selecting suitable markers to be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS). C1 [Millan, T.; Gil, J.; Iruela, M.] Univ Cordoba, Dept Genet, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. [Winter, P.; Juengling, R.; Kahl, G.] GenXPro, Frankfurt Innovat Ctr Biotechnol, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Rubio, J.; Cobos, M. J.] IFAPA, Area Mejora & Biotecnol, Cordoba 14080, Spain. [Cho, S.; Rajesh, P. N.; Muehlbauer, F. J.] Washington State Univ, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Tekeoglu, M.] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Agr, Biometry & Genet Unit, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. [Kahl, G.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt Innovat Ctr Biotechnol, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Millan, T (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, Dept Genet, Campus Rabanales Edificio C5 2A Planta, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. EM ge1mivat@uco.es RI Millan, Teresa/L-1362-2014; Rubio, Josefa/L-1868-2014; Gil, Juan/L-7167-2014; Cobos, Maria Jose/I-1560-2015 OI Millan, Teresa/0000-0003-1302-1794; Rubio, Josefa/0000-0002-5185-2719; Gil, Juan/0000-0001-7938-442X; Cobos, Maria Jose/0000-0002-8636-1266 FU European Union (GLIP) [FOOD-CT-2004-506223] FX The authors appreciate financial support from the European Union (GLIP FOOD-CT-2004-506223), and T.M. thanks for a GLIP fellowship. NR 69 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD SEP PY 2010 VL 175 IS 2 BP 175 EP 189 DI 10.1007/s10681-010-0157-4 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 636YI UT WOS:000280780700004 ER PT J AU Tefera, H Kamara, AY Asafo-Adjei, B Dashiell, KE AF Tefera, Hailu Kamara, Alpha Y. Asafo-Adjei, Baffour Dashiell, Kenton E. TI Breeding progress for grain yield and associated traits in medium and late maturing promiscuous soybeans in Nigeria SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Fodder yield; Genetic gain; Grain yield; Nigeria; Promiscuous soybeans; Savanna zones ID GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; CULTIVARS; VARIETIES AB The rate of breeding progress of 10 medium and 11 late maturing promiscuous soybean varieties developed by IITA for the savanna zones of Nigeria from 1980 to 1996 was assessed at two locations in 2001 and 2002. The two maturity groups were evaluated in separate experiments using randomized complete block design with four replications. There were highly significant effects of variety on grain yield, fodder yield, and another set of eight traits both in the medium and late maturity groups. In the medium varieties, grain yield increased linearly from 1184 kg ha(-1) for an old variety TGx 1019-2EN to 1764 kg ha(-1) for TGx 1910-7F released in 1996. The annual rate of progress against year of release was 23.61 kg ha(-1) (1.99%). Modern varieties of the medium maturity group had high number of pods per plant, high harvest index, and reduced pod shattering. For late varieties, grain yield ranged from 1569 kg ha(-1) for an old variety Samsoy-2 to 2303 kg ha(-1) for a recently developed variety TGx 1910-14F. The annual rate of breeding progress during the improvement period of 16 years for late varieties was 22.23 kg ha(-1) or 1.42%. The overall yield of the late maturing varieties was 19% higher than the medium maturing varieties. C1 [Tefera, Hailu] Int Inst Trop Agr, Chitedze Res Stn, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Kamara, Alpha Y.] IITA Kano, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Asafo-Adjei, Baffour] Crop Res Inst, Kumasi, Ghana. [Dashiell, Kenton E.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Tefera, H (reprint author), Int Inst Trop Agr, Chitedze Res Stn, POB 30258, Lilongwe, Malawi. EM h.tefera@cgiar.org FU International Institute of Tropical Agriculture FX This study was financed by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. We thank the technical staff of IITA for managing the field work. Our thanks are extended to R. Adeleke and P. Oyelakin for data collection and summarization. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD SEP PY 2010 VL 175 IS 2 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1007/s10681-010-0181-4 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 636YI UT WOS:000280780700010 ER PT J AU Saha, GC Sarker, A Chen, WD Vandemark, GJ Muehlbauer, FJ AF Saha, Gopesh C. Sarker, Ashutosh Chen, Weidong Vandemark, George J. Muehlbauer, Fred J. TI Identification of markers associated with genes for rust resistance in Lens culinaris Medik. SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Rust; Selective genotyping; Linkage; Marker assisted selection ID LENTIL AB Lentil rust caused by Uromyces vicia-fabae (Pers.) Schroet is one of the most important diseases of lentil in South Asia, North Africa and East Africa. This disease is usually observed during late flowering and early podding stages. Early infection accompanied by favorable environmental conditions can result in complete crop failure and huge economic losses. Therefore, breeding for resistance against this pathogen is one of the major challenges for the breeders in those regions. It is important to identify resistance sources and to determine the location of the genes for resistance in the lentil genome. Since field screening is often difficult due to the unpredictable nature of the disease, selectable molecular markers can be useful tools to assist lentil breeding and complement field screening and selection for resistance. To map the genes for resistance, a recombinant inbred line (RILs) population composed of 220 RILs was developed from a cross between a rust resistant line, ILL-4605, and a susceptible line from Bangladesh, ILL-5888. Phenotyping of the RIL population was carried out during 2006-2007 and 2008-2009 cropping seasons at the Pulse Research Center, Ishurdi, Bangladesh. There was a lack of uniformity of disease pressure in the 2006-2007 cropping year causing inconsistencies between replicates. Nevertheless, we were able to choose clearly resistant and clearly susceptible RILs for selective genotyping using markers previously placed on our lentil genetic map. One of the 62 markers used for selective genotyping proved to be linked to the gene for resistance. The identified sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) marker, F7XEM4a, was estimated to be 7.9 cM from the gene for resistance. The F7XEM4a marker could be used for marker assisted selection for resistance; however, additional markers closer to the resistance gene are needed. C1 [Saha, Gopesh C.; Chen, Weidong; Vandemark, George J.; Muehlbauer, Fred J.] Washington State Univ, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Sarker, Ashutosh] Int Ctr Agr Res Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria. RP Saha, GC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM gopesh_saha@wsu.edu FU USAID-ICARDA FX This work was supported by USAID-ICARDA linkage project. We are indebted to Sheri Rynearson, Tony Chen and Tracie Anderson for laboratory support and the Director of Pulse Research Center, Ishurdi, Bangladesh for setting up field experiment in their station. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD SEP PY 2010 VL 175 IS 2 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1007/s10681-010-0187-y PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 636YI UT WOS:000280780700011 ER PT J AU Hyytiainen, K Haight, RG AF Hyytiainen, Kari Haight, Robert G. TI Evaluation of forest management systems under risk of wildfire SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Even-aged management; Fire risk; Individual tree model; Monte Carlo simulation; Simulation optimization; Uneven-aged management ID UNEVEN-AGED STAND; MIXED-SPECIES STANDS; OPTIMAL ROTATION; FIRE; OPTIMIZATION; SILVICULTURE; EFFICIENCY; ECONOMICS; SPRUCE AB We evaluate the economic efficiency of even- and uneven-aged management systems under risk of wildfire. The management problems are formulated for a mixed-conifer stand and approximations of the optimal solutions are obtained using simulation optimization. The Northern Idaho variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator and its Fire and Fuels Extension is used to predict stand growth and fire effects. Interest rate and fire risk are found to be critical determinants of the superior stand management system and timber supply. Uneven-aged management is superior with higher interest rates with or without fire risk. Alterations in the interest rate affect optimal stocking levels of uneven-aged stands, but have only minor effects on the long-run timber supply. Higher interest rates reduce rotation length and regeneration investments of even-aged stands, which lead to markedly reduced timber supply. Increasing fire risk increases the relative efficiency of even-aged management because a single age cohort is less susceptible to fire damage over the course of the rotation than multiple cohorts in uneven-aged stands. Higher fire risk reduces optimal diameter limit under uneven-aged management and decreases optimal rotation length and planting density under even-aged management. C1 [Hyytiainen, Kari] MTT Agrifood Res Finland, Helsinki 00410, Finland. [Haight, Robert G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hyytiainen, K (reprint author), MTT Agrifood Res Finland, Luutnantintie 13, Helsinki 00410, Finland. EM kari.hyytiainen@mtt.fi NR 34 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-4669 J9 EUR J FOREST RES JI Eur. J. For. Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 129 IS 5 BP 909 EP 919 DI 10.1007/s10342-009-0278-2 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 644MF UT WOS:000281381000013 ER PT J AU Paul, S Mizuno, CS Lee, HJ Zheng, X Chajkowisk, S Rimoldi, JM Conney, A Suh, N Rimando, AM AF Paul, Shiby Mizuno, Cassia S. Lee, Hong Jin Zheng, Xi Chajkowisk, Sarah Rimoldi, John M. Conney, Allan Suh, Nanjoo Rimando, Agnes M. TI In vitro and in vivo studies on stilbene analogs as potential treatment agents for colon cancer SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Stilbenes; 4-(3,5-Dimethoxystyryl)aniline; HT-29 xenograft; Colon cancer ID NF-KAPPA-B; ABERRANT CRYPT FOCI; CELL-LINES; CHEMOPREVENTIVE ACTIVITY; BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION; RESVERATROL ANALOGS; INDUCED ACTIVATION; RADICAL CATIONS; INHIBITOR P27; S-PHASE AB Based on the potential of resveratrol as a colon cancer chemopreventive agent, a set of 26 stilbenes were synthesized and tested against the colon cancer cell lines HT-29 and Caco-2. (Z)-4-(3,5-Dimethoxystyryl) aniline (4), (Z)-methyl-4-(3,5-dimethoxystyryl)benzoate (6), and (Z)-1,3-dimethoxy-5-(4-methoxystyryl) benzene (10) showed strong inhibitory activity in vitro. In vivo studies using HT-29 xenografts in immunodeficient mice were conducted with 4, 6 and 10, together with their corresponding trans isomers (3, 5, and 9, respectively), at the dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. Tumor volume was significantly lowered in 3-, 4-, and 9-treated groups. The cis- and trans-amino analogs (4 and 3, respectively) had similar effect on tumor growth, a 40% decrease compared to the control. Analysis of the serum revealed that 4 isomerized to 3, which may explain their similar effects in SCID mice. Stilbenes 5, 6, 9, and 10 retained their configurations in the serum. Stilbenes 6 and 10 lacked tumor-suppressive effect in SCID mice; the serum levels of these analogs were low (18.8 and 15.5 ng/mL, respectively). Stilbene 9, while weakly active in vitro demonstrated good activity in vivo, was found at higher levels in the serum (69.9 ng/mL) compared to 10. The anti-tumorigenic activity of these stilbene analogs may be partly linked to their effects on proteins involved in cell proliferation, as observed by lowered expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p27, in the tumor tissues. Overall, identification of the anti-tumorigenic potential of these compounds provides opportunities for their use against colorectal cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Mizuno, Cassia S.; Rimando, Agnes M.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Paul, Shiby; Lee, Hong Jin; Zheng, Xi; Conney, Allan; Suh, Nanjoo] Rutgers State Univ, Ernest Mario Sch Pharm, Dept Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Chajkowisk, Sarah; Rimoldi, John M.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Med Chem, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Rimando, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM agnes.rimando@ars.usda.gov FU NIEHS center [ES005022]; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey FX We would like to thank Gloria Hervey for her excellent technical help. This work was supported in part by grant from NIEHS center grant (ES005022) and the Trustees Research Fellowship Program at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. NR 46 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0223-5234 J9 EUR J MED CHEM JI Eur. J. Med. Chem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 45 IS 9 BP 3702 EP 3708 DI 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.05.019 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 646UN UT WOS:000281568600023 PM 20627379 ER PT J AU Chen, CYO Crott, J Liu, ZH Smith, DE AF Chen, C. -Y. Oliver Crott, Jimmy Liu, Zhenhua Smith, Donald E. TI Fructose and saturated fats predispose hyperinsulinemia in lean male rat offspring SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Adiposity; Metabolic programming; Fructose; Insulin; Saturated fat ID METABOLIC SYNDROME; PREGNANCY; OBESITY; LACTATION; GLUCOSE; MODEL; DIET; HOMEOSTASIS; MECHANISMS; SUCROSE AB Early exposure to suboptimal nutrition during perinatal period imposes risk to metabolic disorders later in life. Fructose intake has been associated with increases in de novo lipogenesis, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and obesity. Excess consumption of saturated fat is associated with metabolic disorders. Objective of this animal study was to investigate morphological, metabolic, and endocrine phenotypes of male offspring born to dams consuming diets containing either 30% fructose, 9.9% coconut fat and 0.5% cholesterol (F + SFA) or 30% glucose, and 11% corn oil (C), 1 month before conception and during gestation and nursing. Proven male and female Sprague Dawley breeders were fed ad libitum with either F + SFA or C diet throughout the study. At weaning, five male pups from each group were sacrificed for determining morphological phenotypes. The other five male offspring from each group were rehabilitated to the C diet for an additional 12 weeks. At the age of 15 weeks, morphological phenotypes and blood biochemistries [glucose, insulin, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), corticosterone, and testosterone] of male adult offspring were then assessed. Body weight (BW) and body length of the F + SFA male adult offspring was slightly smaller than the C. The BW-adjusted epididymal and retroperitoneal fat depots of the F + SFA adult offspring were significantly 18 and 44% smaller than the C, respectively. GH and IGF-1 were not different in adult offspring between groups. Fasted plasma insulin of the F + SFA adult offspring was 64% larger than the C (P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.0001) and homeostasis model assessment value was 55% larger (P = 0.004). There were negative correlations between fat depot sizes and plasma insulin in adult offspring. Our results suggest that, through fetal programming, an early exposure to both fructose and saturated fats may cause hyperinsulinemia and insulin insensitivity in the nonobese male rats later in life. C1 [Chen, C. -Y. Oliver] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Crott, Jimmy; Liu, Zhenhua] Tufts Univ, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Smith, Donald E.] Tufts Univ, Comparat Biol Unit, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Chen, CYO (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM oliver.chen@tufts.edu FU USDA ARS [58-1950-7-707]; Almond Board of California FX The study was supported by USDA ARS under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-1950-7-707 and the Almond Board of California. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1436-6207 EI 1436-6215 J9 EUR J NUTR JI Eur. J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 49 IS 6 BP 337 EP 343 DI 10.1007/s00394-009-0091-1 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 637UQ UT WOS:000280844600003 PM 20044786 ER PT J AU Bock, CH Graham, JH Gottwald, TR Cook, AZ Parker, PE AF Bock, C. H. Graham, James H. Gottwald, Tim R. Cook, Amanda Z. Parker, Paul E. TI Wind speed and wind-associated leaf injury affect severity of citrus canker on Swingle citrumelo SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Epidemiology; Dispersal; Bacteria; Crop loss; Integrated disease management ID AXONOPODIS-PV.-CITRI; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; FLORIDA; SPREAD; SUSCEPTIBILITY; WINDBREAKS; INFECTION; DISPERSAL; ARGENTINA; MESOPHYLL AB Citrus canker (caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, Xcc) can cause severe damage to citrus. It is endemic in Florida, and occurs in other citrus growing regions. The bacterium is dispersed predominantly in rain splash. To simulate dispersal in splash, and to investigate the effect of wind speed on infection, young plants of Swingle citrumelo were exposed to sprayed inoculum at different wind speeds. Wind was generated using an axial fan, and a pressurized sprayer delivered the inoculum spray. In the five experiments, higher wind speeds (> 10 m s(-1)) consistently resulted in higher incidence and severity of citrus canker developing. By 15 ms(-1), there was a dramatic increase in disease. Visible injury to leaves of Swingle citrumelo due to wind was evident at wind speeds a parts per thousand yen 13 m s(-1). The relationship between wind speed and disease, and wind speed and injury was described by a logistic model. More disease was associated with visible injury as the wind speed increased, and disease not associated with visible injury also increased with wind speed. The petiole-leaflet junction was more often infected at higher wind speeds (a parts per thousand yen17 m s(-1)). The concentration of the Xcc inoculum increased the incidence and severity of citrus canker in all experiments. Reducing wind speed in citrus groves with the aid of wind breaks may contribute to a reduction in the severity of an epidemic by reducing dispersal and infection events. C1 [Bock, C. H.] SEFTNRL USDA ARS, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Graham, James H.] Univ Florida, CREC, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Gottwald, Tim R.] USDA ARS USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Cook, Amanda Z.; Parker, Paul E.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Moore Air Base, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. RP Bock, CH (reprint author), SEFTNRL USDA ARS, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM clive.bock@ars.usda.gov; jhg@crec.ifas.ufl.edu; tim.gottwald@ars.usda.gov; amanda.cook@tx.usda.gov; paul.e.parker@aphis.usda.gov NR 30 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 128 IS 1 BP 21 EP 38 DI 10.1007/s10658-010-9624-y PG 18 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 634FJ UT WOS:000280565000003 ER PT J AU Amdam, GV Page, RE Fondrk, MK Brent, CS AF Amdam, Gro V. Page, Robert E., Jr. Fondrk, M. Kim Brent, Colin S. TI Hormone response to bidirectional selection on social behavior SO EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; COLONY-LEVEL SELECTION; DIVISION-OF-LABOR; HONEY-BEE WORKERS; DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES; LIFE-HISTORY; REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS; VITELLOGENIN; HYMENOPTERA; DROSOPHILA AB P>Behavior is a quantitative trait determined by multiple genes. Some of these genes may have effects from early development and onward by influencing hormonal systems that are active during different life-stages leading to complex associations, or suites, of traits. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) have been used extensively in experiments on the genetic and hormonal control of complex social behavior, but the relationships between their early developmental processes and adult behavioral variation are not well understood. Bidirectional selective breeding on social food-storage behavior produced two honey bee strains, each with several sublines, that differ in an associated suite of anatomical, physiological, and behavioral traits found in unselected wild type bees. Using these genotypes, we document strain-specific changes during larval, pupal, and early adult life-stages for the central insect hormones juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysteroids. Strain differences correlate with variation in female reproductive anatomy (ovary size), which can be influenced by JH during development, and with secretion rates of ecdysteroid from the ovaries of adults. Ovary size was previously assigned to the suite of traits of honey bee food-storage behavior. Our findings support that bidirectional selection on honey bee social behavior acted on pleiotropic gene networks. These networks may bias a bee's adult phenotype by endocrine effects on early developmental processes that regulate variation in reproductive traits. C1 [Amdam, Gro V.; Page, Robert E., Jr.; Fondrk, M. Kim] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Amdam, Gro V.] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Chem Biotechnol & Food Sci, N-1432 As, Norway. [Brent, Colin S.] USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Amdam, GV (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, POB 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM gro.amdam@asu.edu OI Brent, Colin/0000-0003-2078-1417 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [NRI-CSREES 2003-01620]; National Institute on Aging [NIA P01 AG22500]; Norwegian Research Council [180504, 185306, 191699]; U.S. National Science Foundation [0615502]; The Pew Scholars Program in the Biomedical Sciences FX We thank K Hartfelder and T Flatt for comments, A Dolezal, O Kaftanoglu, K Norberg and C Ozturk for assistance, and LI Gilbert for H-22 antibody. Research was funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture (NRI-CSREES 2003-01620), National Institute on Aging (NIA P01 AG22500), Norwegian Research Council (180504, 185306, 191699), U.S. National Science Foundation (0615502), and The Pew Scholars Program in the Biomedical Sciences. NR 62 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1520-541X J9 EVOL DEV JI Evol. Dev. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 12 IS 5 BP 428 EP 436 DI 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2010.00429.x PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 654OP UT WOS:000282178100002 PM 20883212 ER PT J AU Denison, RF Fedders, JM Harter, BL AF Denison, R. Ford Fedders, James M. Harter, Barry L. TI Individual fitness versus whole-crop photosynthesis:solar tracking tradeoffs in alfalfa SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE competition; heliotropism; photosynthesis; solar tracking; tradeoff ID SOLAR TRACKING; NATURAL-SELECTION; WATER; VARIETIES; IDEOTYPES; DROUGHT; LEAVES; YIELDS; FIELD; MODEL AB Despite the optimism of some molecular biologists, natural selection among the wild ancestors of crops is unlikely to have missed simple genetic improvements that would consistently have enhanced individual fitness. Tradeoff-free opportunities for further improvement of crop traits like photosynthetic efficiency or drought tolerance may therefore be elusive. Opportunities linked to acceptable tradeoffs may be abundant, however. Tradeoffs between individual competitiveness and the collective productivity of plant communities (e.g. those linked to height) have been key to past increases in yield potential. Solar tracking by leaves could involve such tradeoffs, if photosynthetic benefits to tracking leaves are outweighed by increased shading of leaves lower in the canopy. This hypothesis was tested using rotation in the horizontal plane to disrupt solar tracking in alfalfa. In sparse canopies, solar tracking increased net canopy photosynthesis, but rarely by more than 3%. As leaf area increased, solar tracking tended to decrease net canopy photosynthesis, despite edge effects in our 1-m2 artificial communities, which probably exaggerated net photosynthetic benefits of tracking. Computer modeling suggested that the season-long effects of solar tracking on community productivity can be negative. Solar tracking may have persisted, nonetheless, because individuals whose leaves track the sun increase shading of competitors. C1 [Denison, R. Ford] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Fedders, James M.; Harter, Barry L.] USDA, ARS, Beckley, WV USA. RP Denison, RF (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM denis036@umn.edu NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 5-6 BP 466 EP 472 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00148.x PG 7 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 643PV UT WOS:000281311700006 PM 25567939 ER PT J AU Saunders, M Glenn, AE Kohn, LM AF Saunders, Megan Glenn, Anthony E. Kohn, Linda M. TI Exploring the evolutionary ecology of fungal endophytes in agricultural systems: using functional traits to reveal mechanisms in community processes SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE assembly rules; community phylogenetics; functional traits; fungal endophytes; Fusarium; maize ID CORN-BORER LEPIDOPTERA; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SYMPTOMLESS INFECTION; NONPATHOGENIC STRAIN; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; UNITED-STATES; TOMATO ROOT AB All plants, including crop species, harbor a community of fungal endophyte species, yet we know little about the biotic factors that are important in endophyte community assembly. We suggest that the most direct route to understanding the mechanisms underlying community assembly is through the study of functional trait variation in the host and its fungal consortium. We review studies on crop endophytes that investigate plant and fungal traits likely to be important in endophyte community processes. We focus on approaches that could speed detection of general trends in endophyte community assembly: (i) use of the 'assembly rules' concept to identify specific mechanisms that influence endophyte community dynamics, (ii) measurement of functional trait variation in plants and fungi to better understand endophyte community processes and plant-fungal interactions, and (iii) investigation of microbe-microbe interactions, and fungal traits that mediate them. This approach is well suited for research in agricultural systems, where pair-wise host-fungus interactions and mechanisms of fungal-fungal competition have frequently been described. Areas for consideration include the possibility that human manipulation of crop phenotype and deployment of fungal biocontrol species can significantly influence endophyte community assembly. Evaluation of endophyte assembly rules may help to fine-tune crop management strategies. C1 [Saunders, Megan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Glenn, Anthony E.] USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Saunders, Megan; Kohn, Linda M.] Univ Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. RP Saunders, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM msaunde1@ucsc.edu FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto Graduate Fellowship (Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology) FX M.S. would like to thank Profs. J.B. Anderson and P.M. Kotanen, as well as M. Andrew, S.B. Hill and A.A.M. MacDonald for engaging in valuable scientific discussion over the past several years. We also thank G.S. Gilbert, I.M. Parker, J. Cummings, C. Fresquez, S. Grove, S. Gulamhussein, J.L. Ohayon, D. Schweizer, J.A. Torres and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on drafts of this manuscript. Manuscript preparation was supported by a Discovery Grant (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada) to L.M.K., and a University of Toronto Graduate Fellowship (Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology) to M.S. NR 95 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 73 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 5-6 BP 525 EP 537 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00141.x PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 643PV UT WOS:000281311700011 PM 25567944 ER PT J AU Scott, JW Meyer, SE Merrill, KR Anderson, VJ AF Scott, Jason W. Meyer, Susan E. Merrill, Keith R. Anderson, Val J. TI Local population differentiation in Bromus tectorum L. in relation to habitat-specific selection regimes SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cheatgrass; Downy brome; Invasion; Microsatellite marker; Population genetics; Salt tolerance; SSR marker ID SEED-GERMINATION REGULATION; ECOLOGICAL GENETICS; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; POACEAE; CHEATGRASS; INVASIONS; EVOLUTION; GROWTH AB A central question of invasion biology is how an exotic species invades new habitats following its initial establishment. Three hypotheses to explain this expansion are: (1) the existence of 'general purpose' genotypes, (2) the in situ evolution of novel genotypes, and (3) the dispersal of existing specialized genotypes into habitats for which they are pre-adapted. Bromus tectorum is a selfing exotic winter annual grass that has achieved widespread dominance in semiarid western North America and that is actively invading salt desert habitats. We examined mechanisms driving this invasion in three complementary studies. In reciprocal seeding experiments with ten populations from saline playa, salt desert shrubland, and upland sagebrush communities along a salinity gradient in western Utah, we found that seeds from the playa population were able to establish better than those of most other populations across all habitats, including two highly saline sites. Seeds of one of the two seed sources from upland big sagebrush communities established best on the site of origin, while the seeds of the other source established well across a range of non-saline sites. In a greenhouse experiment with playa and upland seed sources, we found evidence of adaptation to high salinity in the playa source. Playa plants were larger than upland plants in control treatments and invested less in root. They maintained vigor and seed production at high salinity better than upland plants. Molecular genetic analysis showed that the playa population was dominated by a single SSR genotype absent from upland big sagebrush populations, which were comprised of SSR genotypes generally rare or absent in populations from salt desert shrubland sites. Our results demonstrate local population differentiation in B. tectorum, resulting at least in part from differential selection on pre-adapted genotypes with characteristic marker fingerprints. We found little evidence for selection favoring novel genotypes. C1 [Meyer, Susan E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. [Scott, Jason W.; Merrill, Keith R.; Anderson, Val J.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84601 USA. RP Meyer, SE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, 735 North 500 East, Provo, UT 84606 USA. EM semeyer@xmission.com FU Brigham Young University FX We thank the Dugway Proving Ground Integrated Training Area Management summer technicians and staff, employed by Brigham Young University, who assisted with study installation and data collection. We thank Duane Smith for help with seed collection, and undergraduate research assistants who helped with sample tissue collection and DNA extraction. Craig Coleman of Brigham Young University provided funding and counsel for SSR data collection and analysis. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-7653 J9 EVOL ECOL JI Evol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1061 EP 1080 DI 10.1007/s10682-010-9352-y PG 20 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 640SJ UT WOS:000281072300009 ER PT J AU Klesius, PH Pridgeon, JW Aksoy, M AF Klesius, Phillip H. Pridgeon, Julia W. Aksoy, Mediha TI Chemotactic factors of Flavobacterium columnare to skin mucus of healthy channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Flavobacterium columnare; chemotaxis; lectin-like capsular substances; gliding motility; quantitative PCR; fish skin mucus ID GLIDING-MOTILITY; CYTOPHAGA-JOHNSONAE; GENES; CLONING; CELLS; GLDA AB To gain an insight into the chemotactic factors involved in chemotaxis, we exposed a virulent strain of Flavobacterium columnare to various treatments, followed by analysis of its chemotactic activity. The chemotactic activity of F. columnare was significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited when cells were pretreated by sodium metaperiodate, and a major portion of the capsular layer surrounding the cells was removed. Pretreatment of F. columnare with d-mannose, d-glucose and N-acteyl-d-glucosamine significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited its chemotaxis activity, whereas pretreatment of cells with d-fructose, l-fucose, d-glucosamine, d-galactosamine, d-sucrose and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine failed to inhibit its chemotactic activity. These results indicate that at least three carbohydrate-binding receptors (d-mannose, d-glucose and N-acteyl-d-glucosamine) associated with the capsule of F. columnare might be involved in the chemotactic responses. The relative transcriptional levels of three gliding motility genes (gldB, gldC, gldH) of F. columnare compared with 16S rRNA gene following the exposure of F. columnare to catfish skin mucus were evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). qPCR results revealed that the transcriptional level of gldH was significantly (P < 0.001) upregulated in normal F. columnare at 5 min postexposure to the catfish mucus. However, when F. columnare were pretreated with d-mannose, there was no upregulation of gliding motility genes. Taken together, our results suggest that carbohydrate-binding receptors play important roles in the chemotactic response to catfish mucus. C1 [Klesius, Phillip H.; Pridgeon, Julia W.; Aksoy, Mediha] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Pridgeon, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM Julia.Pridgeon@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS [6420-32000-024-00D] FX We thank Drs Benjamin LaFrentz (USDA-ARS) and Victor Panangala (USDA collaborator) for critical reviews of the manuscript. We thank Beth Peterman and Stacey LaFrentz (USDA-ARS) for their excellent technical support. We also thank the management team of the Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit for daily care and management of the fish. This study was supported by the USDA/ARS CRIS project #6420-32000-024-00D. The use of trade, firm or corporate names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 310 IS 2 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02060.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 642JT UT WOS:000281209500007 PM 20695896 ER PT J AU Peterson, BC Booth, NJ AF Peterson, Brian C. Booth, Natha J. TI Validation of a whole-body cortisol extraction procedure for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fry SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Whole-body cortisol; Cortisol extraction; Catfish fry ID RAINBOW-TROUT; STRESS-RESPONSE; ONTOGENY; GROWTH AB We validated a whole-body cortisol extraction technique for channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, fry. Three volume enhancement methods were tested: CAL method (zero calibrator A diluent added to lipid extract), PBS method (phosphate buffered saline added to lipid extract), and VO method (food grade vegetable oil added to lipid extract). The volume enhancement extracts were evaluated using a commercial radioimmunoassay kit. Sensitivity, accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and parallelism could not be determined for the PBS method as cortisol levels were not detected in any of the extracted samples. Intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) for the CAL and VO methods were 7.3 and 8.3%, respectively, while inter-assay CV were 9.6 and 10.6%, respectively. Based on the sensitivity, accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and parallelism results, we conclude that the CAL method is the most appropriate method for volume enhancement of catfish fry lipid extract. Using the CAL method to detect cortisol in catfish fry, fish were stressed daily for 2 weeks. Fry weights were similar throughout the study while whole-body cortisol levels were higher (P < 0.01) in stressed fish after 1 day of stress. These data show the CAL method can effectively measure whole-body cortisol in catfish fry. C1 [Peterson, Brian C.; Booth, Natha J.] ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Peterson, BC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM brian.peterson@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 36 IS 3 BP 661 EP 665 DI 10.1007/s10695-009-9340-8 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 640XK UT WOS:000281087300036 PM 19680767 ER PT J AU Yee, WL AF Yee, Wee L. TI YEAST EXTRACT: SUCROSE RATIO EFFECTS ON EGG LOAD, SURVIVAL, AND MORTALITY CAUSED BY GF-120 IN WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE feeding; egg production; spinosad bait; survival; diet intake ID RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA DIPTERA; FEEDING RESPONSES; FLIES DIPTERA; BAIT SPRAY; PROTEIN; INDIFFERENS; ATTRACTION; WILD; LONGEVITY; SPINOSAD AB It is unclear which ratios of yeast extract to sucrose result in maximum egg production and survival in many tephritid fruit flies. Objectives here were to determine yeast extract:sucrose ratios that maximize egg loads without compromising survival in western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, and their effects on mortality caused by spinosad bait (GF-120). Yeast extract:sucrose ratios of 20:80 and 30:70 maximized egg loads without reducing survival in most cases. In 1 experiment, mortality of flies with low to high egg loads exposed to fresh GF-120 for 1 or 2 h in the absence of food did not differ. In a separate experiment, egg loads were lowest in flies fed 0:100 and 1:99 diets and highest in flies fed 20:80, 30:70, and 50:50 diets. When these flies were exposed to dried GF-120 for 6 h in presence of yeast extract and sucrose, percent mortality was lower in flies fed 20:80 and 30:70 (40%) than 0:100 (69%) and 1:99(63%) diets. In another experiment, egg loads were lowest in flies fed 0:100 and 1:99 diet and highest in flies fed 20:80 diet. When these flies were exposed to dried GF-120 for 6 h in the presence of sucrose only, percent mortality was lower in flies fed 20:80 (39%) than 0:100 (72%) and 1:99 (62%) diets. High yeast extract:sucrose ratios result in high egg loads in R. indifferens and may reduce the fly's feeding responses to GF-120, although not to the extent that the bait is rendered completely ineffective. C1 ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. FU McQuate FX I thank Janine Jewett (USDA-ARS, Wapato, WA) for laboratory assistance and Roger Vargas, Grant McQuate (both at USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI), and Carol Lauzon (California State University, East Bay) for reviewing early drafts of the manuscript, as well as 2 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 93 IS 3 BP 422 EP 431 DI 10.1653/024.093.0316 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 647IS UT WOS:000281612500015 ER PT J AU Sumerford, DV Glasser, J Lewis, LC AF Sumerford, Douglas V. Glasser, John Lewis, L. C. TI MATING ARENA DYNAMICS FOR OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE European corn borer; mass mating; egg production; insect rearing; bioassays ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESISTANCE AB Many bioassays of insect species are dependent on the use of laboratory-reared insects. If the purpose of the research is to assess the genetic variance present for an insect trait, e.g., insecticide-resistance monitoring, it is imperative to understand the potential mating dynamics and genetic contributions of adults to the larvae evaluated in bioassays. We report the results of a study utilizing a laboratory-reared colony of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). The changes in the population dynamics (e.g., numbers of males, females, fertile egg masses, mated females) were evaluated. Although the numbers of emerging females, living females, mated females and fertile egg masses changed during the experiment, the percentage of total females that were mated did not change (similar to 54%). The first of the females to emerge were beginning to die as later-emerging females were mating. Results suggest that experimental designs that rely on laboratory-reared O. nubilalis will need to test larvae from several nights of oviposition to better ensure that the total genetic composition of the population is sampled. C1 [Sumerford, Douglas V.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Glasser, John] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Sumerford, Douglas V.; Lewis, L. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Sumerford, DV (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FU USEPA; USDA-ARS FX We thank Jim Robbins, Kate Reardon, and Derek Steines for technical assistance. This project was funded by an interagency agreement between the USEPA (J.G.) and USDA-ARS. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 93 IS 3 BP 432 EP 436 DI 10.1653/024.093.0317 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 647IS UT WOS:000281612500016 ER PT J AU Copeland, CS Hoy, MA Jeyaprakash, A Aluja, M Ramirez-Romero, R Sivinski, JM AF Copeland, Claudia S. Hoy, Marjorie A. Jeyaprakash, Ayyamperumal Aluja, Martin Ramirez-Romero, Ricardo Sivinski, John M. TI GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BISEXUAL AND FEMALE-ONLY POPULATIONS OF ODONTOSEMA ANASTREPHAE (HYMENOPTERA: FIGITIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE parthenogenesis; parasitoid; biological control; Anastrepha; albinerve ID LONGICAUDATA ASHMEAD HYMENOPTERA; CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY; PARASITOIDS HYMENOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FLIES DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; BRACONIDAE; PARTHENOGENESIS; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Odontosema anastrephae Borgmeier is a figitid parasitoid of Anastrepha fruit fly larvae infesting fallen fruit. It is of potential use in biological control as a complement to parasitoids that attack larvae infesting fruit still on the tree and to parasitoids that can only oviposit into larvae near the surface of the fruit, because Odontosema pursues larvae deep within the pulp. A newly discovered Mexican all-female (presumably thelytokous) population, provisionally referred to here as O. near anastrephae, appears to be morphologically indistinguishable from arrhenotokous individuals. Thelytokous reproduction can potentially lower costs in mass rearing facilities and increase parasitoid efficacy in the field. PCR amplification and sequencing of mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (ITS2) genetic sequences suggested that these populations are genetically distinct, but no more so than often occurs among distinct populations within recognized species. In addition to the description of an all-female population of Odontosema, this study presents the first genetic sequence data for members of the genus Odontosema, enabling phylogenetic comparison between Odontosema and other figitid genera and the development of methods for the identification of Odontosema species by PCR. The implications of thelytoky for a cladistic definition of speciation, especially for newly diverging populations such as these, as well as the potential practical implications of our findings for fruit fly biological control, are discussed. C1 [Copeland, Claudia S.; Sivinski, John M.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Hoy, Marjorie A.; Jeyaprakash, Ayyamperumal] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Aluja, Martin; Ramirez-Romero, Ricardo] Inst Ecol, Xalapa 91070, Veracruz, Mexico. [Copeland, Claudia S.] Univ Leipzig, Lehrstuhl Bioinformat, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany. RP Copeland, CS (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. FU Mexican Campana Nacional Contra Moscas de la Fruta (DGSV-SAGARPA-IICA); Mexican Comision para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad [H-296] FX We thank Dr. Sergio Ovruski (Instituto Superior de Entomologia, San Miguel de Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina) and Dr. Matt Buffington (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.) for morphological identification of the specimens as O. anastrephae and for valuable input concerning Odontosema taxonomy. We acknowledge Maurilio Lopez (Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz), who made the original collections of both Odontosema strains. We thank Cecilia Martinez and Sandy P. Mendez for maintenance of the O. anastrephae colony at the Instituto de Ecologia in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, and Charlie Stuhl for maintenance of the O. anastrephae colony at the Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology in Gainesville, FL. This work was supported in part by the Davies, Fischer and Eckes Endowment in Biological Control to M.A. Hoy. Original parasitoid collections and establishment and maintenance of colonies was funded by grants from the Mexican Campana Nacional Contra Moscas de la Fruta (DGSV-SAGARPA-IICA), Mexican Comision para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO, Project H-296), Sistema de Investigacion Regional del Golfo de Mexico (SIGOLFO-CONACyT, Project 96-01-003-V) to M. Aluja. This research was conducted under the USDA/ARS Nonfunded Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6615-5-006FN. A postdoctoral fellowship to R. Ramfrez-Romero and additional funds to study the thelytokous strain of 0. near anastrephae were provided by the Mexican Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT Project Number SEP-2004-001-46846) and by the Instituto de Ecologia, A.C. C. S. Copeland is the recipient of a headquarters postdoctoral fellowship from the USDA/ARS. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 93 IS 3 BP 437 EP 443 DI 10.1653/024.093.0318 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 647IS UT WOS:000281612500017 ER PT J AU Imai, K Miura, K Iida, H Reardon, R Fujisaki, K AF Imai, Kensuke Miura, Kazumi Iida, Hiroyuki Reardon, Richard Fujisaki, Kenji TI HERBIVOROUS INSECT FAUNA OF KUDZU, PUERARIA MONTANA (LEGUMINOSAE), IN JAPAN SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Imai, Kensuke; Miura, Kazumi; Iida, Hiroyuki; Fujisaki, Kenji] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Lab Insect Ecol, Kyoto, Japan. [Reardon, Richard] US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Imai, K (reprint author), Osaka Univ Human Sci, Fac Human Sci, Osaka 5668501, Japan. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 93 IS 3 BP 454 EP 456 DI 10.1653/024.093.0323 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 647IS UT WOS:000281612500022 ER PT J AU Richards, GP McLeod, C Le Guyader, FS AF Richards, Gary P. McLeod, Catherine Le Guyader, Francoise S. TI Processing Strategies to Inactivate Enteric Viruses in Shellfish SO FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Shellfish; Processing; Norovirus; Hepatitis A virus; Depuration; High pressure; Heat inactivation ID HEPATITIS-A-VIRUS; HIGH HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; WEST COAST OYSTERS; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; NORWALK VIRUS; HEAT INACTIVATION; MURINE NOROVIRUS; PASTEURIZED OYSTERS; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB Noroviruses, hepatitis A and E viruses, sapovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus, Aichi virus, enteric adenoviruses, poliovirus, and other enteroviruses enter shellfish through contaminated seawater or by contamination during handling and processing, resulting in outbreaks ranging from isolated to epidemic. Processing and disinfection methods include shellfish depuration and relaying, cooking and heat pasteurization, freezing, irradiation, and high pressure processing. All the methods can improve shellfish safety; however, from a commercial standpoint, none of the methods can guarantee total virus inactivation without impacting the organoleptic qualities of the shellfish. Noroviruses cause the majority of foodborne viral illnesses, yet there is conflicting information on their susceptibility to inactivation by processing. The inability to propagate and quantitatively enumerate some viral pathogens in vitro or in animal models has led to the use of norovirus surrogates, such as feline calicivirus and murine norovirus. During processing, these surrogates may not mimic the inactivation of the viruses they represent and are, therefore, of limited value. Likewise, reverse transcription-PCR has limited usefulness in monitoring processing effectiveness due to its inability to identify infectious from inactivated viruses. This article (a) describes mechanisms of virus uptake and persistence in shellfish, (b) reviews the state-of-the-art in food processing strategies for the inactivation of enteric viruses in shellfish, (c) suggests the use of combined processing procedures to enhance shellfish safety, (d) highlights limitations in research data derived from virus surrogate studies and molecular assay procedures, and (e) recommends enhanced funding for human volunteer studies and the development of assays to detect viable viruses. C1 [Richards, Gary P.] Delaware State Univ, ARS, USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [McLeod, Catherine] S Australian Res & Dev Inst, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Le Guyader, Francoise S.] IFREMER, Ctr Nantes, Microbiol Lab, F-44311 Nantes, France. RP Richards, GP (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, ARS, USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM gary.richards@ars.usda.gov NR 90 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1867-0334 J9 FOOD ENVIRON VIROL JI Food Environ. Virol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 2 IS 3 SI SI BP 183 EP 193 DI 10.1007/s12560-010-9045-2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Microbiology; Virology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology; Virology GA 637NS UT WOS:000280825600009 ER PT J AU Amalaradjou, MAR Baskaran, SA Ramanathan, R Johny, AK Charles, AS Valipe, SR Mattson, T Schreiber, D Juneja, VK Mancini, R Venkitanarayanan, K AF Amalaradjou, Mary Anne Roshni Baskaran, Sangeetha Ananda Ramanathan, Ranjith Johny, Anup Kollanoor Charles, Anu Susan Valipe, Satyender Rao Mattson, Tyler Schreiber, David Juneja, Vijay K. Mancini, Richard Venkitanarayanan, Kumar TI Enhancing the thermal destruction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef patties by trans-cinnamaldehyde SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157:H7; Ground beef; Hamburger patties; Cooking; Trans-cinnamaldehyde ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ESSENTIAL OILS; OXYMYOGLOBIN; OXIDATION; COOKING; O157-H7 AB The effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) on the inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in undercooked ground beef patties was investigated. A five-strain mixture of E. coli O157:H7 was inoculated into ground beef (7.0 log CFU/g), followed by addition of TC (0, 0.15, and 0.3%). The meat was formed into patties and stored at 4 degrees C for 5 days or at 18 degrees C for 7 days. The patties were cooked to an internal temperature of 60 or 65 degrees C. and E. coli 0157:H7 was enumerated. The numbers of E. coli O157:H7 did not decline during storage of patties. However, cooking of patties containing TC significantly reduced (P < 0.05) E. coli O157:H7 counts, by >5.0 log CFU/g, relative to the reduction in controls cooked to the same temperatures. The D-values at 60 and 65 degrees C of E. coli O157:H7 in TC-treated patties (1.85 and 0.08 min, respectively) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the corresponding D-values for the organism in control patties (2.70 and 0.29 min, respectively). TC-treated patties were more color stable and showed significantly lower lipid oxidation (P < 0.05) than control samples. TC enhanced the heat sensitivity of E. coli O157:H7 and could potentially be used as an antimicrobial for ensuring pathogen inactivation in undercooked patties. However detailed sensory studies will be necessary to determine the acceptability to consumers of TC in ground beef patties. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Amalaradjou, Mary Anne Roshni; Baskaran, Sangeetha Ananda; Ramanathan, Ranjith; Johny, Anup Kollanoor; Charles, Anu Susan; Valipe, Satyender Rao; Mattson, Tyler; Schreiber, David; Mancini, Richard; Venkitanarayanan, Kumar] Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Juneja, Vijay K.] ARS, USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Venkitanarayanan, K (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM kumar.venkitanarayanan@uconn.edu RI amalaradjou, mary anne roshni/D-2004-2012 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture FX Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 EI 1095-9998 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 27 IS 6 BP 841 EP 844 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2010.05.006 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 628OC UT WOS:000280128800018 PM 20630328 ER PT J AU Du, YC Wang, CJ Toghiani, H Cai, ZY Liu, X Zhang, JL Yan, QG AF Du, Yicheng Wang, Chuji Toghiani, Hossein Cai, Zhiyong Liu, Xiaojian Zhang, Jilei Yan, Qiangu TI Synthesis of Carbon-Encapsulated Metal Nanoparticles from Wood Char SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Carbon-encapsulated metal nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal treatment of wood char, with or without transition metal ions pre-impregnated, at 900 degrees C to 1,100 degrees C. Nanoparticles with concentric multilayer shells were observed. The nanoparticles were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The EDX spectrum showed that carbon was the dominant element in the shells. TEM and XRD analysis indicated that the generated carbon shells had structures similar to that of graphite with an average interplanar distance of 0.34 nm. The effects of temperature and pre-impregnation of metal ions on the yield of carbon-encapsulated metal nanoparticles were studied. C1 [Du, Yicheng] Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Wang, Chuji] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Starkville, MS USA. [Toghiani, Hossein] Mississippi State Univ, Dave C Swalm Sch Chem Engn, Starkville, MS USA. [Cai, Zhiyong] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Liu, Xiaojian] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Starkville, MS USA. [Zhang, Jilei] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Starkville, MS USA. RP Du, YC (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM yicheng.du@utoronto.ca; cw175@msstate.edu; hossein@che.msstate.edu; zcai@fs.fed.us; xl6@msstate.edu; jzhang@cfr.msstate.edu; qy8@ra.msstate.edu FU USDA Forest Service [10-JV-11111124-026]; US Department of Energy [DEF-C01006EW07040-06040310]; National Science Foundation [CTS-0626302] FX This work is supported by the USDA Forest Service through grant 10-JV-11111124-026 (J. Zhang), the US Department of Energy through grant DEF-C01006EW07040-06040310, and the National Science Foundation through grant CTS-0626302 (C. Wang). The authors express special gratitude to Mr. William A. Monroe, Mr. Richard Kuklinski, and Ms. Amanda Lawrence at the Electron Microscope Center of Mississippi State University, and Mr. Johnny R. Goodwin at the Central Analytical Facility of the University of Alabama for their help in obtaining experimental data. Special thanks go to the Bio-oil Laboratory at the Department of Forest Products for donated materials. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 60 IS 6 BP 527 EP 533 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA V22NF UT WOS:000208281200007 ER PT J AU Allen, AJ Marcinko, JJ Wagler, TA Sosnowick, AJ AF Allen, Anthony J. Marcinko, Joseph J. Wagler, Todd A. Sosnowick, A. Joseph TI Investigations of the Molecular Interactions of Soy-Based Adhesives SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Formaldehyde-free wood adhesives based on combinations of soy flour and polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resins are being used commercially. This combination has been shown to provide enhanced strength and water resistance compared with traditional soy-based adhesives. This study was undertaken to better understand the molecular interactions between a PAE resin and the various components of soy flour. PAE resins are cationic, water-soluble, thermosetting resins that contain high levels of azetidinium functionality. The main components of soy flour are protein (similar to 50%), polysaccharides (15% to 25%), and soluble sugars (10% to 15%). Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SSNMR) was used to study the molecular interactions occurring between soy flour components and a PAE resin. In these initial studies the efficiency of spin diffusion was observed and related to morphological differences between formulations comprising different ratios of PAE resin and soy flour. The thermal transitions of these adhesive formulations were explored using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). C1 [Allen, Anthony J.] Ashland Inc, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53713 USA. [Marcinko, Joseph J.] Polymer Synergies LLC, Mullica Hill, NJ USA. [Wagler, Todd A.] Univ Akron, Dept Chem, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Sosnowick, A. Joseph] Ashland Inc, Wilmington, DE USA. RP Allen, AJ (reprint author), Ashland Inc, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53713 USA. EM ajallen@ashland.com; drjoe@polymersynergies.com; wagler@uakron.edu; asosnowik@ashland.com NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 60 IS 6 BP 534 EP 540 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA V22NF UT WOS:000208281200008 ER PT J AU Buehlmann, U Espinoza, O Bumgardner, M Smith, B AF Buehlmann, Urs Espinoza, Omar Bumgardner, Matthew Smith, Bob TI Trends in the US Hardwood Lumber Distribution Industry: Changing Products, Customers, and Services SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Efficient and effective supply chains are the backbone of any industry, including the forest products industry. As the US secondary hardwood industry has undergone a profound transformation and large parts of the industry have moved offshore, the supply chain is adapting to these new realities. Remaining and new customers of US hardwood lumber distributors tend to be smaller and likely have a wide variety of unique needs and expectations. A survey conducted in the fall of 2008 of distributors of hardwood lumber assessed the sourcing needs and perceptions of the industry and describes the status of the industry as of 2007. The findings suggest that the US hardwood lumber industry is adapting to the new realities brought forth by the globalization of markets and slowing housing markets. Almost half of the respondents indicated that their average customer in 2007 was smaller than the average customer in 2003, and 75 percent of respondents indicated that the average order was smaller in 2007 versus 2003. To accommodate their customers, distributors added a plethora of new services, with provision of certified products being the fastest growing. Overall, the study depicts an ongoing transformation of the US hardwood lumber supply chain, where distributors are well positioned to meet the exacting specifications of numerous small and customized manufacturers. C1 [Buehlmann, Urs; Espinoza, Omar; Smith, Bob] Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Bumgardner, Matthew] US Forest Serv, No Res Sta, USDA, Princeton, WV USA. RP Buehlmann, U (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM buehlmann@gmail.com; oespin04@vt.edu; mbumgardner@fs.fed.us; rsmith4@vt.edu FU USDA Forest Service; Northern Research Station, Princeton, West Virginia; Wood Education and Resource Center, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, USDA Forest Service FX The authors thank B. Ralston for his support in gathering the data for this study. The authors are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their comments. The work upon which this publication is based was funded in part through the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Princeton, West Virginia, and the Wood Education and Resource Center, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, USDA Forest Service. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 60 IS 6 BP 547 EP 553 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA V22NF UT WOS:000208281200010 ER PT J AU Bernot, MJ Sobota, DJ Hall, RO Mulholland, PJ Dodds, WK Webster, JR Tank, JL Ashkenas, LR Cooper, LW Dahm, CN Gregory, SV Grimm, NB Hamilton, SK Johnson, SL Mcdowell, WH Meyer, JL Peterson, B Poole, GC Valett, HM Arango, C Beaulieu, JJ Burgin, AJ Crenshaw, C Helton, AM Johnson, L Merriam, J Niederlehner, BR O'Brien, JM Potter, JD Sheibley, RW Thomas, SM Wilson, K AF Bernot, Melody J. Sobota, Daniel J. Hall, Robert O., Jr. Mulholland, Patrick J. Dodds, Walter K. Webster, Jackson R. Tank, Jennifer L. Ashkenas, Linda R. Cooper, Lee W. Dahm, Clifford N. Gregory, Stanley V. Grimm, Nancy B. Hamilton, Stephen K. Johnson, Sherri L. Mcdowell, William H. Meyer, Judith L. Peterson, Bruce Poole, Geoffrey C. Valett, H. Maurice Arango, Clay Beaulieu, Jake J. Burgin, Amy J. Crenshaw, Chelsea Helton, Ashley M. Johnson, Laura Merriam, Jeff Niederlehner, B. R. O'Brien, Jonathan M. Potter, Jody D. Sheibley, Richard W. Thomas, Suzanne M. Wilson, Kym TI Inter-regional comparison of land-use effects on stream metabolism SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem respiration; land use; metabolism; primary production; stream ID MEDITERRANEAN STREAM; ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; BIOFILM METABOLISM; NITRATE REMOVAL; TROPHIC STATE; RESPIRATION; PATTERNS; RIVER; FLOW; DENITRIFICATION AB P>1. Rates of whole-system metabolism (production and respiration) are fundamental indicators of ecosystem structure and function. Although first-order, proximal controls are well understood, assessments of the interactions between proximal controls and distal controls, such as land use and geographic region, are lacking. Thus, the influence of land use on stream metabolism across geographic regions is unknown. Further, there is limited understanding of how land use may alter variability in ecosystem metabolism across regions. 2. Stream metabolism was measured in nine streams in each of eight regions (n = 72) across the United States and Puerto Rico. In each region, three streams were selected from a range of three land uses: agriculturally influenced, urban-influenced, and reference streams. Stream metabolism was estimated from diel changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations in each stream reach with correction for reaeration and groundwater input. 3. Gross primary production (GPP) was highest in regions with little riparian vegetation (sagebrush steppe in Wyoming, desert shrub in Arizona/New Mexico) and lowest in forested regions (North Carolina, Oregon). In contrast, ecosystem respiration (ER) varied both within and among regions. Reference streams had significantly lower rates of GPP than urban or agriculturally influenced streams. 4. GPP was positively correlated with photosynthetically active radiation and autotrophic biomass. Multiple regression models compared using Akaike's information criterion (AIC) indicated GPP increased with water column ammonium and the fraction of the catchment in urban and reference land-use categories. Multiple regression models also identified velocity, temperature, nitrate, ammonium, dissolved organic carbon, GPP, coarse benthic organic matter, fine benthic organic matter and the fraction of all land-use categories in the catchment as regulators of ER. 5. Structural equation modelling indicated significant distal as well as proximal control pathways including a direct effect of land-use on GPP as well as SRP, DIN, and PAR effects on GPP; GPP effects on autotrophic biomass, organic matter, and ER; and organic matter effects on ER. 6. Overall, consideration of the data separated by land-use categories showed reduced inter-regional variability in rates of metabolism, indicating that the influence of agricultural and urban land use can obscure regional differences in stream metabolism. C1 [Bernot, Melody J.] Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. [Sobota, Daniel J.; Ashkenas, Linda R.; Gregory, Stanley V.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sobota, Daniel J.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Hall, Robert O., Jr.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Mulholland, Patrick J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dodds, Walter K.; Wilson, Kym] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Webster, Jackson R.; Valett, H. Maurice; Niederlehner, B. R.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Tank, Jennifer L.; Arango, Clay; Beaulieu, Jake J.; Johnson, Laura] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Cooper, Lee W.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Dahm, Clifford N.; Crenshaw, Chelsea; Sheibley, Richard W.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Grimm, Nancy B.; Sheibley, Richard W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Hamilton, Stephen K.; Burgin, Amy J.; O'Brien, Jonathan M.] Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Johnson, Sherri L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mcdowell, William H.; Merriam, Jeff; Potter, Jody D.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Meyer, Judith L.; Helton, Ashley M.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Peterson, Bruce; Thomas, Suzanne M.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Poole, Geoffrey C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Sheibley, Richard W.] USGS Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Bernot, MJ (reprint author), Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. EM mjbernot@bsu.edu RI Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; Cooper, Lee/E-5251-2012; O'Brien, Jonathan/G-6786-2012; Grimm, Nancy/D-2840-2009; Burgin, Amy/G-7444-2014; McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; Hamilton, Stephen/N-2979-2014; Burgin, Amy/C-1528-2010; OI Cooper, Lee/0000-0001-7734-8388; Grimm, Nancy/0000-0001-9374-660X; Burgin, Amy/0000-0001-8489-4002; McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Hamilton, Stephen/0000-0002-4702-9017; Burgin, Amy/0000-0001-8489-4002; Sheibley, Richard/0000-0003-1627-8536; Poole, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8458-0203 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0111410]; University of Tennessee; NSF LTER FX This work was supported by a U.S. National Science Foundation grant (DEB-0111410) to PJM, University of Tennessee and additional NSF LTER support at many of the sites. We thank all LINX II site crews for research assistance, private and public landowners and community participants for access to sites and site information, D Gudder and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript, and BJ Roberts and RJ Bernot for helpful discussions. NR 64 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 11 U2 183 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 55 IS 9 BP 1874 EP 1890 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02422.x PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 639TL UT WOS:000280997300006 ER PT J AU Dhillon, B Cavaletto, JR Wood, KV Goodwin, SB AF Dhillon, Braham Cavaletto, Jessica R. Wood, Karl V. Goodwin, Stephen B. TI Accidental Amplification and Inactivation of a Methyltransferase Gene Eliminates Cytosine Methylation in Mycosphaerella graminicola SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED POINT MUTATION; DNA METHYLATION; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; GENOME; TELOMERES; SEQUENCE; YEAST; CHROMOSOME; EVOLUTION; RECOMBINATION AB A de novo search for repetitive elements in the genome sequence of the wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola identified a family of repeats containing a DNA cytosine methyltransferase sequence (MgDNMT). All 23 MgDNMT sequences identified carried signatures of repeat induced point mutation (RIP). All copies were subtelomeric in location except for one on chromosome 6. Synteny with M. fijiensis implied that the nontelomeric copy on chromosome 6 served as a template for subsequent amplifications. Southern analysis revealed that the MgDNMT sequence also was amplified in 15 additional M. graminicola isolates from various geographical regions. However, this amplification event was specific to M. graminicola; a search for MgDNMT homologs identified only a single, unmutated copy in the genomes of 11 other ascomycetes. A genome-wide methylation assay revealed that M. graminicola lacks cytosine methylation, as expected if its MgDNMT gene is inactivated. Methylation was present in several other species tested, including the closest known relatives of M. graminicola, species S1 and S2. Therefore, the observed changes most likely occurred within the past 10,500 years since the divergence between M. graminicola and S1. Our data indicate that the recent amplification of a single-copy MgDNMT gene made it susceptible to RIP, resulting in complete loss of cytosine methylation in M. graminicola. C1 [Goodwin, Stephen B.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wood, Karl V.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Goodwin, SB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sgoodwin@purdue.edu OI Goodwin, Stephen/0000-0001-5708-9729 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Current Research Information System (CRIS) [3602-22000-015-00D] FX We thank Bruce McDonald for providing DNA samples of S1 and S2, Eva Stukenbrock for BLAST searches against the S1 genome sequence, and Gert Kema for help in obtaining the genomic sequence of M. graminicola. We also thank Michael Freitag and Eric Selker for critically reviewing the manuscript. DNA sequencing of M. graminicola and M. fijiensis was performed at the U.S. Department of Energy's Joint Genome Institute through the Community Sequencing Program (www.jgi.doe.gov/CSP/) and all sequence data are publicly available. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Current Research Information System (CRIS) project 3602-22000-015-00D. Names are necessary to report factually on available data. However, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that also may be suitable. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD SEP PY 2010 VL 186 IS 1 BP 67 EP U139 DI 10.1534/genetics.110.117408 PG 24 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 651TS UT WOS:000281950600007 PM 20610411 ER PT J AU Ha, CM Jun, JH Fletcher, JC AF Ha, Chan Man Jun, Ji Hyung Fletcher, Jennifer C. TI Control of Arabidopsis Leaf Morphogenesis Through Regulation of the YABBY and KNOX Families of Transcription Factors SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HOMEOBOX GENE BREVIPEDICELLUS; SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM; ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2; FLORAL MERISTEMS; POLARITY GENES; THALIANA; BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1; MECHANISMS; REPRESSION; KNAT6 AB The patterning of initiating organs along specific axes of polarity is critical for the proper development of all higher organisms. Plant lateral organs, such as leaves, are derived from the shoot apical meristems located at the growing tips. After initiation, the leaf primordia of species such as Arabidopsis thaliana differentiate into a polarized structure consisting of a proximal petiole and a distal blade, but the molecular mechanisms that control proximal-distal pattern formation are poorly understood. The transcriptional activators BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 (BOP1) and BOP2 are known to control Arabidopsis lateral organ differentiation by regulating gene expression along the adaxial-abaxial (dorsal-ventral) and proximal-distal polarity axes. Here, we demonstrate that the development of ectopic blade tissue along bop1 bop2 leaf petioles is strongly suppressed in a dosage-dependant manner by mutations in either of two closely related YABBY (YAB) genes, FILAMENTOUS FLOWER (FIL) and YAB3. Three KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX1) genes also make lesser, and partially redundant, contributions to ectopic blade development in bop1 bop2 leaves. Mutation of these YAB and KNOX1 genes together causes nearly complete suppression of bop1 bop2 ectopic organ outgrowth at the morphological and cellular levels. Our data demonstrate that BOP1 and BOP2 regulate leaf patterning by controlling YAB and KNOX1 gene activity in the developing petiole. C1 [Ha, Chan Man] Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ha, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM cmha@berkeley.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Current Research Information System FX We thank Venkatesan Sundaresan, John Bowman, Sarah Hake, the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, and the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center for supplying seeds. This work was supported by a U.S. Department of Agriculture Current Research Information System grant to J.C.F. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 20 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD SEP PY 2010 VL 186 IS 1 BP 197 EP U335 DI 10.1534/genetics.110.118703 PG 18 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 651TS UT WOS:000281950600018 PM 20610407 ER PT J AU Bartholomew, PW Williams, RD AF Bartholomew, P. W. Williams, R. D. TI Effects of soil bulk density and strength on seedling growth of annual ryegrass and tall fescue in controlled environment SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Italian ryegrass; tall fescue; soil compaction; leaf measurements; tiller number ID MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE; YIELD COMPONENTS; WHEAT CULTIVARS; SPRING WHEAT; SHOOT GROWTH; ROOT-GROWTH; TILLAGE; COMPACTION; NITROGEN; SYSTEM AB Grasses sown with minimal tillage commonly exhibit slower establishment and lower herbage yield than those sown into a conventionally tilled seedbed. Some of the difference in performance may be attributed to differences in bulk density between tilled and untilled ground. It is not known if performance rankings of grass cultivars established in clean-tilled ground remain valid in more compacted soil characteristic of no-till seeding. Seedlings of five cultivars of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) [IRG] and five cultivars of tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea Schreb. also known as Lolium arundinaceum Schreb. (Darbysh.)] [TF] were grown in pots of Coyle or Stephenville series soils (sandy loam and loamy sand respectively) packed to 0 center dot 75, 0 center dot 88 or 1 center dot 00 of maximum packing densities, established as 1 center dot 47 and 1 center dot 68 g cm-3 for Coyle and Stephenville soil respectively. Leaf appearance was measured until seedling harvest at 540 growing degree days after emergence. Increased bulk density decreased leaf appearance rates, reduced final leaf and tiller numbers and aerial and root biomass at harvest in both IRG and TF. Among cultivars within species, there was no difference (P > 0 center dot 05) in response to measured parameters to change in bulk density. Seedling growth and development of IRG were consistently greater than that of TF but showed greater reduction in response to increased soil bulk density. Soil strength provided a better indicator of likely seedling response to soil compaction than bulk density. The results suggest that cultivar rankings obtained under conventional tillage are likely to be valid with no-till planting. C1 [Bartholomew, P. W.; Williams, R. D.] Langston Univ, ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, Langston, OK USA. RP Bartholomew, PW (reprint author), Langston Univ, ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, Langston, OK USA. EM Pbarthol@luresext.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS). The authors gratefully acknowledge the valuable technical support provided by Kathie Wynn and Justin Cash throughout the implementation of these studies. Mention of trademark names does not represent an endorsement over other comparable products by the USDA-ARS. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 65 IS 3 BP 348 EP 357 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2010.00753.x PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 635DF UT WOS:000280635100008 ER PT J AU Hosoe, T Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT Raja, HA Shearer, CA AF Hosoe, Tomoo Gloer, James B. Wicklow, Donald T. Raja, Huzefa A. Shearer, Carol A. TI NEW NONADRIDE ANALOGUES FROM A FRESHWATER ISOLATE OF AN UNDESCRIBED FUNGUS BELONGING TO THE ORDER PLEOSPORALES SO HETEROCYCLES LA English DT Article DE Wicklowia aquatica; Fungus; Nonadride; Waquafranone; Antifungal Activity ID CHARACTERISTIC ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; GLAUCANIC ACIDS; DIHYDROEPIHEVEADRIDE; IFM-52672 AB Three new nonadride derivatives, tetrahydroepiheveadride (1), dideoxoepiheveadride (2) and deoxodihydroepiheveadride (3), and two new C-9 compounds, waquafranone A (7) and B (8), which were suggestive of precursors of nonadrides, along with other known compounds epiheveadride (4), deoxoepiheveadride (5), dihydroepiheveadride (6), sydonic acid (9), hydroxysydonic acid (10), folipastatin (11), and agonodepside B (12), from the newly described freshwater aquatic fungus Wicklowia aquatica. The chemical structures of 1 - 12 were elucidated by the spectroscopic and chemical investigation and, comparison to literature data. C1 [Hosoe, Tomoo; Gloer, James B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Wicklow, Donald T.] Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Raja, Huzefa A.; Shearer, Carol A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hosoe, T (reprint author), Hoshi Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Tokyo, Japan. EM james-gloer@uiowa.edu RI Raja, Huzefa /J-4794-2015 OI Raja, Huzefa /0000-0002-0824-9463 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0315591]; National Institutes of Health [GM 60600] FX Financial assistance for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation (CHE-0315591) and the National Institutes of Health (GM 60600). The authors also thank the staff of the University of Iowa High Field NMR and Mass Spectrometry facilities for their assistance. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0385-5414 J9 HETEROCYCLES JI Heterocycles PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 9 BP 2123 EP 2130 DI 10.3987/COM-10-12009 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 663EH UT WOS:000282865300009 ER PT J AU Bassil, NV Volk, GM AF Bassil, Nahla V. Volk, Gayle M. TI Standardized Phenotyping: Advantages to Horticulture-Introduction to the Workshop SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bassil, Nahla V.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Volk, Gayle M.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Bassil, NV (reprint author), USDA ARS, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Nahla.bassil@ars.usda.gov NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 2010 VL 45 IS 9 BP 1306 EP 1306 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 650EF UT WOS:000281831300001 ER PT J AU Rudell, D AF Rudell, David TI Standardizing Postharvest Quality and Biochemical Phenotyping for Precise Population Comparison SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci DE metabolic trait; climacteric; controlled atmosphere ID CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE; DELICIOUS APPLES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; INTROGRESSION LINES; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; COMPOUND PRODUCTION; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; TOMATO AROMA; MAPPING QTLS; MELON FRUIT AB Selection of plant material with desired traits from different populations can be difficult, if not impossible, when evaluation methods are not standardized. Discerning comparable fruit postharvest traits among populations is particularly problematic because techniques and reporting protocols are often unique or non-existent for those crucial to quality and storability. Moreover, difficulties evaluating postharvest traits may be exacerbated by the dynamic nature of fruit ripening, introducing error even into intrapopulation comparisons. With the advent of biochemical phenotyping of fruit quality, opportunities to standardize evaluation of these and other important fruit postharvest traits are materializing. Standardized trait evaluation among breeding programs and, most importantly, germplasm collections is expected to allow more precise comparison between populations, expediting integration of economically important fruit quality traits into new populations as well as facilitating marker discovery. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Rudell, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM David.Rudell@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 2010 VL 45 IS 9 BP 1307 EP 1309 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 650EF UT WOS:000281831300002 ER PT J AU Volk, GM AF Volk, Gayle M. TI Advantages for the Use of Standardized Phenotyping in Databases SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci DE Darwin Core; database; geospatial; interoperability; ontology; phenotype ID RESOURCES INFORMATION NETWORK; PLANT-GERMPLASM-SYSTEM; GENOME DATABASE; GENETIC-RESOURCES; ONTOLOGY; ARABIDOPSIS; VOCABULARY; GRAMENE; BIOLOGY; PHENOME AB Genomic sequence data are becoming prevalent in databases; however, associated phenotypic data are much more expensive and difficult to obtain. Standardized ontologies for trait classification provide a mechanism by which searches can be efficiently performed. Through standardization efforts, results can be compared across years, researchers, and locations. Examples of databases that have developed standardized ontologies within medical, animal, and plant research programs demonstrate that standardization is both possible and desirable. With standardization, genotypic and phenotypic data can be analyzed to materials for improved yield, quality, and stress tolerance. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Gayle.Volk@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 2010 VL 45 IS 9 BP 1310 EP 1313 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 650EF UT WOS:000281831300003 ER EF